-----BEGIN PRIVACY-ENHANCED MESSAGE----- Proc-Type: 2001,MIC-CLEAR Originator-Name: webmaster@www.sec.gov Originator-Key-Asymmetric: MFgwCgYEVQgBAQICAf8DSgAwRwJAW2sNKK9AVtBzYZmr6aGjlWyK3XmZv3dTINen TWSM7vrzLADbmYQaionwg5sDW3P6oaM5D3tdezXMm7z1T+B+twIDAQAB MIC-Info: RSA-MD5,RSA, TGO5Ou1h3bgyzT/NWEOQhrhzbd9YWoeO2RqprJTmHxskQ3tToo0yRqDOlR0Wxqy9 8IemCoEr2Ah+dq2BHpH3Zw== 0001193125-07-095396.txt : 20070430 0001193125-07-095396.hdr.sgml : 20070430 20070430130825 ACCESSION NUMBER: 0001193125-07-095396 CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE: 10-K PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT: 9 CONFORMED PERIOD OF REPORT: 20070131 FILED AS OF DATE: 20070430 DATE AS OF CHANGE: 20070430 FILER: COMPANY DATA: COMPANY CONFORMED NAME: COMARCO INC CENTRAL INDEX KEY: 0000022252 STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION: RADIO & TV BROADCASTING & COMMUNICATIONS EQUIPMENT [3663] IRS NUMBER: 952088894 STATE OF INCORPORATION: CA FISCAL YEAR END: 0131 FILING VALUES: FORM TYPE: 10-K SEC ACT: 1934 Act SEC FILE NUMBER: 000-05449 FILM NUMBER: 07798972 BUSINESS ADDRESS: STREET 1: 25541 COMMERCENTRE DRIVE STREET 2: . CITY: LAKE FOREST STATE: CA ZIP: 92630 BUSINESS PHONE: 949-599-7400 MAIL ADDRESS: STREET 1: 25541 COMMERCENTRE DRIVE STREET 2: . CITY: LAKE FOREST STATE: CA ZIP: 92630 10-K 1 d10k.htm FORM 10-K Form 10-K
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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

 


FORM 10-K

 


(Mark One)

x ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended January 31, 2007

OR

 

¨ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from                      to                     

Commission File Number 0-5449

 


COMARCO, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

 


 

California   95-2088894

(State or Other Jurisdiction

of Incorporation or Organization)

 

(I.R.S. Employer

Identification No.)

25541 Commercentre Drive, Lake Forest, CA   92630
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)   (Zip Code)

 


Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (949) 599-7400

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Common Stock

 


Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.  Yes  ¨  No  x

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.  Yes  ¨  No  x

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.  Yes  x  No  ¨

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K.  x

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, or a non-accelerated filer, (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).

Large accelerated filer  ¨                Accelerated filer  ¨                Non-accelerated filer  x

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).  Yes  ¨  No  x

As of July 31, 2006, the aggregate market value of voting stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant was approximately $70 million.

The number of shares of the registrant’s common stock outstanding as of April 13, 2007 was 7,371,338.

Documents incorporated by reference: Part III incorporates information by reference to portions of the registrant’s proxy statement for its fiscal 2007 annual meeting of shareholders.

 



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COMARCO, INC.

FORM 10-K

FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED JANUARY 31, 2007

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

          Page

PART I

   1

ITEM 1.

   BUSINESS    1

ITEM 1A.

   RISK FACTORS    8

ITEM 1B.

   UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS    15

ITEM 2.

   PROPERTIES    15

ITEM 3.

   LEGAL PROCEEDINGS    15

ITEM 4.

   SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS    15

PART II

   16

ITEM 5.

   MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES    16

ITEM 6.

   SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA    17

ITEM 7.

   MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS    18

ITEM 7A.

   QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK    43

ITEM 8.

   FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA    44

ITEM 9.

   CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE    74

ITEM 9A.

   CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES    74

ITEM 9B.

   OTHER INFORMATION    74

PART III

   75

ITEM 10.

   DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS, AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE    75

ITEM 11.

   EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION    75

ITEM 12.

   SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS    75

ITEM 13.

   CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE    75

ITEM 14.

   PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES    75

PART IV

   76

ITEM 15.

   EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES    76


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PART I

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This report on Form 10-K, including the section entitled “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 regarding our business, financial condition, results of operations, and prospects. Words such as “expects,” “anticipates,” “intends,” “plans,” “believes,” “seeks,” “estimates,” and similar expressions or variations of such words are intended to identify forward-looking statements, but are not deemed to represent an all-inclusive means of identifying forward-looking statements as denoted in this report. Additionally, statements concerning future matters are forward-looking statements.

Although forward-looking statements in this report reflect the good faith judgment of our management, such statements can only be based on facts and factors currently known by us. Consequently, forward-looking statements are inherently subject to risks and uncertainties and actual results and outcomes may differ materially from the results and outcomes discussed in or anticipated by the forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause or contribute to such differences in results and outcomes include, without limitation, those specifically addressed under the section below entitled “Risk Factors,” as well as those discussed elsewhere in this report. Readers are urged not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date of this report.

We undertake no obligation to revise or update any forward-looking statements in order to reflect any event or circumstance that may arise after the date of this report. Readers are urged to carefully review and consider the various disclosures made throughout the entirety of this report, which attempt to advise interested parties of the risks and factors that may affect our business, financial condition, results of operations, and prospects.

 

ITEM 1. BUSINESS

General

Comarco, Inc., through its subsidiary Comarco Wireless Technologies, Inc. (collectively, “we,” “Comarco,” or the “Company”), is a leading designer and manufacturer of external mobile power adapters used to power and charge notebook computers, mobile phones, and many other rechargeable handheld devices. Comarco is also a provider of wireless test solutions for the wireless industry, as well as a provider of emergency call box systems and related maintenance services. Our operations consist solely of the operations of Comarco Wireless Technologies, Inc. (“CWT”), which was incorporated in the state of Delaware in September 1993. Comarco, Inc. is a California corporation whose common stock has been publicly traded since 1971 when it was spun-off from Genge Industries, Inc.

We have three primary businesses: mobile power products (“ChargeSource”), wireless test solutions (“WTS”), and emergency call box systems (“call box” or “call box systems”). Our mobile power products business designs and manufactures external power adapters for notebook computers, mobile phones, and many other rechargeable handheld devices. Our WTS business designs and manufactures hardware and software tools for use by wireless carriers, equipment vendors, and others. Our call box business designs, manufactures, and maintains emergency call box systems.

 

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Our net revenue by business segment for fiscal 2007, 2006, and 2005 was:

 

     Years Ended January 31,
     2007    2006    2005
     (In millions)

Business segment:

        

Mobile power products (ChargeSource)

   $ 16.7    $ 12.3    $ 5.8

Wireless test solutions

     15.3      24.5      16.8

Emergency call box systems

     15.7      10.0      6.6
                    
   $ 47.7    $ 46.8    $ 29.2
                    

More financial information about our business segments is contained in Note 20 “Business Segment Information” of our consolidated financial statements.

References to “fiscal” years in this report refer to our fiscal years ended January 31; for example, “fiscal 2007” refers to our fiscal year ended January 31, 2007.

We file or furnish annual, quarterly, and current reports, proxy statements, and other information with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). Our SEC filings are available free of charge to the public over the Internet at the SEC’s website at http://www.sec.gov. Our SEC filings are also available on our website at http://www.comarco.com as soon as reasonably practical following the time that they are filed with or furnished to the SEC. Any document we file or furnish with the SEC can be read at the SEC’s Public Reference Room at 100 F Street, N.E., Washington, DC 20549. For further information on the Public Reference Room, call the SEC at (800) SEC-0330.

Our Businesses

Mobile Power Products (ChargeSource)

Our ChargeSource business designs and manufactures external power adapters for notebook computers, mobile phones, and many other rechargeable handheld devices. These mobile power products, which are designed with the needs of the traveling professional in mind, provide a high level of functionality and compatibility in an industry leading compact design.

Products

Our current and planned ChargeSource product offering consists of external AC/DC, AC, and DC power adapters designed for the right mix of power output and functionality for most retail, original equipment manufacturer (“OEM”), and enterprise customers. Our ChargeSource products are also programmable, allowing those who use rechargeable electronic devices to carry just one power adapter. By simply changing the compact SmartTip connected to the end of the charging cable, our external power adapters are capable of charging and powering multiple devices.

We believe our patented electrical designs will continue to be the basis for even higher-power external power adapters that are expected to meet evolving global standards, including the planned standards of the European Union (“EU”), and the increasing power requirements of the notebook computer OEMs, and allow us to offer customers cutting edge technology while significantly decreasing size and weight.

Our ChargeSource business generated revenue totaling $16.7 million, $12.3 million, and $5.8 million in fiscal 2007, 2006, and 2005, respectively.

 

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Wireless Test Solutions

Our WTS business designs and manufactures hardware and software tools for use by wireless carriers, equipment vendors, and others. Radio engineers, network improvement professionals and technicians, and others use these test tools to deploy and optimize wireless networks, and to verify the performance of the wireless networks and resulting quality of service once deployed.

Products

Our WTS product offering consists of integrated hardware and software solutions that are flexible, scalable, and modular, allowing our customers to analyze and test all 2G, 2.5G, and 3G technologies. Test applications include optimization and Quality of Service (“QoS”) testing/benchmarking of wireless networks, in-building or in-vehicle testing, fixed or mobile testing, and voice, data, or video testing.

Services

Our WTS business leases test systems on a limited basis. The demand for our leased equipment is primarily from customers providing engineering services to wireless carriers requiring QoS and benchmarking data on an outsourced basis.

Our WTS business generated revenue totaling $15.3 million, $24.5 million, and $16.8 million in fiscal 2007, 2006, and 2005, respectively.

Emergency Call Box Systems

Products

Our emergency call box business designs, manufactures, and maintains emergency call box systems that incorporate digital wireless and text-telephony (“TTY”) technologies for state and local governmental agencies primarily located in California and New York. Our call box products provide emergency communication over existing wireless networks and are typically deployed along major highways, and at schools, universities, shopping centers, and parks.

Services

In conjunction with the sale of call box products, we provide system installation and long-term maintenance services. Currently, there are approximately 10,800 call boxes that we maintain under long-term agreements that expire at various dates through February 2011. Under the terms of the maintenance agreements, our governmental customers can terminate their respective agreement without cause upon 30-days written notice.

Our emergency call box systems business generated revenue totaling $15.7 million, $10.0 million, and $6.6 million in fiscal 2007, 2006, and 2005, respectively.

Marketing, Sales, and Distribution

Mobile Power Products (ChargeSource)

We believe demand for our mobile power products can be categorized into the following three distinct channels:

 

   

Retail;

 

   

OEM-branded accessories, and

 

   

OEM “in-the-box.”

 

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Retail. To reach the retail consumer, we have historically entered into exclusive distribution agreements with a single tier-one distributor of consumer electronics. Our distribution partner brands our products and distributes them to retailers, focusing on national “big-box” retail chains and office superstores. Due to the terms of this exclusive distribution agreement, our direct access to certain significant distribution channels was limited. Accordingly, our success was depended to a large degree upon our exclusive distributor’s ability and willingness to effectively and widely distribute our ChargeSource products. As of January 31, 2007, Kensington, a division of ACCO Brands Corporation (NYSE:ABD), was the exclusive retail channel distributor of our ChargeSource products and has been the source of the majority of our ChargeSource revenue. Revenue generated by Kensington for fiscal 2007, 2006, and 2005 totaled $15.4 million, $11.8 million, and $0.9 million, respectively, or as a percentage of total ChargeSource revenue, 92 percent, 96 percent, and 16 percent, respectively.

To reduce our exposure to the risks related to depending upon a single powerful customer, as well as to expand our retail channel penetration, we have adopted a non-exclusive retail distribution strategy. This strategy is expected to drive volume through multiple non-exclusive distribution relationships, lower our per unit manufacturing cost, and allow us to penetrate the broader retail market and certain geographic regions that may be underserved under a single exclusive distribution arrangement. During the first quarter of fiscal 2008, we entered into a non-exclusive distribution arrangement with Kensington, thereby terminating our exclusive distribution agreement. Under this non-exclusive agreement, we have the right to penetrate all channels with multiple partners and Kensington has the right to purchase our products at competitive prices without volume minimums. Kensington is also able to purchase mobile power products from our competitors.

We expect to experience some disruption over the next several quarters as we transition our ChargeSource retail distribution model to one based on non-exclusive relationships with multiple distributors and brands.

OEM-branded accessories. The notebook computer OEMs offer an expansive selection of notebook computer accessories through their on-line retail portals, catalogs, and other channels. Many of these accessories have been designed to OEM specifications to be compatible and/or to complement their specific notebook computers. Typically, the OEMs will brand these products and market them in conjunction with the sale of their notebook computers.

We typically work directly with the OEMs on these designs and products in response to their requests. The desired products are both AC only and AC/DC, as well as with and without programmability. Once generally available, we expect to receive purchase orders from the OEM and deliver the ordered products directly from our contract manufacturer into their supply chain organization. We are currently designing several external power adapters to the specifications of a leading OEM.

OEM “in-the-box.” Notebook computers are typically sold with a conventional AC-only power adapter included with the purchase or “in-the-box.” These “in-the-box” adapters are manufactured for low cost and delivered in quantities of tens of millions per year. As notebook computer power and regulatory requirements increase, the size and weight of the power adapter may also increase. We believe our patented electrical design, which is the basis for our small and light power adapters, can address this large and growing market. As with OEM-branded accessories, we typically work directly with the OEMs on these designs and products in response to their requests. Products designed for this channel must be ultra-low cost and reliable, and must be manufactured in high volume. We are currently in the initial stages of responding to a request for “in-the-box” power adapters from a leading OEM.

Wireless Test Solutions

We market and sell our WTS products primarily to wireless carriers through a direct sales force of technically trained personnel, as well as through independent sales representatives, and affiliated and unaffiliated resellers. Our North America sales are made through our direct sales and marketing organizations located in Lake Forest, California. Sales to our customers in Latin and South America are generally made through our

 

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offices located in Mexico City, Mexico, and Sao Palo, Brazil, assisted by the sales and marketing organizations based in Lake Forest, California. These offices also coordinate the marketing, sales, and support efforts of a network of representatives and resellers responsible for sales to customers in other geographic regions.

Through December 31, 2006, Switzerland-based SwissQual AG (“SwissQual”) was responsible for reselling and supporting our co-branded Seven.Five products in Europe, the Middle East, and North Africa (our “European” region). During January 2006, we sold our 18 percent ownership interest, which we acquired during fiscal 2002. See section entitled “Wireless Test Solutions” of Item 7, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.” We currently have a revenue sharing agreement in place that determines how much revenue we earn from SwissQual sales and, conversely, how much revenue SwissQual earns from our sales to customers located outside the European region.

During November 2006, in response to increased competition in the QoS market, we announced a cooperative alliance with Ascom (SWX:ASCN), a leading specialist in wireless onsite communications solutions based in Switzerland, to develop, market, and support next-generation wireless network QoS, optimization, and test measurement systems. Together we are currently developing harmonized test and measurement systems and solutions for 3G and 4G wireless standards, accelerating the availability of upgrades to the installed base in Europe and our home markets, while enabling the rapid deployment of new products. These harmonized products and solutions are expected to be available during the second half of fiscal 2008. Additionally, we will share sales and support resources with Ascom on a global basis and we no longer intend to establish a direct sales and support organization for our European region.

Emergency Call Box Systems

We market and sell our call box systems primarily to state and local governmental agencies located in California through a direct sales force located in Lake Forest, California.

Competition

Mobile Power Products (ChargeSource)

Numerous providers, including Delta Electronics, Inc., Mobility Electronics, Inc., Targus, Belkin, Kensington, and APC directly compete for power product market share. The cellular telephone and personal computer OEMs also serve the market for our ChargeSource external power adapters. Many of our competitors are larger and have greater financial resources. We believe that the patents that cover our ChargeSource products provide us with a competitive advantage. However, our ability to compete in these markets depends on our ability to successfully commercialize new technologies in a timely manner, and to manufacture and deliver low cost products in sufficient volumes.

Wireless Test Solutions

The market for our hardware and software test tools is highly competitive and is served by numerous providers. Our primary competitors with respect to our WTS products are Agilent Technologies, Ascom, Ericsson, Andrew Corporation, and Spirent plc (“Spirent”), through its acquisition of SwissQual. Many of our competitors are larger and have greater financial resources.

The wireless industry is characterized by rapid technological changes, frequent new product and service introductions, and evolving industry standards. To compete successfully in this market, we believe we must:

 

   

Properly identify customer needs;

 

   

Price our products competitively;

 

   

Innovate and develop new or enhanced products;

 

   

Successfully commercialize new technologies in a timely manner;

 

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Manufacture and deliver our products in sufficient volumes on time, and

 

   

Differentiate our offerings from our competitors’ offerings.

Emergency Call Box Systems

The market for our emergency call box systems is also served by numerous competitors, including US Commlink, GAI-Tronics, Talk-A-Phone, and other manufacturers of wireless and wireline emergency and information communication devices. Certain of our competitors are larger and have greater financial resources.

Key Customers

We derive a substantial portion of our revenue from a limited number of customers.

Mobile Power Products (ChargeSource)

In fiscal 2007 and 2006, Kensington, our primary distributor of ChargeSource products, accounted for revenue totaling $15.4 million and $11.8 million, or 32 percent and 25 percent of total revenue, respectively. In fiscal 2005, Targus, the former distributor of our mobile power products, accounted for revenue totaling $4.1 million, or 14 percent of total revenue.

Wireless Test Solutions

In fiscal 2007 and 2006, Verizon accounted for revenue totaling $7.0 million and $11.9 million, or 15 percent and 25 percent of total revenue, respectively. In fiscal 2007, 2006, and 2005, SwissQual, our former exclusive distributor of WTS products in our European region, accounted for $2.5 million, $8.8 million, and $6.6 million, or 5 percent, 19 percent, and 22 percent of total revenue, respectively. In fiscal 2005, TIM Cellular S.A., a wireless carrier based in Brazil, accounted for revenue totaling $4.3 million or 15 percent of total revenue.

Emergency Call Box Systems

Our call box business derives a significant portion of its revenue from state and local governmental agencies. In fiscal 2007, 2006, and 2005, revenue from these governmental agencies totaled $14.7 million, $8.7 million, and $6.2 million, or 31 percent, 18 percent, and 21 percent of total revenue, respectively.

The spending patterns of Verizon, Kensington, or any of our other key customers can vary significantly from year to year. Any significant reduction in the spending patterns of these customers could adversely affect our revenue, operating results, and cash flows.

International Operations

We sell our ChargeSource and WTS products to customers located throughout the world. In fiscal 2007, 2006, and 2005, we derived 81 percent, 68 percent, and 53 percent of total revenue, respectively, from customers in the United States and 19 percent, 32 percent, and 47 percent, respectively, from customers in foreign countries, as determined by the “ship to” address. The decrease in the percentage of sales to foreign countries during fiscal 2007 as compared to fiscal 2006 and fiscal 2005 is primarily due to decreasing sales of our WTS products to SwissQual. In fiscal 2007 and 2006, there were no foreign countries from which we derived more than 10 percent of total revenue. In fiscal 2005, sales to Brazil accounted for $5.6 million, or 19 percent of total revenue.

Research and Development

We sell our products in markets that are characterized by rapid technology changes, frequent new product introductions, and evolving technology standards. Accordingly, we devote significant resources to design and develop new and enhanced products that can be manufactured cost effectively and sold at competitive prices.

 

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During fiscal 2007, 2006, and 2005 we incurred approximately $5.7 million, $5.5 million, and $5.2 million in research and development expenses. To focus these efforts, we strive to maintain close relationships with our customers and develop products that meet their needs.

As of April 13, 2007, we had approximately 32 engineers and other technical personnel dedicated to our research and development efforts. Generally, our research and development and other engineering efforts are managed and focused on a product-by-product basis, and can generally be characterized as follows:

 

   

We collaborate closely with our customers and partners to design and manufacture new products or modify existing products to specifications required by our customers;

 

   

We design and manufacture enhancements and improvements to our existing products in response to our customers’ requests or feedback, and

 

   

We independently design and build new products in anticipation of the needs of our customers as they transition existing wireless networks to next-generation technologies.

Manufacturing and Suppliers

We maintain one manufacturing facility located in Lake Forest, California, which is ISO-9001:2000 certified. Our manufacturing process involves the final assembly and test of individual components by production technicians. The components used by us consist primarily of printed circuit boards and related assemblies, specialized subassemblies, fabricated housings and chassis, and test mobiles. Most of our components and subassemblies are manufactured by third parties to our specifications and are generally delivered to us for final assembly and test. During fiscal 2005, we ceased manufacturing our ChargeSource products in-house, and transitioned all manufacturing responsibility related to these products to contract manufacturers located in China.

Patents and Intellectual Property

We hold patents that cover key technical aspects of our ChargeSource products. However, we generally rely on a combination of trade secrets, copyrights, and contractual rights to protect our intellectual property embodied in the hardware and software products of our WTS business.

Industry Practices Impacting Working Capital

Existing industry practices that affect working capital and operating cash flow include the level of variability of customer orders relative to the volume of production, vendor lead times, materials availability for critical parts, inventory levels held to achieve rapid customer fulfillment, and provisions of extended payment terms to certain foreign customers.

Currently, we sell our products under purchase orders that are placed with short-term delivery requirements. As a result, we periodically maintain significant levels of inventory of long-lead components in order to meet our obligations. Delays in planned customer orders could result in higher inventory levels and negatively impact our operating results.

Our standard terms require customers to pay for our products in U.S. dollars. For those orders denominated in foreign currencies, we may limit our exposure to losses from foreign currency transactions through forward foreign exchange contracts. To date, sales denominated in foreign currencies have not been significant and we have not entered into any foreign exchange contracts.

Employees

As of April 13, 2007, we employed approximately 120 employees. We believe our employee relations to be good. The majority of our employees are professional or technical personnel who possess training and experience

 

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in engineering, computer science, and management. Our future success depends in large part on our ability to retain key technical, marketing, and management personnel, and to attract and retain qualified employees, particularly the highly skilled radio, design, process, and test engineers involved in the development of new products. Competition for such personnel can be intense, and the loss of key employees, as well as the failure to recruit and train additional technical personnel in a timely manner, could have a material adverse effect on our operating results.

Our success depends to a significant extent upon the contribution of our executive officers and other key employees. Our employee stock option plan expired during May 2005. During December 2005, the Board of Directors approved and adopted a new employee equity incentive plan (the “2005 Plan”) covering 450,000 shares of our common stock. The adoption of the 2005 Plan was ratified by the Company’s shareholders at the annual shareholders’ meeting held on June 20, 2006.

ITEM 1A.    RISK FACTORS

A significant portion of our revenue is derived from the sale of our WTS products to customers in the wireless communications industry. We are currently experiencing a significant impact caused by widespread industry consolidation including substantial delays in purchasing decisions by our customers and reduced demand for our products. If these market conditions continue, our operating results and financial condition could suffer.

Revenue from the sale of our WTS products accounted for 32 percent of total revenue for fiscal 2007. Wireless carriers are the primary customers for our WTS products. These customers operate in an environment driven by new technology, increased competition, and regulatory change. To compete effectively, the wireless carriers must offer their subscribers lower prices, improved quality of service, and innovative new services. Increasing minutes of use, global subscribers, and data-intensive applications are driving higher capacity utilization of existing networks, requiring wireless carriers around the globe to place a greater emphasis on capital expenditures devoted to their wireless networks. Despite this greater emphasis, current demand for our WTS products has decreased compared to the prior fiscal year driven by widespread industry consolidation, delays in purchasing decisions by our customers, increased competition, and increased pricing pressure. If these market conditions continue, our operating results and financial condition may be adversely affected.

A significant portion of our revenue is derived from the sale and maintenance of emergency call box systems and upgrades to governmental customers that have experienced severe budgetary constraints in the past. If current and planned projects to install or upgrade call box systems are delayed, our operating results and financial condition could suffer.

Revenue from the sale of upgrades and maintenance of our emergency call box systems accounted for 33 percent of total revenue for fiscal 2007. Approximately 86 percent of our call box revenue is derived from state and local governmental agencies in California, which in prior years, experienced severe budgetary constraints. As a result, several of our planned projects to install or upgrade call box systems were delayed. If these adverse budgetary conditions recur, or they experience other events that result in funding constraints, we may face significant reductions in spending by our governmental customers, which would likely adversely affect our operating results and financial condition.

A substantial portion of our call box revenue in fiscal 2007 was derived from non-recurring upgrades of emergency call box systems to governmental customers. If we are unable to replace this revenue stream, our operating results and financial condition could suffer.

Approximately $10.0 million of our fiscal 2007 call box revenue was generated from sales of digital and text-telephony upgrades to our installed base of emergency call box systems. During fiscal 2008 we expect to substantially complete the previously awarded digital and TTY upgrade contracts. We expect call box revenue for fiscal 2008 to decrease compared to fiscal 2007.

 

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Failure to adjust our operations due to changing market conditions or failure to accurately estimate demand for our products could adversely affect our operating results.

The spending patterns of many of our WTS customers have been volatile, unpredictable, and driven by market and technological factors that we cannot control or predict. In addition, consumer demand for our ChargeSource mobile power products has been subject to fluctuations as a result of our choices of distribution partners, market acceptance of our products, the timing and size of customer orders, and consumer demand for rechargeable mobile electronic devices. Accordingly, it has been difficult for us to forecast the demand for these products. We also are limited in our ability to quickly adapt our manufacturing and related cost structures because a significant portion of our sales and marketing, design and other engineering, and manufacturing costs are fixed. If customer demand for our WTS and ChargeSource products declines or if we otherwise fail to accurately forecast reduced customer demand, we will likely experience excess capacity, which could adversely affect our operating results. Conversely, if market conditions improve, our manufacturing capacity may not be adequate to fill increased customer demand. As a result, we might not be able to fulfill customer orders in a timely manner, which could adversely affect our customer relationships and operating results.

The ChargeSource and WTS products we make are complex and have short life cycles. If we are unable to rapidly and successfully develop and introduce new products, some of our products may become obsolete and our operating results could suffer.

The wireless communications and consumer electronics industries are characterized by rapid technological changes, frequent new product introductions, and evolving industry standards. Additionally, our ChargeSource mobile power products have short life cycles, and may become obsolete over relatively short periods of time. Our future success depends on our ability to develop, introduce, and deliver on a timely basis and in sufficient quantity new products, components, and enhancements. The success of any new product offering will depend on several factors, including our ability to:

 

   

Properly identify customer needs and technological trends;

 

   

Timely develop new technologies and applications;

 

   

Price our products and services competitively;

 

   

Timely manufacture and deliver our products in sufficient volume, and

 

   

Differentiate our products from those of our competitors.

Development of new products requires high levels of innovation from both our engineers and our component suppliers. Development of a new product often requires a substantial investment before we can determine the commercial viability of the product. If we dedicate a significant amount of resources to the development of products that do not achieve broad market acceptance, our operating results may suffer. Our operating results may also be adversely affected due to the timing of product introductions by competitors, especially if a competitor introduces a new product before our own comparable product is ready to be introduced.

The wireless communications and consumer electronics industries are highly competitive, and our profitability will be adversely affected if we are not able to compete effectively.

The wireless communications and consumer electronics industries in which we sell our products are highly competitive in many areas, including the timing of development and introduction of new products, technology, price, quality, customer service, and support. Our competitors range from some of the respective industries’ largest corporations to many relatively small and highly specialized firms. Many of our competitors possess advantages over us, including greater financial and marketing resources, greater name recognition and larger and more established customer and supplier relationships. Our competitors also may be able to respond more quickly to new or emerging technologies and changes in customer needs. If we do not have the resources or expertise necessary to compete or to match our competitors or otherwise fail to develop successful strategies to address these competitive disadvantages, we could lose customers and revenue.

 

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The average selling prices of our products may decrease over their sales cycles, especially upon the introduction of new products, which may negatively affect our revenue and operating results.

Our products may experience a reduction in the average selling prices over their respective sales cycles. Further, as we introduce new or next-generation products, sales prices of legacy products may decline substantially. In order to sell products that have a falling average selling price and maintain margins at the same time, we need to continually reduce product and manufacturing costs. There can be no assurances we will be successful in our efforts to reduce these costs. In order to do so, we must carefully manage the price paid for components used in our products, as well as manage our inventory costs to reduce overall product costs. If we are unable to reduce the cost of legacy products as new products are introduced, our average gross margins may decline and adversely affect our operating results.

A significant portion of our revenue is dependent in part upon our relationships with our strategic distribution partners and their performance. If we are unable to successfully manage our relationships with the distributors of our mobile power products, our revenue and operating results could suffer.

Our ChargeSource mobile power products are distributed by Kensington, a tier-one distributor of consumer electronics. Our success will depend in part upon Kensington’s ability and willingness to effectively and widely distribute our ChargeSource products on a non-exclusive basis. If Kensington and our other distributors do not purchase the volume of products that we anticipate, our revenue and results of operations will suffer.

During November 2006, in response to increased competition in the QoS market, we announced a cooperative alliance with Ascom, a leading specialist in wireless onsite communications solutions based in Switzerland, to develop, market, and support next-generation wireless network QoS, optimization, and test measurement systems. Together we are currently developing harmonized test and measurement systems and solutions for 3G and 4G wireless standards, accelerating the availability of upgrades to the installed base in Europe and our home markets, while enabling the rapid deployment of new products. These harmonized products and solutions are expected to be available during the second half of fiscal 2008. Additionally, the companies will share sales and support resources on a global basis. We are unsure as to what long term effect, if any, the alliance with Ascom will have on future sales of our WTS products, particularly in our European region. Our success will depend in part upon our ability to jointly develop products with Ascom, their ability to capture the current installed base in Europe, as well as provide sales and support services in that region. If we are unable to jointly develop and sell harmonized products, our revenue and operating results could suffer.

