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Share - Based Compensation
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2012
Share-Based Compensation [Abstract]  
Share Based Compensation

Note 3: Share-Based Compensation

Share-based compensation expense includes restricted stock, restricted stock units, stock options, stock appreciation rights, performance share units and deferred income plan stock unit awards. The compensation expense we recorded in net income for our share-based compensation plans is as follows:

 

                 
    Three Months
Ended
 

(In millions)

  March 31,
2012
    April 2,
2011
 

Compensation expense

  $ 46     $ 36  

Income tax benefit

    (17     (13
   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total net compensation cost included in net income

  $ 29     $ 23  
   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Stock Options

The stock option compensation cost calculated under the fair value approach is recognized over the vesting period of the stock options. The weighted-average fair value of options granted per share was $10 in both the first quarter of 2012 and 2011. We estimate the fair value of options granted on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. Expected volatilities are based on implied volatilities from traded options on our common stock, historical volatilities and other factors. We use historical data to estimate option exercise behavior, adjusted to reflect anticipated changes in expected life. The weighted-average assumptions used in our Black-Scholes option-pricing model for awards issued during the respective periods are as follows:

 

                 
    Three Months
Ended
 
    March 31,
2012
    April 2,
2011
 

Dividend yield

    0.3     0.3

Expected volatility

    40.0     38.0

Risk-free interest rate

    0.8     2.4

Expected lives (in years)

    5.5       5.5  

At March 31, 2012, our outstanding and exercisable options had an aggregate intrinsic value of $33 million and $26 million, respectively. Stock option activity for the first quarter of 2012 is as follows:

 

                         
    Number of
Options
(In thousands)
    Weighted-
Average
Exercise
Price
    Weighted-
Average
Remaining
Contractual
Life
(In years)
 

Outstanding at beginning of period

    8,860     $ 27.68       6  

Granted

    3,008       27.76          

Exercised

    (594     (18.70        

Canceled, expired or forfeited

    (396     (27.96        
   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Outstanding at end of period

    10,878     $ 28.18       7  
   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Exercisable at end of period

    5,513     $ 29.36       5  
   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Restricted Stock Units

The 2012 activity for restricted stock units payable in stock and for restricted stock units payable in cash is provided below:

 

                                 
    Units Payable in Stock     Units Payable in Cash  

(Shares in thousands)

  Number of
Shares
    Weighted-
Average Grant
Date Fair Value
    Number of
Shares
    Weighted-
Average Grant
Date Fair Value
 

Outstanding at beginning of year, nonvested

    638     $ 35.53       2,927     $ 17.33  

Granted

    367       27.54       808       27.74  

Vested

    (218     (37.89     (801     (15.00

Forfeited

    (13     (33.19     (73     (19.24
   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Outstanding at end of period, nonvested

    774     $ 31.12       2,861     $ 20.88  
   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

Performance Share Units

The fair value of share-based compensation awards accounted for as liabilities includes performance share units. The fair value of these awards is based on the trading price of our common stock, less adjustments to reflect that dividends are not paid on these awards, and is remeasured at each reporting period date. The 2012 activity for our performance share units is as follows:

 

                 

(Shares in thousands)

  Number of
Shares
    Weighted-
Average  Grant
Date Fair Value
 

Outstanding at beginning of year, nonvested

    859     $ 22.98  

Granted

    535       27.76  

Forfeited

    (53     (22.62
   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Outstanding at end of period, nonvested

    1,341     $ 24.90  
   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Share-Based Compensation Awards

The value of the share-based compensation awards that vested and/or were paid during the respective periods is as follows:

 

                 
    Three Months Ended  

(In millions)

  March 31,
2012
    April 2,
2011
 

Subject only to service conditions:

               

Value of awards vested

  $ 30     $ 34  

Intrinsic value of cash awards paid

    21       20  

Subject to performance conditions:

               

Intrinsic value of cash awards paid

    51       1