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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
12 Months Ended
Jan. 03, 2015
Accounting Policies [Abstract]  
Significant Accounting Policies [Text Block]
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Company Overview: St. Jude Medical, Inc., together with its subsidiaries (St. Jude Medical or the Company) develops, manufactures and distributes cardiovascular medical devices for the global cardiac rhythm management, cardiovascular and atrial fibrillation therapy areas, and interventional pain therapy and neurostimulation devices for the management of chronic pain and movement disorders. On January 28, 2014, the Company announced organizational changes to combine its Implantable Electronic Systems Division and Cardiovascular and Ablation Technologies Division, resulting in an integrated research and development (R&D) organization and a consolidation of manufacturing and supply chain operations worldwide. The integration was conducted in a phased approach during 2014. The Company's continuing global realignment efforts are focused on streamlining its organization to improve productivity, reduce costs and leverage its scale to drive additional growth. During 2014, the Company changed its internal reporting structure such that it now operates as a single operating segment and derives its revenues from six principal product categories (see Note 12).
The Company's six principal product categories are as follows: tachycardia implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) systems, bradycardia pacemaker (pacemaker) systems, atrial fibrillation products (electrophysiology introducers and catheters, advanced cardiac mapping, navigation and recording systems and ablation systems), vascular products (vascular closure products, pressure measurement guidewires, optical coherence tomography imaging products, vascular plugs, heart failure monitoring device and other vascular accessories), structural heart products (heart valve replacement and repair products and structural heart defect devices) and neuromodulation products (spinal cord stimulation and radiofrequency ablation to treat chronic pain and deep brain stimulation to treat movement disorders). The Company markets and sells its products world-wide primarily through a direct sales force.
Principles of Consolidation: The Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries and entities for which St. Jude Medical has a controlling financial interest. Intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation. For variable interest entities (VIEs), the Company assesses the terms of its interest in the entity to determine if St. Jude Medical is the primary beneficiary. Variable interests are ownership, contractual or other interests in an entity that change with increases or decreases in the fair value of the VIE's net assets exclusive of variable interests. The entity that consolidates the VIE is considered the primary beneficiary, and is defined as the party with (1) the power to direct activities of the VIE that most significantly affect the VIE's economic performance and (2) the obligation to absorb losses of the VIE or the right to receive benefits from the VIE. In the first quarter of 2013, the Company determined that CardioMEMS, Inc. (CardioMEMS) was a VIE for which the Company was the primary beneficiary and began consolidating their results effective February 27, 2013. In the second quarter of 2014, the Company exercised its exclusive option to obtain the remaining 81% ownership interest (see Note 2). During the second quarter of 2013, the Company entered into a $40 million equity investment, contingent acquisition agreement and exclusive distribution agreement with Spinal Modulation, Inc. (Spinal Modulation) and determined it also was a VIE for which the Company is the primary beneficiary. The Company began consolidating Spinal Modulation's results effective June 7, 2013 (see Note 2).
Fiscal Year: The Company utilizes a 52/53-week fiscal year ending on the Saturday nearest December 31st. Fiscal year 2014 consisted of 53 weeks and ended on January 3, 2015, with the additional week reflected in the Company's fourth quarter 2014 results. Fiscal years 2013 and 2012 consisted of 52 weeks and ended on December 28, 2013 and December 29, 2012, respectively.
Reclassifications: Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform to current year presentation.
Use of Estimates: Preparation of the Company's Consolidated Financial Statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (U.S. GAAP) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts in the Consolidated Financial Statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Cash Equivalents: The Company considers highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents. Cash equivalents are stated at cost, which approximates fair value. The Company's cash equivalents include bank certificates of deposit, money market funds and instruments and commercial paper investments. The Company performs periodic evaluations of the relative credit standing of the financial institutions and issuers of its cash equivalents and limits the amount of credit exposure with any one issuer.
Marketable Securities: Marketable securities consist of publicly-traded equity securities that are classified as available-for-sale securities and investments in mutual funds that are classified as trading securities. On the balance sheet, available-for-sale securities and trading securities are classified as other current assets and other assets, respectively.
The following table summarizes the components of the balance of the Company's available-for-sale securities as of January 3, 2015 and December 28, 2013 (in millions):
 
