Fair Value Measurements

Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. We hold available-for-sale fixed maturity securities and equity securities, which are carried at fair value.

Fair value measurements are generally based upon observable and unobservable inputs. Observable inputs reflect market data obtained from independent sources, while unobservable inputs reflect our view of market assumptions in the absence of observable market information. We utilize valuation techniques that maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. All assets and liabilities carried at fair value are required to be classified and disclosed in one of the following three categories:


•	Level 1 - Quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets.


•	Level 2 - Quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active; and model-derived valuations whose inputs or whose significant value drivers are observable.


•	Level 3 - Instruments whose significant value drivers are unobservable.

Level 1 primarily consists of financial instruments whose value is based on quoted market prices such as U.S. Treasury securities and actively traded mutual fund and stock investments.

Level 2 includes those financial instruments that are valued by independent pricing services or broker quotes. These models are primarily industry-standard models that consider various inputs, such as interest rates, credit spreads and foreign exchange rates for the underlying financial instruments. All significant inputs are observable, or derived from observable information in the marketplace or are supported by observable levels at which transactions are executed in the marketplace. Financial instruments in this category primarily include corporate securities, U.S. Government-sponsored enterprise securities, municipal securities and certain mortgage and asset-backed securities.

Level 3 is comprised of financial instruments whose fair value is estimated based on non-binding broker prices utilizing significant inputs not based on or corroborated by readily available market information. There were no securities in this category at September 30, 2017.

The following tables set forth our assets that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of the dates indicated.



	September 30, 2017
Available-for-sale investments	Level 1		Level 2	Level 3	Total Fair Value
	(In thousands)
Financial assets:
Fixed maturities:
U.S. Treasury and U.S. Government-sponsored enterprises	$	12,002	4,519	—	16,521
States and political subdivisions	—		571,995	—	571,995
Corporate	—		364,498	—	364,498
Residential mortgage-backed	—		2,106	—	2,106
Foreign governments	—		124	—	124
Total fixed maturities	12,002		943,242	—	955,244
Equity securities:
Stock mutual funds	3,168		—	—	3,168
Bond mutual funds	12,395		—	—	12,395
Common stock	23		—	—	23
Redeemable preferred stock	560		—	—	560
Total equity securities	16,146		—	—	16,146
Total financial assets	$	28,148	943,242	—	971,390



	December 31, 2016
Available-for-sale investments	Level 1		Level 2	Level 3	Total Fair Value
	(In thousands)
Financial assets:
Fixed maturities:
U.S. Treasury and U.S. Government-sponsored enterprises	$	12,190	8,502	—	20,692
States and political subdivisions	—		573,274	—	573,274
Corporate	—		285,099	—	285,099
Commercial mortgage-backed	—		—	51	51
Residential mortgage-backed	—		2,426	—	2,426
Foreign governments	—		126	—	126
Total fixed maturities	12,190		869,427	51	881,668
Equity securities:
Stock mutual funds	2,946		—	—	2,946
Bond mutual funds	14,197		—	—	14,197
Common stock	25		—	—	25
Redeemable preferred stock	991		—	—	991
Total equity securities	18,159		—	—	18,159
Total financial assets	$	30,349	869,427	51	899,827

Financial Instruments Valuation

Fixed maturity securities, available-for-sale. At September 30, 2017, our fixed maturity securities, valued using a third-party pricing source, totaled $943.2 million for Level 2 assets and comprised 97.1% of total reported fair value of our financial assets. The Level 1 and Level 2 valuations are reviewed and updated quarterly through random testing by comparisons to separate pricing models, other third-party pricing services, and back tested to recent trades. In addition, we obtain information annually relative to the third-party pricing models and review model parameters for reasonableness. There were no Level 3 assets at September 30, 2017. For the nine months ended September 30, 2017, there were no material changes to the valuation methods or assumptions used to determine fair values, and no broker or third party prices were changed from the values received.

Equity securities, available-for-sale. Our available-for-sale equity securities are classified as Level 1 assets as their fair values are based upon quoted market prices.

The following table presents additional information about fixed maturity securities measured at fair value on a recurring basis that are classified as Level 3 assets and for which we have utilized significant unobservable inputs to determine fair value.



	September 30, 2017			December 31, 2016
	(In thousands)

Balance at beginning of period	$	51		145
Total realized and unrealized gains (losses)
Included in net income	—			—
Included in other comprehensive income	—			(4	)
Principal paydowns	(51		)	(90	)
Transfer in and (out) of Level 3	—			—
Balance at end of period	$	—		51

We review the fair value hierarchy classifications each reporting period. Changes in the observability of the valuation attributes may result in a reclassification of certain financial assets. Such reclassifications are reported as transfers in and out of Level 3 at the beginning fair value for the reporting period in which the changes occur. There were no transfers in or out of Level 3.

Financial Instruments not Carried at Fair Value

Estimates of fair values are made at a specific point in time, based on relevant market prices and information about the financial instruments. The estimated fair values of financial instruments presented below are not necessarily indicative of the amounts the Company might realize in actual market transactions.

The carrying amount and fair value for the financial assets and liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets not otherwise disclosed for the periods indicated are as follows:



	September 30, 2017			December 31, 2016
	Carrying Value		Fair Value	Carrying Value	Fair Value
	(In thousands)
Financial assets:
Fixed maturities, held-to-maturity	$	236,353	244,064	247,004	252,545
Mortgage loans	197		229	232	269
Policy loans	71,215		71,215	66,672	66,672
Short-term investments	—		—	508	508
Cash and cash equivalents	45,000		45,000	35,510	35,510
Financial liabilities:
Annuity - investment contracts	54,470		52,711	50,952	52,173

Fair values for fixed income securities, which are characterized as Level 2 assets in the fair value hierarchy, are based on quoted market prices for the same or similar securities. In cases where quoted market prices are not available, fair values are based on estimates using present value or other assumptions, including a discount rate and estimates of future cash flows.

Mortgage loans are secured principally by residential properties. Weighted average interest rates for these loans were approximately 6.56% at September 30, 2017 and 6.80% at December 31, 2016. At September 30, 2017, maturities ranged from 1 to 25 years. Management estimated the fair value using an annual interest rate of 6.25% at September 30, 2017. Our mortgage loans are considered Level 3 assets in the fair value hierarchy.

Policy loans had a weighted average annual interest rate of 7.71% as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, and no specified maturity dates. The aggregate fair value of policy loans approximates the carrying value reflected on the consolidated balance sheets. These loans typically carry an interest rate that is tied to the crediting rate applied to the related policy and contract reserves. Policy loans are an integral part of the life insurance policies we have in force, cannot be valued separately and are not marketable. Therefore, the fair value of policy loans approximates the carrying value and policy loans are considered Level 3 assets in the fair value hierarchy.

The fair value of short-term investments approximate carrying value due to their short-term nature. Our short-term investments are considered Level 2 assets in the fair value hierarchy.

The fair value of cash and cash equivalents approximate carrying value and are characterized as Level 1 assets in the fair value hierarchy.

The fair value of the Company's liabilities under annuity contract policies, which are considered Level 3 assets, was estimated at September 30, 2017 using discounted cash flows based upon spot rates ranging from 1.49% to 3.51% based upon swap rates adjusted for various risk adjustments. The fair value of liabilities under all insurance contracts are taken into consideration in the overall management of interest rate risk, which seeks to minimize exposure to changing interest rates through the matching of investment maturities with amounts due under insurance contracts.