EX-3.1 3 ea021197601ex3-1_silexion.htm AMENDED AND RESTATED MEMORANDUM AND ARTICLES OF ASSOCIATION OF SILEXION THERAPEUTICS CORP (FORMERLY BIOMOTION SCIENCES)

Exhibit 3.1

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

THE COMPANIES ACT (AS REVISED)

OF THE CAYMAN ISLANDS

COMPANY LIMITED BY SHARES

 

AMENDED AND RESTATED

MEMORANDUM AND ARTICLES OF ASSOCIATION

OF

 

SILEXION THERAPEUTICS CORP

(FORMERLY KNOWN AS BIOMOTION SCIENCES)

 

(ADOPTED BY SPECIAL RESOLUTION DATED 5 JULY 2024

AND EFFECTIVE ON 15 AUGUST 2024)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

THE COMPANIES ACT (AS REVISED)

OF THE CAYMAN ISLANDS

COMPANY LIMITED BY SHARES

 

AMENDED AND RESTATED

MEMORANDUM OF ASSOCIATION

OF

 

SILEXION THERAPEUTICS CORP

(FORMERLY KNOWN AS BIOMOTION SCIENCES)

 

(ADOPTED BY SPECIAL RESOLUTION DATED 5 JULY 2024

AND EFFECTIVE ON 15 AUGUST 2024)

 

1.The name of the Company is Silexion Therapeutics Corp.

 

2.The registered office of the Company shall be at the offices of Maples Corporate Services Limited, PO Box 309, Ugland House, Grand Cayman, KY1-1104, Cayman Islands, or at such other place within the Cayman Islands as the Board may decide.

 

3.The objects for which the Company is established are unrestricted and the Company shall have full power and authority to carry out any object not prohibited by the laws of the Cayman Islands.

 

4.The liability of each Member is limited to the amount unpaid on such Member’s shares.

 

5.The authorized share capital of the Company is US$20,000 divided into 200,000,000 Ordinary Shares of a par value of US$0.0001 each.

 

6.The Company has power to register by way of continuation as a body corporate limited by shares under the laws of any jurisdiction outside the Cayman Islands and to be deregistered in the Cayman Islands.

 

7.Capitalized terms that are not defined in this Amended and Restated Memorandum of Association bear the respective meanings given to them in the Amended and Restated Articles of Association of the Company.

 

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THE COMPANIES ACT (AS REVISED)

OF THE CAYMAN ISLANDS

COMPANY LIMITED BY SHARES

 

AMENDED AND RESTATED

ARTICLES OF ASSOCIATION

OF

 

SILEXION THERAPEUTICS CORP

(FORMERLY KNOWN AS BIOMOTION SCIENCES)

 

(ADOPTED BY SPECIAL RESOLUTION DATED 5 JULY 2024

AND EFFECTIVE ON 15 AUGUST 2024)

 

1.Interpretation

 

1.1 In the Articles, Table A in the First Schedule to the Statute does not apply and, unless there is something in the subject or context inconsistent therewith:

 

Applicable Law” means, with respect to any person, all provisions of laws, statutes, ordinances, rules, regulations, permits, certificates, judgments, decisions, decrees or orders of any governmental authority applicable to such person.

 

Articles” means these amended and restated articles of association of the Company, as from time to time altered or added to in accordance with the Statute and these Articles.

 

Audit Committee” means the audit committee of the Board of the Company established pursuant to the Articles, or any successor committee.

 

Auditor” means the person for the time being performing the duties of auditor of the Company (if any).

 

Board” means the board of directors of the Company.

 

Clearing House” means a clearing house recognized by the laws of the jurisdiction in which the Shares (or depositary receipts therefor) are listed or quoted on a stock exchange or interdealer quotation system in such jurisdiction.

 

Company” means the above-named company.

 

Company’s Website” means the website of the Company, the address or domain name of which has been notified to Members.

 

Compensation Committee” means the compensation committee of the Board of the Company established pursuant to the Articles, or any successor committee.

 

Designated Stock Exchange” means any United States national securities exchange on which the securities of the Company are listed for trading, including the Nasdaq Capital Market.

