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SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2011
Notes To Consolidated Financial Statements [Abstract]  
Significant Accounting Policies [Text Block]

COMBINED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

 

Refer to the Glossary of Terms included in this combined Annual Report on Form 10-K for abbreviations and acronyms used throughout the combined notes to the consolidated financial statements.

 

1.       SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

 

A.       Pending Merger with NSTAR

On October 18, 2010, NU and NSTAR announced that each company's Board of Trustees unanimously approved a merger agreement (the "agreement"), under which NSTAR will become a direct wholly owned subsidiary of NU. The transaction is structured as a merger of equals in a tax-free exchange of shares. Under the terms of the agreement, NSTAR shareholders will receive 1.312 NU common shares for each NSTAR common share that they own (the "exchange ratio"). Shareholders of both NU and NSTAR approved the pending merger at special meetings of shareholders held on March 4, 2011. Post-transaction, NU will provide electric and natural gas energy delivery service to approximately 3.5 million electric and natural gas customers through six regulated electric and natural gas utilities in Connecticut, Massachusetts and New Hampshire.

 

The exchange ratio was structured to result in a no premium merger based on the average closing share price of each company's common shares for the 20 trading days preceding the announcement. Based on the number of NU common shares and NSTAR common shares estimated to be outstanding immediately prior to the closing of the merger, upon such closing, NU will be owned approximately 56 percent by NU shareholders and approximately 44 percent by former NSTAR shareholders. It is anticipated that NU will issue approximately 137 million common shares to the NSTAR shareholders as a result of the merger. Subject to the conditions in the agreement, NU's first quarterly dividend per common share paid after the closing of the merger will be increased to an amount that is at least equal, after adjusting for the exchange ratio, to NSTAR's last quarterly dividend paid prior to the closing.

 

At closing, NU will acquire NSTAR and, in accordance with accounting standards for business combinations, account for the transaction as an acquisition of NSTAR by NU.

 

Completion of the merger is subject to various customary conditions, including, among others, receipt of all required regulatory approvals. NU and NSTAR are awaiting approvals from PURA and the DPU. PURA is scheduled to issue a final decision on April 2, 2012.

 

On February 15, 2012, NU and NSTAR reached comprehensive merger-related settlement agreements with both the Massachusetts Attorney General and the DOER. The first settlement agreement covers a variety of rate-making and rate design issues, including a distribution rate freeze until 2016 for WMECO, NSTAR Electric Company and NSTAR Gas Company. The second settlement agreement covers a variety of matters impacting the advancement of Massachusetts clean energy goals established by the Green Communities Act and Global Warming Solutions Act. Pursuant to the terms and provisions of the settlement agreements, all parties agree that the proposed merger between NU and NSTAR is consistent with the public interest and should be approved by the DPU. However, the settlement agreements allow the Attorney General and DOER to terminate their respective agreements for any reason at any time prior to approval by the DPU. All parties to the settlement agreements have requested that the DPU approve the merger on April 4, 2012. Under the terms of the settlement agreements, WMECO would record a $3 million pre-tax charge in 2012 pending completion of the merger.

Presentation

The consolidated financial statements of NU, CL&P, PSNH and WMECO include the accounts of all their respective subsidiaries. Intercompany transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

 

The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent liabilities as of the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

 

NU and a subsidiary of NSTAR have formed, on a 75 percent and 25 percent basis, respectively, a limited liability company, NPT, to construct, own and operate the Northern Pass transmission project. NPT and Hydro Renewable Energy entered into a TSA whereby NPT will sell to Hydro Renewable Energy electric transmission rights over the Northern Pass for a 40-year term at cost of service rates. NPT will be required to maintain a capital structure of 50 percent debt and 50 percent equity. NU determined, through its controlling financial interest in NPT, that it must consolidate NPT, as NU has the power to direct the activities of NPT, which most significantly impact its economic performance, including permitting and siting and operation and maintenance activities over the term of the TSA.

