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Income Taxes
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2017
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes
Income Taxes

The effective tax rate was (10.9)% and 40.0% for the three months and 1.2% and 68.4% for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Additionally there were $1.0 million of tax benefit and $1.8 million tax expense related to an uncertain tax position in the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and September 30, 2016, respectively. The effective tax rate is affected by our tax compliance issues, as IRS toll charge penalties are not tax deductible and can move up or down depending on the net adjustment to our best estimate liability. In addition, we report the interest component of our uncertain tax positions in income tax expense, which can move up or down depending on the tax compliance issues as well as statute expirations. Absent the effect on our effective tax rate of our tax compliance issues, in most periods where our effective tax rate is lower than the statutory tax rate of 35%, the difference is primarily due to tax-exempt state and local bond income which reduce the effective tax rate. For the nine months ended September 30, 2017, our effective tax rate was significantly lower than the nine months ended September 30, 2016, as the Company recorded a net reduction in the overall IRS toll charge penalties and a tax benefit on the Company's uncertain tax position interest accrual compared to a net increase for these items in the nine months ended September 30, 2016.