Claim and Claim Adjustment Expense Reserves and Future Policy Benefit Reserves (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Short-duration Insurance Contracts, Net Incurred Claim and Claim Adjustment Expenses [Line Items]

Short-duration insurance contracts, reconciliation of claims development to liability

The table below reconciles the net liability for unpaid claim and claim adjustment expenses to the amount presented on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

As of December 31
(In millions)	2022
Net liability for unpaid claim and claim adjustment expenses:
Specialty	$	5,563
Commercial	8,430
International	2,003
Life & Group (1)	3,573
Corporate & Other	339
Total net claim and claim adjustment expenses	19,908
Reinsurance receivables: (2)
Specialty	1,315
Commercial	965
International	400
Life & Group	101
Corporate & Other (3)	2,410
Total reinsurance receivables	5,191
Total gross liability for unpaid claim and claim adjustment expenses	$	25,099

(1) The Life & Group segment amounts are primarily related to long term care claim reserves for policyholders on claim, but also include amounts related to unfunded structured settlements arising from short-duration contracts. Long term care policies are long-duration contracts.

(2) Reinsurance receivables presented are gross of the allowance for uncollectible reinsurance and do not include reinsurance receivables related to paid losses.

(3) The Corporate & Other Reinsurance receivables are primarily related to A&EP claims covered under the Loss Portfolio Transfer (LPT).

Schedule of liability for unpaid claims and claims adjustment expense

The following table presents a reconciliation between beginning and ending claim and claim adjustment expense reserves, including claim and claim adjustment expense reserves of the Life & Group segment.

As of or for the years ended December 31
(In millions)	2022		2021		2020
Reserves, beginning of year:
Gross	$	24,174	$	22,706	$	21,720
Ceded	4,969		4,005		3,835
Net reserves, beginning of year	19,205		18,701		17,885
Reduction of net reserves due to Excess Workers' Compensation Loss Portfolio Transfer	—		(632)		—
Net incurred claim and claim adjustment expenses:
Provision for insured events of current year	6,243		5,970		5,793
Increase (decrease) in provision for insured events of prior years	(187)		(104)		(119)
Amortization of discount	170		174		183
Total net incurred (1)	6,226		6,040		5,857
Net payments attributable to:
Current year events	(913)		(1,014)		(948)
Prior year events	(4,348)		(3,830)		(4,216)
Total net payments	(5,261)		(4,844)		(5,164)
Foreign currency translation adjustment and other	(262)		(60)		123
Net reserves, end of year	19,908		19,205		18,701
Ceded reserves, end of year	5,191		4,969		4,005
Gross reserves, end of year	$	25,099	$	24,174	$	22,706

(1) Total net incurred above does not agree to Insurance claims and policyholders' benefits as reflected on the Consolidated Statements of Operations due to amounts related to retroactive reinsurance deferred gain accounting, the loss on the Excess Workers' Compensation LPT, uncollectible reinsurance and benefit expenses related to future policy benefits, which are not reflected in the table above.

Gross and net carried claim and claim adjustment expense reserves

The following tables present the gross and net carried reserves.

December 31, 2022	Specialty		Commercial		International		Life & Group		Corporate & Other		Total
(In millions)
Gross Case Reserves	$	1,529	$	3,156	$	817	$	3,457	$	1,428	$	10,387
Gross IBNR Reserves	5,349		6,239		1,586		217		1,321		14,712
Total Gross Carried Claim and Claim Adjustment Expense Reserves	$	6,878	$	9,395	$	2,403	$	3,674	$	2,749	$	25,099
Net Case Reserves	$	1,310	$	2,809	$	686	$	3,377	$	137	$	8,319
Net IBNR Reserves	4,253		5,621		1,317		196		202		11,589
Total Net Carried Claim and Claim Adjustment Expense Reserves	$	5,563	$	8,430	$	2,003	$	3,573	$	339	$	19,908

December 31, 2021	Specialty		Commercial		International		Life & Group		Corporate & Other		Total
(In millions)
Gross Case Reserves	$	1,578	$	3,184	$	859	$	3,383	$	1,551	$	10,555
Gross IBNR Reserves	4,855		5,706		1,421		371		1,266		13,619
Total Gross Carried Claim and Claim Adjustment Expense Reserves	$	6,433	$	8,890	$	2,280	$	3,754	$	2,817	$	24,174
Net Case Reserves	$	1,338	$	2,850	$	744	$	3,291	$	146	$	8,369
Net IBNR Reserves	3,927		5,215		1,196		350		148		10,836
Total Net Carried Claim and Claim Adjustment Expense Reserves	$	5,265	$	8,065	$	1,940	$	3,641	$	294	$	19,205

Net prior year development

The following table presents development recorded for the Specialty, Commercial, International and Corporate & Other segments.

