Note 5. Accounts Receivable and Finance Receivables

Accounts Receivable

Accounts receivable is composed of the following:

(In millions)	June 28, 2014			December 28, 2013
Commercial	$	900		$	654
U.S. Government contracts	325			347
	1,225			1,001
Allowance for doubtful accounts	(25		)	(22		)
Total	$	1,200		$	979

We have unbillable receivables, primarily on U.S. Government contracts, that arise when the revenues we have appropriately recognized based on performance cannot be billed yet under terms of the contract. Unbillable receivables within accounts receivable totaled $146 million at June 28, 2014 and $163 million at December 28, 2013.

Finance Receivables

Finance receivables by classification are presented in the following table:

(In millions)	June 28, 2014			December 28, 2013
Finance receivables held for investment	$	1,384		$	1,483
Allowance for losses	(54		)	(55		)
Total finance receivables held for investment, net	1,330			1,428
Finance receivables held for sale	37			65
Total finance receivables, net	$	1,367		$	1,493

Credit Quality Indicators and Nonaccrual Finance Receivables

We internally assess the quality of our finance receivables based on a number of key credit quality indicators and statistics such as delinquency, loan balance to estimated collateral value and the financial strength of individual borrowers and guarantors. Because many of these indicators are difficult to apply across an entire class of receivables, we evaluate individual loans on a quarterly basis and classify these loans into three categories based on the key credit quality indicators for the individual loan. These three categories are performing, watchlist and nonaccrual.

We classify finance receivables as nonaccrual if credit quality indicators suggest full collection of principal and interest is doubtful. In addition, we automatically classify accounts as nonaccrual once they are contractually delinquent by more than three months unless collection of principal and interest is not doubtful. Recognition of interest income is suspended for these accounts and all cash collections are used to reduce the net investment balance. We resume the accrual of interest when the loan becomes contractually current through payment according to the original terms of the loan or, if a loan has been modified, following a period of performance under the terms of the modification, provided we conclude that collection of all principal and interest is no longer doubtful. Previously suspended interest income is recognized at that time. Accounts are classified as watchlist when credit quality indicators have deteriorated as compared with typical underwriting criteria, and we believe collection of full principal and interest is probable but not certain. All other finance receivables that do not meet the watchlist or nonaccrual categories are classified as performing.

A summary of finance receivables categorized based on the credit quality indicators discussed above is as follows:

(In millions)	June 28, 2014			December 28, 2013
Performing	$	1,176		$	1,285
Watchlist	120			93
Nonaccrual	88			105
Total	$	1,384		$	1,483
Nonaccrual as a percentage of total finance receivables	6.36		%	7.08		%

We measure delinquency based on the contractual payment terms of our loans and leases. In determining the delinquency aging category of an account, any/all principal and interest received is applied to the most past-due principal and/or interest amounts due. If a significant portion of the contractually due payment is delinquent, the entire finance receivable balance is reported in accordance with the most past-due delinquency aging category.

Finance receivables by delinquency aging category are summarized in the table below:

(In millions)	June 28, 2014		December 28, 2013
Less than 31 days past due	$	1,201	$	1,295
31-60 days past due	87		108
61-90 days past due	76		37
Over 90 days past due	20		43
Total	$	1,384	$	1,483

There were no significant accrual status loans greater than 90 days past due at June 28, 2014. Accrual status loans that were greater than 90 days past due totaled $5 million at December 28, 2013. At June 28, 2014 and December 28, 2013, 60+ days contractual delinquency as a percentage of finance receivables was 6.94% and 5.39%, respectively.

Loan Modifications

Troubled debt restructurings occur when we have either modified the contract terms of finance receivables for borrowers experiencing financial difficulties or accepted a transfer of assets in full or partial satisfaction of the loan balance. The types of modifications we typically make include extensions of the original maturity date of the contract, delays in the timing of required principal payments and deferrals of interest payments. The changes effected by modifications made during the first half of 2014 and 2013 to finance receivables were not material.

Impaired Loans

On a quarterly basis, we evaluate individual finance receivables for impairment in non-homogeneous portfolios and larger balance accounts in homogeneous loan portfolios. A finance receivable is considered impaired when it is probable that we will be unable to collect all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement based on our review of the credit quality indicators discussed above. Impaired finance receivables include both nonaccrual accounts and accounts for which full collection of principal and interest remains probable, but the account’s original terms have been, or are expected to be, significantly modified. If the modification specifies an interest rate equal to or greater than a market rate for a finance receivable with comparable risk, the account is not considered impaired in years subsequent to the modification. Interest income recognized on impaired loans was not significant in the first half of 2014 or 2013.

A summary of impaired finance receivables, excluding leveraged leases, and the average recorded investment is provided below:

(In millions)	June 28, 2014		December 28, 2013
Recorded investment:
Impaired loans with related allowance for losses	$	66	$	59
Impaired loans with no related allowance for losses	34		78
Total	$	100	$	137
Unpaid principal balance	$	104	$	141
Allowance for losses on impaired loans	18		14
Average recorded investment	111		155

A summary of the allowance for losses on finance receivables that are evaluated on an individual basis and on a collective basis is provided below. The finance receivables included in the table below excludes leveraged leases in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles.

(In millions)	June 28, 2014		December 28, 2013
Allowance based on collective evaluation	$	36	$	41
Allowance based on individual evaluation	18		14
Finance receivables evaluated collectively	$	1,164	$	1,226
Finance receivables evaluated individually	100		137

Allowance for Losses

We maintain the allowance for losses on finance receivables at a level considered adequate to cover inherent losses in the portfolio based on management’s evaluation. For larger balance accounts specifically identified as impaired, a reserve is established based on comparing the expected future cash flows, discounted at the finance receivable’s effective interest rate, or the fair value of the underlying collateral if the finance receivable is collateral dependent, to its carrying amount. The expected future cash flows consider collateral value; financial performance and liquidity of our borrower; existence and financial strength of guarantors; estimated recovery costs, including legal expenses; and costs associated with the repossession and eventual disposal of collateral. When there is a range of potential outcomes, we perform multiple discounted cash flow analyses and weight the potential outcomes based on their relative likelihood of occurrence. The evaluation of our portfolio is inherently subjective, as it requires estimates, including the amount and timing of future cash flows expected to be received on impaired finance receivables and the estimated fair value of the underlying collateral, which may differ from actual results. While our analysis is specific to each individual account, critical factors included in this analysis are industry valuation guides, age and physical condition of the collateral, payment history and existence and financial strength of guarantors.

We also establish an allowance for losses to cover probable but specifically unknown losses existing in the portfolio. The allowance is established as a percentage of non-recourse finance receivables, which have not been identified as requiring specific reserves. The percentage is based on a combination of factors, including historical loss experience, current delinquency and default trends, collateral values and both general economic and specific industry trends. Finance receivables are charged off at the earlier of the date the collateral is repossessed or when no payment has been received for six months, unless management deems the receivable collectible.

A rollforward of the allowance for losses on finance receivables is provided below:

	Six Months Ended
(In millions)	June 28, 2014			June 29, 2013
Balance at the beginning of period	$	55		$	84
Provision for losses	6			(16		)
Charge-offs	(10		)	(8		)
Recoveries	3			7
Balance at the end of period	$	54		$	67