January 3, 2015
 
December 28, 2013
Adjusted cost
$
6

 
$
7

Gross unrealized gains
24

 
28

Fair value
$
30

 
$
35



Available-for-sale securities are reported at fair value based upon quoted market prices (see Note 11). Unrealized gains and losses, net of related incomes taxes, are recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income in shareholders' equity. Upon the sale of an available-for-sale security, the unrealized gain (loss) is reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive income and reflected as a realized gain (loss) in net earnings (see Note 6). Realized gains (losses) are computed using the specific identification method and recognized as other (income) expense. During 2014, 2013 and 2012, the Company sold available-for-sale securities, recognizing pre-tax gains of $3 million, $13 million and $14 million, respectively. Additionally, when the fair value of an available-for-sale security falls below its original cost and the Company determines that the corresponding unrealized loss is other-than-temporary, it recognizes an impairment loss to net earnings in that period. There were no available-for-sale other-than-temporary impairment losses recognized in fiscal years 2014, 2013 or 2012.

The Company's investments in mutual funds are reported at fair market value (see Note 11) and are held in a rabbi trust, which is not available for general corporate purposes and is subject to creditor claims in the event of insolvency. These investments are specifically designated as available to the Company solely for the purpose of paying benefits under the Company's deferred compensation plan (see Note 10).
Accounts Receivable: The Company grants credit to customers in the normal course of business, but generally does not require collateral or any other security to support its receivables. The Company maintains an allowance for doubtful accounts for potential credit losses. Uncollectible accounts are written off against the allowance when it is deemed that a customer account is uncollectible. During 2013, the Company recognized a $9 million accounts receivable allowance charge in connection with a distributor termination in Europe. No significant accounts receivable allowance charges were recognized in 2014 or 2012. The Company's total allowance for doubtful accounts was $53 million and $45 million as of January 3, 2015 and December 28, 2013, respectively.
Inventories: Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or market with cost determined using the first-in, first-out method. Inventories consisted of the following (in millions):
 
January 3, 2015
 
December 28, 2013
Finished goods
$
543

 
$
494

Work in process
77

 
52

Raw materials
164

 
162

    Inventories
$
784

 
$
708



Property, Plant and Equipment: Property, plant and equipment are recorded at cost and are depreciated using the straight-line method over their estimated useful lives, ranging from 15 years to 39 years for buildings and improvements, three to 15 years for machinery and equipment, including capitalized development costs for internal-use software, and three to seven years for diagnostic equipment. Diagnostic equipment primarily consists of programmers that are used by physicians and healthcare professionals to program and analyze data from ICDs and pacemakers. Diagnostic equipment also includes other capital equipment provided by the Company to its customers for use in diagnostic and surgical procedures. The estimated useful lives of this equipment are based on anticipated usage by physicians and healthcare professionals and the timing and impact of expected new technology platforms and rollouts by the Company. The Company also reviews its property, plant and equipment for impairment when impairment indicators exist. When impairment indicators exist, the Company determines if the carrying value of its fixed asset(s) exceeds the related undiscounted future cash flows. In cases where the carrying value of the Company's long-lived assets or asset groups (excluding goodwill and indefinite lived intangible assets) exceeds the related undiscounted cash flows, the carrying value is written down to fair value. See Note 11 for further information on fixed asset impairments recognized during 2014, 2013 and 2012.

