Description of Business, Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies	12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2019
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]
Description of Business, Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies	DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS, BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES Description of Business ITT Inc. is a diversified manufacturer of highly engineered critical components and customized technology solutions for the transportation, industrial, and oil and gas markets. Unless the context otherwise indicates, references herein to "ITT," "the Company," and such words as "we," "us," and "our" include ITT Inc. and its subsidiaries. ITT operates in three segments: Motion Technologies, consisting of friction and shock and vibration equipment; Industrial Process, consisting of industrial flow equipment and services; and Connect & Control Technologies, consisting of electronic connectors, fluid handling, motion control, composite materials, and noise and energy absorption products. Financial information for our segments is presented in Note 3, Segment Information. Basis of Presentation The Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes thereto were prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (GAAP). The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Estimates are revised as additional information becomes available. Estimates and assumptions are used for, but not limited to, asbestos-related liabilities and recoveries from insurers, revenue recognition, unrecognized tax benefits, deferred tax valuation allowances, projected benefit obligations for postretirement plans, accounting for business combinations, goodwill and other intangible asset impairment testing, environmental liabilities, allowance for doubtful accounts and inventory valuation. Actual results could differ from these estimates. Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current year presentation. Significant Accounting Policies Principles of Consolidation Our consolidated financial statements include the accounts of all majority-owned subsidiaries. ITT consolidates companies in which it has a controlling financial interest or when ITT is considered the primary beneficiary of a variable interest entity. We account for investments in companies over which we have the ability to exercise significant influence, but do not hold a controlling interest under the equity method, and we record our proportionate share of income or losses in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. The results of companies acquired or disposed of during the fiscal year are included in the Consolidated Financial Statements from the effective date of acquisition or up to the date of disposal. All intercompany transactions have been eliminated. Revenue Recognition Revenue is derived from the sale of products and services to customers. We recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which we expect to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. For product sales, we consider practical and contractual limitations in determining whether there is an alternative use for the product. For example, long-term design and build contracts are typically highly customized to a customer’s specifications. For contracts with no alternative use and an enforceable right to payment for work performed to date, including a reasonable profit if the contract were terminated at the customer’s convenience for reason other than nonperformance, we recognize revenue over time. All other product sales are recognized at a point in time. For contracts recognized over time, we use the cost-to-total cost method or the units of delivery method, depending on the nature of the contract, including length of production time. For contracts recognized at a point in time, we recognize revenue when control passes to the customer, which is generally based on shipping terms that address when title and risk and rewards pass to the customer. However, we also consider certain customer acceptance provisions as certain contracts with customers include installation, testing, certification or other acceptance provisions. In instances where contractual terms include a provision for customer acceptance, we consider whether we have previously demonstrated that the product meets objective criteria specified by either the seller or customer in assessing whether control has passed to the customer. For service contracts, we recognize revenue as the services are rendered if the customer is benefiting from the service as it is performed, or otherwise upon completion of the service. Separately priced extended warranties are recognized as a separate performance obligation over the warranty period. The transaction price in our contracts consists of fixed consideration and the impact of variable consideration including returns, rebates and allowances, and penalties. Variable consideration is generally estimated using a probability-weighted approach based on historical experience, known trends, and current factors including market conditions and status of negotiations. When there is more than one performance obligation, the transaction price is allocated to the performance obligations based on the relative estimated standalone selling prices. If not sold separately, estimated standalone selling prices are determined considering various factors including market and pricing trends, geography, product customization, and profit objectives. Revenue is recognized when the appropriate revenue recognition criteria for the individual performance obligations have been satisfied. Revenue is reported net of any required taxes collected from customers and remitted to government authorities, with the collected taxes recorded as current liabilities until remitted to the relevant government authority. Shipping and handling activities are accounted for as activities to fulfill a promise to transfer a product to a customer. As such, shipping and handling activities are not evaluated as a separate performance qualification. For most contracts, payment is due from the customer within 30 to 90 days after the product is delivered or the service has been performed. For design and build contracts, we generally collect progress payments from the customer throughout the term of the contract, resulting in contract assets or liabilities depending on the timing of the payments. Contract assets consist of unbilled amounts when revenue recognized exceeds customer billings. Contract liabilities consist of advance payments and billings in excess of revenue recognized. Design and engineering costs for highly complex products to be sold under a long-term production-type contract are capitalized and amortized in a manner consistent with revenue recognition of the related contract or anticipated contract. Other design and development costs are capitalized only if there is a contractual guarantee for reimbursement. Costs to obtain a contract (e.g., commissions) for contracts greater than one year are capitalized and amortized in a manner consistent with revenue recognition of the related contract. Product Warranties Our standard product warranty terms generally include post-sales support and repairs or replacement of a product at no additional charge for a specified period of time. Accruals for estimated expenses related to product warranties are made at the time revenue is recognized and are recorded as a component of costs of revenue. We estimate the liability for warranty claims based on our standard warranties, the historical frequency of claims and the cost to replace or repair our products under warranty. Factors that influence our warranty liability include the number of units sold, the length of warranty term, historical and anticipated rates of warranty claims and the cost per claim. Asbestos-Related Liabilities and Assets Our subsidiaries, including ITT LLC and Goulds Pumps LLC, have been named as a defendant in numerous product liability lawsuits alleging personal injury due to asbestos exposure. We accrue the estimated value of pending claims and unasserted claims estimated to be filed over the next 10 years, including legal fees, on an undiscounted basis, due to the inability to reliably forecast the timing of future cash flows. Assumptions utilized in estimating the liability for both pending and unasserted claims include: disease type, average settlement costs, percentage of claims settled or dismissed, the number of claims estimated to be filed against the Company in the future, and the costs to defend such claims. The Company has also recorded an asbestos-related asset composed of insurance receivables. The asbestos-related asset represents our best estimate of probable recoveries from third parties for pending claims, and unasserted claims estimated to be filed over the next 10 years. In developing this estimate, the Company considers coverage-in-place and other settlement agreements with its insurers, a review of expected levels of future recoveries, the financial viability of the insurance companies, the method by which losses will be allocated to the various insurance policies and the years covered by those policies, and the interpretation of the various policy and contract terms and limits and their interrelationships. Consistent with the asbestos liability, the asbestos-related asset has not been discounted to present value due to the inability to reliably forecast the timing of future cash flows. Under coverage-in-place agreements, an insurer’s policies remain in force and the insurer undertakes to provide coverage for the Company’s pending and future asbestos claims on specified terms and conditions. Insurance payments under coverage-in-place agreements are made to the Company as asbestos claims are settled or adjudicated. The Company’s buyout agreements provide an agreed upon amount of available coverage for future asbestos claims under the subject policies to be paid to a Qualified Settlement Fund (QSF) on a specific schedule as agreed upon by the Company and its insurer. However, assets in the QSF are only available and distributed when qualifying asbestos expenditures are submitted for reimbursement as defined in the QSF agreement. Therefore, recovery of insurance reimbursements under these types of agreements is dependent on the timing of the payment of the liability and, consistent with the asbestos liability, have not been discounted to present value. In the third quarter each year we conduct an asbestos remeasurement with the assistance of outside consultants to review and update, as appropriate, the underlying assumptions used to estimate our asbestos liability and related assets, including a reassessment of the time horizon over which a reasonable estimate of unasserted claims can be projected. In addition, as part of our ongoing review of our net asbestos exposure, each quarter we assess the most recent data available for the key inputs and assumptions, comparing the data to the expectations on which the most recent annual liability and asset estimates were based. Provided the quarterly review does not