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Stock-Based Compensation (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2022
Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]  
Schedule of stock-based compensation expense, net of forfeitures For 2022, 2021, and 2020, stock-based compensation expense, net of forfeitures, was recorded as follows ($ in thousands):
202220212020
Equity-classified awards:
Restricted stock$3,151 $2,677 $2,555 
Market-based RSUs4,0732,5321,255
Performance-based RSUs1,173881428
Director grants1,4718901,060
Employee Stock Purchase Plan19125
10,0597,0055,298
Liability-classified awards
Market-based RSUs 1,942 2,498 
Performance-based RSUs 456 258 
Service-based RSUs(146)690 633 
Dividend equivalent units69 564 675 
(77)3,652 4,064 
Total stock-based compensation expense$9,982 $10,657 $9,362 
Schedule of equity and liability classified award activity
The following table summarizes equity-classified employee stock compensation award activity for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020 (shares in thousands):
202220212020
SharesWeighted Average Fair Market Value at GrantSharesWeighted Average Fair Market Value at GrantSharesWeighted Average Fair Market Value at Grant
Shares unvested at beginning of the year409 $38.63221 $41.90141 $34.81
Granted242 $43.30248 $35.44173 $44.13
Vested(169)$41.54(58)$37.47(82)$34.69
Forfeited(19)$41.05(2)$39.27(11)$41.10
Shares unvested at end of year463 $39.91409 $38.63221 $41.90
The following table summarizes the Company's liability-classified award activity, at target, during the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020 (shares in thousands):
202220212020
SharesSharesShares
Shares unvested at beginning of the year43 135 316 
Vested (92)(172)
Forfeited — (9)
Shares unvested at end of year43 43 135 
Schedule of valuation assumptions
The Monte Carlo valuation used to determine the grant date fair value of the equity-classified Market-based RSUs included the following assumptions for those RSUs granted in 2022, 2021, and 2020:
202220212020
Volatility(1)37.7 %37.5 %18.0 %
Risk-free rate(2)1.39 %0.17 %1.34 %
Stock beta(3)1.02 %1.04 %1.04 %
(1) Based on historical volatility over three years using daily stock price.
(2) Reflects the yield on three-year Treasury bonds.
(3) Betas are calculated with up to three years of daily stock price data.
Schedule of stock options activity
The following is a summary of stock option activity for the years ended December 31, 2021, and 2020 (options in thousands):
20212020
Number of OptionsWeighted Average Exercise Price Per OptionNumber of OptionsWeighted Average Exercise Price Per Option
Outstanding at beginning of year28 $25.5567 $23.13
Exercised(28)$25.55(37)$21.28
Forfeited/expired— (2)$22.76
Outstanding at end of year— 28 $25.55