A significant portion of our revenue is derived from a limited number of customers, and any loss of, cancellation, or delay in purchases by these customers could cause a significant decrease in our revenue.

We have historically derived a significant portion of our revenue from a limited number of customers. Our three key customers for fiscal 2007 accounted for $25.0 million, or 52 percent of total revenue. If any of our key customers reduces, cancels, or delays orders, and we are not able to develop other customers who purchase products at comparable levels, our revenue could decrease significantly. In addition, any difficulty in collecting amounts due from one or more of our key customers would negatively impact our results of operations and financial condition. We expect that a limited number of customers will continue to represent a large percentage of our revenue.

We may experience quality or safety defects in our products that could cause us to institute product recalls, require us to provide replacement products and harm our reputation.

In the course of conducting our business, we experience and attempt to address various quality and safety issues with our products. Often product defects are identified during our design, development, and manufacturing processes, which we are able to correct in a timely manner. Sometimes, defects are identified after introduction and shipment of products. If we are unable to fix defects in a timely manner or adequately address quality control issues, our relationships with our customers may be impaired, our reputation may suffer and we may lose customers. Any of the foregoing could adversely affect our business and results of operations.

 

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Economic, political, and other risks associated with our international sales and operations could adversely affect our results of operations.

We currently maintain sales and support operations in the United States, China, Europe, and Latin America. Our international operations accounted for approximately 19 percent of total revenue for fiscal 2007. Accordingly, our business is subject to worldwide economic and market conditions and risks generally associated with doing business abroad, such as fluctuating foreign currency exchange rates, weaknesses in the economic conditions in particular countries or regions, the stability of international monetary conditions, tariff and trade policies, domestic and foreign tax policies, foreign governmental regulations, political unrest and disruptions, and delays in shipments. Specifically, our ChargeSource contract manufacturer and a majority of our component suppliers are located in Asia. We do business with our foreign supply base in U.S. dollars. Our costs increase in countries with currencies that are increasing in value against the U.S. dollar. Also, we cannot be sure that our international supply base will continue to accept orders denominated in U.S. dollars. If they do not, our costs will become more directly subject to foreign exchange fluctuations. These factors could adversely affect our sales of products and services in international markets.

Our failure to address laws and regulations governing our government contracts, could adversely affect our business and operating results.

We depend on contracts with state and local governmental agencies for a significant portion of our revenue, and are subject to various laws and regulations that only apply to companies doing business with the government. For example, we supply call box products and provide system installation and long-term maintenance services to regional and municipal transit authorities and other governmental agencies. In fiscal 2007, we derived 31 percent of our revenue from contracts with these governmental customers. From time to time we are also subject to investigation for compliance with regulations governing our government contracts. Our failure to comply with any of these laws or regulations could result in suspension of these contracts, or subject us to administrative claims.

Disruptions in our relationships with our suppliers or in our suppliers’ operations could result in shortages of necessary components and adversely affect our operations.

We currently procure, and expect to continue to procure, certain components from single source manufacturers who provide unique component designs or who meet certain quality and performance requirements. In addition, we sometimes purchase customized components from single sources in order to take advantage of volume pricing discounts. In fiscal 2007, the contract manufacturer of our ChargeSource products provided $10.7 million, or 58 percent of all inventory purchases, and the contract manufacturer of our printed circuit boards provided $4.4 million, or 24 percent of all inventory purchases.

The performance of these suppliers is largely outside of our control. In the past, we have experienced, and may continue to experience, shortages of important single source components. Our suppliers may fail to timely deliver components or provide components of sufficient quality. If this occurs, we may need to adjust both product designs and production schedules, which could result in delays in the production and delivery of products to our customers. These delays or defects could harm our reputation, impair our customer relationships, and adversely affect our operations.

Third parties may claim that we are infringing their intellectual property, and we could suffer significant litigation, settlement or licensing costs and expenses or be prevented from selling certain products.

Third parties have claimed, and may in the future claim, that we are infringing their intellectual property rights. These intellectual property infringement claims, whether we ultimately are found to be infringing any third party’s intellectual property rights or not, are time-consuming, costly to defend, and divert resources and management attention away from our operations. Infringement claims by third parties also could subject us to significant damage awards or fines or require us to pay large amounts to settle such claims. Additionally, claims of intellectual property infringement might require us to enter into royalty or license agreements. If we cannot or do not license the

 

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infringed technology on acceptable terms or substitute similar technology from other sources, we could be prevented from or restricted in selling our products containing, or manufactured with, the infringed technology.

Third parties may infringe our intellectual property rights, and we may be required to spend significant resources enforcing these rights or otherwise suffer competitive injury.

Our success depends in large part on our proprietary technology. We generally rely upon patent, copyright, trademark, and trade secret laws in the United States and in certain other countries, and upon confidentiality agreements with our employees, customers, and partners to establish and maintain our intellectual proprietary rights in our proprietary technology. We are required to spend significant resources to monitor and enforce our intellectual property rights; however these rights might not necessarily provide us with a sufficient competitive advantage. Our intellectual proprietary rights could be challenged, invalidated, or circumvented by competitors or others. Our employees, customers or partners could breach our confidentiality agreements, for which we may not have an adequate remedy available. We also may not be able to timely detect the infringement of our intellectual property rights, which could harm our competitive position. Finally, the rapid pace of technological change in the wireless communications and consumer electronics industries could make certain of our key proprietary technology obsolete or provide us with less of a competitive advantage.

If we suffer the loss of our manufacturing facility due to catastrophe, our operations would be adversely affected.

We have one manufacturing facility, which is located in Lake Forest, California. Although we carry insurance for property damage, we do not carry insurance or financial reserves for all possible catastrophes, including interruptions or potential losses arising from earthquakes or terrorism. Any significant disruption in our manufacturing operations at the facility, whether due to fire, natural disaster, or otherwise, would have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and operating results.

Additionally, as previously discussed, during fiscal 2005 we transitioned the manufacturing of our ChargeSource products to a contract manufacturer located in China. If any significant disruption occurs in the facility in China, it would have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and operating results.

We depend upon the services of key personnel, and may not be able to attract and retain additional key personnel.

Our success depends to a significant extent on the continued services and experience of our key research, engineering, sales, marketing, and executive personnel. If for any reason our key personnel left our employ and we failed to replace a sufficient number of these personnel, we might not be able to maintain or expand our business. Competition for such highly skilled personnel in our wireless communications and consumer electronics industries is intense, and we cannot be certain that we will be able to hire or re-hire sufficiently qualified personnel in adequate numbers to meet the demand for our products and services. If we are unable to identify, hire, and integrate these skilled personnel in a timely or cost-efficient manner, our operating results could suffer.

We may not be able to successfully integrate future acquisitions, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

We have acquired, and are likely to acquire in the future, businesses, products, and technologies that complement or expand our current operations. Acquisitions could require significant capital investments and require us to integrate with companies that have different cultures, management teams, and business infrastructure. Depending on the size and complexity of an acquisition, our successful integration of the acquisition could depend on several factors, including:

 

   

Difficulties in assimilating and integrating the operations, products, and workforce of an acquired business;

 

   

The retention of key employees;

 

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Management of facilities and employees in separate geographic areas;

 

   

The integration or coordination of different research and development and product manufacturing facilities;

 

   

Successfully converting information and accounting systems, and

 

   

Diversion of resources and management attention from our other operations.

If market conditions or other factors require us to change our strategic direction, we may fail to realize the expected value from one or more of our acquisitions. Our failure to successfully integrate our acquisitions or realize the expected value from past or future acquisitions could harm our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

We may need additional capital in the future to fund the growth of our businesses, which we may not be able to obtain or obtain on acceptable terms.

We currently anticipate that our available capital resources and operating income will be sufficient to meet our expected working capital and capital expenditure requirements for at least the next 12 months. However, it is not assured that such resources will be sufficient to fund the long-term growth of our business. In particular, we may experience a negative operating cash flow due to the timing of anticipated sales of our products. We may raise additional funds through public or private debt or equity financings if such financings become available on favorable terms or we may seek working capital financing under a revolving line of credit. We cannot be certain that any additional financing we may need will be available on terms favorable to us, or at all. If adequate funds are not available or are not available on acceptable terms, we may not be able to take advantage of unanticipated opportunities, develop new products or otherwise respond to competitive pressures, and our operating results and financial condition could be adversely affected.

Our quarterly operating results are subject to significant fluctuations and, if our operating results decline or are worse than expected, our stock price could fall.

We have experienced, and expect to continue to experience, significant quarterly fluctuations in revenue and operating results for our three businesses. Our quarterly operating results may fluctuate for many reasons, including:

 

   

The size and timing of customer orders and shipments;

 

   

The degree and rate of growth in the markets in which we compete and the accompanying demand for our products;

 

   

Limitations in our ability to forecast our manufacturing needs;

 

   

Our ability to introduce, and the timing of our introductions of, new or enhanced products;

 

   

Product failures and recalls, product quality control problems and associated in-field service support costs;

 

   

Warranty expenses;

 

   

Availability and cost of components, and

 

   

Changes in average sales prices.

Due to these and other factors, our past results are not reliable indicators of our future performance. In addition, a significant portion of our operating expenses is relatively fixed due to sales, engineering, and manufacturing overhead. If we experience a decline in revenue, we may be unable to reduce our fixed costs quickly enough to compensate for the decline, which would magnify the adverse impact of such revenue shortfall on our results of operations. If our operating results decline or are below expectations of securities analysts or investors, the market price of our stock may decline significantly.

 

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Our stock price has been and will likely remain highly volatile.

The stock market in general, and the stock prices of technology and wireless communications companies in particular, have experienced fluctuations that have often been unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of these companies. Broad market and industry stock price fluctuations may adversely affect the market price of shares of our common stock. The market price of our stock has exhibited significant price fluctuations, which makes our stock unsuitable for many investors. Our stock price may also be affected by the following factors:

 

   

Our quarterly operating results;

 

   

Changes in the wireless communications and consumer electronics industries;

 

   

Changes in the economic outlook of the particular markets in which we sell our products and services;

 

   

The gain or loss of significant customers;

 

   

Reductions in demand or expectations of future demand by our customers;

 

   

Changes in stock market analyst recommendations regarding us, our competitors, or our customers;

 

   

The timing and announcements of technological innovations or new products by our competitors or by us, and

 

   

Other events affecting other companies that investors deem comparable to us.

Our articles of incorporation and shareholder rights plan could make a potential acquisition that is not approved by our board of directors more difficult.

Provisions of our articles of incorporation could make it more difficult for a third party to acquire control of us. Our articles of incorporation prohibit the consummation of a merger, reorganization or recapitalization, sale or lease of a substantial amount of assets with, or issuance of equity securities valued at $2.0 million or more to a stockholder that owns 10 percent or more of our common stock, unless certain requirements relating to board or shareholder approval are met. Our articles of incorporation also prohibit shareholder action by written consent, which could make certain changes of control more difficult by requiring the holding of a special meeting of shareholders for purposes of taking shareholder action.

These provisions in our articles of incorporation could discourage takeover attempts which some shareholders might deem to be in their best interests or in which shareholders would receive a premium for their shares over the then existing market price of our common stock.

In February 2006, our Board of Directors terminated our shareholder rights plan effective January 31, 2007 and adopted a policy that, with certain exceptions, requires the Board of Directors to obtain stockholder approval before adopting any shareholder rights plan in the future.

The trading volume of our common stock often has been limited and may depress the price for our common stock.

The trading volume of our common stock has been and may continue to be limited. Limited trading volume could depress the price for our common stock because fewer analysts may provide coverage for our stock and because investors might be unwilling to pay a higher market price for a stock that is less liquid. In addition, limited trading volume, along with market and industry stock price fluctuations and other factors affecting our operations, could result in greater volatility in the price of our common stock. A significant decline in our stock price, even if temporary, could result in substantial losses for individual shareholders and could subject us to costly and disruptive securities litigation.

 

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ITEM 1B.    UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS

None.

ITEM 2.    PROPERTIES

Our headquarters and manufacturing facility is located in Lake Forest, California. This leased facility consists of approximately 25,000 square feet of office space and approximately 5,000 square feet of manufacturing and warehouse space. The lease for this facility expires in August 2011. We also lease office space and, in some instances, warehouse space in California, New York, China, and Mexico. The leases on these facilities, which are used by our call box and WTS businesses, expire on various dates through October 2009.

ITEM 3.    LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

We are from time to time involved in various legal proceedings incidental to the conduct of our business. We believe that the outcome of all such pending legal proceedings will not in the aggregate have a material adverse effect on our consolidated results of operations and financial position.

ITEM 4.    SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS

No matter was submitted during the fourth quarter ended January 31, 2007 to a vote of our security holders.

 

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PART II

 

ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES

Market Information

Our common stock is traded on the Nasdaq National Market® under the symbol “CMRO.” The following table sets forth for the periods indicated the quarterly high and low closing prices per share as reported by the Nasdaq National Market. These prices represent actual reported sales transactions.

 

     High    Low

Year ended January 31, 2007:

     

First Quarter

   $ 13.01    $ 10.63

Second Quarter

     12.31      8.76

Third Quarter

     9.81      7.75

Fourth Quarter

     10.30      7.31

Year ended January 31, 2006:

     

First Quarter

   $ 8.84    $ 8.00

Second Quarter

     8.75      7.34

Third Quarter

     9.26      7.43

Fourth Quarter

     11.85      8.59

Holders

As of April 13, 2007, there were 327 holders of record of our common stock.

Dividends

We have not paid any cash dividends on our common stock in the last three fiscal years. Subsequent to January 31, 2007, we declared a special dividend of $1.00 per share to shareholders of record on April 5, 2007, paid on April 23, 2007.

 

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ITEM 6.     SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA

 

     Years Ended January 31,  
     2007     2006     2005     2004     2003  
     (In thousands, except per share data)  

Revenue:

          

Products

   $ 42,725     $ 42,260     $ 24,159     $ 29,208     $ 30,372  

Services

     5,051       4,618       5,064       5,057       5,314  
                                        
     47,776       46,878       29,223       34,265       35,686  
                                        

Cost of revenue:

          

Products

     26,262       26,727       17,445       18,591       26,229  

Services

     3,352       3,185       3,463       3,135       3,779  
                                        
     29,614       29,912       20,908       21,726       30,008  
                                        

Gross profit

     18,162       16,966       8,315       12,539       5,678  

Selling, general, and administrative expenses

     10,674       9,490       9,001       9,848       8,686  

Asset impairment charges

     —         —         —         —         205  

Engineering and support expenses

     7,989       7,682       7,521       5,812       5,194  
                                        

Operating income (loss)

     (501 )     (206 )     (8,207 )     (3,121 )     (8,407 )

Other income, net

     941       345       180       237       375  

Gain on sale of investment in SwissQual and intangible asset

     1,687       6,438       —         —         —    

Minority interest in (earnings) loss of subsidiary

     —         —         72       34       141  
                                        

Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes and discontinued operations

     2,127       6,577       (7,955 )     (2,850 )     (7,891 )

Income tax expense (benefit)

     350       201       2,426       (1,008 )     (2,933 )
                                        

Income (loss) from continuing operations

     1,777       6,376       (10,381 )     (1,842 )     (4,958 )

Income (loss) from discontinued operations

     —         (45 )     325       596       (5,185 )
                                        

Net income (loss)

   $ 1,777     $ 6,331     $ (10,056 )   $ (1,246 )   $ (10,143 )
                                        

Basic income (loss) per share:

          

Income (loss) from continuing operations

   $ 0.24     $ 0.86     $ (1.41 )   $ (0.26 )   $ (0.71 )

Discontinued operations

     —         (0.01 )     0.04       0.09       (0.74 )
                                        

Net income (loss)

   $ 0.24     $ 0.85     $ (1.37 )   $ (0.17 )   $ (1.45 )
                                        

Diluted income (loss) per share:

          

Income (loss) from continuing operations

   $ 0.24     $ 0.86     $ (1.41 )   $ (0.26 )   $ (0.71 )

Discontinued operations

     —         (0.01 )     0.04       0.09       (0.74 )
                                        

Net income (loss)

   $ 0.24     $ 0.85     $ (1.37 )   $ (0.17 )   $ (1.45 )
                                        
     As of January 31,  
     2007     2006     2005     2004     2003  
     (In thousands)  

Working capital

   $ 31,480     $ 29,443     $ 19,057     $ 25,213     $ 26,500  

Total assets

     51,413       52,805       40,226       52,139       50,315  

Borrowing under line of credit

     —         —         —         —         —    

Long-term debt

     —         —         —         —         —    

Stockholders’ equity

     37,989       36,108       29,774       38,891       38,186  

 

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ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following discussion should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in Part II, Item 8 of this report on Form 10-K. This report contains forward-looking statements including, without limitation, statements regarding trends, cyclicality, seasonality and growth in the markets we sell into, our strategic direction, expenditures in research and development, contracts, our future effective tax rate, new product introductions, changes to our manufacturing processes, our liquidity position, our ability to generate cash from continuing operations, our expected growth, the potential impact of our adopting new accounting pronouncements, our financial results, revenue generated from international sales, the impact of our enterprise resource planning systems implementation, the impact of our variable cost structure, and the existence or length of an economic recovery that involves risks and uncertainties. Our actual results could differ from the results contemplated by these forward-looking statements due to certain factors, including those discussed in Part I, Item 1A and elsewhere in this report.

Overview

Comarco, Inc., through its subsidiary Comarco Wireless Technologies, Inc. (collectively, “we,” “Comarco,” or the “Company”), is a leading designer and manufacturer of external mobile power adapters used to power and charge notebook computers, mobile phones, PDAs, and many other rechargeable handheld devices. Comarco is also a provider of wireless test solutions for the wireless industry, as well as a provider of emergency call box systems and related maintenance services. Our operations consist solely of the operations of Comarco Wireless Technologies, Inc. (“CWT”).

Our revenue and related cash flows are primarily derived from sales of our ChargeSource mobile power products, wireless test solutions (“WTS”) products, and emergency call box systems and related maintenance services. We have three reportable segments: ChargeSource, WTS, and Call Box. See “Segment Reporting” in Notes 2 and 20 of notes to our consolidated financial statements included in Part II, Item 8 of this report.

Industry and Company Trends and Uncertainties

Mobile Power Products (ChargeSource)

Designed with the needs of the traveling professional in mind, our ChargeSource external mobile power adapters provide a high level of functionality and compatibility in an industry-leading compact design. Our current and planned ChargeSource product offering consists of external AC/DC, AC, and DC power adapters designed for the right mix of power output and functionality for most retail, OEM, and enterprise customers. Our ChargeSource products are also programmable, allowing those who use rechargeable electronic devices to carry just one power adapter. By simply changing the compact SmartTip connected to the end of the charging cable, our external power adapters are capable of charging and powering multiple devices, including most notebook computers, mobile phones, and many other handheld devices without requiring a peripheral product.

Personal computer manufacturers continue to design and manufacture notebook computers with enhanced functionality and features. These notebook computers generally have greater power requirements. As power requirements increase, so generally does the size of the OEM power adapter sold with each notebook computer. To address this industry wide trend, we have developed a family of compact high-power ChargeSource external power adapters that are compatible with most legacy, current, and planned notebook computers. These new ChargeSource external power adapters are able to deliver up to 120 watts of power in a very small form factor.

Management currently considers the following additional trends, events, and uncertainties to be important to understanding our ChargeSource business:

 

   

As of January 31, 2007, Kensington, a tier-one distributor of consumer electronics, was the exclusive retail channel distributor of our ChargeSource products and has been the source of the majority of our ChargeSource revenue.

 

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During fiscal 2006, we began shipping to Kensington as they obtained product placement within the retail channel.

 

   

During the first quarter of fiscal 2008, we entered into a non-exclusive distribution arrangement with Kensington, thereby terminating our exclusive distribution agreement. Under this non-exclusive agreement, we have the right to penetrate all channels with multiple partners and Kensington has the right to purchase our products at competitive prices without volume minimums. Kensington is also able to purchase mobile power products from our competitors.

 

   

ChargeSource revenue for the fourth quarter of fiscal 2007 decreased to $3.8 million compared to the prior fiscal quarters. Additionally, we entered the first quarter of fiscal 2008 with a backlog of purchase orders from Kensington totaling approximately $0.2 million. We believe Kensington is currently selling through accumulated inventory of our ChargeSource products.

 

   

Due to the transition to a non-exclusive distribution model, we expect to experience some disruption over the next several quarters.

 

   

In response to increased competition, as well as our transition to a non-exclusive distribution model, we expect to achieve lower average selling prices and related gross margins on our ChargeSource products in fiscal 2008.

Wireless Test Solutions

Our WTS business designs and manufactures hardware and software tools for use by wireless carriers, equipment vendors, and others. Radio engineers, network improvement professionals and technicians, and others use these test tools to deploy and optimize wireless networks, and to verify the performance of the wireless networks and resulting quality of service once deployed.

Wireless carriers are the primary customers for our WTS products. These customers operate in an environment driven by new technology, increased competition, and regulatory change. To compete effectively, the wireless carriers must offer their subscribers lower prices, improved quality of service, and innovative new services. Increasing minutes of use, global subscribers, and data-intensive applications are driving higher capacity utilization of existing networks, requiring wireless carriers around the globe to place a greater emphasis on capital expenditures devoted to their wireless networks. Despite this greater emphasis, current demand for our WTS products has decreased compared to the prior fiscal year driven by widespread industry consolidation, delays in purchasing decisions by our customers, increased competition, and increased pricing pressure.

Management currently considers the following additional trends, events, and uncertainties to be important to understanding our WTS business:

 

   

Sales in North America were down for fiscal 2007 compared to fiscal 2006. This decrease is primarily due to reduced sales to Verizon Wireless (“Verizon”) during fiscal 2007 as we completed two significant contracts that were awarded during fiscal 2006. While we expect to upgrade Verizon’s Seven.Five voice and data test systems in fiscal 2008, related upgrade revenue is expected to be less than sales of systems to Verizon during fiscal 2007 and 2006.

 

   

Sales in our European region were down significantly for fiscal 2007 compared to fiscal 2006. SwissQual, which was acquired by Spirent during January 2006, served as the exclusive reseller of our WTS products in our European region through December 31, 2006. SwissQual is now a direct competitor and is actively marketing competing QoS products globally.

 

   

During November 2006, in response to increased competition in the QoS market, we announced a cooperative alliance with Ascom, a leading specialist in wireless onsite communications solutions based in Switzerland, to develop, market, and support next-generation wireless network QoS, optimization, and test measurement systems. Together we are currently developing harmonized test and measurement systems and solutions for 3G and 4G wireless standards, accelerating the availability of upgrades to the

 

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installed base in Europe and our home markets, while enabling the rapid deployment of new products. These harmonized products and solutions are expected to be available during the second half of fiscal 2008. Additionally, we will share sales and support resources with Ascom on a global basis and we no longer intend to establish a direct sales and support organization for our European region.

 

   

We believe our Ascom alliance will enhance our technologies, positioning, and global footprint for sales and support. However, we are unsure as to what long term effect this alliance will have on future sales of our products. Our success will depend in part upon our ability to co-develop harmonized products and solutions under the Ascom alliance.

 

   

Current demand for our next-generation mobile test equipment continues to be soft across all our regions as wireless carriers delay deployment of capital for such mobile test tools. WTS revenue for fiscal 2007 decreased compared to fiscal 2006, underscoring the challenges of our WTS business, which include a consolidating customer base comprised of a relatively small number of wireless carriers and equipment vendors, as well as uncertainty regarding the timing and amount of anticipated orders from such customer base. Additionally, we expect increased competition in our European region from SwissQual and others. We expect our ability to compete on a global basis to be driven by our ability to offer products that cover all current wireless technologies, as well as the timely integration of new technology and functionality into our product platform.

 

   

Under the terms of agreements with both SwissQual and Ascom, we are entitled to receive a portion of revenue derived from certain of their respective sales. The amount to be received is dependant upon the customer and corresponding geographic region, the products sold, their configuration, as well as the hardware and software content of the products. These agreements are reciprocal and we are obligated to make payments to the other parties under similar conditions. As a result, it is difficult to predict when we will receive such revenue from the parties, which could impact any one quarter positively or negatively.

 

   

Through the end of fiscal 2005, revenue attributable to SwissQual sales was deferred until receipt of payment. Commencing with the first quarter of fiscal 2006, we changed our accounting for sales to SwissQual by recognizing revenue on a full accrual basis. This change was made based upon SwissQual’s financial strength and payment history and the lack of our ability to assert financial influence over the operations of SwissQual. WTS revenue for fiscal 2006 was increased by approximately $1.0 million due to this change.

During fiscal 2007, we recorded revenue attributable to Verizon totaling approximately $7.0 million as we completed delivering on a contrract awarded in fiscal 2006 and delivered upgrades to previously purchased systems. During the first quarter of fiscal 2006, we were awarded a contract from Verizon for our Seven.Five voice and data test systems. Verizon was converting its nationwide wireless network to the CDMA EvDO standard, which is considered to be the U.S. equivalent of 3G, and is utilizing Seven.Five to measure the quality of its network. We began delivering on this contract during the second quarter of fiscal 2006 and completed during the fourth quarter of fiscal 2006, and we recorded revenue attributable to this contract totaling approximately $6.7 million, excluding amortization of first year maintenance obligations.

Additionally, during the third quarter of fiscal 2006, we were awarded an additional contract from Verizon to replace data testing equipment previously sourced from a competitor with our Seven.Five data systems. We delivered on the contract during the fourth quarter of fiscal 2006 and recorded revenue attributable to this contract totaling approximately $3.8 million, excluding amortization of first year maintenance obligations.

The two Verizon contracts discussed above were significant to our WTS business and its operations for fiscal 2007 and 2006. While we currently expect to continue to win new business from Verizon during fiscal 2008, we do not expect this new business to recur at the same level achieved during fiscal 2007 and 2006.

 

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Emergency Call Box Systems

Our emergency call box business designs, manufactures, and maintains emergency call box systems. Our call box products provide emergency communication over existing wireless networks. In addition to call box products, we provide system installation and long-term maintenance services. Currently, there are approximately 10,800 call boxes that we maintain under long-term agreements that expire at various dates through February 2011.

Wireless carriers have begun reallocating spectrum away from analog, or first generation, wireless technologies to digital, or 2G and 2.5G, wireless technologies. As a result, state and local governmental agencies are continuing to upgrade their existing call box systems to digital to maintain the functional efficiencies of their call box systems. Our upgraded call box products, based on 2.5G GSM and CDMA wireless technologies, offer a complete solution of current technology and services at a low cost designed to meet our customers’ needs. During fiscal 2007 and 2006, we executed on multiple upgrade contracts primarily driven by the demand for digital wireless technologies. We expect to substantially complete upgrading the installed base in fiscal 2008.

Management currently considers the following additional trends, events, and uncertainties to be important to understanding our call box business:

 

   

During fiscal 2007, we upgraded approximately 4,800 call boxes with digital and/or text-telephony technologies and recorded revenue totaling approximately $10.0 million. Such upgrade revenue also included revenue related to retrofit, site mitigation, and call box removal activities performed in conjunction with the upgrade of the call box systems. During fiscal 2006, we upgraded approximately 1,800 call boxes and recorded revenue totaling approximately $3.1 million, which also includes revenue related to retrofit, site mitigation activities, and call box removal activities.

 

   

During fiscal 2007, we were awarded a contract by Imperial County to upgrade its existing analog call box system with digital and TTY technologies valued at approximately $0.3 million. We commenced work on this contract in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2007 and recorded revenue totaling approximately $0.2 million. We completed this project during the first quarter of fiscal 2008.

 

   

During fiscal 2006, we were awarded a contract by Riverside County to upgrade its existing analog call box system to digital technology. Subsequent to the award, our customer delayed the start of the upgrade project in order to refine the final configuration and scope of the project. During the third quarter of fiscal 2007, we were notified by our customer that the contract will be amended to add TTY devices. We expect to commence work on this project during fiscal 2008.

 

   

As of January 31, 2007, we maintain approximately 10,800 call boxes under maintenance agreements with terms that range from one to ten years. Certain of our SAFE customers have removed or have indicated that they intend to remove call boxes to reduce the density of the systems and to make funds available for the necessary digital and TTY upgrades. During fiscal 2007 the installed base of call boxes under maintenance contracts was reduced by approximately 1,500 call boxes.

 

   

During fiscal 2007, the contract to upgrade approximately 1,400 call boxes owned by Capital Valley Regional SAFE (“CVRS”) with digital and TTY technologies was awarded to a competitor. In the event the competitor is able to perform under the upgrade contract, we would cease to provide maintenance services is support of the CVRS call box system during the fourth quarter of fiscal 2008 and thereafter. Service revenue attributable to the CVRS maintenance contracted totaled $0.5 million for fiscal 2007.

 

   

We currently expect service revenue attributable to maintenance of existing call box systems to total approximately $3.8 million in fiscal 2008.

 

   

We expect a decline in call box product revenue during fiscal 2008 as we expect to substantially complete the previously awarded digital and TTY upgrade contracts.

 

   

Current and anticipated projects to upgrade and expand existing call box systems are concentrated with several customers that are agencies of California’s state and local governments, from whom we currently generate approximately 86 percent of our call box revenue. In addition, we believe that the

 

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severe financial challenges experienced by California state government created uncertainty for our governmental customers in California, causing them to delay upgrades and expansions of certain call box systems. While this trend appears to have reversed, as evidenced by the awarded projects discussed above, we continue to be vulnerable to the spending patterns of our customers that are concentrated in California.

