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Accounting Policies (Policies)
9 Months Ended
Oct. 01, 2011
Accounting Policies [Abstract] 
Earnings Per Share
We calculate basic and diluted earnings per share (EPS) based on net income, which approximates income available to common shareholders for each period. Basic earnings per share is calculated using the two-class method, which includes the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period and restricted stock units to be paid in stock that are deemed participating securities as they provide nonforfeitable rights to dividends. Diluted earnings per share considers the dilutive effect of all potential future common stock, including stock options, restricted stock units and the shares that could be issued upon the conversion of our convertible notes and upon the exercise of the related warrants. The convertible note call options purchased in connection with the issuance of the convertible notes are excluded from the calculation of diluted EPS as their impact is always anti-dilutive.
Credit Quality Indicators and Nonaccrual Finance Receivables
We internally assess the quality of our finance receivables held for investment portfolio based on a number of key credit quality indicators and statistics such as delinquency, loan balance to collateral value, the liquidity position of individual borrowers and guarantors, debt service coverage in the golf mortgage product line and default rates of our notes receivable collateral in the timeshare product line. Because many of these indicators are difficult to apply across an entire class of receivables, we evaluate individual loans on a quarterly basis and classify these loans into three categories based on the key credit quality indicators for the individual loan. These three categories are performing, watchlist and nonaccrual.
We classify finance receivables held for investment as nonaccrual if credit quality indicators suggest full collection is doubtful. In addition, we automatically classify accounts as nonaccrual that are contractually delinquent by more than three months unless collection is not doubtful. Cash payments on nonaccrual accounts, including finance charges, generally are applied to reduce the net investment balance. We resume the accrual of interest when the loan becomes contractually current through payment according to the original terms of the loan or, if a loan has been modified, following a period of performance under the terms of the modification, provided we conclude that collection of all principal and interest is no longer doubtful. Previously suspended interest income is recognized at that time.
Accounts are classified as watchlist when credit quality indicators have deteriorated as compared with typical underwriting criteria, and we believe collection of full principal and interest is probable but not certain. All other finance receivables held for investment that do not meet the watchlist or nonaccrual categories are classified as performing.
Impaired Loan
We evaluate individual finance receivables held for investment in non-homogeneous portfolios and larger accounts in homogeneous loan portfolios for impairment on a quarterly basis. Finance receivables classified as held for sale are reflected at the lower of cost or fair value and are excluded from these evaluations. A finance receivable is considered impaired when it is probable that we will be unable to collect all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement based on our review of the credit quality indicators discussed above. Impaired finance receivables include both nonaccrual accounts and accounts for which full collection of principal and interest remains probable, but the account’s original terms have been, or are expected to be, significantly modified. If the modification specifies an interest rate equal to or greater than a market rate for a finance receivable with comparable risk, the account is not considered impaired in years subsequent to the modification. There was no significant interest income recognized on impaired loans in the first nine months of 2011 or 2010.
Troubled Debt
Troubled debt restructurings occur when we have either modified the contract terms of finance receivables held for investment for borrowers experiencing financial difficulties or accepted a transfer of assets in full or partial satisfaction of the loan balance. Modifications often arise in the golf mortgage and timeshare product lines as a result of the lack of financing available to borrowers in these industries. Loans in our golf mortgage product line are typically structured with amortization periods between 20 and 30 years and contractual maturities of between 5 and 10 years, resulting in a significant balloon payment. We modify a significant portion of these loans at, or near the maturity date as a result of this structure.
The types of modifications we typically make include extensions of the original maturity date of the contract, extensions of revolving borrowing periods, delays in the timing of required principal payments, deferrals of interest payments, advances to protect the value of our collateral and principal reductions contingent on full repayment prior to the maturity date.
Allowance for Losses
We maintain the allowance for losses on finance receivables held for investment at a level considered adequate to cover inherent losses in the portfolio based on management’s evaluation and analysis by product line. For larger balance accounts specifically identified as impaired, including large accounts in homogeneous portfolios, a reserve is established based on comparing the carrying value with either a) the expected future cash flows, discounted at the finance receivable’s effective interest rate; or b) the fair value, if the finance receivable is collateral dependent. The expected future cash flows consider collateral value; financial performance and liquidity of our borrower; existence and financial strength of guarantors; estimated recovery costs, including legal expenses; and costs associated with the repossession/foreclosure and eventual disposal of collateral. When there is a range of potential outcomes, we perform multiple discounted cash flow analyses and weight the potential outcomes based on their relative likelihood of occurrence using the probability-weighted approach.
The evaluation of our portfolios is inherently subjective as it requires estimates. These estimates include the amount and timing of future cash flows expected to be received on impaired finance receivables and the underlying collateral, which may differ from actual results. While our analysis is specific to each individual account, the most critical factors included in this analysis vary by product line. For the aviation product line, these factors include industry valuation guides, physical condition of the aircraft, payment history, and existence and financial strength of guarantors. For the golf equipment line, the critical factors are the age and condition of the collateral, while the factors for the golf mortgage line include historical golf course, hotel or marina cash flow performance; estimates of golf rounds and price per round or occupancy and room rates; market discount and capitalization rates; and existence and financial strength of guarantors. For the timeshare product line, the critical factors are the historical performance of consumer notes receivable collateral, real estate valuations, operating expenses of the borrower, the impact of bankruptcy court rulings on the value of the collateral, legal and other professional expenses and borrower’s access to capital.
We also establish an allowance for losses by product line to cover probable but specifically unknown losses existing in the portfolio. For homogeneous portfolios, including the aviation and golf equipment product lines, the allowance is established as a percentage of non-recourse finance receivables, which have not been identified as requiring specific reserves. The percentage is based on a combination of factors, including historical loss experience, current delinquency and default trends, collateral values, and both general economic and specific industry trends. For non-homogeneous portfolios, including the golf mortgage and timeshare product lines, the allowance is established as a percentage of watchlist balances, as defined on page 10, which represents a combination of assumed default likelihood and loss severity based on historical experience, industry trends and collateral values. In establishing our allowance for losses to cover accounts not specifically identified, the most critical factors for the aviation product line include the collateral value of the portfolio, historical default experience and delinquency trends; for golf equipment, factors considered include historical loss experience and delinquency trends; and for golf mortgage, factors include an evaluation of individual loan credit quality indicators such as delinquency, loan balance to collateral value, debt service coverage, existence and financial strength of guarantors, historical progression from watchlist to nonaccrual status and historical loss severity. For the timeshare product line, we evaluate individual loan credit quality indicators such as borrowing base shortfalls for revolving notes receivable facilities, default rates of our notes receivable collateral, borrower’s access to capital, historical progression from watchlist to nonaccrual status and estimates of loss severity based on analysis of impaired loans in the product line.
Finance receivables held for investment are written down to the fair value (less estimated costs to sell) of the related collateral at the earlier of the date when the collateral is repossessed or when no payment has been received for six months unless management deems the receivable collectable. Finance receivables are charged off when the remaining balance is deemed to be uncollectible.