Fair Value Measurements

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2022

The Company uses fair value measurements to record fair value adjustments to certain financial and nonfinancial assets and liabilities and to determine fair value disclosures. Various financial instruments such as available for sale debt securities, equity securities, trading debt securities, certain investments relating to private equity activities, and derivatives are recorded at fair value on a recurring basis. Additionally, from time to time, the Company may be required to record at fair value other assets and liabilities on a nonrecurring basis, such as mortgage servicing rights and certain other investment securities. These nonrecurring fair value adjustments typically involve lower of cost or fair value accounting or write-downs of individual assets.

Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Depending on the nature of the asset or liability, the Company uses various valuation techniques and assumptions when estimating fair value. For accounting disclosure purposes, a three-level valuation hierarchy of fair value measurements has been established. The valuation hierarchy is based upon the transparency of inputs to the valuation of an asset or liability as of the measurement date. The three levels are defined as follows:

•Level 1 – inputs to the valuation methodology are quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in active markets.

•Level 2 – inputs to the valuation methodology include quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar assets and liabilities in markets that are not active, and inputs that are observable for the assets or liabilities, either directly or indirectly (such as interest rates, yield curves, and prepayment speeds).

•Level 3 – inputs to the valuation methodology are unobservable and significant to the fair value. These may be internally developed, using the Company’s best information and assumptions that a market participant would consider.

The valuation methodologies for assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring and non-recurring basis are described in the Fair Value Measurements note in the Company's 2021 Annual Report on Form 10-K. There have been no significant changes in these methodologies since then.

Instruments Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis

The table below presents the September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 carrying values of assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis. There were no transfers among levels during the first nine months of 2022 or the year ended December 31, 2021.


			Fair Value Measurements Using
(In thousands)	Total Fair Value		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
September 30, 2022
Assets:
Residential mortgage loans held for sale	$	1,426	$	—	$	1,426	$	—
Available for sale debt securities:
U.S. government and federal agency obligations	1,036,325		1,036,325		—		—
Government-sponsored enterprise obligations	43,175		—		43,175		—
State and municipal obligations	1,803,253		—		1,801,395		1,858
Agency mortgage-backed securities	4,445,519		—		4,445,519		—
Non-agency mortgage-backed securities	1,235,584		—		1,235,584		—
Asset-backed securities	3,558,287		—		3,558,287		—
Other debt securities	510,367		—		510,367		—
Trading debt securities	39,222		—		39,222		—
Equity securities	6,106		6,106		—		—
Private equity investments	176,341		—		—		176,341
Derivatives *	38,460		—		38,419		41
Assets held in trust for deferred compensation plan	16,588		16,588		—		—
Total assets	12,910,653		1,059,019		11,673,394		178,240
Liabilities:
Derivatives *	55,768		—		55,669		99
Liabilities held in trust for deferred compensation plan	16,588		16,588		—		—
Total liabilities	$	72,356	$	16,588	$	55,669	$	99
December 31, 2021
Assets:
Residential mortgage loans held for sale	$	5,570	$	—	$	5,570	$	—
Available for sale debt securities:
U.S. government and federal agency obligations	1,080,720		1,080,720		—		—
Government-sponsored enterprise obligations	51,755		—		51,755		—
State and municipal obligations	2,096,827		—		2,094,843		1,984
Agency mortgage-backed securities	5,683,000		—		5,683,000		—
Non-agency mortgage-backed securities	1,366,477		—		1,366,477		—
Asset-backed securities	3,539,219		—		3,539,219		—
Other debt securities	632,029		—		632,029		—
Trading debt securities	46,235		—		46,235		—
Equity securities	7,153		7,153		—		—
Private equity investments	147,406		—		—		147,406
Derivatives *	41,842		—		40,994		848
Assets held in trust for deferred compensation plan	21,794		21,794		—		—
Total assets	14,720,027		1,109,667		13,460,122		150,238
Liabilities:
Derivatives *	12,101		—		11,824		277
Liabilities held in trust for deferred compensation plan	21,794		21,794		—		—
Total liabilities	$	33,895	$	21,794	$	11,824	$	277

* The fair value of each class of derivative is shown in Note 11.