 

Directors” means the directors for the time being of the Company.

 

Disinterested Director” means a Director who is not and was not a party to the matter in respect of which indemnification is sought under Article 43 by the claimant.

 

Dividend” means any dividend (whether interim or final) resolved to be paid on Shares pursuant to the Articles.

 

Electronic Communication” means a communication sent by electronic means, including electronic posting to the Company’s Website, transmission to any number, address or internet website (including the website of the Securities and Exchange Commission) or other electronic delivery methods as otherwise decided and approved by the Board.

 

Electronic Record” has the same meaning as in the Electronic Transactions Act.

 

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Electronic Transactions Act” means the Electronic Transactions Act (As Revised) of the Cayman Islands.

 

Exchange Act” means the United States Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or any similar U.S. federal statute and the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission thereunder, all as the same shall be in effect at the time.

 

Independent Counsel” means a law firm, a member of a law firm, or an independent practitioner (such as a barrister or Queen’s Counsel), selected by the Disinterested Directors, that is sufficiently experienced in relevant matters of company law and shall include any person who, under the applicable standards of professional conduct then prevailing, would not have a conflict of interest in representing either the Company or the claimant in an action to determine the claimant’s rights under Article 43.

 

Independent Director” has the same meaning as in the rules and regulations of the Designated Stock Exchange or in Rule 10A-3 under the Exchange Act, as the case may be.

 

Member” has the same meaning as in the Statute.

 

Memorandum” means the amended and restated memorandum of association of the Company.

 

Officer” means a person appointed to hold an office in the Company.

 

Ordinary Resolution” means a resolution passed by a simple majority of the Members as, being entitled to do so, vote in person or, in the case of any Member being an organization, by its duly authorized representative or, where proxies are allowed, by proxy at a general meeting, and includes a unanimous written resolution. In computing the majority when a poll is demanded regard shall be had to the number of votes to which each member is entitled by the Articles.

 

Ordinary Share” means an ordinary share of a par value of US$0.0001 in the share capital of the Company, and having the rights provided for in these Articles.

 

Other Indemnitors” means persons or entities other than the Company that may provide indemnification, advancement of expenses or insurance to the Indemnified Persons in connection with such Indemnified Persons’ involvement in the management of the Company.

 

Register of Members” means the register of Members maintained in accordance with the Statute and includes (except where otherwise stated) any branch or duplicate register of Members.

 

Registered Office” means the registered office for the time being of the Company.

 

Seal” means the common seal of the Company and includes every duplicate seal.

 

Securities and Exchange Commission” means the United States Securities and Exchange Commission.

 

Securities Act” means the United States Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or any similar U.S. federal statute and the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission thereunder, all as the same shall be in effect at the time.

 

Share” means any share in the capital of the Company, including the Ordinary Shares, and includes a fraction of a Share in the Company.

 

Special Resolution” means a resolution passed by not less than two-thirds of such Members as, being entitled to do so, vote in person or, where proxies are allowed, by proxy at a general meeting of which notice specifying the intention to propose the resolution as a special resolution has been duly given, and includes a unanimous written resolution.

 

Statute” means the Companies Act (As Revised) of the Cayman Islands.

 

Treasury Share” means a Share held in the name of the Company as a treasury share in accordance with the Statute.

 

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1.2 In the Articles, save where the context requires otherwise:

 

1.2.1 words importing the singular number include the plural number and vice versa;

 

1.2.2 words importing the masculine gender include the feminine gender;

 

1.2.3 words importing persons include corporations as well as any other legal or natural person;

 

1.2.4 “written” and “in writing” include all modes of representing or reproducing words in visible form, including in the form of an Electronic Record;

 

1.2.5 “shall” shall be construed as imperative and “may” shall be construed as permissive;

 

1.2.6 references to provisions of any law or regulation shall be construed as references to those provisions as amended, modified, re-enacted or replaced;

 

1.2.7 any phrase introduced by the terms “including”, “include”, “in particular” or any similar expression shall be construed as illustrative and shall not limit the sense of the words preceding those terms;

