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Goodwill and Intangibles
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2019
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]  
Goodwill and Intangibles Goodwill and Intangibles
Goodwill is recorded in the segment where it was generated by acquisitions. In 2011, the Company recorded $18,851 of goodwill related to the acquisition of additional ownership of COOCSA in the Americas Tire Operations segment and, in 2016, the Company recorded goodwill in the amount of $33,250 related to the acquisition of GRT in the International Tire Operations segment. Goodwill prior to 2011 was zero.
Purchased goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets are tested annually for impairment, unless indicators are present that would require an earlier test. On December 12, 2018, Cooper Vietnam and Sailun Vietnam entered into an equity joint venture contract to establish a joint venture in Vietnam which will produce and sell TBR tires. The new joint venture is expected to begin commercially producing tires in 2020. The capacity created by this planned facility will decrease expected production requirements for Cooper's GRT joint venture. The Company included the expected impact of the new Vietnam joint venture on
projected future cash flows in performing its annual goodwill impairment assessment on GRT in 2018. Based on the assessment performed, the goodwill balance was deemed to be fully impaired and resulted in a non-cash fourth quarter 2018 impairment charge of $33,827 recorded in the Consolidated Statement of Income. The fair value of GRT utilized in the goodwill impairment assessment was determined based upon internal and external inputs considering various market transactions and discounted cash flow valuation methods, among other factors. This valuation approach represented a Level 3 fair value measurement measured on a non-recurring basis in the fair value hierarchy due to the Company's use of Company-specific inputs and unobservable measurement inputs.
During the fourth quarter of 2019, the Company completed its annual goodwill and intangible asset impairment tests and no impairment was indicated for the goodwill related to the 2011 acquisition of additional ownership of COOCSA or the Company's other indefinite-lived intangible assets.
The following table presents intangible assets and accumulated amortization balances as of December 31, 2019 and 2018:
 
 
 
December 31, 2019
 
December 31, 2018
 
 
 
Gross
Carrying
Amount
 
Accumulated
Amortization
 
Net
Carrying
Amount
 
Gross
Carrying
Amount
 
Accumulated
Amortization
 
Net
Carrying
Amount
 
 
Definite-lived:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Capitalized software costs
 
$
205,929

 
$
(115,090
)
 
$
90,839

 
$
197,338

 
$
(97,972
)
 
$
99,366

 
Land use rights
 
14,145

 
(3,545
)
 
10,600

 
14,526

 
(3,860
)
 
10,666

 
Trademarks and tradenames
 
3,800

 
(3,800
)
 
—

 
8,000

 
(7,823
)
 
177

 
Other
 
1,400

 
(1,300
)
 
100

 
3,261

 
(2,966
)
 
295

 
 
 
225,274

 
(123,735
)
 
101,539

 
223,125

 
(112,621
)
 
110,504

 
Indefinite-lived:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Trademarks
 
9,817

 
—

 
9,817

 
9,817

 
—

 
9,817

 
 
 
$
235,091

 
$
(123,735
)
 
$
111,356

 
$
232,942

 
$
(112,621
)
 
$
120,321


Estimated amortization expense over the next five years is as follows: 2020 - $19,274, 2021 - $18,723, 2022 - $16,935, 2023 - $15,866 and 2024 - $14,378.