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Nature of Operations and Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2022
Accounting Policies [Abstract]  
Basis of Accounting Accounting Principles. Our consolidated financial statements are prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”). The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Crane Holdings, Co. and our subsidiaries. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated upon consolidation. As used in these notes, the terms "we," "us," "our," "Crane" and the "Company" mean Crane Holdings, Co. and our subsidiaries unless the context specifically states or implies otherwise.
Use Of Estimates Use of Estimates. Our accounting principles require management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expense during the reporting period. Actual results may differ from those estimated. Estimates and assumptions are reviewed periodically, and the effects of revisions are reflected in the financial statements in the period in which they are determined to be necessary. Estimates are used when accounting for such items as asset valuations, allowance for doubtful accounts, depreciation and amortization, impairment assessments, reserve for excess and obsolete inventory, reserve for warranty provision, restructuring provisions, employee benefits, taxes, environmental liability and contingencies.
Currency Translation Currency Translation.  Assets and liabilities of subsidiaries that prepare financial statements in currencies other than the U.S. dollar are translated at the rate of exchange in effect on the balance sheet date; results of operations are translated at the monthly average rates of exchange prevailing during the year. The related translation adjustments are included in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) in a separate component of equity.
Revenue Recognition
Revenue Recognition. In accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 606 “Revenue from Contracts with Customers,” we recognize revenue when control of the promised goods or services in a contract transfers to the customer, in an amount that reflects the consideration we expect to be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services. We account for a contract when both parties have approved and committed to the terms, each party’s rights and payment obligations under the contract are identifiable, the contract has commercial substance, and it is probable that we will collect substantially all of the consideration. When shipping and handling activities are performed after the customer obtains control of product, we elect to account for shipping and handling as activities to fulfill the promise to transfer the product. In determining the transaction price of a contract, we exercise judgment to determine the total transaction price when it includes estimates of variable consideration, such as rebates and milestone payments. We generally estimate variable consideration using the expected value method and consider all available information (historical, current, and forecasted) in estimating these amounts. Variable consideration is only included in the transaction price to the extent that it is probable that a significant reversal of cumulative revenue recognized will not occur when the uncertainty associated with the variable consideration is resolved. We elect to exclude from the transaction price all taxes assessed by a governmental authority that are both imposed on and concurrent with a specific revenue-producing transaction and collected by us from a customer.
We primarily generate revenue through the manufacture and sale of engineered industrial products. Each product within a contract generally represents a separate performance obligation, as we do not provide a significant service of integrating or installing the products, the products do not customize each other, and the products can function independently of each other. Control of products generally transfers to the customer at a point in time, as the customer does not control the products as they are manufactured. We exercise judgment and consider the timing of right to payment, transfer of risk and rewards, transfer of title, transfer of physical possession, and customer acceptance when determining when control transfers to the customer. As a result, revenue from the sale of products is generally recognized at a point in time - either upon shipment or delivery - based on the specific shipping terms in the contract. When products are customized or products are sold directly to the U.S. government or indirectly to the U.S. government through subcontracts, revenue is recognized over time because control is transferred continuously to customers, as the contract progresses. We exercise judgment to determine whether the products have an alternative use to us. When an alternative use does not exist for these products and we are entitled to payment for performance completed to date which includes a reasonable profit margin, revenue is recognized over time. When a contract with the U.S. government or subcontract for the U.S. government contains clauses indicating that the U.S. government owns any work-in-progress as the contracted product is being built, revenue is recognized over time. The measure of progress applied by us is the cost-to-cost method as this provides the most faithful depiction of the pattern of transfer of control. Under this method, we measure progress by comparing costs incurred to date to the total estimated costs to provide the performance obligation. This
method effectively reflects our progress toward completion, as this methodology includes any work-in-process amounts as part of the measure of progress. Costs incurred represent work performed, which corresponds with, and thereby depicts, the transfer of control to the customer. Total revenue recognized and cost estimates are updated on a monthly basis. In 2022, the Company recognized approximately $120 million in revenue over time related to contracts in progress as of December 31, 2022.

