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Business Segments
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2022
Segment Reporting [Abstract]  
Business Segments Business Segments
The Company's property and casualty commercial insurance operations are managed and reported in three business segments: Specialty, Commercial and International. These three segments are collectively referred to as Property & Casualty Operations. Specialty provides management and professional liability and other coverages through property and casualty products and services using a network of brokers, independent agencies and managing general underwriters. Commercial works with a network of brokers and independent agents to market a broad range of property and casualty insurance products to all types of insureds targeting small business, construction, middle markets and other commercial customers. The International segment underwrites property and casualty coverages on a global basis through a branch operation in Canada, a European business consisting of insurance companies based in the U.K. and Luxembourg and Hardy, the Company's Lloyd's syndicate.
The Company's operations outside of Property & Casualty Operations are managed and reported in two segments: Life & Group and Corporate & Other. Life & Group primarily includes the results of the long term care business that is in run-off. Corporate & Other primarily includes certain corporate expenses, including interest on corporate debt and the results of certain property and casualty business in run-off, including CNA Re, A&EP, a legacy portfolio of EWC policies and certain legacy mass tort reserves.
The accounting policies of the segments are the same as those described in Note A to the Consolidated Financial Statements. The Company manages most of its assets on a legal entity basis, while segment operations are generally conducted across legal entities. As such, only Insurance and Reinsurance receivables, Insurance reserves, Deferred acquisition costs, Goodwill and Deferred non-insurance warranty acquisition expense and revenue are readily identifiable for individual segments. Distinct investment portfolios are not maintained for every individual segment; accordingly, allocation of assets to each segment is not performed. Therefore, a significant portion of Net investment income and Net investment gains or losses are allocated primarily based on each segment's net carried insurance reserves, as adjusted. All significant intersegment income and expense have been eliminated. Income taxes have been allocated on the basis of the taxable income of the segments.
Approximately 10%, 10% and 9% of the Company's direct written premiums were derived from outside the United States for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020.
In the following tables, certain financial measures are presented to provide information used by management to monitor the Company's operating performance. Management utilizes these financial measures to monitor the Company's insurance operations and investment portfolio.
The performance of the Company's insurance operations is monitored by management through core income (loss), which is derived from certain income statement amounts. The Company's investment portfolio is monitored by management through analysis of various factors including unrealized gains and losses on securities, portfolio duration and exposure to market and credit risk.
Core income (loss) is calculated by excluding from net income (loss) the after-tax effects of net investment gains or losses and any cumulative effects of changes in accounting guidance. The calculation of core income (loss) excludes net investment gains or losses because net investment gains or losses are generally driven by economic factors that are not necessarily reflective of our primary operations.
The Company's results of operations and selected balance sheet items by segment are presented in the following tables.
Year ended December 31, 2022
Specialty
Commercial		InternationalLife &
Group		Corporate
& Other		  
(In millions)EliminationsTotal
Net written premiums$3,306 $4,193 $1,164 $467 $(1)$(1)$9,128 
Operating revenues 
Net earned premiums$3,203 $3,923 $1,070 $473 $(1)$(1)$8,667 
Net investment income431 488 63 804 19 — 1,805 
Non-insurance warranty revenue1,574 — — — — — 1,574 
Other revenues1 30 1 (1)6 (5)32 
Total operating revenues5,209 4,441 1,134 1,276 24 (6)12,078 
Claims, benefits and expenses      
Net incurred claims and benefits1,839 2,607 637 1,202 76 — 6,361 
Policyholders’ dividends6 19 — — — — 25 
Amortization of deferred acquisition costs656 634 200 — — — 1,490 
Non-insurance warranty expense1,471 — — — — — 1,471 
Other insurance related expenses336 557 146 118 4 (1)1,160 
Other expenses51 36 26 9 174 (5)291 
