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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies and Other Matters
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2011
Notes to Financial Statements [Abstract]  
Significant Accounting Policies [Text Block]
2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies and Other Matters

 

Basis of Presentation. The Company's consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with GAAP.

 

Principles of Consolidation. The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Southern Union and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. Investments in which the Company has significant influence over the operations of the investee are accounted for using the equity method. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions are eliminated in consolidation.

 

Use of Estimates. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Property, Plant and Equipment.

 

Additions. Ongoing additions of property, plant and equipment are stated at cost. The Company capitalizes all construction-related direct labor and material costs, as well as indirect construction costs. Such indirect construction costs primarily include capitalized interest costs (more fully described below in the Interest Cost Capitalized accounting policies disclosure) and labor and related costs of departments associated with supporting construction activities. The indirect capitalized labor and related costs are largely based upon results of periodic time studies or management reviews of time allocations, which provide an estimate of time spent supporting construction projects. The cost of replacements and betterments that extend the useful life of property, plant and equipment is also capitalized. The cost of repairs and replacements of minor property, plant and equipment items is charged to expense as incurred.

 

Retirements. When ordinary retirements of property, plant and equipment occur within the Company's regulated Transportation and Storage and Distribution segments, the original cost less salvage value is removed by a charge to accumulated depreciation and amortization, with no gain or loss recorded. When entire regulated operating units of property, plant and equipment are retired or sold, the original cost less salvage value and related accumulated depreciation and amortization accounts are removed, with any resulting gain or loss recorded in earnings.

 

When property, plant and equipment is retired within the Company's Gathering and Processing segment, or within its other non-regulated operations, the original cost less salvage value and accumulated depreciation and amortization balances are removed, with any resulting gain or loss recorded in earnings.

 

Depreciation. The Company computes depreciation expense using the straight-line method. Depreciation rates for the Company's Distribution segment are approved by the applicable regulatory commissions.

 

Computer Software. Computer software, which is a component of property, plant and equipment, is stated at cost and is generally amortized on a straight-line basis over its useful life on a product-by-product basis.

 

For additional information, see Note 13 – Property, Plant and Equipment.

 

Asset Impairment. An impairment loss is recognized when the carrying amount of a long-lived asset used in operations is not recoverable and exceeds its fair value. The carrying amount of a long-lived asset is not recoverable if it exceeds the sum of the undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the use and eventual disposition of the asset. A long-lived asset is tested for recoverability whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that its carrying amount may not be recoverable.

 

Goodwill. Goodwill resulting from a purchase business combination is not amortized, but instead is tested for impairment at the Company's Distribution segment reporting unit level at least annually by applying a fair-value based test. The annual impairment test is updated if events or circumstances occur that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of the reporting unit below its book carrying value. The Company evaluated goodwill for potential impairment for the years ended December 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009, and no impairment was indicated in the step one test. There were no changes recorded to goodwill for the years ended December 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009.

 

Cash and Cash Equivalents. Cash equivalents consist of highly liquid investments, which are readily convertible into cash and have original maturities of three months or less.

 

Under the Company's cash management system, checks issued but not presented to banks frequently result in book overdraft balances for accounting purposes and are classified in accounts payable in the Consolidated Balance Sheet. At December 31, 2011 and 2010, such book overdraft balances classified in accounts payable were approximately $21 million and $12 million, respectively.

 

Segment Reporting. The Company reports its operations under three reportable segments: the Transportation and Storage segment, the Gathering and Processing segment and the Distribution segment. See Note 18 – Reportable Segments for additional related information.

 

Transportation and Storage Segment Revenues. Revenues from transportation and storage of natural gas and LNG terminalling are based on capacity reservation charges and, to a lesser extent, commodity usage charges. Reservation revenues are based on contracted rates and capacity reserved by the customers and are recognized monthly. Revenues from commodity usage charges are also recognized monthly, based on the volumes received from or delivered for the customer, based on the tariff of that particular Panhandle entity, with any differences in volumes received and delivered resulting in an imbalance. Volume imbalances generally are settled in-kind with no impact on revenues, with the exception of Trunkline, which settles certain imbalances in cash pursuant to its tariff, and records gains and losses on such cashout sales as a component of revenue, to the extent not owed back to customers.