Goodwill: Goodwill represents the excess of cost over the fair value of identifiable net assets of a business acquired and is assigned to one or more reporting units. The Company tests each reporting unit’s goodwill for impairment at least annually in the fourth quarter and between annual tests if an event occurs or circumstances change that would more-likely-than-not reduce the fair value of a reporting unit below its carrying amount. The Company is permitted to first assess qualitative factors to determine whether the two-step goodwill impairment test is necessary. If the qualitative assessment results in a determination that the fair value of a reporting unit is more-likely-than-not less than its carrying amount, the Company performs the two-step goodwill impairment test. The Company may bypass the qualitative assessment for any reporting unit in any period and proceed directly to step one of the two-step goodwill impairment test. In the first step, the Company compares the fair value of the reporting unit to its carrying amount. If the reporting unit’s fair value exceeds its carrying amount, goodwill is not impaired. If the carrying amount of a reporting unit is positive and exceeds the reporting unit’s fair value, the Company performs the second step to measure the amount of the reporting unit’s goodwill impairment loss, if any. In the second step, the Company assigns the reporting unit’s fair value to the reporting unit’s assets and liabilities using acquisition method accounting to determine the implied fair value of the reporting unit’s goodwill. The implied fair value of the reporting unit’s goodwill is then compared with the carrying amount of the reporting unit’s goodwill to determine the goodwill impairment loss to be recognized, if any. See Note 11 for further information about the goodwill impairment tests in 2014, 2013 and 2012.

Other Intangible Assets: Other intangible assets consist of purchased technology and patents, in-process research and development (IPR&D) acquired in a business combination, customer lists and relationships, trademarks and tradenames, licenses and distribution agreements. Definite-lived intangible assets are amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives ranging from three to 20 years. Certain trademark assets are considered indefinite-lived intangible assets and are not amortized.
The Company's policy defines IPR&D as the value of technology acquired for which the related projects have substance and are incomplete. IPR&D acquired in a business acquisition is recognized at fair value and requires the IPR&D to be capitalized as an indefinite-lived intangible asset until completion of the IPR&D project or abandonment. Upon completion of the development project (generally when regulatory approval to market the product is obtained), an impairment assessment is performed prior to amortizing the asset over its estimated useful life. If the IPR&D projects are abandoned, the related IPR&D assets would be written off. The purchase of certain intellectual property assets related to technology or products without regulatory approval is considered a purchase of assets rather than the acquisition of a business. For such purchases, rather than being capitalized, any IPR&D acquired in such asset purchases is expensed immediately.
The Company also reviews its indefinite-lived intangible assets for impairment regularly to determine if any adverse conditions exist that would indicate impairment or when impairment indicators exist. The Company assesses its indefinite-lived intangible assets for impairment at least annually to determine if any adverse conditions exist that would indicate a potential impairment by considering qualitative factors such as macroeconomic conditions, industry and market considerations, cost factors, financial performance, entity specific events, changes in net assets and project-based performance toward regulatory approvals. If the qualitative assessment results in a determination that the fair value of an indefinite-lived intangible asset is more-likely-than-not greater than its carrying amount, no additional testing is considered necessary. However, if the Company determines the fair value of its indefinite-lived intangible assets is more-likely-than-not below the carrying value, impairment indicators exist requiring a quantitative assessment to recognize an impairment loss, if necessary. See Note 11 for further information about the indefinite-lived intangible asset impairment tests.
The Company also reviews its definite-lived intangible assets for impairment when impairment indicators exist. When impairment indicators exist, the Company determines if the carrying value of its definite-lived intangible assets exceeds the related undiscounted future cash flows. In cases where the carrying value exceeds the undiscounted future cash flows, the carrying value is written down to fair value, which the Company determines using present value cash flow calculations. See Note 11 for further information about the definite-lived intangible asset impairment tests.
Contingent Consideration: In connection with certain business combinations or purchases of intellectual property the Company may agree to provide future contingent consideration payments. Payment of the additional consideration is generally contingent on the acquired company reaching certain performance milestones, including attaining specified revenue levels, achieving product development targets or receiving regulatory approvals to market products. Contingent consideration is recognized on the acquisition date at the estimated fair value of the contingent milestone payment(s). The fair value of the contingent consideration is remeasured to its estimated fair value at each reporting period with the change in fair value recognized in selling, general and administrative expense in the Company's Consolidated Statements of Earnings (see Note 11). Amounts paid in excess of the amount recorded on the acquisition date are classified as cash flows used in operating activities. Payments not exceeding the acquisition-date fair value of the contingent consideration arrangement are classified as cash flows used in financing activities.
Product Warranties: The Company offers a warranty on various products, the most significant of which relate to pacemaker and ICD systems. The Company estimates the costs it expects to incur under its warranties and records a liability for such costs at the time the product is sold. Factors that affect the Company's warranty liability include the number of units sold, historical and anticipated rates of warranty claims and cost per claim. The Company regularly assesses the adequacy of its warranty liabilities and adjusts the amounts as necessary.

