10-Q

Table of Contents

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D. C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

☑ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF

THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2024

OR

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF

THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from ___  to  ___.

Commission file number: 1-07908

ADAMS RESOURCES & ENERGY, INC.

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)

Delaware	74-1753147
(State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

17 South Briar Hollow Lane, Suite 100

Houston, Texas 77027

(Address of Principal Executive Offices, including Zip Code)

(713) 881-3600

(Registrant’s Telephone Number, including Area Code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, $0.10 Par Value	AE	NYSE American LLC

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes þ No o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes þ No ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company.  See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer	☐	Accelerated filer	☑
Non-accelerated filer	☐	Smaller reporting company	☑
Emerging growth company	☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No þ

A total of 2,567,104 shares of Common Stock were outstanding at May 1, 2024.

Table of Contents

ADAMS RESOURCES & ENERGY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

TABLE OF CONTENTS

		Page Number
PART I.  FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1.	Financial Statements.
	Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets	2
	Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations	3
	Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows	4
	Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity	5
	Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	6
Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.	24
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.	36
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures.	36
PART II.  OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings.	36
Item 1A.	Risk Factors.	37
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.	37
Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities.	37
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures.	37
Item 5.	Other Information.	37
Item 6.	Exhibits.	38
Signatures		39

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PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements

ADAMS RESOURCES & ENERGY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(In thousands, except share data)

	March 31,		December 31,
	2024		2023
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	36,603	$	33,256
Restricted cash	11,664		11,990
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for credit
losses of $94 and $117, respectively	185,296		164,295
Inventory	27,326		19,827
Prepayments and other current assets	2,538		3,103
Total current assets	263,427		232,471
Property and equipment, net	104,659		105,065
Operating lease right-of-use assets, net	5,385		5,832
Intangible assets, net	7,563		7,985
Goodwill	6,673		6,673
Other assets	3,124		3,308
Total assets	$	390,831	$	361,334
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	219,421	$	183,102
Current portion of finance lease obligations	6,251		6,206
Current portion of operating lease liabilities	2,508		2,829
Current portion of long-term debt	2,500		2,500
Other current liabilities	15,492		16,150
Total current liabilities	246,172		210,787
Other long-term liabilities:
Long-term debt	16,750		19,375
Asset retirement obligations	2,529		2,514
Finance lease obligations	18,087		19,685
Operating lease liabilities	2,883		3,006
Deferred taxes and other liabilities	12,756		13,251
Total liabilities	299,177		268,618
Commitments and contingencies (Note 14)
Shareholders’ equity:
Preferred stock – $1.00 par value, 960,000 shares
authorized, none outstanding	—		—
Common stock – $0.10 par value, 7,500,000 shares
authorized, 2,566,649 and 2,547,154 shares outstanding, respectively	255		253
Contributed capital	21,879		21,802
Retained earnings	69,520		70,661
Total shareholders’ equity	91,654		92,716
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity	$	390,831	$	361,334

See Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

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ADAMS RESOURCES & ENERGY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(In thousands, except per share data)

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2024		2023
Revenues:
Marketing	$	623,824	$	608,476
Transportation	23,231		26,445
Pipeline and storage	4		—
Logistics and repurposing	13,991		15,241
Total revenues	661,050		650,162
Costs and expenses:
Marketing	615,591		604,494
Transportation	20,150		22,413
Pipeline and storage	697		938
Logistics and repurposing	13,837		13,125
General and administrative	4,781		4,772
Depreciation and amortization	6,355		7,050
Total costs and expenses	661,411		652,792
Operating losses	(361)		(2,630)
Other income (expense):
Interest and other income	561		204
Interest expense	(793)		(696)
Total other income (expense), net	(232)		(492)
Losses before income taxes	(593)		(3,122)
Income tax benefit	95		1,123
Net losses	$	(498)	$	(1,999)
Losses per share:
Basic net losses per common share	$	(0.19)	$	(0.79)
Diluted net losses per common share	$	(0.19)	$	(0.79)
Dividends per common share	$	0.24	$	0.24

See Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

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ADAMS RESOURCES & ENERGY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(In thousands)

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2024		2023
Operating activities:
Net losses	$	(498)	$	(1,999)
Adjustments to reconcile net losses to net cash
provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	6,355		7,050
Gains on sales of property	(337)		(31)
Provision for credit losses	(23)		(3)
Stock-based compensation expense	307		283
Deferred income taxes	(504)		(1,424)
Net change in fair value contracts	—		(487)
Changes in assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable	(20,978)		30,916
Accounts receivable/payable, affiliates	—		(31)
Inventories	(7,499)		4,644
Prepayments and other current assets	565		90
Accounts payable	36,291		(12,653)
Accrued liabilities	(599)		(2,514)
Other	(17)		(134)
Net cash provided by operating activities	13,063		23,707
Investing activities:
Property and equipment additions	(6,152)		(1,900)
Proceeds from property sales	962		441
Net cash used in investing activities	(5,190)		(1,459)
Financing activities:
Borrowings under Credit Agreement	—		18,000
Repayments under Credit Agreement	(2,625)		(18,625)
Principal repayments of finance lease obligations	(1,553)		(1,576)
Net proceeds from sale of equity	—		549
Dividends paid on common stock	(674)		(681)
Net cash used in financing activities	(4,852)		(2,333)
Increase in cash and cash equivalents, including restricted cash	3,021		19,915
Cash and cash equivalents, including restricted cash, at beginning of period	45,246		31,067
Cash and cash equivalents, including restricted cash, at end of period	$	48,267	$	50,982

See Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

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ADAMS RESOURCES & ENERGY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY

(In thousands, except per share data)

							Total
	Common		Contributed		Retained		Shareholders’
	Stock		Capital		Earnings		Equity
Balance, January 1, 2024	$	253	$	21,802	$	70,661	$	92,716
Net losses	—		—		(498)		(498)
Stock-based compensation expense	—		307		—		307
Vesting of restricted awards	3		(3)		—		—
Cancellation of shares withheld to cover
taxes upon vesting of restricted awards	(1)		(227)		—		(228)
Dividends declared:
Common stock, $0.24/share	—		—		(615)		(615)
Awards under LTIP, $0.24/share	—		—		(28)		(28)
Balance, March 31, 2024	$	255	$	21,879	$	69,520	$	91,654

							Total
	Common		Contributed		Retained		Shareholders’
	Stock		Capital		Earnings		Equity
Balance, January 1, 2023	$	248	$	19,965	$	72,964	$	93,177
Net losses	—		—		(1,999)		(1,999)
Stock-based compensation expense	—		283		—		283
Vesting of restricted awards	3		(3)		—		—
Cancellation of shares withheld to cover
taxes upon vesting of restricted awards	—		(222)		—		(222)
Shares sold under at-the-market offering
program	1		548		—		549
Dividends declared:
Common stock, $0.24/share	—		—		(608)		(608)
Awards under LTIP, $0.24/share	—		—		(25)		(25)
Balance, March 31, 2023	$	252	$	20,571	$	70,332	$	91,155

See Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

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ADAMS RESOURCES & ENERGY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Note 1. Organization and Basis of Presentation

Organization

Adams Resources & Energy, Inc. is a publicly traded Delaware corporation organized in 1973, the common shares of which are listed on the NYSE American LLC under the ticker symbol “AE”. Through our subsidiaries, we are primarily engaged in crude oil marketing, truck and pipeline transportation of crude oil, and terminalling and storage in various crude oil and natural gas basins in the lower 48 states of the United States (“U.S.”). In addition, we conduct tank truck transportation of liquid chemicals, pressurized gases, asphalt and dry bulk primarily in the lower 48 states of the U.S. with deliveries into Canada and Mexico, and with sixteen terminals across the U.S. We also recycle and repurpose off-specification fuels, lubricants, crude oil and other chemicals from producers in the U.S. Unless the context requires otherwise, references to “we,” “us,” “our,” “Adams” or the “Company” are intended to mean the business and operations of Adams Resources & Energy, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries.  

We operate and report in four business segments: (i) crude oil marketing, transportation and storage; (ii) tank truck transportation of liquid chemicals, pressurized gases, asphalt and dry bulk; (iii) pipeline transportation, terminalling and storage of crude oil; and (iv) interstate bulk transportation logistics of crude oil, condensate, fuels, oils and other petroleum products and recycling and repurposing of off-specification fuels, lubricants, crude oil and other chemicals. See Note 7 for further information regarding our business segments.

Basis of Presentation

Our results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2024 are not necessarily indicative of results expected for the full year of 2024. In the opinion of management, the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments consisting of normal recurring accruals necessary for fair presentation.  The condensed consolidated financial statements and the accompanying notes are prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) for interim financial statements and the rules of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). Certain information and footnote disclosures required by GAAP for complete annual financial statements have been omitted and, therefore, these interim financial statements should be read in conjunction with our audited consolidated financial statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023 (the “2023 Form 10-K”) filed with the SEC on March 13, 2024. All significant intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of our financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to use estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amount of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. We base our estimates and judgments on historical experience and on various other assumptions and information we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. Estimates and assumptions about future events and their effects cannot be perceived with certainty and, accordingly, these estimates may change as new events occur, as more experience is acquired, as additional information is obtained and as the operating environment changes. While we believe the estimates and assumptions used in the preparation of these condensed consolidated financial statements are appropriate, actual results could differ from those estimates.

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ADAMS RESOURCES & ENERGY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Note 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash

The following table provides a reconciliation of cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash as reported in the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets that totals to the amounts shown in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of cash flows at the dates indicated (in thousands):

	March 31,		December 31,
	2024		2023
Cash and cash equivalents	$	36,603	$	33,256
Restricted cash:
Collateral for outstanding letters of credit (1)	112		111
Captive insurance subsidiary (2)	11,552		11,879
Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash shown in the
unaudited condensed consolidated statements of cash flows	$	48,267	$	45,246

_____________

(1)Represents amounts that are held in a segregated bank account by Wells Fargo Bank as collateral for an outstanding letter of credit.

(2)$1.5 million of the restricted cash balance relates to the initial capitalization of our captive insurance company formed in late 2020, and the remainder primarily represents cash amounts held by our captive insurance company for insurance premiums.

Common Shares Outstanding

The following table reconciles our outstanding common stock for the periods indicated:

	Common
	shares
Balance, January 1, 2024	2,547,154
Vesting of restricted stock unit awards (see Note 11)	19,334
Vesting of performance share unit awards (see Note 11)	6,318
Shares withheld to cover taxes upon vesting of equity awards	(6,157)
Balance, March 31, 2024	2,566,649

Earnings Per Share

Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing our net earnings (losses) by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per share is computed by giving effect to all potential common shares outstanding, including shares related to unvested restricted stock unit awards. Unvested restricted stock unit awards granted under the Adams Resources & Energy, Inc. 2018 Long-Term Incentive Plan, as amended and restated (“2018 LTIP”), or granted as employment inducement awards outside of the 2018 LTIP, are not considered to be participating securities as the holders of these shares do not have non-forfeitable dividend rights in the event of our declaration of a dividend for common shares (see Note 11 for further discussion).

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ADAMS RESOURCES & ENERGY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

A reconciliation of the calculation of basic and diluted earnings (losses) per share was as follows for the periods indicated (in thousands, except per share data):

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2024		2023
Earnings (Losses) per share — numerator:
Net losses	$	(498)	$	(1,999)
Denominator:
Basic weighted average number of shares outstanding	2,554		2,517
Basic net losses per share	$	(0.19)	$	(0.79)
Diluted earnings per share:
Diluted weighted average number of shares outstanding:
Common shares	2,554		2,517
Restricted stock unit awards (1)	—		—
Performance share unit awards (1) (2)	—		—
Total diluted shares	2,554		2,517
Diluted net losses per share	$	(0.19)	$	(0.79)

_______________

(1)For the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, the effect of the restricted stock unit awards and the performance share unit awards on losses per share was anti-dilutive.

(2)The dilutive effect of performance share awards is included in the calculation of diluted earnings per share when the performance share award performance conditions have been achieved.

Fair Value Measurements

The carrying amounts reported in the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets for cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable and accounts payable approximates fair value because of the immediate or short-term maturity of these financial instruments. Marketable securities are recorded at fair value based on market quotations from actively traded liquid markets. The fair value of the term loan under our credit agreement (see Note 10 for further information) is representative of the carrying value based upon the variable terms and management’s opinion that the current rates available to us with the same maturity and security structure are equivalent to that of the debt.

A three-tier hierarchy has been established that classifies fair value amounts recognized in the financial statements based on the observability of inputs used to estimate these fair values.  The hierarchy considers fair value amounts based on observable inputs (Levels 1 and 2) to be more reliable and predictable than those based primarily on unobservable inputs (Level 3).  At each balance sheet reporting date, we categorize our financial assets and liabilities using this hierarchy.

Fair value contracts consist of derivative financial instruments and are recorded as either an asset or liability measured at its fair value. Changes in fair value are recognized immediately in earnings unless the derivatives qualify for, and we elect, cash flow hedge accounting. We had no contracts designated for hedge accounting outstanding during any current reporting periods.

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ADAMS RESOURCES & ENERGY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Income Taxes

Income taxes are accounted for using the asset and liability method. Under this approach, deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized based on anticipated future tax consequences attributable to differences between financial statement carrying amounts of these items and their respective tax basis.

Inventory

Inventory consists of crude oil held in storage tanks and at third-party pipelines as part of our crude oil marketing and pipeline and storage operations. Crude oil inventory is carried at the lower of cost or net realizable value. At the end of each reporting period, we assess the carrying value of our inventory and make adjustments necessary to reduce the carrying value to the applicable net realizable value. Any resulting adjustments are a component of marketing costs and expenses or pipeline and storage costs and expenses on our unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations.

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment is recorded at cost. Expenditures for additions, improvements and other enhancements to property and equipment are capitalized, and minor replacements, maintenance and repairs that do not extend asset life or add value are charged to expense as incurred. When property and equipment assets are retired or otherwise disposed of, the related cost and accumulated depreciation is removed from the accounts and any resulting gain or loss is included in results of operations in operating costs and expenses for the respective period. Property and equipment, except for land, is depreciated using the straight-line method over the estimated average useful lives ranging from two to thirty-nine years.

We review our long-lived assets for impairment whenever there is evidence that the carrying value of these assets may not be recoverable. Any impairment recognized is permanent and may not be restored. Property and equipment is reviewed at the lowest level of identifiable cash flows. For property and equipment requiring impairment, the fair value is estimated based on an internal discounted cash flow model of future cash flows.

See Note 5 for additional information regarding our property and equipment.

Stock-Based Compensation

We measure all share-based payment awards, including the issuance of restricted stock unit awards and performance share unit awards to employees and board members, using a fair-value based method. The cost of services received from employees and non-employee board members in exchange for awards of equity instruments is recognized in the consolidated statements of operations based on the estimated fair value of those awards on the grant date and is amortized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period. The fair value of restricted stock unit awards and performance share unit awards is based on the closing price of our common stock on the grant date. We account for forfeitures as they occur. See Note 11 for additional information regarding our 2018 LTIP.

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ADAMS RESOURCES & ENERGY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Note 3. Revenue Recognition

Revenue Disaggregation

The following table disaggregates our revenue by segment and by major source for the periods indicated (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2024		2023
Crude oil marketing:
Revenue from contracts with customers:
Goods transferred at a point in time	$	611,942	$	588,089
Services transferred over time	25		44
Total revenues from contracts with customers	611,967		588,133
Other (1)	11,857		20,343
Total crude oil marketing revenue	$	623,824	$	608,476
Transportation:
Revenue from contracts with customers:
Goods transferred at a point in time	$	—	$	—
Services transferred over time	23,231		26,445
Total revenues from contracts with customers	23,231		26,445
Other	—		—
Total transportation revenue	$	23,231	$	26,445
Pipeline and storage: (2)
Revenue from contracts with customers:
Goods transferred at a point in time	$	—	$	—
Services transferred over time	4		—
Total revenues from contracts with customers	4		—
Other	—		—
Total pipeline and storage revenue	$	4	$	—
Logistics and repurposing:
Revenue from contracts with customers:
Goods transferred at a point in time	$	6,557	$	8,154
Services transferred over time	7,434		7,087
Total revenues from contracts with customers	13,991		15,241
Other	—		—
Total logistics and repurposing revenue	$	13,991	$	15,241
Subtotal:
Total revenues from contracts with customers	$	649,193	$	629,819
Total other (1)	11,857		20,343
Total consolidated revenues	$	661,050	$	650,162

________________________

(1)Other crude oil marketing revenues are recognized under Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 815, Derivatives and Hedging, and ASC 845, Nonmonetary Transactions – Purchases and Sales of Inventory with the Same Counterparty.

(2)All pipeline and storage revenue earned during the three months ended March 31, 2023, and substantially all pipeline and storage revenue earned during the three months ended March 31, 2024, was from an affiliated shipper, GulfMark Energy, Inc. (“GulfMark”), our subsidiary, and eliminated in consolidation.

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ADAMS RESOURCES & ENERGY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Other Crude Oil Marketing Revenue

Certain of the commodity purchase and sale contracts utilized by our crude oil marketing business qualify as derivative instruments with certain specifically identified contracts also designated as trading activity. From the time of contract origination, these contracts are marked-to-market and recorded on a net revenue basis in the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

Certain of our crude oil contracts may be with a single counterparty to provide for similar quantities of crude oil to be bought and sold at different locations. These contracts are entered into for a variety of reasons, including effecting the transportation of the commodity, to minimize credit exposure, and/or to meet the competitive demands of the customer. These buy/sell arrangements are reflected on a net revenue basis in the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

Reporting these crude oil contracts on a gross revenue basis would increase our reported revenues as follows for the periods indicated (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2024		2023
Revenue gross-up	$	60,170	$	286,702

Note 4. Prepayments and Other Current Assets

The components of prepayments and other current assets were as follows at the dates indicated (in thousands):

	March 31,		December 31,
	2024		2023
Insurance premiums	$	711	$	798
Rents, licenses and other	1,827		2,305
Total prepayments and other current assets	$	2,538	$	3,103

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ADAMS RESOURCES & ENERGY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Note 5. Property and Equipment

The historical costs of our property and equipment and related accumulated depreciation and amortization balances were as follows at the dates indicated (in thousands):

	Estimated
	Useful Life	March 31,		December 31,
	in Years	2024		2023
Tractors and trailers	5 – 6	$	119,818	$	119,265
Field equipment	2 – 5	24,952		25,024
Finance lease ROU assets (1)	3 – 6	35,881		35,724
Pipeline and related facilities	20 – 25	20,511		20,397
Linefill and base gas (2)	N/A	3,922		3,922
Buildings	5 – 39	17,066		17,089
Office equipment	2 – 5	3,000		3,000
Land	N/A	4,163		4,163
Construction in progress	N/A	4,656		3,385
Total		233,969		231,969
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization		(129,310)		(126,904)
Property and equipment, net		$	104,659	$	105,065

_______________

(1)Our finance lease right-of-use (“ROU)” assets arise from leasing arrangements for the right to use various classes of underlying assets including tractors, trailers and a tank storage and throughput arrangement (see Note 13 for further information). Accumulated amortization of the assets presented as “Finance lease ROU assets” was $12.8 million and $11.0 million at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.

(2)Linefill and base gas represents crude oil in the VEX pipeline and storage tanks we own, and the crude oil is recorded at historical cost.

Components of depreciation and amortization expense were as follows for the periods indicated (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2024		2023
Depreciation and amortization, excluding amounts under finance leases	$	4,059	$	4,824
Amortization of property and equipment under finance leases	1,874		1,775
Amortization of intangible assets	422		451
Total depreciation and amortization	$	6,355	$	7,050

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ADAMS RESOURCES & ENERGY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Note 6. Other Assets

Components of other assets were as follows at the dates indicated (in thousands):

	March 31,		December 31,
	2024		2023
Insurance collateral deposits	$	605	$	605
State collateral deposits	23		23
Materials and supplies	948		1,050
Debt issuance costs	1,175		1,259
Other	373		371
Total other assets	$	3,124	$	3,308

We have established certain deposits to support participation in our liability insurance program and remittance of state crude oil severance taxes and other state collateral deposits. Insurance collateral deposits are held by the insurance company to cover past or potential open claims based upon a percentage of the expected losses under the insurance programs. Insurance collateral deposits are invested at the discretion of our insurance carrier.

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ADAMS RESOURCES & ENERGY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Note 7. Segment Reporting

We operate and report in four business segments: (i) crude oil marketing, transportation and storage; (ii) tank truck transportation of liquid chemicals, pressurized gases, asphalt and dry bulk; (iii) pipeline transportation, terminalling and storage of crude oil; and (iv) interstate bulk transportation logistics of crude oil, condensate, fuels, oils and other petroleum products and recycling and repurposing of off-specification fuels, lubricants, crude oil and other chemicals.