 

Gathering and Processing Segment Revenues and Cost of Sales Recognition. The business operations of the Gathering and Processing segment consist of connecting wells of natural gas producers to the Company's gathering system, treating natural gas to remove impurities, processing natural gas for the removal of NGL and then redelivering or marketing the treated natural gas and/or processed NGL to third parties. The terms and conditions of purchase arrangements with producers, including those limited arrangements with the same counterparty, offer various alternatives with respect to taking title to the purchased natural gas and/or NGL. These arrangements include (i) purchasing all or a specified percentage of natural gas and/or NGL delivered from producers and treating or processing in the Company's plant facilities and (ii) making other direct purchase of natural gas and/or NGL at specified delivery points to meet operational or marketing obligations. Cost of sales primarily includes the cost of purchased natural gas and/or NGL to which the Company has taken title. Operating revenues derived from the sale of natural gas and/or NGL are recognized in the period in which the physical product is delivered to the customer and title is transferred. Operating revenues derived from fees charged to producers are recognized in the period in which the service is provided. Operating revenues and cost of sales within the Gathering and Processing segment are reported on a gross basis.

 

Natural Gas Distribution Segment Revenues and Natural Gas Purchase Costs. In the Distribution segment, natural gas utility customers are billed on a monthly-cycle basis. The related cost of natural gas and revenue taxes are matched with cycle-billed revenues through utilization of purchased natural gas adjustment provisions in tariffs approved by the regulatory agencies having jurisdiction. Revenues from natural gas delivered but not yet billed are accrued, along with the related natural gas purchase costs and revenue-related taxes.

 

Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts. The Company manages trade credit risks to minimize exposure to uncollectible trade receivables. In the Transportation and Storage and Gathering and Processing segments, prospective and existing customers are reviewed for creditworthiness based upon pre-established standards. Customers that do not meet minimum standards are required to provide additional credit support. In the Distribution segment, concentrations of credit risk in trade receivables are limited due to the large customer base with relatively small individual account balances. Additionally, the Company requires a deposit from customers in the Distribution segment who lack a credit history or whose credit rating is substandard. The Company utilizes the allowance method for recording its allowance for uncollectible accounts, which is primarily based on the application of historical bad debt percentages applied against its aged accounts receivable. Increases in the allowance are recorded as a component of operating expenses; reductions in the allowance are recorded when receivables are subsequently collected or written off. Past due receivable balances are written-off when the Company's efforts have been unsuccessful in collecting the amount due.

 

The following table presents the balance in the allowance for doubtful accounts and activity for the periods presented.

 

 Years Ended December 31,
 2011 2010 2009
         
  (In thousands)
         
Beginning balance$ 3,321 $ 1,874 $ 6,003
Additions: charged to cost and expenses   8,089   8,681   8,601
Deductions: write-off of uncollectible accounts  (10,663)   (8,230)   (14,505)
Other  1,578   996   1,775
Ending balance$ 2,325 $ 3,321 $ 1,874

Earnings Per Share. Basic earnings per share is computed based on the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during each period. Diluted earnings per share is computed based on the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during each period, the assumed exercises of stock options and SARs, and the assumed vesting of restricted stock. See Note 5 – Earnings Per Share.

 

Stock-Based Compensation. The Company measures all employee stock-based compensation using a fair value method and records the related expense in its Consolidated Statement of Operations. For more information, see Note 14 – Stock-Based Compensation.

 

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss. The main components of comprehensive income (loss) that relate to the Company are net earnings, unrealized gain (loss) on hedging activities and unrealized actuarial gain (loss) and prior service credits (cost) on pension and other postretirement benefit plans. For more information, see Note 7 – Comprehensive Income (Loss).

 

Inventories. In the Transportation and Storage segment, inventories consist of natural gas held for operations and materials and supplies, both of which are carried at the lower of weighted average cost or market, while natural gas owed back to customers is valued at market. The natural gas held for operations that the Company does not expect to consume in its operations in the next twelve months is reflected in non-current assets.

 

In the Gathering and Processing segment, inventories consist of non-fractionated Y-grade NGL and materials and supplies, both of which are stated at the lower of weighted average cost or market. Materials and supplies are primarily comprised of compressor components and parts.

 

In the Distribution segment, inventories consist of natural gas in underground storage and materials and supplies. The natural gas in underground storage inventory carrying value is stated at weighted average cost and is not adjusted to a lower market value because, pursuant to purchased natural gas adjustment clauses, actual natural gas costs are recovered in customers' rates. Materials and supplies inventory is also stated at weighted average cost.

 

The following table sets forth the components of inventory at the dates indicated.