Critical Accounting Policies

The preparation of our consolidated financial statements requires us to apply accounting policies and make certain estimates and judgments. Our significant accounting policies are presented in Note 2 to our consolidated financial statements. Of our significant accounting policies, we believe the following involve a higher degree of uncertainty, subjectivity and judgments. These policies involve estimates and judgments that are inherently uncertain. Changes in these estimates and judgments may significantly impact our annual and quarterly operating results. We have identified the following as our most significant critical accounting policies.

Revenue Recognition

We recognize product revenue upon shipment provided there are no uncertainties regarding customer acceptance, persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, the sales price is fixed or determinable, and collectibility is probable. Generally, our products are shipped FOB named point of shipment, whether it is Lake Forest, our corporate headquarters, or Hong Kong, the shipping point of our ChargeSource products. Shipments to SwissQual, our former exclusive WTS distributor in Europe, are shipped delivery duties unpaid (“DDU”). Under DDU, title and risk of loss for the goods shipped passes to the buyer at destination.

Our WTS products are integrated with embedded software. Accordingly, we recognize revenue using the residual method pursuant to requirements of Statement of Position No. 97-2, “Software Revenue Recognition,” and other applicable revenue recognition guidance and interpretations. Under the residual method, we allocate revenue to the undelivered element, typically maintenance, based on its respective fair value, with the fair value determined by the price charged when that element is sold separately. We amortize the revenue allocated to the maintenance element evenly over the term of the maintenance commitment made at the time of sale. We expense as incurred the costs associated with honoring the maintenance commitment. The revenue attributable to the delivered product is the residual amount after subtracting the revenue allocated to the undelivered element from the sales price. The revenue attributable to the delivered product is recognized following the policy for product sales described above.

We recognize service revenue as the services are performed. Maintenance revenue from extended warranty sales is deferred and recognized ratably over the term of the maintenance agreement, typically 12 to 48 month periods.

Significant management judgments must be made and used in connection with the revenue recognized in any accounting period. For our WTS business, management must make judgments, for example, regarding uncertainties surrounding customer acceptance because some orders may include acceptance test provisions that require we defer revenue upon shipment until such time as the client has accepted the equipment. Material differences may result in the amount and timing of our revenue for any period if our management made different judgments.

Stock-based Compensation

Effective February 1, 2006, the start of our fiscal year 2007, we adopted SFAS No. 123R, “Share-Based Payment” (“SFAS No. 123R”) using the modified prospective method and, therefore, have not revised prior periods’ results for the adoption of this accounting statement. SFAS No. 123R requires all share-based payments to be measured based on the award’s fair value on the date of grant, and is recognized as expense ratably over the requisite service period. We currently use the Black-Scholes option-pricing model to estimate the fair value of

 

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our share-based payments. The Black-Scholes option-pricing model is based on a number of assumptions, including expected volatility, expected forfeiture rates, expected life, risk-free interest rate and expected dividends. If the assumptions change, stock-based compensation may differ significantly from what we have recorded in the past.

For fiscal years 2006 and 2005, stock-based compensation was determined under Accounting Principles Board (“APB”) Opinion No. 25 “Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees” and related interpretations in accounting for stock-based compensation plans.

Software Development Costs

We had $0.2 million of capitalized software as of January 31, 2007, net of accumulated amortization of $8.2 million. Capitalized software amortization expense is included in cost of revenue. We capitalize software developed for sale or lease in accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (“SFAS”) No. 86 (“SFAS No. 86”), “Accounting for Costs of Computer Software to be Sold, Leased, or Otherwise Marketed.” Software costs incurred subsequent to the determination of the technological feasibility of the software product are capitalized. Technological feasibility is generally demonstrated by the completion of a working model. Our policy is to capitalize the costs associated with development of new products and expense the costs associated with new releases, which primarily consist of enhancements or increased functionality of software embedded in existing products. Significant management judgment is required in determining whether technological feasibility has been achieved for a particular software project and in estimating the economic life of the related product. Capitalization ceases and amortization of capitalized costs begins when the software product is available for general release to our customers. Each quarter we compare capitalized software development costs to our estimate of projected revenues quarterly to determine if any impairment in value has occurred that would require an adjustment in the carrying value or change in expected useful lives under the guidelines established under SFAS No. 86. We also continually evaluate the recoverability of software acquired through acquisition or by direct purchase of technology.

Accounts Receivable

We perform ongoing credit evaluations of our customers and adjust credit limits and related terms based upon payment history and the customer’s current credit worthiness. We continually monitor collections and payments from our customers and maintain a provision for estimated credit losses based upon our historical experience and any specific customer collection issues that we have identified. While such credit losses have historically been within our expectations and the provisions established, we cannot guarantee that we will continue to experience the same credit loss rates that we have in the past. Since our accounts receivable are concentrated in a relatively few number of customers, a significant change in the liquidity or financial position of any one of these customers could have a material adverse effect on the collectibility of our accounts receivable and our future operating results.

Specifically, our management must make estimates of the collectibility of our accounts receivable. Management analyzes specific customer accounts and establishes reserves for uncollectible receivables based upon specific identification of account balances that have indications of uncertainty of collection. Indications of uncertainty of collections may include the customer’s inability to pay, customer dissatisfaction, or other factors. Significant management judgments and estimates must be made and used in connection with establishing the allowance for doubtful accounts in any accounting period. Material differences may result in the amount and timing of our losses for any period if management made different judgments or utilized different estimates.

Valuation of Inventory

We value inventory at the lower of the actual cost to purchase and/or manufacture the inventory (calculated on average costs, which approximates first-in, first-out basis) or market value. We regularly review inventory quantities on hand and record a write down of excess and obsolete inventory based primarily on excess quantities

 

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on hand based upon historical and forecasted component usage. As demonstrated during prior periods, demand for our products can fluctuate significantly. A significant increase in the demand for our products could result in a short-term increase in the cost of inventory purchases while a significant decrease in demand could result in an increase in the amount of excess inventory quantities on hand. In addition, our industry is characterized by rapid technological change, frequent new product development, and rapid product obsolescence that could result in an increase in the amount of obsolete inventory quantities on hand. In the future, if our inventory were determined to be overvalued, we would be required to recognize such costs in our cost of goods sold at the time of such determination. Therefore, any significant unanticipated changes in demand or technological developments could have a significant impact on the value of our inventory and our operating results.

Income Taxes

We are required to estimate our provision for income taxes in each of the tax jurisdictions in which we conduct business. This process involves estimating our actual current tax expense in conjunction with the evaluation and measurement of temporary differences resulting from differing treatment of certain items for tax and accounting purposes. These temporary timing differences result in the establishment of deferred tax assets and liabilities, which are recorded on a net basis and included in our consolidated balance sheets. We then assess on a periodic basis the probability that our net deferred tax assets, if any, will be recovered. If after evaluating all of the positive and negative evidence, a conclusion is made that it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the net deferred tax assets will not be recovered, a valuation allowance is provided with a corresponding charge to tax expense to reserve the portion of the deferred tax assets which are estimated to be more likely than not to be realized.

Significant management judgment is required in determining our provision for income taxes, our deferred tax assets and liabilities and any required valuation allowance. During the second quarter of fiscal 2005, as a result of incurring cumulative losses for a three-year period, we established a valuation allowance totaling approximately $2.9 million, or the entire deferred tax asset balance existing as of the beginning of fiscal 2005. This valuation allowance was established based on management’s overall assessment of risks and uncertainties related to our future ability to realize, and hence, utilize certain deferred tax assets, primarily consisting of net operating losses, carry forward temporary differences and future tax deductions resulting from certain types of stock option exercises. Due to the current and prior years’ operating losses, the adjusted net deferred tax assets remain fully reserved as of January 31, 2007.

Valuation of Goodwill

We account for goodwill and intangible assets in accordance with SFAS No. 141, “Business Combinations,” and SFAS No. 142, “Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets.” Accordingly, we no longer amortize goodwill from acquisitions, but continue to amortize other acquisition-related intangibles and costs. As of January 31, 2006, we had $2.4 million of goodwill recorded in our audited consolidated balance sheet.

Under SFAS No. 142, goodwill impairment is deemed to exist if the net book value of a reporting unit exceeds its estimated fair value generally determined using a discounted cash flow methodology applied to the particular unit. This methodology differs from our previous policy, in accordance with accounting standards existing at that time, of using undiscounted cash flows on an enterprise-wide basis to determine recoverability.

We performed our annual goodwill impairment analysis as of January 31, 2007, and identified no impairment. The impairment review is based upon a discounted cash flow approach that uses estimates of future market share and revenue and costs for the reporting units, as well as appropriate discount rates. The estimates used are consistent with the plans and estimates that we use to manage the underlying businesses. However, if we fail to deliver new products for these groups, if the products fail to gain expected market acceptance, or if market conditions in the related businesses are unfavorable, revenue and cost forecasts may not be achieved and we may incur charges for impairment of goodwill.

 

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For intangible assets with definite useful lives, we amortize the cost over the estimated useful lives and assess any impairment by estimating the future cash flow from the associated asset in accordance with SFAS No. 144 “Accounting for the Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets.” We also annually review the useful lives of each of our intangible assets. As of January 31, 2007, we had $0.8 million of non-goodwill acquired intangible assets recorded in intangible assets, which includes $0.1 million for software rights and $0.7 million for intellectual property rights.

Valuation of Long-Lived Assets

We evaluate long-lived assets used in operations, including purchased intangible assets, when indicators of impairment, such as reductions in demand or significant economic slowdowns that negatively impact our customers or markets, are present. Reviews are performed to determine whether the carrying value of assets is impaired based on comparison to the undiscounted expected future cash flows. If the comparison indicates that there is impairment, the impaired asset is written down to fair value, which is typically calculated using a weighted average of the market approach and the discounted expected future cash flows using a discount rate based upon our cost of capital. Impairment is based on the excess of the carrying amount over the fair value of those assets. Significant management judgment is required in the forecast of future operating results that is used in the preparation of expected discounted cash flows. It is reasonably possible that the estimates of anticipated future net revenue, the remaining estimated economic life of the products and technologies, or both, could differ from those used to assess the recoverability of these assets. In that event, additional impairment charges or shortened useful lives of certain long-lived assets could be required.

Results of Operations—Continuing Operations

The following tables set forth certain items as a percentage of revenue from our audited consolidated statements of operations for fiscal 2007, 2006, and 2005:

Consolidated

 

    Years Ended January 31,     2007 over
2006
% Change
    2006 over
2005
% Change
 
    2007     2006     2005      
    (In thousands)              
          % of
Revenue
          % of
Revenue
          % of
Revenue
             

Revenue:

               

Products

  $ 42,725     89 %   $ 42,260     90 %   $ 24,159     83 %   1 %   75 %

Services

    5,051     11 %     4,618     10 %     5,064     17 %   9 %   (9 %)
                                             
  $ 47,776     100 %   $ 46,878     100 %   $ 29,223     100 %   2 %   60 %
                                             

Operating loss

  $ (501 )     $ (206 )     $ (8,207 )      
                                 

Income (loss) from continuing operations

  $ 1,777 (1)     $ 6,376 (2)     $ (10,381 )      
                                 

(1)

Includes gain on sale of investment in SwissQual totaling $1.7 million.

(2)

Includes gain on sale of investment in SwissQual and intangible asset totaling $6.4 million.

 

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     Years Ended January 31,    2007 over
2006
% Change
    2006 over
2005
% Change
 
     2007    2006    2005     
     (In thousands)             

Revenue:

                      

Americas

                      

North America

   $ 38,570       $ 31,718       $ 15,415       22 %   106 %

Others

     2,171         2,855         6,290       (24 %)   (55 %)

Europe

     6,311         12,022         7,168       (48 %)   68 %

Asia—Pacific

     724         283         350       155 %   (19 %)
                                  
   $ 47,776       $ 46,878       $ 29,223       2 %   60 %
                                  

Revenue

The fiscal 2007 increase in revenue of $0.9 million compared to fiscal 2006, is attributable to a $4.4 million and $5.7 million increase in sales by our ChargeSource and call box businesses, respectively, offset by a $9.2 million decrease in sales by our WTS business.

The fiscal 2006 increase in revenue of $17.7 million compared to fiscal 2005, is attributable to increased sales from all three of our businesses. The fiscal 2006 increase in revenue for ChargeSource, WTS, and call box businesses totaled $6.5 million, $7.7 million, and $3.4 million, respectively, compared to fiscal 2005. More detailed analysis of the revenue changes appears in the discussion by segments below.

Cost of Revenue and Gross Margin

 

    Years Ended January 31,     2007 over
2006
% Change
    2006 over
2005
% Change
 
    2007     2006     2005      
    (In thousands)              
         % of
Related
Revenue
        % of
Related
Revenue
        % of
Related
Revenue
             

Cost of revenue:

               

Products

  $ 25,165   59 %   $ 24,801   59 %   $ 15,474   64 %   2 %   60 %

Amortization—software development products

    1,097   3 %     1,926   4 %     1,971   8 %   (43 %)   (2 %)
                                       
    26,262   62 %     26,727   63 %     17,445   72 %   (2 %)   53 %
                                       

Services

    3,330   66 %     3,163   68 %     3,441   68 %   5 %   (8 %)

Amortization—software development services

    22   —         22   1 %     22   —       —       —    
                                       
    3,352   66 %     3,185   69 %     3,463   68 %   5 %   (8 %)
                                       
  $ 29,614   62 %   $ 29,912   64 %   $ 20,908   72 %   (1 %)   43 %
                           
    Years Ended January 31,     2007 over
2006 ppt
Change
    2006 over
2005 ppt
Change
 
    2007     2006     2005      
    (In thousands)              

Gross margin:

               

Products

    38 %     37 %     28 %   1     9  

Services

    34 %     31 %     32 %   3     (1 )

Combined gross margin

    38 %     36 %     28 %   2     8  

 

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The fiscal 2007 decrease in cost of revenue of $0.3 million compared to fiscal 2006, was attributable to a $0.8 million decrease in amortization of software development, a $1.1 million decrease in ChargeSource inventory charges, partially offset by a $0.6 million increase in subcontractor costs in support of our call box upgrades, and the increase in total revenue.

The fiscal 2006 increase in cost of revenue of $9.0 million compared to fiscal 2005, is primarily attributable to the 75 percent volume increase in product revenue. Cost of product revenue as a percentage of product revenue decreased to 59 percent from 64 percent for fiscal 2005. The fiscal 2006 decrease in cost of product revenue as a percentage of product revenue was primarily due to the 48 percent volume increase in WTS product revenue compared to fiscal 2005, which typically has higher margins compared to our ChargeSource and call box products.

Operating Costs and Expenses

 

    Years Ended January 31,     2007 over
2006
% Change
    2006 over
2005
% Change
 
    2007     2006     2005      
    (In thousands)              
        % of
Revenue
        % of
Revenue
        % of
Revenue
             

Operating expenses:

               

Selling, general, and administrative expenses, excluding corporate overhead

  $ 5,485   11 %   $ 4,386   9 %   $ 5,336   18 %   25 %   (18 %)

Allocated corporate overhead

    5,189   11 %     5,104   11 %     3,665   12 %   2 %   39 %

Gross engineering and support expenses

    7,989   17 %     7,682   17 %     7,521   26 %   4 %   2 %
                                       
  $ 18,663   39 %   $ 17,172   37 %   $ 16,522   56 %   9 %   4 %
                                       

The fiscal 2007 increase in selling, general, and administrative expenses of $1.1 million compared to fiscal 2006, was attributable to several factors including:

 

   

A $0.5 million non-recurring bad debt recovery related to our WTS business recorded in fiscal 2006;

 

   

The fiscal 2007 increase in legal fees of approximately $0.4 million compared to fiscal 2006, relating to the development and protection of our ChargeSource intellectual property rights, and

 

   

The fiscal 2007 increase in selling, general, and administrative expenses of approximately $0.2 million compared to fiscal 2006, relating to increased call box personnel costs.

The fiscal 2006 decrease in selling, general, and administrative expenses of $1.0 million compared to fiscal 2005, was attributable to the recovery of bad debt expense related to our WTS business, totaling approximately $0.5 million in fiscal 2006, compared to bad debt expense recorded in fiscal 2005 of approximately the same amount.

Allocated corporate overhead consists of salaries and other personnel-related expenses of our accounting and finance, human resources and benefits, and other administrative personnel, as well as professional fees, directors’ fees, and other costs and expenses attributable to being a public company. These costs are typically allocated to our three businesses based on each business’s percentage share of total Company costs and expenses. As a percentage of revenue, allocated corporate overhead remained stable at 11 percent of revenue for both fiscal 2007 and 2006.

While allocated corporate overhead for fiscal 2007 increased by less than $0.1 million compared to fiscal 2006, the specific cost components did fluctuate. In fiscal 2007, the Company adopted SFAS No. 123R and

 

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included approximately $0.3 million of non-cash compensation expense in allocated corporate overhead. Additionally, in fiscal 2007 we incurred approximately $0.3 million related to relocating our corporate offices. These fiscal 2007 increases in allocated corporate overhead were offset by a decrease in incentive compensation for our corporate officers totaling $0.5 million compared to fiscal 2006.

The fiscal 2006 increase in allocated corporate overhead of $1.4 million compared to fiscal 2005, was attributable to a $0.5 million increase in consulting fees incurred for Sarbanes-Oxley 404 readiness, a $0.3 million increase in audit and tax professional services expense, and a $0.6 million increase in incentive compensation driven by improved financial results for fiscal 2006.

Gross engineering and support expenses generally consist of salaries, employer paid benefits, and other personnel related costs of our hardware and software design engineers and testing and product support personnel, as well as facility and IT costs, professional and consulting fees, lab costs, material usages, and travel and related costs incurred in the development and support of our products.

The fiscal 2007 increase in engineering and support expenses of $0.3 million compared to fiscal 2006, was primarily attributable to increased WTS engineering costs consisting of wages and related costs, as well as third-party design fees in support of the modification of the Seven.Five QoS software to exclude SwissQual content.

We capitalize costs incurred for the development of software embedded in our WTS products subsequent to establishing technological feasibility. These capitalized costs are subject to an ongoing assessment of recoverability based on anticipated future revenue and changes in hardware and software technologies. Costs that are capitalized include direct labor and related overhead. We did not capitalize any software development costs in fiscal 2007 or 2006.

Other Income, net

Other income, net, consists primarily of interest income earned on invested cash balances. Other income, net, was $0.9 million, $0.3 million, and $0.2 million in fiscal 2007, 2006, and 2005, respectively. The increases in fiscal 2007 and 2006 in other income compared to the respective prior fiscal years was due to increases in our cash balances coupled with higher interest rates.

Gain on Sale of Investment in SwissQual and Intangible Asset

As further discussed in the section entitled “Results of Operations—Wireless Test Solutions” during January 2006, we sold our 18 percent interest in SwissQual. Upon the closing of the transaction, we received approximately $6.8 million of the closing consideration, net of transaction costs, and may receive up to an additional $5.4 million of any escrow distribution and contingent consideration. We recorded a gain on sale of investment totaling $6.1 million, which was based on the cash consideration we received. During fiscal 2007, the Company received $1.7 million of contingent consideration, net of $0.1 million of transaction costs, recorded as gain on sale of investment in SwissQual.

Prior to the sale transaction, SwissQual declared and paid a dividend to its then current shareholders. During January 2006, we recorded the approximately $0.4 million dividend declared as a reduction in the cost basis of our investment in SwissQual. Additionally, during December 2005, we sold rights to software to SwissQual for approximately $0.5 million. At the time of the sale, such software rights had an unamortized book value of approximately $0.2 million. Accordingly, we recorded a gain on sale of intangible assets totaling approximately $0.3 million.

Income Tax Expense (Benefit)

Significant management judgment is required in determining our provision for income taxes, our deferred tax assets and liabilities, and any required valuation allowance. During the second quarter of fiscal 2005, we

 

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established a valuation allowance totaling approximately $2.9 million, or the entire deferred tax asset balance existing as of the beginning of fiscal 2005. This valuation allowance was established based on management’s overall assessment of risks and uncertainties related to our future ability to realize, and hence, utilize certain deferred tax assets, primarily consisting of net operating losses, carry forward temporary differences, and future tax deductions resulting from certain types of stock option exercises. Due to the current and prior years’ operating losses, the adjusted net deferred tax assets remained fully reserved as of January 31, 2007.

During fiscal 2006, we recorded net income of $6.3 million and $0.2 million in AMT income tax expense and utilized approximately $2.8 million of our net operating loss carryforwards. The remaining net deferred tax asset of $3.5 million at January 31, 2006 was fully reserved.

During fiscal 2007, we recorded net income of $1.8 million and recorded $0.4 million in income tax expense, having fully utilized our net operating loss carryforwards. The net deferred tax asset of $4.3 million at January 31, 2007 is fully reserved.

Mobile Power Products (ChargeSource)

 

     Years Ended January 31,    

2007 over
2006
% Change

    2006 over
2005
% Change
 
     2007     2006     2005      
     (In thousands)              
           % of
Revenue
          % of
Revenue
          % of
Revenue
             

Revenue:

                

Products

   $ 16,745     100 %   $ 12,303     100 %   $ 5,788     100 %   36 %   113 %

Services

     —       —         —       —         —       —       —       —    
                                              
   $ 16,745     100 %   $ 12,303     100 %   $ 5,788     100 %   36 %   113 %
                                              

Operating loss

   $ (459 )     $ (3,530 )     $ (4,366 )      
                                  
     Years Ended January 31,     2007 over
2006
% Change
    2006 over
2005
% Change
 
     2007     2006     2005      
     (In thousands)              

Revenue:

                

Americas:

                

North America

   $ 13,346       $ 8,822       $ 5,134       51 %   72 %

Others

     —           —           —         —       —    

Europe

     3,294         3,392         307       (3 %)   1,005 %

Asia—Pacific

     105         89         347       18 %   (74 %)
                                  
   $ 16,745       $ 12,303       $ 5,788       36 %   113 %
                                  
     Years Ended January 31,     2007 over
2006
% Change
    2006 over
2005
% Change
 
     2007     2006     2005      
     (In thousands)              

Revenue:

                

Kensington

   $ 15,425       $ 11,827       $ 948       30 %   1,148 %

Belkin

     —           —           641       —       (100 %)

Targus

     —           —           4,131       —       (100 %)

Battery Biz

     1,055         404         —         161 %   —    

Tumi

     213         —           —         —       —    

Other

     52         72         68       (28 %)   6 %
                                  
   $ 16,745       $ 12,303       $ 5,788       36 %   113 %
                                  

 

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The fiscal 2007 increase in ChargeSource revenue of $4.4 million compared to fiscal 2006, was primarily attributable to an increase in sales to Kensington of $3.6 million. Kensington became our exclusive distributor for the retail channel during the third quarter of fiscal 2005 and we began shipping to Kensington during the first quarter of fiscal 2006 as they achieved product placement in retail. ChargeSource revenue ramped-up during fiscal 2006. First quarter revenue totaled $1.8 million increasing to $4.7 million in the fourth quarter. For the first three quarters of fiscal 2007, ChargeSource revenue ranged between $4.1 million and $4.5 million per quarter. For the fourth quarter of fiscal 2007 ChargeSource revenue decreased to $3.8 million compared to the prior 2007 fiscal quarters. We believe Kensington reduced their orders during the fourth quarter of fiscal 2007 in an effort to reduce their inventory of previously purchased ChargeSource products. As discussed above, this trend continued in the first quarter of fiscal 2008 during which we did not receive significant orders from Kensington. In April 2007, we entered into a new non-exclusive distribution agreement with Kensington.

The fiscal 2006 increase in ChargeSource revenue of $6.5 million compared to fiscal 2005, is primarily attributable to an increase in sales to Kensington as they achieved placement of our ChargeSource products with “Big Box” retailers.

Cost of Revenue and Gross Margin

 

     Years Ended January 31,     2007 over
2006
% Change
    2006 over
2005
% Change
 
     2007     2006     2005      
     (In thousands)              
          % of
Revenue
         % of
Revenue
         % of
Revenue
             

Cost of revenue:

                   

Products

   $ 11,901    71 %   $ 10,548    86 %   $ 6,163    106 %   13 %   71 %

Amortization—software development

     —      —         —            —      —       —       —    
                                           
     11,901    71 %     10,548    86 %     6,163    106 %   13 %   71 %

Services

     —      —         —            —      —       —       —    
                                           
   $ 11,901    71 %   $ 10,548    86 %   $ 6,163    106 %   13 %   71 %
                                           
     Years Ended January 31,     2007 over
2006 ppt
Change
    2006 over
2005 ppt
Change
 
     2007     2006     2005      
     (In thousands)              

Gross margin:

                   

Products

      29 %      14 %      (6 %)   15     20  

Services

      —          —          —       —       —    
                               
      29 %      14 %      (6 %)   15     20  
                               

The fiscal 2007 increase in cost of revenue was attributable to a 36 percent volume increase in revenue compared to fiscal 2006. Cost of revenue for fiscal 2007 and 2006 included scrap and inventory charges totaling $0.2 million and $1.3 million, respectively. Due to the revenue volume increase and a $1.1 million decrease in scrap and inventory charges incurred in fiscal 2007, cost of revenue as a percentage of revenue decreased to 71 percent from 86 percent for fiscal 2006. Additionally, cost of revenue as a percentage of revenue for fiscal 2007 decreased due to improved absorption of fixed manufacturing costs driven by the fiscal 2007 increase in revenue volume compared to fiscal 2006.

The fiscal 2006 increase in cost of revenue was primarily attributable to a 113 percent volume increase in revenue compared to fiscal 2005. Due to the revenue volume increase and related improved absorption of fixed manufacturing for fiscal 2006, costs of revenue as a percentage of revenue decreased to 86 percent from

 

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Table of Contents

106 percent for fiscal 2005. Cost of revenue for fiscal 2006 and 2005 included scrap and inventory charges totaling $1.3 million and $1.1 million, respectively. These charges were attributable to several factors including:

 

   

Transitioning our contract manufacturer from a consignment model to turn-key;

 

   

Write-off of excess inventory and finished goods that were procured and manufactured based on anticipated market demand, and

 

   

Write-off of finished goods that were manufactured for our former distribution partners.

Excluding these scrap and inventory charges, cost of revenue as a percentage of revenue for fiscal 2006 and fiscal 2005 was 75 percent and 87 percent, respectively.

Operating Costs and Expenses

 

     Years Ended January 31,     2007 over
2006
% Change
    2006 over
2005
% Change
 
     2007     2006     2005      
     (In thousands)              
          % of
Revenue
         % of
Revenue
         % of
Revenue
             

Operating expenses:

                   

Selling, general, and administrative expenses, excluding corporate overhead

   $ 1,723    10 %   $ 1,406    11 %   $ 1,055    18 %   22 %   33 %

Allocated corporate overhead

     1,849    11 %     1,710    14 %     994    17 %   8 %   72 %

Gross engineering and support expenses

     1,731    10 %     2,169    18 %     1,942    34 %   (20 %)   12 %
                                           
   $ 5,303    31 %   $ 5,285    43 %   $ 3,991    69 %   —       32 %
                                           

Selling, general, and administrative expenses generally consist of salaries, employer paid benefits, commissions and other personnel related costs of our management, sales, marketing and administrative personnel, facility and IT costs, professional fees, advertising, promotions, printed media, and travel directly attributable to our ChargeSource business.

The fiscal 2007 increase in selling, general, and administrative expenses in fiscal 2007 of $0.3 million compared to fiscal 2006, was primarily attributable to increased legal fees relating to the development and protection of our intellectual property rights.

Selling, general, and administrative expenses for fiscal 2006 increased by approximately $0.4 million compared to fiscal 2005. In fiscal 2006 we increased our reserve for uncollectible accounts receivable by approximately $0.2 million, as a result of a voluntary mediation held on April 4, 2006 between Targus and CWT. This additional reserve recorded in fiscal 2006 brings the net receivable balance due from Targus down to $500,000, the amount Targus paid pursuant to an executed settlement agreement. Additionally, during fiscal 2005, we recovered a bad debt expense in the amount of approximately $0.3 million. No similar cost recovery was realized in fiscal 2006.

See the section above entitled “Consolidated” under the caption “Operating Costs and Expenses” for a discussion of allocated corporate overhead.

Gross engineering and support expenses generally consist of salaries, employer paid benefits, and other personnel related costs of our electrical and mechanical design engineers and testing and product support personnel, as well as facility and IT costs, professional and consulting fees, lab costs, material usages, and travel and related costs incurred in the development and support of our ChargeSource business.

 

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Table of Contents

The fiscal 2007 decrease in engineering and support expenses of $0.4 million compared to fiscal 2006, was primarily attributable to reduced personnel costs, primarily contract labor, as well as reduced independent lab testing fees. During fiscal 2007, our design and development efforts focused on a single external high-power adapter platform intended to meet the requirements of retail distribution, as well as the notebook computer OEMs. Currently, we expect to release this platform in various configurations during the third quarter of fiscal 2008.

The fiscal 2006 increase in engineering and support expenses of $0.2 million compared to fiscal 2005, was primarily due to the addition of engineering design resources, including employees, temporary labor, and outside design consultants, in support of numerous development programs intended to address the need for external high- and low-power adapters, OEM design and performance requirements, and national and international regulatory requirements.