 

In accordance with accounting guidance on noncontrolling interests in consolidated financial statements, the Preferred Stock of CL&P, which is not owned by NU or its consolidated subsidiaries and is not subject to mandatory redemption, has been presented as a noncontrolling interest in CL&P in the accompanying consolidated financial statements of NU.  The Preferred Stock of CL&P is considered to be temporary equity and has been classified between liabilities and permanent shareholders' equity on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of NU and CL&P due to a provision in CL&P's certificate of incorporation that grants preferred stockholders the right to elect a majority of CL&P's board of directors should certain conditions exist, such as if preferred dividends are in arrears for one year.  For the years ended December 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009, there was no change in NU parent's 100 percent ownership of the common equity of CL&P.

 

The Net Income reported in the accompanying consolidated statements of income and cash flows represents consolidated net income prior to apportionment to noncontrolling interests, which is represented by dividends on preferred stock of CL&P and NSTAR's portion of the net income of NPT.  

 

As of December 31, 2011, NU, CL&P, PSNH and WMECO have adjusted the presentation of Regulatory Assets and Liabilities to reflect the current portions, and related deferred tax amounts, as current assets and liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets. Amounts as of December 31, 2010 have been reclassified to conform to the December 31, 2011 presentation. For additional information, see Note 2, "Regulatory Accounting," to the consolidated financial statements.

 

Certain other reclassifications of prior year data were made in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets for all companies presented and statements of cash flows for NU and PSNH. These reclassifications were made to conform to the current year's presentation.

 

NU evaluates events and transactions that occur after the balance sheet date but before financial statements are issued and recognizes in the financial statements the effects of all subsequent events that provide additional evidence about conditions that existed as of the balance sheet date and discloses, but does not recognize, in the financial statements subsequent events that provide evidence about the conditions that arose after the balance sheet date but before the financial statements are issued. NU did not identify any such events that required recognition or disclosure under this guidance.

C.       About NU, CL&P, PSNH and WMECO

Consolidated: NU is the parent company of CL&P, PSNH, WMECO, and other subsidiaries. NU was formed on July 1, 1966 when CL&P, WMECO and The Hartford Electric Light Company affiliated under the common ownership of NU. In 1992, PSNH became a subsidiary of NU. On March 1, 2000, natural gas became an integral part of NU's Connecticut operations when NU's merger with Yankee and its principal subsidiary, Yankee Gas, was completed. NU, CL&P, PSNH and WMECO are reporting companies under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. NU is a public utility holding company under the Public Utility Holding Company Act of 2005. Arrangements among the regulated electric companies and other NU companies, outside agencies and other utilities covering interconnections, interchange of electric power and sales of utility property are subject to regulation by the FERC. The Regulated companies are subject to further regulation for rates, accounting and other matters by the FERC and/or applicable state regulatory commissions (the PURA for CL&P and Yankee Gas, the NHPUC as well as certain regulatory oversight by the Vermont Department of Public Service and the Maine Public Utilities Commission for PSNH, and the DPU for WMECO).

 

Regulated Companies: CL&P, PSNH and WMECO furnish franchised retail electric service in Connecticut, New Hampshire and Massachusetts, respectively. Yankee Gas owns and operates Connecticut's largest natural gas distribution system. CL&P, PSNH and WMECO's results include the operations of their respective distribution and transmission segments. PSNH and WMECO's distribution results include the operations of their respective generation businesses. Yankee Gas' results include the operations of its natural gas distribution segment. NPT was formed to construct, own and operate the Northern Pass line, a new HVDC transmission line from Québec to New Hampshire that will interconnect with a new HVDC transmission line being developed by a transmission subsidiary of HQ.

 

Other: As of December 31, 2011, NU Enterprises' primary business consisted of Select Energy's remaining energy wholesale marketing contracts and NGS' operation and maintenance agreements as well as its subsidiary, Boulos, an electrical contractor based in Maine that NU Enterprises continues to own and manage. NUSCO, RRR, Renewable Properties, Inc. and Properties, Inc. provide support services to NU, including its regulated companies.

D.       Accounting Standards Issued But Not Yet Adopted

In May 2011, the Financial Accounting Standards Board and the International Accounting Standards Board issued a final Accounting Standards Update on fair value measurement, effective January 1, 2012, that is not expected to have an impact on NU's financial position, results of operations or cash flows, but will require additional financial statement disclosures related to fair value measurements.