Financial information by reporting segment was as follows for the periods indicated (in thousands):

	Reporting Segments
	Crude oil marketing		Trans-portation		Pipeline and storage		Logistics and repurposing		Other		Total
Three Months Ended March 31, 2024
Segment revenues (1)	$	623,826	$	23,291	$	926	$	15,094	$	—	$	663,137
Less: Intersegment revenues (1)	(2)		(60)		(922)		(1,103)		—		(2,087)
Revenues	$	623,824	$	23,231	$	4	$	13,991	$	—	$	661,050
Segment operating earnings (losses) (2)	6,654		213		(963)		(1,484)		—		4,420
Depreciation and amortization	1,579		2,868		270		1,638		—		6,355
Property and equipment additions (3)	2,944		2,923		85		200		—		6,152
Three Months Ended March 31, 2023
Segment revenues (1)	$	608,476	$	26,530	$	809	$	16,747	$	—	$	652,562
Less: Intersegment revenues (1)	—		(85)		(809)		(1,506)		—		(2,400)
Revenues	$	608,476	$	26,445	$	—	$	15,241	$	—	$	650,162
Segment operating earnings (losses) (2)	1,907		901		(1,201)		535		—		2,142
Depreciation and amortization	2,075		3,131		263		1,581		—		7,050
Property and equipment additions (3)(4)	275		167		971		460		27		1,900

_______________

(1)Segment revenues include intersegment amounts that are eliminated due to consolidation in operating costs and expenses in our unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations. Intersegment activities are conducted at posted tariff rates where applicable, or otherwise at rates similar to those charged to third parties or rates that we believe approximate market at the time the agreement is executed.

(2)Our crude oil marketing segment’s operating earnings included inventory liquidation gains of $1.8 million and inventory valuation losses $1.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

(3)Our segment property and equipment additions do not include assets acquired under finance leases during the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023. See Note 13 for further information.

(4)Amounts included in property and equipment additions for Other are additions for computer equipment at our corporate headquarters, which were not attributed or allocated to any of our reporting segments.

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NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Segment operating earnings reflect revenues net of operating costs and depreciation and amortization expense and are reconciled to earnings (losses) before income taxes, as follows for the periods indicated (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2024		2023
Segment operating earnings	$	4,420	$	2,142
General and administrative	(4,781)		(4,772)
Operating losses	(361)		(2,630)
Interest and other income	561		204
Interest expense	(793)		(696)
Losses before income taxes	$	(593)	$	(3,122)

Identifiable assets by business segment were as follows at the dates indicated (in thousands):

	March 31,		December 31,
	2024		2023
Reporting segment:
Crude oil marketing	$	211,951	$	185,285
Transportation	57,890		57,653
Pipeline and storage	25,262		25,027
Logistics and repurposing	42,981		43,258
Cash and other (1)	52,747		50,111
Total assets	$	390,831	$	361,334

_______________

(1)Other identifiable assets are primarily corporate cash, corporate accounts receivable, properties and operating lease right-of-use assets not identified with any specific segment of our business.

Accounting policies for transactions between reportable segments are consistent with applicable accounting policies as disclosed herein.

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NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Note 8. Transactions with Affiliates

We enter into certain transactions in the normal course of business with affiliated entities. Activities with affiliates were as follows for the periods indicated (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2024		2023
Billings to KSA and affiliates	$	—	$	5
Rentals paid to an affiliate of KSA	—		137
Payments to an affiliate of KSA for purchase of vehicles (1)	—		157
Rentals paid to affiliates of Scott Bosard (2)	144		140
Crude oil purchases from affiliate (3)	3,451		1,394

_______________

(1)Amounts paid to West Point Buick GMC were for the purchase of three pickup trucks during the three months ended March 31, 2023, and are net of trade-in values.

(2)In connection with the acquisition of Firebird and Phoenix on August 12, 2022, we entered into four operating lease agreements for office and terminal locations with entities owned by Scott Bosard, one of the sellers, for periods ranging from two to five years.

(3)From time to time, GulfMark purchases crude oil from Endeavor Natural Gas, L.P., of which a member of our Board of Directors is the Managing Partner.

Affiliate transactions included direct cost reimbursement for shared phone and administrative services from KSA Industries, Inc. (“KSA”), an affiliated entity. We leased our corporate office space in a building operated by 17 South Briar Hollow Lane, LLC, an affiliate of KSA. In addition, we purchase pickup trucks from West Point Buick GMC, an affiliate of KSA. KSA was our largest shareholder until October 31, 2022, when we repurchased the common stock owned by it. An affiliate of KSA served on our Board of Directors through the date of our 2023 annual meeting, when he retired. As of May 31, 2023, KSA and its affiliates are no longer related parties. The table above consequently does not reflect any payments to or from KSA and its affiliates after that date.

Note 9. Other Current Liabilities

The components of other current liabilities were as follows at the dates indicated (in thousands):

	March 31,		December 31,
	2024		2023
Accrual for payroll, benefits and bonuses	$	4,790	$	5,684
Accrued automobile and workers’ compensation claims	6,351		5,804
Accrued medical claims	1,303		997
Accrued taxes	1,740		2,453
Other	1,308		1,212
Total other current liabilities	$	15,492	$	16,150

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NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Note 10. Long-Term Debt

On October 27, 2022, we entered into a credit agreement (the “Credit Agreement”) with Cadence Bank, as administrative agent, swingline lender and issuing lender, and the other lenders party thereto (collectively, the “Lenders”). The Credit Agreement provides for (a) a revolving credit facility that allows for borrowings up to $60.0 million in aggregate principal amount from time to time (the “Revolving Credit Facility”) and (b) a Term Loan in aggregate principal amount of $25.0 million (the “Term Loan”). The Revolving Credit Facility matures on October 27, 2027 unless earlier terminated.

Pursuant to the terms of the Credit Agreement, we are required to maintain compliance with the following financial covenants as of the end of each fiscal quarter and on a pro forma basis, after giving effect to any borrowings (in each case commencing with the fiscal quarter ending December 31, 2022): (i) the Consolidated Total Leverage Ratio shall not be greater than 2.50 to 1.00; (ii) the Asset Coverage Ratio shall not be less than 2.00 to 1.00; and (iii) the Consolidated Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio shall not be less than 1.25 to 1.00. Each of such ratios is calculated as outlined in the Credit Agreement and subject to certain exclusions and qualifications described therein.

On August 2, 2023, we entered into Amendment No. 1 (the “Amendment”) to the Credit Agreement. The Amendment (i) clarifies our ability to exclude crude oil inventory valuation losses (and, to the extent included in our consolidated net income, inventory liquidation gains) from the calculation of Consolidated EBITDA for purposes of the related financial covenants, (ii) provides for the exclusion of unusual and non-recurring losses and expenses from the calculation of Consolidated EBITDA, not to exceed 10.0 percent of Consolidated EBITDA for the period, and (iii) amends the definition of Consolidated Funded Indebtedness to include letters of credit and banker’s acceptances only to the extent such letters of credit or banker’s acceptances have been drawn, for purposes of the Consolidated Total Leverage Ratio calculation in the Credit Agreement. The Amendment applies to our fiscal period ending June 30, 2023 and thereafter.

At March 31, 2024, we had $19.3 million outstanding under the Term Loan at a weighted average interest rate of 7.67 percent, and $13.0 million of letters of credit outstanding at a fee of 2.50 percent. No amounts were outstanding under the Revolving Credit Facility.

The following table presents the scheduled maturities of principal amounts of our debt obligations at March 31, 2024 for the next five years, and in total thereafter (in thousands):

Remainder of 2024	$	1,875
2025	2,500
2026	2,500
2027	12,375
Total debt maturities	$	19,250

At March 31, 2024, we were in compliance with all covenants under the Credit Agreement.

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NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Note 11. Stock-Based Compensation Plan

We have in place a long-term incentive plan in which any employee or non-employee director who provides services to us is eligible to participate. The 2018 LTIP, which is overseen by the Compensation Committee of our Board of Directors, provides for the grant of various types of equity awards, of which restricted stock unit awards and performance-based compensation awards have been granted. In May 2022, our shareholders approved an amendment and restatement of the 2018 LTIP, in which the maximum number of shares authorized for issuance under the 2018 LTIP was increased by 150,000 shares to a total of 300,000 shares, and the term of the 2018 LTIP was extended through February 23, 2032. After giving effect to awards granted and forfeitures made under the 2018 LTIP and assuming the potential achievement of the maximum amounts of the performance factors through March 31, 2024, a total of 39,115 shares remained available for issuance.

Compensation expense recognized in connection with equity-based awards was as follows for the periods indicated (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2024		2023
Compensation expense	$	307	$	283

At March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, we had $0.1 million and $0.1 million, respectively, of accrued dividend amounts for awards granted under the 2018 LTIP or as inducement awards.

Restricted Stock Unit Awards

The following table presents restricted stock unit award activity for the periods indicated:

		Weighted-
		Average Grant
	Number of	Date Fair Value
	Shares	per Share (1)
Restricted stock unit awards at January 1, 2024	58,587	$	41.16
Granted (2)	53,266	$	29.96
Vested	(19,334)	$	41.98
Forfeited	(1,459)	$	39.11
Restricted stock unit awards at March 31, 2024	91,060	$	34.47

_______________

(1)Determined by dividing the aggregate grant date fair value of awards by the number of awards issued.

(2)The aggregate grant date fair value of restricted stock unit awards issued during the first three months of 2024 was $1.6 million based on grant date market prices of our common shares ranging from $24.51 to $30.03 per share.

Unrecognized compensation cost associated with restricted stock unit awards was approximately $1.9 million at March 31, 2024. Due to the graded vesting provisions of these awards, we expect to recognize the remaining compensation cost for these awards over a weighted-average period of 1.8 years.

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NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Performance Share Unit Awards

The following table presents performance share unit award activity for the periods indicated:

		Weighted-
		Average Grant
	Number of	Date Fair Value
	Shares	per Share (1)
Performance share unit awards at January 1, 2024	17,424	$	31.03
Granted (2)	29,546	$	30.01
Vested	(6,318)	$	29.70
Forfeited	(125)	$	30.99
Performance share unit awards at March 31, 2024	40,527	$	30.49

_______________

(1)Determined by dividing the aggregate grant date fair value of awards by the number of awards issued.

(2)The aggregate grant date fair value of performance share unit awards issued during the first three months of 2024 was $0.9 million based on grant date market prices of our common shares ranging from $24.58 to $30.03 per share and assuming a performance factor of 100 percent.

Unrecognized compensation cost associated with performance share unit awards was approximately $1.0 million at March 31, 2024. We expect to recognize the remaining compensation cost for these awards over a weighted-average period of 2.7 years.

Note 12. Supplemental Cash Flow Information

Supplemental cash flows and non-cash transactions were as follows for the periods indicated (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2024		2023
Cash paid for interest	$	765	$	636
Cash paid for federal and state income taxes	800		2
Non-cash transactions:
Change in accounts payable related to property and equipment additions	—		52
Property and equipment acquired under finance leases	—		9,007

See Note 13 for information related to other non-cash transactions related to leases.

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NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Note 13. Leases

The following table provides the components of lease expense for the periods indicated (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2024		2023
Finance lease cost:
Amortization of ROU assets	$	1,874	$	1,774
Interest on lease liabilities	343		238
Operating lease cost	856		878
Short-term lease cost	3,475		3,698
Variable lease cost	21		5
Total lease expense	$	6,569	$	6,593

The following table provides supplemental cash flow and other information related to leases for the periods indicated (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2024		2023
Cash paid for amounts included in measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows from operating leases (1)	$	800	$	777
Operating cash flows from finance leases (1)	343		224
Financing cash flows from finance leases	1,553		1,576
ROU assets obtained in exchange for new lease liabilities:
Finance leases	—		9,007
Operating leases	296		401

______________

(1)Amounts are included in Other operating activities on the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of cash flows.

The following table provides the lease terms and discount rates for the periods indicated:

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2024	2023
Weighted-average remaining lease term (years):
Finance leases	3.36	3.89
Operating leases	2.80	3.32
Weighted-average discount rate:
Finance leases	5.6%	4.6%
Operating leases	4.5%	4.1%

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ADAMS RESOURCES & ENERGY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

The following table provides supplemental balance sheet information related to leases at the dates indicated (in thousands):

	March 31,		December 31,
	2024		2023
Assets
Finance lease ROU assets (1)	$	23,039	$	24,681
Operating lease ROU assets	5,385		5,832
Liabilities
Current
Finance lease liabilities	6,251		6,206
Operating lease liabilities	2,508		2,829
Noncurrent
Finance lease liabilities	18,087		19,685
Operating lease liabilities	2,883		3,006

______________

(1)Amounts are included in Property and equipment, net on the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets.

The following table provides maturities of undiscounted lease liabilities at March 31, 2024 (in thousands):

	Finance		Operating
	Lease		Lease
Remainder of 2024	$	5,568	$	2,311
2025	7,284		1,395
2026	5,615		1,136
2027	6,047		615
2028	2,785		219
Thereafter	—		19
Total lease payments	27,299		5,695
Less: Interest	(2,961)		(304)
Present value of lease liabilities	24,338		5,391
Less: Current portion of lease obligation	(6,251)		(2,508)
Total long-term lease obligation	$	18,087	$	2,883

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NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

The following table provides maturities of undiscounted lease liabilities at December 31, 2023 (in thousands):

	Finance		Operating
	Lease		Lease
2024	$	7,463	$	3,009
2025	7,284		1,273
2026	5,615		1,047
2027	6,047		602
2028	2,789		219
Thereafter	—		18
Total lease payments	29,198		6,168
Less: Interest	(3,307)		(333)
Present value of lease liabilities	25,891		5,835
Less: Current portion of lease obligation	(6,206)		(2,829)
Total long-term lease obligation	$	19,685	$	3,006

Note 14. Commitments and Contingencies

Insurance

We have accrued liabilities for estimated workers’ compensation and other casualty claims incurred based upon claim reserves plus an estimate for loss development and incurred but not reported claims. We self-insure a significant portion of expected losses relating to workers’ compensation, general liability and automobile liability, with a self-insurance retention of $1.0 million. On October 1, 2023, the self-insurance retention was increased to $1.5 million for the auto policy. Insurance is purchased over our retention to reduce our exposure to catastrophic events. Estimates are recorded for potential and incurred outstanding liabilities for workers’ compensation, auto and general liability claims and claims that are incurred but not reported. Estimates are based on adjusters’ estimates, historical experience and statistical methods commonly used within the insurance industry that we believe are reliable. We have also engaged a third-party actuary to perform a review of our accrued liability for these claims as well as potential funded losses in our captive insurance company. Insurance estimates include certain assumptions and management judgments regarding the frequency and severity of claims, claim development and settlement practices and the selection of estimated loss among estimates derived using different methods. Unanticipated changes in these factors may produce materially different amounts of expense that would be reported under these programs.

Since October 2020, we have elected to utilize a wholly owned insurance captive to insure the self-insured retention for our workers’ compensation, general liability and automobile liability insurance programs. All accrued liabilities associated with periods from October 2017 through current were transferred to the captive.

We maintain excess property and casualty programs with third-party insurers in an effort to limit the financial impact of significant events covered under these programs. Our operating subsidiaries pay premiums to both the excess and reinsurance carriers and our captive for the estimated losses based on an external actuarial analysis. These premiums held by our wholly owned captive are currently held in a restricted account, resulting in a transfer of risk from our operating subsidiaries to the captive.

We also maintain a self-insurance program for managing employee medical claims in excess of employee deductibles. As claims are paid, the liability is relieved. We also maintain third party insurance stop-loss coverage for individual medical claims exceeding a certain minimum threshold. In addition, we maintain $1.3 million of umbrella insurance coverage for annual aggregate medical claims exceeding approximately $11.3 million.

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NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Our accruals for automobile, workers’ compensation and medical claims were as follows at the dates indicated (in thousands):

	March 31,		December 31,
	2024		2023
Accrued automobile and workers’ compensation claims	$	6,351	$	5,804
Accrued medical claims	1,303		997

Litigation

From time to time as incidental to our operations, we may become involved in various lawsuits and/or disputes. As an operator of an extensive trucking fleet, we are a party to motor vehicle accidents, worker compensation claims and other items of general liability as would be typical for the industry. We are presently unaware of any claims against us that are either outside the scope of insurance coverage or that may exceed the level of insurance coverage and could potentially represent a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

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Item 2.    Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following information should be read in conjunction with our Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and accompanying Notes included in this quarterly report on Form 10-Q and the Audited Consolidated Financial Statements and related Notes, together with our discussion and analysis of financial position and results of operations, included in our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023 (the “2023 Form 10-K”), as filed on March 13, 2024 with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”).  Our financial statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (“GAAP”).

Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Information

This quarterly report on Form 10-Q contains various forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”) and information that are based on our beliefs, as well as assumptions made by us and information currently available to us. When used in this document, words such as “anticipate,” “project,” “expect,” “plan,” “seek,” “goal,” “estimate,” “forecast,” “intend,” “could,” “should,” “would,” “will,” “believe,” “may,” “potential” and similar expressions and statements regarding our plans and objectives for future operations are intended to identify forward-looking statements. Although we believe that our expectations reflected in such forward-looking statements are reasonable, we cannot give any assurances that such expectations will prove to be correct.  Forward-looking statements are subject to a variety of risks, uncertainties and assumptions as described in more detail under Part I, Item 1A of our 2023 Form 10-K.  If one or more of these risks or uncertainties materialize, or if underlying assumptions prove incorrect, our actual results may vary materially from those anticipated, estimated, projected or expected.  You should not put undue reliance on any forward-looking statements.  The forward-looking statements in this quarterly report speak only as of the date hereof.  Except as required by federal and state securities laws, we undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or any other reason.

Overview of Business

Adams Resources & Energy, Inc., a Delaware corporation organized in 1973, and its subsidiaries are primarily engaged in crude oil marketing, truck and pipeline transportation of crude oil, and terminalling and storage in various crude oil and natural gas basins in the lower 48 states of the United States (“U.S.”). In addition, we conduct tank truck transportation of liquid chemicals, pressurized gases, asphalt and dry bulk primarily in the lower 48 states of the U.S. with deliveries into Canada and Mexico, and with sixteen terminals across the U.S. We also recycle and repurpose off-specification fuels, lubricants, crude oil and other chemicals from producers in the U.S. Unless the context requires otherwise, references to “we,” “us,” “our” or the “Company” are intended to mean the business and operations of Adams Resources & Energy, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries.  

We operate and report in four business segments: (i) crude oil marketing, transportation and storage; (ii) tank truck transportation of liquid chemicals, pressurized gases, asphalt and dry bulk; (iii) pipeline transportation, terminalling and storage of crude oil; and (iv) interstate bulk transportation logistics of crude oil, condensate, fuels, oils and other petroleum products and recycling and repurposing of off-spec fuels, lubricants, crude oil and other chemicals. See Note 7 in the Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for further information regarding our business segments.

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Results of Operations

Crude Oil Marketing

Our crude oil marketing segment revenues, operating earnings and selected costs were as follows for the periods indicated (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2024		2023		Change (1)
Revenues	$	623,824	$	608,476	3	%
Operating earnings (2)	6,654		1,907		249	%
Depreciation and amortization	1,579		2,075		(24	%)
Driver compensation	3,495		5,008		(30	%)
Insurance	1,296		1,786		(27	%)
Fuel	1,953		2,859		(32	%)

_______________

(1)Represents the percentage increase (decrease) from the prior year period.

(2)Operating earnings included inventory liquidation gains of $1.8 million and inventory valuation losses of $1.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, as discussed further below.

Volume and price information were as follows for the periods indicated:

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2024		2023
Field level purchase volumes – per day (1)
Crude oil – barrels	64,634		94,030
Average purchase price
Crude oil – per barrel	$	75.35	$	73.27

_______________

(1)Reflects the volume purchased from third parties at the field level of operations.

Crude oil marketing revenues increased by $15.3 million during the three months ended March 31, 2024 as compared to the three months ended March 31, 2023, primarily as a result of an increase in the market price of crude oil, which increased revenues by approximately $289.1 million, partially offset by lower overall crude oil volumes, which decreased revenues by approximately $273.7 million. The average crude oil price received was $73.27 per barrel during the three months ended March 31, 2023, which increased to $75.35 per barrel during the three months ended March 31, 2024. Revenues from our volumes are mostly based upon the market price in our market areas, primarily in the Gulf Coast. The increase in the market price of crude oil during the 2024 period as compared to the 2023 period was primarily due to continued uncertainty in the Chinese economy and concern over economic recession, which caused crude oil prices to fluctuate. During late 2023, OPEC oil production cuts and U.S. inventory draws from the Mid-Continent and Gulf Coast resulted in an increase in crude oil prices that continued into the beginning of 2024.

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Crude oil volumes also decreased due to the expiration on October 31, 2023 and non-renewal of our five year purchase contract in North Texas and South Central Oklahoma (the “Red River area”). In October 2018, we acquired a trucking company operating in the Red River area, and subsequently entered into a new revenue agreement at that time. During the five year period, volumes handled in the Red River area ranged from an average of 25,000 to 28,000 barrels per day. The purchase price for Red River area volumes was based on a contractual price for volumes in North Texas and Oklahoma, which had been slightly lower than the purchase price for legacy volumes. The expiration of this contract has resulted in a decrease in the average crude oil volumes for the crude oil marketing segment beginning in November 2023, which has also resulted in lower revenues.