Wireless Test Solutions (“WTS”)

Revenue

 

     Years Ended January 31,     2007 over
2006
% Change
    2006 over
2005
% Change
 
     2007     2006     2005      
     (In thousands)              
           % of
Revenue
         % of
Revenue
          % of
Revenue
             

Revenue:

                 

Products

   $ 14,653     96 %   $ 24,327    99 %   $ 16,475     98 %   (40 %)   48 %

Services

     654     4 %     207    1 %     365     2 %   216 %   (43 %)
                                             
   $ 15,307     100 %   $ 24,534    100 %   $ 16,840     100 %   (38 %)   46 %
                                             

Operating income (loss)

   $ (1,978 )     $ 1,675      $ (4,431 )      
                                 
     Years Ended January 31,     2007 over
2006
% Change
    2006 over
2005
% Change
 
     2007     2006     2005      
     (In thousands)              

Revenue:

                 

Americas:

                 

North America

   $ 9,500       $ 12,855      $ 3,686       (26 %)   249 %

Others

     2,171         2,855        6,290       (24 %)   (55 %)

Europe

     3,017         8,630        6,861       (65 %)   26 %

Asia—Pacific

     619         194        3       219 %   6,367 %
                                 
   $ 15,307       $ 24,534      $ 16,840       (38 %)   46 %
                                 

The fiscal 2007 decrease of product revenue of $9.7 million compared to fiscal 2006 was attributable to decreased sales to Verizon and SwissQual, the former exclusive reseller of our WTS products in our European region. Fiscal 2007 product revenue from Verizon decreased approximately $4.9 million to $7.0 million from $11.9 million for fiscal 2006. As discussed above, we were awarded two significant contracts from Verizon during fiscal 2006 which were completed during fiscal 2006 and 2007. Additionally, fiscal 2007 sales to SwissQual decreased approximately $6.3 million to $2.5 million from $8.8 million for fiscal 2006. Due to the sale of SwissQual to Spirent in January 2006, SwissQual ceased to be our reseller in Europe effective December 31, 2006.

The fiscal 2006 increase in product revenue of $7.9 million compared to fiscal 2005, was primarily due to the two significant contracts from Verizon for the purchase of our Seven.Five voice and data systems. These contracts were significant to our WTS business and its operations for fiscal 2006 and were primarily responsible

 

32


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for the fiscal 2006 revenue increase in our North American region, which increased 249 percent compared to fiscal 2005. Revenue in fiscal 2006 derived from our customers in Latin America/South America decreased 55 percent compared to fiscal 2005. This decrease highlights that the wireless industry is composed of a relatively small number of wireless carriers and equipment vendors, which can lead to volatility in our results and that our business is characterized by sales to a limited set of customers in each region where we do business. The timing and size of customer orders can vary greatly making it difficult to forecast our results from period to period. Consequently, our WTS business is affected in any single region by the priorities of a small group of customers.

Cost of Revenue and Gross Margin

 

     Years Ended January 31,     2007 over
2006
% Change
    2006 over
2005
% Change
 
     2007     2006     2005      
     (In thousands)              
           % of
Related
Revenue
         % of
Related
Revenue
         % of
Related
Revenue
             

Cost of revenue:

                   

Products

   $ 5,119    35 %   $ 10,896    45 %   $ 8,284    50 %   (53 %)   32 %

Amortization—software development

     1,097    7 %     1,926    8 %     1,971    12 %   (43 %)   (2 %)
                                           
     6,216    42 %     12,822    53 %     10,255    62 %   (51 %)   25 %
                                           

Services

     270    41 %     73    35 %     28    8 %   270 %   161 %
                                           
   $ 6,486    42 %   $ 12,895    53 %   $ 10,283    61 %   (50 %)   25 %
                               
    

Years Ended January 31,

    2007 over
2006 ppt
Change
    2006 over
2005 ppt
Change
 
     2007     2006     2005      
     (In thousands)              

Gross margin:

                   

Products

      58 %      47 %      38 %   11     9  

Services

      59 %      65 %      92 %   (6 )   (27 )

Combined gross margin

      58 %      47 %      39 %   11     8  

The fiscal 2007 decrease in cost of revenue was attributable to the 40 percent volume decrease in product revenue compared to fiscal 2006, as well as other factors. Cost of product revenue as a percentage of product revenue decreased to 35 percent from 45 percent for fiscal 2006. The fiscal 2007 decrease in cost of product revenue as a percentage of product revenue was due to the following factors:

 

   

Cost of product revenue for fiscal 2007 and 2006 included approximately $0.5 million and $1.1 million of incremental allocated fixed manufacturing costs, respectively, resulting in a fiscal 2007 decrease of approximately $0.6 million compared to fiscal 2006. This decrease was driven by the decrease in product revenue for fiscal 2007;

 

   

We typically achieve a lower net revenue on sales to SwissQual due to required revenue sharing under the distribution and sales agreement. For fiscal 2007, sales to SwissQual as a percentage of total WTS revenue decreased to 17 percent from 36 percent for fiscal 2006;

 

   

During the second and third quarters of fiscal 2007, we shipped several higher-margin Seven.Five upgrade orders. No similar upgrade orders were shipped during fiscal 2006, and

 

   

During the fourth quarter of fiscal 2007, we recorded approximately $1.1 million in revenue sharing from SwissQual under the distribution and sales agreement. The related products sold had no cost borne by us and increased our gross profit by the revenue sharing received.

 

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Table of Contents

The fiscal 2006 increase in cost of revenue was attributable to a 48 percent volume increase in product revenue compared to fiscal 2005, as well as other factors. Cost of product revenue as a percentage of product revenue decreased to 45 percent from 50 percent for fiscal 2005. The fiscal 2006 decrease in cost of product revenue as a percentage of product revenue was due to the following factors:

 

   

Increased year-over-year sales in North America made by our direct sales force, which provided increased net revenue to Comarco on sales of our Seven.Five products as compared to sales made by SwissQual in our European region. For fiscal 2006, sales to SwissQual as a percentage of total WTS revenue decreased to 36 percent from 39 percent for fiscal 2005;

 

   

No sales of third-party non-core products with lower gross margins during fiscal 2006, and

 

   

Increased absorption of fixed manufacturing overhead attributable to increased manufacturing activity experienced by our other two segments.

Fiscal 2007 and 2006 amortization of previously capitalized software development costs, which totaled approximately $1.1 million and $1.9 million, respectively, is currently expected to be approximately $0.2 million for fiscal 2008, which will fully amortize the remaining net capitalized software development costs existing as of January 31, 2007.

Operating Costs and Expenses

 

    Years Ended January 31,     2007 over
2006
% Change
    2006 over
2005
% Change
 
    2007     2006     2005      
    (In thousands)              
        % of
Revenue
        % of
Revenue
        % of
Revenue
             

Operating costs and expenses:

               

Selling, general, and administrative expenses, excluding corporate overhead

  $ 3,258   21 %   $ 2,641   11 %   $ 3,946   24 %   23 %   (33 %)

Allocated corporate overhead

    1,858   12 %     2,488   10 %     2,084   12 %   (25 %)   19 %

Gross engineering and support expenses

    5,683   37 %     4,835   20 %     4,958   29 %   18 %   (2 %)

Capitalized software development costs

    —     —         —     —         —     —       —       —    
                                       
  $ 10,799   70 %   $ 9,964   41 %   $ 10,988   65 %   8 %   (9 %)
                                       

Selling, general, and administrative expenses generally consist of salaries, employer paid benefits, commissions and other personnel related costs of our sales, marketing and support personnel, facility and IT costs, professional fees, advertising, promotions, printed media, and travel directly attributable to our WTS business.

The fiscal 2007 increase in selling, general, and administrative expenses of $0.6 million compared to fiscal 2006, was attributable to a $0.5 million non-recurring bad debt recovery recorded in fiscal 2006. In fiscal 2007, we recorded approximately $0.1 million in bad debt expense to reserve potentially uncollectible accounts receivable.

The fiscal 2006 decrease in selling, general, and administrative expenses of $1.3 million compared to fiscal 2005, was due to the following factors:

 

   

During fiscal 2006, we collected bad debts totaling approximately $0.5 million, which were previously reserved during the prior fiscal year, and

 

   

Fiscal 2005 included a $0.4 million charge recognized in settlement of a dispute with a significant customer based in Latin America.

 

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Table of Contents

Excluding these charges and subsequent collections of bad debts, selling, general, and administrative expenses in fiscal 2006 were comparable to fiscal 2005.

See the section above entitled “Consolidated” under the caption “Operating Costs and Expenses” for a discussion of allocated corporate overhead.

Gross engineering and support expenses generally consist of salaries, employer paid benefits, and other personnel related costs of our hardware and software design engineers and testing and product support personnel, as well as facility and IT costs, professional and consulting fees, lab costs, material usages, and travel and related costs incurred in the development and support of our WTS business.

The fiscal 2007 increase in gross engineering and support costs of $0.8 million compared to fiscal 2006, was primarily attributable to increased WTS engineering costs consisting of wages and related costs, as well as third-party design fees in support of the effort to modify the Seven.Five QoS software to exclude SwissQual content. The fiscal 2007 increase in wages and related costs, and third-party design fees totaled approximately $0.5 million compared to fiscal 2006.

We capitalize costs incurred for the development of software embedded in our WTS products subsequent to establishing technological feasibility. These capitalized costs are subject to an ongoing assessment of recoverability based on anticipated future revenue and changes in hardware and software technologies. Costs that are capitalized include direct labor and related overhead. We did not capitalize any software development costs in fiscal 2007 and 2006 as we completed the development of the software embedded in our Seven.Five product platform during the first half of fiscal 2004. Currently, we do not expect to capitalize software development costs during fiscal 2008.

During January 2006, Spirent acquired 100 percent of the outstanding shares of SwissQual, including our 18 percent ownership interest, for consideration totaling up to approximately $71.3 million. Approximately $37.6 million in cash was paid at the close of the transaction, which is net of $2.5 million of transaction costs, with an additional $9.1 million put into escrow to secure certain indemnification obligations. The escrowed consideration is expected to be released within 24 months of the close. In addition, up to $22.1 million in contingent consideration may be paid within 24 months upon satisfaction of certain performance and other requirements. Upon the closing of the transaction, we received approximately $6.8 million of the closing consideration, which is net of $0.5 million of transaction costs, for our 18 percent ownership interest in SwissQual and may receive up to an additional $5.4 million of any escrow distribution and contingent consideration. During January 2006, we recorded a gain on sale of investment totaling $6.1 million, which was based on the cash consideration we received.

During fiscal 2007, we received $1.7 million of contingent consideration net of $0.1 million of transaction costs, recorded as gain on sale of investment in SwissQual. Due to uncertainty as to timing and amount of any escrow distribution and remaining contingent consideration, we will record an additional gain only when the contingencies have lapsed and the funds are probable of receipt.

Prior to the acquisition, SwissQual declared and paid a dividend to the then current shareholders. During January 2006, we recorded the approximately $0.4 million dividend declared as a reduction in the cost basis of our investment in SwissQual. Additionally, during December 2005, we sold rights to software to SwissQual for approximately $0.5 million. At the time of the sale, such software rights had an unamortized book value of approximately $0.2 million. Accordingly, we recorded a gain on sale of the intangible asset totaling approximately $0.3 million.

 

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Table of Contents

The gain on sale of investment in SwissQual and intangible asset is comprised of the following (in thousands):

 

     Years Ended January 31,  
           2007                2006        

Sale of investment in SwissQual:

     

Cash proceeds

   $ 1,687    $ 6,774  

Less: Cost basis

     —        (1,073 )

 Dividend declared (before withholding)

     —        420  
               

Gain on sale of investment in SwissQual

   $ 1,687    $ 6,121  

Sale of intangible asset:

     

Cash proceeds

     —        550  

Less: Cost basis

     —        (233 )
               

Gain on sale of intangible asset

     —        317  
               

Gain on sale of investment in SwissQual and intangible asset

   $ 1,687    $ 6,438  
               

Emergency Call Box Systems

 

     Years Ended January 31,     2007 over
2006
% Change
    2006 over
2005
% Change
 
     2007     2006     2005      
     (In thousands)              
          % of
Revenue
         % of
Revenue
         % of
Revenue
             

Revenue:

                   

Products

   $ 11,327    72 %   $ 5,630    56 %   $ 1,896    29 %   101 %   197 %

Services

     4,397    28 %     4,411    44 %     4,699    71 %       (6 %)
                                           
   $ 15,724    100 %   $ 10,041    100 %   $ 6,595    100 %   57 %   52 %
                                           

Operating income

   $ 1,936      $ 1,649      $ 590       
     Years Ended January 31,     2007 over
2006
% Change
    2006 over
2005
% Change
 
     2007     2006     2005      
     (In thousands)              

Revenue:

                   

Americas:

                   

North America

   $ 15,724      $ 10,041      $ 6,595      57 %   52 %

Others

     —          —          —             

Europe

     —          —          —             

Asia—Pacific

     —          —          —             
                               
   $ 15,724      $ 10,041      $ 6,595      57 %   52 %
                               

Revenue

The fiscal 2007 increase in call box product revenue of $5.7 million compared to fiscal 2006, was primarily attributable to an increase in sales of digital and TTY upgrades to our installed base of call box systems under maintenance contracts. As discussed above, during fiscal 2007, we upgraded approximately 4,800 call boxes with digital and/or TTY technologies and recorded revenue totaling approximately $10.0 million. Such upgrade revenue also included revenue related to retrofit, site mitigation, and call box removal activities performed in conjunction with the upgrade of the call box systems. For fiscal 2006 we upgraded approximately 1,800 call boxes and recorded revenue totaling approximately $3.1 million, which also includes revenue related to retrofit, site mitigation activities, and call box removal activities. Non-upgrade revenue for fiscal 2007 and 2006 totaled

 

36


Table of Contents

approximately $1.3 million and $2.5 million, respectively. During fiscal 2006, we sold 218 new digital and TTY call boxes valued at approximately $1.2 million to a customer in Hawaii. We do not maintain this call box system.

The fiscal 2006 increase in call box product revenue of $3.7 million compared to fiscal 2005, was primarily attributable to sales of digital and TTY upgrades to our installed base of call box systems under maintenance contracts. Upgrade activity during fiscal 2005 was minor.

Cost of Revenue and Gross Margin

 

     Years Ended January 31,     2007 over
2006
% Change
    2006 over
2005
% Change
 
     2007     2006     2005      
     (In thousands)              
           % of
Related
Revenue
         % of
Related
Revenue
         % of
Related
Revenue
             

Cost of revenue:

                   

Products

   $ 8,145    72 %   $ 3,357    60 %   $ 1,027    54 %   143 %   227 %

Services

     3,060    70 %     3,090    70 %     3,413    73 %   (1 %)   (9 %)

Amortization—software development

     22    —         22    1 %     22    —       —       —    
                                           
     3,082    70 %     3,112    71 %     3,435    73 %   (1 %)   (9 %)
                                           
   $ 11,227    71 %   $ 6,469    64 %   $ 4,462    68 %   74 %   45 %
                               
    

Years Ended January 31,

    2007 over
2006 ppt
Change
    2006 over
2005 ppt
Change
 
     2007     2006     2005      
     (In thousands)              

Gross margin:

                   

Products

      28 %      40 %      46 %   (12 )   (6 )

Services

      30 %      29 %      27 %   1     2  

Combined gross margin

      29 %      36 %      32 %   (7 )   4  

The fiscal 2007 increase in cost of revenue was primarily attributable to a 101 percent volume increase in product revenue compared to fiscal 2006. Cost of product revenue for fiscal 2007 included approximately $0.6 million of incremental subcontractor costs compared to fiscal 2006. Due to the significant increase in upgrade activities during fiscal 2007, we utilized third parties to perform certain upgrade installation, site mitigation, and retrofit work to a much greater extent compared to fiscal 2006. Also driven by the significant increase in upgrade activity during fiscal 2007, we incurred approximately $0.8 million of incremental allocated fixed manufacturing costs compared to fiscal 2006. During fiscal 2007, more of our manufacturing resources were utilized to meet the increased demand for call box upgrades which increased the allocation of such costs to call box cost of product revenue. As a result, cost of product revenue as a percentage of product revenue for fiscal 2007 increased to 72 percent from 60 percent for fiscal 2006. Excluding the incremental subcontractor costs and allocated fixed manufacturing costs discussed above, cost of product revenue as a percentage of product revenue for fiscal 2007 was 60 percent and consistent with fiscal 2006.

The fiscal 2006 increase in cost of revenue was primarily attributable to a 197 percent volume increase in product revenue compared to fiscal 2005. Cost of product revenue for fiscal 2006 included a $0.3 million inventory charge to write down excess and obsolete inventory to market value based on current and future market demand. There was no such charge incurred during fiscal 2005. As a result, cost of product revenue as a percentage of product revenue for fiscal 2006 increased to 60 percent from 54 percent for fiscal 2005. Excluding the fiscal 2006 inventory charge, cost of product revenue as a percentage of product revenue for fiscal 2006 was

 

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54 percent and consistent with fiscal 2005. As a percentage of service revenue, cost of service revenue in fiscal 2006 decreased to 70 percent from 73 percent for fiscal 2005. While service revenue for fiscal 2006 decreased by approximately $0.3 million compared to fiscal 2005, material usage in support of service revenue decreased by approximately the same amount. This decrease in fiscal 2006 was due to several factors including a reduced number of damaged call boxes repaired under flat rate maintenance contracts.

Operating Costs and Expenses

 

    Years Ended January 31,     2007 over
2006
% Change
    2006 over
2005
% Change
 
    2007     2006     2005      
    (In thousands)              
        % of
Revenue
        % of
Revenue
        % of
Revenue
             

Operating expenses:

               

Selling, general, and administrative expenses, excluding corporate overhead

  $ 504   3 %   $ 339   3 %   $ 335   5 %   49 %   1 %

Allocated corporate overhead

    1,482   9 %     906   9 %     587   9 %   64 %   54 %

Gross engineering and support expenses

    575   4 %     678   7 %     621   9 %   (15 %)   9 %
                                       
  $ 2,561   16 %   $ 1,923   19 %   $ 1,543   23 %   33 %   25 %
                                       

Selling, general, and administrative expenses generally consist of salaries, employer paid benefits, commissions and other personnel related costs of our management, inside sales, and administrative personnel, facility and IT costs, professional fees, advertising, promotions, printed media, and travel directly attributable to our call box business.

The fiscal 2007 increase in selling, general, and administrative expenses of $0.2 million compared to fiscal 2006, was primarily related to increased personnel costs. As a percentage of revenue, selling, general, and administrative expenses remained flat at 3 percent of revenue compared to fiscal 2006.

See the section above entitled “Consolidated” under the caption “Operating Costs and Expenses” for a discussion of allocated corporate overhead.

Gross engineering and support expenses generally consist of salaries, employer paid benefits, and other personnel related costs of our hardware and software design engineers and testing and product support personnel, as well as facility and IT costs, professional and consulting fees, lab costs, material usages, and travel and related costs incurred in the development and support of our call box business.

The fiscal 2007 decrease in engineering and support expenses of $0.1 million compared to fiscal 2006, was due to decreased product development activity during fiscal 2007 and reduced consumption of development material. The redesign of our TTY upgrade device was substantially completed during fiscal 2006.

Business Outlook

Fiscal 2008 is expected to be a year of transition. We currently expect to continue to transition the retail distribution of our ChargeSource products to multiple distribution partners under non-exclusive distribution agreements. Shipments to Kensington under a recently executed non-exclusive distribution agreement are expected to commence during the second half of fiscal 2008. Additionally, fiscal 2008 revenue from sales to Kensington are expected to be significantly less than achieved during fiscal 2007.

We are currently developing two ChargeSource products specifically for a leading OEM of notebook computers to be branded and marketed by the OEM in conjunction with the sale of notebook computers. If

 

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successful, we expect to go into volume production during the second half of fiscal 2008. Our ChargeSource business is also responding to interest from the leading OEMs for small form factor power adapters to be sold “in-the-box” with notebook computers. It is difficult to predict the timing and amount of any revenue attributable to this “in-the-box” initiative. However, we are in negotiations with tier-one electronics contract manufactures to enable us to execute on these highly price-competitive high volume opportunities.

During fiscal 2007, demand for our WTS products decreased compared to the prior fiscal year due to widespread industry consolidation, delays in purchasing decisions by customers, primarily wireless carriers, and increased competition and price pressure. It is difficult to predict when these negative trends will abate or improve. While it may take several quarters for market demand to recover, we continue to develop the next-generation 3G and 4G wireless network optimization and QoS systems through our alliance with Ascom AG, a leading Swiss company with the largest installed base of wireless QoS systems in the world. These new products are expected to be available for sale during the second half of fiscal 2008. We currently expect WTS revenue for fiscal 2008 to be less than WTS revenue for fiscal 2007.

During fiscal 2008, our call box business is expected to substantially complete the digital and TTY upgrade contracts awarded in the prior fiscal years. As a significant portion of the installed base was upgraded during fiscal 2007, we expect call box revenue for fiscal 2008 to decrease compared to fiscal 2007. During fiscal 2007, the amount and timing of call upgrade revenue was impacted by customer delays. Upgrade contracts expected to be completed during fiscal 2008 could also be subject to customer delays.

Discontinued Operations

On January 6, 2004, we sold the net assets of our reporting unit EDX. This reporting unit was formerly included in the wireless test solutions segment, and has been classified as discontinued operations.

Income from discontinued operations was $596,000 for fiscal 2004, which includes income from operations of $258,000 on revenue of $1.1 million, plus an after-tax gain of $319,000 on the sale of EDX.

Additionally, during fiscal 2001, we sold our defense and commercial staffing businesses, the non-wireless businesses.

In fiscal 2005, we recorded income of $325,000 related primarily to the release of indemnification provisions provided by the terms of one of these sale transactions.

In fiscal 2006, we recorded expense of $45,000, primarily related to workers compensation expenses related to the staffing business. As of January 31, 2006, all estimated exit costs of the sale of both EDX and the non-wireless businesses have been utilized.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

The following table is a summary of our Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows:

 

     Years Ended January 31,  
     2007     2006    2005  
     (In thousands)  

Cash provided by (used in):

       

Operating activities

   $ 2,986     $ 7,257    $ (1,814 )

Investing activities

     (2,107 )     6,487      (1,333 )

Financing activities

     (536 )     3      370  

Operating Activities

Cash provided by operating activities of $3.0 million in fiscal 2007 related to net income of $1.8 million as well as non-cash charges for depreciation and amortization, FAS No. 123R compensation expense, and inventory

 

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reserves of $3.1 million, $0.6 million, and $0.6 million, respectively, and a decrease in inventory of $2.6 million offset by the current year gain on sale of SwissQual of $1.7 million, a decrease in accrued liabilities of $3.1 million, and an increase in accounts receivable of $1.2 million. The decrease in accrued liabilities relates primarily to the payout of fiscal 2006 accrued bonuses of $1.2 million and a reduction in accrued uninvoiced receipts for inventory purchases.

Previously, we included cash flows from discontinued operations as a single amount in our consolidated statement of cash flows. In fiscal 2006, we separately disclosed the components of cash flows of discontinued operations, reconciled operating cash flows from net income rather than income from continuing operations, and restated our statements of cash flows for fiscal 2005 to conform to the current presentation.

Cash Flows from Investing Activities

We purchased $3.2 million of property and equipment in fiscal 2007 compared to $0.8 million of property and equipment in fiscal 2006 and $1.3 million in fiscal 2005. The increase in current year capital expenditures of $2.4 million relates primarily to tenant improvements of $1.4 million made relating to our corporate relocation as well as equipment built for a revenue sharing contract with one of our WTS customers. The decrease in fiscal 2006 is primarily due to transitioning manufacturing of our ChargeSource products from in-house to a contract manufacturer located in China. Accordingly, we no longer have requirements to acquire, upgrade, and maintain ChargeSource production equipment. Additionally, we have outsourced the design of non-critical components to our supply chain located in Asia, which has reduced our on-going investment in tooling.

During the first half of fiscal 2004, we completed the software development of our Seven.Five product platform, which is compatible with all 2G, 2.5G, and 3G wireless technologies. During fiscal 2005 and subsequent to the completion of the development program, we transitioned into a maintenance mode. Accordingly, we capitalized no software development costs in fiscal 2007, 2006, and 2005. In fiscal 2004, we capitalized software development costs totaling $2.8 million. Currently, we do not expect to capitalize any software development in fiscal 2008 as our Seven.Five product platform is a modular solution that can be upgraded for new wireless technologies and configured for all wireless carriers irrespective of the wireless technologies deployed. In conjunction with the development and maintenance of Seven.Five, we expended $0.1 million, $0.3 million, and $0.1 million in fiscal 2007, 2006, and 2005, respectively, on rights to various wireless technologies.

During January 2006, we sold our 18 percent interest in SwissQual to Spirent. See the “Wireless Test Solutions” section of Item 7, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.”

Prior to the acquisition by Spirent, SwissQual declared and paid a dividend to its then current shareholders. During January 2006, we recorded the approximately $0.4 million dividend declared as a reduction in the cost basis of our investment in SwissQual. As of January 31, 2006, we received approximately $0.3 million, net of $0.1 million withheld by Swiss tax authorities which was recaptured in the first quarter of fiscal 2008. Additionally, during December 2005, we sold rights to software to SwissQual for approximately $0.5 million. At the time of the sale, such software rights had an unamortized book value of approximately $0.2 million. Accordingly, we recorded a gain on sale of intangible assets totaling approximately $0.3 million.

Cash Flows from Financing Activities

During 1992, our Board of Directors authorized a stock repurchase program of up to 3.0 million shares of our common stock. From program inception through January 31, 2007, we repurchased approximately 2.6 million shares for an average price of $8.24 per share.

During fiscal 2007, we repurchased approximately 58,000 shares in the open market for a total cost of approximately $0.5 million, or an average price of $9.17 per share. During fiscal 2006 we had no stock

 

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repurchases. Net cash provided by financing activities was $0.4 million in fiscal 2005. In fiscal 2005 proceeds from the sales of common stock issued through employee and director stock option plans constituted all of our cash flows from financing activities.

Subsequent to January 31, 2007 we declared a special dividend of $1.00 per share to shareholders of record on April 5, 2007, paid on April 23, 2007. The amount paid was approximately $7.4 million.

We believe that our existing cash and cash equivalent balances will provide us sufficient funds to satisfy our cash requirements for at least the next 12 months. In addition to our cash and cash equivalent balances, we expect to derive a portion of our liquidity from our cash flows from operations. As discussed above, certain factors and events could negatively affect our cash flows from operations, including:

 

   

In conjunction with our alliance with Ascom, we are currently developing harmonized test and measurement systems. In the event we experience delays in development and deployment of new products we may experience a significant reduction in revenue, operating results and cash flows.

 

   

Due to the uncertainties associated with the spending patterns of our customers and the corresponding demand for our WTS products, we have experienced and expect to continue to experience significant fluctuations in demand. Such fluctuations have caused and may continue to cause significant reductions in revenue, operating results, and cash flows.

 

   

In the event Kensington or any other distributors of our ChargeSource products, are unable to perform under their non-cancelable commitments due to their inability to take delivery of the products and/or pay for such products in a timely manner, we would be required to establish alternative distribution channels. Such significant change would negatively impact our revenue, operating results, and cash flows.

 

   

Should the contract manufacturer of our ChargeSource products become unable to manufacture our ChargeSource products at the level currently anticipated, our operating results and cash flows would be negatively impacted.

We are focused on preserving our cash balances by continuously monitoring expenses, identifying cost savings, and investing only in those development programs and products most likely to contribute to our profitability.

Contractual Obligations

In the course of our business operations, we incur certain commitments to make future payments under contracts such as operating leases and purchase orders. Payments under these contracts are summarized as follows as of January 31, 2007 (in thousands):

 

     Payments due by Period
     Less than
1 year
   1 to 3
years
   3 to 5
years
   Total

Operating lease obligations

   $ 466    $ 799    $  600    $ 1,865

Purchase obligations

     532      —        —        532
                           
   $ 998    $ 799    $ 600    $ 2,397
                           

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In February 2006, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued SFAS No. 155, “Accounting for Certain Hybrid Instruments,” which amends SFAS No. 133 and SFAS No. 140, “Accounting for Transfers and Servicing of Financial Assets and Extinguishments of Liabilities.” SFAS No. 155 allows financial instruments that have embedded derivatives to be accounted for as a whole (eliminating the need to bifurcate the

 

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derivative from its host) if the holder elects to account for the whole instrument on a fair value basis. SFAS No. 155 also clarifies and amends certain other provisions of SFAS No. 133 and SFAS No. 140. This statement is effective for all financial instruments acquired or issued in fiscal years beginning after September 15, 2006. We will adopt this pronouncement beginning in fiscal year 2008 and such adoption is not expected to have a significant impact on our consolidated financial position or results of operations.

In July 2006, the FASB issued Interpretation No. 48, “Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes” (“FIN 48”). FIN 48 requires the use of a two-step approach for recognizing and measuring tax benefits taken or expected to be taken in a tax return and disclosures regarding uncertainties in income tax positions. We are required to adopt FIN 48 effective February 1, 2007. The cumulative effect of initially adopting FIN 48 is to record an adjustment to opening retained earnings in the year of adoption and should be presented separately. Only tax positions that meet the more likely than not recognition threshold at the effective date may be recognized upon adoption of FIN 48. We are in the process of evaluating the impact of the adoption of the Interpretation on our consolidated financial statements.