 

In September 2011, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued a final Accounting Standards Update on testing goodwill for impairment, effective January 1, 2012 with early adoption permitted. The standard provides the option to perform a qualitative assessment to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying value; if so, quantitative testing is required. The standard does not change existing guidance relating to when an entity should test goodwill for impairment or the methodology to be utilized in performing quantitative testing. The standard will not have an impact on NU's financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

E.       Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand and short-term cash investments that are highly liquid in nature and have original maturities of three months or less. At the end of each reporting period, any overdraft amounts are reclassified from Cash and Cash Equivalents to Accounts Payable on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.

F.       Provision for Uncollectible Accounts

NU, including CL&P, PSNH and WMECO, maintains a provision for uncollectible accounts to record receivables at an estimated net realizable value. This provision is determined based upon a variety of factors, including applying an estimated uncollectible account percentage to each receivable aging category, based upon historical collection and write-off experience and management's assessment of collectibility from individual customers. Management reviews at least quarterly the collectibility of the receivables, and if circumstances change, collectibility estimates are adjusted accordingly. Receivable balances are written off against the provision for uncollectible accounts when the accounts are terminated and these balances are deemed to be uncollectible.

 

The provision for uncollectible accounts, which is included in Receivables, Net on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets, is as follows:

  As of December 31,
(Millions of Dollars)2011 2010
NU$34.9 $39.8
CL&P 14.8  17.2
PSNH 7.2  6.8
WMECO 4.6  6.0

The PURA allows CL&P and Yankee Gas to accelerate the recovery of uncollectible hardship accounts receivable outstanding for greater than 90 days. As a result of the January 2011 DPU rate case decision, WMECO is allowed to recover amounts associated with uncollectible hardship receivables in rates. As of December 31, 2011, CL&P, WMECO and Yankee Gas had uncollectible hardship accounts receivable reserves in the amount of $68.6 million, $5.4 million and $6.8 million, respectively, with the corresponding bad debt expense recorded as Regulatory Assets or Other Long-Term Assets as these amounts are probable of recovery. As of December 31, 2010, these amounts totaled $65 million, $6.9 million and $7.5 million, respectively.

G.       Fuel, Materials and Supplies and Allowance Inventory

Fuel, Materials and Supplies include natural gas, coal, oil and materials purchased primarily for construction or operation and maintenance purposes. Natural gas inventory, coal and oil are valued at their respective weighted average cost. Materials and supplies are valued at the lower of average cost or market.

 

PSNH is subject to federal and state laws and regulations that regulate emissions of air pollutants, including SO2, CO2, and NOx related to its regulated generation units, and uses SO2, CO2, and NOx emissions allowances. At the end of each compliance period, PSNH is required to relinquish SO2, CO2, and NOx emissions allowances corresponding to the actual respective emissions emitted by its generating units over the compliance period. SO2 and NOx emissions allowances are obtained through an annual allocation from the federal and state regulators that are granted at no cost and through purchases from third parties. CO2 emissions allowances are acquired through auctions and through purchases from third parties.

 

SO2, CO2, and NOx emissions allowances are recorded within Fuel, Materials and Supplies and are classified on the balance sheet as short-term or long-term depending on the period in which they are expected to be utilized against actual emissions. As of December 31, 2011 and 2010, PSNH had $0.8 million and $7.1 million, respectively, of short-term SO2, CO2, and NOx emissions allowances classified as Fuel, Materials and Supplies on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets and $19.4 million and $18.2 million, respectively, of long-term SO2 and CO2 emissions allowances classified as Other Long-Term Assets on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.

 

SO2, CO2, and NOx emissions allowances are charged to expense based on their weighted average cost as they are utilized against emissions volumes at PSNH's generating units. PSNH recorded expenses of $5.1 million, $6.6 million and $7.6 million for the years ended December 31, 2011, 2010, and 2009, respectively, which were included in Fuel, Purchased and Net Interchange Power on the accompanying consolidated statements of income. These costs are recovered from customers through PSNH ES revenues.

H.       Restricted Cash and Other Deposits

As of December 31, 2011, NU, CL&P and PSNH had $17.9 million, $9.4 million, and $7 million, respectively, of restricted cash, primarily relating to amounts held in escrow related to property damage at CL&P and insurance proceeds on bondable property at PSNH, which were included in Prepayments and Other Current Assets on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. There was no restricted cash held as of December 31, 2010.