 

  Transportation & Gathering &      
  Storage Processing Distribution Total
             
  (In thousands)
December 31, 2011           
Current           
Natural gas (1)$ 95,916 $ - $ 62,307 $ 158,223
Materials and supplies  18,823   12,543   4,756   36,122
NGL (2)  -   9,890   -   9,890
 Total Current  114,739   22,433   67,063   204,235
             
Non-Current           
Natural gas (1)  2,643   -   -   2,643
  $ 117,382 $ 22,433 $ 67,063 $ 206,878
             
December 31, 2010           
Current           
Natural gas (1)$ 129,727 $ - $ 55,856 $ 185,583
Materials and Supplies  17,527   9,973   3,880   31,380
NGL (2)  -   9,912   -   9,912
 Total Current  147,254   19,885   59,736   226,875
             
Non-Current           
Natural gas (1)  5,715   -   -   5,715
  $ 152,969 $ 19,885 $ 59,736 $ 232,590
             

____________________

  • Natural gas volumes held for operations in the Transportation and Storage segment at December 31, 2011 and 2010 were 29,718,000 MMBtu and 30,598,000 MMBtu, respectively. Natural gas volumes held for operations in the Distribution segment at December 31, 2011 and 2010 were 14,191,000 MMBtu and 12,517,000 MMBtu, respectively.
  • NGL at December 31, 2011 and 2010 were 12,061,000 gallons and 12,061,000 gallons, respectively.

 

Unconsolidated Investments. Investments in affiliates over which the Company may exercise significant influence, generally 20 percent to 50 percent ownership interests, are accounted for using the equity method. Any excess of the Company's investment in affiliates, as compared to its share of the underlying equity, that is not recognized as goodwill is amortized over the estimated economic service lives of the underlying assets. Other investments over which the Company may not exercise significant influence are accounted for under the cost method. A loss in value of an investment, other than a temporary decline, is recognized in earnings. Evidence of a loss in value might include, but would not necessarily be limited to, absence of an ability to recover the carrying amount of the investment or inability of the investee to sustain an earnings capacity that would justify the carrying amount of the investment. A current fair value of an investment that is less than its carrying amount may indicate a loss in value of the investment. All of the above factors are considered in the Company's review of its equity method investments. See Note 6 – Unconsolidated Investments.

 

Regulatory Assets and Liabilities. The Company is subject to regulation by certain state and federal authorities. In its Distribution segment, the Company's accounting policies are in accordance with the accounting requirements and ratemaking practices of the applicable regulatory authorities. These accounting policies allow the Company to defer expenses and revenues on the balance sheet as regulatory assets and liabilities when it is probable that those expenses and revenues will be allowed in the ratemaking process in a period different from the period in which they would have been reflected in the Consolidated Statement of Operations by an unregulated company. These deferred assets and liabilities then flow through the results of operations in the period in which the same amounts are included in rates and recovered from or refunded to customers. Management's assessment of the probability of recovery or pass through of regulatory assets and liabilities requires judgment and interpretation of laws and regulatory commission orders. If, for any reason, the Company ceases to meet the criteria for application of regulatory accounting treatment for all or part of its operations, the regulatory assets and liabilities related to those portions ceasing to meet such criteria would be eliminated from the Consolidated Balance Sheet and included in the Consolidated Statement of Operations for the period in which the discontinuance of regulatory accounting treatment occurs. See Note 4 – Regulatory Assets.

 

Fair Value Measurement. Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The Company utilizes market data or assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability, including assumptions about nonperformance risk, which is primarily comprised of credit risk (both the Company's own credit risk and counterparty credit risk) and the risks inherent in the inputs to any applicable valuation techniques. The Company places more weight on current market information concerning credit risk (e.g. current credit default swap rates) as opposed to historical information (e.g. historical default probabilities and credit ratings). These inputs can be readily observable, market corroborated, or generally unobservable. The Company endeavors to utilize the best available information, including valuation techniques that maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. A three-tier fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used to measure fair value is as follows:

 

  • Level 1 – Observable inputs such as quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities;

     

  • Level 2 – Observable inputs such as: (i) quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets; (ii) quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active and do not require significant adjustment based on unobservable inputs; or (iii) valuations based on pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies or similar techniques where significant inputs (e.g., interest rates, yield curves, etc.) are derived principally from observable market data, or can be corroborated by observable market data, for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities; and

     

  • Level 3 – Unobservable inputs, including valuations based on pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies or similar techniques where at least one significant model assumption or input is unobservable. Unobservable inputs are used to the extent that observable inputs are not available and reflect the Company's own assumptions about the assumptions market participants would use in pricing the assets or liabilities. Unobservable inputs are based on the best information available in the circumstances, which might include the Company's own data.

 

Assets and liabilities are classified in their entirety based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The Company's assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement requires judgment and may affect the valuation of these assets and liabilities and their placement within the fair value hierarchy.