In September 2006, the FASB issued SFAS No. 157, “Fair Value Measurements”. This new standard establishes a framework for measuring the fair value of assets and liabilities. This framework is intended to provide increased consistency in how fair value determinations are made under various existing accounting standards that permit, or in some cases require, estimates of fair market value. Statement No. 157 also expands financial statement disclosure requirements about a company’s use of fair value measurements, including the effect of such measures on earnings. This statement is effective for fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2007. While we are currently evaluating the provisions of Statement No. 157, the adoption is not expected to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

In September 2006, the SEC staff issued Staff Accounting Bulletin (SAB) 108, “Considering the Effects of Prior Year Misstatements when Quantifying Misstatements in Current Year Financial Statements.” SAB 108 requires that public companies utilize a “dual-approach” to assess the quantitative effects of financial misstatements. This dual approach includes both an income statement focused assessment and a balance sheet focused assessment. The guidance in SAB 108 must be applied to annual financial statements for fiscal years ending after November 15, 2006. The adoption of SAB 108 did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

In February 2007, the FASB issued SFAS 159, “The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities—Including an Amendment of FASB Statement No. 115.” This standard amends SFAS 115, “Accounting for Certain Investment in Debt and Equity Securities,” with respect to accounting for a transfer to the trading category for all entities with available-for-sale and trading securities electing the fair value option. This standard allows companies to elect fair value accounting for many financial instruments and other items that currently are not required to be accounted as such, allows different applications for electing the option for a single item or groups of items, and requires disclosures to facilitate comparisons of similar assets and liabilities that are accounted for differently in relation to the fair value option. SFAS 159 is effective for fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2007, which for us is fiscal 2009. We do not expect SFAS 159 to have a material impact on our consolidated financial position and results of operations.

 

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ITEM 7A.     QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

Currency Risk

We are exposed to the risk of changes in currency exchange rates. As of January 31, 2007, we had no material accounts receivable denominated in foreign currencies. Our standard terms require customers to pay for our products and services in U.S. dollars. For those orders denominated in foreign currencies, we may limit our exposure to losses from foreign currency transactions through forward foreign exchange contracts. To date, sales denominated in foreign currencies have not been significant and we have not entered into any foreign exchange contracts.

Interest Rate Sensitivity

The primary objective of our investment activities is to preserve principal while at the same time maximizing the income we receive from our investments without significantly increasing risk. Some of the securities that we have invested in may be subject to market risk. This means that a change in prevailing interest rates may cause the principal amount of the investment to fluctuate. For example, if we hold a security that was issued with a fixed interest rate at the then-prevailing rate and the prevailing interest rate later rises, the principal amount of our investment will probably decline in value. To minimize this risk, we maintain a significant portion of our cash balances in money market funds. In general, money market funds are not subject to interest rate risk because the interest paid on such funds fluctuates with the prevailing interest rate.

We do not hold any derivative financial instruments.

Our cash and cash equivalents have maturities dates of three months or less and the fair value approximates the carrying value in our consolidated financial statements.

Equity Price Risk

Our short-term investments consist of balances maintained in a non-qualified deferred compensation plan funded by our executives and directors. We value these investments using the closing market value for the last day of each month. These investments are subject to market price volatility. We reflect these investments on our balance sheet at their market value, with the unrealized gains and losses reflected as adjustments to both short-term investments and the deferred compensation liability.

Due to the inherent risk associated with some of our investments, and in light of current stock market conditions, we may incur future losses on the sales, write-downs, or write-offs of our investments. We do not currently hedge against equity price changes.

 

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ITEM 8.    FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA

COMARCO, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

 

     Page

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

   45

Financial Statements:

  

Consolidated Balance Sheets, January 31, 2007 and 2006

   46

Consolidated Statements of Operations, Years Ended January 31, 2007, 2006, and 2005

   47

Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity, Years Ended January 31, 2007, 2006, and 2005

   48

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, Years Ended January 31, 2007, 2006, and 2005

   49

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

   50

Schedule II—Valuation and Qualifying Accounts, Years Ended January 31, 2007, 2006, and 2005

   79

All other schedules are omitted because the required information is not present in amounts sufficient to require submission of the schedule or because the information required is included in the consolidated financial statements or the notes thereto.

 

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REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

Board of Directors and Stockholders

Comarco, Inc.

Lake Forest, California:

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Comarco, Inc. as of January 31, 2007 and January 31, 2006, and the related consolidated statements of operations, stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended January 31, 2007. We have also audited the information in the schedule listed in the accompanying index. These consolidated financial statements and schedule are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements and schedule based on our audits.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements and schedule are free of material misstatement. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. Our audits include consideration of internal control over financial reporting as a basis for designing audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion. An audit also includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements and schedule, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements and schedule. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of Comarco, Inc. at January 31, 2007 and 2006, and the consolidated results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended January 31, 2007, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

As discussed in Note 2, the Company adopted, effective February 1, 2006, Statement of Financial Accounting Standard No. 123R, “Share-Based Payment.”

Also, in our opinion, the information in the schedule presents fairly, in all material respects, the information set forth therein.

/s/ BDO Seidman, LLP        

Costa Mesa, California

April 23, 2007

 

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COMARCO, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(In thousands, except share data)

 

     January 31,
     2007    2006
ASSETS      

Current Assets:

     

Cash and cash equivalents

   $ 26,360    $ 26,017

Short-term investments

     897      1,166

Accounts receivable, net of reserves of $111 and $78

     10,942      9,285

Accounts receivable subject to litigation, net of reserves of $0 and $480

     —        500

Inventory, net of reserves of $600 and $1,910

     5,452      8,749

Other current assets

     427      423
             

Total current assets

     44,078      46,140

Property and equipment, net

     3,331      1,595

Software development costs, net

     243      1,361

Acquired intangible assets, net

     820      1,257

Goodwill

     2,394      2,394

Restricted cash

     500      —  

Other assets

     47      58
             

Total assets

   $ 51,413    $ 52,805
             
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY      

Current Liabilities:

     

Accounts payable

   $ 718    $ 727

Deferred revenue

     2,586      3,676

Deferred compensation

     897      1,166

Accrued liabilities

     6,259      9,324
             

Total current liabilities

     10,460      14,893

Deferred income taxes

     59      —  

Deferred rent

     767      —  

Deferred revenue

     2,138      1,804
             

Total liabilities

     13,424      16,697
             

Commitments and Contingencies and Subsequent Event

     

Stockholders’ Equity:

     

Preferred stock, no par value, 10,000,000 shares authorized; no shares issued or outstanding at January 31, 2007 and 2006, respectively

     —        —  

Common stock, $0.10 par value, 50,625,000 shares authorized; 7,371,637 and 7,422,542 shares issued and outstanding at January 31, 2007 and 2006, respectively

     737      742

Additional paid-in capital

     14,163      14,054

Retained earnings

     23,089      21,312
             

Total stockholders’ equity

     37,989      36,108
             

Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity

   $ 51,413    $ 52,805
             

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

 

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COMARCO, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(In thousands, except per share data)

 

     Years Ended January 31,  
     2007     2006     2005  

Revenue:

      

Products

   $ 42,725     $ 42,260     $ 24,159  

Services

     5,051       4,618       5,064  
                        
     47,776       46,878       29,223  
                        

Cost of revenue:

      

Products

     26,262       26,727       17,445  

Services

     3,352       3,185       3,463  
                        
     29,614       29,912       20,908  
                        

Gross profit

     18,162       16,966       8,315  

Selling, general, and administrative expenses

     10,674       9,490       9,001  

Engineering and support expenses

     7,989       7,682       7,521  
                        

Operating loss

     (501 )     (206 )     (8,207 )

Other income, net

     941       345       180  

Gain on sale of investment in SwissQual and intangible asset

     1,687       6,438       —    

Minority interest in loss of subsidiary

     —         —         72  
                        

Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes and discontinued operations

     2,127       6,577       (7,955 )

Income tax expense

     350       201       2,426  
                        

Income (loss) from continuing operations

     1,777       6,376       (10,381 )

Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of income tax expense of $0, $0, and $0

     —         (45 )     325  
                        

Net income (loss)

   $ 1,777     $ 6,331     $ (10,056 )
                        

Basic and diluted income (loss) per share:

      

Income (loss) from continuing operations

   $ 0.24     $ 0.86     $ (1.41 )

Discontinued operations

     —         (0.01 )     0.04  
                        

Net income (loss)

   $ 0.24     $ 0.85     $ (1.37 )
                        

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

 

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COMARCO, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

(In thousands, except share data)

 

     Common
Stock Par
Value
    Additional
Paid-in
Capital
    Retained
Earnings
    Total  

Balance at January 31, 2004, 7,284,374 shares

   $ 728     $ 13,126     $ 25,037     $ 38,891  

Net loss

     —         —         (10,056 )     (10,056 )

Exercise of stock options, 45,000 shares

     5       236       —         241  

Minority interest resulting from exercise of subsidiary options

     —         (6 )     —         (6 )

Issuance of common stock to acquire subsidiary minority interest, 92,668 shares

     9       695       —         704  
                                

Balance at January 31, 2005, 7,422,042 shares

     742       14,051       14,981       29,774  

Net income

     —         —         6,331       6,331  

Exercise of stock options, 500 shares

     —         3       —         3  
                                

Balance at January 31, 2006, 7,422,542 shares

     742       14,054       21,312       36,108  

Net income

     —         —         1,777       1,777  

Exercise of stock options, 7,525 net shares

     1       (1 )     —         —    

Purchase and retirement of common stock, 58,430 shares

     (6 )     (530 )     —         (536 )

Tax benefit from exercise of stock options

     —         85       —         85  

Stock based compensation expense

     —         555       —         555  
                                

Balance at January 31, 2007, 7,371,637 shares

   $ 737     $ 14,163     $ 23,089     $ 37,989  
                                

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

 

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CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(In thousands)

 

     Years Ended January 31,  
     2007     2006     2005  
                 (See Note 5)  

CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:

      

Net income (loss)

   $ 1,777     $ 6,331     $ (10,056 )

Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities:

      

Depreciation and amortization

     3,148       3,828       4,525  

Gain on sale of investment in SwissQual

     (1,687 )     (6,122 )     —    

Stock based compensation expense

     555       —         —    

Gain on sale of software development

     —         (317 )     —    

Loss (gain) on disposal of property and equipment

     (35 )     28       152  

Tax benefit from exercise of stock options

     85       —         —    

Deferred income taxes

     59       —         2,876  

Provision (benefit) for doubtful accounts receivable

     91       (273 )     267  

Provision for obsolete inventory

     647       1,748       960  

Minority interest in earnings of subsidiary

     —         —         (72 )

Changes in operating assets and liabilities:

      

Accounts receivable

     (1,248 )     (3,136 )     3,439  

Amounts due from affiliate

     —         —         1,527  

Inventory

     2,649       (2,048 )     (3,258 )

Other assets

     8       541       (216 )

Accounts payable

     (9 )     626       (436 )

Deferred revenue

     (756 )     1,733       (1,729 )

Deferred rent

     767       —         —    

Accrued liabilities

     (3,065 )     4,318       207  
                        

Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities

     2,986       7,257       (1,814 )
                        

CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:

      

Purchases of property and equipment

     (3,245 )     (832 )     (1,288 )

Proceeds from sales of property and equipment

     36       5       57  

Proceeds from sale of investment in SwissQual

     1,687       6,774       —    

Proceeds from SwissQual dividend, net

     —         273       —    

Proceeds from sale of capitalized software

     —         550       —    

Acquired intangible assets

     (85 )     (283 )     (102 )

Increase in restricted cash

     (500 )     —         —    
                        

Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities

     (2,107 )     6,487       (1,333 )
                        

CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:

      

Net proceeds from issuance of common stock

     —         3       241  

Proceeds from issuance of subsidiary common stock

     —         —         129  

Purchase and retirement of common stock

     (536 )     —         —    
                        

Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities

     (536 )     3       370  
                        

Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents

     343       13,747       (2,777 )

Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period

     26,017       12,270       15,047  
                        

Cash and cash equivalents, end of period

   $ 26,360     $ 26,017     $ 12,270  
                        

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

 

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COMARCO, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

 

1. Organization

Comarco, Inc., through its subsidiary Comarco Wireless Technologies, Inc. (collectively, “we,” “Comarco,” or the “Company”), is a leading designer and manufacturer of external mobile power adapters used to power and charge notebook computers, mobile phones, and many other rechargeable handheld devices. Comarco is also a provider of wireless test solutions for the wireless industry, as well as a provider of emergency call box systems and related maintenance services. Our operations consist solely of the operations of Comarco Wireless Technologies, Inc. (“CWT”), which was incorporated in the state of Delaware in September 1993. Comarco, Inc. is a California corporation whose common stock has been publicly traded since 1971 when it was spun-off from Genge Industries, Inc.

 

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Principles of Consolidation

The consolidated financial statements of the Company include the accounts of Comarco, Inc. and CWT. All material intercompany balances, transactions, and profits have been eliminated.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the years reported. Actual results could materially differ from those estimates.

Certain accounting principles require subjective and complex judgments to be used in the preparation of financial statements. Accordingly, a different financial presentation could result depending on the judgments, estimates, or assumptions that are used. Such estimates and assumptions include, but are not specifically limited to, those required in the valuation of long-lived assets, allowance for doubtful accounts, reserves for inventory obsolescence, and valuation allowances for deferred tax assets.

Revenue Recognition

Revenue from product sales is recognized upon shipment of products provided there are no uncertainties regarding customer acceptance, persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, the sales price is fixed or determinable, and collectibility is probable. The Company’s wireless test solutions products are integrated with embedded software. Accordingly, the Company’s revenue is recognized using the residual method pursuant to the requirements of Statement of Position No. 97-2, “Software Revenue Recognition,” and other applicable revenue recognition guidance and interpretations. Under the residual method, revenue is allocated to the undelivered element, typically maintenance, based on its respective fair value, with the fair value determined by the price charged when that element is sold separately. The revenue allocated to the maintenance element is amortized to revenue evenly over the term of the maintenance commitment made at the time of the sale. The costs associated with honoring the maintenance commitment are charged to expense as incurred. The revenue attributable to the delivered product is the residual amount after subtracting the revenue allocated to the undelivered element from the sales price. The revenue attributable to the delivered product is recognized following the policy for product sales described above.

Revenue from services is recognized as the services are performed. Maintenance revenue from extended warranty sales is deferred and recognized ratably over the term of the maintenance agreement.

 

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

 

Cash and Cash Equivalents

All highly liquid investments with remaining maturity dates of three months or less when acquired are classified as cash and cash equivalents. The fair value of cash and cash equivalents approximates the amounts shown in the financial statements. Cash and cash equivalents are generally maintained in uninsured accounts.

Short-Term Investments

Short-term investments consist of balances maintained in a non-qualified deferred compensation plan funded by Company executives and directors. These investments are tradable at the discretion of the funding executives and directors and are subject to claims by the Company’s general creditors. Accordingly, these investments are classified as trading securities. Trading securities are recorded at market value based on current market quotes and totaled $0.9 million and $1.2 million as of January 31, 2007 and 2006, respectively. Unrealized holding gains on these short-term investments recorded for the years ended January 31, 2007, 2006, and 2005 were $127,000, $54,000, and $100,000, respectively, and are reflected as adjustments to both short-term investments and the deferred compensation liability.

Inventory

Inventory is valued at the lower of cost (calculated on average cost, which approximates first-in, first-out basis) or market value.

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Additions, improvements, and major renewals are capitalized; maintenance, repairs, and minor renewals are expensed as incurred. Depreciation and amortization is calculated on a straight-line basis over the expected useful lives of the property and equipment. The expected useful lives of office furnishings and fixtures are five to seven years, and of equipment and purchased software are two to five years.

Research and Development and Software Development Costs

Research and development costs are charged to expense as incurred and are included in engineering and support costs. During fiscal 2007, 2006, and 2005 we incurred approximately $5.7 million, $5.5 million, and $5.2 million in research and development expense. Costs incurred for the development of software embedded in the Company’s wireless test solutions products that will be sold are capitalized when technological feasibility has been established. Technological feasibility is generally demonstrated by the completion of a working model. These capitalized costs are subject to an ongoing assessment of recoverability based on anticipated future revenue and changes in hardware and software technologies. Costs that are capitalized include direct labor and related overhead.

Amortization of software development costs begins when the product is available for general release. Amortization is provided on a product-by-product basis on the shorter of the straight-line method over periods ranging from two to five years or the sales ratio method that is based on expected unit sales and the estimated life of the product. Unamortized software development costs determined to be in excess of net realizable value of the related product is expensed immediately.

Goodwill and Acquired Intangible Assets

Goodwill, which represents the excess of purchase price over fair value of net assets acquired in a business combination, is recorded at cost.

 

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

 

Effective February 1, 2002, the Company implemented SFAS No. 142, “Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets.” SFAS No. 142 established new standards for goodwill acquired in a business combination, eliminated amortization of goodwill, and set forth methods for periodically evaluating goodwill for impairment. Under SFAS No. 142, goodwill impairment is deemed to exist if the net book value of a reporting unit exceeds its estimated fair value generally determined using a discounted cash flow methodology applied to the particular unit. This methodology differs from the Company’s previous policy, in accordance with accounting standards existing at that time, of using undiscounted cash flows on an enterprise-wide basis under SFAS No. 121, “Accounting for the Impairment of Long-Lived Assets and for Long-Lived Assets to Be Disposed Of” to determine recoverability. An annual impairment review is performed during the fourth quarter of each year. At January 31, 2007, the Company identified no impairment.

Long-Lived Assets

In accordance with SFAS No. 144, “Accounting for the Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets,” the Company evaluates long-lived assets, including intangible assets other than goodwill, for impairment when indicators of impairment are present and the undiscounted cash flows estimated to be generated by those assets are less than the assets’ carrying amounts. Factors considered important which could trigger an impairment review include, but are not limited to, significant underperformance relative to expected historical or projected future operating results, significant changes in the manner of use of the assets or the strategy for the Company’s overall business, and significant negative industry or economic trends. If such assets are identified to be impaired, the impairment to be recognized is the amount by which the carrying value of the asset exceeds the fair value of the asset. No impairments were identified during the year ended January 31, 2007.

Assets to be disposed of are separately presented in the balance sheet and reported at the lower of the carrying amount or fair value less costs to sell, and are no longer depreciated.

Investment in SwissQual

On July 31, 2001, the Company acquired an 18 percent equity stake in SwissQual for $1.0 million in cash. Based in Zuchwil, Switzerland, SwissQual is a developer of voice quality systems and software for measuring, monitoring, and optimizing the quality of mobile, fixed, and IP-based voice and data communications. On January 24, 2006, the Company sold its 18 percent minority interest in SwissQual (see Note 4).

Income Taxes

As part of the process of preparing its consolidated financial statements the Company is required to estimate its provision for income taxes in each of the tax jurisdictions in which it conducts business. This process involves estimating the Company’s actual current tax expense in conjunction with the evaluation and measurement of temporary differences resulting from differing treatment of certain items for tax and accounting purposes. These temporary timing differences result in the establishment of deferred tax assets and liabilities, which are recorded on a net basis and included in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. On a periodic basis, the Company assesses the probability that its net deferred tax assets, if any, will be recovered. If after evaluating all of the positive and negative evidence, a conclusion is made that it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the net deferred tax assets will not be recovered, a valuation allowance is provided with a corresponding charge to tax expense to reserve the portion of the deferred tax assets which are estimated to be more likely than not to be realized.

Significant management judgment is required in determining the Company’s provision for income taxes, its deferred tax assets and liabilities, and any required valuation allowance. During the second quarter of fiscal 2005, as a result of incurring cumulative losses for a three-year period, the Company established a valuation allowance

 

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

 

totaling approximately $2.9 million, or the entire deferred tax asset balance existing as of the beginning of fiscal 2005. This valuation allowance was established based on management’s overall assessment of risks and uncertainties related to the Company’s future ability to realize, and hence, utilize certain deferred tax assets, primarily consisting of net operating losses, carry forward temporary differences and future tax deductions resulting from certain types of stock option exercises. Due to the current and prior years’ operating losses, the adjusted net deferred tax assets remain fully reserved as of January 31, 2007.

In the third quarter of fiscal 2005, the Company recorded a tax benefit of $446,000 due to the generation of refund claims created upon completion of fiscal 2004 corporate tax returns in the third quarter of fiscal 2005.

During fiscal 2006, the Company recorded net income of $6.3 million and utilized approximately $2.8 million of its net operating loss carryforwards. The remaining net deferred tax asset of $3.5 million at January 31, 2006 was fully reserved.

During fiscal 2007, the Company recorded net income of $1.8 million, utilized its remaining federal and California net operating loss carryforwards, and recorded income tax expense of $350,000. The remaining net deferred tax asset of $4.3 million, at January 31, 2007, continues to be fully reserved.

Warranty Costs

The Company provides limited warranties for new call box sales for a period of 90 days and ChargeSource products for a period generally not to exceed 15 months. The Company accrues for the estimated cost of warranties at the time revenue is recognized. The accrual is a fixed rate which is consistent with the Company’s actual claim experience. Should actual warranty claim rates differ from the Company’s estimates, revisions to the liability would be required.

The Company generally provides a one year warranty for wireless test solutions products. As discussed above, the revenue allocated to maintenance is amortized to revenue evenly over the term of the maintenance commitment made at the time of the sale. The costs associated with honoring the maintenance commitment are charged to expense as incurred.

Minority Interest

As discussed further in Note 15, the Company has a subsidiary stock option plan whereby officers and employees of CWT may be granted options to purchase common stock of CWT. During, fiscal 2007, 2006, and 2005 no options were granted under the subsidiary option plan. During fiscal 2007 and 2006 no options were exercised and, accordingly, no minority interest in earnings was recorded in those years. During fiscal 2005, the Company issued 30,000 shares of CWT stock from the exercise of CWT stock options and acquired 66,000 minority shares of CWT through the issuance of 92,668 shares of Company common stock. Under the purchase method of accounting, the excess price of $456,000 during fiscal 2005 of the minority interest in CWT over the fair value of the proportionate share of the identifiable net assets of CWT has been recognized as definite-lived intangible assets attributable to intellectual property rights. There are 3,000 options outstanding under the subsidiary option plan as of January 31, 2007.

Concentrations of Credit Risk

The Company’s cash and cash equivalents are principally on deposit in a non-insured short-term asset management account at a large financial institution. Accounts receivable potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk. The Company’s customer base is comprised primarily of large companies (see

 

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

 

Note 6). The Company generally does not require collateral for accounts receivable. When required, the Company maintains allowances for credit losses, and to date such losses have been within management’s expectations. Once a specific account receivable has been reserved for as potentially uncollectible, the Company’s policy is to continue to pursue collections for a period of up to one year prior to recording a receivable write-off.

Segment Reporting

The Company follows SFAS No. 131, “Disclosures About Segments of an Enterprise and Related Information,” which establishes standards for the manner in which public companies report information about operating segments in annual and interim financial statements. It also establishes standards for related disclosures about products and services, geographic areas, and major customers. The method for determining what information to report is based on the way management organizes the operating segments within a company for making operating decisions and assessing financial performances. The Company organizes its segment reporting on the basis of product/service type.

The Company operates in three business segments: wireless test solutions, call box, and mobile power products.

The Company’s chief executive officer (“CEO”) is its chief operating decision-maker. The financial information that the CEO reviews to manage and evaluate the business and allocate resources is similar to the information presented in the accompanying consolidated statements of income focusing on revenues and gross profit for each segment.

Earnings (Loss) Per Common Share

Basic earnings (loss) per share is computed by dividing net income (loss) by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period excluding the dilutive effect of potential common stock, which consists of stock options. Diluted earnings per share gives effect to all dilutive potential common stock outstanding during the period. The effect of such potential common stock is computed using the treasury stock method (see Note 16).

 

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

 

Stock-Based Compensation

The Company grants stock options for a fixed number of shares to employees with an exercise price equal to the fair value of the shares at the date of grant. Prior to February 1, 2006, the Company accounted for stock option grants using the intrinsic method in accordance with Accounting Principles Board (“APB”) Opinion No. 25, “Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees” and related interpretations in accounting for its stock-based compensation plans. The Company adopted the disclosure-only provisions of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (“SFAS”) No. 123 (“SFAS No. 123”), “Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation.” Accordingly, no compensation expense was recognized for the stock option grants. Had compensation cost for the Company’s stock option plans been determined based on the fair value at the grant date for awards during the years ended January 31, 2006 and 2005, consistent with the provisions of SFAS No. 123, the Company’s net income (loss), basic income (loss) per share, and diluted income (loss) per share would have been adjusted to the pro forma amounts as follows (in thousands except per share amounts):

 

     Years Ended January 31,  
     2006     2005  

Net income (loss):

    

As reported

   $ 6,331     $ (10,056 )

Deduct: Total stock-based employee compensation expense determined under fair value based method for all awards, net of related tax effects

     (275 )     (472 )
                

Pro forma

   $ 6,056     $ (10,528 )
                

Income (loss) per common share—basic:

    

As reported

   $ 0.85     $ (1.37 )

Pro forma

     0.82       (1.44 )

Income (loss) per common share—diluted:

    

As reported

   $ 0.85     $ (1.37 )

Pro forma

     0.82       (1.44 )

The per share weighted-average fair value of employee and director stock options granted during the years ended January 31, 2006 and 2005 was $4.23 and $4.08, respectively, on the date of grant using the Black Scholes option-pricing model with the following weighted-average assumptions:

 

     Years Ended January 31,  
     2006     2005  

Expected dividend yield

   0.0 %   0.0 %

Expected volatility

   50.1 %   46.9 %

Weighted average risk-free interest rate

   3.8 %   3.8 %

Expected life (in years)

   6     6  

Expected forfeitures

   10 %   10 %

As of February 1, 2006, the Company adopted SFAS No. 123R, “Share-Based Payment,” (“SFAS No. 123R”) using the modified prospective method, which requires measurement of compensation cost for all stock awards at fair value on date of grant and recognition of compensation over the service period for awards expected to vest. The fair value of stock options is determined using the Black-Scholes valuation model, which is consistent with the Company’s valuation techniques previously utilized for options in footnote disclosures required under SFAS No. 123, and requires the input of subjective assumptions. These assumptions include estimating the length of time employees will retain their vested stock options before exercising them (the “expected term”), the estimated volatility of the common stock price over the expected term, and the number of options that will ultimately not complete their vesting requirements (“forfeitures”). Changes in these subjective

 

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

 

assumptions can materially affect the estimate of fair value of stock-based compensation and, consequently, the related amount recognized as an expense on the consolidated statements of operations. As required under the accounting rules, the Company reviews its valuation assumptions at each grant date and, as a result, is likely to change its valuation assumptions used to value employee stock-based awards granted in future periods. The values derived from using the Black-Scholes model are recognized as expense over the vesting period, net of estimated forfeitures. The estimation of stock awards that will ultimately vest requires significant judgment. Actual results, and future changes in estimates, may differ from the Company’s current estimates. Prior periods have not been restated to incorporate the stock-based compensation charge.

The per share weighted-average fair value of employee and director stock options granted during the year ended January 31, 2007 was $5.36 on the date of grant using the Black Scholes option-pricing model with the following weighted-average assumptions:

 

    

Year Ended

January 31, 2007

 

Expected dividend yield

   0.0 %

Expected volatility

   44.2 %

Weighted average risk-free interest rate

   4.8 %

Expected life (in years)

   6.1  

Expected forfeitures

   10.6 %

The compensation expense recognized in connection with the adoption of SFAS No. 123R was $555,000 for the year ended January 31, 2007. Thus, the diluted income per share decreased by $0.06 for the year ended January 31, 2007. There was no impact on cash flows from operating, investing, or financing activities in connection with the adoption of SFAS No. 123R. The total compensation cost related to nonvested awards not yet recognized is approximately $1.0 million, which will be expensed over a weighted average remaining life of 19.1 months.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The estimated fair values of the Company’s financial instruments have been determined using available market information. The estimates are not necessarily indicative of the amounts the Company could realize in a current market exchange. The use of different market assumptions and/or estimation methodologies may have an effect on the estimated fair value amounts. The fair value of current financial assets, current liabilities, and other assets are estimated to be equal to their carrying amounts.

Reclassifications

Certain prior period balances have been reclassified to conform to the current period presentation.

Comprehensive Income

SFAS No. 130, “Reporting Comprehensive Income,” requires additional disclosures in the consolidated financial statements to reflect net unrealized gains (losses) on available for sale securities, net of income tax. The Company had no unrealized gains (losses) on available for sale securities and therefore there was no difference between net income (loss) and comprehensive income (loss) for the years ended January 31, 2007, 2006, and 2005.

 

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

 

3. Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In February 2006, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued SFAS No. 155, “Accounting for Certain Hybrid Instruments,” which amends SFAS No. 133 and SFAS No. 140, “Accounting for Transfers and Servicing of Financial Assets and Extinguishments of Liabilities.” SFAS No. 155 allows financial instruments that have embedded derivatives to be accounted for as a whole (eliminating the need to bifurcate the derivative from its host) if the holder elects to account for the whole instrument on a fair value basis. SFAS No. 155 also clarifies and amends certain other provisions of SFAS No. 133 and SFAS No. 140. This statement is effective for all financial instruments acquired or issued in fiscal years beginning after September 15, 2006. The Company will adopt this pronouncement beginning in fiscal year 2008 and such adoption is not expected to have a significant impact on the Company’s consolidated financial position or results of operations.