 

As of December 31, 2011, PSNH and WMECO, and as of December 31, 2010, CL&P, PSNH and WMECO, had amounts on deposit related to subsidiaries used to facilitate the issuance of RRBs. In addition, NU, CL&P, PSNH and WMECO had other cash deposits held with unaffiliated parties, including deposits related to Select Energy's position in transactions with counterparties, as of December 31, 2011 and 2010. These amounts are included in Prepayments and Other Current Assets and Other Long-Term Assets on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. These amounts were as follows:

NUAs of December 31,            
(Millions of Dollars)2011 2010            
Rate Reduction Bond Deposits$ 29.5 $ 53.1            
Other Deposits  17.7   29.9            
                   
  As of December 31,
  2011 2010
(Millions of Dollars)CL&P PSNH WMECO CL&P PSNH WMECO
Rate Reduction Bond Deposits$ - $ 24.4 $ 5.1 $ 22.1 $ 26.9 $ 4.1
Other Deposits  1.1   2.5   2.2   2.1   2.8   1.2
                   

I.       Fair Value Measurements

NU, including CL&P, PSNH, and WMECO, applies fair value measurement guidance to all derivative contracts recorded at fair value and to the marketable securities held in the NU supplemental benefit trust and WMECO's spent nuclear fuel trust. Fair value measurement guidance is also applied to investment valuations used to calculate the funded status of NU's Pension and PBOP Plans and non-recurring fair value measurements of NU's non-financial assets and liabilities.

 

Fair Value Hierarchy: In measuring fair value, NU uses observable market data when available and minimizes the use of unobservable inputs. Inputs used in fair value measurements are categorized into three fair value hierarchy levels for disclosure purposes. The entire fair value measurement is categorized based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. NU evaluates the classification of assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a quarterly basis, and NU's policy is to recognize transfers between levels of the fair value hierarchy as of the end of the reporting period. The three levels of the fair value hierarchy are described below:

 

Level 1 - Inputs are quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities as of the reporting date.  Active markets are those in which transactions for the asset or liability occur in sufficient frequency and volume to provide pricing information on an ongoing basis.

 

Level 2 - Inputs are quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active, and model-derived valuations in which all significant inputs are observable.

 

Level 3 - Quoted market prices are not available. Fair value is derived from valuation techniques in which one or more significant inputs or assumptions are unobservable. Where possible, valuation techniques incorporate observable market inputs that can be validated to external sources such as industry exchanges, including prices of energy and energy-related products.

 

Determination of Fair Value: The valuation techniques and inputs used in NU's fair value measurements are described in Note 4, "Derivative Instruments," and Note 5, "Marketable Securities," to the consolidated financial statements.

 

J.       Derivative Accounting

Most of CL&P, PSNH and WMECO's contracts for the purchase and sale of energy or energy-related products are derivatives, along with all but one of NU Enterprises' remaining wholesale marketing contracts. The accounting treatment for energy contracts entered into varies and depends on the intended use of the particular contract and on whether or not the contract is a derivative.

 

The application of derivative accounting is complex and requires management judgment in the following respects: identification of derivatives and embedded derivatives, election and designation of the "normal purchases or normal sales" (normal) exception, identifying, electing and designating hedge relationships, assessing and measuring hedge effectiveness, and determining the fair value of derivatives. All of these judgments, depending upon their timing and effect, can have a significant impact on the consolidated financial statements.

 

The fair value of derivatives is based upon the contract terms and conditions and the underlying market price or fair value per unit. When quantities are not specified in the contract, the Company determines whether the contract has a determinable quantity by using amounts referenced in default provisions and other relevant sections of the contract. The estimated quantities to be served are updated during the term of the contract. The fair value of derivative assets and liabilities with the same counterparty are offset and recorded as a net derivative asset or liability to the consolidated balance sheets.

 

The judgment applied in the election of the normal exception (and resulting accrual accounting) includes the conclusion that it is probable at the inception of the contract and throughout its term that it will result in physical delivery of the underlying product and that the quantities will be used or sold by the business in the normal course of business. If facts and circumstances change and management can no longer support this conclusion, then the normal exception and accrual accounting is terminated and fair value accounting is applied prospectively.

