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Reserve for Loss and Loss Expense (Tables)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Insurance Loss Reserves [Abstract]  
Schedule of Roll Forward of Reserve for Loss and Loss Expense
($ in thousands)202320222021
Gross reserves for loss and loss expense, at beginning of year$5,144,821 4,580,903 4,260,355 
Less: reinsurance recoverable on unpaid loss and loss expense, at beginning of year
757,513 578,641 554,269 
Net reserves for loss and loss expense, at beginning of year4,387,308 4,002,262 3,706,086 
Incurred loss and loss expense for claims occurring in the:   
Current year2,474,331 2,190,668 1,896,837 
Prior years9,954 (78,890)(82,853)
Total incurred loss and loss expense2,484,285 2,111,778 1,813,984 
Paid loss and loss expense for claims occurring in the:   
Current year922,641 768,583 676,331 
Prior years1,230,642 958,149 841,477 
Total paid loss and loss expense2,153,283 1,726,732 1,517,808 
Net reserves for loss and loss expense, at end of year4,718,310 4,387,308 4,002,262 
Add: Reinsurance recoverable on unpaid loss and loss expense, at end of year618,601 757,513 578,641 
Gross reserves for loss and loss expense at end of year$5,336,911 5,144,821 4,580,903 
Schedule of (Favorable)/ Unfavorable Prior Year Development
(Favorable)/Unfavorable Prior Year Development
($ in millions)202320222021
General Liability$55.0 (5.0)(29.0)
Commercial Automobile8.0 22.5 13.3 
Workers Compensation(74.5)(70.0)(58.0)
Businessowners' Policies7.6 (7.3)(0.4)
Commercial Property0.7 (1.6)(2.6)
Bonds— (10.0)— 
Homeowners4.6 (0.6)1.8 
Personal Automobile15.3 0.5 (0.2)
E&S Casualty Lines(5.0)(5.0)(7.0)
E&S Property Lines(1.6)(2.5)(0.8)
Other(0.1)0.1 — 
Total$10.0 (78.9)(82.9)
Schedule of Exposure to Various Asbestos and Environmental Claims
 2023
($ in millions)GrossNet
Asbestos$4.9 3.5 
Landfill sites11.4 7.5 
Underground storage tanks10.1 8.1 
Total$26.4 19.1 
Schedule of Roll Forward of Gross and Net Asbestos and Environmental Incurred Losses and Loss Expenses and Related Reserves
 202320222021
($ in thousands)GrossNetGrossNetGrossNet
Asbestos      
Reserves for loss and loss expense at beginning of year$5,891 4,660 6,115 4,884 6,254 5,023 
Incurred loss and loss expense603 515 8 8 51 51 
Less: loss and loss expense paid(1,638)(1,638)(232)(232)(190)(190)
Reserves for loss and loss expense at the end of year$4,856 3,537 5,891 4,660 6,115 4,884 
Environmental      
Reserves for loss and loss expense at beginning of year$21,877 15,669 21,658 16,191 22,276 16,398 
Incurred loss and loss expense461 233 696 (213)(613)(14)
Less: loss and loss expense paid(785)(296)(477)(309)(5)(193)
Reserves for loss and loss expense at the end of year$21,553 15,606 21,877 15,669 21,658 16,191 
Total Asbestos and Environmental Claims      
Reserves for loss and loss expense at beginning of year$27,768 20,329 27,773 21,075 28,530 21,421 
Incurred loss and loss expense1,064 748 704 (205)(562)37 
Less: loss and loss expense paid(2,423)(1,934)(709)(541)(195)(383)
Reserves for loss and loss expense at the end of year$26,409 19,143 27,768 20,329 27,773 21,075 
Schedule of Short-duration Insurance Contracts, Claims Development
All Lines
(in thousands, except for claim counts)
As of
December 31, 2023
Incurred Loss and Allocated Loss Expenses, Net of Reinsurance
Accident YearUnauditedIBNRCumulative Number of Reported Claims
2014201520162017201820192020202120222023
2014$1,107,513 1,133,798 1,146,990 1,124,014 1,104,218 1,100,208 1,089,529 1,094,367 1,090,345 1,087,700 33,872 95,785
20151,114,081 1,130,513 1,144,830 1,138,313 1,119,441 1,108,860 1,103,592 1,103,543 1,105,039 38,133 95,468
20161,188,608 1,203,634 1,227,142 1,199,734 1,180,829 1,171,273 1,167,539 1,163,467 47,702 96,324
20171,270,110 1,313,372 1,313,585 1,288,526 1,268,941 1,273,039 1,287,882 63,595 100,292
20181,413,800 1,461,603 1,457,415 1,441,303 1,425,540 1,424,953 98,900 107,541
20191,483,945 1,523,041 1,526,566 1,529,859 1,523,313 169,855 104,668
20201,591,972 1,587,6071,550,195 1,531,446 243,526 95,537
20211,784,661 1,781,054 1,774,984 438,488 99,553
20222,073,343 2,096,742 690,322 105,549
20232,337,320 1,169,504 101,414
Total15,332,846 