indicate a more detailed evaluation of our asbestos exposure is required, each quarter we record a net asbestos cost to maintain a rolling 10-year time horizon. Postretirement Benefit Plans ITT sponsors numerous pension and other employee-related defined benefit plans (collectively, postretirement benefit plans). Our U.S. plans are closed to new participants. Postretirement benefit obligations are generally determined, where applicable, based on participant years of service, future compensation, and age at retirement or termination. The determination of projected benefit obligations and the recognition of expenses related to postretirement benefit plans are dependent on various assumptions that are judgmental. The assumptions involved in the measurement of our postretirement benefit plan obligations and net periodic postretirement costs primarily relate to discount rates, long-term expected rates of return on plan assets, mortality and termination rates, and other factors. Management develops each assumption using relevant Company experience in conjunction with market-related data for each individual country in which such plans exist. Actual results that differ from our assumptions are accumulated and are amortized over the estimated future working life, or remaining lifetime, of the plan participants depending on the nature of the retirement plan. For the recognition of net periodic postretirement cost, the calculation of the long-term expected return on plan assets is generally derived using a market-related value of plan assets based on yearly average asset values at the measurement date over the last 5 years. The fair value of plan assets is estimated based on market prices or estimated fair value at the measurement date. The funded status of all plans is recorded on our balance sheet. Actuarial gains and losses and prior service costs or credits that have not yet been recognized through net income are recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income within shareholders’ equity, net of taxes, until they are amortized as a component of net periodic postretirement cost. Research & Development Research and development activities are charged to expense as incurred. Income Taxes We determine the provision for income taxes using the asset and liability approach. Under this approach, deferred income tax assets and liabilities are determined based on the estimated future tax effects of differences between the financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities, applying currently enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which we expect the differences will reverse. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is dependent on the generation of future taxable income (including the reversals of deferred tax liabilities) during the periods in which those deferred tax assets will become deductible. We record a valuation allowance against our deferred tax assets when it is more likely than not that all or a portion of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. In assessing the need for a valuation allowance, the Company considers all available positive and negative evidence regarding the realizability of its deferred tax assets, including the future reversal of existing taxable temporary differences, taxable income in carryback periods, prudent and feasible tax planning strategies, estimated future taxable income, and whether we have a recent history of losses. The valuation allowance can be affected by changes to tax regulations, interpretations and rulings, changes to enacted statutory tax rates, and changes to future taxable income estimates. We have not provided deferred tax liabilities for the impact of U.S. income taxes on book over tax basis which we consider indefinitely reinvested outside the U.S. We plan foreign earnings remittance amounts based on projected cash flow needs, as well as the working capital and long-term investment requirements of foreign subsidiaries and our domestic operations. Furthermore, we recognize the tax benefit from an uncertain tax position only if it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained on examination by the taxing authorities, based on the technical merits of the position in consideration of applicable tax statutes and related interpretations and precedents and the expected outcome of the proceedings (or negotiations) with the taxing authorities. Tax benefits recognized in the financial statements from such a position are measured based on the largest benefit that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized on ultimate settlement. The Company has elected to account for Global Intangible Low Taxed Income as a current period expense when incurred. Earnings Per Share Basic earnings per common share considers the weighted average number of common shares outstanding. Diluted earnings per share considers the outstanding shares utilized in the basic earnings per share calculation as well as the dilutive effect of outstanding stock options and restricted stock that do not contain rights to nonforfeitable dividends. Diluted shares outstanding include the dilutive effect of in-the-money options, unvested restricted stock units and unvested performance stock units. The dilutive effect of such equity awards is calculated based on the average share price for each reporting period using the treasury stock method. Common stock equivalents are excluded from the computation of earnings per share if they have an anti-dilutive effect. Cash and Cash Equivalents ITT considers all highly liquid investments purchased with an original maturity or remaining maturity at the time of purchase of three months or less to be cash equivalents. Cash equivalents primarily include fixed-maturity time deposits and money market investments. Restricted cash was $0.8 and $1.0 as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Restricted cash is presented within Other current assets and Other non-current assets. Concentrations of Credit Risk Financial instruments that potentially subject ITT to significant concentrations of credit risk consist principally of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable from trade customers, investments, and derivatives. We maintain cash and cash equivalents with various financial institutions located in different geographical regions, and our policy is designed to limit exposure to any individual counterparty. As part of our risk management processes, we perform periodic evaluations of the relative credit standing of the financial institutions. We have not sustained any material credit losses during the previous three years from financial instruments held at financial institutions. Credit risk with respect to accounts receivable is generally diversified due to the large number of entities comprising ITT’s customer base and their dispersion across many different industries and geographic regions. However, our largest customer represents approximately 13% and 12% of the December 31, 2019 and 2018 outstanding trade accounts receivable balance, respectively. ITT performs ongoing credit evaluations of the financial condition of its third-party distributors, resellers and other customers and requires collateral, such as letters of credit and bank guarantees, in certain circumstances. Factoring of Trade Receivables Factoring arrangements, whereby substantially all economic risks and rewards associated with trade receivables are transferred to a third party, are accounted for by derecognizing the trade receivables upon receipt of cash proceeds from the factoring arrangement. Factoring arrangements, whereby some, but not substantially all, of the economic risks and rewards are transferred to a third party and the assets subject to the factoring arrangement remain under the Company's control are accounted for by not derecognizing the trade receivables and recognizing any related obligations to the third party. Allowance for Doubtful Accounts We determine our allowance for doubtful accounts using a combination of factors to reduce our trade receivables balances to their estimated net realizable amount. We maintain an allowance for doubtful accounts based on a variety of factors including the length of time receivables are past due, macroeconomic trends and conditions, significant one-time events, historical experience and the financial condition of our customers. We record a specific reserve for individual accounts when we become aware of specific customer circumstances, such as in the case of bankruptcy filings or deterioration in the customer’s operating results or financial position. The past due or delinquency status of a receivable is based on the contractual payment terms of the receivable. If circumstances related to the specific customer change, we adjust estimates of the recoverability of receivables as appropriate. Inventories Inventories, which include the costs of material, labor and overhead, are stated at the lower of cost or market, with cost generally computed on a first-in, first-out (FIFO) basis. Estimated losses from obsolete and slow-moving inventories are recorded to reduce inventory values to their estimated net realizable value and are charged to cost of sales. At the point of loss recognition, a new cost basis for that inventory is established and subsequent changes in facts and circumstances do not result in a recovery in carrying value. Inventories valued under the last-in, first-out (LIFO) method represent 14.5% and 13.9% of total 2019 and 2018 inventories, respectively. We have a LIFO reserve of $12.4 and $11.0 recorded as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Cost of sales is generally reported using standard cost techniques with full overhead absorption that approximates actual cost. Plant, Property and Equipment Plant, property and equipment, including capitalized interest applicable to major project expenditures, are recorded at cost. Depreciation is computed on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of the assets. Leasehold improvements are depreciated over the life of the lease or the asset, whichever is shorter. Fully depreciated assets are retained in property and accumulated depreciation accounts until disposal. Repairs and maintenance costs are expensed as incurred. Leases The Company enters into leases for the use of premises and equipment, primarily classified as operating leases. Operating lease costs are recognized as an operating expense over the lease term on a straight-line basis. For leases with terms greater than 12 months, we record a right-of-use asset and lease liability equal to the present value of the lease payments. In determining the discount rate used to measure the right-of-use asset and lease liability, we utilize the Company’s incremental borrowing rate and consider the term of the lease, as well as the geographic location of the leased asset. Where options to renew a lease are available, they are included in the lease term and capitalized on the balance sheet to the extent there would be a significant economic penalty not to elect the option. Certain real estate leases are subject to periodic changes in an index or market rate. While lease