 

The remaining wholesale marketing contracts that are marked-to-market derivative contracts are not considered to be held for trading purposes, and sales and purchase activity is reported on a net basis in Fuel, Purchased and Net Interchange Power on the consolidated statements of income.

 

For further information regarding derivative contracts of NU, CL&P, PSNH and WMECO and their accounting, see Note 4, "Derivative Instruments," to the consolidated financial statements.

K.       Equity Method Investments

Regional Nuclear Companies: As of December 31, 2011, CL&P, PSNH and WMECO owned common stock in three regional nuclear generation companies (Yankee Companies). Each of the Yankee Companies owned a single nuclear generating facility that has been decommissioned. Ownership interests in the Yankee Companies as of December 31, 2011, which are accounted for on the equity method, are as follows:

(Percent)CYAPC  YAEC  MYAPC 
CL&P 34.5   24.5   12.0 
PSNH 5.0   7.0   5.0 
WMECO 9.5   7.0   3.0 
Total NU 49.0%  38.5%  20.0%

The total carrying values of ownership interests in CYAPC, YAEC and MYAPC, which are included in Other Long-Term Assets on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets and in the Regulated companies - Electric distribution reportable segment, are as follows:

(Millions of Dollars)2011 2010
CL&P$ 1.4 $ 1.3
PSNH  0.3   0.3
WMECO  0.4   0.4
Total NU$ 2.1 $ 2.0

For further information on the Yankee Companies, see Note 12C, "Commitments and Contingencies - Deferred Contractual Obligations," to the consolidated financial statements.

 

Other: NU has a 22.7 percent equity ownership interest in two companies that transmit electricity imported from the Hydro-Québec system in Canada. NU's investment totaled $4.6 million and $5.6 million as of December 31, 2011 and 2010, respectively. As of December 31, 2011, NU also had an equity ownership of $4.2 million in an energy investment fund.

 

These equity investments are included in Other Long-Term Assets on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets and net earnings related to these equity investments are included in Other Income, Net on the accompanying consolidated statements of income.

L.       Revenues

Regulated Companies: The Regulated companies' retail revenues are based on rates approved by the state regulatory commissions. In general, rates can only be changed through formal proceedings with the state regulatory commissions. The Regulated companies also utilize regulatory commission-approved tracking mechanisms to recover certain costs as incurred. The tracking mechanisms allow for rates to be changed periodically, with overcollections refunded to customers or undercollections collected from customers in future periods. Beginning in 2011, WMECO was allowed to establish a revenue decoupling mechanism to recover a pre-established level of baseline distribution delivery service revenues of $125.6 million per year, independent of actual customer usage. Such decoupling mechanisms effectively break the relationship between kWhs consumed by customers and revenues recognized.

 

Energy purchases under derivative instruments are recorded in Fuel, Purchased and Net Interchange Power, and sales of energy associated with these purchases are recorded in Operating Revenues.

 

Regulated Companies' Unbilled Revenues: Unbilled revenues represent an estimate of electricity or natural gas delivered to customers for which the customers have not yet been billed. Unbilled revenues are included in Operating Revenues on the consolidated statements of income and are assets on the consolidated balance sheets that are reclassified to accounts receivable in the following month as customers are billed. Such estimates are subject to adjustment when actual meter readings become available, when changes in estimating methodology occur and under other circumstances.

 

The Regulated companies estimate unbilled revenues monthly using the daily load cycle method. The daily load cycle method allocates billed sales to the current calendar month based on the daily load for each billing cycle. The billed sales are subtracted from total month load, net of delivery losses, to estimate unbilled sales. Unbilled revenues are estimated by first allocating sales to the respective customer classes, then applying an average rate by customer class to the estimate of unbilled sales.