Driver compensation decreased by $1.5 million during the three months ended March 31, 2024 as compared to the same period in 2023, primarily due to lower volumes transported in the 2024 period and a decrease in the overall driver count, both of which were due to the expiration of the Red River contract.

Insurance costs decreased by $0.5 million during the three months ended March 31, 2024 as compared to the same period in 2023, primarily due to a decrease in the overall driver count in the 2024 period. Fuel costs also decreased by $0.9 million during the three months ended March 31, 2024 as compared to the same period in 2023, primarily due to a lower overall driver count and lower crude oil volumes in the 2024 period.

Depreciation and amortization decreased by $0.5 million during the three months ended March 31, 2024 as compared to the same period in 2023, primarily due to the timing of purchases and retirements of tractors and other field equipment during 2023 and 2024. In connection with the expiration of the Red River contract, we sold 36 tractors and 65 trailers during the fourth quarter of 2023, and also transferred tractors and trailers to other areas of our businesses.

Our crude oil marketing operating earnings increased by $4.7 million during the three months ended March 31, 2024 as compared to the same period in 2023, primarily as a result of inventory valuation changes (as shown in the table below), an increase in the average market price of crude oil in the 2024 period and lower driver compensation, insurance costs and fuel costs resulting from the expiration of the Red River contract, partially offset by lower crude oil volumes in the 2024 period.

Field Level Operating Earnings (Non-GAAP Financial Measure). Inventory valuations and forward month derivative instrument valuations (mark-to-market) are two significant factors affecting comparative crude oil marketing segment operating earnings or losses. As a purchaser and shipper of crude oil, we hold inventory in storage tanks and third-party pipelines. Generally, during periods of increasing crude oil prices, we recognize inventory liquidation gains while during periods of falling prices, we recognize inventory liquidation and valuation losses.

Crude oil marketing operating earnings can be affected by the valuations of our forward month derivative instruments. These non-cash valuations are calculated and recorded at each period end based on the underlying data existing as of such date. We generally enter into these derivative contracts to as part of a strategy to protect crude oil inventory value from market price fluctuations. The valuation of derivative instruments at period end requires the recognition of non-cash “mark-to-market” gains and losses. We had no forward month derivative instruments outstanding during the three months ended March 31, 2024.

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The impact of inventory liquidations and valuations and derivative valuations on our crude oil marketing segment operating earnings is summarized in the following reconciliation of our non-GAAP financial measure and provides management a measure of the business unit’s performance by removing the impact of inventory valuation and liquidation adjustments for the periods indicated (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2024		2023
As reported segment operating earnings	$	6,654	$	1,907
Add (subtract):
Inventory liquidation gains	(1,753)		—
Inventory valuation losses	—		1,017
Derivative valuation gains	—		(486)
Field level operating earnings (1)	$	4,901	$	2,438

_______________

(1)The use of field level operating earnings is unique to us, not a substitute for a GAAP measure and may not be comparable to any similar measures developed by industry participants. We utilize this data to evaluate the profitability of our operations.

Field level operating earnings and field level purchase volumes depict our day-to-day operation of acquiring crude oil at the wellhead, transporting the product and delivering the product to market sales point. Field level operating earnings increased during the three months ended March 31, 2024 as compared to the same period in 2023 primarily due to higher revenues resulting from higher crude oil prices in the 2024 period and lower operating costs related to the expiration of the Red River contract, partially offset by lower crude oil volumes in the 2024 period.

We held crude oil inventory at a weighted average composite price as follows at the dates indicated (in barrels):

	March 31, 2024			December 31, 2023
		Average			Average
	Barrels	Price		Barrels	Price
Crude oil inventory	329,287	$	81.96	267,731	$	72.35

Prices received for crude oil have been volatile and unpredictable with price volatility expected to continue. See “Part I, Item 1A. Risk Factors” in our 2023 Form 10-K.

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Transportation

Our transportation segment revenues, operating earnings, selected costs and operating data were as follows for the periods indicated (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2024		2023		Change (1)
Revenues	$	23,231	$	26,445	(12	%)
Operating earnings	$	213	$	901	(76	%)
Depreciation and amortization	$	2,868	$	3,131	(8	%)
Driver commissions and wages	$	3,366	$	3,727	(10	%)
Insurance	$	2,157	$	2,180	(1	%)
Fuel	$	2,840	$	2,678	6	%
Maintenance expense	$	1,408	$	1,387	2	%
Mileage (000s)	6,287		6,552		(4	%)

_______________

(1)Represents the percentage increase (decrease) from the prior year period.

Our revenue rate structure includes a component for fuel costs in which fuel cost fluctuations are largely passed through to the customer. Revenues, net of fuel costs, were as follows for the periods indicated (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2024		2023
Total transportation revenue	$	23,231	$	26,445
Diesel fuel cost	(2,840)		(2,678)
Revenues, net of fuel costs (1)	$	20,391	$	23,767

_______________

(1) Revenues, net of fuel costs, is a non-GAAP financial measure and is utilized for internal analysis of the results of our transportation segment.

Transportation revenues decreased by $3.2 million during the three months ended March 31, 2024 as compared to the three months ended March 31, 2023. Transportation revenues, net of fuel costs, decreased by $3.4 million during the three months ended March 31, 2024, as compared to the prior year period. These decreases in transportation revenues were primarily due to a decrease in volumes and decreased transportation rates during the 2024 period as a result of a softening in the transportation market due to changes in demand, supply chain issues and inflation. Softening of customer demand led us to close two terminals in late 2023, in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania and in Atlanta, Georgia, and a third terminal in St. Rose, Louisiana, during the first quarter of 2024, with drivers being reassigned to nearby terminals, bringing our total to sixteen terminals in ten states at the end of March 2024.

Driver commissions decreased by $0.4 million during the three months ended March 31, 2024 as compared to the three months ended March 31, 2023, primarily due to a decrease in the overall driver count and lower mileage during the 2024 period, partially offset by an increase in driver pay in July 2023.

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Fuel costs increased by $0.2 million during the three months ended March 31, 2024 as compared to the same period in 2023, primarily as a result of an increase in the price of fuel, partially offset by a lower overall driver count and lower miles traveled during the 2024 period. Insurance costs in the three months ended March 31, 2024 were consistent with the same period in 2023, primarily due to a lower overall driver count, offset by slightly higher insurance premiums during the 2024 period. Maintenance expense in the three months ended March 31, 2024 was consistent with the same period in 2023, primarily due to lower repairs and maintenance on tractors and trailers in our fleet, offset by escalating prices in parts, repairs and maintenance between periods.

Depreciation and amortization expense decreased by $0.3 million during the three months ended March 31, 2024 as compared to the same period in 2023, primarily as a result of the timing of purchases of new tractors and trailers in 2023 and 2024.

Our transportation operating earnings decreased by $0.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 as compared to the same period in 2023, primarily due to lower revenues as a result of lower volumes, decreased transportation rates and higher fuel costs, partially offset by certain lower operating costs and lower depreciation and amortization expense.

Pipeline and Storage

Our pipeline and storage segment revenues, operating losses and selected costs were as follows for the periods indicated (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2024		2023		Change (1)
Segment revenues (2)	$	926	$	809	14	%
Less: Intersegment revenues (2)	(922)		(809)		14	%
Revenues	$	4	$	—	—	%
Operating losses	(963)		(1,201)		(20	%)
Depreciation and amortization	270		263		3	%
Insurance	212		217		(2	%)

_______________

(1)Represents the percentage increase (decrease) from the prior year period.

(2)Segment revenues include intersegment revenues from our crude oil marketing segment, which are eliminated due to consolidation in our unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations.

Volume information was as follows for the periods indicated (in barrels per day):

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2024	2023
Pipeline throughput	11,256	10,088
Terminalling	11,544	10,395

Pipeline and storage revenues in the three months ended March 31, 2024 were consistent with the three months ended March 31, 2023 after eliminating intersegment revenue. During each of the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, almost all pipeline and storage segment revenues were earned from GulfMark, an affiliated shipper. Pipeline and storage revenues earned from GulfMark are eliminated in consolidation, with the offset to marketing costs and expenses in our unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations. Prior to elimination, pipeline and storage revenues from GulfMark increased by $0.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 as compared to the same period in 2023, primarily due to higher volumes transported by GulfMark during the current period.

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We are currently constructing a new pipeline connection between the VEX Pipeline System and the Max Midstream pipeline system, and we expect to place the assets into commercial service during the second half of 2024, when the other party completes construction on their section of the line. In addition, we are exploring new connections with other pipeline systems, for new crude oil supply opportunities both upstream and downstream of the pipeline, to enhance the crude oil supply and take-away capability of the system.

Our pipeline and storage operating losses during the three months ended March 31, 2024 decreased $0.2 million as compared to the three months ended March 31, 2023, primarily due to lower operating materials and supplies and outside service costs in the 2024 period.

Logistics and Repurposing

Our logistics and repurposing segment revenues, operating (losses) earnings and selected costs were as follows for the period indicated (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2024		2023		Change (1)
Revenues - Firebird	$	7,434	$	7,087	5%
Revenues - Phoenix	6,557		8,154		(20%)
Revenues	$	13,991	$	15,241	(8%)
Operating (losses) earnings	(1,484)		535		(377%)
Depreciation and amortization	1,638		1,581		4%
Driver commissions	2,489		2,045		22%
Insurance	700		568		23%
Fuel	989		994		(1%)
Maintenance expense	494		509		(3%)

_______________

(1)Represents the percentage increase (decrease) from the prior year period.

Our logistics and repurposing segment consists of Firebird Bulk Carriers, Inc. (“Firebird”), which transports crude oil, condensate, fuels, oils and other petroleum products, largely in the Eagle Ford basin, and Phoenix Oil, Inc. (“Phoenix”), which repurposes and finds beneficial uses for off-specification fuels, lubricants, crude oil and other chemicals from producers in the United States. Revenues earned from Firebird operations during the three months ended March 31, 2024 increased by approximately $0.3 million as compared to the three months ended March 31, 2023, primarily due to an increase in transportation rates and volumes transported in the current period. We have been working with our transportation customers to increase transportation rates. Revenues earned from Phoenix operations during the three months ended March 31, 2024 decreased by approximately $1.6 million as compared to the three months ended March 31, 2023, primarily due to lower volumes and activity.

Driver commissions increased by $0.4 million during the three months ended March 31, 2024, as compared to the three months ended March 31, 2023, primarily due to an increase in the overall driver count in the current period. Fuel costs in the three months ended March 31, 2024 were consistent with the same period in 2023, primarily due to a higher overall driver count offset by lower miles traveled. Insurance costs increased by $0.1 million during the three months ended March 31, 2024, primarily due to an increase in insurance premiums during the current period. Maintenance expense in the three months ended March 31, 2024 was consistent with the same period in 2023 primarily due to lower maintenance costs as a result of newer tractors in the fleet, offset by escalating prices in parts, repairs and maintenance between periods.

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Depreciation and amortization expense increased by $0.1 million during the three months ended March 31, 2024 as compared to the same period in 2023, primarily as a result of the timing of purchases of new tractors and trailers in 2023.

Our logistics and repurposing segment operating (losses) earnings decreased by $2.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 as compared to the same period in 2023, primarily due to lower revenues from Phoenix operations and an increase in certain operating costs during the current period.

General and Administrative Expense

General and administrative expense in the three months ended March 31, 2024 was consistent with the same period in 2023. The 2024 period includes higher outside service costs, audit fees and legal fees, offset by lower insurance costs, tax preparation fees, director fees due to the retirement of a director in May 2023 and banking fees primarily related to outstanding letters of credit.

Interest Expense

Interest expense increased by $0.1 million during the three months ended March 31, 2024 as compared to the same period in 2023, primarily due to higher interest expense as a result of higher amounts outstanding under finance lease obligations (see Note 13 in the Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for further information).

Income Taxes

Provision for (benefit from) income taxes is based upon federal and state tax rates, and variations in amounts are consistent with taxable income (loss) in the respective accounting periods.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Liquidity

Our primary sources of liquidity are (i) our cash balance, (ii) cash flow from operating activities, (iii) borrowings under our Credit Agreement and (iv) funds received from the sale of equity securities. Our primary cash requirements include, but are not limited to, (a) ordinary course of business uses, such as the payment of amounts related to the purchase of crude oil, and other expenses, (b) discretionary capital spending for investments in our business and (c) dividends to our shareholders. We believe we will have sufficient liquidity through our current cash balances, availability under our Credit Agreement, expected cash generated from future operations, and the ease of financing tractor and trailer additions through leasing arrangements (should the need arise) to meet our short-term and long-term liquidity needs for the reasonably foreseeable future. Our cash balance and cash flow from operating activities is dependent on the success of future operations. If our cash inflow subsides or turns negative, we will evaluate our investment plan accordingly and remain flexible.

We maintain cash balances in order to meet the timing of day-to-day cash needs. Cash and cash equivalents (excluding restricted cash) and working capital, the excess of current assets over current liabilities, were as follows at the dates indicated (in thousands):

	March 31,		December 31,
	2024		2023
Cash and cash equivalents	$	36,603	$	33,256
Working capital	17,255		21,684

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Our cash balance at March 31, 2024 increased by 10 percent from December 31, 2023, as discussed further below.

We have in place a Credit Agreement with Cadence Bank. The Credit Agreement provides for (a) a revolving credit facility that allows for borrowings up to $60.0 million in aggregate principal amount from time to time, and (b) a term loan in aggregate principal amount of $25.0 million (the “Term Loan”). We may also obtain letters of credit under the revolving credit facility up to a maximum amount of $30.0 million, which reduces availability under the revolving credit facility by a like amount. Borrowings under the revolving credit facility may be, at our option, base rate loans (defined by reference to the higher of the prime rate, the federal funds rate or an adjusted term secured overnight financing rate (“SOFR”) for a one month tenor plus one percent) or SOFR loans, in each case plus an applicable margin, the amount of which is determined by reference to our consolidated total leverage ratio, and is between 1 percent and 2 percent for base rate loans and between 2 percent and 3 percent for SOFR loans.

The Term Loan amortizes on a 10-year schedule with quarterly payments beginning December 31, 2022, and matures October 27, 2027. Proceeds of the Term Loan were used, together with additional cash on hand, to fund the repurchase of shares from KSA Industries, Inc. (“KSA”) and certain of its affiliates on October 31, 2022. The Term Loan bears interest at the SOFR loan rate plus the applicable margin for SOFR loans.

We are required to maintain compliance with certain financial covenants under the Credit Agreement, including a consolidated leverage ratio, an asset coverage ratio and a consolidated fixed charge coverage ratio. On August 2, 2023, we entered into Amendment No. 1 (the “Amendment”) to the Credit Agreement. The Amendment (i) clarifies our ability to exclude crude oil inventory valuation losses (and, to the extent included in our consolidated net income, inventory liquidation gains) from the calculation of Consolidated EBITDA for purposes of the related financial covenants, (ii) provides for the exclusion of unusual and non-recurring losses and expenses from the calculation of Consolidated EBITDA, not to exceed 10.0 percent of Consolidated EBITDA for the period, and (iii) amends the definition of Consolidated Funded Indebtedness to include letters of credit and banker’s acceptances only to the extent such letters of credit or banker’s acceptances have been drawn, for purposes of the Consolidated Total Leverage Ratio calculation in the Credit Agreement. The Amendment applies to our fiscal period ending June 30, 2023 and thereafter.

At March 31, 2024, we were in compliance with all covenants under the Credit Agreement.

At March 31, 2024, we had $19.3 million of borrowings outstanding under the Credit Agreement, representing the remaining principal balance of the Term Loan, at a weighted average interest rate of 7.67 percent. We also had $13.0 million of letters of credit issued under the Credit Agreement at a fee of 2.50 percent per annum. No amounts were outstanding under the revolving credit facility. See Note 10 in the Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for further information about our Credit Agreement.

We have in place an At Market Issuance Sales Agreement (“ATM Agreement”) with B. Riley Securities, Inc., as agent (the “Agent”), in which we may offer to sell shares of our common stock through or to the Agent for cash from time to time. We filed a registration statement initially registering an aggregate of $20.0 million of shares of common stock for sale under the ATM Agreement which was declared effective in January 2021. In December 2023, we filed a new registration statement which replaced our prior shelf registration statement and restored the aggregate of $20.0 million of shares of common stock for sale under the ATM Agreement. The registration statement was declared effective on January 5, 2024. The total number of shares of common stock to be sold, if any, and the price at which the shares will be sold will be determined by us periodically in connection with any such sales, though the total amount sold may not exceed the limitations stated in the registration statement. During the three months ended March 31, 2024, no shares were sold under the ATM Agreement, and the full capacity of the ATM Agreement remains unsold.

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We utilize cash from operations to make discretionary investments in our four business segments. With the exception of operating and finance lease commitments primarily associated with storage tank terminal arrangements, leased office space, tractors, trailers and other equipment, and borrowings outstanding under our bank credit facility, our future commitments and planned investments can be readily curtailed if operating cash flows decrease. See below for information regarding our operating and finance lease obligations. We have no off-balance sheet arrangements that have or are reasonably expected to have a material current or future effect on our financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

The most significant item affecting future increases or decreases in liquidity is earnings from operations, and these earnings are dependent on the success of future operations. See “Part I, Item 1A. Risk Factors” in our 2023 Form 10-K.

Cash Flows from Operating, Investing and Financing Activities

Our consolidated cash flows from operating, investing and financing activities were as follows for the periods indicated (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2024		2023
Cash provided by (used in):
Operating activities	$	13,063	$	23,707
Investing activities	(5,190)		(1,459)
Financing activities	(4,852)		(2,333)

Operating activities. Net cash flows provided by operating activities for the three months ended March 31, 2024 decreased by $10.6 million as compared to the same period in 2023. The decrease in net cash flows provided by operating activities was primarily due to changes in our working capital accounts. Early payments made to suppliers increased by approximately $1.8 million in the 2024 period, while early payments received from customers decreased by approximately $6.1 million in the 2024 period. Crude oil inventory increased by $7.5 million at March 31, 2024, primarily due to an increase in the price of our crude oil inventory, which increased from $72.35 per barrel at December 31, 2023 to $81.96 per barrel at March 31, 2024, and an increase of 23.0 percent in the number of barrels held in inventory.

At various times each month, we may make cash prepayments and/or early payments in advance of the normal due date to certain suppliers of crude oil within our crude oil marketing operations. Crude oil supply prepayments are recouped and advanced from month to month as the suppliers deliver product to us. In addition, in order to secure crude oil supply, we may also “early pay” our suppliers in advance of the normal payment due date of the twentieth of the month following the month of production. These “early payments” reduce cash and accounts payable as of the balance sheet date.

We also require certain customers to make similar early payments or to post cash collateral with us in order to support their purchases from us. Early payments and cash collateral received from customers increase cash and reduce accounts receivable as of the balance sheet date.

Early payments received from customers and prepayments to suppliers were as follows at the dates indicated (in thousands):

	March 31,		December 31,
	2024		2023
Early payments received	$	26,762	$	32,850
Prepayments to suppliers	6,297		4,546

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We rely heavily on our ability to obtain open-line trade credit from our suppliers especially with respect to our crude oil marketing operations. The timing of payments and receipts of these early pays received and paid can have a significant impact on our cash balance.

Investing activities. Net cash flows used in investing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2024 increased by $3.7 million as compared to the same period in 2023. This increase was due to an increase of $4.3 million in capital spending for property and equipment (see following table), partially offset by an increase of $0.5 million in cash proceeds from the sales of assets in the current period.

Capital spending by reporting segment was as follows for the periods indicated (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2024		2023
Crude oil marketing (1)	$	2,944	$	275
Transportation (2)	2,923		167
Pipeline and storage (3)	85		971
Logistics and repurposing (4)	200		460
Other (5)	—		27
Capital spending	$	6,152	$	1,900

_______________

(1)2024 amount relates to the purchase of eight tractors and various field equipment, and the 2023 amount relates to the purchase of various field equipment.

(2)2024 amount relates to the purchase of nine tractors, thirteen trailers and various field equipment, and the 2023 amount relates to the purchase of various field equipment.

(3)2024 amount relates to the purchase of various field equipment, and the 2023 amount relates to spending for the construction of a pipeline connection.

(4)2024 amount primarily relates to the spending for the construction on the Dayton project, and the 2023 amount relates to the purchase of two tractors and various field equipment.

(5)2023 amount relates to the purchase of computer equipment.