liabilities are not remeasured as a result of changes to an index or rate, these changes are treated as variable lease payments and recognized in the period in which the obligation for those payments is incurred. Variable lease expense also includes property tax and property insurance costs. Capitalized Internal Use Software Costs incurred in the preliminary project stage of developing or acquiring internal use software are expensed as incurred. After the preliminary project stage is completed, management has approved the project and it is probable that the project will be completed and the software will be used for its intended purpose, ITT capitalizes certain internal and external costs incurred to acquire or create internal use software, principally related to software coding, designing system interfaces and installation and testing of the software. ITT amortizes capitalized internal use software costs using the straight-line method over the estimated useful life of the software, generally from 3 to 7 years. Investments Investments in fixed-maturity time deposits having an original maturity exceeding three months at the time of purchase, referred to as short-term time deposits, are classified as held-to-maturity and are recorded at amortized cost, which approximates fair value. There were no short-term time deposits held as of December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018. Investments in corporate-owned life insurance (COLI) policies are recorded at their cash surrender values as of the balance sheet date. The Company’s investments in COLI policies are included in other non-current assets in the consolidated balance sheets and were $109.1 and $104.4 at December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Changes in the cash surrender value during the period generally reflect gains or losses in the fair value of assets, premium payments, and policy redemptions. Gains from COLI investments of $4.8, $2.8, and $3.8 were recorded within general and administrative expenses in the Consolidated Statements of Operations during years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Long-Lived Asset Impairment Long-lived assets, including intangible assets with finite lives and capitalized internal use software, are tested for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate their carrying value may not be recoverable. We assess the recoverability of long-lived assets based on the undiscounted future cash flow the assets are expected to generate and recognize an impairment loss when estimated undiscounted future cash flows expected to result from the use of the asset plus net proceeds expected from disposition of the asset, if any, are less than the carrying value of the asset. When an impairment is identified, we reduce the carrying amount of the asset to its estimated fair value based on a discounted cash flow approach or, when available and appropriate, to comparable market values. Goodwill and Intangible Assets Goodwill represents purchase consideration paid in a business combination that exceeds the values assigned to the net assets of the acquired business. Intangible assets include customer relationships, proprietary technology, trademarks, patents and other intangible assets. Intangible assets with a finite life are generally amortized on a straight-line basis over an estimated economic useful life, which generally ranges from 7-20 years, and are tested for impairment if indicators of impairment are identified. Certain of our intangible assets have an indefinite life, namely certain brands and trademarks. Goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets are not amortized, but rather are tested for impairment annually (or more frequently if impairment indicators arise, such as changes to the reporting unit structure, significant adverse changes in the business climate or an adverse action or assessment by a regulator). We conduct our annual impairment testing on the first day of the fourth fiscal quarter. We may perform an initial qualitative evaluation which considers present events and circumstances, to determine the likelihood of impairment. If the likelihood of impairment is not considered to be more likely than not, then no further testing is performed. If it is considered to be more likely than not that the asset is impaired based on the qualitative evaluation or we elect not to perform a qualitative evaluation, then a two-step quantitative impairment test is performed. If the carrying value of the reporting unit exceeds its estimated fair value, then the second step of the impairment test is performed in order to measure the impairment loss to be recorded, if any. If the carrying value of a reporting unit’s goodwill exceeds its implied fair value, then we record an impairment loss equal to the difference. For indefinite-lived intangibles, if it is considered to be more likely than not that the asset is impaired, we compare the fair value of those assets to their carrying value. We recognize an impairment loss when the estimated fair value of the indefinite-lived intangible asset is less than its carrying value. We estimate the fair value of our reporting units using an income approach. Under the income approach, we estimate fair value based on the present value of estimated future cash flows. We estimate the fair value of our indefinite-lived intangible assets using the relief from royalty method. The relief from royalty method estimates the portion of a company’s earnings attributable to an intellectual property asset based on an assumed royalty rate that the company would have paid had the asset not been owned. Business Combinations We allocate the purchase price of acquisitions to the tangible and intangible assets acquired, liabilities assumed, and non-controlling interests in the acquiree based on their estimated fair value at the acquisition date. Changes to acquisition date fair values prior to the expiration of the measurement period, a period not to exceed 12 months from date of acquisition, are recorded as an adjustment to the associated goodwill in the reporting period in which the adjustment amounts are determined. Changes to acquisition date fair values after expiration of the measurement period are recorded in earnings. The excess of the acquisition price over those estimated fair values is recorded as goodwill. Acquisition-related expenses are expensed as incurred and the costs associated with restructuring actions initiated after the acquisition are recognized separately from the business combination. Commitments and Contingencies We record accruals for commitments and loss contingencies when it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of loss can be reasonably estimated. Significant judgment is required to determine both probability and the estimated amount of loss, and these assessments can involve a series of complex judgments about future events and may rely on estimates and assumptions that have been deemed reasonable by management. We review these accruals quarterly and adjust the accruals to reflect the impact of negotiations, settlements, rulings, advice of legal counsel, and other current information. See Note 20, Commitments and Contingencies, for additional information. Environmental-Related Liabilities and Assets Accruals for environmental matters are recorded on a site-by-site basis when it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of the liability can be reasonably estimated, based on current law and existing technologies. Our estimated liability is reduced to reflect the participation of other potentially responsible parties in those instances where it is probable that such parties are legally responsible and financially capable of paying their respective shares of the relevant costs, and that share can be reasonably estimated. Accruals for environmental liabilities are primarily included in other non-current liabilities at undiscounted amounts and exclude claims for recoveries from insurance companies or other third parties. The Company records an asset related to its environmental exposures for insurance and other third parties. The environmental-related asset represents our best estimate of probable recoveries from third parties for costs incurred in past periods, as well as costs estimated to be incurred in future periods. Environmental costs and related recoveries are recorded within general and administrative expenses in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Foreign Currency The national currencies of our foreign subsidiaries are generally the functional currencies. Balance Sheet accounts are translated at the exchange rate in effect at the end of each period, except for equity which is translated at historical rates; Statement of Operations accounts are translated at the average rates of exchange prevailing during the period. Gains and losses resulting from foreign currency translation are reflected in the cumulative translation adjustments component of shareholders’ equity. For foreign subsidiaries that do not use the local currency as their functional currency, foreign currency assets and liabilities are remeasured to the foreign subsidiary’s functional currency using end of period exchange rates, except for nonmonetary balance sheet accounts, which are remeasured at historical exchange rates. For transactions denominated in other than the functional currency, revenue and expenses are remeasured at average exchange rates in effect during the reporting period in which the transactions occurred, except for expenses related to nonmonetary assets and liabilities. Transaction gains or losses from foreign currency remeasurement are reported in general and administrative expenses in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. During 2019, 2018, and 2017, we recognized transaction losses of $2.7, $1.2, and $12.4, respectively. Derivative Financial Instruments ITT may use derivative financial instruments, primarily foreign currency forward contracts, to mitigate exposure from foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations as it pertains to receipts from customers, payments to suppliers and intercompany transactions. We record derivatives at their fair value as either an asset or liability. For derivatives not designated as hedges, adjustments to reflect changes in the fair value of our derivatives are included in earnings. For cash flow hedges that qualify and are designated for hedge accounting, the effective portion of the change in fair value of the derivative is recorded in accumulated other comprehensive loss and subsequently recognized in earnings when the hedged transaction affects earnings. Any ineffective portion is recognized immediately in earnings. As of December 31, 2019 and 2018, no derivatives were designated as hedges. The differentials paid or received on interest rate swap agreements are recognized as adjustments to interest expense. Derivative contracts involve the risk of non-performance by the counterparty. The fair value of our foreign currency contracts are determined using the net position of the contracts and the applicable spot rates and forward rates as of the reporting date.