In July 2006, the FASB issued Interpretation No. 48, “Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes” (“FIN 48”). FIN 48 requires the use of a two-step approach for recognizing and measuring tax benefits taken or expected to be taken in a tax return and disclosures regarding uncertainties in income tax positions. The Company is required to adopt FIN 48 effective February 1, 2007. The cumulative effect of initially adopting FIN 48 is to record an adjustment to opening retained earnings in the year of adoption and should be presented separately. Only tax positions that meet the more likely than not recognition threshold at the effective date may be recognized upon adoption of FIN 48. The Company is in the process of evaluating the impact of the adoption of the Interpretation on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

In September 2006, the FASB issued SFAS No. 157, “Fair Value Measurements”. This new standard establishes a framework for measuring the fair value of assets and liabilities. This framework is intended to provide increased consistency in how fair value determinations are made under various existing accounting standards that permit, or in some cases require, estimates of fair market value. Statement No. 157 also expands financial statement disclosure requirements about a company’s use of fair value measurements, including the effect of such measures on earnings. This statement is effective for fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2007. While the Company is currently evaluating the provisions of Statement No. 157, the adoption is not expected to have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.

In September 2006, the SEC staff issued Staff Accounting Bulletin (SAB) 108, “Considering the Effects of Prior Year Misstatements when Quantifying Misstatements in Current Year Financial Statements”. SAB 108 requires that public companies utilize a “dual-approach” to assess the quantitative effects of financial misstatements. This dual approach includes both an income statement focused assessment and a balance sheet focused assessment. The guidance in SAB 108 must be applied to annual financial statements for fiscal years ending after November 15, 2006. The adoption of SAB 108 did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

In February 2007, the FASB issued SFAS 159, “The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities—Including an Amendment of FASB Statement No. 115.” This standard amends SFAS 115, “Accounting for Certain Investment in Debt and Equity Securities,” with respect to accounting for a transfer to the trading category for all entities with available-for-sale and trading securities electing the fair value option. This standard allows companies to elect fair value accounting for many financial instruments and other items that currently are not required to be accounted as such, allows different applications for electing the option for a single item or groups of items, and requires disclosures to facilitate comparisons of similar assets and liabilities that are accounted for differently in relation to the fair value option. SFAS 159 is effective for fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2007, which for Comarco is fiscal 2009. The Company does not expect SFAS 159 to have a material impact on its consolidated financial position and results of operations.

 

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

 

4. Gain on Sale of Investment in SwissQual and Intangible Asset

During fiscal 2002, the Company purchased an 18 percent equity stake in Switzerland based SwissQual AG (“SwissQual”) for approximately $1.1 million. SwissQual is a developer of quality of service systems and software for measuring, monitoring, and optimizing the quality of mobile, fixed, and IP-based voice and data communications. Under this alliance, SwissQual was responsible for reselling and supporting Comarco’s co-branded Seven.Five products in Europe, the Middle East, and North Africa (the Company’s “European” region) through December 31, 2006. The Company has a revenue sharing agreement in place that determines how much revenue Comarco earns from SwissQual sales and, conversely, how much revenue SwissQual earns from the Company’s sales to customers located outside the European region.

During January 2006, Spirent plc (“Spirent”) acquired 100 percent of the outstanding shares of SwissQual for consideration totaling up to approximately $71.3 million. Approximately $37.6 million in cash was paid at the close of the transaction, which is net of $2.5 million of transaction costs, with an additional $9.1 million put into escrow to secure certain indemnification obligations. The escrowed consideration is expected to be released within 24 months of the close. In addition, up to $22.1 million in contingent consideration may be paid within 24 months upon satisfaction of certain performance and other requirements. Upon the closing of the transaction, the Company received approximately $6.8 million of the closing consideration, which is net of $0.5 million of transaction costs, for its 18 percent ownership interest in SwissQual and may receive up to an additional $5.4 million of any escrow distribution and contingent consideration. During January 31, 2006, the Company recorded a gain on sale of investment totaling $6.1 million, which was based on cash consideration received by the Company. During fiscal 2007, the Company received $1.7 million of contingent consideration, net of $0.1 million of transaction costs, recorded as gain on sale of investment in SwissQual. Due to uncertainty as to timing and amount of any escrow distribution and remaining contingent consideration, the Company expects to record an additional gain as the contingency lapses and the funds are probable of receipt.

Prior to the acquisition, SwissQual declared and paid a dividend to the then current shareholders. During January 2006, Comarco recorded the approximately $0.4 million dividend declared as a reduction in the cost basis of the Company’s investment in SwissQual. Additionally, during December 2005, the Company sold rights to software to SwissQual for approximately $0.5 million. At the time of the sale, such software rights had an unamortized book value of approximately $0.2 million. Accordingly, the Company recorded a gain on sale of the intangible asset totaling approximately $0.3 million.

The gain on sale of investment in SwissQual and intangible asset is comprised of the following (in thousands):

 

     Years Ended January 31,  
         2007            2006      

Sale of investment in SwissQual:

     

Cash proceeds

   $ 1,687    $ 6,774  

Less: Cost basis

     —        (1,073 )

 Dividend declared

     —        420  
               

Gain on sale of investment

   $ 1,687    $ 6,121  

Sale of intangible asset:

     

Cash proceeds

     —        550  

Less: Cost basis

     —        (233 )
               

Gain on sale of intangible asset

     —        317  
               

Gain on sale of investment in SwissQual and intangible asset

   $ 1,687    $ 6,438  
               

 

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COMARCO, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

 

5. Discontinued Operations

On January 6, 2004, Comarco sold the assets of the reporting unit EDX. This reporting unit was formerly included in the wireless test solutions segment. Gross proceeds from the sale totaled $600,000.

Additionally, during fiscal 2001, the Company sold its defense and commercial staffing businesses, the non-wireless businesses. Adjustments made to the estimated exit costs of these businesses are recorded as discontinued operations.

Following is summarized financial information for the discontinued operations (in thousands):

 

     Years Ended January 31,
     2007    2006     2005

Revenue

   $  —      $  —       $  —  
                     

Income from discontinued operations of EDX (net of income tax expense (benefit) of $0, $0, and $0, respectively)

   $ —      $ —       $ —  

Income (loss) from discontinued operations of non-wireless businesses (net of income tax expense of $0, $0, and $0, respectively)

     —        (45 )     325
                     

Income (loss) from discontinued operations

   $ —      $ (45 )   $ 325
                     

Previously, the Company included cash flows from discontinued operations as a single amount in its consolidated statement of cash flows. In fiscal 2006, the Company separately disclosed the components of cash flows of discontinued operations, reconciled operating cash flows from net income rather than income from continuing operations, and restated its statement of cash flows for fiscal 2005 to conform to the current presentation.

 

6. Customer Concentrations

A significant portion of the Company’s revenue is derived from a limited number of customers. The customers providing 10 percent or more of the company’s revenue for the years ended January 31, 2007, 2006, and 2005 are listed below (in thousands, except percentages).

 

     Years Ended January 31,  
     2007     2006     2005  

Total revenue

   $ 47,776    100 %   $ 46,878    100 %   $ 29,223    100 %

Customer concentration:

               

Verizon Wireless

     7,002    15 %     11,885    25 %     —       

Kensington Technology Group

     15,425    32 %     11,827    25 %     —       

SwissQual

     2,525    5 %     8,788    19 %     6,564    22 %

Targus, Inc.  

     —            —            4,131    14 %

TIM Cellular, S.A.  

     —            —            4,305    15 %
                                       
   $ 24,952    52 %   $ 32,500    69 %   $ 15,000    51 %
                                       

 

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COMARCO, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

 

The customers comprising 10 percent or more of the Company’s gross accounts receivable as of January 31, 2007 and 2006 are listed below (in thousands, except percentages).

 

     Years Ended January 31,  
     2007     2006  

Total gross accounts receivable

   $ 11,053    100 %   $ 9,363    100 %

Customer concentration:

          

Kensington Technology Group

     2,975    27 %     3,292    35 %

MTC SAFE

     1,531    14 %     —      —    

SwissQual

     1,185    11 %     2,335    25 %
                          
   $ 5,691    52 %   $ 5,627    60 %
                          

 

7. Accounts Receivable

Accounts receivable consist of the following (in thousands):

 

     January 31,  
     2007     2006  

Trade accounts receivable

   $ 11,053     $ 9,363  

Less: Allowances for doubtful accounts

     (111 )     (78 )
                
   $ 10,942     $ 9,285  
                

 

8. Inventory

Inventory, net of reserves, consists of the following (in thousands):

 

     January 31,
     2007    2006

Raw materials

   $ 1,912    $ 4,359

Work-in-process

     195      915

Finished goods

     3,345      3,475
             
   $ 5,452    $ 8,749
             

 

9. Property and Equipment

Property and equipment consist of the following (in thousands):

 

     January 31,  
     2007     2006  

Office furnishings and fixtures

   $ 2,211     $ 1,677  

Equipment

     9,024       8,683  

Purchased software

     505       369  
                
     11,740       10,729  

Less: Accumulated depreciation and amortization

     (8,409 )     (9,134 )
                
   $ 3,331     $ 1,595  
                

 

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COMARCO, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

 

Depreciation and amortization expense for fiscal 2007, 2006, and 2005 totaled $1.5 million, $1.4 million, and $2.0 million, respectively.

During fiscal 2007, fully depreciated leasehold improvements with a cost basis of $867,000 were retired upon the Company’s corporate relocation in the third quarter of fiscal 2007. These assets were reported under office furnishings and fixtures in the table above in fiscal 2006.

During fiscal 2006, equipment with a cost basis of $360,000 and accumulated depreciation of $340,000 was retired upon completion of fixed asset physical inventory observations.

 

10. Software Development Costs

Software development costs consist of the following (in thousands):

 

     January 31,  
     2007     2006  

Capitalized software development costs

   $ 8,444     $ 8,444  

Less: Accumulated amortization

     (8,201 )     (7,083 )
                
   $ 243     $ 1,361  
                

Capitalized software development costs for the years ended January 31, 2007, 2006, and 2005 totaled $0, $0, and $0, respectively. In the fourth quarter of fiscal 2006, the Company sold capitalized NQDI software to SwissQual for $550,000 cash. The capitalized software development costs of $534,000 and accumulated amortization of $301,000 were retired upon receiving the proceeds from SwissQual.

Amortization of software development costs for the years ended January 31, 2007, 2006, and 2005 totaled $1.1 million, $1.9 million, and $2.0 million, respectively, and have been reported in cost of revenue in the accompanying consolidated financial statements. The remaining net book value of $243,000 is expected to be fully amortized in fiscal 2008.

 

11. Goodwill and Acquired Intangible Assets

Goodwill and acquired intangible assets consist of the following (in thousands):

 

     January 31,  
     2007     2006  

Goodwill

   $ 2,394     $ 2,394  
                

Acquired intangible assets:

    

Definite-lived intangible assets:

    

Software algorithms

   $ —       $ —    

License rights

     1,440       1,355  

Intellectual property rights

     1,244       1,244  
                
     2,684       2,599  

Less: accumulated amortization

     (1,864 )     (1,342 )
                

Total acquired intangible assets, net

   $ 820     $ 1,257  
                

During the first quarter of fiscal 2006, fully amortized software algorithms in the amount of $255,000 were retired.

 

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COMARCO, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

 

The following table presents goodwill by reportable segment (in thousands):

 

     Mobile
Power Products
   Wireless Test
Solutions
   Call Box    Total

Balance as of January 31, 2006

   $   —      $ 1,898    $ 496    $ 2,394
                           

Balance as of January 31, 2007

   $ —      $ 1,898    $ 496    $ 2,394
                           

The following table presents the future expected amortization of the definite-lived intangible assets (in thousands):

 

     Amortization
Expense

Fiscal year:

  

2008

     296

2009

     178

2010

     178

2011

     126

2012

     42

Thereafter

     —  
      

Total estimated amortization expense

   $ 820
      

The Company ceased amortizing goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets beginning February 1, 2002 upon adoption of SFAS No. 142. Amortization of definite-lived acquired intangible assets for the years ended January 31, 2007, 2006, and 2005 amounted to $521,000, $521,000, and $550,000, respectively.

During fiscal 2007 and 2006, the Company acquired $85,000 and $283,000 in license rights related to mobile phone technologies, respectively. During fiscal 2005, the Company acquired $102,000 in license rights related to mobile phone technologies. Additionally, the Company recognized $456,000 of intellectual property rights through the purchase of 66,000 minority shares of CWT.

The useful lives of the license rights related to mobile phone technologies are based upon the term of the underlying agreement and range from 1 to 4 years. The useful life of the intellectual property rights acquired through the purchase of minority interests is seven years and is based upon the life of CWT’s core technology as evaluated by a qualified third party.

 

12. Accrued Liabilities

Accrued liabilities consist of the following (in thousands):

 

     January 31,
     2007    2006

Accrued payroll and related expenses

   $ 2,105    $ 2,991

Uninvoiced receipts

     1,989      4,237

Accrued legal and professional fees

     554      505

Accrued federal and state income taxes

     562      590

Current portion of deferred rent

     175      —  

Accrued travel expenses

     101      118

Accrued temporary labor

     28      27

Due to SwissQual

     93      450

Other

     652      406
             
   $ 6,259    $ 9,324
             

 

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COMARCO, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

 

13. Warranty Arrangements

Standard Warranty

The Company records an accrual for estimated warranty costs for its ChargeSource and call box businesses as products are sold. Warranty costs are estimated based on periodic analysis of historical experience. Changes in the estimated warranty accruals are recorded when the change in estimate is identified. A summary of the standard warranty accrual activity is shown in the table below (in thousands):

 

     January 31,  
     2007     2006     2005  

Beginning balance

   $ 172     $ 177     $ 282  

Accruals for warranties issued during the period

     1,050       947       450  

Utilization

     (878 )     (952 )     (555 )
                        
   $ 344     $ 172     $ 177  
                        

During the first quarter of fiscal 2006, the Company made an additional warranty accrual in the amount of $0.3 million, to accrue for estimated costs related to a limited number of ChargeSource 70-watt AC adapters that may fail prematurely. The Company completed replacing all of the units returned relating to this issue in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2006, and eliminated the unused portion of the accrual, totaling $150,000.

Embedded Post Contract Support and Warranty

The Company defers revenue relating to its WTS product sales for post contract support and warranty for the term of the maintenance commitment made at the time of the sale, generally one year. A summary of the post contract support and warranty activity is shown in the table below (in thousands):

 

     January 31,  
     2007     2006     2005  

Beginning balance

   $ 1,477     $ 809     $ 598  

Deferral of revenue

     1,500       2,274       1,534  

Amortization of deferral

     (2,426 )     (1,606 )     (1,323 )
                        
   $ 551     $ 1,477     $ 809  
                        

Extended Post Contract Support and Warranty

Revenue for the Company’s extended post contract support and warranty contracts is deferred and recognized on a straight line basis over the contract period, typically one to four years. Costs incurred under separately priced extended warranty arrangements are expensed as incurred. A summary of the extended post contract support and warranty activity is shown in the table below (in thousands):

 

     January 31,  
     2007     2006     2005  

Beginning balance

   $ 2,239     $ 1,108     $ 1,904  

Recognition of revenue

     (1,363 )     (1,023 )     (1,690 )

Deferral of revenue for new contracts

     2,076       2,154       894  
                        
   $ 2,952     $ 2,239     $ 1,108  
                        

 

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COMARCO, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

 

14. Income Taxes

Income taxes from continuing operations consist of the following amounts (in thousands):

 

     Years Ended January 31,  
     2007    2006    2005  

Federal:

        

Current

   $ 245    $ 144    $ (393 )

Deferred

     53      —        2,508  

State:

        

Current

     27      57      (57 )

Deferred

     6      —        368  

Foreign:

        

Current

     19      —        —    
                      
   $ 350    $ 201    $ 2,426  
                      

The effective income tax rate on loss from continuing operations differs from the United States statutory income tax rates for the reasons set forth in the table below (dollars in thousands).

 

     Years Ended January 31,  
     2007     2006     2005  
     Amount     Percent
Pretax
Income
    Amount     Percent
Pretax
Income
    Amount     Percent
Pretax
Income
 

Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes and discontinued operations

   $ 2,127     100 %   $ 6,577     100 %   $ (7,955 )   100 %

Computed “expected” tax on income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes

     723     34.0 %     2,236     34.0 %     (2,705 )   (34.0 )%

State tax, net of federal benefit

     91     4.3       283     4.3       (269 )   (3.4 )

Research and MIC credits

     (565 )   (26.6 )     (127 )   (1.9 )     (501 )   (6.3 )

Change in valuation allowance

     806     37.9       (2,742 )   (41.7 )     6,256     78.6  

Receivable account adjustment

     —       —         —       —         (446 )   (5.6 )

Permanent differences

     121     5.7       123     1.9       —       —    

Return to provision adjustments

     (466 )   (21.9 )     332     5.0       —       —    

Establish deferred tax liability

     59     2.8       —       —         —       —    

Release of reserves due to current period events

     (490 )   (23.0 )     —       —         —       —    

Foreign taxes paid

     19     0.9       —       —         —       —    

AMT taxes accrued or paid

     —       —         201     3.1       —       —    

Other, net

     52     2.4       (105 )   (1.6 )     91     1.2  
                                          

Income tax expense

   $ 350     16.5 %   $ 201     3.1 %   $ 2,426     30.5 %
                                          

The receivable account adjustment in fiscal 2005 relates to the third quarter tax benefit of $446,000 due to the generation of refund claims created upon completion of the Company’s fiscal 2004 corporate tax returns in the third quarter.

 

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COMARCO, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

 

The tax effects of temporary differences that give rise to significant portions of the deferred tax assets and liabilities at January 31, 2007 and 2006 are as follows (in thousands):

 

     January 31,  
     2007     2006  

Deferred tax assets:

    

Accounts receivable

   $ 46     $ 144  

Inventory

     339       912  

Property and equipment, principally due to differing depreciation methods

     483       —    

Employee benefits, principally due to accrual for financial reporting purposes

     252       882  

Accrued liabilities for financial reporting purposes

     586       155  

Research and manufacturer investment credit carryforwards

     1,207       1,282  

Net operating losses

     —         280  

AMT credit carryforwards

     295       184  

Sale of SwissQual—basis difference

     56       111  

Deferred rent

     84       —    

FAS 123R deferred compensation

     212       —    

Deferred revenue

     727       42  

Other

     292       136  
                

Total gross deferred tax assets

     4,579       4,128  

Less valuation allowance

     (4,330 )     (3,514 )
                

Net deferred tax assets

   $ 249     $ 614  
                

Deferred tax liabilities:

    

Software development costs

   $ 104     $ 549  

Property and equipment, principally due to differing depreciation methods

     —         65  

Deferred revenue for extended warranty contracts

     145       —    

Deferred tax liability—goodwill

     59       —    
                

Total gross deferred tax liabilities

   $ 308     $ 614  
                

Net deferred tax liability

   $ 59     $ —    
                

During the second quarter of fiscal 2005, as a result of incurring cumulative losses for a three-year period, the Company established a valuation allowance totaling approximately $2.9 million or the entire deferred tax asset.

The Company has federal and state research and experimentation credit carryforwards of $535,000 and $1.1 million, which expire through 2027 and indefinitely, respectively. Additionally, for state tax purposes, the Company has a manufacturer investment credit carryforward of $70,000, which expires through 2010.

In assessing the realizability of deferred tax assets, management considers whether it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income. There was a $4.3 million valuation allowance for deferred tax assets as of January 31, 2007, an increase of $0.8 million, based on management’s overall assessment of risks and uncertainties related to the Company’s future ability to realize, and hence utilize, the deferred tax assets.

 

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COMARCO, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

 

15. Stock Compensation

Comarco, Inc. has stock-based compensation plans under which outside directors and certain employees receive stock options. The employee stock option plans and a director stock option plan provide that officers, key employees, and directors may be granted options to purchase up to 2,704,337 shares of common stock of the Company at not less than 100 percent of the fair market value at the date of grant, unless the optionee is a 10 percent shareholder of the Company, in which case the price must not be less than 110 percent of the fair market value. Figures for these plans reflect a 3-for-2 stock split declared during the year ended January 31, 2001.

The director stock-based compensation plan (the “Director Plan”) expires in December 2010, and the Company’s former employee stock option plan (the “Employee Plan”) expired during May 2005. During December 2005, the Board of Directors approved and adopted a new equity incentive plan (the “2005 Plan”) covering 450,000 shares of common stock. The 2005 Plan was approved by the Company’s shareholders at its annual shareholders’ meeting in June 2006. Under all plans, the options are exercisable in installments determined by the compensation committee of the Company’s Board of Directors; however, no employee option may be exercised prior to one year following the grant of the option. The options granted under the Director Plan and the Employee Plan expire as determined by the committee, but no later than ten years and one week after the date of grant (five years for 10 percent shareholders). The options granted under the 2005 Plan expire as determined by the committee, but no later than ten years after the date of grant (five years for 10 percent shareholders).

Transactions and other information relating to these plans for the three years ended January 31, 2007 are summarized below:

 

     Outstanding Options
     Number of
Shares
    Weighted-Average
Exercise Price
   Aggregate
Intrinsic Value
(in thousands)

Balance, January 31, 2004

   805,020     $ 12.77    $ 371

Options granted

   135,000       8.22   

Options canceled or expired

   (36,000 )     9.03   

Options exercised

   (45,000 )     5.36   
               

Balance, January 31, 2005

   859,020       12.60      26

Options granted

   42,500       8.18   

Options canceled or expired

   (39,500 )     11.69   

Options exercised

   (500 )     6.91   
               

Balance, January 31, 2006

   861,520       12.43      683

Options granted

   207,000       10.00   

Options canceled or expired

   (37,750 )     8.83   

Options exercised

   (45,000 )     9.72   
               

Balance, January 31, 2007

   985,770       12.18    $ 41
               

 

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COMARCO, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

 

The following table summarizes information about stock options outstanding at January 31, 2007:

 

     Options Outstanding    Options Exercisable

Range of

Exercise Prices

   Number
Outstanding
   Weighted-Average
Remaining
Contractual Life
   Weighted-Average
Exercise Price
   Number
Exercisable
   Weighted-Average
Exercise Price

$   6.91 to   9.89

   356,500    6.2    $ 7.92          212,125    $ 7.80      

  10.43 to 12.41

   265,145    6.7      10.90          130,145      11.39      

  13.21 to 17.50

   221,625    2.3      14.49          221,625      14.49      

  19.33 to 23.67

   142,500    3.3      21.63          142,500      21.63      
                  

    6.91 to 23.67

   985,770    5.0 years      12.18          706,395      13.35      
                  

Stock options exercisable at January 31, 2007, 2006, and 2005 were 706,395, 665,770, and 556,645, respectively, at weighted-average exercise prices of $13.35, $13.80, and $14.70, respectively. Shares available under the plans for future grants at January 31, 2007, 2006, and 2005 were 267,625, 8,125, and 81,687, respectively. As of January 31, 2007, the shares available for future grant are under the director stock option plan totaled 625.

CWT also has a subsidiary stock option plan. Under this plan, officers and key employees of CWT may be granted options to purchase up to 600,000 shares of common stock of CWT at not less than 100 percent of the fair market value at the date of grant.

As of January 31, 2007, the Company owned all of the 3,353,000 outstanding shares of CWT common stock. The fair market value of the shares and the exercise dates of the options are determined by the compensation committee of the Company’s Board of Directors; however, no option may be exercised prior to one year following the grant of the option. The options expire as determined by the compensation committee, but not later than ten years and one week after the date of grant.

During, fiscal 2007, 2006, and 2005 no options were granted under the subsidiary option plan. During fiscal 2007 and 2006 no options were exercised and, accordingly, no minority interest in earnings was recorded in those years. During fiscal 2005, the Company issued 30,000 shares of CWT stock from the exercise of CWT stock options and acquired 66,000 minority shares of CWT through the issuance of 92,668 shares of Company common stock. Under the purchase method of accounting, the excess price of $456,000 during fiscal 2005 of the minority interest in CWT over the fair value of the proportionate share of the identifiable net assets of CWT has been recognized as definite-lived intangible assets attributable to intellectual property rights. There are 3,000 options outstanding under the subsidiary option plan as of January 31, 2007.

Stock options exercisable under the CWT option plan at January 31, 2007, 2006, and 2005 were 3,000, 4,000, and 49,000, respectively, at weighted-average exercise prices of $17.62, $16.52, and $12.34, respectively. Shares available under the plan for future grants at January 31, 2007 were 198,000. The 3,000 stock options outstanding at January 31, 2007 have a remaining contractual life of one month.

 

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COMARCO, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

 

16. Earnings (Loss) Per Share

The Company calculates basic earnings (loss) per share by dividing net income (loss) by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the reporting period. Diluted earnings per share reflect the effects of potentially dilutive securities. Since the Company incurred a net loss for fiscal 2005, basic and diluted net loss per share were the same because the inclusion of 11,678 potentially dilutive securities would have been anti-dilutive. The reconciliation of the basic and diluted earnings per share computations is as follows (in thousands, except per share data):

 

     Years Ended January 31,  
     2007    2006     2005  

Basic:

       

Income (loss) from continuing operations

   $ 1,777    $ 6,376     $ (10,381 )

Weighted average shares outstanding

     7,394      7,422       7,327  
                       

Basic earnings (loss) per share from continuing operations

   $ 0.24    $ 0.86     $ (1.41 )
                       

Income (loss) from discontinued operations

   $ —      $ (45 )   $ 325  

Weighted average shares outstanding

     7,394      7,422       7,327  
                       

Basic earnings (loss) per share from discontinued operations

   $ 0.00    $ (0.01 )   $ 0.04  
                       

Net income (loss)

   $ 1,777    $ 6,331     $ (10,056 )

Weighted average shares outstanding

     7,394      7,422       7,327  
                       

Basic earnings (loss) per share

   $ 0.24    $ 0.85     $ (1.37 )
                       

Diluted:

       

Income (loss) from continuing operations

   $ 1,777    $ 6,376     $ (10,381 )

Effect of subsidiary options

     —        —         —    
                       

Income (loss) used in calculation of diluted earnings per share from continuing operations

   $ 1,777    $ 6,376     $ (10,381 )
                       

Weighted average shares outstanding

     7,394      7,422       7,327  

Effect of dilutive securities—stock options

     29      15       —    
                       

Weighted average shares used in calculation of diluted earnings per share from continuing operations

     7,423      7,437       7,327  
                       

Diluted earnings (loss) per share from continuing operations

   $ 0.24    $ 0.86     $ (1.41 )
                       

Income (loss) from discontinued operations

   $ —      $ (45 )   $ 325  

Effect of subsidiary options

     —        —         —    
                       

Income (loss) used in calculation of diluted loss per share from discontinued operations

   $ —      $ (45 )   $ 325  
                       

Weighted average shares outstanding

     7,394      7,422       7,327  

Effect of dilutive securities—stock options

     —        —         11  
                       

Weighted average shares used in calculation of diluted loss per share from discontinued operations

     7,394      7,442       7,338  
                       

Diluted earnings (loss) per share from discontinued operations

   $ —      $ (0.01 )   $ 0.04  
                       

Net income (loss)

   $ 1,777    $ 6,331     $ (10,056 )

Effect of subsidiary options

     —        —         —    
                       

Net income (loss) used in calculation of diluted earnings per share

   $ 1,777    $ 6,331     $ (10,056 )
                       

Weighted average shares outstanding

     7,394      7,422       7,327  

Effect of dilutive securities—stock options

     29      15       —    
                       

Weighted average shares used in calculation of diluted earnings (loss) per share

     7,423      7,437       7,327  
                       

Diluted earnings (loss) per share

   $ 0.24    $ 0.85     $ (1.37 )
                       

 

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COMARCO, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

 

17. Related Party Transactions

On July 31, 2001, the Company acquired an 18 percent equity stake in SwissQual for $1.0 million in cash. Based in Zuchwil, Switzerland, SwissQual is a developer of voice quality systems and software for measuring, monitoring, and optimizing the quality of mobile, fixed, and IP-based voice and data communications. On January 24, 2006, the Company sold its 18 percent minority interest in SwissQual (see Note 4).

Revenue recorded related to SwissQual for the years ended January 31, 2007, 2006, and 2005 totaled $2.5 million, $8.8 million, and $6.6 million, respectively. Accounts receivable balances due from SwissQual at January 31, 2007 and 2006 were $1.2 million and $2.3 million, respectively. Additionally, revenue attributable to shipments to SwissQual was deferred until receipt of payment through January 31, 2005.

During the second quarter of fiscal 2004, the Company entered into a revenue sharing agreement with SwissQual whereby SwissQual receives 10% of the revenue on all Seven.Five product sales, less associated hardware costs. At January 31, 2007 and 2006, the Company had accrued $93,000 and $450,000, respectively, relating to amounts payable to SwissQual under the revenue sharing agreement. During fiscal 2007 and 2006, the Company paid $1.8 million and $960,000, respectively, to SwissQual under the revenue sharing agreement.

 

18. Employee Benefit Plans

The Company has a Savings and Retirement Plan (the “Plan”) that provides benefits to eligible employees. Under the Plan, as restated effective January 1, 2001, employees are eligible to participate on the first of the month following 30 days of employment, provided they are at least 18 years of age, by contributing between 1 percent and 20 percent of pre-tax earnings. Company contributions match employee contributions at levels as specified in the Plan document. In addition, the Company may contribute a portion of its net profits as determined by the Board of Directors. Company contributions, which consist of matching contributions, with respect to the Plan for the years ended January 31, 2007, 2006, and 2005 were approximately $438,000, $412,000, and $389,000, respectively. During fiscal 2005, the Company made matching contributions of $78,000 through forfeited matching funds previously contributed to the plan.

The Company also maintains a non-qualified deferred compensation plan funded by Company executives and directors. See Note 2 for further discussion.