Financing activities. Net cash used in financing activities was $4.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 as compared to $2.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023. The change in net cash flows from financing activities of $2.5 million was primarily due to the following cash outflows and inflows:

•an increase in the 2024 period in net repayments under our Credit Agreement. During the three months ended March 31, 2024, we made principal payments of $2.6 million on the Term Loan, while during the three months ended March 31, 2023, we made principal payments of $0.6 million on the Term Loan. During the three months ended March 31, 2023, we borrowed and repaid $18.0 million under the revolving credit facility. Borrowings were primarily used for working capital purposes. We had no borrowings or repayments under the revolving credit facility in 2024;

•consistent principal repayments of $1.6 million in the 2024 and 2023 periods for finance lease obligations (see “Material Cash Requirements” below for information regarding our finance lease obligations);

•a decrease of $0.5 million in the 2024 period in net proceeds from the sale of common shares under the ATM program. During the three months ended March 31, 2024, no shares were sold under the ATM Program, while during the three months ended March 31, 2023, we received net proceeds of approximately $0.5 million from the sale of 14,680 of our common shares; and

•consistent payments in the 2024 and 2023 periods for cash dividends paid on our common shares. During each of the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, we paid cash dividends of $0.24 per common share, or totals of $0.7 million and $0.7 million, respectively.

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Material Cash Requirements

The following table summarizes our contractual obligations with material cash requirements at March 31, 2024 (in thousands):

			Payments due by period
Contractual Obligations	Total		Less than 1 year		1-3 years		3-5 years		More than 5 years
Credit Agreement (1)	$	23,964	$	3,889	$	7,202	$	12,873	$	—
Finance lease obligations (2)	27,299		7,424		12,147		7,728		—
Operating lease obligations (3)	5,695		2,675		2,384		636		—
Purchase obligations (4)	4,818		4,818		—		—		—
Total contractual obligations	$	61,776	$	18,806	$	21,733	$	21,237	$	—

_______________

(1)Represents scheduled future maturities for amounts due under the Term Loan under our Credit Agreement plus estimated cash payments for interest. Interest payments are based upon the principal amount of the amount outstanding and the applicable interest rate at March 31, 2024. See Note 10 in the Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for further information about our Credit Agreement.

(2)Amounts represent our principal contractual commitments, including interest, outstanding under finance leases for certain tractors, trailers, tank storage and throughput arrangements and other equipment.

(3)Amounts represent rental obligations under non-cancelable operating leases and terminal arrangements with terms in excess of one year.

(4)Amount represents commitments to purchase 25 new tractors in our transportation business, two new tractors in our crude oil marketing business and two new trailers in our logistics and repurposing segment.

We maintain certain lease arrangements with independent truck owner-operators for use of their equipment and driver services on a month-to-month basis. In addition, we enter into office space and certain lease and terminal access contracts in order to provide tank storage and dock access for our crude oil marketing business. These storage and access contracts require certain minimum monthly payments for the term of the contracts.

See Note 13 in the Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for further information regarding our finance and operating leases.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We have no off-balance sheet arrangements that have or are reasonably expected to have a material current or future effect on our financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements    

For information regarding recent accounting pronouncements, see Note 2 in the Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

Transactions with Affiliates

For more information regarding transactions with our affiliates during the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, see Note 8 in the Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

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Critical Accounting Policies and Use of Estimates

A discussion of our critical accounting policies and estimates is included in our 2023 Form 10-K. Certain of these accounting policies require the use of estimates. There have been no material changes to our accounting policies since the disclosures provided in our 2023 Form 10-K.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

There have been no other material changes to our “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk” that have occurred since the disclosures provided in our 2023 Form 10-K.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

As of the end of the period covered by this quarterly report, our management carried out an evaluation, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures pursuant to Rule 13a-15 and 15d-15(e) of the Exchange Act. Based on this evaluation, as of the end of the period covered by this quarterly report, our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer concluded:

(i)that our disclosure controls and procedures are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our principal executive and financial officers, as appropriate to allow for timely decisions regarding required disclosures; and

(ii)that our disclosure controls and procedures are effective.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act) during the fiscal quarter ended March 31, 2024, that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

From time to time as incidental to our operations, we may become involved in various lawsuits and/or disputes. As an operator of an extensive trucking fleet, we are a party to motor vehicle accidents, worker compensation claims and other items of general liability as would be typical for the industry. We are presently unaware of any claims against us that are either outside the scope of insurance coverage or that may exceed the level of insurance coverage and could potentially represent a material adverse effect on our financial position or results of operations.

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Item 1A. Risk Factors

In addition to the other information set forth in this Quarterly Report, you should carefully consider the risk factors and other cautionary statements described under the heading “Item 1A. Risk Factors” included in our 2023 Form 10-K and the risk factors and other cautionary statements contained in our other SEC filings, which could materially affect our businesses, financial condition or future results. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently deem to be immaterial also may materially adversely affect our business, financial condition or future results. There have been no material changes in our Risk Factors from those disclosed in Item 1A of our 2023 Form 10-K or our other SEC filings.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

None.

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities

None.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

Item 5. Other Information

None.

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Item 6. Exhibits

Exhibit
Number	Exhibit
3.1	Certificate of Incorporation of Adams Resources & Energy, Inc., as amended (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019).
3.2	Bylaws of Adams Resources & Energy, Inc., as amended (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to Current Report on Form 8-K filed on November 1, 2022).
10.1+*	Form of Employee Performance Share Unit Award Agreement for 2024 Awards under the Adams Resources & Energy, Inc. 2018 Long-Term Incentive Plan, as amended.
31.1*	Sarbanes-Oxley Section 302 certification of Executive Chairman pursuant to Exchange Act Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a), as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31.2*	Sarbanes-Oxley Section 302 certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Exchange Act Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a), as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.1*	Sarbanes-Oxley Section 906 certification of Executive Chairman pursuant to 18. U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.2*	Sarbanes-Oxley Section 906 certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18. U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
101.CAL*	Inline XBRL Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEF*	Inline XBRL Definition Linkbase Document
101.INS*	Inline XBRL Instance Document — the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.
101.LAB*	Inline XBRL Labels Linkbase Document
101.PRE*	Inline XBRL Presentation Linkbase Document
101.SCH*	Inline XBRL Schema Document
104*	Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)

____________

* Filed or furnished (in the case of Exhibits 32.1 and 32.2) with this report.

+ Management compensatory plan or arrangement.

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

			ADAMS RESOURCES & ENERGY, INC.
			(Registrant)
Date:	May 8, 2024	By:	/s/ Kevin J. Roycraft
			Kevin J. Roycraft
			Chief Executive Officer
			(Principal Executive Officer)
		By:	/s/ Tracy E. Ohmart
			Tracy E. Ohmart
			Chief Financial Officer
			(Principal Financial Officer and Principal
			Accounting Officer)

39

EX-10.1

Exhibit 10.1

2024 PERFORMANCE SHARE UNIT AWARD AGREEMENT

THIS PERFORMANCE SHARE UNIT AWARD AGREEMENT (this “Agreement”) is made as of the 1st day of March 2024 (the “Grant Date”), between ADAMS RESOURCES & ENERGY, INC., a Delaware corporation (“Company”), and all of its Affiliates (collectively, the “Company”), and ____________ (the “Employee”). A copy of the Adams Resources & Energy, Inc. 2018 Long-Term Incentive Plan, as amended (the “Plan”) is annexed to this Agreement and shall be deemed a part hereof as if fully set forth herein. Unless the context otherwise requires, all terms that are not defined in this Agreement but which are defined in the Plan shall have the same meaning given to them in the Plan when used herein.

1.Award. Pursuant to the Plan, as of the Grant Date, _____ Restricted Stock Units (the “Performance Share Units”) shall be granted to Employee as a matter of separate inducement and not in lieu of any salary or other compensation for Employee’s services, subject to the acceptance by the Employee of the terms and conditions of this Agreement.

2.Performance Share Units. The Employee hereby accepts the Performance Share Units when issued and agrees with respect thereto as follows:

(a)Payment and Determination of Value. Except as otherwise provided in Section 10 below, Company shall provide to the Employee one share of the Company’s common stock, $0.10 par value per share for each Performance Share Unit on its scheduled vesting date. If any dividends are paid with respect to a share of the Company’s common stock during the vesting period, an equivalent amount shall accrue and be held by the Company without interest until the Performance Share Units become vested, at which time such amount shall be paid to the Employee, or are forfeited, at which time such amount shall be forfeited.

(b)Vesting. An Employee’s Performance Share Units shall become vested based on (i) continued service with the Company until the third (3rd) anniversary of the Vesting Commencement Date, and (ii) the attainment of the Performance Criteria specified on Exhibit A to this Agreement. Any portion of the Performance Share Units that does not become vested in accordance with the preceding provisions of this Section 2(b) and Exhibit A shall be forfeited to the Company for no consideration as of the date of the termination of the Employee’s employment with the Company.

For purposes of this Agreement, the “Vesting Commencement Date” shall be March 1, 2024.

(c)Termination of Employment. If the Employee terminates his or her employment with the Company prior to the third (3rd) anniversary of the Vesting Commencement Date, then the Performance Share Units shall be forfeited to the Company for no consideration as of the date of the termination of the Employee’s employment with the Company, except that:

(i)    if the Employee is determined to be Disabled or in the event of the death of the Employee, all of the Employee’s Performance Share Units shall become vested upon the later of (A) the completion of the Performance Period (as specified on Exhibit A), or (B) the date the Employee terminates employment with the Company, based upon the actual level of performance. In such case, Employee (or Employee’s legal representative, or the person, if any, who acquired the Performance Share Units by bequest or inheritance or by reason of the death of Employee), shall be entitled to receive any payment with respect to the Performance Share Units in accordance with this Agreement; and

(ii)    if the Employee’s employment with the Company terminates by reason of retirement following the date on which such Employee has either (I) reached sixty (60) years of age, and completed at least ten (10) years of service as an employee of the Company, or (II) reached sixty-five (65) years of age, then the Performance Share Units shall become vested upon the later of (A) the completion of the Performance Period, or

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(B) the date the Employee terminates employment with the Company, based upon the actual level of performance, provided, however, that the Employee shall not receive such shares until their original scheduled vesting date.

Any payment made in connection with Section 2(c)(i) above shall be paid thirty (30) days after the Employee’s termination date.

3.Transfer Restrictions. The Performance Share Units may not be sold, assigned, pledged, exchanged, hypothecated or otherwise transferred, encumbered or otherwise disposed of by the Employee.

4.Shareholder Rights. The Employee shall not have any of the rights of a shareholder of the Company with respect to the Performance Share Units.

5.Corporate Acts. The existence of the Performance Share Units shall not affect in any way the right or power of the Board of Directors of the Company or the shareholders of the Company to make or authorize any adjustment, recapitalization, reorganization or other change in the Company’s capital structure or its business, any merger or consolidation of the Company, any issue of debt or equity securities, the dissolution or liquidation of the Company or any sale, lease, exchange or other disposition of all or any part of its assets or business or any other corporate act or proceeding.

6.Withholding of Tax. To the extent that the receipt of the Performance Share Units results in compensation income to the Employee for federal or state income tax purposes, the Employee may elect to either (i) deliver to the Company at the time of such receipt, as the case may be, such amount of money as the Company may require to meet its withholding obligation under applicable tax laws or regulations, or (ii) have the Company withhold a portion of the shares of the Company’s common stock distributable to the Employee under this Agreement that does not exceed the amount of taxes to be withheld by reason of such resulting compensation income. If the Employee does not make a timely election regarding the manner this tax withholding obligation will be satisfied, then the Company shall withhold a portion of the shares of the Company’s common stock distributable to the Employee under this Agreement that does not exceed the amount of taxes to be withheld by reason of such resulting compensation income.

7.Employment Relationship. For purposes of this Agreement, the Employee shall be considered to be in the employment of the Company as long as the Employee remains an employee of either the Company or an Affiliate (as such term is defined in the Plan). Nothing in the adoption of the Plan or the award of the Performance Share Units thereunder pursuant to this Agreement shall confer upon the Employee the right to continued employment by the Company or affect in any way the right of the Company to terminate such employment at any time. Unless otherwise provided in a written employment agreement or by applicable law, the Employee’s employment by the Company shall be on an at-will basis, and the employment relationship may be terminated at any time by either the Employee or the Company for any reason whatsoever, with or without cause. Any question as to whether and when there has been a termination of such employment, and the cause of such termination, shall be determined by the Committee, and its determination shall be final.

8.Notices. Any notices or other communications provided for in this Agreement shall be sufficient if in writing. In the case of the Employee, such notices or communications shall be effectively delivered when hand delivered to the Employee at his or her principal place of employment or when sent by registered or certified mail to the Employee at the last address the Employee has filed with the Company. In the case of the Company, such notices or communications shall be effectively delivered when sent by registered or certified mail to the Company at its principal executive offices.

9.Entire Agreement; Amendment. This Agreement replaces and merges all previous agreements and discussions relating to the same or similar subject matters between the Employee and the Company and constitutes the entire agreement between the Employee and the Company with respect to the subject matter of this Agreement. This Agreement may not be modified in any respect by any verbal statement, representation or agreement made by any employee, officer, or representative of the Company or by any written agreement unless signed by an officer of the Company who is expressly authorized by the Company to execute such document. In

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addition, if it is subsequently determined by the Committee, in its sole discretion, that the terms and conditions of this Agreement and/or the Plan are not compliant with Code Section 409A, or any Treasury regulations or Internal Revenue Service guidance promulgated thereunder, this Agreement and/or the Plan may be amended by the Company accordingly.

10.Code Section 409A. If and to the extent any portion of any payment provided to the Employee under this Agreement in connection with the Employee’s separation from service (as defined in Section 409A of Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (“Code Section 409A”) is determined to constitute “nonqualified deferred compensation” within the meaning of Code Section 409A and the Employee is a “specified employee” as defined in Code Section 409A(a)(2)(B)(i), as determined by the Company in accordance with the procedures separately adopted by the Company for this purpose, by which determination the Employee, as a condition to accepting benefits under this Agreement and the Plan, agrees that he or she is bound, such portion of the shares of Company’s common stock to be delivered on a vesting date shall not be delivered before the earlier of (i) the day that is six months plus one day after the date of separation from service (as determined under Code Section 409A) or (ii) the tenth (10th) day after the date of the Employee’s death (as applicable, the “New Payment Date”). The shares that otherwise would have been delivered to the Employee during the period between the date of separation from service and the New Payment Date shall be delivered to the Employee on such New Payment Date, and any remaining shares will be delivered on their original schedule. If the Employee becomes Disabled and such disability does not satisfy the requirements of Code Section 409A, then the Employee’s shares shall be delivered on the original scheduled vesting date. Neither the Company nor the Employee shall have the right to accelerate or defer the delivery of any such shares except to the extent specifically permitted or required by Code Section 409A. This Agreement is intended to comply with the provisions of Code Section 409A and this Agreement and the Plan shall, to the extent practicable, be construed in accordance therewith. Terms defined in this Agreement and the Plan shall have the meanings given such terms under Code Section 409A if and to the extent required to comply with Code Section 409A. In any event, the Company makes no representations or warranty and shall have no liability to the Employee or any other person if any provisions of or payments under this Agreement are determined to constitute deferred compensation subject to Code Section 409A but not to satisfy the conditions of that section.

11.Awards Subject to Plan. The Employee acknowledges receipt of a copy of the Plan, and agrees that this award of Performance Share Units shall be subject to all of the terms and provisions of the Plan, including future amendments thereto, if any, pursuant to the terms thereof, and to all of the terms and conditions of this Agreement. In the event of a conflict between any term or provision contained herein and a term or provision of the Plan, the applicable terms and provisions of the Plan will govern and prevail.

12.Binding Effect. This Agreement shall be binding upon and inure to the benefit of any successors to the Company and all persons lawfully claiming under the Employee.

13.Miscellaneous. In the event of any conflict or inconsistency between the terms of this Agreement and the terms of the Plan, including any amendments or supplements thereto, the terms of this Agreement shall be controlling.

[Remainder of page intentionally left blank]

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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Company has caused this Agreement to be duly executed by an officer thereunto duly authorized, and the Employee has agreed to and accepted the terms of this Agreement, all as of the date first above written.

COMPANY

ADAMS RESOURCES & ENERGY, INC.

By:

Name:

Title:

EMPLOYEE

By:

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Exhibit A

2024 Performance Criteria

    The Employee’s Performance Share Units shall become vested based on the satisfaction of both the (i) the time vesting requirement described in Section 2(b)(i) of the Agreement, and (ii) the Performance Criteria described in this Exhibit A. The initial number of Performance Share Units specified in Section 1 of the Agreement shall be the “target” number of shares of Stock that may be delivered upon settlement of the Performance Share Units subject to the Agreement. This initial number of Performance Share Units shall be adjusted based on the attainment of the Performance Criteria described in Section 3 below.

1.Performance Period: The performance period shall be the period between January 1, 2024 and December 31, 2024.

2.Award Value: The Performance Share Units subject to this Agreement will be earned based on the Company’s performance for the Performance Period. Following the end of the Performance Period, the Committee shall determine the number of Performance Share Units earned for the Performance Period.

3.Performance Criteria: Seventy-five percent (75%) of the Award shall be earned based on the Company’s attainment of the Adjusted Pre-Tax Cash Flow (“APTCF”) factor described in Section 3(a) below. Twenty-five percent (25%) of the Award shall be earned based on the Company’s attainment of Adjusted Pre-Tax Earnings (“APTE”) factor described in Section 3(b) below.

(a)Adjusted Pre-Tax Cash Flow – APTCF is defined as the Company’s net earnings or losses during the Performance Period adjusted by: (i) income tax expense or benefit; (ii) depreciation and amortization expense; (iii) stock-based compensation expense; (iv) inventory liquidation gains; (v) inventory valuation losses; (vi) net changes in the fair value of contracts, as each such adjustment is reported in the Company’s publicly filed financial statements for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2024; and (vii) any other adjustments the Company includes in the calculation of adjusted cash flow, as approved by the Company’s Board of Directors and reported in the Company’s earnings release. The Award Level for the APTCF factor for the Performance Period shall be determined based on the following table:

Performance Level	Adjusted Pre-Tax Cash Flow Amount	% of Target Performance Share Units Earned1
Maximum	$32,820,000	200%
Target	$26,256,000	100%
Threshold	$19,692,000	50%
<Threshold	<$19,692,000	0%

1 Linear interpolation will be applicable to the percentages between the Performance Levels.

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(b)Adjusted Pre-Tax Earnings – APTE shall be determined based on the Company’s net earnings or losses during the Performance Period adjusted by: (i) income tax expense or benefit; (ii) stock-based compensation expense; (iii) inventory liquidation gains; (iv) inventory valuation losses; (v) net changes in the fair value of contracts, as each such adjustment is reported in the Company’s publicly filed financial statements for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2024; and (vi) any other adjustments included by the Company in the calculation of its adjusted net earnings or losses, as approved by the Company’s Board of Directors and reported in its earnings release. The Award Level for the APTE factor for the Performance Period shall be determined based on the following table:

Performance Level	Adjusted Pre-Tax Earnings Amount	% of Target Performance Share Units Earned2
Maximum	$3,066,250	200%
Target	$2,453,000	100%
Threshold	$1,839,750	50%
<Threshold	<$1,839,750	0%

(c)Forfeiture. Any portion of the Performance Share Units which are not earned at the end of the Performance Period shall be forfeited as of the last day of the Performance Period.

2 Linear interpolation will be applicable to the percentages between the Performance Levels.

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EX-31.1

Exhibit 31.1

SARBANES-OXLEY SECTION 302 CERTIFICATION

I, Kevin J. Roycraft, certify that:

1.I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Adams Resources & Energy, Inc.;

2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4.The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)), for the registrant and have:

(a)Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b)Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c)Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d)Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5.The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a)All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b)Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date:	May 8, 2024	By:	/s/ Kevin J. Roycraft
			Kevin J. Roycraft
			Chief Executive Officer

EX-31.2

Exhibit 31.2

SARBANES-OXLEY SECTION 302 CERTIFICATION

I, Tracy E. Ohmart, certify that:

1.I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Adams Resources & Energy, Inc.;

2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4.The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)), for the registrant and have:

(a)Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b)Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c)Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d)Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5.The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a)All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b)Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date:	May 8, 2024	By:	/s/ Tracy E. Ohmart
			Tracy E. Ohmart
			Chief Financial Officer

EX-32.1

Exhibit 32.1

SARBANES-OXLEY SECTION 906 CERTIFICATION

CERTIFICATION OF KEVIN J. ROYCRAFT,

CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER OF ADAMS RESOURCES & ENERGY, INC.

In connection with the quarterly report of Adams Resources & Energy, Inc. (the “Registrant”) on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended March 31, 2024, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Kevin J. Roycraft, Chief Executive Officer of the Registrant, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350, as adopted pursuant to § 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that, to my knowledge:

(1)The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

(2)The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Registrant.

Date:	May 8, 2024	By:	/s/ Kevin J. Roycraft
			Kevin J. Roycraft
			Chief Executive Officer

EX-32.2

Exhibit 32.2

SARBANES-OXLEY SECTION 906 CERTIFICATION

CERTIFICATION OF TRACY E. OHMART,

CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER OF ADAMS RESOURCES & ENERGY, INC.