ITT Inc. is a diversified manufacturer of highly engineered critical components and customized technology solutions for the transportation, industrial, and oil and gas markets. Unless the context otherwise indicates, references herein to "ITT," "the Company," and such words as "we," "us," and "our" include ITT Inc. and its subsidiaries. ITT operates in three segments: Motion Technologies, consisting of friction and shock and vibration equipment; Industrial Process, consisting of industrial flow equipment and services; and Connect & Control Technologies, consisting of electronic connectors, fluid handling, motion control, composite materials, and noise and energy absorption products. Financial information for our segments is presented in Note 3, Segment Information.

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Estimates are revised as additional information becomes available. Estimates and assumptions are used for, but not limited to, asbestos-related liabilities and recoveries from insurers, revenue recognition, unrecognized tax benefits, deferred tax valuation allowances, projected benefit obligations for postretirement plans, accounting for business combinations, goodwill and other intangible asset impairment testing, environmental liabilities, allowance for doubtful accounts and inventory valuation. Actual results could differ from these estimates.

Our consolidated financial statements include the accounts of all majority-owned subsidiaries. ITT consolidates companies in which it has a controlling financial interest or when ITT is considered the primary beneficiary of a variable interest entity. We account for investments in companies over which we have the ability to exercise significant influence, but do not hold a controlling interest under the equity method, and we record our proportionate share of income or losses in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. The results of companies acquired or disposed of during the fiscal year are included in the Consolidated Financial Statements from the effective date of acquisition or up to the date of disposal. All intercompany transactions have been eliminated.