 

19. Supplemental Disclosures of Cash Flow Information and Noncash Investing and Financing Activities

 

     Years Ended January 31,
         2007            2006            2005    
     (In thousands)

Cash paid during the year for:

        

Interest

   $ 2    $  —      $ 2

Income taxes

     215      3      110

In the first quarter of fiscal 2007, 45,000 stock options were exercised as net exercises and therefore no cash was received upon exercise. The number of shares of Company common stock issued totaled 7,525.

The fiscal 2007 purchases of property and equipment includes approximately $852,000 of expenditures related to leasehold improvements at the Company’s new corporate offices, which were reimbursed by the landlord.

 

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COMARCO, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

 

In fiscal 2005, the Company issued 92,668 shares of the Company’s common stock with a fair value of $704,000 in connection with the purchase of CWT shares held by minority interests.

 

20. Business Segment Information

The Company has three reportable operating segments: wireless test solutions, call box, and mobile power products.

Wireless test solutions designs and manufactures hardware and software tools for use by wireless carriers, equipment vendors, and others. Radio frequency engineers, professional technicians, and others use these tools to design, deploy, and optimize wireless networks, and to verify the performance of the wireless networks once deployed.

The call box segment designs and manufactures call box systems that provide emergency communication over existing wireless networks. In addition, the call box segment provides system installation and long-term maintenance services. As of January 31, 2007, the Company services and maintains approximately 10,800 call boxes under long-term agreements.

The mobile power products segment designs and manufactures mobile power products for notebook computers, cellular telephones, PDAs, and other handheld devices.

Performance measurement and resource allocation for the reportable segments are based on many factors. The primary financial measures used are revenue and gross profit. The revenue, gross profit, gross margin, income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes, and total assets attributable to these segments are as follows (in thousands):

 

     Year Ended January 31, 2007  
     Mobile Power
Products
    Wireless Test
Solutions
    Call Box     Corporate    Total  

Revenue

   $ 16,745     $ 15,307     $ 15,724     $ —      $ 47,776  

Cost of revenue

     11,901       6,486       11,227       —        29,614  
                                       

Gross profit

   $ 4,844     $ 8,821     $ 4,497     $ —      $ 18,162  
                                       

Gross margin

     28.9 %     57.6 %     28.6 %     —        38.0 %
                                       

Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes

   $ (396 )   $ (227 )   $ 1,987     $ 763    $ 2,127  
                                       

Total assets

   $ 4,615     $ 10,861     $ 8,181     $ 27,756    $ 51,413  
                                       
     Year Ended January 31, 2006  
     Mobile Power
Products
    Wireless Test
Solutions
    Call Box     Corporate    Total  

Revenue

   $ 12,303     $ 24,534     $ 10,041     $ —      $ 46,878  

Cost of revenue

     10,548       12,895       6,469       —        29,912  
                                       

Gross profit

   $ 1,755     $ 11,639     $ 3,572     $ —      $ 16,966  
                                       

Gross margin

     14.3 %     47.4 %     35.6 %     —        36.2 %
                                       

Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes

   $ (3,469 )   $ 8,198     $ 1,681     $ 167    $ 6,577  
                                       

Total assets

   $ 5,013     $ 13,775     $ 6,834     $ 27,183    $ 52,805  
                                       

 

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COMARCO, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

 

     Year Ended January 31, 2005  
     Mobile Power
Products
    Wireless Test
Solutions
    Call Box     Corporate    Total  

Revenue

   $ 5,788     $ 16,840     $ 6,595     $ —      $ 29,223  

Cost of revenue

     6,163       10,283       4,462       —        20,908  
                                       

Gross profit (loss)

   $ (375 )   $ 6,557     $ 2,133     $ —      $ 8,315  
                                       

Gross margin

     (6.5 )%     38.9 %     32.3 %     —        28.5 %
                                       

Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes

   $ (4,339 )   $ (4,339 )   $ 606     $ 117    $ (7,955 )
                                       

Total assets

   $ 5,458     $ 16,813     $ 3,720     $ 14,235    $ 40,226  
                                       

Revenue by geographic area consisted of the following (in thousands):

 

     Years Ended January 31,
     2007    2006    2005

North America

   $ 38,570    $ 31,718    $ 15,415

Europe

     6,311      12,022      7,168

Asia—Pacific

     724      283      350

Latin America

     2,171      2,855      6,290
                    
   $ 47,776    $ 46,878    $ 29,223
                    

Long-lived assets outside of North America were not significant at January 31, 2007, 2006, and 2005.

The Company sells its products to wireless carriers, equipment vendors, and other customers located throughout the world. In fiscal 2007, 2006, and 2005, the Company derived 81 percent, 68 percent, and 53 percent of its revenue, respectively, from customers in the United States and 19 percent, 32 percent, and 47 percent, respectively, from customers in foreign countries, as determined by the “ship to” address. The sharp increase in the percentage of sales to foreign countries during fiscal 2005 is due to the increase in sales of the WTS business, which is mostly to foreign countries, coupled with the decline in sales of the mobile power products business, which historically has been predominately sold in the United States. In fiscal 2005, sales to Brazil accounted for $5.6 million, or 19.3 percent of total revenue.

 

21. Commitments and Contingencies

Rental commitments under non-cancelable operating leases, principally on the Company’s office space and equipment, were $1.8 million at January 31, 2007, payable as follows (in thousands):

 

     Operating
Leases

Fiscal Year:

  

2008

     466

2009

     401

2010

     398

2011

     379

2012

     221
      

Total minimum lease payments

   $ 1,865
      

 

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COMARCO, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

 

Certain of the rental commitments are subject to increases based on the change in the Consumer Price Index. Rental expense for the years ended January 31, 2007, 2006, and 2005 was $1.0 million, $0.8 million, and $0.9 million, respectively.

Purchase Commitments with Suppliers

The Company generally issues purchase orders to its suppliers with delivery dates from four to six weeks from the purchase order date. In addition, the Company regularly provides significant suppliers with rolling six-month forecasts of material and finished goods requirements for planning and long-lead time parts procurement purposes only. The Company is committed to accept delivery of materials pursuant to its purchase orders subject to various contract provisions that allow it to delay receipt of such order or allow it to cancel orders beyond certain agreed lead times. Such cancellations may or may not include cancellation costs payable by the Company. In the past, the Company has been required to take delivery of materials from its suppliers that were in excess of its requirements and the Company has previously recognized charges and expenses related to such excess material. If the Company is unable to adequately manage its suppliers and adjust such commitments for changes in demand, it may incur additional inventory expenses related to excess and obsolete inventory. Such expenses could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, results of operations, and financial position. The Company’s fixed purchase commitments at January 31, 2007 totaled $0.5 million.

Employer Matching Contribution to the Company’s Savings and Retirement Plan

The Company has obligations to match employee contributions made to the Company’s savings and retirement plan. Generally, the Company’s obligation is equal to 100 percent of up to 5 percent of employees’ contribution amounts. If the Company is unable to meet the requisite matching, the Company’s Savings and Retirement Plan may need to be amended.

Executive Severance Commitments

The Company has entered into severance compensation agreements with three key executives. These agreements require the Company to pay these executives, in the event of a termination of employment following a change of control of the Company, approximately 12 months of their then current base salary and up to twice the amount of any bonus amount the executive would have achieved for the current year. The exact amount of this contingent obligation is not known and accordingly has not been recorded in the financial statements.

Letter of Credit

In May 2006, the Company obtained a $500,000 letter of credit from US Bank pursuant to a lease provision for its new corporate offices to which the Company relocated on August 28, 2006. The letter of credit is secured by a certificate of deposit with a 6-month maturity, which is reflected as restricted cash on the consolidated balance sheet.

Legal Contingencies

The Company is from time to time involved in various legal proceedings incidental to the conduct of its business. The Company believes that the outcome of all such pending legal proceedings will not in the aggregate have a material adverse effect on its consolidated results of operations and financial position.

 

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COMARCO, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

 

22. Subsequent Events

On March 13, 2007, the Company declared a special dividend of $1.00 per share on its common stock. The special dividend was paid on April 23, 2007 to shareholders of record on April 5, 2007. The amount paid was approximately $7.4 million.

 

23. Quarterly Financial Data (Unaudited)

Unaudited summarized financial data by quarter for 2007 and 2006 are as follows (in thousands, except per share data):

 

    

Year ended January 31, 2007

Fiscal Year Quarters

     First     Second    Third     Fourth

Revenue

   $ 10,555     $ 12,972    $ 11,403     $ 12,846

Gross profit

     3,531       4,726      3,906       5,999

Operating income (loss)

     (865 )     21      (903 )     1,246

Income (loss) from continuing operations

     (575 )     242      (650 )     2,760

Discontinued operations

     —         —        —         —  

Net income (loss)

     (575 )     242      (650 )     2,760
                             

Basic and diluted income (loss) per share:

         

Income (loss) from continuing operations

   $ (0.08 )   $ 0.03    $ (0.09 )   $ 0.38

Discontinued operations

     —         —        —         —  
                             

Net income (loss)

   $ (0.08 )   $ 0.03    $ (0.09 )   $ 0.38
                             

 

    

Year ended January 31, 2006

Fiscal Year Quarters

     First     Second     Third     Fourth

Revenue

   $ 7,962     $ 11,134     $ 13,574     $ 14,208

Gross profit

     2,437       4,065       5,212       5,252

Operating income (loss)

     (1,575 )     303       568       498

Income (loss) from continuing operations

     (1,518 )     366       613       6,915

Discontinued operations

     (3 )     (39 )     (3 )     —  

Net income (loss)

     (1,521 )     327       610       6,915
                              

Basic and diluted income (loss) per share:

        

Income (loss) from continuing operations

   $ (0.20 )   $ 0.04     $ 0.08     $ 0.93

Discontinued operations

     —         —         —         —  
                              

Net income (loss)

   $ (0.20 )   $ 0.04     $ 0.08     $ 0.93
                              

 

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Table of Contents
ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE

None.

 

ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

We maintain disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the periodic reports that we file or submit with the SEC under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the rules and forms of the SEC, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of the period covered by this report on Form 10-K. Based upon this evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of the end of the period covered by this report on Form 10-K.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

During the fourth quarter of the fiscal year ended January 31, 2007, there have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

 

ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION

None.

 

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Table of Contents

PART III

ITEM 10.    DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS, AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

The information required by this Item 10 is included in the Company’s definitive proxy statement for its fiscal 2007 annual meeting of shareholders to be held on June 12, 2007 and is incorporated herein by reference.

ITEM 11.    EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION

The information required by this Item 11 is included in the Company’s definitive proxy statement for its fiscal 2007 annual meeting of shareholders to be held on June 12, 2007 and is incorporated herein by reference.

 

ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS

The information required by this Item 12 is included in the Company’s definitive proxy statement for its fiscal 2007 annual meeting of shareholders to be held on June 12, 2007 and is incorporated herein by reference.

 

ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE

The information required by this Item 13 is included in the Company’s definitive proxy statement for its fiscal 2007 annual meeting of shareholders to be held on June 12, 2007 and is incorporated herein by reference.

ITEM 14.    PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES

The information required by this Item 14 is included in the Company’s definitive proxy statement for its fiscal 2007 annual meeting of shareholders to be held on June 12, 2007 and is incorporated herein by reference.

 

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Table of Contents

PART IV

 

ITEM 15. EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES

 

(a)    1.    Financial Statements (See Item 8)
   2.    Financial Statement Schedule:
      The following additional information for the years ended January 31, 2007, 2006, and 2005 is
submitted herewith:
      II      Valuation and Qualifying Accounts
      All other schedules are omitted because the required information is not present in amounts
sufficient to require submission of the schedule or because the information required is included in the
consolidated financial statements or the notes thereto.
   3.    Exhibits
      3.1    Articles of Incorporation. The Articles of Incorporation are incorporated herein by reference from the Company’s report on Form 10-Q filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on December 12, 2000.
      3.2    By-Laws. The Restated By-Laws are incorporated herewith. On April 10, 2007, changes were made to the By-Laws in Article IV, Section 3 and Section 4.
      3.3    Certificate of Determination of Series A Participating Preferred Stock. The Certificate of Determination is incorporated herein by reference from the Company’s Registration Statement on Form 8-A filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 6, 2003.
   4.    Instruments defining the rights of security holders
      4.1    Rights Agreement, dated February 5, 2003, between Comarco, Inc. and U.S. Stock Transfer Corporation, as rights agent. The Rights Agreement is incorporated herein by reference from the Company’s Registration Statement on Form 8-A filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 6, 2003.
      4.2    Amendment to the Rights Agreement, dated February 28, 2006. The Amendment is incorporated herein by reference from the Company’s report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 28, 2006.
   10.    Material Contracts
      10.1    1982 Stock Option Plan. The restated 1982 Stock Option Plan is incorporated herein by reference from Exhibit C to the Company’s definitive Proxy Materials filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on June 25, 1986.*
      10.2    Director Stock Option Plan dated July 1, 1987 is incorporated by reference from the Company’s report on Form 10-K for the year ended January 31, 1988.*
      10.3    Nonqualified Employee Stock Option Plan for Comarco Wireless Technologies, Inc. dated August 1994 is incorporated by reference from the Company’s report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended October 30, 1994.*
      10.4    1995 Employee Stock Option Plan is incorporated by reference from the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-8 (File No. 33-63219) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on October 5, 1995.*

 

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Table of Contents
      10.5    Severance Compensation Agreement dated September 9, 2003 between the Company and Daniel R. Lutz, Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, regarding severance compensation in the event of a change in control of the Company incorporated herein by reference from the Company’s report on Form 10-K for the year ended January 31, 2004.*
      10.6    Severance Compensation Agreement dated September 9, 2003 between the Company and Thomas A. Franza, President and Chief Executive Officer, regarding severance compensation in the event of a change in control of the Company incorporated herein by reference from the Company’s report on Form 10-K for the year ended January 31, 2004.*
      10.7    Severance Compensation Agreement dated September 9, 2003 between the Company and Peggy Vessell, Vice President and Secretary, regarding severance compensation in the event of a change in control of the Company incorporated herein by reference from the Company’s report on Form 10-K for the year ended January 31, 2004.*
      10.8    Stock Purchase Agreement dated January 22, 2006 regarding SwissQual Holding AG (“SwissQual) between the Company, Spirent Holding Limited, Spirent plc, and the remaining shareholders of SwissQual. The Stock Purchase Agreement is incorporated herein by reference from the Company’s report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on January 25, 2006.
      21.1    Subsidiaries of the Company
      23.1    Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm – BDO Seidman LLP
      31.1    Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
      31.2    Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
      32.1    Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Section 906 of Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
      32.2    Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 906 of Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
      99.1    Supplement to Registrant’s Registration Statements on Form S-8

* Management contract or executive compensation plan or arrangement.

 

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COMARCO, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, on April 30, 2007.

 

COMARCO, INC.

/s/    THOMAS A. FRANZA        
Thomas A. Franza
President and Chief Executive Officer

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

 

Signature

  

Title

 

Date

/s/    THOMAS A. FRANZA        

Thomas A. Franza

  

President and Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer), Director

  April 30, 2007

/s/    DANIEL R. LUTZ        

Daniel R. Lutz

  

Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

  April 30, 2007

/s/    DON M. BAILEY        

Don M. Bailey

  

Chairman of the Board, Director

  April 30, 2007

/s/    GERALD D. GRIFFIN        

Gerald D. Griffin

  

Director

  April 30, 2007

/s/    JEFFREY R. HULTMAN        

Jeffrey R. Hultman

  

Director

  April 30, 2007

/s/    ERIK VAN DER KAAY        

Erik van der Kaay

  

Director

  April 30, 2007

 

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COMARCO, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

SCHEDULE II—VALUATION AND QUALIFYING ACCOUNTS

Three Years Ended January 31, 2007

(In thousands)

 

     Balance at
Beginning of
Year
   Charged to
Cost and
Expense
(Recovery)
    Deductions     Other Changes
Add (Deduct)
    Balance at
End of Year

Allowance for doubtful accounts and provision for unbilled receivables (deducted from accounts receivable):

           

Year ended January 31, 2007

   $ 558    $ 90     $ (537 )(1)   $ —       $ 111

Year ended January 31, 2006

   $ 831    $ (273 )   $ —       $ —       $ 558

Year ended January 31, 2005

   $ 594    $ 267     $ (30 )(1)   $ —       $ 831

Allowance for deferred tax assets:

           

Year ended January 31, 2007

   $ 3,514    $ 59     $ —       $ 757     $ 4,330

Year ended January 31, 2006

   $ 6,256    $ —       $ —       $ (2,742 )   $ 3,514

Year ended January 31, 2005

   $ —      $ 2,876     $ —       $ 3,380     $ 6,256

(1)

Write-off of uncollectible receivables.

 

79

EX-3.2 2 dex32.htm BY-LAWS By-Laws

Exhibit 3.2

 

Bylaws

Comarco, Inc.

April 10, 2007

(Includes Sections Modified on April 10, 2007)

followed by the complete BYLAWS


ARTICLE IX

Miscellaneous

Section 1. Checks, Drafts, Etc. All checks, drafts or other orders for payment of money, notes or other evidences of indebtedness, and any assignment or endorsement thereof, issued in the name of or payable to the Corporation, shall be signed or endorsed by such person or persons and in such manner as, from time to time, shall be determined by resolution of the Board of Directors.

Section 2. Contracts, Etc.-How Executed. The Board of Directors, except as otherwise provided in these Bylaws, may authorize any officer or officers, agent or agents, to enter into any contract or execute any instrument in the name of and on behalf of the Corporation, and such authority may be general or confirmed to specific instances; and, unless so authorized or ratified by the Board, no officer, employee or other agent shall have any power or authority to bind the Corporation by any contract or engagement or to pledge its credit or to render it liable for any purpose or to any amount

Section 3. Certificates; Direct Registration System.

(a) Shares of the Corporation’s capital stock may be certificated or uncertificated, as provided under California law. Any certificates that are issued shall be signed in the name of the Corporation by the Chairman of the Board or the President or a Vice President and by the Treasurer or an assistant treasurer or the Secretary or an assistant secretary, certifying the number of shares and the class or series thereof owned by the shareholder. Any or all of the signatures on a certificate may be by facsimile signature. In case any officer, transfer agent or registrar who has signed or whose facsimile signature has been placed upon a certificate shall have ceased to be such officer, transfer agent or registrar before such certificate is issued, it may be issued by the Corporation with the same effect as if such person were an officer, transfer agent or registrar at the date of issue. Shares of the Corporation’s capital stock may also be evidenced by registration in the holder’s name in uncertificated, book-entry form on the books of the Corporation in accordance with a direct registration system approved by the Securities and Exchange Commission and by the NASDAQ Stock Market or any securities exchange on which the stock of the Corporation may from time to time be traded.

(b) Transfers of shares of stock of the Corporation shall be made by the transfer agent and registrar on the books of the Corporation after receipt of a request with proper evidence of succession, assignment, or authority to transfer by the record holder of such stock, or by an attorney lawfully constituted in writing, and in the case of stock represented by a certificate, upon surrender of the certificate. Subject to the foregoing, the Board of Directors shall have power and authority to make such rules and regulations as it shall deem necessary or appropriate concerning the issue, transfer, and registration of shares of stock of the Corporation, and to appoint and remove transfer agents and registrars of transfers.

Section 4. Lost Certificates. Except as provided in this Section, no new certificates for shares shall be issued in lieu of an old certificate unless the latter is surrendered to the Corporation and canceled at the same time. The Board of Directors may in case any share certificate or certificate for any other security is lost, stolen or destroyed, authorize the issuance of a new certificate in lieu thereof (or uncertificated shares in lieu of a new certificate), upon such terms and conditions as the Board may require, including provision for indemnification of the Corporation secured by a bond or other adequate security sufficient to protect the Corporation against any claim that may be made against it, including any expense or liability, on account of the alleged loss, theft or destruction of such certificate or the issuance of such new certificate.


BYLAWS

Restated as of August 1, 1996, June 26, 2001, February 4, 2003 and April 10, 2007

COMARCO, INC.

April 10, 2007


TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

          Page

ARTICLE I

   Applicability    1

        Section 1.

   Applicability of Bylaws    1

ARTICLE II

   Offices    1

        Section 1.

   Principal Executive Office    1

        Section 2.

   Other Offices    1

        Section 3.

   Change in Location or Number of Offices    1

ARTICLE III

   Meetings of Shareholders    1

        Section 1.

   Place of Meetings    1

        Section 2.

   Annual Meetings    1

        Section 3.

   Special Meetings    1

        Section 4.

   Notice of Annual, Special or Adjourned Meetings    2

        Section 5.

   Record Date    2

        Section 6.

   Quorum; Action at Meetings    3

        Section 7.

   Adjournment    3

        Section 8.

   Validation of Defectively Called, Noticed or Held Meetings    3

        Section 9.

   Voting for Election of Directors    4

        Section 10.

   Proxies    4

        Section 11.

   Inspectors of Election    4

        Section 12.

   No Action by Written Consent    4

        Section 13.

   Notice of Shareholder Business    5

ARTICLE IV

   Directors    5

        Section 1.

   Number of Directors    5

        Section 2.

   Election of Directors    5

        Section 3.

   Term of Office    5

        Section 4.

   Vacancies    5

        Section 5.

   Removal    6

        Section 6.

   Resignation    6

        Section 7.

   Fees and Compensation    6

        Section 8.

   Nominations of Directors    6

ARTICLE V

   Committees of the Board of Directors    6

        Section 1.

   Designation of Committees    6

        Section 2.

   Powers of Committees    6

ARTICLE VI

   Meetings of the Board of Directors and Committees Thereof    7

        Section 1.

   Place of Meetings    7

        Section 2.

   Organization Meeting    7

        Section 3.

   Other Regular Meetings    7

        Section 4.

   Special Meetings    7

        Section 5.

   Notice of Special Meetings    7

        Section 6.

   Validation of Defectively Held Meetings    7

        Section 7.

   Quorum of Meetings    8

        Section 8.

   Adjournment    8

        Section 9.

   Motion Without a Meeting    8

        Section 10.

   Meetings of and Action by Committees    8

ARTICLE VII

   Officers    8

        Section 1.

   Officers    8

        Section 2.

   Election of Officers    8

        Section 3.

   Subordinate Officers, Etc.    8

        Section 4.

   Removal and Resignation    9


          Page

        Section 5.

   Vacancies    9

        Section 6.

   Chairman of the Board    9

        Section 7.

   President    9

        Section 8.

   Vice President    9

        Section 9.

   Secretary    9

        Section 10.

   Chief Financial Officer    9

ARTICLE VIII

   Records and Reports    10

        Section 1.

   Minute Book—Maintenance and Inspection    10

        Section 2.

   Share Register—Maintenance and Inspection    10

        Section 3.

   Books and Records of Account—Maintenance and Inspection    10

        Section 4.

   Bylaws—Maintenance and Inspection    10

ARTICLE IX

   Miscellaneous    10

        Section 1.

   Checks, Drafts, Etc.    10

        Section 2.

   Contracts, Etc. -How Executed    10

        Section 3.

   Certificates of Stock    10

        Section 4.

   Lost Certificates    11

        Section 5.

   Representation of Shares of Other Corporations    11

        Section 6.

   Construction and Definitions    11

        Section 7.

   Indemnification of Corporate Agents; Purchase of Liability Insurance    11

ARTICLE X

   Amendments    12

        Section 1.

   Amendments    12


BYLAWS

OF

COMARCO, INC.

A CALIFORNIA CORPORATION

Restated as of August 1, 1996, June 26, 2001, February 4, 2003, and April 10, 2007

ARTICLE I

Applicability

Section 1. Applicability of Bylaws. These Bylaws govern, except as otherwise provided by statute or its Articles of Incorporation, the management of the business and the conduct of the affairs of the Corporation.

ARTICLE II

Offices

Section 1. Principal Executive Office. The location of the principal executive office of the Corporation is 25541 Commercentre Drive, Lake Forest, CA 926301.

Section 2. Other Offices. The Board of Directors may establish other offices at any place or places within or without the State of California.

Section 3. Change in Location or Number of Offices. The Board of Directors may change any office from one location to another or eliminate any office or offices.

ARTICLE III

Meetings of Shareholders

Section 1. Place of Meetings. Meetings of the shareholders shall be held at any place within or without the State of California designated by the Board of Directors, or, in the absence of such designation, at the principal executive office of the Corporation.

Section 2. Annual Meetings. An annual meeting of the shareholders shall be held within 180 days following the end of the fiscal year of the Corporation at a date and time designated by the Board of Directors. Directors shall be elected at each annual meeting and any other proper business may be transacted thereat.

Section 3. Special Meetings.

(a) Special meetings of the shareholders may be called by a majority of the Board of Directors, the Chairman of the Board, the President or the holders of shares entitled to cast not less than 10 percent of the votes at such meeting.

(b) Any request for the calling of a special meeting of the shareholders shall (1) be in writing, (2) specify the date and time thereof which date shall be not less than 35 nor more than 60 days after receipt of the request, (3) specify the general nature of the business to be transacted thereat and (4) be given either personally or by first class mail, postage prepaid, or other means of written communication to the Chairman of the Board, President, any Vice President or Secretary of the Corporation. The officer receiving a proper request to call a special meeting of the shareholders shall cause notice to be given pursuant to the provisions of Section 4 of this Article to the shareholders entitled to vote thereat that a meeting will be held at the date and time specified by the person or persons calling the meeting.

 


1

Office location changed effective August 2006.

 

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(c) No business may be transacted at a special meeting unless the general nature thereof was stated in the notice of such meeting.

Section 4. Notice of Annual, Special or Adjourned Meetings.

(a) Whenever any meeting of the shareholders is to be held, a written notice of such meeting shall be given in the manner described in subdivision (d) of this Section not less than 10 nor more than 60 days before the date thereof to each shareholder entitled to vote thereat. The notice shall state the place, date and hour of the meeting and (1) in the case of a special meeting, the general nature of the business to be transacted or (2) in the case of the annual meeting, those matters which the Board of Directors, at the time of the giving of the notice, intend to present for action by the shareholders including, whenever directors are to be elected at a meeting, the names of nominees intended at the time of giving of the notice to be presented by management for election.

(b) Any proper matter may be presented at an annual meeting for action, except as is provided in subdivision (f) of Section 601 of the Corporations Code of the State of California.

(c) Notice need not be given of an adjourned meeting if the time and place thereof are announced at the meeting at which the adjournment is taken, except that if the adjournment is for more than 45 days or if after the adjournment a new record date is provided for the adjourned meeting, a notice of the adjourned meeting shall be given to each shareholder of record entitled to vote thereat.

(d) Notice of any meeting of the shareholders or any report shall be given either personally or by first class mail, postage prepaid, or other means of written communication, addressed to the shareholder at his address appearing on the books of the Corporation or given by him to the Corporation for the purpose of notice; or if no such address appears or is given at the place where the principal executive office of the Corporation is located or by publication at least once in a newspaper of general circulation in the county in which the principal executive office is located. The notice or report shall be deemed to have been given at the time when delivered personally to the recipient or deposited in the mail or sent by other means of written communication. An affidavit of mailing of any notice or report in accordance with the provisions of these Bylaws or the General Corporation Law of the State of California, executed by the Secretary, assistant secretary or any transfer agent of the Corporation, shall be prima facie evidence of the giving of the notice or report.

(e) If any notice or report addressed to the shareholder at his address appearing on the books of the Corporation is returned to the Corporation by the United States Postal Service marked to indicate that the United States Postal Service is unable to deliver the notice or report to the shareholder at such address, all future notices or reports shall be deemed to have been duly given without further mailing if the same shall be available for the shareholder upon his written demand at the principal executive office of the Corporation for a period of one year from the date of the giving of the notice or report to all other shareholders.

Section 5. Record Date.

(a) The Board of Directors may fix a time in the future as a record date for the determination of the shareholders (1) entitled to notice of any meeting or to vote thereat, (2) entitled to receive payment of any dividend or other distribution or allotment of any rights or (3) entitled to exercise any rights in respect of any other lawful action. The record date so fixed shall be not more than 60 nor less than 10 days prior to the date of any meeting of the shareholders nor more than 60 days prior to any other action.

(b) In the event no record date is fixed:

(1) The record date for determining the shareholders entitled to notice of or to vote at a meeting of shareholders shall be at the close of business on the business day next preceding the day on which notice is given or, if notice is waived, at the close of business on the business day next preceding the day on which the meeting is held.

 

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(2) The record date for determining shareholders entitled to give consent to corporate action in writing without a meeting, when no prior action by the Board of Directors has been taken, shall be the day on which the first written consent is given.

(3) The record date for determining shareholders for any other purpose shall be at the close of business on the day on which the Board of Directors adopts the resolution relating thereto, or the 60th day prior to the date of such other action, whichever is later.

(c) Only shareholders of record at the close of business on the record date are entitled to notice and to vote or to receive a dividend, distribution or allotment of rights or to exercise the rights, as the case may be, notwithstanding any transfer of any shares on the books of the Corporation after the record date.

(d) A determination of shareholders of record entitled to notice of or to vote at a meeting of shareholders shall apply to any adjournment of the meeting unless the Board of Directors fixes a new record date for the adjourned meeting, but the Board shall fix a new record date if the meeting is adjourned for more than 45 days from the date set for the original meeting.

Section 6. Quorum: Action at Meetings.

(a) A majority of the shares entitled to vote, represented in person or by proxy, shall constitute a quorum at a meeting of the shareholders.

(b) Except as provided in subdivision (c) of this Section, the affirmative vote of a majority of the shares represented and voting at a duly held meeting at which a quorum is present (which shares voting affirmatively also constitute at least a majority of the required quorum) shall be the act of the shareholders, unless the vote of a greater number is required by law or the Articles of Incorporation.