When there are multiple performance obligations in a single contract, the total transaction price is allocated to each performance obligation based on their relative standalone selling prices. We maximize the use of observable data inputs and consider all information (including market conditions, segment-specific factors, and information about the customer or class of customer) that is reasonably available. The standalone selling price for our products and services is generally determined using an observable list price, which differs by class of customer.
Revenue recognized from performance obligations satisfied in previous periods (for example, due to changes in the transaction price or estimates), was not material in any period.
Payment for products is due within a limited time period after shipment or delivery, and we generally do not offer extended payment terms. Payment is typically due within 30-90 calendar days of the respective invoice dates. Customers generally do not make large upfront payments. Any advanced payments received do not provide us with a significant benefit of financing, as the payments are meant to secure materials used to fulfill the contract, as opposed to providing us with a significant financing benefit.
When an unconditional right to consideration exists, we record these amounts as receivables. When amounts are dependent on factors other than the passage of time in order for payment from a customer to become due, we record a contract asset. Contract assets represent unbilled amounts that typically arise from contracts for customized products or contracts for products sold directly to the U.S. government or indirectly to the U.S. government through subcontracts, where revenue recognized using the cost-to-cost method exceeds the amount billed to the customer. Contract assets are assessed for impairment and recorded at their net realizable value. Contract liabilities represent advance payments from customers. Revenue related to contract liabilities is recognized when control is transferred to the customer.
We pay sales commissions related to certain contracts, which qualify as incremental costs of obtaining a contract. However, the sales commissions generally relate to contracts for products or services satisfied at a point in time or over a period of time less than one year. As a result, we apply the practical expedient that allows an entity to recognize incremental costs of obtaining a contract as an expense when incurred if the amortization period of the asset that would have been recognized is one year or less.
See Note 4, “Revenue” for further details.
Cost Of Goods Sold Cost of Goods Sold.  Cost of goods sold includes the costs of inventory sold and the related purchase and distribution costs. In addition to material, labor and direct overhead and inventoried cost, cost of goods sold include allocations of other expenses that are part of the production process, such as inbound freight charges, purchasing and receiving costs, inspection costs, warehousing costs, amortization of production related intangible assets and depreciation expense. We also include costs directly associated with products sold, such as warranty provisions.
Selling, General And Administrative Expenses Selling, General and Administrative Expenses.  Selling, general and administrative expenses are recognized as incurred. Such expenses include the costs of promoting and selling products and include such items as compensation, advertising, sales commissions and travel. Also included are costs related to compensation for other operating activities such as executive office administrative and engineering functions, as well as general operating expenses such as office supplies, non-income taxes, insurance and office equipment rentals.
Income Taxes
Income Taxes.  We account for income taxes in accordance with ASC Topic 740 “Income Taxes” (“ASC 740”) which requires an asset and liability approach for the financial accounting and reporting of income taxes. Under this method, deferred income taxes are recognized for the expected future tax consequences of differences between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their reported amounts in the financial statements. These balances are measured using the enacted tax rates expected to apply in the year(s) in which these temporary differences are expected to reverse. The effect of a change in tax rates on deferred income taxes is recognized in income in the period when the change is enacted.
Based on consideration of all available evidence regarding their utilization, we record net deferred tax assets to the extent that it is more likely than not that they will be realized. Where, based on the weight of all available evidence, it is more likely than not that some amount of a deferred tax asset will not be realized, we establish a valuation allowance for the amount that, in management's judgment, is sufficient to reduce the deferred tax asset to an amount that is more likely than not to be realized. The evidence we consider in reaching such conclusions includes, but is not limited to, (1) future reversals of existing taxable temporary differences, (2) future taxable income exclusive of reversing taxable temporary differences, (3) taxable income in prior carryback year(s) if carryback is permitted under the tax law, (4) cumulative losses in recent years, (5) a history of tax losses or credit carryforwards expiring unused, (6) a carryback or carryforward period that is so brief it limits realization of tax benefits,
and (7) a strong earnings history exclusive of the loss that created the carryforward and support showing that the loss is an aberration rather than a continuing condition.