Years ended December 31
(In millions)	2022		2021		2020
Pretax (favorable) unfavorable development:
Specialty	$	(40)	$	(45)	$	(61)
Commercial	(43)		(6)		(7)
International	(13)		2		(2)
Corporate & Other	64		60		50
Total pretax (favorable) unfavorable development	$	(32)	$	11	$	(20)

Impact of loss portfolio transfer on the consolidated statement of operations

The following table presents the impact of the Loss Portfolio Transfer on the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Years ended December 31
(In millions)	2022		2021		2020
Additional amounts ceded under LPT:
Net A&EP adverse development before consideration of LPT	$	92	$	143	$	125
Provision for uncollectible third-party reinsurance on A&EP	(5)		(5)		(25)
Total additional amounts ceded under LPT	87		138		100
Retroactive reinsurance benefit recognized	(91)		(107)		(94)
Pretax impact of deferred retroactive reinsurance	$	(4)	$	31	$	6

Specialty

Short-duration Insurance Contracts, Net Incurred Claim and Claim Adjustment Expenses [Line Items]

Short-duration insurance contracts, reconciliation of claims development to liability

The table below provides the line of business composition of the net liability for unpaid claim and claim adjustment expenses for the Specialty segment.

As of December 31
(In millions)	2022
Net liability for unpaid claim and claim adjustment expenses:
Medical Professional Liability	$	1,526
Other Professional Liability and Management Liability	3,514
Surety	396
Warranty	50
Other	77
Total net liability for unpaid claim and claim adjustment expenses	$	5,563

Net prior year claim and allocated claim adjustment expense reserve development

The following table presents further detail of the development recorded for the Specialty segment.

Years ended December 31
(In millions)	2022		2021		2020
Pretax (favorable) unfavorable development:
Medical Professional Liability	$	18	$	23	$	35
Other Professional Liability and Management Liability	50		24		(15)
Surety	(83)		(73)		(69)
Warranty	(21)		(14)		(7)
Other	(4)		(5)		(5)
Total pretax (favorable) unfavorable development	$	(40)	$	(45)	$	(61)

Commercial

Short-duration Insurance Contracts, Net Incurred Claim and Claim Adjustment Expenses [Line Items]

Short-duration insurance contracts, reconciliation of claims development to liability

The table below provides the line of business composition of the net liability for unpaid claim and claim adjustment expenses for the Commercial segment.

As of December 31
(In millions)	2022
Net Claim and claim adjustment expenses:
Commercial Auto	$	787
General Liability	3,206
Workers' Compensation	3,739
Property and Other	698
Total net liability for claim and claim adjustment expenses	$	8,430

Net prior year claim and allocated claim adjustment expense reserve development

The following table presents further detail of the development recorded for the Commercial segment.

Years ended December 31
(In millions)	2022		2021		2020
Pretax (favorable) unfavorable development:
Commercial Auto	$	49	$	53	$	33
General Liability	67		15		15
Workers' Compensation	(152)		(82)		(96)
Property and Other	(7)		8		41
Total pretax (favorable) unfavorable development	$	(43)	$	(6)	$	(7)

International

Short-duration Insurance Contracts, Net Incurred Claim and Claim Adjustment Expenses [Line Items]

Short-duration insurance contracts, reconciliation of claims development to liability

The table below provides the composition of the net liability for unpaid claim and claim adjustment expenses for the International segment.

As of December 31
(In millions)	2022
Net Claim and claim adjustment expenses:
International excluding Hardy	$	1,441
Hardy	562
Total net liability for claim and claim adjustment expenses	$	2,003

Net prior year claim and allocated claim adjustment expense reserve development

The following table presents further detail of the development recorded for the International segment.

Years ended December 31
(In millions)	2022		2021 (1)		2020 (1)
Pretax (favorable) unfavorable development:
Commercial	$	(10)	$	(35)	$	(2)
Specialty	(4)		36		3
Other	1		1		(3)
Total pretax (favorable) unfavorable development	$	(13)	$	2	$	(2)

(1) Effective December 31, 2021 the International lines of business were consolidated to align with domestic operations. Prior period information has been conformed to the new line of business presentation.

CNAF Consolidated

Short-duration Insurance Contracts, Net Incurred Claim and Claim Adjustment Expenses [Line Items]

Schedule of historical claims duration

The table below presents information about average historical claims duration as of December 31, 2022 and is presented as required supplementary information, which is unaudited.