 

Regulated Companies' Transmission Revenues - Wholesale Rates:   Wholesale transmission revenues are based on formula rates that are approved by the FERC. Wholesale transmission revenues for CL&P, PSNH, and WMECO are collected under the ISO-NE FERC, Transmission, Markets and Services Tariff (ISO-NE Tariff). The ISO-NE Tariff includes RNS and Schedule 21 - NU rate schedules to recover fees for transmission and other services. The RNS rate, administered by ISO-NE and billed to all New England transmission users, including CL&P, PSNH and WMECO's transmission businesses, is reset on June 1st of each year and recovers the revenue requirements associated with transmission facilities that benefit the entire New England region. The Schedule 21 - NU rate, administered by NU, is reset on January 1st and June 1st of each year and recovers the revenue requirements for local transmission facilities and other transmission costs not recovered under the RNS rate. The Schedule 21 - NU rate calculation recovers total transmission revenue requirements net of revenues received from other sources (i.e., RNS, rentals, etc.), thereby ensuring that NU recovers all of CL&P's, PSNH's and WMECO's regional and local revenue requirements as prescribed in the ISO-NE Tariff. Both the RNS and Schedule 21 - NU rates provide for the annual reconciliation and recovery or refund of estimated (or projected) costs to actual costs. The financial impacts of differences between actual and projected costs are deferred for future recovery from, or refunded to, transmission customers. As of December 31, 2011, the Schedule 21 - NU rates were in a total overrecovery position of $31.4 million ($18.6 million for CL&P, $1.7 million for PSNH and $11.1 million for WMECO), which will be refunded to transmission customers in June 2012.

 

Regulated Companies' Transmission Revenues - Retail Rates: A significant portion of the NU transmission segment revenue comes from ISO-NE charges to the distribution segments of CL&P, PSNH and WMECO, each of which recovers these costs through rates charged to their retail customers. CL&P, PSNH and WMECO each have a retail transmission cost tracking mechanism as part of their rates, which allows the electric distribution companies to charge their retail customers for transmission costs on a timely basis.

M.       Operating Expenses

Costs related to fuel (and natural gas costs as it related to Yankee Gas) included in Fuel, Purchased and Net Interchange Power on the accompanying consolidated statements of income were as follows:

 For the Years Ended December 31,
(Millions of Dollars)2011 2010 2009
NU$ 307.9 $ 391.6 $ 401.7
PSNH  115.9   184.3   174.1
Yankee Gas  191.3   206.4   226.1

N.       Allowance for Funds Used During Construction

AFUDC is included in the cost of the Regulated companies' utility plant and represents the cost of borrowed and equity funds used to finance construction. The portion of AFUDC attributable to borrowed funds is recorded as a reduction of Other Interest Expense, and the AFUDC related to equity funds is recorded as Other Income, Net on the accompanying consolidated statements of income.

NUFor the Years Ended December 31,
(Millions of Dollars, except percentages)2011 2010 2009
AFUDC:        
 Borrowed Funds$11.8 $ 10.2 $5.9
 Equity Funds 22.5   16.7  9.4
Total$34.3 $ 26.9 $ 15.3
Average AFUDC Rate 7.3%  7.1%  6.1%

  For the Years Ended December 31,
  2011 2010 2009
(Millions of Dollars, except percentages)CL&P PSNH WMECO CL&P PSNH WMECO CL&P PSNH WMECO
AFUDC:                          
 Borrowed Funds$ 3.3 $ 7.1 $ 0.5 $ 2.7 $ 6.6 $ 0.3 $ 2.2 $ 3.1 $ 0.2
 Equity Funds  6.0   13.2   1.0   4.9   10.4   0.6   5.7   3.6   -
Total$ 9.3 $ 20.3 $ 1.5 $ 7.6 $ 17.0 $ 0.9 $ 7.9 $ 6.7 $ 0.2
Average AFUDC Rate 8.3%  7.1%  7.4%  8.3%  6.8%  6.4%  7.2%  6.2%  1.7%

The Regulated companies' average AFUDC rate is based on a FERC-prescribed formula that produces an average rate using the cost of a company's short-term financings as well as a company's capitalization (preferred stock, long-term debt and common equity). The average rate is applied to average eligible CWIP amounts to calculate AFUDC.

O.       Other Income, Net

The other income/(loss) items included within Other Income, Net on the accompanying consolidated statements of income primarily consist of investment income/(loss), interest income, AFUDC related to equity funds and equity in earnings, which relates to the Company's investments, including investments of CL&P, PSNH and WMECO in the Yankee Companies and NU's investment in two regional transmission companies.

