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Legal Proceedings, Contingencies and Guarantees
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2018
Legal Proceedings, Commitments and Contingencies, and Guarantees [Abstract]  
Legal Proceedings, Contingencies and Guarantees
Legal Proceedings, Contingencies and Guarantees
Small Business Premium Rate Adjustment
In 2016 and 2017, the Company identified rating errors related to its multi-peril package product and workers' compensation policies within its Small Business unit and determined that it would voluntarily issue premium refunds along with interest on affected policies. After the rating errors were identified, written and earned premium were reported net of any impact from the premium rate adjustments.
The policyholder refunds for the multi-peril package product were completed in the third quarter of 2017. The policyholder refunds for workers’ compensation policies were completed in the fourth quarter of 2018.
For the year ended December 31, 2016, the Company recorded a charge which reduced earned premium by $16 million. For the year ended December 31, 2017, earned premium was reduced by $36 million. For the year ended December 31, 2018, earned premium increased by $6 million as a result of a change in estimate of the refund payments to policyholders. Additionally, Interest expense recognized for interest due to policyholders on the premium rate adjustments was $1 million and $7 million for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017.
Other Litigation
The Company is a party to other routine litigation incidental to its business, which, based on the facts and circumstances currently known, is not material to the Company's results of operations or financial position.
Guarantees
As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, the Company had recorded liabilities of approximately $5 million related to guarantee and indemnification agreements and management does not believe that any future indemnity claims will be significantly greater than the amounts recorded.
In the course of selling business entities and assets to third parties, the Company agreed to guarantee the performance of certain obligations of previously owned subsidiaries and to indemnify purchasers for losses arising out of breaches of representation and warranties with respect to the business entities or assets sold, including, in certain cases, losses arising from undisclosed liabilities or certain named litigation. Such guarantee and indemnification agreements in effect for sales of business entities, assets and third-party loans may include provisions that survive indefinitely. As of December 31, 2018, the aggregate amount related to quantifiable guarantees was $375 million and the aggregate amount related to quantifiable indemnification agreements was $252 million. In certain cases, should the Company be required to make payments under any such guarantee, it would have the right to seek reimbursement from an affiliate of a previously owned subsidiary.
In addition, the Company has agreed to provide indemnification to third-party purchasers for certain losses associated with sold business entities or assets that are not limited by a contractual monetary amount. As of December 31, 2018, the Company had outstanding unlimited indemnifications in connection with the sales of certain of its business entities or assets that included tax liabilities arising prior to a purchaser's ownership of an entity or asset, defects in title at the time of sale, employee claims arising prior to closing and in some cases losses arising from certain litigation and undisclosed liabilities. Certain provisions of the indemnification agreements survive indefinitely, while others survive until the applicable statutes of limitation expire, or until the agreed-upon contract terms expire.
The Company also provided guarantees, if the primary obligor fails to perform, to holders of structured settlement annuities provided by a previously owned subsidiary. As of December 31, 2018, the potential amount of future payments the Company could be required to pay under these guarantees was approximately $1.8 billion, which will be paid over the lifetime of the annuitants. The Company does not believe any payment is likely under these guarantees, as the Company is the beneficiary of a trust that must be maintained at a level that approximates the discounted reserves for these annuities.