Average Annual Percentage Payout of Ultimate Net Incurred Claim and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expenses in Year:
	1		2		3		4		5		6		7		8		9		10
Specialty
Medical Professional Liability	3.6	%	17.0	%	23.0	%	18.0	%	11.9	%	8.2	%	4.7	%	2.3	%	1.0	%	0.9	%
Other Professional Liability and Management Liability	6.6	%	21.0	%	20.7	%	16.2	%	10.3	%	6.0	%	4.3	%	4.8	%	1.4	%	0.5	%
Surety(1)	19.0	%	40.5	%	20.2	%	3.6	%	2.1	%	4.8	%	(1.7)	%	0.4	%	(0.6)	%	—	%
Commercial
Commercial Auto	26.1	%	22.0	%	17.6	%	13.9	%	10.4	%	4.8	%	1.7	%	0.5	%	—	%	—	%
General Liability	3.9	%	13.7	%	17.1	%	18.8	%	14.3	%	9.4	%	5.7	%	4.6	%	2.1	%	0.6	%
Workers' Compensation	15.3	%	22.3	%	13.7	%	9.4	%	6.1	%	2.3	%	1.1	%	1.4	%	1.0	%	1.1	%
International
International - Excluding Hardy	18.3	%	22.5	%	10.4	%	7.1	%	6.0	%	6.2	%	6.7	%	2.9	%	2.5	%	1.3	%
International - Hardy	19.7	%	34.0	%	13.4	%	7.0	%	4.4	%	3.9	%	0.6	%	2.1	%	1.0	%	0.7	%

(1) Due to the nature of the Surety business, average annual percentage payout of ultimate net incurred claim and allocated claim adjustment expenses has been calculated using only the payouts of mature accident years presented in the loss reserve development tables.

Hardy | International

Short-duration Insurance Contracts, Net Incurred Claim and Claim Adjustment Expenses [Line Items]

Short-duration contracts net incurred claims and allocated claim adjustment expenses

Cumulative Net Incurred Claim and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expenses are presented in the following table.

As of December 31	Calendar Year																				As of December 31, 2022
(In millions, except reported claims data)	2013(1)		2014(1)		2015(1)		2016(1)		2017(1)		2018(1)		2019(1)		2020(1)		2021(1)		2022			IBNR		Cumulative Number of Claims
Accident Year
2013	$	127	$	143	$	136	$	137	$	138	$	141	$	142	$	142	$	141	$	144		$	3	7,904
2014			182		180		173		167		168		169		167		165		164			(4)		8,530
2015					186		175		174		174		172		174		175		177			(2)		9,722
2016							224		240		231		220		222		215		216			3		10,834
2017									240		248		241		242		249		249			5		13,204
2018											264		295		298		303		303			26		15,185
2019													216		219		214		221			37		11,374
2020															206		197		191			62		6,699
2021																	174		164			83		3,384
2022																			187			136		1,279
																	Total		$	2,016		$	349

Short-duration contracts net cumulative paid claim adjustment expenses reconciliation of total liability for unpaid claim and claim adjustment expense

Cumulative Net Paid Claims and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expenses are presented in the following table.

As of December 31	Calendar Year
(In millions)	2013(1)		2014(1)		2015(1)		2016(1)		2017(1)		2018(1)		2019(1)		2020(1)		2021(1)		2022
Accident Year
2013	$	37	$	99	$	119	$	125	$	129	$	131	$	135	$	136	$	138	$	139
2014			55		121		139		148		153		159		160		161		162
2015					29		96		127		142		153		161		159		168
2016							62		143		169		178		191		202		202
2017									52		149		181		203		210		222
2018											54		170		198		229		246
2019													43		101		138		155
2020															27		76		102
2021																	13		43
2022																			23
Total																			$	1,462
Net liability for unpaid claim and allocated claim adjustment expenses for the accident years presented																			$	554
Net liability for unpaid claim and claim adjustment expenses for accident years prior to 2013																			—
Liability for unallocated claim adjustment expenses for accident years presented																			8
Total net liability for unpaid claim and claim adjustment expenses																			$	562

Short-duration contracts reserve development

Net strengthening (releases) of prior accident year reserves is presented in the following table.

For the years ended December 31	Calendar Year
(In millions)	2014(1)		2015(1)		2016(1)		2017(1)		2018(1)		2019(1)		2020(1)		2021(1)		2022		Total(2)
Accident Year
2013	$	16	$	(7)	$	1	$	1	$	3	$	1	$	—	$	(1)	$	3	$	17
2014			(2)		(7)		(6)		1		1		(2)		(2)		(1)		(18)
2015					(11)		(1)		—		(2)		2		1		2		(9)
2016							16		(9)		(11)		2		(7)		1		(8)
2017									8		(7)		1		7		—		9
2018											31		3		5		—		39
2019													3		(5)		7		5
2020															(9)		(6)		(15)
2021																	(10)		(10)

(1) Data presented for these calendar years is required supplemental information, which is unaudited.

(2) The amounts included in the loss reserve development tables above are presented at the year-end 2022 foreign currency exchange rates for all periods presented to remove the effects of foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations between calendar years. The amounts included within the table on page 102 presenting the detail of the development recorded within the International segment include the impact of fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates.

Medical Professional Liability | Specialty

Short-duration Insurance Contracts, Net Incurred Claim and Claim Adjustment Expenses [Line Items]

Short-duration contracts net incurred claims and allocated claim adjustment expenses

Cumulative Net Incurred Claim and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expenses are presented in the following table.