We account for unrecognized tax benefits in accordance with ASC 740, which prescribes a minimum probability threshold that a tax position must meet before a financial statement benefit is recognized. The minimum threshold is defined as a tax position that is more likely than not to be sustained upon examination by the applicable taxing authority, including resolution of any related appeals or litigation, based solely on the technical merits of the position. The tax benefit recognized is the largest amount of benefit that is greater than 50% likely of being realized upon ultimate settlement.
We recognize interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits within the income tax expense line of our Consolidated Statement of Operations, while accrued interest and penalties are included within the related tax liability line of our Consolidated Balance Sheets.
Earnings Per Share Earnings Per Share.  Our basic earnings per share calculations are based on the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the year. Potentially dilutive securities include outstanding stock options, restricted share units, deferred stock units and performance-based restricted share units. The dilutive effect of potentially dilutive securities is reflected in diluted earnings per common share by application of the treasury method. Diluted earnings per share gives effect to all potential dilutive common shares outstanding during the year.
Cash And Cash Equivalents Cash and Cash Equivalents.  Cash and cash equivalents include highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less that are readily convertible to cash and are not subject to significant risk from fluctuations in interest rates. As a result, the carrying amount of cash and cash equivalents approximates fair value.
Accounts Receivable Accounts Receivable, Net.  Accounts receivable are carried at net realizable value. The allowance for doubtful accounts was $14.1 million and $10.4 million as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The allowance for doubtful accounts activity was not material to our financial results for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021. Concentrations of credit risk with respect to accounts receivable are limited due to the large number of customers and relatively small account balances within the majority of our customer base and their dispersion across different businesses. We periodically evaluate the financial strength of our customers and believe that our credit risk exposure is limited.
Inventories
Inventories, net.  Inventories consist of the following:
(in millions) December 31,20222021
Finished goods$83.3 $147.3 
Finished parts and subassemblies70.7 59.5 
Work in process39.9 37.0 
Raw materials245.9 205.3 
Total inventories, net$439.8 $449.1 
Inventories, net include the costs of material, labor and overhead and are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Domestic inventories are stated at either the lower of cost or net realizable value using the last-in, first-out (“LIFO”) method or the lower of cost or net realizable value using the first-in, first-out (“FIFO”) method. Inventories held in foreign locations are primarily stated at the lower of cost or market using the FIFO method. The LIFO method is not being used at our foreign locations as such a method is not allowable for tax purposes. Changes in the levels of LIFO inventories have increased cost of sales by $8.4 million, $3.6 million and $2.3 million for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 respectively. The portion of
inventories costed using the LIFO method was 37.2% and 30.1% of consolidated inventories as of December 31, 2022, and 2021, respectively. If inventories that were valued using the LIFO method had been valued under the FIFO method, they would have been higher by $38.8 million and $30.4 million as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The reserve for excess and obsolete inventory was $99.3 million and $98.6 million as of December 31, 2022, and 2021, respectively.
Property, Plant And Equipment
Property, Plant and Equipment, net.  Property, plant and equipment, net consists of the following: 
(in millions) December 31,20222021
Land$76.4 $80.8 
Buildings and improvements284.5 281.5 
Machinery and equipment889.9 926.2 
Gross property, plant and equipment1,250.8 1,288.5 
Less: accumulated depreciation740.9 732.9 
Property, plant and equipment, net$509.9 $555.6 
Property, plant and equipment is stated at cost and depreciation is calculated by the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the respective assets, which range from 10 to 25 years for buildings and improvements and three to 10 years for machinery and equipment.