 

The Company's Level 1 instruments primarily consist of trading securities related to a non-qualified deferred compensation plan that are valued based on active market quotes. The Company's Level 2 instruments include commodity derivative instruments, such as natural gas and NGL processing spread swap derivatives, fixed-price forward sales contracts and certain natural gas basis swaps, and interest-rate swap derivatives that are valued based on pricing models where significant inputs are observable. The Company did not have any Level 3 instruments at December 31, 2011 and 2010.

 

See Note 12 – Fair Value Measurement and Note 9 – Benefits – Pension and Other Postretirement Plans – Plan Assets for additional information regarding the assets and liabilities of the Company measured on a recurring and nonrecurring basis, respectively.

 

Natural Gas Imbalances. In the Transportation and Storage and Gathering and Processing segments, natural gas imbalances occur as a result of differences in volumes of natural gas received and delivered. In the Transportation and Storage segment, the Company records natural gas imbalance in-kind receivables and payables at cost or market, based on whether net imbalances have reduced or increased system natural gas balances, respectively. Net imbalances that have reduced system natural gas are valued at the cost basis of the system natural gas, while net imbalances that have increased system natural gas and are owed back to customers are priced, along with the corresponding system natural gas, at market.

 

In the Gathering and Processing segment, the Company records natural gas imbalances as receivables and payables in which imbalances due from a pipeline are recorded at the lower of cost or market and imbalances due to a pipeline are recorded at market. Market prices are based upon Gas Daily indexes.

 

Fuel Tracker. The fuel tracker applicable to the Company's Transportation and Storage segment is the cumulative balance of compressor fuel volumes owed to the Company by its customers or owed by the Company to its customers. The customers, pursuant to each pipeline's tariff and related contracts, provide all compressor fuel to the pipeline based on specified percentages of the customer's natural gas volumes delivered into the pipeline. The percentages are designed to match the actual natural gas consumed in moving the natural gas through the pipeline facilities, with any difference between the volumes provided versus volumes consumed reflected in the fuel tracker. The tariff of Trunkline Gas, in conjunction with the customers' contractual obligations, allows the Company to record an asset and direct bill customers for any fuel ultimately under-recovered. The other FERC-regulated Panhandle entities record an expense when fuel is under-recovered or record a credit to expense to the extent any under-recovered prior period balances are subsequently recouped as they do not have such explicit billing rights specified in their tariffs. Liability accounts are maintained for net volumes of compressor fuel natural gas owed to customers collectively. The pipelines' fuel reimbursement is in-kind and non-discountable.

 

Interest Cost Capitalized. The Company capitalizes interest on certain qualifying assets that are undergoing activities to prepare them for their intended use. Interest costs incurred during the construction period are capitalized and amortized over the life of the assets. Capitalized interest for the years ended December 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009 was $1.2 million, $6.6 million and $25.7 million, respectively.

 

Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities. All derivatives are recognized on the Consolidated Balance Sheet at their fair value. On the date the derivative contract is entered into, the Company designates the derivative as (i) a hedge of the fair value of a recognized asset or liability or of an unrecognized firm commitment (a fair value hedge); (ii) a hedge of a forecasted transaction or the variability of cash flows to be received or paid in conjunction with a recognized asset or liability (a cash flow hedge); or (iii) an instrument that is held for trading or non-hedging purposes (a trading or economic hedging instrument). For derivatives treated as a fair value hedge, the effective portion of changes in fair value is recorded as an adjustment to the hedged item. The ineffective portion of a fair value hedge is recognized in earnings if the short cut method of assessing effectiveness is not used. Upon termination of a fair value hedge of a debt instrument, the resulting gain or loss is amortized to earnings through the maturity date of the debt instrument. For derivatives treated as a cash flow hedge, the effective portion of changes in fair value is recorded in Accumulated other comprehensive loss until the related hedged items impact earnings. Any ineffective portion of a cash flow hedge is reported in current-period earnings. For derivatives treated as trading or economic hedging instruments, changes in fair value are reported in current-period earnings. Fair value is determined based upon quoted market prices and pricing models using assumptions that market participants would use. See Note 11 – Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities and Note 12 – Fair Value Measurement for additional related information.