As of December 31	Calendar Year																				As of December 31, 2022
(In millions, except reported claims data)	2013(1)		2014(1)		2015(1)		2016(1)		2017(1)		2018(1)		2019(1)		2020(1)		2021(1)		2022		IBNR		Cumulative Number of Claims
Accident Year
2013	$	462	$	479	$	500	$	513	$	525	$	535	$	545	$	531	$	530	$	530	$	5	19,587
2014			450		489		537		530		535		529		527		524		527		12		19,818
2015					433		499		510		494		488		510		501		498		22		18,203
2016							427		487		485		499		508		510		508		12		16,136
2017									412		449		458		460		455		460		30		15,288
2018											404		429		431		448		470		31		15,163
2019													430		445		458		471		101		14,189
2020															477		476		455		226		10,679
2021																	377		376		259		8,801
2022																			329		290		6,717
																	Total		$	4,624	$	988

Short-duration contracts net cumulative paid claim adjustment expenses reconciliation of total liability for unpaid claim and claim adjustment expense

Cumulative Net Paid Claims and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expenses are presented in the following table.

As of December 31	Calendar Year
(In millions)	2013(1)		2014(1)		2015(1)		2016(1)		2017(1)		2018(1)		2019(1)		2020(1)		2021(1)		2022
Accident Year
2013	$	17	$	119	$	255	$	355	$	414	$	462	$	495	$	508	$	512	$	517
2014			23		136		258		359		417		472		489		497		504
2015					22		101		230		313		384		420		444		458
2016							18		121		246		339		401		436		460
2017									19		107		235		308		355		388
2018											21		115		211		290		349
2019													17		91		183		280
2020															11		61		139
2021																	11		49
2022																			10
																	Total		$	3,154
Net liability for unpaid claim and allocated claim adjustment expenses for the accident years presented																			$	1,470
Net liability for unpaid claim and claim adjustment expenses for accident years prior to 2013																			25
Liability for unallocated claim adjustment expenses for accident years presented																			31
Total net liability for unpaid claim and claim adjustment expenses																			$	1,526

Short-duration contracts reserve development

Net strengthening (releases) of prior accident year reserves is presented in the following table.

For the years ended December 31	Calendar Year
(In millions)	2014(1)		2015(1)		2016(1)		2017(1)		2018(1)		2019(1)		2020(1)		2021(1)		2022		Total
Accident Year
2013	$	17	$	21	$	13	$	12	$	10	$	10	$	(14)	$	(1)	$	—	$	68
2014			39		48		(7)		5		(6)		(2)		(3)		3		77
2015					66		11		(16)		(6)		22		(9)		(3)		65
2016							60		(2)		14		9		2		(2)		81
2017									37		9		2		(5)		5		48
2018											25		2		17		22		66
2019													15		13		13		41
2020															(1)		(21)		(22)
2021																	(1)		(1)
Total net development for the accident years presented above													34		13		16
Total net development for accident years prior to 2013													1		3		(3)
Total unallocated claim adjustment expense development													—		7		5
Total													$	35	$	23	$	18

(1) Data presented for these calendar years is required supplemental information, which is unaudited.

Other Professional Liability and Management Liability | Specialty

Short-duration Insurance Contracts, Net Incurred Claim and Claim Adjustment Expenses [Line Items]

Short-duration contracts net incurred claims and allocated claim adjustment expenses

Cumulative Net Incurred Claim and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expenses are presented in the following table.

As of December 31	Calendar Year																				As of December 31, 2022
(In millions, except reported claims data)	2013(1)		2014(1)		2015(1)		2016(1)		2017(1)		2018(1)		2019(1)		2020(1)		2021(1)		2022		IBNR		Cumulative Number of Claims
Accident Year
2013	$	884	$	894	$	926	$	885	$	866	$	863	$	850	$	846	$	833	$	829	$	21	17,953
2014			878		898		885		831		835		854		845		841		842		29		17,583
2015					888		892		877		832		807		813		836		855		30		17,452
2016							901		900		900		904		907		891		888		57		17,976
2017									847		845		813		791		775		758		107		18,181
2018											850		864		869		906		923		142		19,995
2019													837		845		856		876		173		19,447
2020															930		944		951		408		19,333
2021																	1,037		1,038		706		17,983
2022																			1,120		1,000		15,327
																	Total		$	9,080	$	2,673

Short-duration contracts net cumulative paid claim adjustment expenses reconciliation of total liability for unpaid claim and claim adjustment expense

Cumulative Net Paid Claims and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expenses are presented in the following table.