All Lines
(in thousands)
Cumulative Paid Loss and Allocated Loss Expenses, Net of Reinsurance
Accident YearUnaudited
2014201520162017201820192020202120222023
2014$405,898 614,075 736,154 855,959 936,425 981,868 1,002,157 1,020,961 1,032,400 1,040,893 
2015376,641 581,203 725,385 845,868 929,222 967,857 1,000,509 1,018,023 1,032,064 
2016387,272 617,958 764,331 892,390 983,852 1,025,264 1,061,952 1,088,453 
2017433,440 678,453 829,134 954,792 1,050,258 1,116,336 1,180,346 
2018511,271 779,466 942,893 1,083,556 1,187,744 1,252,623 
2019510,091 781,462 949,996 1,109,628 1,247,100 
2020572,302 831,976 988,463 1,152,227 
2021609,889 934,965 1,134,930 
2022699,789 1,155,527 
2023843,967 
Total11,128,130 
All outstanding liabilities before 2014, net of reinsurance
361,321 
Liabilities for loss and loss expenses, net of reinsurance4,566,037 
General Liability
(in thousands, except for claim counts)
As of
December 31, 2023
Incurred Loss and Allocated Loss Expenses, Net of Reinsurance
Accident YearUnauditedIBNRCumulative Number of Reported Claims
2014201520162017201820192020202120222023
2014$244,312 249,946 257,132 239,333 234,082 237,125 229,679 230,247 228,933 226,407 13,296 10,725
2015254,720 245,710 246,990 233,249 219,204 214,176 211,768 210,137 213,653 16,595 10,596
2016277,214 272,048 277,986 263,245 252,733 246,643 243,669 244,782 22,161 10,900
2017293,747 293,128 301,384 289,883 278,607 283,379 293,448 33,861 11,426
2018317,934 336,326 345,224 332,013 324,567 329,102 57,847 11,924
2019347,150 356,363 358,301 366,184 362,139 98,841 11,767
2020361,554 360,302 352,834 361,163 142,886 10,050
2021422,748 414,279 414,204 209,078 10,916
2022482,590 482,279 308,245 11,275
2023541,559 453,175 9,213
Total3,468,736 

General Liability
(in thousands)
Cumulative Paid Loss and Allocated Loss Expenses, Net of Reinsurance
Accident YearUnaudited
2014201520162017201820192020202120222023
2014$14,901 46,825 79,972 121,969 154,957 179,192 187,352 198,772 204,212 208,521 
201514,665 39,978 78,668 116,804 144,216 157,071 173,697 179,117 186,336 
201615,684 46,549 89,431 133,757 164,136 181,770 199,032 211,725 
201717,366 49,470 92,355 131,980 167,002 201,948 241,879 
201819,531 60,784 108,421 155,538 197,286 236,812 
201918,097 58,284 100,206 160,680 213,020 
202021,858 58,699 100,356 159,209 
202128,069 71,664 131,157 
202231,502 93,422 
202330,743 
Total1,712,824 
All outstanding liabilities before 2014, net of reinsurance
119,032 
Liabilities for loss and loss expenses, net of reinsurance1,874,944 

