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Accounting Policies
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2016
Accounting Policies [Abstract]  
Accounting Policies

2. Accounting Policies

 

Estimates - The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. The most sensitive and significant accounting estimates relate to customer rebates, valuation allowances for deferred income tax assets, obsolete and slow-moving inventories, potentially uncollectible accounts receivable, pension liability and accruals for income taxes. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

 

Principles of Consolidation - The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its subsidiaries, all of which are wholly owned by the Company. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions are eliminated in consolidation.

 

Translation of Foreign Currency - For foreign operations whose functional currencies are not U.S. dollars, assets and liabilities are translated at rates in effect at the end of the year; revenues and expenses are translated at average rates in effect during the year. Resulting translation adjustments are made directly to accumulated other comprehensive income. Foreign currency transaction gains and losses are recognized in operating results. Foreign currency transaction losses, which are included in other expense, net, were $75,041 in 2016 and $202,587 in 2015.

 

Cash Equivalents - Investments with an original maturity of three months or less, as well as time deposits and certificates of deposit that are readily redeemable at the date of purchase, are considered cash equivalents.

 

Accounts Receivable - Accounts receivable are shown less an allowance for doubtful accounts of $152,357 at December 31, 2016 and $104,760 at December 31, 2015.

 

Inventories - Inventories are stated at the lower of cost, determined by the first-in, first-out method, or market.

 

Property, Plant and Equipment and Depreciation – Property, plant and equipment is recorded at cost. Depreciation is computed by the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets, which range from 3 to 30 years.

 

Intangible Assets– Intangible assets with finite useful lives are recorded at cost upon acquisition, and amortized over the term of the related contract or useful life, as applicable. Intangible assets held by the Company with finite useful lives include patents and trademarks. Patents and trademarks are amortized over their estimated useful lives. The weighted average amortization period for intangible assets at December 31, 2016 was 8 years. The Company periodically reviews the values recorded for intangible assets to assess recoverability from future operations whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that their carrying amounts may not be recoverable. At December 31, 2016 and 2015, the Company assessed the recoverability of its long-lived assets and believed that there were no events or circumstances present that would that would require a test of recoverability on those assets. As a result, there was no impairment of the carrying amounts of such assets and no reduction in their estimated useful lives.

 

Deferred Income Taxes - Deferred income taxes are provided for the differences between the financial statement and tax bases of assets and liabilities, and on operating loss carryovers, using tax rates in effect in years in which the differences are expected to reverse.

 

Revenue Recognition – Revenue is recognized when the price is fixed, the title and risks and rewards of ownership have passed to the customer, and when collection is reasonably assured. Depending on the contractual terms of each customer, revenue is recognized either at the time of shipment or upon delivery. When revenue is recorded, estimates of returns are made and recorded as a reduction of revenue. Customer rebates and incentives are earned based on promotional programs in place, volume of purchases or other factors are also estimated at the time of revenue recognition and recorded as a reduction of that revenue.

 

Research and Development – Research and development costs ($750,000 in 2016 and 690,000 in 2015) are expensed as incurred.

 

Shipping Costs – The costs of shipping product to our customers ($5,388,481 in 2016 and $4,597,663 in 2015) are included in selling, general and administrative expenses.

 

Advertising Costs – The Company expenses the production costs of advertising the first time that the related advertising takes place. Advertising costs ($1,934,250 in 2016 and $1,717,456 in 2015) are included in selling, general and administrative expenses.

 

Subsequent Events - The Company has evaluated events and transactions subsequent to December 31, 2016 through the date the consolidated financial statements were included in this Form 10-K and filed with the SEC.

 

Concentration – The Company performs ongoing credit evaluations of its customers and generally does not require collateral for the extension of credit. Allowances for credit losses are provided and have been within management's expectations. In 2016 and 2015, the Company had two customers that individually exceeded 10% of consolidated net sales. In 2016, net sales to these customers amounted to approximately 14% and 11%, respectively, and 12% for each in 2015.

 

Recently Issued Accounting Standards

 

In February 2016, the FASB issued guidance that will change the requirements for accounting for leases. The principal change under the new accounting guidance is that lessees under leases classified as operating leases will recognize a right-of-use asset and a lease liability. Current lease accounting does not require lessees to recognize assets and liabilities arising under operating leases on the balance sheet. Under the new guidance, lessees (including lessees under leases classified as finance leases and operating leases) will recognize a right-to-use asset and a lease liability on the balance sheet, initially measured as the present value of lease payments under the lease. Expense recognition and cash flow presentation guidance will be based upon whether the lease is classified as an operating lease or a finance lease (the classification criteria for distinguishing between finance leases and operating leases is substantially similar to the classification criteria for distinguishing between capital leases and operating leases under current guidance). The standard is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2018. Early adoption is permitted. The new standard must be adopted using a modified retrospective transition approach for capital and operating leases existing at, or entered into after, the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented in the financial statements; the guidance provides certain practical expedients. The Company is currently evaluating this guidance to determine its impact on the Company’s results of operations, cash flows and financial position.

 

In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-09 to improve the accounting for employee share-based payments. This standard simplifies several aspects of the accounting for share-based payment award transactions, including the income tax consequences, classification of awards as either equity or liabilities, and classification on the statement of cash flows, as part of FASB’s simplification initiative to reduce cost and complexity in accounting standards while maintaining or improving the usefulness of the information provided to the users of financial state. The Company is still evaluating whether the adoption of this standard on January 1, 2017 will have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.

 

In November 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-17, "Balance Sheet Classification of Deferred Taxes" (Topic 740), which simplifies the presentation of deferred income taxes. This ASU requires that deferred tax assets and liabilities be classified as non-current in a statement of financial position. ASU 2015-17 may be adopted either prospectively or retrospectively and is effective for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016, with early adoption permitted. The Company expects the adoption of this ASU to result in a reclassification of its net current deferred tax asset to the net non-current deferred tax asset on it consolidated balance sheet.

 

In August 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-14, which defers the effective date of ASU No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) by one year. ASU 2015-14 is a comprehensive new revenue recognition model requiring a company to recognize revenue to depict the transfer of goods or services to a customer at an amount reflecting the consideration it expects to receive in exchange for those goods or services. As a result, the ASU is now effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2017, which for us is the first quarter of 2018. Earlier application is permitted for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2016, including interim reporting periods within those years, which for us is the first quarter of 2017. We do not expect this ASU to have a material impact on our financial position, results of operations or disclosures.

 

In July 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-11, "Simplifying the Measurement of Inventory" (Topic 330). The new guidance changes the subsequent measurement of inventory from lower of cost or market to lower of cost and net realizable value. ASU 2015-11 should be applied on a prospective basis and is effective for the Company beginning in the first fiscal quarter of 2017. Early adoption is permitted. The Company does not expect the adoption of this guidance to have a material impact on its financial position, results of operations or cash flows.