Restructuring and other charges consists of severance and employee costs related to workforce reductions.

During the nine month period ended September 30, 2023, we incurred $48 million in restructuring charges and other costs consisting of $48 million of severance and employee costs resulting from workforce reductions, of which, approximately $23 million and $15 million related to larger workforce reductions during the second and third quarters of 2023, respectively.

During the nine month period ended September 30, 2022, we incurred $88 million in restructuring charges and other costs consisting of $44 million of lease impairment costs from the strategic exit of certain facilities, $35 million of severance and employee costs resulting from workforce reductions, and $9 million of costs related to other restructuring activities. Of the $35 million in severance and employee costs, approximately $26 million related to the second quarter of 2022, as a result of larger workforce reductions.

As part of Frontier’s cost reduction strategy, certain real estate leases will not be retained, or will be marketed for sublease. We evaluated the related right-of-use assets and other lease related assets for impairment under ASC 360. In connection with this analysis, we reassessed our leased real estate asset groups and estimated the fair value of the office space to be subleased under current market conditions. Where the carrying values of individual asset groups exceeded their fair values, an impairment charge was recognized for the difference.

The following is a summary of the changes in the liabilities established for restructuring and other related programs:



($ in millions)

Balance at January 1, 2023	$	9
Severance expense		48
Cash payments during the period		(39)
Balance at September 30, 2023	$	18