Workers Compensation
(in thousands, except for claim counts)
As of
December 31, 2023
Incurred Loss and Allocated Loss Expenses, Net of Reinsurance
Accident YearUnauditedIBNRCumulative Number of Reported Claims
2014201520162017201820192020202120222023
2014$199,346 187,065 182,579 172,515 164,420 160,646 159,604 161,021 158,479 156,750 15,581 10,495
2015193,729 194,639 183,604 179,642 176,242 172,572 170,577 169,008 166,042 15,698 10,554
2016196,774 184,946 176,248 166,009 156,540 155,210 151,961 147,732 17,164 10,587
2017195,202 184,306 175,853 162,672 154,159 151,221 148,949 16,019 10,814
2018193,894 193,818 181,151 173,428 167,974 163,884 20,739 11,136
2019188,625 188,596 174,912 164,940 159,225 22,629 10,330
2020168,643 168,594 159,229 143,384 21,785 7,551
2021185,198 185,151 173,784 52,182 8,580
2022207,206 207,156 70,491 8,963
2023204,240 106,226 8,331
Total1,671,146 
Workers Compensation
(in thousands)
Cumulative Paid Loss and Allocated Loss Expenses, Net of Reinsurance
Accident YearUnaudited
2014201520162017201820192020202120222023
2014$35,924 78,944 100,876 113,626 119,392 124,077 127,858 130,726 132,809 134,338 
201533,857 77,320 98,195 112,601 120,097 124,046 129,019 132,235 133,272 
201634,525 78,531 98,037 109,166 115,159 119,800 122,186 123,232 
201740,375 82,216 100,645 110,645 116,426 120,468 123,573 
201841,122 84,780 105,903 119,904 126,206 129,869 
201937,826 77,878 100,812 112,649 119,875 
202029,559 68,277 87,211 102,142 
202132,918 76,015 96,674 
202245,814 99,894 
202349,253 
Total1,112,122 
All outstanding liabilities before 2014, net of reinsurance
208,760 
Liabilities for loss and loss expenses, net of reinsurance767,784 

Commercial Automobile
(in thousands, except for claim counts)
As of
December 31, 2023
Incurred Loss and Allocated Loss Expenses, Net of Reinsurance
Accident YearUnauditedIBNRCumulative Number of Reported Claims
2014201520162017201820192020202120222023
2014$200,534 212,725 216,824 219,925 218,172 217,334 216,461 214,992 214,816 215,073 276 28,447
2015220,994 240,958 253,074 259,495 260,565 261,386 262,054 262,766 263,115 470 30,332
2016255,187 274,367 285,302 285,304 290,359 291,674 294,297 294,878 1,457 32,324
2017301,274 329,389 324,291 322,197 326,461 325,654 326,832 2,984 33,627
2018347,908 352,487 345,547 350,310 348,202 346,213 5,190 36,286
2019385,212 398,346 404,854 407,051 410,432 16,701 36,653
2020381,654 381,163 375,636 374,293 37,371 30,533
2021483,831 512,673 510,825 92,709 37,184
2022572,421 581,223 170,627 39,879
2023633,529 308,059 36,860
Total3,956,413 

Commercial Automobile
(in thousands)
Cumulative Paid Loss and Allocated Loss Expenses, Net of Reinsurance
Accident YearUnaudited
2014201520162017201820192020202120222023
2014$80,810 117,169 148,884 180,701 202,821 209,655 212,481 213,689 213,847 214,564 
201591,347 132,260 175,866 211,515 238,142 249,905 255,600 257,668 260,328 
2016106,022 155,720 200,701 233,939 264,858 277,242 284,870 288,512 
2017117,287 178,823 220,422 262,349 296,600 309,810 318,047 
2018134,867 193,788 243,713 291,725 319,819 330,584 
2019149,538 221,590 283,410 331,152 376,550 
2020139,016 198,034 254,365 306,355 
2021187,200 283,411 352,383 
2022216,180 336,516 
2023237,931 
Total3,021,770 
All outstanding liabilities before 2014, net of reinsurance
5,001 
Liabilities for loss and loss expenses, net of reinsurance939,644 
Businessowners' Policies
(in thousands, except for claim counts)
As of
December 31, 2023
Incurred Loss and Allocated Loss Expenses, Net of Reinsurance
Accident YearUnauditedIBNRCumulative Number of Reported Claims
2014201520162017201820192020202120222023
2014$55,962 60,949 62,548 59,806 58,517 58,093 57,302 57,483 57,355 57,649 (21)4,067
201552,871 53,768 57,245 55,925 54,454 52,325 52,200 52,514 51,457 24 3,971
201652,335 53,792 54,993 53,835 53,367 53,147 53,201 52,930 280 3,857
201746,624 48,698 51,524 48,067 43,606 42,374 42,408 416 3,897
201855,024 57,202 62,427 60,393 56,625 55,586 1,169 4,264
201953,531 59,466 64,667 65,762 64,721 3,129 3,650
202071,836 73,680 73,077 73,320 2,777 5,443
202166,312 63,648 72,231 11,352 3,520
202286,194 89,025 16,496 3,750
202380,943 23,721 3,129
Total640,270 