Goodwill And Intangible Assets
Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets.  Our business acquisitions have typically resulted in the recognition of goodwill and other intangible assets. We follow the provisions under ASC Topic 350, “Intangibles – Goodwill and Other” (“ASC 350”) as it relates to the accounting for goodwill in the Consolidated Financial Statements. These provisions require that we, on at least an annual basis, evaluate the fair value of the reporting units to which goodwill is assigned and attributed and compare that fair value to the carrying value of the reporting unit to determine if an impairment has occurred. We perform our annual impairment testing during the fourth quarter. Impairment testing takes place more often than annually if events or circumstances indicate a change in status that would indicate a potential impairment. We believe that there have been no other events or circumstances which would more likely than not reduce the fair value of our reporting units below its carrying value. A reporting unit is an operating segment unless discrete financial information is prepared and reviewed by segment management for businesses one level below that operating segment (a “component”), in which case the component would be the reporting unit. As of December 31, 2022, we had six reporting units.
When performing our annual impairment assessment, we compare the fair value of each of our reporting units to our respective carrying value. Goodwill is considered to be potentially impaired when the net book value of the reporting unit exceeds its estimated fair value. Fair values are established primarily by discounting estimated future cash flows at an estimated cost of capital which varies for each reporting unit and which, as of our most recent annual impairment assessment, ranged between 9.5% and 11.5% (a weighted average of 10.8%), reflecting the respective inherent business risk of each of the reporting units tested. This methodology for valuing our reporting units (commonly referred to as the Income Method) has not changed since the adoption of the provisions under ASC 350. The determination of discounted cash flows is based on the businesses’ strategic plans and long-range planning forecasts, which change from year to year. The revenue growth rates included in the forecasts represent best estimates based on current and forecasted market conditions. Profit margin assumptions are projected by each reporting unit based on the current cost structure and anticipated net cost increases/reductions. There are inherent uncertainties related to these assumptions, including changes in market conditions, and management judgment is necessary in
applying them to the analysis of goodwill impairment. In addition to the foregoing, for each reporting unit, market multiples are used to corroborate discounted cash flow results where fair value is estimated based on earnings multiples determined by available public information of comparable businesses. While we believe we have made reasonable estimates and assumptions to calculate the fair value of our reporting units, it is possible a material change could occur. If actual results are not consistent with management’s estimates and assumptions, goodwill and other intangible assets may then be determined to be overstated and a charge would need to be taken against net earnings. No impairment charges have been required during 2022, 2021 or 2020.
Changes to goodwill are as follows:
(in millions) Aerospace & ElectronicsProcess Flow TechnologiesPayment & Merchandising TechnologiesEngineered MaterialsTotal
Balance as of December 31, 2020$202.5 $360.0 $875.2 $171.3 $1,609.0 
Adjustments to purchase price allocations— (0.1)— — $(0.1)
Currency translation— (10.5)(14.6)— $(25.1)
Balance as of December 31, 2021$202.5 $349.4 $860.6 $171.3 $1,583.8 
Disposal on sale of business— (22.3)— — $(22.3)
Currency translation(0.2)(9.8)(24.0)— $(34.0)
Balance as of December 31, 2022$202.3 $317.3 $836.6 $171.3 $1,527.5 
For the year ended December 31, 2022, adjustments within the Process Flow Technologies segment of $22.3 million relate to the disposition of the Crane Supply business.
For the year ended December 31, 2021, adjustments within the Process Flow Technologies segment of $0.1 million represent the finalization of the purchase price allocation for the acquisition of CIRCOR International, Inc.’s Instrumentation & Sampling Business (“I&S”).
Intangibles with indefinite useful lives are tested annually for impairment, or when events or changes in circumstances indicate the potential for impairment. If the carrying amount of an indefinite lived intangible asset exceeds its fair value, the intangible asset is written down to its fair value. Fair value is calculated using relief from royalty method. We amortize the cost of definite-lived intangibles over their estimated useful lives.