Changes in the Company's product warranty liability during fiscal years 2014 and 2013 were as follows (in millions):
 
2014
 
2013
Balance at beginning of period
$
37

 
$
38

Warranty expense recognized
3

 
3

Warranty credits issued
(5
)
 
(4
)
Balance at end of period
$
35

 
$
37



Product Liability: Based on historical loss trends and anticipated loss on products sold, the Company accrues for product liability claims through its self-insurance program to adequately cover future losses. Additionally, the Company accrues for product liability claims when it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of the liability can be reasonably estimated. The Company is currently the subject of product liability litigation proceedings and other proceedings described in more detail in Note 5.

Litigation: The Company accrues a liability for costs related to litigation, including future legal costs, settlements and judgments where it has assessed that such costs are probable and an amount can be reasonably estimated. Receivables for insurance recoveries are recognized when it is probable that a recovery will be realized and may sometimes be recorded in a period subsequent from when the liability is incurred for certain litigation matters, such as shareholder or securities litigation.
Revenue Recognition: The Company sells its products to clinics and hospitals primarily through a direct sales force. In certain international markets, the Company sells its products through independent distributors. The Company recognizes revenue when persuasive evidence of a sales arrangement exists, delivery of goods occurs through the transfer of title and risks and rewards of ownership, the selling price is fixed or determinable and collectability is reasonably assured. A portion of the Company's inventory is held by field sales representatives or consigned at customer locations. For such product inventory, revenue is recognized upon implant or when used by the customer. For products that are not consigned, revenue recognition generally occurs upon shipment to the customer or, in the case of distributors, when title transfers under the contract assuming all other revenue recognition criteria are met. The Company offers sales rebates and discounts to certain customers. The Company records such rebates and discounts as a reduction of net sales in the same period revenue is recognized. The Company estimates rebates based on customers' contracted terms and historical sales experience.
Excise Taxes: The Company incurs certain excise taxes in the distribution of its products, including a medical device excise tax assessed on U.S. sales and an excise tax assessed on purchases from the Company's Puerto Rico manufacturing subsidiary. The U.S. medical device excise tax is imposed on the first sale in the U.S. by the manufacturer, producer or importer of a medical device to either a third party or an affiliated distribution entity. The Company capitalizes the assessment of these excise taxes as part of inventory, which is then recognized as cost of sales when the related inventory is sold to a third party customer.
Research and Development: R&D costs are expensed as incurred. R&D costs include costs of all basic research activities, including engineering and technical effort required to develop a new product or make significant improvements to an existing product or manufacturing process. R&D costs also include pre-approval regulatory costs and clinical research expenses.
Stock-Based Compensation: The Company measures stock-based compensation cost at the grant date fair value and recognizes the compensation expense over the requisite service period, which is the vesting period, using a straight-line attribution method. The amount of stock-based compensation expense recognized during a period is based on the portion of the awards that are ultimately expected to vest. The Company estimates pre-vesting award forfeitures at the time of grant by analyzing historical data and revises those estimates in subsequent periods if actual forfeitures differ from those estimates. The Company's awards are not eligible to vest early in the event of retirement; however, the majority of the Company's awards vest early in the event of a change in control. See Note 7 for further detail on the Company's stock-based compensation plans.
Net Earnings Per Share Attributable to St. Jude Medical, Inc.: Basic net earnings per share attributable to St. Jude Medical, Inc. is computed by dividing net earnings attributable to St. Jude Medical, Inc. by the weighted average number of outstanding common shares during the period, exclusive of dilutive securities. Diluted net earnings per share attributable to St. Jude Medical, Inc. is computed by dividing net earnings attributable to St. Jude Medical, Inc. by the weighted average number of outstanding common shares and dilutive securities during the period.
The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted net earnings per share attributable to St. Jude Medical, Inc. for fiscal years 2014, 2013 and 2012 (in millions, except per share amounts):
 