Total claims, benefits and expenses4,359 3,853 1,009 1,329 254 (6)10,798 
Core income (loss) before income tax850 588 125 (53)(230)— 1,280 
Income tax (expense) benefit on core income (loss)(182)(122)(19)44 47 — (232)
Core income (loss) $668 $466 $106 $(9)$(183)$— 1,048 
Net investment gains (losses)(199)
Income tax (expense) benefit on net investment gains (losses)45 
Net investment gains (losses), after tax(154)
Net income (loss)$894 
December 31, 2022
(In millions)      
Reinsurance receivables$1,384 $1,062 $414 $101 $2,477 $— $5,438 
Insurance receivables1,082 1,728 369 8 — — 3,187 
Deferred acquisition costs381 321 104 — — — 806 
Goodwill117 — 27 — — — 144 
Deferred non-insurance warranty acquisition expense3,671 — — — — — 3,671 
Insurance reserves 
Claim and claim adjustment expenses6,878 9,395 2,403 3,674 2,749 — 25,099 
Unearned premiums3,193 2,425 653 103 — — 6,374 
Future policy benefits— — — 10,151 — — 10,151 
Deferred non-insurance warranty revenue4,714 — — — — — 4,714 
Year ended December 31, 2021
Specialty
Commercial		InternationalLife &
Group		Corporate
& Other		  
(In millions)EliminationsTotal
Net written premiums$3,225 $3,595 $1,101 $485 $— $(1)$8,405 
Operating revenues 
Net earned premiums$3,076 $3,552 $1,057 $491 $— $(1)$8,175 
Net investment income497 624 57 966 15 — 2,159 
Non-insurance warranty revenue1,430 — — — — — 1,430 
Other revenues1 23 — — 6 (6)24 
Total operating revenues5,004 4,199 1,114 1,457 21 (7)11,788 
Claims, benefits and expenses    
Net incurred claims and benefits1,787 2,540 652 1,239 109 — 6,327 
Policyholders’ dividends3 19 — — — — 22 
Amortization of deferred acquisition costs643 594 206 — — — 1,443 
Non-insurance warranty expense1,328 — — — — — 1,328 
Other insurance related expenses296 511 144 103 9 (1)1,062 
Other expenses47 38 (2)10 155 (6)242 
Total claims, benefits and expenses4,104 3,702 1,000 1,352 273 (7)10,424 
Core income (loss) before income tax900 497 114 105 (252)— 1,364 
Income tax (expense) benefit on core income (loss)(196)(103)(28)21 48 — (258)
Core income (loss)$704 $394 $86 $126 $(204)$— 1,106 
Net investment gains (losses)120 
Income tax (expense) benefit on net investment gains (losses)(24)
Net investment gains (losses), after tax96 
Net income (loss)$1,202 
December 31, 2021
(In millions)
Reinsurance receivables$1,200 $923 $381 $401 $2,579 $— $5,484 
Insurance receivables1,136 1,488 340 6 4 — 2,974 
Deferred acquisition costs363 278 96 — — — 737 
Goodwill117 — 31 — — — 148 
Deferred non-insurance warranty acquisition expense3,476 — — — — — 3,476 
Insurance reserves 
Claim and claim adjustment expenses6,433 8,890 2,280 3,754 2,817 — 24,174 
Unearned premiums3,001 2,066 585 109 — — 5,761 
Future policy benefits— — — 13,236 — — 13,236 
Deferred non-insurance warranty revenue4,503 — — — — — 4,503 
Year ended December 31, 2020
Specialty
Commercial		Life &
Group		Corporate
& Other
(In millions)InternationalEliminationsTotal
Net written premiums$3,040 $3,565 $961 $494 $— $(1)$8,059 
Operating revenues 
Net earned premiums$2,883 $3,323 $940 $504 $— $(1)$7,649 
Net investment income449 513 58 851 64 — 1,935 
Non-insurance warranty revenue1,252 — — — — — 1,252 
Other revenues1 25 — — 5 (5)26 
Total operating revenues4,585 3,861 998 1,355 69 (6)10,862 
Claims, benefits and expenses     
Net incurred claims and benefits1,792 2,375 629 1,286 67 — 6,149 
Policyholders’ dividends3 18 — — — — 21 
Amortization of deferred acquisition costs621 592 197 — — — 1,410 
Non-insurance warranty expense1,159 — — — — — 1,159 
Other insurance related expenses280 506 136 109 (2)(1)1,028 
Other expenses50 34 (7)7 141 (5)220 
Total claims, benefits and expenses3,905 3,525 955 1,402 206 (6)9,987 
Core income (loss) before income tax680 336 43 (47)(137)— 875 
Income tax (expense) benefit on core income (loss)(145)(69)(5)56 23 — (140)
Core income (loss)$535 $267 $38 $9 $(114)$— 735 
Net investment gains (losses)(54)
Income tax (expense) benefit on net investment gains (losses)9 
Net investment gains (losses), after tax(45)
Net income (loss)$690 
The following table presents operating revenues by line of business for each reportable segment.
Years ended December 31
(In millions)202220212020
Specialty
Management & Professional Liability$2,771 $2,776 $2,577 
Surety652 604 596 
Warranty & Alternative Risks1,786 1,624 1,412 
Specialty revenues5,209 5,004 4,585 
Commercial
Middle Market1,532 1,508 1,444 
Construction1,421 1,322 1,120 
Small Business581 558 482 
Other Commercial907 811 815 
Commercial revenues4,441 4,199 3,861 
International
Canada366 344 291 
Europe466 473 389 
Hardy302 297 318 
International revenues1,134 1,114 998 
Life & Group revenues1,276 1,457 1,355 
Corporate & Other revenues 24 21 69 
Eliminations(6)(7)(6)
Total operating revenues12,078 11,788 10,862 
Net investment gains (losses)(199)120 (54)
Total revenues$11,879 $11,908 $10,808