As of December 31	Calendar Year
(In millions)	2013(1)		2014(1)		2015(1)		2016(1)		2017(1)		2018(1)		2019(1)		2020(1)		2021(1)		2022
Accident Year
2013	$	54	$	249	$	447	$	618	$	702	$	754	$	771	$	779	$	787	$	791
2014			51		223		392		515		647		707		743		787		802
2015					60		234		404		542		612		677		725		794
2016							64		248		466		625		701		736		784
2017									57		222		394		498		557		596
2018											54		282		473		599		706
2019													64		263		422		567
2020															67		248		400
2021																	58		217
2022																			64
																	Total		$	5,721
Net liability for unpaid claim and allocated claim adjustment expenses for the accident years presented																			$	3,359
Net liability for unpaid claim and claim adjustment expenses for accident years prior to 2013																			99
Liability for unallocated claim adjustment expenses for accident years presented																			56
Total net liability for unpaid claim and claim adjustment expenses																			$	3,514

Short-duration contracts reserve development

Net strengthening (releases) of prior accident year reserves is presented in the following table.

For the years ended December 31	Calendar Year
(In millions)	2014(1)		2015(1)		2016(1)		2017(1)		2018(1)		2019(1)		2020(1)		2021(1)		2022		Total
Accident Year
2013	$	10	$	32	$	(41)	$	(19)	$	(3)	$	(13)	$	(4)	$	(13)	$	(4)	$	(55)
2014			20		(13)		(54)		4		19		(9)		(4)		1		(36)
2015					4		(15)		(45)		(25)		6		23		19		(33)
2016							(1)		—		4		3		(16)		(3)		(13)
2017									(2)		(32)		(22)		(16)		(17)		(89)
2018											14		5		37		17		73
2019													8		11		20		39
2020															14		7		21
2021																	1		1
Total net development for the accident years presented above													(13)		36		41
Total net development for accident years prior to 2013													(2)		(14)		9
Total unallocated claim adjustment expense development													—		2		—
Total													$	(15)	$	24	$	50

(1) Data presented for these calendar years is required supplemental information, which is unaudited.

Surety | Specialty

Short-duration Insurance Contracts, Net Incurred Claim and Claim Adjustment Expenses [Line Items]

Short-duration contracts net incurred claims and allocated claim adjustment expenses

Cumulative Net Incurred Claim and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expenses are presented in the following table.

As of December 31	Calendar Year																				As of December 31, 2022
(In millions, except reported claims data)	2013(1)		2014(1)		2015(1)		2016(1)		2017(1)		2018(1)		2019(1)		2020(1)		2021(1)		2022		IBNR		Cumulative Number of Claims
Accident Year
2013	$	120	$	121	$	115	$	106	$	91	$	87	$	83	$	82	$	82	$	82	$	2	5,092
2014			123		124		94		69		60		45		45		43		42		3		5,127
2015					131		131		104		79		63		58		53		45		1		5,074
2016							124		124		109		84		67		64		58		5		5,544
2017									120		115		103		84		71		66		4		5,855
2018											114		108		91		62		56		16		6,196
2019													119		112		98		87		21		6,033
2020															128		119		81		51		4,452
2021																	137		129		105		4,168
2022																			155		143		2,772
																	Total		$	801	$	351

Short-duration contracts net cumulative paid claim adjustment expenses reconciliation of total liability for unpaid claim and claim adjustment expense

Cumulative Net Paid Claims and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expenses are presented in the following table.

As of December 31	Calendar Year
(In millions)	2013(1)		2014(1)		2015(1)		2016(1)		2017(1)		2018(1)		2019(1)		2020(1)		2021(1)		2022
Accident Year
2013	$	16	$	40	$	69	$	78	$	78	$	78	$	77	$	78	$	79	$	79
2014			7		30		38		36		38		38		39		39		38
2015					7		26		38		40		42		44		42		42
2016							5		37		45		45		43		43		41
2017									23		37		41		46		49		62
2018											5		25		34		39		40
2019													12		34		44		59
2020															4		20		28
2021																	5		20
2022																			12
																	Total		$	421
Net liability for unpaid claim and allocated claim adjustment expenses for the accident years presented																			$	380
Net liability for unpaid claim and claim adjustment expenses for accident years prior to 2013																			(4)
Liability for unallocated claim adjustment expenses for accident years presented																			20
Total net liability for unpaid claim and claim adjustment expenses																			$	396

Short-duration contracts reserve development

Net strengthening (releases) of prior accident year reserves is presented in the following table.

For the years ended December 31	Calendar Year
(In millions)	2014(1)		2015(1)		2016(1)		2017(1)		2018(1)		2019(1)		2020(1)		2021(1)		2022		Total
Accident Year
2013	$	1	$	(6)	$	(9)	$	(15)	$	(4)	$	(4)	$	(1)	$	—	$	—	$	(38)
2014			1		(30)		(25)		(9)		(15)		—		(2)		(1)		(81)
2015					—		(27)		(25)		(16)		(5)		(5)		(8)		(86)
2016							—		(15)		(25)		(17)		(3)		(6)		(66)
2017									(5)		(12)		(19)		(13)		(5)		(54)
2018											(6)		(17)		(29)		(6)		(58)
2019													(7)		(14)		(11)		(32)
2020															(9)		(38)		(47)
2021																	(8)		(8)
Total net development for the accident years presented above													(66)		(75)		(83)
Total net development for accident years prior to 2013													(3)		2		—
Total unallocated claim adjustment expense development													—		—		—
Total													$	(69)	$	(73)	$	(83)

(1) Data presented for these calendar years is required supplemental information, which is unaudited.