Businessowners' Policies
(in thousands)
Cumulative Paid Loss and Allocated Loss Expenses, Net of Reinsurance
Accident YearUnaudited
2014201520162017201820192020202120222023
2014$28,914 40,584 44,911 49,460 52,940 55,458 55,708 55,729 56,861 57,670 
201524,189 36,014 42,710 46,571 49,073 49,839 50,005 51,120 51,308 
201624,655 36,848 39,973 45,308 48,786 50,536 52,070 52,427 
201721,865 31,337 36,950 40,359 39,940 40,845 41,217 
201829,995 39,791 44,316 48,144 51,239 52,496 
201927,718 41,587 46,113 52,887 60,076 
202043,376 57,210 60,596 66,478 
202134,412 47,436 54,651 
202236,421 66,581 
202345,021 
Total547,925 
All outstanding liabilities before 2014, net of reinsurance
9,256 
Liabilities for loss and loss expenses, net of reinsurance101,601 

Commercial Property
(in thousands, except for claim counts)
As of
December 31, 2023
Incurred Loss and Allocated Loss Expenses, Net of Reinsurance
Accident YearUnauditedIBNRCumulative Number of Reported Claims
2014201520162017201820192020202120222023
2014$141,192 136,249 136,820 138,751 138,155 136,212 136,237 136,151 136,112 136,370 8 6,517
2015110,270 109,513 111,750 111,566 112,496 112,582 112,937 112,915 112,974 8 6,407
2016121,927 126,185 125,937 124,487 123,567 123,005 123,126 123,067 16 6,743
2017138,773 149,106 149,044 153,664 154,119 154,942 155,408 22 6,907
2018183,177 190,834 192,558 194,016 196,413 196,527 40 8,294
2019173,826 177,075 179,574 180,605 180,832 88 7,315
2020232,060 225,278 226,107 226,915 1,345 10,155
2021246,319 239,822 237,831 859 7,983
2022297,318 296,974 4,467 8,828
2023341,585 53,704 7,129
Total2,008,483 
Commercial Property
(in thousands)
Cumulative Paid Loss and Allocated Loss Expenses, Net of Reinsurance
Accident YearUnaudited
2014201520162017201820192020202120222023
2014$101,131 132,909 136,634 137,883 137,418 136,008 135,928 136,141 136,107 136,362 
201579,048 106,182 109,829 110,994 110,969 112,117 112,410 112,391 112,568 
201683,966 118,789 122,930 123,828 123,601 122,909 123,265 123,203 
201799,047 142,338 148,589 152,018 153,750 154,689 155,236 
2018135,416 184,813 192,698 193,487 196,376 196,605 
2019130,891 172,768 177,825 179,538 180,179 
2020164,613 215,107 220,953 223,902 
2021161,757 227,259 235,217 
2022186,677 285,250 
2023226,872 
Total1,875,394 
All outstanding liabilities before 2014, net of reinsurance
323 
Liabilities for loss and loss expenses, net of reinsurance133,412 

