GOODWILL AND OTHER IDENTIFIABLE INTANGIBLE ASSETS

The change in the carrying amount of goodwill for fiscal 2018 and 2017 was as follows:



	Grocery & Snacks			Refrigerated & Frozen		International			Foodservice		Total
Balance as of May 29, 2016	$	2,273.1		$	1,028.9	$	442.8		$	571.1	$	4,315.9
Impairment	—			—		(198.9		)	—		(198.9		)
Acquisitions	166.0			8.3		—			—		174.3
Currency translation	—			0.1		3.9			—		4.0
Balance as of May 28, 2017	$	2,439.1		$	1,037.3	$	247.8		$	571.1	$	4,295.3
Acquisitions	155.2			57.8		—			—		213.0
Purchase accounting adjustments	(1.5		)	—		—			—		(1.5		)
Currency translation	—			0.6		(4.9		)	—		(4.3		)
Balance as of May 27, 2018	$	2,592.8		$	1,095.7	$	242.9		$	571.1	$	4,502.5

Other identifiable intangible assets were as follows:



	2018				2017
	Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization
Non-amortizing intangible assets	$	918.3	$	—	$	829.7	$	—
Amortizing intangible assets	579.4		213.2		573.5		179.5
	$	1,497.7	$	213.2	$	1,403.2	$	179.5

During fiscal 2018, we reclassified $3.0 million and $9.2 million of goodwill and other identifiable intangible assets, respectively, to noncurrent assets held for sale for all periods presented in conjunction with the then pending divestitures of the Del Monte^® processed fruit and vegetable business in Canada and our Wesson^® oil business.

During fiscal 2018, as a result of our annual impairment test for indefinite lived intangibles, we recognized impairment charges of $4.0 million for our HK Anderson^®, Red Fork^®, and Salpica^® brands in our Grocery & Snacks segment. We also recognized an impairment charge of $0.8 million for our Aylmer^® brand in our International segment.

In the first quarter of fiscal 2017, in anticipation of the Spinoff, we changed our reporting segments. In accordance with applicable accounting guidance, we were required to determine new reporting units at a lower level (at the operating segment or one level lower, as applicable). When such a determination was made, we were required to perform a goodwill impairment analysis for each of the new reporting units.

We performed an assessment of impairment of goodwill for the new Canadian reporting unit within the new International reporting segment. Estimating the fair value of individual reporting units requires us to make assumptions and estimates regarding our future plans and future industry and economic conditions. We estimated the future cash flows of the Canadian reporting unit and calculated the net present value of those estimated cash flows using a risk adjusted discount rate, in order to estimate the fair value of each reporting unit from the perspective of a market participant. We used discount rates and terminal growth rates of 7.5% and 2%, respectively, to calculate the present value of estimated future cash flows. We then compared the estimated fair value of the reporting unit to the historical carrying value (including allocated assets and liabilities of certain shared and Corporate functions), and determined that the fair value of the reporting unit was less than the carrying value in the first quarter of fiscal 2017. With the assistance of a third-party valuation specialist, we estimated the fair value of the assets and liabilities of this reporting unit in order to determine the implied fair value of goodwill. We recognized an impairment charge for the difference between the implied fair value of goodwill and the carrying value of goodwill. Accordingly, during the first quarter of fiscal 2017, we recorded charges totaling $139.2 million for the impairment of goodwill.

As part of the assessment of the fair value of each asset and liability within the Canadian reporting unit, with the assistance of the third-party valuation specialist, we estimated the fair value of our Canadian Del Monte^® brand to be less than its carrying value. In accordance with applicable accounting guidance, we also recognized an impairment charge during the first quarter of fiscal 2017 of $24.4 million to write-down the intangible asset to its estimated fair value.

We also performed an assessment of impairment of goodwill for the new Mexican reporting unit within the International reporting segment using similar methods to those described above. We used discount rates and terminal growth rates of 8.5% and 3%, respectively, to calculate the present value of estimated future cash flows. We determined that the estimated fair value of this reporting unit exceeded the carrying value of its net assets by approximately 5%. Accordingly, we did not recognize an impairment of the goodwill in the Mexican reporting unit.

During the second quarter of fiscal 2017, as a result of further deterioration in forecasted sales and profits primarily due to foreign exchange rates, we performed an additional assessment of impairment of goodwill for the new Mexican reporting unit. We used discount rates and terminal growth rates of 8.5% and 3%, respectively, to calculate the present value of estimated future cash flows. We then compared the estimated fair value of the reporting unit to the historical carrying value (including allocated assets and liabilities of certain shared and Corporate functions), and determined that the fair value of the reporting unit was less than the carrying value in the second quarter of fiscal 2017. With the assistance of a third-party valuation specialist, we estimated the fair value of the assets and liabilities of this reporting unit in order to determine the implied fair value of goodwill. We recognized an impairment charge for the difference between the implied fair value of goodwill and the carrying value of goodwill. Accordingly, during the second quarter of fiscal 2017, we recorded charges totaling $43.9 million for the impairment of goodwill.

During the fourth quarter of fiscal 2017, in conjunction with our annual impairment testing, we adopted ASU 2017-04, Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment. As a result of further deterioration in forecasted sales and profits, we performed an additional assessment of impairment of goodwill for the new Mexican reporting unit. We used discount rates and terminal growth rates of 9.0% and 3%, respectively, to calculate the present value of estimated future cash flows. We then compared the estimated fair value of the reporting unit to the historical carrying value (including allocated assets and liabilities of certain shared and Corporate functions), and determined that the fair value of the reporting unit was less than the carrying value in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2017. With the assistance of a third-party valuation specialist, we estimated the fair value of the reporting unit. We recognized an impairment charge of $15.8 million, equal to the difference between the carrying value and estimated fair value of the reporting unit.

In fiscal 2017, due to declining sales of certain brands, we elected to perform a quantitative impairment test for indefinite lived intangibles of those brands. During fiscal 2017, we recognized impairment charges of $7.1 million for our Del Monte^® brand and $5.5 million for our Aylmer^® brand in our International segment. We also recognized impairment charges of $67.1 million for our Chef Boyardee^® brand and $1.1 million for our Fiddle Faddle^® brand in our Grocery & Snacks segment.

During fiscal 2016, we also elected to perform a quantitative impairment test for indefinite lived intangibles and recognized an impairment charge of $50.1 million in our Grocery & Snacks segment for our Chef Boyardee^® brand.

See Note 6 for a discussion of impairments related to discontinued operations.

Non-amortizing intangible assets are comprised of brands and trademarks.

Amortizing intangible assets, carrying a remaining weighted average life of approximately 14 years, are principally composed of customer relationships, licensing arrangements, and acquired intellectual property. For fiscal 2018, 2017, and 2016, we recognized amortization expense of $34.9 million, $33.6 million, and $34.6 million, respectively. Based on amortizing assets recognized in our Consolidated Balance Sheet as of May 27, 2018, amortization expense is estimated to average $32.8 million for each of the next five years, with a high expense of $33.3 million in fiscal year 2019 and decreasing to a low expense of $30.9 million in fiscal year 2023.

In the first quarter of fiscal 2016, we entered into an agreement for the use of certain intellectual property and recorded an amortizing intangible asset of $92.8 million, for which cash payments of $14.4 million, $14.9 million, and $10.4 million were made in the first quarter of fiscal 2018, 2017, and 2016, respectively. Remaining payments will be made over a four-year period.