Commercial Auto | Commercial

Short-duration Insurance Contracts, Net Incurred Claim and Claim Adjustment Expenses [Line Items]

Short-duration contracts net incurred claims and allocated claim adjustment expenses

Cumulative Net Incurred Claim and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expenses are presented in the following table.

As of December 31	Calendar Year																				As of December 31, 2022
(In millions, except reported claims data)	2013(1)		2014(1)		2015(1)		2016(1)		2017(1)		2018(1)		2019(1)		2020(1)		2021(1)		2022		IBNR		Cumulative Number of Claims
Accident Year
2013	$	246	$	265	$	265	$	249	$	245	$	245	$	241	$	241	$	241	$	243	$	3	39,431
2014			234		223		212		205		205		201		201		202		201		1		33,631
2015					201		199		190		190		183		181		183		182		3		30,430
2016							198		186		186		186		190		195		200		7		30,452
2017									199		198		200		221		232		239		3		30,947
2018											229		227		227		245		254		5		34,319
2019													257		266		289		323		27		37,237
2020															310		303		304		56		29,070
2021																	397		388		153		32,575
2022																			437		263		30,229
																	Total		$	2,771	$	521

Short-duration contracts net cumulative paid claim adjustment expenses reconciliation of total liability for unpaid claim and claim adjustment expense

Cumulative Net Paid Claims and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expenses are presented in the following table.

As of December 31	Calendar Year
(In millions)	2013(1)		2014(1)		2015(1)		2016(1)		2017(1)		2018(1)		2019(1)		2020(1)		2021(1)		2022
Accident Year
2013	$	74	$	135	$	168	$	200	$	225	$	234	$	238	$	239	$	239	$	239
2014			64		102		137		166		187		196		198		199		199
2015					52		96		130		153		172		175		178		179
2016							52		93		126		154		175		185		190
2017									58		107		150		178		203		225
2018											66		128		175		212		238
2019													77		147		203		257
2020															71		134		197
2021																	83		168
2022																			112
																	Total		$	2,004
Net liability for unpaid claim and allocated claim adjustment expenses for the accident years presented																			$	767
Net liability for unpaid claim and claim adjustment expenses for accident years prior to 2013																			4
Liability for unallocated claim adjustment expenses for accident years presented																			16
Total net liability for unpaid claim and claim adjustment expenses																			$	787

Short-duration contracts reserve development

Net strengthening (releases) of prior accident year reserves is presented in the following table.

For the years ended December 31	Calendar Year
(In millions)	2014(1)		2015(1)		2016(1)		2017(1)		2018(1)		2019(1)		2020(1)		2021(1)		2022		Total
Accident Year
2013	$	19	$	—	$	(16)	$	(4)	$	—	$	(4)	$	—	$	—	$	2	$	(3)
2014			(11)		(11)		(7)		—		(4)		—		1		(1)		(33)
2015					(2)		(9)		—		(7)		(2)		2		(1)		(19)
2016							(12)		—		—		4		5		5		2
2017									(1)		2		21		11		7		40
2018											(2)		—		18		9		25
2019													9		23		34		66
2020															(7)		1		(6)
2021																	(9)		(9)
Total net development for the accident years presented above													32		53		47
Total net development for accident years prior to 2013													1		—		2
Total unallocated claim adjustment expense development													—		—		—
Total													$	33	$	53	$	49

(1) Data presented for these calendar years is required supplemental information, which is unaudited.

General Liability | Commercial

Short-duration Insurance Contracts, Net Incurred Claim and Claim Adjustment Expenses [Line Items]

Short-duration contracts net incurred claims and allocated claim adjustment expenses

Cumulative Net Incurred Claim and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expenses are presented in the following table.

As of December 31	Calendar Year																				As of December 31, 2022
(In millions, except reported claims data)	2013(1)		2014(1)		2015(1)		2016(1)		2017(1)		2018(1)		2019(1)		2020(1)		2021(1)		2022		IBNR		Cumulative Number of Claims
Accident Year
2013	$	650	$	655	$	650	$	655	$	613	$	623	$	620	$	623	$	624	$	629	$	32	33,738
2014			653		658		654		631		635		658		659		659		676		34		28,131
2015					581		576		574		589		600		602		617		625		33		24,200
2016							623		659		667		671		673		683		684		43		24,699
2017									632		632		632		634		630		652		32		22,359
2018											653		644		646		639		650		127		20,242
2019													680		682		682		691		227		19,265
2020															723		722		726		434		13,998
2021																	782		784		527		13,775
2022																			929		835		10,572
																	Total		$	7,046	$	2,324

Short-duration contracts net cumulative paid claim adjustment expenses reconciliation of total liability for unpaid claim and claim adjustment expense

Cumulative Net Paid Claims and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expenses are presented in the following table.