Personal Automobile
(in thousands, except for claim counts)
As of
December 31, 2023
Incurred Loss and Allocated Loss Expenses, Net of Reinsurance
Accident YearUnauditedIBNRCumulative Number of Reported Claims
2014201520162017201820192020202120222023
2014$102,250 109,325 106,757 107,452 106,821 107,104 107,106 107,566 107,543 107,390 8 22,510
201596,387 99,698 100,214 99,570 98,718 98,588 98,596 98,669 98,939 53 20,866
201692,727 98,032 100,202 101,140 99,544 99,858 100,395 100,458 113 19,827
2017101,880 105,139 103,653 103,260 103,557 105,079 105,243 435 20,751
2018111,594 113,569 112,030 112,418 113,647 113,037 781 22,685
2019114,043 115,688 115,993 118,669 119,632 1,871 22,872
202095,625 94,532 90,179 89,027 2,537 17,548
2021108,244 102,777 105,088 5,963 19,730
2022121,030 133,623 16,991 21,262
2023172,104 45,030 25,893
Total1,144,541 

Personal Automobile
(in thousands)
Cumulative Paid Loss and Allocated Loss Expenses, Net of Reinsurance
Accident YearUnaudited
2014201520162017201820192020202120222023
2014$62,519 83,739 92,589 99,173 104,055 105,709 106,478 107,108 107,325 107,381 
201558,725 76,470 87,163 92,102 95,997 97,275 97,761 97,920 98,483 
201657,961 76,823 86,752 94,372 98,080 98,977 99,656 100,315 
201762,854 82,730 91,479 97,628 100,521 103,556 104,114 
201869,721 89,628 99,982 107,026 109,644 110,894 
201969,699 92,162 102,930 109,844 115,919 
202053,407 68,691 76,710 83,137 
202165,325 84,743 94,480 
202275,994 107,778 
2023102,642 
Total1,025,143 
All outstanding liabilities before 2014, net of reinsurance
6,542 
Liabilities for loss and loss expenses, net of reinsurance125,940 
Homeowners
(in thousands, except for claim counts)
As of
December 31, 2023
Incurred Loss and Allocated Loss Expenses, Net of Reinsurance
Accident YearUnauditedIBNRCumulative Number of Reported Claims
2014201520162017201820192020202120222023
2014$80,111 82,461 83,637 83,844 83,539 83,824 83,525 83,830 83,819 83,796 37 8,776
201576,637 76,400 76,559 74,723 74,978 74,673 74,682 74,237 74,265 44 7,754
201660,105 60,931 62,391 61,723 61,735 60,855 60,841 60,453 45 6,896
201759,167 67,978 70,365 70,064 68,938 68,902 68,919 463 7,391
201862,961 68,526 69,832 68,931 68,416 68,581 757 7,609
201964,306 72,772 73,816 73,070 72,856 1,061 7,010
2020109,033 112,523 113,804 112,590 1,345 9,835
202182,425 83,295 84,189 3,612 6,919
202293,826 100,389 5,017 6,869
2023137,029 24,058 7,051
Total863,067 

Homeowners
(in thousands)
Cumulative Paid Loss and Allocated Loss Expenses, Net of Reinsurance
Accident YearUnaudited
2014201520162017201820192020202120222023
2014$61,561 76,007 79,751 81,664 82,583 82,836 82,831 83,321 83,782 83,782 
201552,589 70,078 72,202 72,927 74,079 74,052 74,096 74,108 74,108 
201642,252 57,333 59,546 60,082 61,187 60,449 60,474 60,480 
201745,466 63,290 67,193 67,767 68,078 68,282 68,454 
201849,430 64,137 65,348 66,634 67,739 67,726 
201949,680 67,631 69,911 70,880 71,603 
202083,838 105,690 109,145 110,578 
202159,054 77,018 79,399 
202268,832 91,788 
2023101,952 
Total809,870 
All outstanding liabilities before 2014, net of reinsurance
5,137 
Liabilities for loss and loss expenses, net of reinsurance58,334 