In connection with the quarterly report of Adams Resources & Energy, Inc. (the “Registrant”) on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended March 31, 2024, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Tracy E. Ohmart, Chief Financial Officer of the Registrant, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350, as adopted pursuant to § 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that, to my knowledge:

(1)The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

(2)The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Registrant.

Date:	May 8, 2024	By:	/s/ Tracy E. Ohmart
			Tracy E. Ohmart
			Chief Financial Officer

XML

Cover Page - shares	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	May 01, 2024
Cover [Abstract]
Document Type	10-Q
Document Quarterly Report	true
Document Period End Date	Mar. 31, 2024
Document Transition Report	false
Entity File Number	1-07908
Entity Registrant Name	ADAMS RESOURCES & ENERGY, INC.
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	DE
Entity Tax Identification Number	74-1753147
Entity Address, Address Line One	17 South Briar Hollow Lane
Entity Address, Address Line Two	Suite 100
Entity Address, City or Town	Houston
Entity Address, State or Province	TX
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	77027
City Area Code	713
Local Phone Number	881-3600
Title of 12(b) Security	Common Stock, $0.10 Par Value
Trading Symbol	AE
Security Exchange Name	NYSEAMER
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business	true
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		2,567,104
Entity Central Index Key	0000002178
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2024
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q1
Amendment Flag	false

XML

UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 36,603	$ 33,256
Restricted cash	11,664	11,990
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for credit losses of $94 and $117, respectively	185,296	164,295
Inventory	27,326	19,827
Prepayments and other current assets	2,538	3,103
Total current assets	263,427	232,471
Property and equipment, net	104,659	105,065
Operating lease right-of-use assets, net	5,385	5,832
Intangible assets, net	7,563	7,985
Goodwill	6,673	6,673
Other assets	3,124	3,308
Total assets	390,831	361,334
Current liabilities:
Current portion of finance lease obligations	6,251	6,206
Current portion of operating lease liabilities	2,508	2,829
Current portion of long-term debt	2,500	2,500
Other current liabilities	15,492	16,150
Total current liabilities	246,172	210,787
Other long-term liabilities:
Long-term debt	16,750	19,375
Asset retirement obligations	2,529	2,514
Finance lease obligations	18,087	19,685
Operating lease liabilities	2,883	3,006
Deferred taxes and other liabilities	12,756	13,251
Total liabilities	299,177	268,618
Commitments and contingencies (Note 14)
Shareholders’ equity:
Preferred stock – $1.00 par value, 960,000 shares authorized, none outstanding	0	0
Common stock – $0.10 par value, 7,500,000 shares authorized, 2,566,649 and 2,547,154 shares outstanding, respectively	255	253
Contributed capital	21,879	21,802
Retained earnings	69,520	70,661
Total shareholders’ equity	91,654	92,716
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity	390,831	361,334
Nonrelated Party
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	$ 219,421	$ 183,102

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UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (Parenthetical) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Current assets:
Allowance for doubtful accounts	$ 94	$ 117
Shareholders’ equity:
Preferred stock - par value (in dollars per share)	$ 1.00	$ 1.00
Preferred stock - shares authorized (in shares)	960,000	960,000
Preferred stock - shares outstanding (in shares)	0	0
Common stock - par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.10	$ 0.10
Common stock - shares authorized (in shares)	7,500,000	7,500,000
Common stock - shares outstanding (in shares)	2,566,649	2,547,154

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UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Revenues:
Billings to KSA and affiliates	$ 661,050	$ 650,162
Costs and expenses:
General and administrative	4,781	4,772
Depreciation and amortization	6,355	7,050
Total costs and expenses	661,411	652,792
Operating losses	(361)	(2,630)
Other income (expense):
Interest and other income	561	204
Interest expense	(793)	(696)
Total other income (expense), net	(232)	(492)
Losses before income taxes	(593)	(3,122)
Income tax benefit	95	1,123
Net losses	$ (498)	$ (1,999)
Losses per share:
Basic net losses per common share (in dollars per share)	$ (0.19)	$ (0.79)
Diluted net losses per common share (in dollars per share)	(0.19)	(0.79)
Dividends per common share (in dollars per share)	$ 0.24	$ 0.24
Marketing
Revenues:
Billings to KSA and affiliates	$ 623,824	$ 608,476
Costs and expenses:
Cost of goods and services sold	615,591	604,494
Transportation
Revenues:
Billings to KSA and affiliates	23,231	26,445
Costs and expenses:
Cost of goods and services sold	20,150	22,413
Pipeline and storage
Revenues:
Billings to KSA and affiliates	4	0
Costs and expenses:
Cost of goods and services sold	697	938
Logistics and repurposing
Revenues:
Billings to KSA and affiliates	13,991	15,241
Costs and expenses:
Cost of goods and services sold	$ 13,837	$ 13,125

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UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Operating activities:
Net losses	$ (498)	$ (1,999)
Adjustments to reconcile net earnings to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	6,355	7,050
Gains on sales of property	(337)	(31)
Provision for credit losses	(23)	(3)
Stock-based compensation expense	307	283
Deferred income taxes	(504)	(1,424)
Net change in fair value contracts	0	(487)
Changes in assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable	(20,978)	30,916
Accounts receivable/payable, affiliates	0	(31)
Inventories	(7,499)	4,644
Prepayments and other current assets	565	90
Accounts payable	36,291	(12,653)
Accrued liabilities	(599)	(2,514)
Other	(17)	(134)
Net cash provided by operating activities	13,063	23,707
Investing activities:
Property and equipment additions	(6,152)	(1,900)
Proceeds from property sales	962	441
Net cash used in investing activities	(5,190)	(1,459)
Financing activities:
Borrowings under Credit Agreement	0	18,000
Repayments under Credit Agreement	(2,625)	(18,625)
Principal repayments of finance lease obligations	(1,553)	(1,576)
Net proceeds from sale of equity	0	549
Dividends paid on common stock	(674)	(681)
Net cash used in financing activities	(4,852)	(2,333)
Increase in cash and cash equivalents, including restricted cash	3,021	19,915
Cash and cash equivalents, including restricted cash, at beginning of period	45,246	31,067
Cash and cash equivalents, including restricted cash, at end of period	$ 48,267	$ 50,982

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UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Total	Common Stock	Contributed Capital	Retained Earnings
Beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2022	$ 93,177	$ 248	$ 19,965	$ 72,964
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net losses	(1,999)			(1,999)
Stock-based compensation expense	283		283
Vesting of restricted awards	0	3	(3)
Cancellation of shares withheld to cover taxes upon vesting of restricted awards	(222)		(222)
Shares sold under at-the-market offering program	549	1	548
Dividends declared:
Common stock, $0.24/share	(608)			(608)
Awards under LTIP, $0.24/share	(25)			(25)
Ending balance at Mar. 31, 2023	91,155	252	20,571	70,332
Beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2023	92,716	253	21,802	70,661
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net losses	(498)			(498)
Stock-based compensation expense	307		307
Vesting of restricted awards	0	3	(3)
Cancellation of shares withheld to cover taxes upon vesting of restricted awards	(228)	(1)	(227)
Dividends declared:
Common stock, $0.24/share	(615)			(615)
Awards under LTIP, $0.24/share	(28)			(28)
Ending balance at Mar. 31, 2024	$ 91,654	$ 255	$ 21,879	$ 69,520

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UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY (Parenthetical) - $ / shares	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Statement of Stockholders' Equity [Abstract]
Dividends per common share (in dollars per share)	$ 0.24	$ 0.24
Awards under LTIP (in dollars per share)	$ 0.24	$ 0.24

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Organization and Basis of Presentation

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Organization and Basis of Presentation

Organization and Basis of Presentation

Organization

Adams Resources & Energy, Inc. is a publicly traded Delaware corporation organized in 1973, the common shares of which are listed on the NYSE American LLC under the ticker symbol “AE”. Through our subsidiaries, we are primarily engaged in crude oil marketing, truck and pipeline transportation of crude oil, and terminalling and storage in various crude oil and natural gas basins in the lower 48 states of the United States (“U.S.”). In addition, we conduct tank truck transportation of liquid chemicals, pressurized gases, asphalt and dry bulk primarily in the lower 48 states of the U.S. with deliveries into Canada and Mexico, and with sixteen terminals across the U.S. We also recycle and repurpose off-specification fuels, lubricants, crude oil and other chemicals from producers in the U.S. Unless the context requires otherwise, references to “we,” “us,” “our,” “Adams” or the “Company” are intended to mean the business and operations of Adams Resources & Energy, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries.  

We operate and report in four business segments: (i) crude oil marketing, transportation and storage; (ii) tank truck transportation of liquid chemicals, pressurized gases, asphalt and dry bulk; (iii) pipeline transportation, terminalling and storage of crude oil; and (iv) interstate bulk transportation logistics of crude oil, condensate, fuels, oils and other petroleum products and recycling and repurposing of off-specification fuels, lubricants, crude oil and other chemicals. See Note 7 for further information regarding our business segments.

Basis of Presentation

Our results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2024 are not necessarily indicative of results expected for the full year of 2024. In the opinion of management, the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments consisting of normal recurring accruals necessary for fair presentation.  The condensed consolidated financial statements and the accompanying notes are prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) for interim financial statements and the rules of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). Certain information and footnote disclosures required by GAAP for complete annual financial statements have been omitted and, therefore, these interim financial statements should be read in conjunction with our audited consolidated financial statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023 (the “2023 Form 10-K”) filed with the SEC on March 13, 2024. All significant intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of our financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to use estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amount of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. We base our estimates and judgments on historical experience and on various other assumptions and information we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. Estimates and assumptions about future events and their effects cannot be perceived with certainty and, accordingly, these estimates may change as new events occur, as more experience is acquired, as additional information is obtained and as the operating environment changes. While we believe the estimates and assumptions used in the preparation of these condensed consolidated financial statements are appropriate, actual results could differ from those estimates.

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash

The following table provides a reconciliation of cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash as reported in the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets that totals to the amounts shown in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of cash flows at the dates indicated (in thousands):

	March 31,		December 31,
	2024		2023
Cash and cash equivalents	$	36,603	$	33,256
Restricted cash:
Collateral for outstanding letters of credit (1)	112		111
Captive insurance subsidiary (2)	11,552		11,879
Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash shown in the
unaudited condensed consolidated statements of cash flows	$	48,267	$	45,246

_____________

(1)Represents amounts that are held in a segregated bank account by Wells Fargo Bank as collateral for an outstanding letter of credit.

(2)$1.5 million of the restricted cash balance relates to the initial capitalization of our captive insurance company formed in late 2020, and the remainder primarily represents cash amounts held by our captive insurance company for insurance premiums.

Common Shares Outstanding

The following table reconciles our outstanding common stock for the periods indicated:

	Common
	shares
Balance, January 1, 2024	2,547,154
Vesting of restricted stock unit awards (see Note 11)	19,334
Vesting of performance share unit awards (see Note 11)	6,318
Shares withheld to cover taxes upon vesting of equity awards	(6,157)
Balance, March 31, 2024	2,566,649

Earnings Per Share

Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing our net earnings (losses) by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per share is computed by giving effect to all potential common shares outstanding, including shares related to unvested restricted stock unit awards. Unvested restricted stock unit awards granted under the Adams Resources & Energy, Inc. 2018 Long-Term Incentive Plan, as amended and restated (“2018 LTIP”), or granted as employment inducement awards outside of the 2018 LTIP, are not considered to be participating securities as the holders of these shares do not have non-forfeitable dividend rights in the event of our declaration of a dividend for common shares (see Note 11 for further discussion).

A reconciliation of the calculation of basic and diluted earnings (losses) per share was as follows for the periods indicated (in thousands, except per share data):

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2024		2023
Earnings (Losses) per share — numerator:
Net losses	$	(498)	$	(1,999)
Denominator:
Basic weighted average number of shares outstanding	2,554		2,517
Basic net losses per share	$	(0.19)	$	(0.79)
Diluted earnings per share:
Diluted weighted average number of shares outstanding:
Common shares	2,554		2,517
Restricted stock unit awards (1)	—		—
Performance share unit awards (1) (2)	—		—
Total diluted shares	2,554		2,517
Diluted net losses per share	$	(0.19)	$	(0.79)

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(1)For the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, the effect of the restricted stock unit awards and the performance share unit awards on losses per share was anti-dilutive.

(2)The dilutive effect of performance share awards is included in the calculation of diluted earnings per share when the performance share award performance conditions have been achieved.

Fair Value Measurements

The carrying amounts reported in the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets for cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable and accounts payable approximates fair value because of the immediate or short-term maturity of these financial instruments. Marketable securities are recorded at fair value based on market quotations from actively traded liquid markets. The fair value of the term loan under our credit agreement (see Note 10 for further information) is representative of the carrying value based upon the variable terms and management’s opinion that the current rates available to us with the same maturity and security structure are equivalent to that of the debt.

A three-tier hierarchy has been established that classifies fair value amounts recognized in the financial statements based on the observability of inputs used to estimate these fair values.  The hierarchy considers fair value amounts based on observable inputs (Levels 1 and 2) to be more reliable and predictable than those based primarily on unobservable inputs (Level 3).  At each balance sheet reporting date, we categorize our financial assets and liabilities using this hierarchy.

Fair value contracts consist of derivative financial instruments and are recorded as either an asset or liability measured at its fair value. Changes in fair value are recognized immediately in earnings unless the derivatives qualify for, and we elect, cash flow hedge accounting. We had no contracts designated for hedge accounting outstanding during any current reporting periods.

Income Taxes

Income taxes are accounted for using the asset and liability method. Under this approach, deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized based on anticipated future tax consequences attributable to differences between financial statement carrying amounts of these items and their respective tax basis.

Inventory

Inventory consists of crude oil held in storage tanks and at third-party pipelines as part of our crude oil marketing and pipeline and storage operations. Crude oil inventory is carried at the lower of cost or net realizable value. At the end of each reporting period, we assess the carrying value of our inventory and make adjustments necessary to reduce the carrying value to the applicable net realizable value. Any resulting adjustments are a component of marketing costs and expenses or pipeline and storage costs and expenses on our unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations.

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment is recorded at cost. Expenditures for additions, improvements and other enhancements to property and equipment are capitalized, and minor replacements, maintenance and repairs that do not extend asset life or add value are charged to expense as incurred. When property and equipment assets are retired or otherwise disposed of, the related cost and accumulated depreciation is removed from the accounts and any resulting gain or loss is included in results of operations in operating costs and expenses for the respective period. Property and equipment, except for land, is depreciated using the straight-line method over the estimated average useful lives ranging from two to thirty-nine years.

We review our long-lived assets for impairment whenever there is evidence that the carrying value of these assets may not be recoverable. Any impairment recognized is permanent and may not be restored. Property and equipment is reviewed at the lowest level of identifiable cash flows. For property and equipment requiring impairment, the fair value is estimated based on an internal discounted cash flow model of future cash flows.

See Note 5 for additional information regarding our property and equipment.

Stock-Based Compensation

We measure all share-based payment awards, including the issuance of restricted stock unit awards and performance share unit awards to employees and board members, using a fair-value based method. The cost of services received from employees and non-employee board members in exchange for awards of equity instruments is recognized in the consolidated statements of operations based on the estimated fair value of those awards on the grant date and is amortized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period. The fair value of restricted stock unit awards and performance share unit awards is based on the closing price of our common stock on the grant date. We account for forfeitures as they occur. See Note 11 for additional information regarding our 2018 LTIP.

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Revenue Recognition

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]

Revenue Recognition

Revenue Recognition

Revenue Disaggregation

The following table disaggregates our revenue by segment and by major source for the periods indicated (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2024		2023
Crude oil marketing:
Revenue from contracts with customers:
Goods transferred at a point in time	$	611,942	$	588,089
Services transferred over time	25		44
Total revenues from contracts with customers	611,967		588,133
Other (1)	11,857		20,343
Total crude oil marketing revenue	$	623,824	$	608,476
Transportation:
Revenue from contracts with customers:
Goods transferred at a point in time	$	—	$	—
Services transferred over time	23,231		26,445
Total revenues from contracts with customers	23,231		26,445
Other	—		—
Total transportation revenue	$	23,231	$	26,445
Pipeline and storage: (2)
Revenue from contracts with customers:
Goods transferred at a point in time	$	—	$	—
Services transferred over time	4		—
Total revenues from contracts with customers	4		—
Other	—		—
Total pipeline and storage revenue	$	4	$	—
Logistics and repurposing:
Revenue from contracts with customers:
Goods transferred at a point in time	$	6,557	$	8,154
Services transferred over time	7,434		7,087
Total revenues from contracts with customers	13,991		15,241
Other	—		—
Total logistics and repurposing revenue	$	13,991	$	15,241
Subtotal:
Total revenues from contracts with customers	$	649,193	$	629,819
Total other (1)	11,857		20,343
Total consolidated revenues	$	661,050	$	650,162

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(1)Other crude oil marketing revenues are recognized under Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 815, Derivatives and Hedging, and ASC 845, Nonmonetary Transactions – Purchases and Sales of Inventory with the Same Counterparty.

(2)All pipeline and storage revenue earned during the three months ended March 31, 2023, and substantially all pipeline and storage revenue earned during the three months ended March 31, 2024, was from an affiliated shipper, GulfMark Energy, Inc. (“GulfMark”), our subsidiary, and eliminated in consolidation.

Other Crude Oil Marketing Revenue

Certain of the commodity purchase and sale contracts utilized by our crude oil marketing business qualify as derivative instruments with certain specifically identified contracts also designated as trading activity. From the time of contract origination, these contracts are marked-to-market and recorded on a net revenue basis in the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

Certain of our crude oil contracts may be with a single counterparty to provide for similar quantities of crude oil to be bought and sold at different locations. These contracts are entered into for a variety of reasons, including effecting the transportation of the commodity, to minimize credit exposure, and/or to meet the competitive demands of the customer. These buy/sell arrangements are reflected on a net revenue basis in the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

Reporting these crude oil contracts on a gross revenue basis would increase our reported revenues as follows for the periods indicated (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2024		2023
Revenue gross-up	$	60,170	$	286,702

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Prepayments and Other Current Assets

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Deferred Costs, Capitalized, Prepaid, and Other Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Prepayments and Other Current Assets

Prepayments and Other Current Assets

The components of prepayments and other current assets were as follows at the dates indicated (in thousands):

	March 31,		December 31,
	2024		2023
Insurance premiums	$	711	$	798
Rents, licenses and other	1,827		2,305
Total prepayments and other current assets	$	2,538	$	3,103

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Property and Equipment

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]

Property and Equipment

Property and Equipment

The historical costs of our property and equipment and related accumulated depreciation and amortization balances were as follows at the dates indicated (in thousands):

	Estimated
	Useful Life	March 31,		December 31,
	in Years	2024		2023
Tractors and trailers	5 – 6	$	119,818	$	119,265
Field equipment	2 – 5	24,952		25,024
Finance lease ROU assets (1)	3 – 6	35,881		35,724
Pipeline and related facilities	20 – 25	20,511		20,397
Linefill and base gas (2)	N/A	3,922		3,922
Buildings	5 – 39	17,066		17,089
Office equipment	2 – 5	3,000		3,000
Land	N/A	4,163		4,163
Construction in progress	N/A	4,656		3,385
Total		233,969		231,969
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization		(129,310)		(126,904)
Property and equipment, net		$	104,659	$	105,065

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(1)Our finance lease right-of-use (“ROU)” assets arise from leasing arrangements for the right to use various classes of underlying assets including tractors, trailers and a tank storage and throughput arrangement (see Note 13 for further information). Accumulated amortization of the assets presented as “Finance lease ROU assets” was $12.8 million and $11.0 million at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.

(2)Linefill and base gas represents crude oil in the VEX pipeline and storage tanks we own, and the crude oil is recorded at historical cost.

Components of depreciation and amortization expense were as follows for the periods indicated (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2024		2023
Depreciation and amortization, excluding amounts under finance leases	$	4,059	$	4,824
Amortization of property and equipment under finance leases	1,874		1,775
Amortization of intangible assets	422		451
Total depreciation and amortization	$	6,355	$	7,050

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Other Assets

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Deferred Costs, Capitalized, Prepaid, and Other Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Other Assets

Other Assets

Components of other assets were as follows at the dates indicated (in thousands):

	March 31,		December 31,
	2024		2023
Insurance collateral deposits	$	605	$	605
State collateral deposits	23		23
Materials and supplies	948		1,050
Debt issuance costs	1,175		1,259
Other	373		371
Total other assets	$	3,124	$	3,308

We have established certain deposits to support participation in our liability insurance program and remittance of state crude oil severance taxes and other state collateral deposits. Insurance collateral deposits are held by the insurance company to cover past or potential open claims based upon a percentage of the expected losses under the insurance programs. Insurance collateral deposits are invested at the discretion of our insurance carrier.

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Segment Reporting

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Segment Reporting [Abstract]

Segment Reporting

Segment ReportingWe operate and report in four business segments: (i) crude oil marketing, transportation and storage; (ii) tank truck transportation of liquid chemicals, pressurized gases, asphalt and dry bulk; (iii) pipeline transportation, terminalling and storage of crude oil; and (iv) interstate bulk transportation logistics of crude oil, condensate, fuels, oils and other petroleum products and recycling and repurposing of off-specification fuels, lubricants, crude oil and other chemicals.