As of December 31	Calendar Year
(In millions)	2013(1)		2014(1)		2015(1)		2016(1)		2017(1)		2018(1)		2019(1)		2020(1)		2021(1)		2022
Accident Year
2013	$	31	$	128	$	240	$	352	$	450	$	510	$	551	$	572	$	582	$	586
2014			31		119		247		376		481		547		569		607		624
2015					19		110		230		357		446		501		530		561
2016							32		163		279		407		481		524		582
2017									23		118		250		399		471		553
2018											33		107		228		307		428
2019													25		98		181		322
2020															23		99		192
2021																	26		140
2022																			29
																	Total		$	4,017
Net liability for unpaid claim and allocated claim adjustment expenses for the accident years presented																			$	3,029
Net liability for unpaid claim and claim adjustment expenses for accident years prior to 2013																			118
Liability for unallocated claim adjustment expenses for accident years presented																			59
Total net liability for unpaid claim and claim adjustment expenses																			$	3,206

Short-duration contracts reserve development

Net strengthening (releases) of prior accident year reserves is presented in the following table.

For the years ended December 31	Calendar Year
(In millions)	2014(1)		2015(1)		2016(1)		2017(1)		2018(1)		2019(1)		2020(1)		2021(1)		2022		Total
Accident Year
2013	$	5	$	(5)	$	5	$	(42)	$	10	$	(3)	$	3	$	1	$	5	$	(21)
2014			5		(4)		(23)		4		23		1		—		17		23
2015					(5)		(2)		15		11		2		15		8		44
2016							36		8		4		2		10		1		61
2017									—		—		2		(4)		22		20
2018											(9)		2		(7)		11		(3)
2019													2		—		9		11
2020															(1)		4		3
2021																	2		2
Total net development for the accident years presented above													14		14		79
Total net development for accident years prior to 2013													1		(1)		(12)
Total unallocated claim adjustment expense development													—		2		—
Total													$	15	$	15	$	67

(1) Data presented for these calendar years is required supplemental information, which is unaudited.

Workers' Compensation | Commercial

Short-duration Insurance Contracts, Net Incurred Claim and Claim Adjustment Expenses [Line Items]

Short-duration contracts net incurred claims and allocated claim adjustment expenses

Cumulative Net Incurred Claim and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expenses are presented in the following table.

As of December 31	Calendar Year																				As of December 31, 2022
(In millions, except reported claims data)	2013(1)		2014(1)		2015(1)		2016(1)		2017(1)		2018(1)		2019(1)		2020(1)		2021(1)		2022		IBNR		Cumulative Number of Claims
Accident Year
2013	$	537	$	572	$	592	$	618	$	593	$	582	$	561	$	552	$	548	$	537	$	82	38,979
2014			467		480		479		452		450		446		439		448		430		76		33,522
2015					422		431		406		408		394		382		372		353		80		31,899
2016							426		405		396		382		366		355		331		77		31,991
2017									440		432		421		400		402		399		81		33,130
2018											450		440		428		415		415		93		34,875
2019													452		449		437		436		105		34,324
2020															477		466		446		182		29,392
2021																	468		454		202		29,886
2022																			497		308		28,753
																	Total		$	4,298	$	1,286

Short-duration contracts net cumulative paid claim adjustment expenses reconciliation of total liability for unpaid claim and claim adjustment expense

Cumulative Net Paid Claims and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expenses are presented in the following table.

As of December 31	Calendar Year
(In millions)	2013(1)		2014(1)		2015(1)		2016(1)		2017(1)		2018(1)		2019(1)		2020(1)		2021(1)		2022
Accident Year
2013	$	80	$	213	$	300	$	370	$	417	$	419	$	411	$	414	$	417	$	423
2014			61		159		215		258		282		290		297		306		312
2015					51		131		180		212		231		243		251		256
2016							53		129		169		198		219		227		234
2017									63		151		207		243		265		279
2018											68		163		229		259		280
2019													71		169		223		262
2020															65		147		200
2021																	67		164
2022																			79
																	Total		$	2,489
Net liability for unpaid claim and allocated claim adjustment expenses for the accident years presented																			$	1,809
Net liability for unpaid claim and claim adjustment expenses for accident years prior to 2013																			1,874
Other (2)																			(20)
Liability for unallocated claim adjustment expenses for accident years presented																			76
Total net liability for unpaid claim and claim adjustment expenses																			$	3,739

Short-duration contracts reserve development

Net strengthening (releases) of prior accident year reserves is presented in the following table.

