(1) Description of Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies:

(a) Description of Business:

Frontier Communications Corporation (Frontier) is the fourth largest Incumbent Local Exchange Carrier (ILEC) in the United States, with approximately 3.4 million customers, 2.5 million broadband subscribers and 19,200 employees, operating in 28 states. Frontier was incorporated in 1935, originally under the name of Citizens Utilities Company and was known as Citizens Communications Company until July 31, 2008. Frontier and its subsidiaries are referred to as “we,” “us,” “our,” “Frontier,” or the “Company” in this report.

Effective October 24, 2014, Frontier’s scope of operations and balance sheet capitalization changed materially as a result of the completion of the Connecticut Acquisition, as described in Note 3 - Acquisitions. Financial data presented for Frontier for periods prior to that date is not indicative of the future financial position or operating results for Frontier.

(b) Basis of Presentation and Use of Estimates:

Our consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (GAAP). Certain reclassifications of amounts previously reported have been made to conform to the current presentation. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Frontier had a 33⅓% controlling general partner interest in a partnership entity, the Mohave Cellular Limited Partnership (Mohave). Mohave’s results of operations and balance sheet were included in our consolidated financial statements through its date of disposal on April 1, 2013. The minority interest of the limited partners was reflected in the consolidated balance sheet as “Noncontrolling interest in a partnership” and in the consolidated statements of income as “Income attributable to the noncontrolling interest in a partnership.” On April 1, 2013, Frontier sold its partnership interest in Mohave and received proceeds of $18 million. Frontier recognized a gain on sale of approximately $15 million before taxes in 2013.

For our financial statements as of and for the period ended December 31, 2015, we evaluated subsequent events and transactions for potential recognition or disclosure through the date that we filed this Form 10-K with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC).

The preparation of our financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect (i) the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, (ii) the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities, and (iii) the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results may differ from those estimates. Estimates and judgments are used when accounting for the allowance for doubtful accounts, asset impairments, indefinite-lived intangibles, depreciation and amortization, income taxes, business combinations, and pension and other postretirement benefits, among others.

We consider all highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents.

(d) Revenue Recognition:

Revenue is recognized when services are provided or when products are delivered to customers. Revenue that is billed in advance includes monthly recurring network access services (including data services), special access services and monthly recurring voice, video and related charges. The unearned portion of these fees is initially deferred as a component of “Advanced billings” on our consolidated balance sheet and recognized as revenue over the period that the services are provided. Revenue that is billed in arrears includes non-recurring network access services (including data services), switched access services and non-recurring voice and video services. The earned but unbilled portion of these fees is recognized as revenue in our consolidated statements of operations and accrued in “Accounts Receivable” on our consolidated balance sheet in the period that the services are provided. Excise taxes are recognized as a liability when billed. Installation fees and their related direct and incremental costs are initially deferred and recognized as revenue and expense over the average term of a customer relationship. We recognize as current period expense the portion of installation costs that exceeds installation fee revenue.

Frontier collects various taxes from its customers and subsequently remits these taxes to governmental authorities. Substantially all of these taxes are recorded through the consolidated balance sheet and presented on a net basis in our consolidated statements of operations. We also collect Universal Service Fund (USF) surcharges from customers (primarily federal USF) that we have recorded on a gross basis in our consolidated statements of operations and included within “Revenue” and “Network related expenses” of $151 million, $125 million and $118 million for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively.

In 2015 we accepted the FCC’s Connect America Fund (CAF) Phase II offer of support, which is a successor to and augments the USF frozen high-cost support that we had been receiving pursuant to a 2011 FCC order. CAF Phase II funding is a program intended to subsidize the high-cost of establishing and delivering communications services to certain high-cost unserved or underserved areas. We are recognizing these subsidies into revenue consistent with how the costs related to these subsidies are being and are expected to be incurred, which is on a straight line basis. We may reserve against our subsidy revenue which would be based on our ability to meet the buildout requirements of CAF Phase II. CAF Phase II is a multi-year program which requires us to deploy broadband to an agreed upon number of households in each of the states where funding was accepted. Failure to meet our deployment obligations at the end of the program in 2020 will result in a return of a portion of the funding received. We regularly evaluate our ability to meet our broadband deployment obligations and adjust revenue accordingly.