P.       Other Taxes

Certain excise taxes levied by state or local governments are collected by CL&P and Yankee Gas from their respective customers. These excise taxes are shown on a gross basis with collections in revenues and payments in expenses. Gross receipts taxes, franchise taxes and other excise taxes were included in Operating Revenues and Taxes Other Than Income Taxes on the accompanying consolidated statements of income as follows:

 For the Years Ended December 31,
(Millions of Dollars)2011 2010 2009
NU$ 137.8 $ 143.7 $ 135.6
CL&P  121.6   128.0   119.0

Certain sales taxes are also collected by CL&P, WMECO, and Yankee Gas from their respective customers as agents for state and local governments and are recorded on a net basis with no impact on the accompanying consolidated statements of income.

Q.Supplemental Cash Flow Information
            
NUFor the Years Ended December 31,
(Millions of Dollars)2011 2010 2009
Cash Paid/(Received) During the Year for:        
 Interest, Net of Amounts Capitalized$ 256.3 $ 258.3 $ 263.8
 Income Taxes  (76.6)   84.5   35.1
Non-Cash Investing Activities:        
 Capital Expenditures Incurred But Not Paid  168.5  127.9   125.5

 For the Years Ended December 31,
 2011 2010 2009
(Millions of Dollars)CL&P PSNH WMECO CL&P PSNH WMECO CL&P PSNH WMECO
Cash Paid/(Received) During the Year for:                          
 Interest, Net of Amounts Capitalized$ 136.6 $ 49.3 $ 22.1 $ 142.2 $ 51.4 $ 20.2 $ 146.7 $ 49.0 $ 19.4
 Income Taxes  (27.5)   (29.0)   (4.9)   71.5   1.6   5.0   42.4   12.8   (9.1)
Non-Cash Investing Activities:                          
 Capital Expenditures Incurred But Not Paid  32.7   51.1   61.3   46.2   35.8   21.2   48.2   46.5   10.3

The majority of the short-term borrowings of NU, including CL&P, PSNH and WMECO, have original maturities of three months or less. Accordingly, borrowings and repayments are shown net on the statement of cash flows.

R.       Self-Insurance Accruals

NU, including CL&P, PSNH and WMECO, are self-insured for employee medical coverage, long-term disability coverage and general liability coverage and up to certain limits for workers compensation coverage. Liabilities for insurance claims include accruals of estimated settlements for known claims, as well as accruals of estimates of incurred but not reported claims. Accruals for employee medical coverage are included in Other Current Liabilities and the remainder of these accruals are included in Other Long-Term Liabilities on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. In estimating these costs, NU considers historical loss experience and makes judgments about the expected levels of costs per claim. These claims are accounted for based on estimates of the undiscounted claims, including those claims incurred but not reported.

S.       Related Parties

Several wholly owned subsidiaries of NU provide support services for NU, including CL&P, PSNH and WMECO. NUSCO provides centralized accounting, administrative, engineering, financial, information technology, legal, operational, planning, purchasing, and other services to NU's companies. RRR, Renewable Properties, Inc. and Properties, Inc., three other NU subsidiaries, construct, acquire or lease some of the property and facilities used by NU's companies.

 

As of both December 31, 2011 and 2010, CL&P, PSNH and WMECO had long-term receivables from NUSCO in the amount of $25 million, $3.8 million and $5.5 million, respectively, which are included in Other Long-Term Assets on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets related to the funding of investments held in trust by NUSCO in connection with certain postretirement benefits for CL&P, PSNH and WMECO employees. These amounts have been eliminated in consolidation on the NU financial statements.

 

Included in the CL&P, PSNH and WMECO consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2011 and 2010 are Accounts Receivable from Affiliated Companies and Accounts Payable to Affiliated Companies relating to transactions between CL&P, PSNH and WMECO and other subsidiaries that are wholly owned by NU. These amounts have been eliminated in consolidation on the NU financial statements.

 

The NU Foundation is an independent not-for-profit charitable entity designed to fund initiatives or entities that emphasize economic development, workforce training and education, and a clean and healthy environment. The board of directors of the NU Foundation consists of certain NU officers. The NU Foundation is not included in the consolidated financial statements of NU as it is a not-for-profit entity and the Company does not have title to the NU Foundation's assets and cannot receive contributions back from the NU Foundation. NU did not make any contributions to the NU Foundation in 2011 or 2009. NU, CL&P, PSNH and WMECO recorded aggregate contributions to the NU Foundation of $2 million in 2010.