E&S Casualty Lines
(in thousands, except for claim counts)
As of
December 31, 2023
Incurred Loss and Allocated Loss Expenses, Net of Reinsurance
Accident YearUnauditedIBNRCumulative Number of Reported Claims
2014201520162017201820192020202120222023
2014$55,316 63,505 69,929 71,719 71,206 71,153 70,846 74,270 74,538 75,436 4,631 1,888
201575,498 76,432 82,404 90,488 90,355 90,126 87,662 90,263 91,424 5,159 2,899
201694,451 96,416 104,655 105,120 104,730 102,476 101,873 101,105 6,299 3,015
201791,438 95,783 99,866 99,395 99,960 102,045 106,663 9,143 2,866
201898,324 103,004 103,184 104,983 105,756 106,490 12,001 2,843
2019117,087 118,298 117,736 117,113 114,802 23,476 2,752
2020103,872 103,137 95,832 91,077 30,090 1,891
2021128,099 125,436 120,191 60,356 1,991
2022146,999 145,918 96,255 1,944
2023157,260 137,488 1,242
Total1,110,366 
E&S Casualty Lines
(in thousands)
Cumulative Paid Loss and Allocated Loss Expenses, Net of Reinsurance
Accident
Year		Unaudited
2014201520162017201820192020202120222023
2014$2,353 12,234 25,571 43,877 53,780 60,092 64,698 66,661 68,648 69,498 
20153,036 13,057 29,389 50,712 64,529 71,421 75,844 81,396 83,587 
20163,720 16,195 33,950 56,581 69,448 75,004 81,932 90,665 
20175,057 14,672 34,179 53,238 68,266 77,090 88,294 
20185,509 21,337 39,174 57,962 73,605 82,549 
20194,422 17,812 35,844 57,701 73,779 
20203,695 13,064 27,861 46,349 
20214,326 15,835 37,213 
20224,198 21,618 
20234,887 
Total598,439 
All outstanding liabilities before 2014, net of reinsurance
6,061 
Liabilities for loss and loss expenses, net of reinsurance517,988 
Schedule of Short-duration Insurance Contracts, Reconciliation of Claims Development to Liability
(in thousands)December 31, 2023
Net outstanding liabilities:
Standard Commercial Lines
General liability$1,874,944 
Workers compensation767,784 
Commercial automobile939,644 
Businessowners' policies101,601 
Commercial property133,412 
Other Standard Commercial Lines18,637 
Total Standard Commercial Lines net outstanding liabilities3,836,022 
Standard Personal Lines
Personal automobile125,940 
Homeowners 58,334 
Other Standard Personal Lines14,178 
Total Standard Personal Lines net outstanding liabilities198,452 
E&S Lines
Casualty lines517,988 
Property lines13,575 
Total E&S Lines net outstanding liabilities531,563 
Total liabilities for unpaid loss and loss expenses, net of reinsurance4,566,037 
Reinsurance recoverable on unpaid claims:
Standard Commercial Lines
General liability255,493 
Workers compensation203,982 
Commercial automobile15,683 
Businessowners' policies5,252 
Commercial property39,152 
Other Standard Commercial Lines10,241 
Total Standard Commercial Lines reinsurance recoverable on unpaid loss529,803 
Standard Personal Lines
Personal automobile38,273 
Homeowners 1,647 
Other Standard Personal Lines32,736 
Total Standard Personal Lines reinsurance recoverable on unpaid loss72,656 
E&S Lines
Casualty lines15,686 
Property lines456 
Total E&S Lines reinsurance recoverable on unpaid loss16,142 
Total reinsurance recoverable on unpaid loss618,601 
Unallocated loss expenses152,273 
Total gross liability for unpaid loss and loss expenses$5,336,911 
Schedule of Short-duration Insurance Contracts, Schedule of Historical Claims Duration
Average Annual Percentage Payout of Incurred Claims by Age, Net of Reinsurance
Years12345678910
General liability6.2%11.914.416.614.010.48.44.12.73.4
Workers compensation22.826.713.29.24.22.92.20.90.33.2
Commercial automobile36.817.514.213.010.03.82.10.90.80.6
Businessowners’ policies49.521.48.28.95.12.81.50.70.40.2
Commercial property68.826.33.11.00.50.10.10.10.10.1
Personal automobile59.419.08.95.93.71.50.70.50.20.1
Homeowners70.722.03.61.61.20.30.20.10.10.1
E&S Lines - casualty3.811.617.320.914.48.46.85.92.20.9