We categorize our products, services and other revenues among the following four categories:

Voice services include traditional local and long distance wireline services, Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) services, as well as a number of unified messaging services offered to our residential and business customers. Voices services also include the long distance voice origination and termination services that we provide to our business customers and other carriers;

Data and Internet services include broadband services for residential and business customers. We provide data transmission services to high volume business customers and other carriers with dedicated high capacity circuits (“nonswitched access”) including services to wireless providers (“wireless backhaul”);

Other customer revenue includes residential video services, our provision for bad debts, sales of customer premise equipment to our business customers and directory services; and

Switched Access and Subsidy revenues include revenues derived from allowing other carriers to use our network to originate and/or terminate their local and long distance voice traffic (“switched access”). These services are primarily billed on a minutes-of-use basis applying tariffed rates filed with the FCC or state agencies. We also receive cost subsidies from state and federal authorities, including the Connect America Fund.

The following table provides a summary of revenues from external customers by the categories of Frontier’s products and services:




	For the year ended
	December 31,

($ in millions)	2015		2014		2013

Voice services	$	2,022	$	1,951	$	2,045
Data and Internet services		2,337		1,948		1,866
Other		540		354		299
Customer revenue		4,899		4,253		4,210
Switched access and subsidy		677		519		552
Total revenue	$	5,576	$	4,772	$	4,762

(e) Property, Plant and Equipment:

Property, plant and equipment are stated at original cost, including capitalized interest, or fair market value as of the date of acquisition for acquired properties. Maintenance and repairs are charged to operating expenses as incurred. The gross book value of routine property, plant and equipment retirements is charged against accumulated depreciation.

(f) Goodwill and Other Intangibles:

Goodwill represents the excess of purchase price over the fair value of identifiable tangible and intangible net assets acquired. We undertake studies to determine the fair values of assets and liabilities acquired and allocate purchase prices to assets and liabilities, including property, plant and equipment, goodwill and other identifiable intangibles. We examine the carrying value of our goodwill and trade name annually as of December 31, or more frequently, as circumstances warrant, to determine whether there are any impairment losses. We test for goodwill impairment at the “operating segment” level, as that term is defined in GAAP. During the second quarter of 2015, Frontier reorganized into six regional operating segments, which are aggregated into one reportable segment. In conjunction with the reorganization of our operating segments, effective with the second quarter of 2015, we reassigned goodwill using a relative fair value allocation approach.

Frontier amortizes finite-lived intangible assets over their estimated useful lives on the accelerated method of sum of the years digits. We review such intangible assets at least annually as of December 31st to assess whether any potential impairment exists and whether factors exist that would necessitate a change in useful life and a different amortization period.

(g) Impairment of Long-Lived Assets and Long-Lived Assets to Be Disposed Of:

We review long-lived assets to be held and used, including customer lists, and long-lived assets to be disposed of for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of such assets may not be recoverable. Recoverability of assets to be held and used is measured by comparing the carrying amount of the asset to the future undiscounted net cash flows expected to be generated by the asset. Recoverability of assets held for sale is measured by comparing the carrying amount of the assets to their estimated fair market value. If any assets are considered to be impaired, the impairment is measured by the amount by which the carrying amount of the assets exceeds the estimated fair value. Also, we periodically reassess the useful lives of our tangible and intangible assets to determine whether any changes are required.

(h) Investments:

Investments in entities that we do not control, but where we have the ability to exercise significant influence over operating and financial policies, are accounted for using the equity method of accounting.

(i) Income Taxes and Deferred Income Taxes:

We file a consolidated federal income tax return. We utilize the asset and liability method of accounting for income taxes. Under the asset and liability method, deferred income taxes are recorded for the tax effect of temporary differences between the financial statement basis and the tax basis of assets and liabilities using tax rates expected to be in effect when the temporary differences are expected to reverse.

(j) Stock Plans:

We have various stock-based compensation plans. Awards under these plans are granted to eligible employees and directors. Awards may be made in the form of incentive stock options, non-qualified stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, restricted stock units or other stock-based awards, including awards with performance, market and time-vesting conditions. Our general policy is to issue shares from treasury upon the grant of restricted shares, earning of performance shares and the exercise of options.

The compensation cost recognized is based on awards ultimately expected to vest. GAAP requires forfeitures to be estimated and revised, if necessary, in subsequent periods if actual forfeitures differ from those estimates.

(k) Net Income (Loss) Per Share Attributable to Frontier Common Shareholders:

Basic net income (loss) per common share is computed using the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period being reported on, excluding unvested restricted stock awards. The impact of dividends paid on unvested restricted stock awards have been deducted in the determination of basic and diluted net income (loss) per share attributable to Frontier common shareholders. Except when the effect would be antidilutive, diluted net income per common share reflects the dilutive effect of certain common stock equivalents, as described further in Note 12 – Net Income (Loss) Per Common Share.