In addition to annual testing for impairment of indefinite-lived intangible assets, we review all of our definite-lived intangible assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Examples of events or changes in circumstances could include, but are not limited to, a prolonged economic downturn, current period operating or cash flow losses combined with a history of losses or a forecast of continuing losses associated with the use of an asset or asset group, or a current expectation that an asset or asset group will be sold or disposed of before the end of its previously estimated useful life. Recoverability is based upon projections of anticipated future undiscounted cash flows associated with the use and eventual disposal of the definite-lived intangible asset (or asset group), as well as specific appraisal in certain instances. Reviews occur at the lowest level for which identifiable cash flows are largely independent of cash flows associated with other long-lived assets or asset groups and include estimated future revenues, gross profit margins, operating profit margins and capital expenditures which are based on the businesses’ strategic plans and long-range planning forecasts, which change from year to year. The revenue growth rates included in the forecasts represent our best estimates based on current and forecasted market conditions, and the profit margin assumptions are based on the current cost structure and anticipated net cost increases or reductions. There are inherent uncertainties related to these assumptions, including changes in market conditions, and management’s judgment in applying them to the analysis. If the future undiscounted cash flows are less than the carrying value, then the definite-lived intangible asset is considered impaired and a charge would be taken against net earnings based on the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the estimated fair value. Judgments that we make which impact these assessments relate to the expected useful lives of definite-lived assets and its ability to realize any undiscounted cash flows in excess of the carrying amounts of such assets, and are affected primarily by changes in the expected use of the assets, changes in technology or development of alternative assets, changes in economic conditions, changes in operating performance and changes in expected future cash flows. Since judgment is involved in determining the recoverable amount of definite-lived intangible assets, there is risk that the carrying value of our definite-lived intangible assets may require adjustment in future periods. Historical results to date have generally approximated expected cash flows for the identifiable cash flow generating level.
As of December 31, 2022, we had $416.6 million of net intangible assets, of which $67.3 million were intangibles with indefinite useful lives, consisting of trade names. As of December 31, 2021, we had $467.1 million of net intangible assets, of which $70.6 million were intangibles with indefinite useful lives, consisting of trade names.
Changes to intangible assets are as follows:
(in millions) December 31,202220212020
Balance at beginning of period, net of accumulated amortization$467.1 $520.3 $505.1 
Additions— — 52.5 
Amortization expense(41.7)(44.5)(48.4)
Currency translation and other(8.8)(8.7)11.1 
Balance at end of period, net of accumulated amortization$416.6 $467.1 $520.3 
For the year ended December 31, 2020, additions to intangible assets represent the preliminary purchase price allocation related to the January 2020 acquisition of I&S.
A summary of intangible assets follows:
(in millions)Weighted Average
Amortization Period of Finite Lived Assets (in years)		December 31, 2022December 31, 2021
Gross
Asset		Accumulated
Amortization		NetGross
Asset		Accumulated
Amortization		Net
Intellectual property rights15.1$132.1 $59.1 $73.0 $136.8 $59.2 $77.6 
Customer relationships and backlog18.4635.5 329.8 305.7 651.7 308.8 342.9 
Drawings40.011.1 10.7 0.4 11.1 10.6 0.5 
Other11.7141.3 103.8 37.5 142.1 96.0 46.1 
Total17.9$920.0 $503.4 $416.6 $941.7 $474.6 $467.1 
Future amortization expense associated with intangibles is expected to be:
Year(in millions)
2023$41.8 
2024$41.0 
2025$35.7 
2026$35.5 
2027$33.9 
2028 and after$161.4 
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
The table below illustrates the amounts reclassified out of each component of accumulated other comprehensive loss for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020. Amortization of pension and postretirement components have been recorded within “Miscellaneous income, net” on the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
(in millions) Amount Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
 December 31,202220212020
Amortization of pension items:
Prior service costs$(0.1)$(0.1)$(0.3)
Net loss15.2 23.4 19.1 
Amortization of postretirement items:
Prior service costs(1.1)(1.1)(1.1)
Total before tax$14.0 $22.2 $17.7 
Tax impact3.5 4.2 3.9 
Total reclassifications for the period$10.5 $18.0 $13.8 
Recently Issued Accounting Standards
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
The Company considered the applicability and impact of all Accounting Standards Updates issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) and determined them to be either not applicable or are not expected to have a material impact on the Company's Consolidated Statement of Operations, Balance Sheets and Cash Flows.