Financial information by reporting segment was as follows for the periods indicated (in thousands):

	Reporting Segments
	Crude oil marketing		Trans-portation		Pipeline and storage		Logistics and repurposing		Other		Total
Three Months Ended March 31, 2024
Segment revenues (1)	$	623,826	$	23,291	$	926	$	15,094	$	—	$	663,137
Less: Intersegment revenues (1)	(2)		(60)		(922)		(1,103)		—		(2,087)
Revenues	$	623,824	$	23,231	$	4	$	13,991	$	—	$	661,050
Segment operating earnings (losses) (2)	6,654		213		(963)		(1,484)		—		4,420
Depreciation and amortization	1,579		2,868		270		1,638		—		6,355
Property and equipment additions (3)	2,944		2,923		85		200		—		6,152
Three Months Ended March 31, 2023
Segment revenues (1)	$	608,476	$	26,530	$	809	$	16,747	$	—	$	652,562
Less: Intersegment revenues (1)	—		(85)		(809)		(1,506)		—		(2,400)
Revenues	$	608,476	$	26,445	$	—	$	15,241	$	—	$	650,162
Segment operating earnings (losses) (2)	1,907		901		(1,201)		535		—		2,142
Depreciation and amortization	2,075		3,131		263		1,581		—		7,050
Property and equipment additions (3)(4)	275		167		971		460		27		1,900

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(1)Segment revenues include intersegment amounts that are eliminated due to consolidation in operating costs and expenses in our unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations. Intersegment activities are conducted at posted tariff rates where applicable, or otherwise at rates similar to those charged to third parties or rates that we believe approximate market at the time the agreement is executed.

(2)Our crude oil marketing segment’s operating earnings included inventory liquidation gains of $1.8 million and inventory valuation losses $1.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

(3)Our segment property and equipment additions do not include assets acquired under finance leases during the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023. See Note 13 for further information.

(4)Amounts included in property and equipment additions for Other are additions for computer equipment at our corporate headquarters, which were not attributed or allocated to any of our reporting segments.

Segment operating earnings reflect revenues net of operating costs and depreciation and amortization expense and are reconciled to earnings (losses) before income taxes, as follows for the periods indicated (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2024		2023
Segment operating earnings	$	4,420	$	2,142
General and administrative	(4,781)		(4,772)
Operating losses	(361)		(2,630)
Interest and other income	561		204
Interest expense	(793)		(696)
Losses before income taxes	$	(593)	$	(3,122)

Identifiable assets by business segment were as follows at the dates indicated (in thousands):

	March 31,		December 31,
	2024		2023
Reporting segment:
Crude oil marketing	$	211,951	$	185,285
Transportation	57,890		57,653
Pipeline and storage	25,262		25,027
Logistics and repurposing	42,981		43,258
Cash and other (1)	52,747		50,111
Total assets	$	390,831	$	361,334

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(1)Other identifiable assets are primarily corporate cash, corporate accounts receivable, properties and operating lease right-of-use assets not identified with any specific segment of our business.

Accounting policies for transactions between reportable segments are consistent with applicable accounting policies as disclosed herein.

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Transactions with Affiliates

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Related Party Transactions [Abstract]

Transactions with Affiliates

Transactions with Affiliates

We enter into certain transactions in the normal course of business with affiliated entities. Activities with affiliates were as follows for the periods indicated (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2024		2023
Billings to KSA and affiliates	$	—	$	5
Rentals paid to an affiliate of KSA	—		137
Payments to an affiliate of KSA for purchase of vehicles (1)	—		157
Rentals paid to affiliates of Scott Bosard (2)	144		140
Crude oil purchases from affiliate (3)	3,451		1,394

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(1)Amounts paid to West Point Buick GMC were for the purchase of three pickup trucks during the three months ended March 31, 2023, and are net of trade-in values.

(2)In connection with the acquisition of Firebird and Phoenix on August 12, 2022, we entered into four operating lease agreements for office and terminal locations with entities owned by Scott Bosard, one of the sellers, for periods ranging from two to five years.

(3)From time to time, GulfMark purchases crude oil from Endeavor Natural Gas, L.P., of which a member of our Board of Directors is the Managing Partner.

Affiliate transactions included direct cost reimbursement for shared phone and administrative services from KSA Industries, Inc. (“KSA”), an affiliated entity. We leased our corporate office space in a building operated by 17 South Briar Hollow Lane, LLC, an affiliate of KSA. In addition, we purchase pickup trucks from West Point Buick GMC, an affiliate of KSA. KSA was our largest shareholder until October 31, 2022, when we repurchased the common stock owned by it. An affiliate of KSA served on our Board of Directors through the date of our 2023 annual meeting, when he retired. As of May 31, 2023, KSA and its affiliates are no longer related parties. The table above consequently does not reflect any payments to or from KSA and its affiliates after that date.

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Other Current Liabilities

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Other Liabilities Disclosure [Abstract]

Other Current Liabilities

Other Current Liabilities

The components of other current liabilities were as follows at the dates indicated (in thousands):

	March 31,		December 31,
	2024		2023
Accrual for payroll, benefits and bonuses	$	4,790	$	5,684
Accrued automobile and workers’ compensation claims	6,351		5,804
Accrued medical claims	1,303		997
Accrued taxes	1,740		2,453
Other	1,308		1,212
Total other current liabilities	$	15,492	$	16,150

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Long-Term Debt

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Long-Term Debt

Long-Term Debt

On October 27, 2022, we entered into a credit agreement (the “Credit Agreement”) with Cadence Bank, as administrative agent, swingline lender and issuing lender, and the other lenders party thereto (collectively, the “Lenders”). The Credit Agreement provides for (a) a revolving credit facility that allows for borrowings up to $60.0 million in aggregate principal amount from time to time (the “Revolving Credit Facility”) and (b) a Term Loan in aggregate principal amount of $25.0 million (the “Term Loan”). The Revolving Credit Facility matures on October 27, 2027 unless earlier terminated.

Pursuant to the terms of the Credit Agreement, we are required to maintain compliance with the following financial covenants as of the end of each fiscal quarter and on a pro forma basis, after giving effect to any borrowings (in each case commencing with the fiscal quarter ending December 31, 2022): (i) the Consolidated Total Leverage Ratio shall not be greater than 2.50 to 1.00; (ii) the Asset Coverage Ratio shall not be less than 2.00 to 1.00; and (iii) the Consolidated Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio shall not be less than 1.25 to 1.00. Each of such ratios is calculated as outlined in the Credit Agreement and subject to certain exclusions and qualifications described therein.

On August 2, 2023, we entered into Amendment No. 1 (the “Amendment”) to the Credit Agreement. The Amendment (i) clarifies our ability to exclude crude oil inventory valuation losses (and, to the extent included in our consolidated net income, inventory liquidation gains) from the calculation of Consolidated EBITDA for purposes of the related financial covenants, (ii) provides for the exclusion of unusual and non-recurring losses and expenses from the calculation of Consolidated EBITDA, not to exceed 10.0 percent of Consolidated EBITDA for the period, and (iii) amends the definition of Consolidated Funded Indebtedness to include letters of credit and banker’s acceptances only to the extent such letters of credit or banker’s acceptances have been drawn, for purposes of the Consolidated Total Leverage Ratio calculation in the Credit Agreement. The Amendment applies to our fiscal period ending June 30, 2023 and thereafter.

At March 31, 2024, we had $19.3 million outstanding under the Term Loan at a weighted average interest rate of 7.67 percent, and $13.0 million of letters of credit outstanding at a fee of 2.50 percent. No amounts were outstanding under the Revolving Credit Facility.

The following table presents the scheduled maturities of principal amounts of our debt obligations at March 31, 2024 for the next five years, and in total thereafter (in thousands):

Remainder of 2024	$	1,875
2025	2,500
2026	2,500
2027	12,375
Total debt maturities	$	19,250

At March 31, 2024, we were in compliance with all covenants under the Credit Agreement.

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Stock-Based Compensation Plan

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]

Stock-Based Compensation Plan

Stock-Based Compensation Plan

We have in place a long-term incentive plan in which any employee or non-employee director who provides services to us is eligible to participate. The 2018 LTIP, which is overseen by the Compensation Committee of our Board of Directors, provides for the grant of various types of equity awards, of which restricted stock unit awards and performance-based compensation awards have been granted. In May 2022, our shareholders approved an amendment and restatement of the 2018 LTIP, in which the maximum number of shares authorized for issuance under the 2018 LTIP was increased by 150,000 shares to a total of 300,000 shares, and the term of the 2018 LTIP was extended through February 23, 2032. After giving effect to awards granted and forfeitures made under the 2018 LTIP and assuming the potential achievement of the maximum amounts of the performance factors through March 31, 2024, a total of 39,115 shares remained available for issuance.

Compensation expense recognized in connection with equity-based awards was as follows for the periods indicated (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2024		2023
Compensation expense	$	307	$	283

At March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, we had $0.1 million and $0.1 million, respectively, of accrued dividend amounts for awards granted under the 2018 LTIP or as inducement awards.

Restricted Stock Unit Awards

The following table presents restricted stock unit award activity for the periods indicated:

		Weighted-
		Average Grant
	Number of	Date Fair Value
	Shares	per Share (1)
Restricted stock unit awards at January 1, 2024	58,587	$	41.16
Granted (2)	53,266	$	29.96
Vested	(19,334)	$	41.98
Forfeited	(1,459)	$	39.11
Restricted stock unit awards at March 31, 2024	91,060	$	34.47

_______________

(1)Determined by dividing the aggregate grant date fair value of awards by the number of awards issued.

(2)The aggregate grant date fair value of restricted stock unit awards issued during the first three months of 2024 was $1.6 million based on grant date market prices of our common shares ranging from $24.51 to $30.03 per share.

Unrecognized compensation cost associated with restricted stock unit awards was approximately $1.9 million at March 31, 2024. Due to the graded vesting provisions of these awards, we expect to recognize the remaining compensation cost for these awards over a weighted-average period of 1.8 years.

Performance Share Unit Awards

The following table presents performance share unit award activity for the periods indicated:

		Weighted-
		Average Grant
	Number of	Date Fair Value
	Shares	per Share (1)
Performance share unit awards at January 1, 2024	17,424	$	31.03
Granted (2)	29,546	$	30.01
Vested	(6,318)	$	29.70
Forfeited	(125)	$	30.99
Performance share unit awards at March 31, 2024	40,527	$	30.49

_______________

(1)Determined by dividing the aggregate grant date fair value of awards by the number of awards issued.

(2)The aggregate grant date fair value of performance share unit awards issued during the first three months of 2024 was $0.9 million based on grant date market prices of our common shares ranging from $24.58 to $30.03 per share and assuming a performance factor of 100 percent.

Unrecognized compensation cost associated with performance share unit awards was approximately $1.0 million at March 31, 2024. We expect to recognize the remaining compensation cost for these awards over a weighted-average period of 2.7 years.

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Supplemental Cash Flow Information

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Supplemental Cash Flow Elements [Abstract]

Supplemental Cash Flow Information

Supplemental Cash Flow Information

Supplemental cash flows and non-cash transactions were as follows for the periods indicated (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2024		2023
Cash paid for interest	$	765	$	636
Cash paid for federal and state income taxes	800		2
Non-cash transactions:
Change in accounts payable related to property and equipment additions	—		52
Property and equipment acquired under finance leases	—		9,007

See Note 13 for information related to other non-cash transactions related to leases.

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Leases

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Leases [Abstract]

Leases

Leases

The following table provides the components of lease expense for the periods indicated (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2024		2023
Finance lease cost:
Amortization of ROU assets	$	1,874	$	1,774
Interest on lease liabilities	343		238
Operating lease cost	856		878
Short-term lease cost	3,475		3,698
Variable lease cost	21		5
Total lease expense	$	6,569	$	6,593

The following table provides supplemental cash flow and other information related to leases for the periods indicated (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2024		2023
Cash paid for amounts included in measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows from operating leases (1)	$	800	$	777
Operating cash flows from finance leases (1)	343		224
Financing cash flows from finance leases	1,553		1,576
ROU assets obtained in exchange for new lease liabilities:
Finance leases	—		9,007
Operating leases	296		401

______________

(1)Amounts are included in Other operating activities on the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of cash flows.

The following table provides the lease terms and discount rates for the periods indicated:

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2024	2023
Weighted-average remaining lease term (years):
Finance leases	3.36	3.89
Operating leases	2.80	3.32
Weighted-average discount rate:
Finance leases	5.6%	4.6%
Operating leases	4.5%	4.1%

The following table provides supplemental balance sheet information related to leases at the dates indicated (in thousands):

	March 31,		December 31,
	2024		2023
Assets
Finance lease ROU assets (1)	$	23,039	$	24,681
Operating lease ROU assets	5,385		5,832
Liabilities
Current
Finance lease liabilities	6,251		6,206
Operating lease liabilities	2,508		2,829
Noncurrent
Finance lease liabilities	18,087		19,685
Operating lease liabilities	2,883		3,006

______________

(1)Amounts are included in Property and equipment, net on the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets.

The following table provides maturities of undiscounted lease liabilities at March 31, 2024 (in thousands):

	Finance		Operating
	Lease		Lease
Remainder of 2024	$	5,568	$	2,311
2025	7,284		1,395
2026	5,615		1,136
2027	6,047		615
2028	2,785		219
Thereafter	—		19
Total lease payments	27,299		5,695
Less: Interest	(2,961)		(304)
Present value of lease liabilities	24,338		5,391
Less: Current portion of lease obligation	(6,251)		(2,508)
Total long-term lease obligation	$	18,087	$	2,883

The following table provides maturities of undiscounted lease liabilities at December 31, 2023 (in thousands):

	Finance		Operating
	Lease		Lease
2024	$	7,463	$	3,009
2025	7,284		1,273
2026	5,615		1,047
2027	6,047		602
2028	2,789		219
Thereafter	—		18
Total lease payments	29,198		6,168
Less: Interest	(3,307)		(333)
Present value of lease liabilities	25,891		5,835
Less: Current portion of lease obligation	(6,206)		(2,829)
Total long-term lease obligation	$	19,685	$	3,006

Leases

Leases

The following table provides the components of lease expense for the periods indicated (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2024		2023
Finance lease cost:
Amortization of ROU assets	$	1,874	$	1,774
Interest on lease liabilities	343		238
Operating lease cost	856		878
Short-term lease cost	3,475		3,698
Variable lease cost	21		5
Total lease expense	$	6,569	$	6,593

The following table provides supplemental cash flow and other information related to leases for the periods indicated (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2024		2023
Cash paid for amounts included in measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows from operating leases (1)	$	800	$	777
Operating cash flows from finance leases (1)	343		224
Financing cash flows from finance leases	1,553		1,576
ROU assets obtained in exchange for new lease liabilities:
Finance leases	—		9,007
Operating leases	296		401

______________

(1)Amounts are included in Other operating activities on the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of cash flows.

The following table provides the lease terms and discount rates for the periods indicated:

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2024	2023
Weighted-average remaining lease term (years):
Finance leases	3.36	3.89
Operating leases	2.80	3.32
Weighted-average discount rate:
Finance leases	5.6%	4.6%
Operating leases	4.5%	4.1%

The following table provides supplemental balance sheet information related to leases at the dates indicated (in thousands):

	March 31,		December 31,
	2024		2023
Assets
Finance lease ROU assets (1)	$	23,039	$	24,681
Operating lease ROU assets	5,385		5,832
Liabilities
Current
Finance lease liabilities	6,251		6,206
Operating lease liabilities	2,508		2,829
Noncurrent
Finance lease liabilities	18,087		19,685
Operating lease liabilities	2,883		3,006

______________

(1)Amounts are included in Property and equipment, net on the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets.

The following table provides maturities of undiscounted lease liabilities at March 31, 2024 (in thousands):

	Finance		Operating
	Lease		Lease
Remainder of 2024	$	5,568	$	2,311
2025	7,284		1,395
2026	5,615		1,136
2027	6,047		615
2028	2,785		219
Thereafter	—		19
Total lease payments	27,299		5,695
Less: Interest	(2,961)		(304)
Present value of lease liabilities	24,338		5,391
Less: Current portion of lease obligation	(6,251)		(2,508)
Total long-term lease obligation	$	18,087	$	2,883

The following table provides maturities of undiscounted lease liabilities at December 31, 2023 (in thousands):

	Finance		Operating
	Lease		Lease
2024	$	7,463	$	3,009
2025	7,284		1,273
2026	5,615		1,047
2027	6,047		602
2028	2,789		219
Thereafter	—		18
Total lease payments	29,198		6,168
Less: Interest	(3,307)		(333)
Present value of lease liabilities	25,891		5,835
Less: Current portion of lease obligation	(6,206)		(2,829)
Total long-term lease obligation	$	19,685	$	3,006

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Commitments and Contingencies

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Commitments and Contingencies

Commitments and Contingencies

Insurance

We have accrued liabilities for estimated workers’ compensation and other casualty claims incurred based upon claim reserves plus an estimate for loss development and incurred but not reported claims. We self-insure a significant portion of expected losses relating to workers’ compensation, general liability and automobile liability, with a self-insurance retention of $1.0 million. On October 1, 2023, the self-insurance retention was increased to $1.5 million for the auto policy. Insurance is purchased over our retention to reduce our exposure to catastrophic events. Estimates are recorded for potential and incurred outstanding liabilities for workers’ compensation, auto and general liability claims and claims that are incurred but not reported. Estimates are based on adjusters’ estimates, historical experience and statistical methods commonly used within the insurance industry that we believe are reliable. We have also engaged a third-party actuary to perform a review of our accrued liability for these claims as well as potential funded losses in our captive insurance company. Insurance estimates include certain assumptions and management judgments regarding the frequency and severity of claims, claim development and settlement practices and the selection of estimated loss among estimates derived using different methods. Unanticipated changes in these factors may produce materially different amounts of expense that would be reported under these programs.

Since October 2020, we have elected to utilize a wholly owned insurance captive to insure the self-insured retention for our workers’ compensation, general liability and automobile liability insurance programs. All accrued liabilities associated with periods from October 2017 through current were transferred to the captive.

We maintain excess property and casualty programs with third-party insurers in an effort to limit the financial impact of significant events covered under these programs. Our operating subsidiaries pay premiums to both the excess and reinsurance carriers and our captive for the estimated losses based on an external actuarial analysis. These premiums held by our wholly owned captive are currently held in a restricted account, resulting in a transfer of risk from our operating subsidiaries to the captive.

We also maintain a self-insurance program for managing employee medical claims in excess of employee deductibles. As claims are paid, the liability is relieved. We also maintain third party insurance stop-loss coverage for individual medical claims exceeding a certain minimum threshold. In addition, we maintain $1.3 million of umbrella insurance coverage for annual aggregate medical claims exceeding approximately $11.3 million.

Our accruals for automobile, workers’ compensation and medical claims were as follows at the dates indicated (in thousands):

	March 31,		December 31,
	2024		2023
Accrued automobile and workers’ compensation claims	$	6,351	$	5,804
Accrued medical claims	1,303		997

Litigation

From time to time as incidental to our operations, we may become involved in various lawsuits and/or disputes. As an operator of an extensive trucking fleet, we are a party to motor vehicle accidents, worker compensation claims and other items of general liability as would be typical for the industry. We are presently unaware of any claims against us that are either outside the scope of insurance coverage or that may exceed the level of insurance coverage and could potentially represent a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

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Pay vs Performance Disclosure - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Pay vs Performance Disclosure
Net losses	$ (498)	$ (1,999)

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Insider Trading Arrangements	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024
Trading Arrangements, by Individual
Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted	false
Non-Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted	false
Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Terminated	false
Non-Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Terminated	false

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Organization

Organization

Adams Resources & Energy, Inc. is a publicly traded Delaware corporation organized in 1973, the common shares of which are listed on the NYSE American LLC under the ticker symbol “AE”. Through our subsidiaries, we are primarily engaged in crude oil marketing, truck and pipeline transportation of crude oil, and terminalling and storage in various crude oil and natural gas basins in the lower 48 states of the United States (“U.S.”). In addition, we conduct tank truck transportation of liquid chemicals, pressurized gases, asphalt and dry bulk primarily in the lower 48 states of the U.S. with deliveries into Canada and Mexico, and with sixteen terminals across the U.S. We also recycle and repurpose off-specification fuels, lubricants, crude oil and other chemicals from producers in the U.S. Unless the context requires otherwise, references to “we,” “us,” “our,” “Adams” or the “Company” are intended to mean the business and operations of Adams Resources & Energy, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries.  

We operate and report in four business segments: (i) crude oil marketing, transportation and storage; (ii) tank truck transportation of liquid chemicals, pressurized gases, asphalt and dry bulk; (iii) pipeline transportation, terminalling and storage of crude oil; and (iv) interstate bulk transportation logistics of crude oil, condensate, fuels, oils and other petroleum products and recycling and repurposing of off-specification fuels, lubricants, crude oil and other chemicals. See Note 7 for further information regarding our business segments.

