Goodwill and Intangible Assets

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2019

Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Our business acquisitions have typically resulted in the recognition of goodwill and other intangible assets. We follow the provisions under ASC Topic 350, “Intangibles – Goodwill and Other” (“ASC 350”) as it relates to the accounting for goodwill in our condensed consolidated financial statements. These provisions require that we, on at least an annual basis, evaluate the fair value of the reporting units to which goodwill is assigned and attributed and compare that fair value to the carrying value of the reporting unit to determine if an impairment has occurred. We perform our annual impairment testing during the fourth quarter. Impairment testing takes place more often than annually if events or circumstances indicate a change in status that would indicate a potential impairment. We believe that there have been no events or circumstances which would more likely than not reduce the fair value for our reporting units below its carrying value. A reporting unit is an operating segment unless discrete financial information is prepared and reviewed by segment management for businesses one level below that operating segment (a “component”), in which case the component would be the reporting unit. As of September 30, 2019, we had eight reporting units.

When performing our annual impairment assessment, we compare the fair value of each of our reporting units to its respective carrying value. Goodwill is considered to be potentially impaired when the net book value of the reporting unit exceeds its estimated fair value. Fair values are established primarily by discounting estimated future cash flows at an estimated cost of capital which varies for each reporting unit and which, as of our most recent annual impairment assessment, ranged between 10.0% and 13.0% (a weighted average of 10.9%), reflecting the respective inherent business risk of each of the reporting units tested. This methodology for valuing our reporting units (commonly referred to as the Income Method) has not changed since the adoption of the provisions under ASC 350. The determination of discounted cash flows is based on the businesses’ strategic plans and long-range planning forecasts, which change from year to year. The revenue growth rates included in the forecasts represent best estimates based on current and forecasted market conditions. Profit margin assumptions are projected by each reporting unit based on the current cost structure and anticipated net cost increases/reductions. There are inherent uncertainties related to these assumptions, including changes in market conditions, and management judgment is necessary in applying them to the analysis of goodwill impairment. In addition to the foregoing, for each reporting unit, market multiples are used to corroborate its discounted cash flow results where fair value is estimated based on earnings multiples determined by available public information of comparable businesses. While we believe we have made reasonable estimates and assumptions to calculate the fair value of our reporting units, it is possible a material change could occur. If actual results are not consistent with management’s estimates and assumptions, goodwill and other intangible assets may then be determined to be overstated and a charge would need to be taken against net earnings. Furthermore, in order to evaluate the sensitivity of the fair value calculations on the goodwill impairment test performed during the fourth quarter of 2018, we applied a hypothetical, reasonably possible 10% decrease to the fair values of each reporting unit. The effects of this hypothetical 10% decrease would still result in the fair value calculation exceeding the carrying value for each reporting unit.

Changes to goodwill are as follows:



(in millions)	Fluid Handling			Payment & Merchandising Technologies			Aerospace & Electronics			Engineered Materials			Total
Balance as of December 31, 2017	$	245.4		$	587.7		$	202.4		$	171.4		$	1,206.9
Additions	—			208.4			—			—			208.4
Currency translation	(4.6		)	(6.9		)	—			(0.1		)	(11.6		)
Balance at December 31, 2018	$	240.8		$	789.2		$	202.4		$	171.3		$	1,403.7
Additions	—			8.7			—			—			8.7
Currency translation	(3.7		)	(3.1		)	(0.1		)	—			(6.9		)
Balance at September 30, 2019	$	237.1		$	794.8		$	202.3		$	171.3		$	1,405.5

For the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and for the year ended December 31, 2018, additions to goodwill represent the purchase price allocation related to the January 2018 acquisition of Crane Currency. See discussion in Note 4, “Acquisitions” for further details.

As of September 30, 2019, we had $445.4 million of net intangible assets, of which $69.4 million were intangibles with indefinite useful lives, consisting of trade names. Intangibles with indefinite useful lives are tested annually for impairment, or when events or changes in circumstances indicate the potential for impairment. If the carrying amount of an indefinite lived intangible asset exceeds its fair value, the intangible asset is written down to its fair value. Fair value is calculated using relief from royalty method. We amortize the cost of definite-lived intangibles over their estimated useful lives.

In addition to annual testing for impairment of indefinite-lived intangible assets, we review all of our definite-lived intangible assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Examples of events or changes in circumstances could include, but are not limited to, a prolonged economic downturn, current period operating or cash flow losses combined with a history of losses or a forecast of continuing losses associated with the use of an asset or asset group, or a current expectation that an asset or asset group will be sold or disposed of before the end of its previously estimated useful life. Recoverability is based upon projections of anticipated future undiscounted cash flows associated with the use and eventual disposal of the definite-lived intangible asset (or asset group), as well as specific appraisal in certain instances. Reviews occur at the lowest level for which identifiable cash flows are largely independent of cash flows associated with other long-lived assets or asset groups and include estimated future revenues, gross profit margins, operating profit margins and capital expenditures which are based on the businesses’ strategic plans and long-range planning forecasts, which change from year to year. The revenue growth rates included in the forecasts represent our best estimates based on current and forecasted market conditions, and the profit margin assumptions are based on the current cost structure and anticipated net cost increases/reductions. There are inherent uncertainties related to these assumptions, including changes in market conditions, and management’s judgment in applying them to the analysis. If the future undiscounted cash flows are less than the carrying value, then the definite-lived intangible asset is considered impaired and a charge would be taken against net earnings based on the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the estimated fair value. Judgments that we make which impact these assessments relate to the expected useful lives of definite-lived assets and our ability to realize any undiscounted cash flows in excess of the carrying amounts of such assets, and are affected primarily by changes in the expected use of the assets, changes in technology or development of alternative assets, changes in economic conditions, changes in operating performance and changes in expected future cash flows. Since judgment is involved in determining the recoverable amount of definite-lived intangible assets, there is risk that the carrying value of our definite-lived intangible assets may require adjustment in future periods. Historical results to date have generally approximated expected cash flows for the identifiable cash flow generating level. We believe there have been no events or circumstances which would more likely than not reduce the fair value of our indefinite-lived or definite-lived intangible assets below their carrying value.

Changes to intangible assets are as follows:



(in millions)	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019			Year Ended December 31, 2018
Balance at beginning of period, net of accumulated amortization	$	481.8		$	276.8
Additions	—			252.8
Amortization expense	(30.6		)	(44.5		)
Currency translation	(5.8		)	(3.3		)
Balance at end of period, net of accumulated amortization	$	445.4		$	481.8

For the year ended December 31, 2018, additions to intangible assets represent the purchase price allocation related to the January 2018 acquisition of Crane Currency. See discussion in Note 4, “Acquisitions” for further details.

A summary of intangible assets follows:



	Weighted Average Amortization Period of Finite Lived Assets (in years)	September 30, 2019						December 31, 2018
(in millions)		Gross Asset		Accumulated Amortization		Net		Gross Asset		Accumulated Amortization		Net
Intellectual property rights	17.2	$	129.9	$	55.8	$	74.1	$	130.7	$	55.6	$	75.1
Customer relationships and backlog	18.7	545.7		231.3		314.4		546.8		210.7		336.1
Drawings	37.9	11.1		10.5		0.6		11.1		10.5		0.6
Other	10.3	129.3		73.0		56.3		135.0		65.0		70.0
Total	18.0	$	816.0	$	370.6	$	445.4	$	823.6	$	341.8	$	481.8

Future amortization expense associated with intangible assets is expected to be:



(in millions)
Remainder of 2019	$	9.7
2020	36.8
2021	34.5
2022	34.3
2023 and thereafter	260.7