For product sales, we consider practical and contractual limitations in determining whether there is an alternative use for the product. For example, long-term design and build contracts are typically highly customized to a customer’s specifications. For contracts with no alternative use and an enforceable right to payment for work performed to date, including a reasonable profit if the contract were terminated at the customer’s convenience for reason other than nonperformance, we recognize revenue over time. All other product sales are recognized at a point in time.

For contracts recognized at a point in time, we recognize revenue when control passes to the customer, which is generally based on shipping terms that address when title and risk and rewards pass to the customer. However, we also consider certain customer acceptance provisions as certain contracts with customers include installation, testing, certification or other acceptance provisions. In instances where contractual terms include a provision for customer acceptance, we consider whether we have previously demonstrated that the product meets objective criteria specified by either the seller or customer in assessing whether control has passed to the customer.

The transaction price in our contracts consists of fixed consideration and the impact of variable consideration including returns, rebates and allowances, and penalties. Variable consideration is generally estimated using a probability-weighted approach based on historical experience, known trends, and current factors including market conditions and status of negotiations.

When there is more than one performance obligation, the transaction price is allocated to the performance obligations based on the relative estimated standalone selling prices. If not sold separately, estimated standalone selling prices are determined considering various factors including market and pricing trends, geography, product customization, and profit objectives. Revenue is recognized when the appropriate revenue recognition criteria for the individual performance obligations have been satisfied.

For most contracts, payment is due from the customer within 30 to 90 days after the product is delivered or the service has been performed. For design and build contracts, we generally collect progress payments from the customer throughout the term of the contract, resulting in contract assets or liabilities depending on the timing of the payments. Contract assets consist of unbilled amounts when revenue recognized exceeds customer billings. Contract liabilities consist of advance payments and billings in excess of revenue recognized.

Design and engineering costs for highly complex products to be sold under a long-term production-type contract are capitalized and amortized in a manner consistent with revenue recognition of the related contract or anticipated contract. Other design and development costs are capitalized only if there is a contractual guarantee for reimbursement. Costs to obtain a contract (e.g., commissions) for contracts greater than one year are capitalized and amortized in a manner consistent with revenue recognition of the related contract.

Our standard product warranty terms generally include post-sales support and repairs or replacement of a product at no additional charge for a specified period of time. Accruals for estimated expenses related to product warranties are made at the time revenue is recognized and are recorded as a component of costs of revenue. We estimate the liability for warranty claims based on our standard warranties, the historical frequency of claims and the cost to replace or repair our products under warranty. Factors that influence our warranty liability include the number of units sold, the length of warranty term, historical and anticipated rates of warranty claims and the cost per claim.

Our subsidiaries, including ITT LLC and Goulds Pumps LLC, have been named as a defendant in numerous product liability lawsuits alleging personal injury due to asbestos exposure. We accrue the estimated value of pending claims and unasserted claims estimated to be filed over the next 10 years, including legal fees, on an undiscounted basis, due to the inability to reliably forecast the timing of future cash flows. Assumptions utilized in estimating the liability for both pending and unasserted claims include: disease type, average settlement costs, percentage of claims settled or dismissed, the number of claims estimated to be filed against the Company in the future, and the costs to defend such claims.