 

Asset Retirement Obligations. Legal obligations associated with the retirement of long-lived assets are recorded at fair value at the time the obligations are incurred,  if a reasonable estimate of fair value can be made.  Present value techniques are used which reflect assumptions such as removal and remediation costs, inflation,  and profit margins that third parties would demand to settle the amount of the future obligation. The Company did not include a market risk premium for unforeseeable circumstances in its fair value estimates because such a premium could not be reliably estimated.   Upon initial recognition of the liability, costs are capitalized as a part of the long-lived asset and allocated to expense over the useful life of the related asset.   The liability is accreted to its present value each period with accretion being recorded to operating expense with a corresponding increase in the carrying amount of the liability.    To the extent the Company is permitted to collect and has reflected in its financials amounts previously collected from customers and expensed, such amounts serve to reduce what would be reflected as capitalized costs at the initial establishment of an ARO.

 

For more information, see Note 21 – Asset Retirement Obligations.

 

Income Taxes. Income taxes are accounted for under the asset and liability method. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the estimated future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax basis. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rate is recognized in earnings in the period that includes the enactment date. Valuation allowances are established when necessary to reduce deferred tax assets to the amounts more likely than not to be realized.

 

The determination of the Company's provision for income taxes requires significant judgment, use of estimates, and the interpretation and application of complex tax laws. Significant judgment is required in assessing the timing and amounts of deductible and taxable items. Reserves are established when, despite management's belief that the Company's tax return positions are fully supportable, management believes that certain positions may be successfully challenged. When facts and circumstances change, these reserves are adjusted through the provision for income taxes.

 

Pensions and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans. Employers are required to recognize in their balance sheets the overfunded or underfunded status of defined benefit pension and other postretirement plans, measured as the difference between the fair value of the plan assets and the benefit obligation (the projected benefit obligation for pension plans and the accumulated postretirement benefit obligation for other postretirement plans). Each overfunded plan is recognized as an asset and each underfunded plan is recognized as a liability. Employers must recognize the change in the funded status of the plan in the year in which the change occurs through Accumulated other comprehensive loss in stockholders' equity.

 

See Note 9 – Benefits for additional related information.

 

Commitments and Contingencies. The Company is subject to proceedings, lawsuits and other claims related to environmental and other matters. Accounting for contingencies requires significant judgment by management regarding the estimated probabilities and ranges of exposure to potential liability. For further discussion of the Company's commitments and contingencies, see Note 15 – Commitments and Contingencies.

 

New Accounting Principles

 

Accounting Principles Not Yet Adopted. In December 2011, the FASB issued authoritative guidance that enhances current disclosures about offsetting asset and liabilities. The guidance requires entities to disclose both gross information and net information about both instruments and transactions eligible for offset in the statement of financial position and instruments and transactions subject to an agreement similar to a master netting arrangement. The guidance is effective for annual and interim reporting periods beginning on or after January 1, 2013. The Company does not expect the guidance to materially impact its consolidated financial statements.

 

In September 2011, the FASB issued authoritative guidance that revises the testing of goodwill impairment. Under the revised guidance, entities testing goodwill for impairment have the option of performing a qualitative assessment before calculating the fair value of the reporting unit (i.e., step 1 of the goodwill impairment test). If the entity determines, on the basis of qualitative factors, that the fair value of the reporting unit is more likely than not less than the carrying amount, the two-step impairment test would be required. The guidance is effective as of the beginning of a fiscal year that begins after December 15, 2011 and interim and annual periods thereafter, with early adoption permitted. The Company does not expect the guidance to materially impact its consolidated financial statements.

 

In June 2011, the FASB issued authoritative guidance that changes how a company may present comprehensive income. The guidance allows entities to elect to present items of net income and other comprehensive income in one continuous statement or in two separate, but consecutive, statements and eliminates the current option to report other comprehensive income and its components in the statement of changes in equity. The entity is also required to present on the face of the financial statements reclassification adjustments for items that are reclassified from other comprehensive income to net income in the statement where the components of net income and the components of other comprehensive income are presented. The guidance is effective as of the beginning of a fiscal year that begins after December 15, 2011 and interim and annual periods thereafter, with early adoption permitted. In December 2011, the FASB issued authoritative guidance that defers the presentation requirements for reclassification adjustments to allow the FASB time to redeliberate these requirements. The Company does not expect the guidance to materially impact its consolidated financial statements as the guidance only requires a change in the placement of previously disclosed information.

 

In May 2011, the FASB issued authoritative guidance on fair value measurements that clarifies some existing concepts, eliminates wording differences between GAAP and International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS), and in some limited cases, changes some principles to achieve convergence between GAAP and IFRS. The guidance provides a consistent definition of fair value and common requirements for measurement of and disclosure about fair value between GAAP and IFRS and also expands the disclosures for fair value measurements that are estimated using significant unobservable (Level 3) inputs. The guidance is effective for periods beginning after December 15, 2011. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this guidance, but does not expect it will materially impact its consolidated financial statements.