The changes in Level 3 assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis are summarized as follows:


	Fair Value Measurements Using Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
(In thousands)	State and Municipal Obligations		Private Equity Investments		Derivatives		Total
For the three months ended September 30, 2022
Balance June 30, 2022	$	1,816	$	161,771	$	154	$	163,741
Total gains or losses (realized/unrealized):
Included in earnings	—		14,050		(108)		13,942
Included in other comprehensive income *	40		—		—		40

Discount accretion	2		—		—		2
Purchases of private equity investments	—		899		—		899
Sale/pay down of private equity investments	—		(423)		—		(423)
Capitalized interest/dividends	—		44		—		44

Sale of risk participation agreements	—		—		(104)		(104)
Balance September 30, 2022	$	1,858	$	176,341	$	(58)	$	178,141
Total gains or losses for the three months included in earnings attributable to the change in unrealized gains or losses relating to assets still held at September 30, 2022	$	—	$	14,050	$	122	$	14,172
*Total gains or losses for the three months included in other comprehensive income attributable to the change in unrealized gains or losses relating to assets still held at September 30, 2022	$	40	$	—	$	—	$	40
For the nine months ended September 30, 2022
Balance January 1, 2022	$	1,984	$	147,406	$	571	$	149,961
Total gains or losses (realized/unrealized):
Included in earnings	—		37,133		(734)		36,399
Included in other comprehensive income *	(130)		—		—		(130)

Discount accretion	4		—		—		4
Purchases of private equity investments	—		2,021		—		2,021
Sale/pay down of private equity investments	—		(10,263)		—		(10,263)
Capitalized interest/dividends	—		44		—		44
Purchase of risk participation agreement	—		—		459		459
Sale of risk participation agreement	—		—		(354)		(354)
Balance September 30, 2022	$	1,858	$	176,341	$	(58)	$	178,141
Total gains or losses for the nine months included in earnings attributable to the change in unrealized gains or losses relating to assets still held at September 30, 2022	$	—	$	37,083	$	28	$	37,111
*Total gains or losses for the nine months included in other comprehensive income attributable to the change in unrealized gains or losses relating to assets still held at September 30, 2022	$	(130)	$	—	$	—	$	(130)


	Fair Value Measurements Using Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
(In thousands)	State and Municipal Obligations		Private Equity Investments		Derivatives		Total
For the three months ended September 30, 2021
Balance June 30, 2021	$	7,991	$	116,246	$	1,629	$	125,866
Total gains or losses (realized/unrealized):
Included in earnings	—		12,971		(262)		12,709
Included in other comprehensive income *	(175)		—		—		(175)
Investment securities called	(6,000)		—		—		(6,000)
Discount accretion	179		—		—		179
Purchases of private equity investments	—		8,835		—		8,835



Sale of risk participation agreement	—		—		(27)		(27)
Balance September 30, 2021	$	1,995	$	138,052	$	1,340	$	141,387
Total gains or losses for the three months included in earnings attributable to the change in unrealized gains or losses relating to assets still held at September 30, 2021	$	—	$	12,971	$	1,557	$	14,528
*Total gains or losses for the three months included in other comprehensive income attributable to the change in unrealized gains or losses relating to assets still held at September 30, 2021	$	2	$	—	$	—	$	2
For the nine months ended September 30, 2021
Balance January 1, 2021	$	7,968	$	94,368	$	2,741	$	105,077
Total gains or losses (realized/unrealized):
Included in earnings	—		38,002		(1,689)		36,313
Included in other comprehensive income *	(158)		—		—		(158)
Investment securities called	(6,000)		—		—		(6,000)
Discount accretion	185		—		—		185
Purchases of private equity investments	—		14,491		—		14,491
Sale/pay down of private equity investments	—		(8,832)		—		(8,832)
Capitalized interest/dividends	—		23		—		23
Purchase of risk participation agreement	—		—		445		445
Sale of risk participation agreement	—		—		(157)		(157)
Balance September 30, 2021	$	1,995	$	138,052	$	1,340	$	141,387
Total gains or losses for the nine months included in earnings attributable to the change in unrealized gains or losses relating to assets still held at September 30, 2021	$	—	$	38,002	$	1,367	$	39,369
*Total gains or losses for the nine months included in other comprehensive income attributable to the change in unrealized gains or losses relating to assets still held at September 30, 2021	$	23	$	—	$	—	$	23

* Included in "net unrealized gains (losses) on available for sale debt securities" in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income.