(c) The shareholders present at a duly called or held meeting at which a quorum is present may continue to transact business until adjournment notwithstanding the withdrawal of enough shareholders to leave less than a quorum, if any action taken (other than adjournment) is approved by at least a majority of the shares required to constitute a quorum.

Section 7. Adjournment. Any meeting of the shareholders may be adjourned from time to time whether or not a quorum is present by the vote of a majority of the shares represented thereat either in person or by proxy. At the adjourned meeting the Corporation may transact any business which might have been transacted at the original meeting.

Section 8. Validation of Defectively Called, Noticed or Held Meetings.

(a) The transactions of any meeting of the shareholders, however called and noticed, and wherever held, are as valid as though had at a meeting duly held after regular call and notice, if a quorum is present either in person or by proxy, and if, either before or after the meeting, each of the persons entitled to vote thereat, not present in person or by proxy, signs a written waiver of notice or a consent to the holding of the meeting or an approval of the minutes thereof. All such waivers, consents and approvals shall be flied with the corporate records or made a part of the minutes of the meeting.

(b) Attendance of a person at a meeting shall constitute a waiver of notice of, and presence at, such meeting, except (1) when the person objects, at the beginning of the meeting, to the transaction of any business because the meeting is not lawfully called or convened and (2) that attendance at a meeting is not a waiver of any right to object to the consideration of any matter required by the General Corporation Law of the State of California to be included in the notice but not so included, if such objection is expressly made at the meeting.

(c) Any written waiver of notice shall comply with subdivision (f) of Section 601 of the Corporations Code of the State of California.

 

3


Section 9. Voting for Election of Directors.

(a) Every shareholder complying with subdivision (b) of this Section and entitled to vote at any election of directors may cumulate his votes and give one candidate a number of votes equal to the number of directors to be elected multiplied by the number of votes to which his shares are normally entitled, or distribute his votes on the same principle among as many candidates as he thinks fit.

(b) No shareholder shall be entitled to cumulate his votes (i.e., cast for any one candidate a number of votes greater than the number of votes which such shareholder normally is entitled to cast) unless such candidates or candidates’ names have been placed in nomination prior to the voting and the shareholder has given notice at the meeting, prior to the voting, of his intention to cumulate his votes. If any one shareholder has given such notice, all shareholders may cumulate their votes for candidates in nomination.

(c) Elections for directors may be by voice vote or by ballot unless any shareholder entitled to vote demands election by ballot at the meeting prior to the voting, in which case the vote shall be by ballot.

(d) In any election of directors, the candidates receiving the highest number of votes of the shares entitled to be voted for them up to the number of directors to be elected by such shares are elected as directors.

Section 10. Proxies.

(a) Every person entitled to vote shares may authorize another person or persons to act with respect to such shares by a written proxy signed by him or his attorney-in-fact and filed with the Secretary of the Corporation. A proxy shall be deemed signed if the shareholder’s name is placed on the proxy (whether by manual signature, typewriting, telegraphic transmission or otherwise) by him or his attorney-in-fact.

(b) Any duly executed proxy shall continue in full force and effect until the expiration of the term specified therein or upon its earlier revocation by the person executing it prior to the vote pursuant thereto (1) by a writing delivered to the Corporation stating that it is revoked, (2) by a subsequent proxy executed by the person executing the proxy and presented to the meeting or (3) by the attendance at the meeting and voting in person by the person executing the proxy. No proxy shall be valid after the expiration of 11 months from the date thereof unless otherwise provided in the proxy. The date contained on the form of proxy shall be deemed to be the date of its execution.

(c) A proxy which states that it is irrevocable, is irrevocable for the period specified therein subject to the provisions of subdivisions (e) and (f) of Section 705 of the Corporations Code of the State of California.

Section 11. Inspectors of Election.

(a) In advance of any meeting of the shareholders, the Board of Directors may appoint either one or three persons (other than nominees for the office of director) as inspectors of election to act at such meeting or any adjournments thereof. If inspectors of election are not so appointed, or if any person so appointed fails to appear or refuses to act, the chairman of any such meeting may, and on the request of any shareholder or his proxy shall, appoint inspectors of election (or persons to replace those who so fail or refuse to act) at the meeting. If appointed at a meeting on the request of one or more shareholders or the proxies thereof, the majority of shares represented in person or by proxy shall determine whether one or three inspectors are to be appointed.

(b) The duties of inspectors of election and the manner of performance thereof shall be as prescribed in Section 707 of the Corporations Code of the State of California.

Section 12. No Action by Written Consent. Any action required or permitted to be taken by the shareholders of the Corporation must be effected at a duly called annual meeting or special meeting of shareholders of the Corporation.

 

4


Section 13. Notice of Shareholder Business. At an annual meeting of the shareholders, only such business shall be conducted as shall have been properly brought before the meeting. To be properly brought before an annual meeting, business must be (a) specified in the notice of meeting (or any supplement thereto) given by or at the direction of the Board of Directors, (b) otherwise properly brought before the meeting by or at the direction of the Board of Directors, or (c) otherwise properly brought before the meeting by a shareholder. For business to be properly brought before an annual meeting by a shareholder, the Secretary must have received written notice at least 30 days prior to the meeting. A shareholder’s notice to the Secretary shall set forth as to each matter the shareholder proposes to bring before the annual meeting (i) a brief description of the business desired to be brought before the annual meeting, (ii) the name and address, as they appear on the Corporation’s books, of the shareholder proposing such business, (iii) the class and number of shares of the Corporation which are beneficially owned by the shareholder, and (iv) any material interest of the shareholder in such business. Notwithstanding anything in these Bylaws to the contrary, no business shall be conducted at an annual meeting except in accordance with the procedures set forth in this Section.

ARTICLE IV

Directors

Section 1. Number of Directors.

(a) The authorized number of directors shall be no less than five nor more than nine2. The exact number of directors shall be fixed from time to time, within the limits specified in this subdivision, by an amendment of subdivision (b) of this Section adopted by the Board of Directors.

(b) The exact number of directors shall be five3, until changed as provided in subdivision (a) of this Section.

(c) The maximum or minimum authorized number of directors may only be changed by an amendment of this Section approved by the vote or written consent of a majority of the outstanding shares entitled to vote; provided, however, that an amendment reducing the minimum number to a number less than five shall not be adopted if the votes cast against its adoption at a meeting (or the shares not consenting in the case of action by written consent) exceed 16 -2/3% of such outstanding shares; and provided, further, that in no case shall the stated maximum authorized number of directors exceed two times the stated minimum number of authorized directors minus one.

Section 2. Election of Directors. Directors shall be elected at each annual meeting of the shareholders.

Section 3. Term of Office. Each director, including a director elected to fill a vacancy, shall hold office until the expiration of the term for which he is elected and until a successor has been elected.

Section 4. Vacancies.

(a) A vacancy in the Board of Directors exists whenever any authorized position of director is not then filled by a duly elected director, whether caused by death, resignation, removal, change in the authorized number of directors, or otherwise.

(b) Except for a vacancy created by the removal of a director, vacancies on the Board of Directors may be filled by a majority of the directors then in office, whether or not less than a quorum, or by a sole remaining director. A vacancy created by the removal of a director shall be filled only by shareholders.

(c) The shareholder may elect a director at any time to fill any vacancy not filled by the directors.

 


2

Changed at 7/10/96 Shareholders Meeting

3

Changed effective 2/4/2003 BOD Meeting

 

5


Section 5. Removal.

(a) The Board of Directors may declare vacant the office of a director who has been declared of unsound mind by an order of court or convicted of a felony.

(b) Any or all of the directors may be removed without cause if such removal is approved by a majority of the outstanding shares entitled to vote; provided, however, that no director may be removed (unless the entire Board of Directors is removed) if whenever the votes cast against removal, or not consenting in writing to such removal, would be sufficient to elect such director if voted cumulatively at an election at which the same total number of votes were cast (or, if such action is taken by written consent, all shares entitled to vote were voted) and the entire number of directors authorized at the time of his most recent election were then being elected.

(c) Any reduction of the authorized number of directors does not remove any director prior to the expiration of his term of office.

Section 6. Resignation. Any director may resign effective upon giving written notice to the Chairman of the Board, the President, the Secretary or the Board of Directors of the Corporation, unless the notice specifies a later time for the effectiveness of such resignation. If the resignation is effective at a future time, a successor may be elected to take office when the resignation becomes effective.

Section 7. Fees and Compensation. Directors may be paid for their services in such capacity a sum in such amounts, at such times and upon such conditions as may be determined from time to time by resolution of the Board of Directors, and may be reimbursed for their expenses, if any, incurred in such capacity, including (without limitation) expenses of attendance at any meeting of the Board. No such payments shall preclude any director from serving the Corporation in any other capacity and receiving compensation in any manner therefor.

Section 8. Nomination of Director. A nomination for director shall be accepted, and votes cast for a proposed nominee shall be counted by the inspectors of election, only if the Secretary has received at least 30 days prior to the meeting at which directors are to be elected a statement over the signature of the proposed nominee that he consents to being a nominee and, if elected, intends to serve as a director. Such statement shall also contain the stock ownership of the proposed nominee, occupations and business history for the previous five years, other directorship, names of business entities in which the proposed nominee owns a 10 percent or more equity interests, listing of any criminal convictions, including federal or state securities violations, and all other information required by the federal proxy rules in effect at the time the proposed nominee submits said statement.

ARTICLE V

Committees of the Board of Directors

Section 1. Designation of Committees. The Board of Directors may, by resolution adopted by a majority of the authorized number of directors, designate (1) one or more committees, each consisting of two or more directors and (2) one or more directors as alternate members of any committee, who may replace any absent member at any meeting thereof. Any member or alternate member of a committee shall serve at the pleasure of the Board.

Section 2. Powers of Committees. Any committee, to the extent provided in the resolution of the Board of Directors designating such committee, shall have all the authority of the Board, except with respect to:

(a) The approval of any action for which the General Corporation Law of the State of California also requires any action by the shareholders;

(b) The filling of vacancies on the Board or in any committed thereof;

 

6


(c) The fixing of compensation of the directors for serving on the Board or on any committee thereof;

(d) The amendment or repeal of these Bylaws or the adoption of new bylaws;

(e) The amendment or repeal of any resolution of the Board which by its express terms is not so amendable or repealable;

(f) A distribution to the shareholders of the Corporation, except at a rate or in a periodic amount or within a price range determined by the Board of Directors; or

(g) The designation of other committees of the Board or the appointment of members or alternate members thereof.

ARTICLE VI

Meetings of the Board of Directors and Committees Thereof

Section 1. Place of Meetings. Regular meetings of the Board of Directors shall be held at any place within or without the State of California which has been designated from time to time by the Board, or, in the absence of such designation, at the principal executive office of the Corporation. Special meetings of the Board shall be held either at any place within or without the State of California which has been designated in the notice of the meeting or, if not stated in the notice or if there is no notice, at the principal executive office of the Corporation.

Section 2. Organization Meeting. Immediately following each annual meeting of the shareholders, the Board of Directors shall hold a regular meeting for the purpose of organization and transaction of other business. Notice of any such meeting is not required.

Section 3. Other Regular Meetings. Other regular meetings of the Board of Directors shall be held without call at such time as shall be designated from time to time by the Board. Notice of any such meeting is not required.

Section 4. Special Meetings. Special meetings of the Board of Directors may be called at any time for any purpose or purposes by the Chairman of the Board or the President or any Vice President or the Secretary or any two directors. Notice shall be given of any special meeting of the Board.

Section 5. Notice of Special Meetings.

(a) Notice of the time and place of special meetings of the Board of Directors shall be delivered personally to each director or sent to each director by first class mail or telegraph, charges prepaid, telephone, including a voice messaging system or other system or technology designed to record and communicate messages, facsimile, electronic mail, or other electronic means. Such notice shall be given four days prior to the holding of the special meeting if sent by mail or 48 hours prior to the holding thereof if delivered personally or given by telephone, telegraph, facsimile, electronic mail, or other electronic means permitted in this Section. The notice or report shall be deemed to have been given at the time when delivered personally to the recipient or deposited in the mail or sent by other means of communication permitted in this Section.

(b) Notice of any special meeting of the Board of Directors need not specify the purpose thereof and need not be given to any director who signs a waiver of notice, whether before or after the meeting, or who attends the meeting without protesting, prior thereto or at its commencement, the lack of notice to him.

Section 6. Validation of Defectively Held Meetings. The transactions of any meetings of the Board of Directors, however called and noticed or wherever held, are as valid as though had at a meeting duly held after

 

7


regular call and notice if a quorum is present and if, either before or after the meeting, each of the directors not present signs a written waiver of notice, a consent to holding the meeting or an approval of the minutes thereof. Such waivers, consents and approvals (a) need not specify the purpose of any meeting of the Board of Directors and (b) shall be filed with the corporate records or made a part of the minutes of the meeting.

Section 7. Quorum of Meetings.

(a) A majority of the authorized number of directors shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business. Every act or decision done or made by a majority of the directors present at a meeting duly held at which a quorum is present is the act of the Board of Directors, unless action by a greater proportion of the directors is required by law or the Articles of Incorporation.

(b) A meeting at which a quorum is initially present may continue to transact business notwithstanding the withdrawal of directors, if any action taken is approved by at least a majority of the required quorum for such meeting.

(c) Members of the Board may participate in a meeting through use of conference telephone or similar communications equipment so long as all members participating in such meeting can hear one another. Participation in a meeting by this means constitutes presence at such meeting.

Section 8. Adjournment. A majority of the directors present, whether or not a quorum is present, may adjourn any meeting for another time and place. If the meeting is adjourned for more than 24 hours, notice of any adjournment to another time or place shall be given prior to the time of the adjourned meeting to the directors who were not present at the time of the adjournment.

Section 9. Motion Without a Meeting. Any action required or permitted to be taken by the Board of Directors may be taken without a meeting, if all members of the Board individually or collectively consent in writing to such action. Such written consent or consents shall be filed with the minutes of the proceedings of the Board. Such action by written consent shall have the same force and effect as a unanimous vote of such directors.

Section 10. Meeting of and Actions by Committees. The provisions of this Article apply to committees of the Board of Directors and action by such committees with such changes in the language of those provisions as are necessary to substitute the committee and its members for the Board and its members.

ARTICLE VII

Officers

Section 1. Officers. The Corporation shall have as officers, a President, a Secretary, and a Chief Financial Officer. The Corporation may also have, at the discretion of the Board, a Chairman of the Board, one or more vice presidents, one or more assistant secretaries, one or more assistant treasurers, and such other officers as may be appointed in accordance with the provisions of Section 3 of this Article.

Section 2. Selection of Officers. The officers of the Corporation, except such officers as may be appointed in accordance with the provisions of Section 3 or Section 5 of this Article, shall be chosen by the Board of Directors.

Section 3. Subordinate Officers. The Board of Directors may appoint by resolution, and may empower the Chairman of the Board, if there be such an officer, or the President, to appoint such other officers as the business of the Corporation may require, each of whom shall hold office for such period, have such authority and perform such duties as are determined from time to time by resolution of the Board or, in the absence of any such determination, as are provided in these Bylaws. Any appointment of an officer shall be evidenced by a written instrument filed with the Secretary of the Corporation and maintained with the corporate records.

 

8


Section 4. Removal and Resignation.

(a) Any officer may be removed, either with or without cause, by the Board of Directors or, except in case of any officer chosen by the Board, by any officer upon whom such power of removal may be conferred by resolution of the Board.

(b) Any officer may resign at any time effective upon giving written notice to the Chairman of the Board, President, any vice president, or Secretary of the Corporation, unless the notice specifies a later time for the effectiveness of such resignation.

Section 5. Vacancies. A vacancy in any office because of death, resignation, removal, disqualification or any other cause shall be filled in the manner prescribed in these Bylaws for regular appointments to such office.

Section 6. Chairman of the Board. If there is a Chairman of the Board, he shall, if present, preside at all meetings of the Board of Directors, exercise and perform such other powers and duties as may be from time to time assigned to him by resolution of the Board and, if there is no President, the Chairman of the Board shall be the chief executive officer of the Corporation and have the power and duties set forth in Section 7 of this Article.

Section 7. President. Subject to such supervisory powers, if any, as may be given by the Board of Directors to the Chairman of the Board, if there be such an Officer, the President shall be the Chief Executive Officer and General Manager of the Corporation and shall, subject to the control of the Board, have general supervision, direction and control of the business and affairs of the Corporation. He shall preside at all meetings of the shareholders and, in the absence of the Chairman of the Board, or if there be none, at all meetings of the board. He shall have the general powers and duties of management usually vested in the office of president of a corporation, and shall have such other powers and duties as may be prescribed from time to time by resolution of the Board.

Section 8. Vice President. In the absence or disability of the President, the vice presidents in order of their rank as fixed by the Board of Directors or, if not ranked, the Vice President designated by the Board, shall perform all the duties of the President and when so acting shall have all the powers of, and be subject to all the restrictions upon, the President. The vice presidents shall have such other powers and perform such other duties as from time to time may be prescribed for them respectively by the Board or as the President may from time to time delegate.

Section 9. Secretary.

(a) The Secretary shall keep or cause to be kept (1) the minute book, (2) the share register and (3) the seal, if any, of the Corporation.

(b) The Secretary shall give, or cause to be given, notice of all meetings of the shareholders and of the Board of Directors required by these Bylaws or by law to be given, and shall have such other powers and perform such other duties as may be prescribed from time to time by the Board.

Section 10. Chief Financial Officer.

(a) The Chief Financial Officer shall perform the duties of a chief financial officer of a corporation. The Chief Financial Officer also shall keep, or cause to be kept, the books and records of account of the Corporation.

(b) The Chief Financial Officer shall deposit all monies and other valuables in the name and to the credit of the Corporation with such depositories as may be designated from time to time by resolution of the Board of Directors. He shall disburse the funds of the Corporation as may be ordered by the Board of Directors, shall render to the President and Board, whenever they request it, an account of all of his transactions as Chief Financial Officer and of the financial condition of the Corporation, and shall have such other powers and perform such other duties as may be prescribed from time to time by the Board or as the President may from time to time delegate.

 

9


ARTICLE VIII

Records and Reports

Section 1. Minute Book—Maintenance and Inspection. The Corporation shall keep or cause to be kept in written form at its principal executive office or such other place as the Board of Directors may order, a minute book which shall contain a record of all actions by its shareholders, Board or committees of the Board including the time, date and place of each meeting; whether a meeting is regular or special and, if special, how called; the manner of giving notice of each meeting and a copy thereof; the names of those present at each meeting of the Board or committees thereof; the number of shares present or represented at each meeting of the shareholders; the proceedings of all meetings; any written waivers of notice, consents to the holding of a meeting or approval of the minutes thereof; and written consents for action without a meeting.

Section 2. Share Register—Maintenance and Inspection. The Corporation shall keep or cause to be kept at its principal executive office or, if so provided by resolution of the Board of Directors, at the Corporation’s transfer agent or registrar, a share register, or a duplicate share register, which shall contain the names of the shareholders and their addresses, the number and classes of shares held by each, the number and date of certificates issued for the same and the number and date of cancellation of every certificate surrendered for cancellation.

Section 3. Books and Records of Account—Maintenance and Inspection. The Corporation shall keep or cause to be kept at its principal executive office or such other place as the Board of Directors may order, adequate and correct books and records of account

Section 4. Bylaws;—Maintenance and Inspection. The Corporation shall keep at its principal executive office or, in the absence of such office in the State of California, at its principal business office in that state, the original or a copy of the Bylaws as amended to date.

ARTICLE IX

Miscellaneous

Section 1. Checks, Drafts, Etc. All checks, drafts or other orders for payment of money, notes or other evidences of indebtedness, and any assignment or endorsement thereof, issued in the name of or payable to the Corporation, shall be signed or endorsed by such person or persons and in such manner as, from time to time, shall be determined by resolution of the Board of Directors.

Section 2. Contracts, Etc.—How Executed. The Board of Directors, except as otherwise provided in these Bylaws, may authorize any officer or officers, agent or agents, to enter into any contract or execute any instrument in the name of and on behalf of the Corporation, and such authority may be general or confirmed to specific instances; and, unless so authorized or ratified by the Board, no officer, employee or other agent shall have any power or authority to bind the Corporation by any contract or engagement or to pledge its credit or to render it liable for any purpose or to any amount

Section 3. Certificates; Direct Registration System.

(a) Shares of the Corporation’s capital stock may be certificated or uncertificated, as provided under California law. Any certificates that are issued shall be signed in the name of the Corporation by the Chairman of the Board or the President or a Vice President and by the Treasurer or an assistant treasurer or the Secretary or an assistant secretary, certifying the number of shares and the class or series thereof owned by the shareholder. Any or all of the signatures on a certificate may be by facsimile signature. In case any officer, transfer agent or registrar who has signed or whose facsimile signature has been placed upon a certificate shall have ceased to be

 

10


such officer, transfer agent or registrar before such certificate is issued, it may be issued by the Corporation with the same effect as if such person were an officer, transfer agent or registrar at the date of issue. Shares of the Corporation’s capital stock may also be evidenced by registration in the holder’s name in uncertificated, book-entry form on the books of the Corporation in accordance with a direct registration system approved by the Securities and Exchange Commission and by the NASDAQ Stock Market or any securities exchange on which the stock of the Corporation may from time to time be traded.

(b) Transfers of shares of stock of the Corporation shall be made by the transfer agent and registrar on the books of the Corporation after receipt of a request with proper evidence of succession, assignment, or authority to transfer by the record holder of such stock, or by an attorney lawfully constituted in writing, and in the case of stock represented by a certificate, upon surrender of the certificate. Subject to the foregoing, the Board of Directors shall have power and authority to make such rules and regulations as it shall deem necessary or appropriate concerning the issue, transfer, and registration of shares of stock of the Corporation, and to appoint and remove transfer agents and registrars of transfers.

Section 4. Lost Certificates. Except as provided in this Section, no new certificates for shares shall be issued in lieu of an old certificate unless the latter is surrendered to the Corporation and canceled at the same time. The Board of Directors may in case any share certificate or certificate for any other security is lost, stolen or destroyed, authorize the issuance of a new certificate in lieu thereof (or uncertificated shares in lieu of a new certificate), upon such terms and conditions as the Board may require, including provision for indemnification of the Corporation secured by a bond or other adequate security sufficient to protect the Corporation against any claim that may be made against it, including any expense or liability, on account of the alleged loss, theft or destruction of such certificate or the issuance of such new certificate.

Section 5. Representation of Shares of Other Corporations. Any person designated by resolution of the Board of Directors or, in the absence of such designation, the Chairman of the Board, the President or any Vice President or the Secretary, or any other person authorized by any of the foregoing, is authorized to vote on behalf of the Corporation any and all shares of any other corporation or corporations, foreign or domestic, owned by the Corporation.

Section 6. Construction and Definitions. Unless the context otherwise requires, the general provisions, rules of construction and definitions contained in the Corporations Code of the State of California shall govern the construction of these Bylaws.

Section 7. Indemnification of Corporate Agent; Purchase of Liability Insurance.

(a) The Corporation shall, to the maximum extent permitted by the General Corporation Law of the State of California, and as the same may from time to time be amended, indemnify each of its agents against expenses, judgments, fines, settlements and other amounts actually and reasonably incurred in connection with any proceeding to which such person was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party arising by reason of the fact that such person is or was an agent of the Corporation. For purposes of this Section 7, an “agent” of the Corporation includes any person who is or was a director, officer, employee or other agent of the Corporation, or is or was serving at the request of the Corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another foreign or domestic corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, or was a director, officer, employee or agent of a foreign or domestic corporation which was a predecessor corporation of the Corporation or of another enterprise at the request of such predecessor corporation; “proceeding” means any threatened, pending or completed action or proceeding, whether civil, criminal administrative or investigative, and includes an action or proceeding by or in the right of the Corporation to procure a judgment in its favor; and “expense” includes attorney’s fees and any expenses of establishing a right to indemnification under this subdivision (a).

(b) The right of indemnification provided in this Section shall inure to each person referred to herein, and shall extend to his legal representatives in the event of his death. The right of indemnification provided herein

 

11


shall not be exclusive of any other rights to which any such person, or any other individual, may be entitled as a matter of law, or pursuant to any agreement, vote of directors or shareholders or otherwise.

(c) The Corporation shall, if and to the extent the Board of Directors so determines, by resolution, purchase and maintain insurance in an amount and on behalf of such agents of the Corporation as the Board may specify in such resolution against any liability asserted against or incurred by the agent in such capacity or arising out of the agent’s status as such whether or not the Corporation would have the capacity to indemnify the agent against such liability under the provisions of this Section.

ARTICLE X

Amendments

Section 1. Amendments. New bylaws may be adopted or these Bylaws may be amended or repealed by the affirmative vote of a majority of the outstanding shares entitled to vote. Subject to the next preceding sentence, bylaws (other than a bylaw or amendment thereof specifying or changing a fixed number of directors or the maximum or minimum number, or changing from a fixed to a variable board or vice versa) may be adopted, amended or repealed by the Board of Directors.

 

12

EX-21.1 3 dex211.htm SUBSIDIARIES OF THE COMPANY Subsidiaries of the Company

EXHIBIT 21.1

SUBSIDIARIES OF THE COMPANY

The following are the significant subsidiaries of Comarco, Inc.:

 

   

Comarco Wireless Technologies, Inc. (CWT), incorporated in the state of Delaware.

 

   

Comarco Wireless International, Inc. (formerly known as Comarco Wireless Europe, Inc.), incorporated in the State of Delaware.

EX-23.1 4 dex231.htm CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM - BDO SEIDMAN LLP Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm - BDO Seidman LLP

EXHIBIT 23.1

CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

COMARCO, Inc.

Lake Forest, California

We hereby consent to the incorporation by reference in the Registration Statements on Form S-8 (Nos. 33-44943, 33-45096, 33-63219, 333-11749, 333-78677, 333-42350, 333-141354, and 333-141390) of Comarco, Inc. of our report dated April 23, 2007 relating to the consolidated balance sheets, statements of operations, shareholders’ equity, and cash flows as of and for the years ended January 31, 2007, 2006, and 2005 and the referenced consolidated financial statement schedule therein, which appears in the January 31, 2007 annual report on Form 10-K of Comarco, Inc.

/s/ BDO Seidman LLP

April 27, 2007

EX-31.1 5 dex311.htm CERTIFICATION OF CEO Certification of CEO

EXHIBIT 31.1

Certification of Chief Executive Officer

Pursuant to Section 302 of the

Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

I, Thomas A. Franza, Chief Executive Officer of Comarco, Inc., certify that:

 

  1. I have reviewed this report on Form 10-K of Comarco, Inc.;

 

  2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

 

  3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

 

  4. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) for the registrant and have:

 

  a) designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

 

  b) evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

 

  c) disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting;

 

  5. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

 

  a) all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize, and report financial information; and

 

  b) any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

 

Date: April 30, 2007

    /s/    THOMAS A. FRANZA        
       

Thomas A. Franza

Chief Executive Officer

EX-31.2 6 dex312.htm CERTIFICATION OF CFO Certification of CFO

EXHIBIT 31.2

Certification of Chief Financial Officer

Pursuant to Section 302 of the

Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

I, Daniel R. Lutz, Chief Financial Officer of Comarco, Inc., certify that:

 

  1. I have reviewed this report on Form 10-K of Comarco, Inc.;

 

  2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

 

  3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

 

  4. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) for the registrant and have:

 

  a) designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

 

  b) evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

 

  c) disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting;

 

  5. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

 

  a) all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize, and report financial information; and

 

  b) any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

 

Date: April 30, 2007

    /s/    DANIEL R. LUTZ        
       

Daniel R. Lutz

Chief Financial Officer

EX-32.1 7 dex321.htm CERTIFICATION OF CEO Certification of CEO

EXHIBIT 32.1

Certification of Chief Executive Officer

Pursuant to Section 906 of the

Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

In connection with this annual report on Form 10-K of Comarco, Inc. I, Thomas A. Franza, Chief Executive Officer of Comarco, Inc., certify, pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that, to my knowledge:

 

  1. This annual report on Form 10-K fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

 

  2. The information contained in this report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of Comarco, Inc.

 

Date: April 30, 2007

    /s/    THOMAS A. FRANZA        
    Thomas A. Franza
    Chief Executive Officer

A signed original copy of this written statement required by Section 906 has been provided to the Company and will be retained by the Company and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon request.

EX-32.2 8 dex322.htm CERTIFICATION OF CFO Certification of CFO

EXHIBIT 32.2

Certification of Chief Financial Officer

Pursuant to Section 906 of the

Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

In connection with this annual report on Form 10-K of Comarco, Inc. I, Daniel R. Lutz, Chief Financial Officer of Comarco, Inc., certify, pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that, to my knowledge:

 

  1. This annual report on Form 10-K fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

 

  2. The information contained in this report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of Comarco, Inc.

 

Date: April 30, 2007

    /s/    DANIEL R. LUTZ        
    Daniel R. Lutz
    Chief Financial Officer

A signed original copy of this written statement required by Section 906 has been provided to the Company and will be retained by the Company and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon request.

EX-99.1 9 dex991.htm SUPPLEMENT TO REGISTRANT'S REGISTRATION STATEMENTS ON FORM S-8 Supplement to Registrant's Registration Statements on Form S-8

EXHIBIT 99.1

Supplement to Registrant’s Registration Statements on Form S-8

In accordance with the requirements of Form S-8, the registrant hereby supplements any discussion of the indemnification provisions of the registrant in all of the registrant’s registration statements previously filed on Form S-8 with the following undertaking:

Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act of 1933 may be permitted to directors, officers, and controlling persons of the registrant pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, the registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer, or controlling person of the registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit, or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer, or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, the registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.

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