The Company has also recorded an asbestos-related asset composed of insurance receivables. The asbestos-related asset represents our best estimate of probable recoveries from third parties for pending claims, and unasserted claims estimated to be filed over the next 10 years. In developing this estimate, the Company considers coverage-in-place and other settlement agreements with its insurers, a review of expected levels of future recoveries, the financial viability of the insurance companies, the method by which losses will be allocated to the various insurance policies and the years covered by those policies, and the interpretation of the various policy and contract terms and limits and their interrelationships. Consistent with the asbestos liability, the asbestos-related asset has not been discounted to present value due to the inability to reliably forecast the timing of future cash flows. Under coverage-in-place agreements, an insurer’s policies remain in force and the insurer undertakes to provide coverage for the Company’s pending and future asbestos claims on specified terms and conditions. Insurance payments under coverage-in-place agreements are made to the Company as asbestos claims are settled or adjudicated. The Company’s buyout agreements provide an agreed upon amount of available coverage for future asbestos claims under the subject policies to be paid to a Qualified Settlement Fund (QSF) on a specific schedule as agreed upon by the Company and its insurer.

However, assets in the QSF are only available and distributed when qualifying asbestos expenditures are submitted for reimbursement as defined in the QSF agreement. Therefore, recovery of insurance reimbursements under these types of agreements is dependent on the timing of the payment of the liability and, consistent with the asbestos liability, have not been discounted to present value.

In the third quarter each year we conduct an asbestos remeasurement with the assistance of outside consultants to review and update, as appropriate, the underlying assumptions used to estimate our asbestos liability and related assets, including a reassessment of the time horizon over which a reasonable estimate of unasserted claims can be projected. In addition, as part of our ongoing review of our net asbestos exposure, each quarter we assess the most recent data available for the key inputs and assumptions, comparing the data to the expectations on which the most recent annual liability and asset estimates were based. Provided the quarterly review does not indicate a more detailed evaluation of our asbestos exposure is required, each quarter we record a net asbestos cost to maintain a rolling 10-year time horizon.

ITT sponsors numerous pension and other employee-related defined benefit plans (collectively, postretirement benefit plans). Our U.S. plans are closed to new participants. Postretirement benefit obligations are generally determined, where applicable, based on participant years of service, future compensation, and age at retirement or termination. The determination of projected benefit obligations and the recognition of expenses related to postretirement benefit plans are dependent on various assumptions that are judgmental. The assumptions involved in the measurement of our postretirement benefit plan obligations and net periodic postretirement costs primarily relate to discount rates, long-term expected rates of return on plan assets, mortality and termination rates, and other factors. Management develops each assumption using relevant Company experience in conjunction with market-related data for each individual country in which such plans exist. Actual results that differ from our assumptions are accumulated and are amortized over the estimated future working life, or remaining lifetime, of the plan participants depending on the nature of the retirement plan. For the recognition of net periodic postretirement cost, the calculation of the long-term expected return on plan assets is generally derived using a market-related value of plan assets based on yearly average asset values at the measurement date over the last 5 years.

The funded status of all plans is recorded on our balance sheet. Actuarial gains and losses and prior service costs or credits that have not yet been recognized through net income are recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income within shareholders’ equity, net of taxes, until they are amortized as a component of net periodic postretirement cost.

We determine the provision for income taxes using the asset and liability approach. Under this approach, deferred income tax assets and liabilities are determined based on the estimated future tax effects of differences between the financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities, applying currently enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which we expect the differences will reverse. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is dependent on the generation of future taxable income (including the reversals of deferred tax liabilities) during the periods in which those deferred tax assets will become deductible.

We record a valuation allowance against our deferred tax assets when it is more likely than not that all or a portion of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. In assessing the need for a valuation allowance, the Company considers all available positive and negative evidence regarding the realizability of its deferred tax assets, including the future reversal of existing taxable temporary differences, taxable income in carryback periods, prudent and feasible tax planning strategies, estimated future taxable income, and whether we have a recent history of losses. The valuation allowance can be affected by changes to tax regulations, interpretations and rulings, changes to enacted statutory tax rates, and changes to future taxable income estimates.

We have not provided deferred tax liabilities for the impact of U.S. income taxes on book over tax basis which we consider indefinitely reinvested outside the U.S. We plan foreign earnings remittance amounts based on projected cash flow needs, as well as the working capital and long-term investment requirements of foreign subsidiaries and our domestic operations.

Furthermore, we recognize the tax benefit from an uncertain tax position only if it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained on examination by the taxing authorities, based on the technical merits of the position in consideration of applicable tax statutes and related interpretations and precedents and the expected outcome of the

Basic earnings per common share considers the weighted average number of common shares outstanding. Diluted earnings per share considers the outstanding shares utilized in the basic earnings per share calculation as well as the dilutive effect of outstanding stock options and restricted stock that do not contain rights to nonforfeitable dividends. Diluted shares outstanding include the dilutive effect of in-the-money options, unvested restricted stock units and unvested performance stock units. The dilutive effect of such equity awards is calculated based on the average share price for each reporting period using the treasury stock method. Common stock equivalents are excluded from the computation of earnings per share if they have an anti-dilutive effect.