Basis of Presentation

Basis of Presentation

Our results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2024 are not necessarily indicative of results expected for the full year of 2024. In the opinion of management, the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments consisting of normal recurring accruals necessary for fair presentation.  The condensed consolidated financial statements and the accompanying notes are prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) for interim financial statements and the rules of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). Certain information and footnote disclosures required by GAAP for complete annual financial statements have been omitted and, therefore, these interim financial statements should be read in conjunction with our audited consolidated financial statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023 (the “2023 Form 10-K”) filed with the SEC on March 13, 2024. All significant intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation.

Use of Estimates

Use of Estimates

The preparation of our financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to use estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amount of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. We base our estimates and judgments on historical experience and on various other assumptions and information we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. Estimates and assumptions about future events and their effects cannot be perceived with certainty and, accordingly, these estimates may change as new events occur, as more experience is acquired, as additional information is obtained and as the operating environment changes. While we believe the estimates and assumptions used in the preparation of these condensed consolidated financial statements are appropriate, actual results could differ from those estimates.

Earnings Per Share

Earnings Per Share

Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing our net earnings (losses) by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per share is computed by giving effect to all potential common shares outstanding, including shares related to unvested restricted stock unit awards. Unvested restricted stock unit awards granted under the Adams Resources & Energy, Inc. 2018 Long-Term Incentive Plan, as amended and restated (“2018 LTIP”), or granted as employment inducement awards outside of the 2018 LTIP, are not considered to be participating securities as the holders of these shares do not have non-forfeitable dividend rights in the event of our declaration of a dividend for common shares (see Note 11 for further discussion).

Fair Value Measurements

Fair Value Measurements

The carrying amounts reported in the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets for cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable and accounts payable approximates fair value because of the immediate or short-term maturity of these financial instruments. Marketable securities are recorded at fair value based on market quotations from actively traded liquid markets. The fair value of the term loan under our credit agreement (see Note 10 for further information) is representative of the carrying value based upon the variable terms and management’s opinion that the current rates available to us with the same maturity and security structure are equivalent to that of the debt.

A three-tier hierarchy has been established that classifies fair value amounts recognized in the financial statements based on the observability of inputs used to estimate these fair values.  The hierarchy considers fair value amounts based on observable inputs (Levels 1 and 2) to be more reliable and predictable than those based primarily on unobservable inputs (Level 3).  At each balance sheet reporting date, we categorize our financial assets and liabilities using this hierarchy.

Fair value contracts consist of derivative financial instruments and are recorded as either an asset or liability measured at its fair value. Changes in fair value are recognized immediately in earnings unless the derivatives qualify for, and we elect, cash flow hedge accounting. We had no contracts designated for hedge accounting outstanding during any current reporting periods.

Income Taxes

Income Taxes

Income taxes are accounted for using the asset and liability method. Under this approach, deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized based on anticipated future tax consequences attributable to differences between financial statement carrying amounts of these items and their respective tax basis.

Inventory

Inventory

Inventory consists of crude oil held in storage tanks and at third-party pipelines as part of our crude oil marketing and pipeline and storage operations. Crude oil inventory is carried at the lower of cost or net realizable value. At the end of each reporting period, we assess the carrying value of our inventory and make adjustments necessary to reduce the carrying value to the applicable net realizable value. Any resulting adjustments are a component of marketing costs and expenses or pipeline and storage costs and expenses on our unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations.

Property and Equipment

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment is recorded at cost. Expenditures for additions, improvements and other enhancements to property and equipment are capitalized, and minor replacements, maintenance and repairs that do not extend asset life or add value are charged to expense as incurred. When property and equipment assets are retired or otherwise disposed of, the related cost and accumulated depreciation is removed from the accounts and any resulting gain or loss is included in results of operations in operating costs and expenses for the respective period. Property and equipment, except for land, is depreciated using the straight-line method over the estimated average useful lives ranging from two to thirty-nine years.

We review our long-lived assets for impairment whenever there is evidence that the carrying value of these assets may not be recoverable. Any impairment recognized is permanent and may not be restored. Property and equipment is reviewed at the lowest level of identifiable cash flows. For property and equipment requiring impairment, the fair value is estimated based on an internal discounted cash flow model of future cash flows.

Stock-Based Compensation

Stock-Based Compensation

We measure all share-based payment awards, including the issuance of restricted stock unit awards and performance share unit awards to employees and board members, using a fair-value based method. The cost of services received from employees and non-employee board members in exchange for awards of equity instruments is recognized in the consolidated statements of operations based on the estimated fair value of those awards on the grant date and is amortized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period. The fair value of restricted stock unit awards and performance share unit awards is based on the closing price of our common stock on the grant date. We account for forfeitures as they occur.

Other Crude Oil Marketing Revenue

Other Crude Oil Marketing Revenue

Certain of the commodity purchase and sale contracts utilized by our crude oil marketing business qualify as derivative instruments with certain specifically identified contracts also designated as trading activity. From the time of contract origination, these contracts are marked-to-market and recorded on a net revenue basis in the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

Certain of our crude oil contracts may be with a single counterparty to provide for similar quantities of crude oil to be bought and sold at different locations. These contracts are entered into for a variety of reasons, including effecting the transportation of the commodity, to minimize credit exposure, and/or to meet the competitive demands of the customer. These buy/sell arrangements are reflected on a net revenue basis in the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Schedule of Cash and Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash

The following table provides a reconciliation of cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash as reported in the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets that totals to the amounts shown in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of cash flows at the dates indicated (in thousands):

	March 31,		December 31,
	2024		2023
Cash and cash equivalents	$	36,603	$	33,256
Restricted cash:
Collateral for outstanding letters of credit (1)	112		111
Captive insurance subsidiary (2)	11,552		11,879
Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash shown in the
unaudited condensed consolidated statements of cash flows	$	48,267	$	45,246

_____________

(1)Represents amounts that are held in a segregated bank account by Wells Fargo Bank as collateral for an outstanding letter of credit.

(2)$1.5 million of the restricted cash balance relates to the initial capitalization of our captive insurance company formed in late 2020, and the remainder primarily represents cash amounts held by our captive insurance company for insurance premiums.

Schedule of Common Stock Outstanding

The following table reconciles our outstanding common stock for the periods indicated:

	Common
	shares
Balance, January 1, 2024	2,547,154
Vesting of restricted stock unit awards (see Note 11)	19,334
Vesting of performance share unit awards (see Note 11)	6,318
Shares withheld to cover taxes upon vesting of equity awards	(6,157)
Balance, March 31, 2024	2,566,649

Schedule of Earnings Per Share, Basic and Diluted

A reconciliation of the calculation of basic and diluted earnings (losses) per share was as follows for the periods indicated (in thousands, except per share data):

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2024		2023
Earnings (Losses) per share — numerator:
Net losses	$	(498)	$	(1,999)
Denominator:
Basic weighted average number of shares outstanding	2,554		2,517
Basic net losses per share	$	(0.19)	$	(0.79)
Diluted earnings per share:
Diluted weighted average number of shares outstanding:
Common shares	2,554		2,517
Restricted stock unit awards (1)	—		—
Performance share unit awards (1) (2)	—		—
Total diluted shares	2,554		2,517
Diluted net losses per share	$	(0.19)	$	(0.79)

_______________

(1)For the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, the effect of the restricted stock unit awards and the performance share unit awards on losses per share was anti-dilutive.

(2)The dilutive effect of performance share awards is included in the calculation of diluted earnings per share when the performance share award performance conditions have been achieved.

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Revenue Recognition (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]

Schedule of Disaggregation of Revenue

The following table disaggregates our revenue by segment and by major source for the periods indicated (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2024		2023
Crude oil marketing:
Revenue from contracts with customers:
Goods transferred at a point in time	$	611,942	$	588,089
Services transferred over time	25		44
Total revenues from contracts with customers	611,967		588,133
Other (1)	11,857		20,343
Total crude oil marketing revenue	$	623,824	$	608,476
Transportation:
Revenue from contracts with customers:
Goods transferred at a point in time	$	—	$	—
Services transferred over time	23,231		26,445
Total revenues from contracts with customers	23,231		26,445
Other	—		—
Total transportation revenue	$	23,231	$	26,445
Pipeline and storage: (2)
Revenue from contracts with customers:
Goods transferred at a point in time	$	—	$	—
Services transferred over time	4		—
Total revenues from contracts with customers	4		—
Other	—		—
Total pipeline and storage revenue	$	4	$	—
Logistics and repurposing:
Revenue from contracts with customers:
Goods transferred at a point in time	$	6,557	$	8,154
Services transferred over time	7,434		7,087
Total revenues from contracts with customers	13,991		15,241
Other	—		—
Total logistics and repurposing revenue	$	13,991	$	15,241
Subtotal:
Total revenues from contracts with customers	$	649,193	$	629,819
Total other (1)	11,857		20,343
Total consolidated revenues	$	661,050	$	650,162

________________________

(1)Other crude oil marketing revenues are recognized under Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 815, Derivatives and Hedging, and ASC 845, Nonmonetary Transactions – Purchases and Sales of Inventory with the Same Counterparty.

(2)All pipeline and storage revenue earned during the three months ended March 31, 2023, and substantially all pipeline and storage revenue earned during the three months ended March 31, 2024, was from an affiliated shipper, GulfMark Energy, Inc. (“GulfMark”), our subsidiary, and eliminated in consolidation.

Schedule of New Accounting Pronouncements and Changes in Accounting Principles

Reporting these crude oil contracts on a gross revenue basis would increase our reported revenues as follows for the periods indicated (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2024		2023
Revenue gross-up	$	60,170	$	286,702

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Prepayments and Other Current Assets (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Deferred Costs, Capitalized, Prepaid, and Other Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Prepayments and Other Current Assets

The components of prepayments and other current assets were as follows at the dates indicated (in thousands):

	March 31,		December 31,
	2024		2023
Insurance premiums	$	711	$	798
Rents, licenses and other	1,827		2,305
Total prepayments and other current assets	$	2,538	$	3,103

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Property and Equipment (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]

Schedule of Property and Equipment

The historical costs of our property and equipment and related accumulated depreciation and amortization balances were as follows at the dates indicated (in thousands):

	Estimated
	Useful Life	March 31,		December 31,
	in Years	2024		2023
Tractors and trailers	5 – 6	$	119,818	$	119,265
Field equipment	2 – 5	24,952		25,024
Finance lease ROU assets (1)	3 – 6	35,881		35,724
Pipeline and related facilities	20 – 25	20,511		20,397
Linefill and base gas (2)	N/A	3,922		3,922
Buildings	5 – 39	17,066		17,089
Office equipment	2 – 5	3,000		3,000
Land	N/A	4,163		4,163
Construction in progress	N/A	4,656		3,385
Total		233,969		231,969
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization		(129,310)		(126,904)
Property and equipment, net		$	104,659	$	105,065

_______________

(1)Our finance lease right-of-use (“ROU)” assets arise from leasing arrangements for the right to use various classes of underlying assets including tractors, trailers and a tank storage and throughput arrangement (see Note 13 for further information). Accumulated amortization of the assets presented as “Finance lease ROU assets” was $12.8 million and $11.0 million at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.

(2)Linefill and base gas represents crude oil in the VEX pipeline and storage tanks we own, and the crude oil is recorded at historical cost.

Components of depreciation and amortization expense were as follows for the periods indicated (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2024		2023
Depreciation and amortization, excluding amounts under finance leases	$	4,059	$	4,824
Amortization of property and equipment under finance leases	1,874		1,775
Amortization of intangible assets	422		451
Total depreciation and amortization	$	6,355	$	7,050

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Other Assets (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Deferred Costs, Capitalized, Prepaid, and Other Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Other Assets

Components of other assets were as follows at the dates indicated (in thousands):

	March 31,		December 31,
	2024		2023
Insurance collateral deposits	$	605	$	605
State collateral deposits	23		23
Materials and supplies	948		1,050
Debt issuance costs	1,175		1,259
Other	373		371
Total other assets	$	3,124	$	3,308

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Segment Reporting (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Segment Reporting [Abstract]

Schedule of Information Concerning Business Activities

Financial information by reporting segment was as follows for the periods indicated (in thousands):

	Reporting Segments
	Crude oil marketing		Trans-portation		Pipeline and storage		Logistics and repurposing		Other		Total
Three Months Ended March 31, 2024
Segment revenues (1)	$	623,826	$	23,291	$	926	$	15,094	$	—	$	663,137
Less: Intersegment revenues (1)	(2)		(60)		(922)		(1,103)		—		(2,087)
Revenues	$	623,824	$	23,231	$	4	$	13,991	$	—	$	661,050
Segment operating earnings (losses) (2)	6,654		213		(963)		(1,484)		—		4,420
Depreciation and amortization	1,579		2,868		270		1,638		—		6,355
Property and equipment additions (3)	2,944		2,923		85		200		—		6,152
Three Months Ended March 31, 2023
Segment revenues (1)	$	608,476	$	26,530	$	809	$	16,747	$	—	$	652,562
Less: Intersegment revenues (1)	—		(85)		(809)		(1,506)		—		(2,400)
Revenues	$	608,476	$	26,445	$	—	$	15,241	$	—	$	650,162
Segment operating earnings (losses) (2)	1,907		901		(1,201)		535		—		2,142
Depreciation and amortization	2,075		3,131		263		1,581		—		7,050
Property and equipment additions (3)(4)	275		167		971		460		27		1,900

_______________

(1)Segment revenues include intersegment amounts that are eliminated due to consolidation in operating costs and expenses in our unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations. Intersegment activities are conducted at posted tariff rates where applicable, or otherwise at rates similar to those charged to third parties or rates that we believe approximate market at the time the agreement is executed.

(2)Our crude oil marketing segment’s operating earnings included inventory liquidation gains of $1.8 million and inventory valuation losses $1.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

(3)Our segment property and equipment additions do not include assets acquired under finance leases during the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023. See Note 13 for further information.

(4)Amounts included in property and equipment additions for Other are additions for computer equipment at our corporate headquarters, which were not attributed or allocated to any of our reporting segments.

Schedule of Reconciliation of Segment Earnings to Earnings Before Income Taxes

Segment operating earnings reflect revenues net of operating costs and depreciation and amortization expense and are reconciled to earnings (losses) before income taxes, as follows for the periods indicated (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2024		2023
Segment operating earnings	$	4,420	$	2,142
General and administrative	(4,781)		(4,772)
Operating losses	(361)		(2,630)
Interest and other income	561		204
Interest expense	(793)		(696)
Losses before income taxes	$	(593)	$	(3,122)

Schedule of Identifiable Assets by Industry Segment

Identifiable assets by business segment were as follows at the dates indicated (in thousands):

	March 31,		December 31,
	2024		2023
Reporting segment:
Crude oil marketing	$	211,951	$	185,285
Transportation	57,890		57,653
Pipeline and storage	25,262		25,027
Logistics and repurposing	42,981		43,258
Cash and other (1)	52,747		50,111
Total assets	$	390,831	$	361,334

_______________

(1)Other identifiable assets are primarily corporate cash, corporate accounts receivable, properties and operating lease right-of-use assets not identified with any specific segment of our business.

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Transactions with Affiliates (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Related Party Transactions [Abstract]

Schedule of Activities with Affiliates

Activities with affiliates were as follows for the periods indicated (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2024		2023
Billings to KSA and affiliates	$	—	$	5
Rentals paid to an affiliate of KSA	—		137
Payments to an affiliate of KSA for purchase of vehicles (1)	—		157
Rentals paid to affiliates of Scott Bosard (2)	144		140
Crude oil purchases from affiliate (3)	3,451		1,394

_______________

(1)Amounts paid to West Point Buick GMC were for the purchase of three pickup trucks during the three months ended March 31, 2023, and are net of trade-in values.

(2)In connection with the acquisition of Firebird and Phoenix on August 12, 2022, we entered into four operating lease agreements for office and terminal locations with entities owned by Scott Bosard, one of the sellers, for periods ranging from two to five years.

(3)From time to time, GulfMark purchases crude oil from Endeavor Natural Gas, L.P., of which a member of our Board of Directors is the Managing Partner.

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Other Current Liabilities (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Other Liabilities Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Other Current Liabilities

The components of other current liabilities were as follows at the dates indicated (in thousands):

	March 31,		December 31,
	2024		2023
Accrual for payroll, benefits and bonuses	$	4,790	$	5,684
Accrued automobile and workers’ compensation claims	6,351		5,804
Accrued medical claims	1,303		997
Accrued taxes	1,740		2,453
Other	1,308		1,212
Total other current liabilities	$	15,492	$	16,150

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Long-Term Debt (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Maturities of Long-Term Debt

The following table presents the scheduled maturities of principal amounts of our debt obligations at March 31, 2024 for the next five years, and in total thereafter (in thousands):

Remainder of 2024	$	1,875
2025	2,500
2026	2,500
2027	12,375
Total debt maturities	$	19,250

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Stock-Based Compensation Plan (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]

Schedule of Share-Based Payment Arrangement

Compensation expense recognized in connection with equity-based awards was as follows for the periods indicated (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2024		2023
Compensation expense	$	307	$	283

Schedule of Share-Based Compensation, Activity

The following table presents restricted stock unit award activity for the periods indicated:

		Weighted-
		Average Grant
	Number of	Date Fair Value
	Shares	per Share (1)
Restricted stock unit awards at January 1, 2024	58,587	$	41.16
Granted (2)	53,266	$	29.96
Vested	(19,334)	$	41.98
Forfeited	(1,459)	$	39.11
Restricted stock unit awards at March 31, 2024	91,060	$	34.47

_______________

(1)Determined by dividing the aggregate grant date fair value of awards by the number of awards issued.

(2)The aggregate grant date fair value of restricted stock unit awards issued during the first three months of 2024 was $1.6 million based on grant date market prices of our common shares ranging from $24.51 to $30.03 per share.

The following table presents performance share unit award activity for the periods indicated:

		Weighted-
		Average Grant
	Number of	Date Fair Value
	Shares	per Share (1)
Performance share unit awards at January 1, 2024	17,424	$	31.03
Granted (2)	29,546	$	30.01
Vested	(6,318)	$	29.70
Forfeited	(125)	$	30.99
Performance share unit awards at March 31, 2024	40,527	$	30.49

_______________

(1)Determined by dividing the aggregate grant date fair value of awards by the number of awards issued.

(2)The aggregate grant date fair value of performance share unit awards issued during the first three months of 2024 was $0.9 million based on grant date market prices of our common shares ranging from $24.58 to $30.03 per share and assuming a performance factor of 100 percent.

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Supplemental Cash Flow Information (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Supplemental Cash Flow Elements [Abstract]

Schedule of Supplemental Cash Flow Information

Supplemental cash flows and non-cash transactions were as follows for the periods indicated (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2024		2023
Cash paid for interest	$	765	$	636
Cash paid for federal and state income taxes	800		2
Non-cash transactions:
Change in accounts payable related to property and equipment additions	—		52
Property and equipment acquired under finance leases	—		9,007

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Leases (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Leases [Abstract]

Schedule of Lease, Cost

The following table provides the components of lease expense for the periods indicated (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2024		2023
Finance lease cost:
Amortization of ROU assets	$	1,874	$	1,774
Interest on lease liabilities	343		238
Operating lease cost	856		878
Short-term lease cost	3,475		3,698
Variable lease cost	21		5
Total lease expense	$	6,569	$	6,593

The following table provides supplemental cash flow and other information related to leases for the periods indicated (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2024		2023
Cash paid for amounts included in measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows from operating leases (1)	$	800	$	777
Operating cash flows from finance leases (1)	343		224
Financing cash flows from finance leases	1,553		1,576
ROU assets obtained in exchange for new lease liabilities:
Finance leases	—		9,007
Operating leases	296		401

______________

(1)Amounts are included in Other operating activities on the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of cash flows.

The following table provides the lease terms and discount rates for the periods indicated:

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2024	2023
Weighted-average remaining lease term (years):
Finance leases	3.36	3.89
Operating leases	2.80	3.32
Weighted-average discount rate:
Finance leases	5.6%	4.6%
Operating leases	4.5%	4.1%

Assets and Liabilities, Lessee

The following table provides supplemental balance sheet information related to leases at the dates indicated (in thousands):

	March 31,		December 31,
	2024		2023
Assets
Finance lease ROU assets (1)	$	23,039	$	24,681
Operating lease ROU assets	5,385		5,832
Liabilities
Current
Finance lease liabilities	6,251		6,206
Operating lease liabilities	2,508		2,829
Noncurrent
Finance lease liabilities	18,087		19,685
Operating lease liabilities	2,883		3,006

______________

(1)Amounts are included in Property and equipment, net on the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets.