2014
 
2013
 
2012
Numerator:
 
 
 
 
 

Net earnings attributable to St. Jude Medical, Inc.
$
1,002

 
$
723

 
$
752

Denominator:
 
 
 
 
 

Basic weighted average shares outstanding
285.0

 
287.0

 
313.3

  Dilution associated with stock-based compensation plans
4.7

 
3.6

 
1.5

Diluted weighted average shares outstanding
289.7

 
290.6

 
314.8

Basic net earnings per share attributable to St. Jude Medical, Inc.
$
3.52

 
$
2.52

 
$
2.40

Diluted net earnings per share attributable to St. Jude Medical, Inc.
$
3.46

 
$
2.49

 
$
2.39


Approximately 3.3 million, 4.8 million and 18.9 million shares of common stock subject to stock options and restricted stock units were excluded from the diluted net earnings per share attributable to St. Jude Medical, Inc. computation because they were not dilutive during fiscal years 2014, 2013 and 2012, respectively.
Foreign Currency Translation: Sales and expenses denominated in foreign currencies are translated at average exchange rates in effect throughout the year. Assets and liabilities of foreign operations are translated at period-end exchange rates with the impacts of foreign currency translation recognized to foreign currency translation adjustment, a component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss). Foreign currency transaction gains and losses are included in other (income) expense.
Derivative Financial Instruments: All derivative financial instruments are recognized on the balance sheet at fair value. Derivative assets and derivative liabilities are classified as other current assets, other assets, other current liabilities or other liabilities based on the gain or loss position of the contract and the contract maturity date. Changes in the fair value of derivatives are recognized in net earnings or other comprehensive income depending on whether the derivative is designated as part of a qualifying hedge transaction.
The Company uses forward contracts to manage foreign currency exposures primarily related to intercompany receivables and payables arising from intercompany purchases of manufactured products. In fiscal years 2014, 2013 and 2012, these forward contracts were not designated as qualifying hedges and therefore, the changes in the fair values of these derivatives were recognized in net earnings and classified in other (income) expense. The gains and losses on these forward contracts largely offset the losses or gains on the foreign currency exposures being managed. See Note 12 for further detail on the Company's use of its derivative financial instruments.
New Accounting Pronouncements: In July 2013, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2013-11 (ASU 2013-11), Income Taxes (Topic 740): Presentation of an Unrecognized Tax Benefit When a Net Operating Loss Carryforward, a Similar Tax Loss, or a Tax Credit Carryforward Exists. ASU 2013-11 requires an entity to present an unrecognized tax benefit, or portion of an unrecognized tax benefit, as a reduction to a deferred tax asset in the financial statements for a net operating loss carryforward, a similar tax loss, or a tax credit carryforward exists with certain exceptions. The Company was required to prospectively adopt ASU 2013-11 in the first reporting period beginning after December 15, 2013. The Company's adoption of ASU 2013-11 during the first quarter of 2014 resulted in a $14 million reclassification from other liabilities to deferred income taxes (noncurrent assets) in its Consolidated Balance Sheets.
In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09 (ASU 2014-09), Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606), which requires an entity to recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. The guidance will supersede the current revenue recognition requirements. The amendments in ASU 2014-09 are effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016, including interim periods within that reporting period. The Company is evaluating its approach to the adoption and the potential impact to its results of operations and financial position. The Company will adopt the new guidance beginning in fiscal year 2017.