ITT considers all highly liquid investments purchased with an original maturity or remaining maturity at the time of purchase of three months or less to be cash equivalents. Cash equivalents primarily include fixed-maturity time deposits and money market investments. Restricted cash was $0.8 and $1.0 as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Restricted cash is presented within Other current assets and Other non-current assets.

Financial instruments that potentially subject ITT to significant concentrations of credit risk consist principally of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable from trade customers, investments, and derivatives. We maintain cash and cash equivalents with various financial institutions located in different geographical regions, and our policy is designed to limit exposure to any individual counterparty. As part of our risk management processes, we perform periodic evaluations of the relative credit standing of the financial institutions. We have not sustained any material credit losses during the previous three years from financial instruments held at financial institutions.

Credit risk with respect to accounts receivable is generally diversified due to the large number of entities comprising ITT’s customer base and their dispersion across many different industries and geographic regions. However, our largest customer represents approximately 13% and 12% of the December 31, 2019 and 2018 outstanding trade accounts receivable balance, respectively. ITT performs ongoing credit evaluations of the financial condition of its third-party distributors, resellers and other customers and requires collateral, such as letters of credit and bank guarantees, in certain circumstances.

Factoring arrangements, whereby substantially all economic risks and rewards associated with trade receivables are transferred to a third party, are accounted for by derecognizing the trade receivables upon receipt of cash proceeds from the factoring arrangement. Factoring arrangements, whereby some, but not substantially all, of the economic risks and rewards are transferred to a third party and the assets subject to the factoring arrangement remain under the Company's control are accounted for by not derecognizing the trade receivables and recognizing any related obligations to the third party.

We determine our allowance for doubtful accounts using a combination of factors to reduce our trade receivables balances to their estimated net realizable amount. We maintain an allowance for doubtful accounts based on a variety of factors including the length of time receivables are past due, macroeconomic trends and conditions, significant one-time events, historical experience and the financial condition of our customers. We record a specific reserve for individual accounts when we become aware of specific customer circumstances, such as in the case of bankruptcy filings or deterioration in the customer’s operating results or financial position. The past due or delinquency status of a receivable is based on the contractual payment terms of the receivable. If circumstances related to the specific customer change, we adjust estimates of the recoverability of receivables as appropriate.

Inventories, which include the costs of material, labor and overhead, are stated at the lower of cost or market, with cost generally computed on a first-in, first-out (FIFO) basis. Estimated losses from obsolete and slow-moving inventories are recorded to reduce inventory values to their estimated net realizable value and are charged to cost of sales. At the point of loss recognition, a new cost basis for that inventory is established and subsequent changes in facts and circumstances do not result in a recovery in carrying value. Inventories valued under the last-in, first-out (LIFO) method represent 14.5% and 13.9% of total 2019 and 2018 inventories, respectively. We have a LIFO reserve of $12.4 and $11.0 recorded as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

Plant, property and equipment, including capitalized interest applicable to major project expenditures, are recorded at cost. Depreciation is computed on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of the assets. Leasehold improvements are depreciated over the life of the lease or the asset, whichever is shorter. Fully depreciated assets are retained in property and accumulated depreciation accounts until disposal. Repairs and maintenance costs are expensed as incurred.

The Company enters into leases for the use of premises and equipment, primarily classified as operating leases. Operating lease costs are recognized as an operating expense over the lease term on a straight-line basis. For leases with terms greater than 12 months, we record a right-of-use asset and lease liability equal to the present value of the lease payments. In determining the discount rate used to measure the right-of-use asset and lease liability, we utilize the Company’s incremental borrowing rate and consider the term of the lease, as well as the geographic location of the leased asset.

Where options to renew a lease are available, they are included in the lease term and capitalized on the balance sheet to the extent there would be a significant economic penalty not to elect the option. Certain real estate leases are subject to periodic changes in an index or market rate. While lease liabilities are not remeasured as a result of changes to an index or rate, these changes are treated as variable lease payments and recognized in the period in which the obligation for those payments is incurred. Variable lease expense also includes property tax and property insurance costs.

Costs incurred in the preliminary project stage of developing or acquiring internal use software are expensed as incurred. After the preliminary project stage is completed, management has approved the project and it is probable that the project will be completed and the software will be used for its intended purpose, ITT capitalizes certain internal and external costs incurred to acquire or create internal use software, principally related to software coding, designing system interfaces and installation and testing of the software. ITT amortizes capitalized internal use software costs using the straight-line method over the estimated useful life of the software, generally from 3 to 7 years.

Investments in fixed-maturity time deposits having an original maturity exceeding three months at the time of purchase, referred to as short-term time deposits, are classified as held-to-maturity and are recorded at amortized cost, which approximates fair value. There were no short-term time deposits held as of December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018.

Investments in corporate-owned life insurance (COLI) policies are recorded at their cash surrender values as of the balance sheet date. The Company’s investments in COLI policies are included in other non-current assets in the consolidated balance sheets and were $109.1 and $104.4 at December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Changes in the cash surrender value during the period generally reflect gains or losses in the fair value of assets, premium payments, and policy redemptions. Gains from COLI investments of $4.8, $2.8, and $3.8 were recorded within general and administrative expenses in the Consolidated Statements of Operations during years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

Long-lived assets, including intangible assets with finite lives and capitalized internal use software, are tested for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate their carrying value may not be recoverable. We assess the recoverability of long-lived assets based on the undiscounted future cash flow the assets are expected to generate and recognize an impairment loss when estimated undiscounted future cash flows expected to result from the use of the asset plus net proceeds expected from disposition of the asset, if any, are less than the carrying value of the asset. When an impairment is identified, we reduce the carrying amount of the asset to its estimated fair value based on a discounted cash flow approach or, when available and appropriate, to comparable market values.