For the years ended December 31	Calendar Year
(In millions)	2014(1)		2015(1)		2016(1)		2017(1)		2018(1)		2019(1)		2020(1)		2021(1)		2022		Total
Accident Year
2013	$	35	$	20	$	26	$	(25)	$	(11)	$	(21)	$	(9)	$	(4)	$	(11)	$	—
2014			13		(1)		(27)		(2)		(4)		(7)		9		(18)		(37)
2015					9		(25)		2		(14)		(12)		(10)		(19)		(69)
2016							(21)		(9)		(14)		(16)		(11)		(24)		(95)
2017									(8)		(11)		(21)		2		(3)		(41)
2018											(10)		(12)		(13)		—		(35)
2019													(3)		(12)		(1)		(16)
2020															(11)		(20)		(31)
2021																	(14)		(14)
Total net development for the accident years presented above													(80)		(50)		(110)
Adjustment for development on a discounted basis													2		2		(3)
Total net development for accident years prior to 2013													(18)		(34)		(49)
Total unallocated claim adjustment expense development													—		—		10
Total													$	(96)	$	(82)	$	(152)

(1) Data presented for these calendar years is required supplemental information, which is unaudited.

(2) Other includes the effect of discounting lifetime claim reserves.

Excluding Hardy | International

Short-duration Insurance Contracts, Net Incurred Claim and Claim Adjustment Expenses [Line Items]

Short-duration contracts net incurred claims and allocated claim adjustment expenses

Cumulative Net Incurred Claim and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expenses are presented in the following table.

As of December 31	Calendar Year																				As of December 31, 2022
(In millions, except reported claims data)	2013(1)		2014(1)		2015(1)		2016(1)		2017(1)		2018(1)		2019(1)		2020(1)		2021(1)		2022		IBNR		Cumulative Number of Claims
Accident Year
2013	$	279	$	281	$	274	$	255	$	250	$	243	$	235	$	231	$	234	$	235	$	11	23,971
2014			268		283		282		271		264		281		282		273		279		13		24,962
2015					280		295		294		278		273		275		277		277		22		23,372
2016							275		292		279		277		268		281		283		29		17,813
2017									290		351		371		364		359		348		57		18,498
2018											357		374		379		378		390		67		20,849
2019													331		344		341		348		69		18,354
2020															368		360		350		138		14,952
2021																	396		385		201		13,580
2022																			414		294		8,320
																	Total		$	3,309	$	901

Short-duration contracts net cumulative paid claim adjustment expenses reconciliation of total liability for unpaid claim and claim adjustment expense

Cumulative Net Paid Claims and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expenses are presented in the following table.

As of December 31	Calendar Year
(In millions)	2013(1)		2014(1)		2015(1)		2016(1)		2017(1)		2018(1)		2019(1)		2020(1)		2021(1)		2022
Accident Year
2013	$	48	$	109	$	135	$	151	$	165	$	174	$	192	$	203	$	209	$	212
2014			50		118		145		162		178		198		230		234		241
2015					55		128		158		177		199		213		223		230
2016							64		127		153		175		187		208		220
2017									63		142		181		209		230		256
2018											88		162		208		236		260
2019													71		159		195		218
2020															58		125		158
2021																	54		121
2022																			45
Total																			$	1,961
Net liability for unpaid claim and allocated claim adjustment expenses for the accident years presented																			$	1,348
Net liability for unpaid claim and claim adjustment expenses for accident years prior to 2013																			56
Liability for unallocated claim adjustment expenses for accident years presented																			37
Total net liability for unpaid claim and claim adjustment expenses																			$	1,441

Short-duration contracts reserve development

Net strengthening (releases) of prior accident year reserves is presented in the following table.

For the years ended December 31	Calendar Year
(In millions)	2014(1)		2015(1)		2016(1)		2017(1)		2018(1)		2019(1)		2020(1)		2021(1)		2022		Total (2)
Accident Year
2013	$	2	$	(7)	$	(19)	$	(5)	$	(7)	$	(8)	$	(4)	$	3	$	1	$	(44)
2014			15		(1)		(11)		(7)		17		1		(9)		6		11
2015					15		(1)		(16)		(5)		2		2		—		(3)
2016							17		(13)		(2)		(9)		13		2		8
2017									61		20		(7)		(5)		(11)		58
2018											17		5		(1)		12		33
2019													13		(3)		7		17
2020															(8)		(10)		(18)
2021																	(11)		(11)

(1) Data presented for these calendar years is required supplemental information, which is unaudited.

(2) The amounts included in the loss reserve development tables above are presented at the year-end 2022 foreign currency exchange rates for all periods presented to remove the effects of foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations between calendar years. The amounts included within the table on page 102 presenting the detail of the development recorded within the International segment include the impact of fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates.