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Stock-Based Compensation
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2017
Disclosure of Compensation Related Costs, Share-based Payments [Abstract]  
STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION
STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION
The Company has several types of stock-based compensation - stock options, restricted stock, and restricted stock units (“RSUs”) - which are described in note 13 of notes to consolidated financial statements in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016. The expense related to a portion of the stock-based compensation awards is fixed. The expense related to other stock-based compensation awards fluctuates from period to period dependent, in part, on the Company's stock price and stock performance relative to its peers. The Company recorded stock-based compensation expense, net of forfeitures, of $2.9 million and $340,000 for the three months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively, and $4.6 million and $4.6 million for the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively.
The Company maintains the 2009 Incentive Stock Plan (the "2009 Plan") and the 2005 Restricted Stock Unit Plan (the “RSU Plan”). Under the 2009 Plan, the Company made restricted stock grants in 2017 of 308,289 shares to key employees, which vest ratably over a three-year period. Under the RSU Plan, the Company awarded two types of performance-based RSUs in 2017 to key employees based on the following metrics: (1) Total Stockholder Return of the Company, as defined in the RSU Plan, as compared to the companies in the SNL US REIT Office index (“TSR RSUs”), and (2) the ratio of cumulative funds from operations per share to targeted cumulative funds from operations per share (“FFO RSUs”) as defined in the RSU Plan. The performance period for both awards is January 1, 2017 to December 31, 2019, and the targeted units awarded of TSR RSUs and FFO RSUs was 267,013 and 132,266, respectively. The ultimate payout of these awards can range from 0% to 200% of the targeted number of units depending on the achievement of the market and performance metrics described above. These RSU awards cliff vest on December 31, 2019 and are to be settled in cash with payment dependent on upon attainment of required service, market, and performance criteria. The number of RSUs vesting will be determined by the Compensation Committee, and the payout per unit will be equal to the average closing price on each trading day during the 30-day period ending on December 31, 2019. The Company expenses an estimate of the fair value of the TSR RSUs over the performance period using a quarterly Monte Carlo valuation. The FFO RSUs are expensed over the vesting period using the fair market value of the Company's stock at the reporting date multiplied by the anticipated number of units to be paid based on the current estimate of what the ratio is expected to be upon vesting. Dividend equivalents on the TSR RSUs and the FFO RSUs will also be paid based upon the percentage vested.
In addition, the Company granted 166,132 time-vested RSUs to key employees in 2017. The value of each unit is equal to the fair value of one share of common stock. The vesting period for this award is three years. These RSUs are to be settled in cash with payment dependent upon the attainment of the required service criteria. Dividend equivalents will be paid upon vesting based on the number of RSUs granted with such payments made concurrently with payment of common dividends.
During the three months ended June 30, 2017, the Company issued 120,878 shares of common stock at fair value to members of its board of directors in lieu of fees, and recorded $1.0 million in general and administrative expense in the three months ended June 30, 2017 related to the issuances.