Goodwill represents purchase consideration paid in a business combination that exceeds the values assigned to the net assets of the acquired business. Intangible assets include customer relationships, proprietary technology, trademarks, patents and other intangible assets. Intangible assets with a finite life are generally amortized on a straight-line basis over an estimated economic useful life, which generally ranges from 7-20 years, and are tested for impairment if indicators of impairment are identified. Certain of our intangible assets have an indefinite life, namely certain brands and trademarks.

Goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets are not amortized, but rather are tested for impairment annually (or more frequently if impairment indicators arise, such as changes to the reporting unit structure, significant adverse changes in the business climate or an adverse action or assessment by a regulator). We conduct our annual impairment testing on the first day of the fourth fiscal quarter. We may perform an initial qualitative evaluation which considers present events and circumstances, to determine the likelihood of impairment. If the likelihood of impairment is not considered to be more likely than not, then no further testing is performed. If it is considered to be more likely than not that the asset is impaired based on the qualitative evaluation or we elect not to perform a qualitative evaluation, then a two-step quantitative impairment test is performed. If the carrying value of the reporting unit exceeds its estimated fair value, then the second step of the impairment test is performed in order to measure the impairment loss to be recorded, if any. If the carrying value of a reporting unit’s goodwill exceeds its implied fair value, then we record an impairment loss equal to the difference. For indefinite-lived intangibles, if it is considered to be more likely than not that the asset is impaired, we compare the fair value of those assets to their carrying value. We recognize an impairment loss when the estimated fair value of the indefinite-lived intangible asset is less than its carrying value.

We estimate the fair value of our reporting units using an income approach. Under the income approach, we estimate fair value based on the present value of estimated future cash flows. We estimate the fair value of our indefinite-lived intangible assets using the relief from royalty method. The relief from royalty method estimates the portion of a company’s earnings attributable to an intellectual property asset based on an assumed royalty rate that the company would have paid had the asset not been owned.

We allocate the purchase price of acquisitions to the tangible and intangible assets acquired, liabilities assumed, and non-controlling interests in the acquiree based on their estimated fair value at the acquisition date. Changes to acquisition date fair values prior to the expiration of the measurement period, a period not to exceed 12 months from date of acquisition, are recorded as an adjustment to the associated goodwill in the reporting period in which the adjustment amounts are determined. Changes to acquisition date fair values after expiration of the measurement period are recorded in earnings. The excess of the acquisition price over those estimated fair values is recorded as goodwill. Acquisition-related expenses are expensed as incurred and the costs associated with restructuring actions initiated after the acquisition are recognized separately from the business combination.

We record accruals for commitments and loss contingencies when it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of loss can be reasonably estimated. Significant judgment is required to determine both probability and the estimated amount of loss, and these assessments can involve a series of complex judgments about future events and may rely on estimates and assumptions that have been deemed reasonable by management. We review these accruals quarterly and adjust the accruals to reflect the impact of negotiations, settlements, rulings, advice of legal counsel, and other current information. See Note 20, Commitments and Contingencies, for additional information.

Accruals for environmental matters are recorded on a site-by-site basis when it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of the liability can be reasonably estimated, based on current law and existing technologies. Our estimated liability is reduced to reflect the participation of other potentially responsible parties in those instances where it is probable that such parties are legally responsible and financially capable of paying their respective shares of the relevant costs, and that share can be reasonably estimated. Accruals for environmental liabilities are primarily included in other non-current liabilities at undiscounted amounts and exclude claims for recoveries from insurance companies or other third parties.

The national currencies of our foreign subsidiaries are generally the functional currencies. Balance Sheet accounts are translated at the exchange rate in effect at the end of each period, except for equity which is translated at historical rates; Statement of Operations accounts are translated at the average rates of exchange prevailing during the period. Gains and losses resulting from foreign currency translation are reflected in the cumulative translation adjustments component of shareholders’ equity.

For foreign subsidiaries that do not use the local currency as their functional currency, foreign currency assets and liabilities are remeasured to the foreign subsidiary’s functional currency using end of period exchange rates, except for nonmonetary balance sheet accounts, which are remeasured at historical exchange rates.

For transactions denominated in other than the functional currency, revenue and expenses are remeasured at average exchange rates in effect during the reporting period in which the transactions occurred, except for expenses related to nonmonetary assets and liabilities. Transaction gains or losses from foreign currency remeasurement are reported in general and administrative expenses in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. During 2019, 2018, and 2017, we recognized transaction losses of $2.7, $1.2, and $12.4, respectively.

ITT may use derivative financial instruments, primarily foreign currency forward contracts, to mitigate exposure from foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations as it pertains to receipts from customers, payments to suppliers and intercompany transactions. We record derivatives at their fair value as either an asset or liability. For derivatives not designated as hedges, adjustments to reflect changes in the fair value of our derivatives are included in earnings. For cash flow hedges that qualify and are designated for hedge accounting, the effective portion of the change in fair value of the derivative is recorded in accumulated other comprehensive loss and subsequently recognized in earnings when the hedged transaction affects earnings. Any ineffective portion is recognized immediately in earnings. As of December 31, 2019 and 2018, no derivatives were designated as hedges. The differentials paid or received on interest rate swap agreements are recognized as adjustments to interest expense. Derivative contracts involve the risk of non-performance by the counterparty. The fair value of our foreign currency contracts are determined using the net position of the contracts and the applicable spot rates and forward rates as of the reporting date.