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Income Taxes
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2022
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes Income Taxes
The CNA Tax Group is included in the consolidated federal income tax return of Loews and its eligible subsidiaries. Loews and the Company have agreed that for each taxable year, the Company will 1) be paid by Loews the amount, if any, by which the Loews consolidated federal income tax liability is reduced by virtue of the inclusion of the CNA Tax Group in the Loews consolidated federal income tax return, or 2) pay to Loews an amount, if any, equal to the federal income tax that would have been payable by the CNA Tax Group filing a separate consolidated tax return. In the event that Loews should have a net operating loss in the future computed on the basis of filing a separate consolidated tax return without the CNA Tax Group, the Company may be required to repay tax recoveries previously received from Loews. This agreement may be canceled by either party upon 30 days written notice.
For the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, the Company paid $254 million, $238 million and $65 million to Loews related to federal income taxes.
For 2020 through 2022, Loews and the Company participate in the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) Compliance Assurance Process (CAP), which is a voluntary program for large corporations. Under CAP, the IRS conducts a real-time audit and works contemporaneously with the Company to resolve any issues prior to the filing of the tax return. For 2020 and 2021, the Company was selected to participate in the phase of CAP reserved for taxpayers whose risk of noncompliance does not warrant use of IRS resources. The Company believes that this approach should reduce tax-related uncertainties, if any.
As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, there were no unrecognized tax benefits.
The Company recognizes interest accrued related to unrecognized tax benefits and tax refund claims in Income tax (expense) benefit on the Consolidated Statements of Operations. The Company recognizes penalties (if any) in Income tax (expense) benefit on the Consolidated Statements of Operations. During 2022, 2021 and 2020 the Company recognized no interest and no penalties. There were no amounts accrued for interest or penalties as of December 31, 2022 or 2021.
The following table presents a reconciliation between the Company's income tax expense at statutory rates and the recorded income tax expense.
Years ended December 31
(In millions)202220212020
Income tax expense at statutory rates$(227)$(312)$(172)
Tax benefit from tax exempt income41 51 52 
Foreign taxes and credits15 (3)2 
State income tax expense(10)(13)(6)
Other tax expense(6)(5)(7)
Income tax expense$(187)$(282)$(131)
As of December 31, 2022, no deferred taxes are required on the undistributed earnings of subsidiaries subject to tax.
The following table presents the current and deferred components of the Company's income tax expense.
Years ended December 31
(In millions)202220212020
Current tax expense$(221)$(235)$(180)
Deferred tax benefit (expense) 34 (47)49 
Total income tax expense$(187)$(282)$(131)
Total income tax presented above includes foreign tax expense of approximately $1 million, $18 million and $16 million related to pretax income from foreign operations of approximately $141 million, $124 million and $45 million for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020. Foreign tax expense for the year ended December 31, 2022 includes a $10 million tax benefit for the revaluation of net deferred tax assets related to a United Kingdom (U.K.) tax rate change.
The deferred tax effects of the significant components of the Company's deferred tax assets and liabilities are presented in the following table.
December 31
(In millions)20222021
Deferred Tax Assets:
Insurance reserves:
Property and casualty claim and claim adjustment expense reserves$188 $173 
Unearned premium reserves190 193 
Deferred Revenue64 64 
Employee benefits35 46 
Deferred retroactive reinsurance benefit89 90 
Net unrealized losses706 — 
Other assets116 88 
Gross deferred tax assets1,388 654 
Deferred Tax Liabilities:
Investment valuation differences59 93 
Deferred acquisition costs113 99 
Net unrealized gains— 272 
Software and hardware21 27 
Other liabilities17 21 
Gross deferred tax liabilities210 512 
Net deferred tax asset$1,178 $142 
As of December 31, 2022, the CNA Tax Group had no loss carryforwards and no tax credit carryforward. The foreign operations had loss carryforwards of $205 million, which have no expiration. The foreign operations had a tax credit carryforward of $6 million, which has no expiration.
Although realization of deferred tax assets is not assured, management believes it is more likely than not that the recognized net deferred tax asset will be realized through recoupment of ordinary and capital taxes paid in prior carryback years and through future earnings, reversal of existing temporary differences and available tax planning strategies. As a result, no valuation allowance was recorded as of December 31, 2022 or 2021.