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Restructuring
 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2022
Restructuring and Related Activities [Abstract]  
Restructuring Restructuring
Overview
2020 Repositioning - In the second quarter of 2020, we initiated actions in response to the adverse economic impact of COVID-19 and integration actions related to the Cummins-Allison acquisition. These actions included workforce reductions of approximately 1,200 employees, or about 11% of our global workforce, and the exiting of two leased office facilities and one leased warehouse facility. We have completed this program and do not expect to incur additional restructuring charges. We recorded restructuring gains of $1.1 million and $1.5 million in the three month and nine month periods ended September 30, 2021, respectively.
2019 Repositioning - In the fourth quarter of 2019, we initiated actions to consolidate two manufacturing operations in Europe within our Process Flow Technologies segment. In 2020, we recorded additional severance costs related to the final negotiation with the works council/union at both locations. These actions, taken together, included workforce reductions of approximately 180 employees, or less than 1% of our global workforce. We expect to complete the program in the fourth quarter of 2023. There were no charges recorded in the three month periods ended September 30, 2022 or 2021 related to these actions. We recorded a charge of $0.1 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2021 related to these actions.
2017 Repositioning - In the fourth quarter of 2017, we initiated broad-based repositioning actions designed to improve profitability. These actions included headcount reductions of approximately 300 employees, or about 3% of our global workforce, and select facility consolidations in North America and Europe. In 2020, we adjusted the estimate downward to reflect the impact of employees that chose to voluntarily terminate prior to receiving severance at the conclusion of the actions in North America. In 2021, we recorded a gain on sale of real estate related to these actions. We expect to complete the program in the first quarter of 2023. There were no charges recorded in the three month periods ended September 30, 2022 or 2021 related to these actions. We recorded a gain of $12.9 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2021 related to these actions.
Restructuring (gains) charges, net
We recorded restructuring (gains) charges, net which are reflected in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations, as follows:
Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in millions)2022202120222021
Process Flow Technologies$— $— — (12.6)
Payment & Merchandising Technologies— (1.1)— (1.7)
Total restructuring (gains) charges, net$— $(1.1)$— $(14.3)

The following table summarizes our restructuring gains, net by program, cost type and segment for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021:
Nine Months Ended September 30,2022Nine Months Ended September 30,2021
(in millions)SeveranceOtherTotalSeveranceOtherTotal
Payment & Merchandising Technologies$— $— $— $(0.7)$(0.8)$(1.5)
2020 Repositioning$— $— $— $(0.7)$(0.8)$(1.5)
Process Flow Technologies$— $— $— $0.1 $— $0.1 
2019 Repositioning$— $— $— $0.1 $— $0.1 
Process Flow Technologies 1
$— $— $— $— $(12.7)$(12.7)
Payment & Merchandising Technologies — — — (0.2)— (0.2)
2017 Repositioning$— $— $— $(0.2)$(12.7)$(12.9)
Total$— $— $— $(0.8)$(13.5)$(14.3)
1 Reflects a pre-tax gain related to the sale of real estate in 2021.
The following table summarizes the cumulative restructuring costs, net incurred through September 30, 2022. We do not expect to incur additional facility consolidation costs to complete these actions as of September 30, 2022.
Cumulative Restructuring Costs, Net
(in millions)SeveranceOtherTotal
Aerospace & Electronics$6.5 $— $6.5 
Process Flow Technologies3.7 — 3.7 
Payment & Merchandising Technologies15.8 1.8 17.6 
2020 Repositioning$26.0 $1.8 $27.8 
Process Flow Technologies$16.1 $— $16.1 
2019 Repositioning$16.1 $— $16.1 
Aerospace & Electronics$1.3 $(1.4)$(0.1)
Process Flow Technologies13.1 (12.7)0.4 
Payment & Merchandising Technologies11.5 0.7 12.2 
2017 Repositioning$25.9 $(13.4)$12.5 
Restructuring Liability
The following table summarizes the accrual balances related to each restructuring program:
(in millions)2019 Repositioning2017 RepositioningTotal
Severance:
Balance as of December 31, 2021 (a)
$11.5 $0.7 $12.2 
Utilization(7.1)(0.6)(7.7)
Balance as of September 30, 2022 (a)
$4.4 $0.1 $4.5 
(a)
Included within Accrued Liabilities in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.