Schedule of Lessee, Operating Lease, Liability, Maturity

The following table provides maturities of undiscounted lease liabilities at March 31, 2024 (in thousands):

	Finance		Operating
	Lease		Lease
Remainder of 2024	$	5,568	$	2,311
2025	7,284		1,395
2026	5,615		1,136
2027	6,047		615
2028	2,785		219
Thereafter	—		19
Total lease payments	27,299		5,695
Less: Interest	(2,961)		(304)
Present value of lease liabilities	24,338		5,391
Less: Current portion of lease obligation	(6,251)		(2,508)
Total long-term lease obligation	$	18,087	$	2,883

The following table provides maturities of undiscounted lease liabilities at December 31, 2023 (in thousands):

	Finance		Operating
	Lease		Lease
2024	$	7,463	$	3,009
2025	7,284		1,273
2026	5,615		1,047
2027	6,047		602
2028	2,789		219
Thereafter	—		18
Total lease payments	29,198		6,168
Less: Interest	(3,307)		(333)
Present value of lease liabilities	25,891		5,835
Less: Current portion of lease obligation	(6,206)		(2,829)
Total long-term lease obligation	$	19,685	$	3,006

Schedule of Finance Lease, Liability, Maturity

The following table provides maturities of undiscounted lease liabilities at March 31, 2024 (in thousands):

	Finance		Operating
	Lease		Lease
Remainder of 2024	$	5,568	$	2,311
2025	7,284		1,395
2026	5,615		1,136
2027	6,047		615
2028	2,785		219
Thereafter	—		19
Total lease payments	27,299		5,695
Less: Interest	(2,961)		(304)
Present value of lease liabilities	24,338		5,391
Less: Current portion of lease obligation	(6,251)		(2,508)
Total long-term lease obligation	$	18,087	$	2,883

The following table provides maturities of undiscounted lease liabilities at December 31, 2023 (in thousands):

	Finance		Operating
	Lease		Lease
2024	$	7,463	$	3,009
2025	7,284		1,273
2026	5,615		1,047
2027	6,047		602
2028	2,789		219
Thereafter	—		18
Total lease payments	29,198		6,168
Less: Interest	(3,307)		(333)
Present value of lease liabilities	25,891		5,835
Less: Current portion of lease obligation	(6,206)		(2,829)
Total long-term lease obligation	$	19,685	$	3,006

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Commitments and Contingencies (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Expenses and Losses Incurred but Not Reported

Our accruals for automobile, workers’ compensation and medical claims were as follows at the dates indicated (in thousands):

	March 31,		December 31,
	2024		2023
Accrued automobile and workers’ compensation claims	$	6,351	$	5,804
Accrued medical claims	1,303		997

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Organization and Basis of Presentation (Details)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024 segment state terminal
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]
Number of states in which entity operates | state	48
Number of terminals in which entity operates | terminal	16
Number of operating segments	4
Number of reportable segments	4

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Schedule of Cash and Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents Items [Line Items]
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 36,603	$ 33,256
Restricted cash	11,664	11,990
Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash shown in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of cash flows	48,267	45,246	$ 50,982	$ 31,067
Letter of Credit
Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents Items [Line Items]
Restricted cash	112	111
Captive Insurance Subsidiary
Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents Items [Line Items]
Restricted cash	11,552	$ 11,879
Initial Capitalization
Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents Items [Line Items]
Restricted cash	$ 1,500

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Schedule of Common Stock Outstanding (Details)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024 shares
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance (in shares)	2,547,154
Vesting of restricted stock unit awards (in shares)	19,334
Shares withheld to cover taxes upon vesting of equity awards (in shares)	(6,157)
Ending balance (in shares)	2,566,649
Performance Unit Awards
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Vesting of performance share unit awards (in shares)	6,318

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Schedule of Earnings Per Share, Basic and Diluted (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Earnings per share
Net losses	$ (498)	$ (1,999)
Basic weighted average number of shares outstanding (in shares)	2,554	2,517
Basic net losses per share (in dollars per share)	$ (0.19)	$ (0.79)
Diluted earnings per share:
Common shares (in shares)	2,554	2,517
Total diluted shares (in shares)	2,554	2,517
Diluted net losses per share (in dollars per share)	$ (0.19)	$ (0.79)
Restricted stock units awards
Diluted earnings per share:
Unit awards (in shares)	0	0
Performance share unit awards
Diluted earnings per share:
Unit awards (in shares)	0	0

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Fair Value Measurements (Details)	Mar. 31, 2024 contract
Hedging accounting
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosures [Line Items]
Number of contracts held	0

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Income Taxes and Property and Equipment (Details)	Mar. 31, 2024
Minimum
Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]
Property and equipment, useful life	2 years
Maximum
Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]
Property and equipment, useful life	39 years

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Revenue Recognition - Schedule of Revenue Disaggregation (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	$ 661,050	$ 650,162
Revenues from contracts with customers
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues from contracts with customers	649,193	629,819
Other
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues from contracts with customers	11,857	20,343
Crude oil marketing
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	623,824	608,476
Crude oil marketing | Revenues from contracts with customers
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues from contracts with customers	611,967	588,133
Crude oil marketing | Revenues from contracts with customers | Goods transferred at a point in time
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues from contracts with customers	611,942	588,089
Crude oil marketing | Revenues from contracts with customers | Services transferred over time
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues from contracts with customers	25	44
Crude oil marketing | Other
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues from contracts with customers	11,857	20,343
Trans-portation
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	23,231	26,445
Trans-portation | Revenues from contracts with customers
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues from contracts with customers	23,231	26,445
Trans-portation | Revenues from contracts with customers | Goods transferred at a point in time
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues from contracts with customers	0	0
Trans-portation | Revenues from contracts with customers | Services transferred over time
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues from contracts with customers	23,231	26,445
Trans-portation | Other
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues from contracts with customers	0	0
Pipeline and storage
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	4	0
Pipeline and storage | Revenues from contracts with customers
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues from contracts with customers	4	0
Pipeline and storage | Revenues from contracts with customers | Goods transferred at a point in time
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues from contracts with customers	0	0
Pipeline and storage | Revenues from contracts with customers | Services transferred over time
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues from contracts with customers	4	0
Pipeline and storage | Other
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues from contracts with customers	0	0
Logistics and repurposing
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	13,991	15,241
Logistics and repurposing | Revenues from contracts with customers
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues from contracts with customers	13,991	15,241
Logistics and repurposing | Revenues from contracts with customers | Goods transferred at a point in time
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues from contracts with customers	6,557	8,154
Logistics and repurposing | Revenues from contracts with customers | Services transferred over time
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues from contracts with customers	7,434	7,087
Logistics and repurposing | Other
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues from contracts with customers	$ 0	$ 0

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Revenue Recognition - Schedule of New Accounting Pronouncements and Changes in Accounting Principles (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]
Revenue gross-up	$ 60,170	$ 286,702

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Prepayments and Other Current Assets (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Deferred Costs, Capitalized, Prepaid, and Other Assets Disclosure [Abstract]
Insurance premiums	$ 711	$ 798
Rents, licenses and other	1,827	2,305
Total prepayments and other current assets	$ 2,538	$ 3,103

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Property and Equipment (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2023
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, gross	$ 233,969		$ 231,969
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization	(129,310)		(126,904)
Property and equipment, net	104,659		105,065
Finance lease ROU, accumulated amortization	12,800		11,000
Total depreciation and amortization	6,355	$ 7,050
Amortization of intangible assets	422	451
Depreciation and amortization, excluding amounts under finance leases
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Total depreciation and amortization	4,059	4,824
Amortization of property and equipment under finance leases
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Total depreciation and amortization	$ 1,874	$ 1,775
Minimum
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, useful life	2 years
Maximum
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, useful life	39 years
Tractors and trailers
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, gross	$ 119,818		119,265
Tractors and trailers | Minimum
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, useful life	5 years
Tractors and trailers | Maximum
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, useful life	6 years
Field equipment
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, gross	$ 24,952		25,024
Field equipment | Minimum
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, useful life	2 years
Field equipment | Maximum
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, useful life	5 years
Finance lease ROU assets
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, gross	$ 35,881		35,724
Finance lease ROU assets | Minimum
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, useful life	3 years
Finance lease ROU assets | Maximum
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, useful life	6 years
Pipeline and related facilities
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, gross	$ 20,511		20,397
Pipeline and related facilities | Minimum
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, useful life	20 years
Pipeline and related facilities | Maximum
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, useful life	25 years
Linefill and base gas
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, gross	$ 3,922		3,922
Buildings
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, gross	$ 17,066		17,089
Buildings | Minimum
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, useful life	5 years
Buildings | Maximum
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, useful life	39 years
Office equipment
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, gross	$ 3,000		3,000
Office equipment | Minimum
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, useful life	2 years
Office equipment | Maximum
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, useful life	5 years
Land
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, gross	$ 4,163		4,163
Construction in progress
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, gross	$ 4,656		$ 3,385

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Other Assets (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Deferred Costs, Capitalized, Prepaid, and Other Assets Disclosure [Abstract]
Insurance collateral deposits	$ 605	$ 605
State collateral deposits	23	23
Materials and supplies	948	1,050
Debt issuance costs	1,175	1,259
Other	373	371
Total other assets	$ 3,124	$ 3,308

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Segment Reporting - Schedule of Information Concerning Business Activities (Details) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024 USD ($) segment	Mar. 31, 2023 USD ($)
Segment Reporting [Abstract]
Number of reportable segments | segment	4
Number of operating segments | segment	4
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenues	$ 661,050	$ 650,162
Segment operating losses	(361)	(2,630)
Depreciation and amortization	6,355	7,050
Property and equipment additions	6,152	1,900
Crude oil marketing
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenues	623,824	608,476
Inventory liquidation gains (losses)	1,800	(1,000)
Trans-portation
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenues	23,231	26,445
Pipeline and storage
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenues	4	0
Logistics and repurposing
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenues	13,991	15,241
Operating segments
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenues	663,137	652,562
Segment operating losses	4,420	2,142
Operating segments | Crude oil marketing
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenues	623,826	608,476
Segment operating losses	6,654	1,907
Depreciation and amortization	1,579	2,075
Property and equipment additions	2,944	275
Operating segments | Trans-portation
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenues	23,291	26,530
Segment operating losses	213	901
Depreciation and amortization	2,868	3,131
Property and equipment additions	2,923	167
Operating segments | Pipeline and storage
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenues	926	809
Segment operating losses	(963)	(1,201)
Depreciation and amortization	270	263
Property and equipment additions	85	971
Operating segments | Logistics and repurposing
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenues	15,094	16,747
Segment operating losses	(1,484)	535
Depreciation and amortization	1,638	1,581
Property and equipment additions	200	460
Intersegment
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenues	(2,087)	(2,400)
Intersegment | Crude oil marketing
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenues	(2)	0
Intersegment | Trans-portation
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenues	(60)	(85)
Intersegment | Pipeline and storage
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenues	(922)	(809)
Intersegment | Logistics and repurposing
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenues	(1,103)	(1,506)
Other
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenues	0	0
Segment operating losses	0	0
Depreciation and amortization	0	0
Property and equipment additions	$ 0	$ 27

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Segment Reporting - Schedule of Reconciliation of Segment Earnings to Earnings Before Income Taxes (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Reconciliation of Operating Profit (Loss) from Segments to Consolidated [Abstract]
Operating losses	$ (361)	$ (2,630)
General and administrative	(4,781)	(4,772)
Interest and other income	561	204
Interest expense	(793)	(696)
Losses before income taxes	(593)	(3,122)
Operating segments
Reconciliation of Operating Profit (Loss) from Segments to Consolidated [Abstract]
Operating losses	4,420	2,142
General and administrative
Reconciliation of Operating Profit (Loss) from Segments to Consolidated [Abstract]
Operating losses	0	0
General and administrative	(4,781)	(4,772)
Segment reconciling items
Reconciliation of Operating Profit (Loss) from Segments to Consolidated [Abstract]
Interest and other income	561	204
Interest expense	$ (793)	$ (696)

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Segment Reporting - Schedule of Identifiable Assets by Industry Segment (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Segment Reconciliation [Abstract]
Total assets	$ 390,831	$ 361,334
Operating segments | Crude oil marketing
Segment Reconciliation [Abstract]
Total assets	211,951	185,285
Operating segments | Trans-portation
Segment Reconciliation [Abstract]
Total assets	57,890	57,653
Operating segments | Pipeline and storage
Segment Reconciliation [Abstract]
Total assets	25,262	25,027
Operating segments | Logistics and repurposing
Segment Reconciliation [Abstract]
Total assets	42,981	43,258
Cash and other
Segment Reconciliation [Abstract]
Total assets	$ 52,747	$ 50,111

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Transactions with Affiliates - Schedule of Activities with Affiliates (Details) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024 USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2023 USD ($) truck
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Billings to KSA and affiliates	$ 661,050	$ 650,162
Affiliated Entities
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Billings to KSA and affiliates	0	5
Affiliated Entities | Rentals paid to an affiliate of KSA
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Amounts of transaction	0	137
Affiliated Entities | Payments to an affiliate of KSA for purchase of vehicles
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Purchases from affiliated entity	0	157
Affiliated Entities | Rentals paid to affiliates of Scott Bosard
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Amounts of transaction	144	140
Affiliated Entities | Crude oil purchases from affiliate
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Purchases from affiliated entity	$ 3,451	$ 1,394
G M C
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Number of pickup tracks purchased | truck		3

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Transactions with Affiliates - Narrative (Details) - Firebird and Phoenix	Aug. 12, 2022 segment
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Number of operating lease aggrement	4
Minimum
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Term of contract	2 years
Maximum
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Term of contract	5 years

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Other Current Liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Other Liabilities Disclosure [Abstract]
Accrual for payroll, benefits and bonuses	$ 4,790	$ 5,684
Accrued automobile and workers’ compensation claims	6,351	5,804
Accrued medical claims	1,303	997
Accrued taxes	1,740	2,453
Other	1,308	1,212
Total other current liabilities	$ 15,492	$ 16,150

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Long-Term Debt - Narrative (Details)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024 USD ($)	Aug. 02, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Oct. 27, 2022 USD ($)
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Percentage of unusual and non recurring losses and expenses on Consolidated EBITDA		0.10
Long-term debt	$ 19,250,000
Revolving Credit Facility
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Maximum borrowing amount				$ 60,000,000
Leverage ratio			2.50
Asset coverage ratio			2.00
Coverage ratio			1.25
Weighted average interest rate	7.67%
Letters of credit outstanding	$ 13,000,000
Borrowings outstanding	$ 0
Letter of Credit
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Commitment fee percentage	2.50%
Secured Debt | Term Loan
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Debt instrument, face amount				$ 25,000,000
Long-term debt	$ 19,300,000

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Long-Term Debt - Schedule of Maturities of Long-Term Debt (Details) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2024 USD ($)
Debt Disclosure [Abstract]
Remainder of 2024	$ 1,875
2025	2,500
2026	2,500
2027	12,375
Long-term debt	$ 19,250

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Stock-Based Compensation Plan - Narrative (Details) - The 2018 LTIP - USD ($) $ in Millions	1 Months Ended	3 Months Ended
	May 31, 2022	Mar. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Additional shares authorized (in shares)	150,000
Number of shares authorized (in shares)	300,000	39,115
Accrued dividends		$ 0.1	$ 0.1
Restricted stock units awards
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Unrecognized compensation cost		$ 1.9
Period for recognition for remaining compensation cost		1 year 9 months 18 days
Performance Unit Awards
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Unrecognized compensation cost		$ 1.0
Period for recognition for remaining compensation cost		2 years 8 months 12 days

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Stock-Based Compensation Plan - Share-Based Payment Arrangement (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Text Block [Abstract]
Compensation expense	$ 307	$ 283

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Stock-Based Compensation Plan - Schedule of Share-Based Compensation Activity, Payment Arrangement (Details) $ / shares in Units, $ in Millions	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024 USD ($) $ / shares shares
Restricted stock units awards
Number of Shares
Unit awards, beginning balance (in shares) | shares	58,587
Vested (in shares) | shares	(19,334)
Forfeited (in shares) | shares	(1,459)
Unit awards, ending balance (in shares) | shares	91,060
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value per Share
Unit awards, beginning balance (in dollars per share)	$ 41.16
Vested (in dollars per share)	41.98
Forfeited (in dollars per share)	39.11
Unit awards, ending balance (in dollars per share)	$ 34.47
The 2018 LTIP | Restricted stock units awards
Number of Shares
Granted (in shares) | shares	53,266
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value per Share
Granted (in dollars per share)	$ 29.96
Aggregate grant date fair value awards issues | $	$ 1.6
The 2018 LTIP | Restricted stock units awards | Minimum
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value per Share
Granted (in dollars per share)	$ 24.51
The 2018 LTIP | Restricted stock units awards | Maximum
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value per Share
Granted (in dollars per share)	$ 30.03
The 2018 LTIP | Performance share unit awards
Number of Shares
Unit awards, beginning balance (in shares) | shares	17,424
Granted (in shares) | shares	29,546
Vested (in shares) | shares	(6,318)
Forfeited (in shares) | shares	(125)
Unit awards, ending balance (in shares) | shares	40,527
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value per Share
Unit awards, beginning balance (in dollars per share)	$ 31.03
Granted (in dollars per share)	30.01
Vested (in dollars per share)	29.70
Forfeited (in dollars per share)	30.99
Unit awards, ending balance (in dollars per share)	$ 30.49
Aggregate grant date fair value awards issues | $	$ 0.9
Performance factor	100.00%
The 2018 LTIP | Performance share unit awards | Minimum
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value per Share
Granted (in dollars per share)	$ 24.58
The 2018 LTIP | Performance share unit awards | Maximum
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value per Share
Granted (in dollars per share)	$ 30.03

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Supplemental Cash Flow Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Supplemental Cash Flow Elements [Abstract]
Cash paid for interest	$ 765	$ 636
Cash paid for federal and state income taxes	800	2
Non-cash transactions:
Change in accounts payable related to property and equipment additions	0	52
Property and equipment acquired under finance leases	$ 0	$ 9,007

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Leases - Schedule of Components of Lease Expense (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Leases [Abstract]
Amortization of ROU assets	$ 1,874	$ 1,774
Interest on lease liabilities	343	238
Operating lease cost	856	878
Short-term lease cost	3,475	3,698
Variable lease cost	21	5
Total lease expense	$ 6,569	$ 6,593

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Leases - Schedule of Supplemental Cash Flow and Other Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Cash paid for amounts included in measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows from operating leases	$ 800	$ 777
Operating cash flows from finance leases	343	224
Financing cash flows from finance leases	1,553	1,576
ROU assets obtained in exchange for new lease liabilities:
ROU assets obtained in exchange for new lease liabilities, Finance leases	0	9,007
ROU assets obtained in exchange for new lease liabilities, Operating leases	$ 296	$ 401

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Leases - Schedule of Lease Terms and Discount Rates (Details)	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Weighted-average remaining lease term (years):
Finance leases	3 years 4 months 9 days	3 years 10 months 20 days
Operating leases	2 years 9 months 18 days	3 years 3 months 25 days
Weighted-average discount rate:
Finance leases	5.60%	4.60%
Operating leases	4.50%	4.10%

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Leases - Schedule of Supplemental Balance Sheet Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Leases [Abstract]
Finance lease ROU assets	$ 23,039	$ 24,681
Operating lease ROU assets	5,385	5,832
Finance lease liabilities	6,251	6,206
Operating lease liabilities	2,508	2,829
Finance lease liabilities	18,087	19,685
Operating lease liabilities	$ 2,883	$ 3,006

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Leases - Schedule of Maturities of Undiscounted Lease Liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Finance Lease Liabilities, Payments
Remainder of 2024	$ 5,568
2025	7,284	$ 7,463
2026	5,615	7,284
2027	6,047	5,615
2028	2,785	6,047
Thereafter	0
Thereafter		0
Total lease payments	27,299	29,198
Less: Interest	(2,961)	(3,307)
Present value of lease liabilities	24,338	25,891
Less: Current portion of lease obligation	(6,251)	(6,206)
Total long-term lease obligation	18,087	19,685
Operating Lease Liabilities, Payments Due
Remainder of 2024	2,311
2025	1,395	3,009
2026	1,136	1,273
2027	615	1,047
2028	219	602
Thereafter	19
Thereafter		18
Total lease payments	5,695	6,168
Less: Interest	(304)	(333)
Present value of lease liabilities	5,391	5,835
Less: Current portion of lease obligation	(2,508)	(2,829)
Total long-term lease obligation	$ 2,883	3,006
Finance lease, year five		2,789
Operating lease, year five		$ 219

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Commitments and Contingencies - Narrative (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Oct. 01, 2023	Sep. 30, 2023
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
Self-insured retention		$ 1,500,000	$ 1,000,000
Umbrellas insurance coverage	$ 1,300,000
Aggregate medical claims for umbrella insurance coverage per calendar year	$ 11,300,000

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Commitments and Contingencies - Schedule of Expenses and Losses Incurred but Not Reported (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
Accrued automobile and workers’ compensation claims	$ 6,351	$ 5,804
Accrued medical claims	$ 1,303	$ 997