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Future Policy Benefit Reserves
 3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2024
Insurance [Abstract]  
Future Policy Benefit Reserves Future Policy Benefits Reserves
Future policy benefits reserves are associated with the Company's run-off long-term care business, included in the Life & Group segment, and relate to policyholders that are currently receiving benefits, including claims that have been incurred but are not yet reported, as well as policyholders that are not yet receiving benefits. Future policy benefits reserves are comprised of the liability for future policyholder benefits (LFPB) which is reflected as Insurance reserves: Future policy benefits on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet.
The determination of Future policy benefits reserves requires management to make estimates and assumptions about expected policyholder experience over the remaining life of the policy. Since policies may be in force for several decades, these assumptions are subject to significant estimation risk. As a result of this variability, the Company’s future policy benefits reserves may be subject to material increases if actual experience develops adversely to the Company’s expectations.
See Note A to the Consolidated Financial Statements within CNAF's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023 for further information on the long-term care reserving process.
The following table summarizes balances and changes in the LFPB.
(In millions)
20242023
Present value of future net premiums
Balance, January 1$3,710 $3,993 
     Effect of changes in discount rate(125)(74)
Balance, January 1, at original locked in discount rate3,585 3,919 
     Effect of changes in cash flow assumptions (1)
— — 
     Effect of actual variances from expected experience (1)
(28)(49)
Adjusted balance, January 13,557 3,870 
Interest accrual47 52 
     Net premiums: earned during period(107)(111)
Balance, end of period at original locked in discount rate3,497 3,811 
     Effect of changes in discount rate56 154 
Balance, March 31$3,553 $3,965 
Present value of future benefits & expenses
Balance, January 1$17,669 $17,472 
     Effect of changes in discount rate(578)(125)
Balance, January 1, at original locked in discount rate17,091 17,347 
     Effect of changes in cash flow assumptions (1)
— — 
     Effect of actual variances from expected experience (1)
(13)(50)
Adjusted balance, January 117,078 17,297 
Interest accrual231 242 
     Benefit & expense payments(321)(302)
Balance, end of period at original locked in discount rate16,988 17,237 
     Effect of changes in discount rate78 704 
Balance, March 31$17,066 $17,941 
Net LFPB$13,513 $13,976 
(1) As of March 31, 2024 and 2023 the re-measurement gain (loss) of $(15) million and $1 million presented parenthetically on the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations is comprised of the effect of changes in cash flow assumptions and the effect of actual variances from expected experience.
The following table presents earned premiums and interest expense associated with the Company’s long-term care business recognized on the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations.
Periods ended March 31Three Months
(In millions)
20242023
Earned premiums$110 $115 
Interest expense184 190 
The following table presents undiscounted expected future benefit and expense payments, and undiscounted expected future gross premiums.
As of March 31
(In millions)
20242023
  Expected future benefit and expense payments$32,474 $33,759 
  Expected future gross premiums5,270 5,729 
Discounted expected future gross premiums at the upper-medium grade fixed income instrument yield discount rate were $3,664 million and $4,046 million as of March 31, 2024 and 2023.
The weighted average effective duration of the LFPB calculated using the original locked in discount rate was 11 years and 12 years as of March 31, 2024 and 2023.
The weighted average interest rates in the table below are calculated based on the rate used to discount all future cash flows.
As of March 31As of December 31
202420232023
   Original locked in discount rate5.22 %5.26 %5.22 %
Upper-medium grade fixed income instrument discount rate5.20 4.92 4.94 
For the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, immediate charges to net income resulting from adverse development that caused the Net Premium Ratio (NPR) to exceed 100% for certain cohorts were $20 million and $13 million. For the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, the portion of losses recognized in a prior period due to NPR exceeding 100% for certain cohorts which, due to favorable development, was reversed through net income was $2 million and $11 million.