Gains and losses included in earnings for the Level 3 assets and liabilities in the previous table are reported in the following line items in the consolidated statements of income:


(In thousands)	Loan Fees and Sales		Other Non-Interest Income		Investment Securities Gains (Losses), Net		Total
For the three months ended September 30, 2022
Total gains or losses included in earnings	$	(230)	$	122	$	14,050	$	13,942
Change in unrealized gains or losses relating to assets still held at September 30, 2022	$	—	$	122	$	14,050	$	14,172
For the nine months ended September 30, 2022
Total gains or losses included in earnings	$	(764)	$	30	$	37,133	$	36,399
Change in unrealized gains or losses relating to assets still held at September 30, 2022	$	—	$	28	$	37,083	$	37,111
For the three months ended September 30, 2021
Total gains or losses included in earnings	$	(309)	$	47	$	12,971	$	12,709
Change in unrealized gains or losses relating to assets still held at September 30, 2021	$	1,510	$	47	$	12,971	$	14,528
For the nine months ended September 30, 2021
Total gains or losses included in earnings	$	(1,716)	$	27	$	38,002	$	36,313
Change in unrealized gains or losses relating to assets still held at September 30, 2021	$	1,510	$	(143)	$	38,002	$	39,369

Level 3 Inputs

The Company's significant Level 3 measurements, which employ unobservable inputs that are readily quantifiable, pertain to auction rate securities (ARS), investments in portfolio concerns held by the Company's private equity subsidiaries, and held for sale residential mortgage loan commitments. ARS are included in state and municipal securities and totaled $1.9 million at September 30, 2022, while private equity investments, included in other securities, totaled $176.3 million.

Information about these inputs is presented in the table below.


Quantitative Information about Level 3 Fair Value Measurements						Weighted
	Valuation Technique	Unobservable Input	Range			Average*
Auction rate securities	Discounted cash flow	Estimated market recovery period			5 years	5 years
		Estimated market rate	5.8%	-	6.5%	6.1%
Private equity investments	Market comparable companies	EBITDA multiple	4.0	-	7.0	5.5
Mortgage loan commitments	Discounted cash flow	Probability of funding	87.7%	-	100.0%	91.1%
		Embedded servicing value	1.0%	-	1.5%	1.3%

* Unobservable inputs were weighted by the relative fair value of the instruments.

Instruments Measured at Fair Value on a Nonrecurring Basis

For assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis during the first nine months of 2022 and 2021, and still held as of September 30, 2022 and 2021, the following table provides the adjustments to fair value recognized during the respective periods, the level of valuation inputs used to determine each adjustment, and the carrying value of the related individual assets or portfolios at September 30, 2022 and 2021.


			Fair Value Measurements Using
(In thousands)	Fair Value		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)		Total Gains (Losses) Recognized During the Nine Months Ended September 30
September 30, 2022
Collateral dependent loans	$	200	$	—	$	—	$	200	$	(394)

Mortgage servicing rights	11,228		—		—		11,228		304

Long-lived assets	480		—		—		480		(965)

September 30, 2021
Collateral dependent loans	$	2,057	$	—	$	—	$	2,057	$	(349)
Mortgage servicing rights	9,774		—		—		9,774		1,120

Long- lived assets	1,393		—		—		1,393		(726)

The Company's significant Level 3 measurements that are measured on a nonrecurring basis pertain to the Company's mortgage servicing rights retained on certain fixed rate personal real estate loan originations. Mortgage servicing rights are included in other intangible assets-net on the consolidated balance sheets, and information about these inputs at September 30, 2022 is presented in the table below.


Quantitative Information about Level 3 Fair Value Measurements										Weighted
	Valuation Technique	Unobservable Input	Range							Average*
Mortgage servicing rights	Discounted cash flow	Discount rate	9.51		%	-	9.81		%	9.61		%
		Prepayment speeds (CPR)*	6.25		%	-	6.53		%	6.32		%
		Loan servicing costs - annually per loan
		Performing loans	$	70		-	$	72		$	71
		Delinquent loans	$	200		-	$	750
		Loans in foreclosure	$	1,000

*Ranges and weighted averages based on interest rate tranches.

The significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement of the Company’s mortgage servicing rights are updated periodically for changes in market conditions. Actual rates may differ from our estimates. Increases in prepayment speed and discount rates negatively impact the fair value of our mortgage servicing rights.