 

1.2.8 the term “or” is used herein to mean both “or” as well as “and” and shall not be interpreted to be exclusive, while the term “and” shall not be interpreted to require the conjunctive – in each case, unless the context otherwise requires;

 

1.2.9 headings are inserted for reference only and shall be ignored in construing the Articles;

 

1.2.10 any requirements as to delivery under the Articles include delivery in the form of an Electronic Record;

 

1.2.11 any requirements as to execution or signature under the Articles including the execution of the Articles themselves can be satisfied in the form of an electronic signature as defined in the Electronic Transactions Act;

 

1.2.12 sections 8 and 19(3) of the Electronic Transactions Act shall not apply;

 

1.2.13 the term “clear days” in relation to the period of calendar days (including weekend days and holidays that fall during the period), of a notice means that period excluding the day when the notice is received or deemed to be received and the day for which it is given or on which it is to take effect; and

 

1.2.14 the term “holder” in relation to a Share means a person whose name is entered in the Register of Members as the holder of such Share.

 

2.Commencement of Business

 

2.1 The business of the Company may be commenced as soon after incorporation of the Company as the Board shall see fit.

 

2.2 The Board may pay, out of the capital or any other monies of the Company, all expenses incurred in or about the formation and establishment of the Company, including the expenses of registration.

 

3.Issue of Shares

 

3.1 Subject to the provisions, if any, in the Memorandum (and to any direction that may be given by the Company in general meeting) and, where applicable, the rules and regulations of the Designated Stock Exchange, the Securities and Exchange Commission or any other competent regulatory authority or otherwise under Applicable Law, and without prejudice to any rights attached to any existing Shares, the Board may, in its absolute discretion and without approval of the holders of Shares, allot, issue, grant options over or otherwise dispose of Shares (including fractions of a Share) with or without preferred, deferred or other rights or restrictions, in one or more series, whether in regard to Dividends or other distributions, voting, return of capital or otherwise to such persons, at such times and on such other terms as they think proper, which shall be conclusively evidenced by their approval of the terms thereof, and may also (subject to the Statute and the Articles) vary such rights.

 

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3.2 The Company may issue rights, options, warrants or convertible securities or securities of similar nature conferring the right upon the holders thereof to subscribe for, purchase or receive any class of Shares or other securities in the Company on such terms as the Board may from time to time determine.

 

3.3 The Company may issue securities in the Company, which may be comprised of whole or fractional Shares, rights, options, warrants or convertible securities or securities of similar nature conferring the right upon the holders thereof to subscribe for, purchase or receive any class of Shares or other securities in the Company, upon such terms as the Board may, in its absolute discretion and without approval of the holders of Shares, from time to time determine.

 

3.4 The Company shall not issue Shares in bearer form and shall only issue shares as fully paid.

 

4.Register of Members

 

4.1 The Company shall maintain or cause to be maintained the Register of Members in accordance with the Statute.

 

4.2 The Board may determine that the Company shall maintain one or more branch registers of Members in accordance with the Statute. The Board may also determine which register of Members shall constitute the principal register and which shall constitute the branch register or registers, and to vary such determination from time to time.

 

5.Closing Register of Members or Fixing Record Date

 

5.1 For the purpose of determining Members entitled to notice of, or to vote at any meeting of Members or any adjournment thereof, or Members entitled to receive payment of any Dividend or other distribution, or in order to make a determination of Members for any other purpose, the Board may, after notice has been given by advertisement in an appointed newspaper or any other newspaper or by any other means in accordance with the rules and regulations of the Designated Stock Exchange, the Securities and Exchange Commission or any other competent regulatory authority or otherwise under Applicable Law, provide that the Register of Members shall be closed for transfers for a stated period which shall not in any case exceed forty (40) days.

 

5.2 In lieu of, or apart from, closing the Register of Members, the Board may fix in advance or arrears a date as the record date for any such determination of Members entitled to notice of, or to vote at any meeting of the Members or any adjournment thereof, or for the purpose of determining the Members entitled to receive payment of any Dividend or other distribution, or in order to make a determination of Members for any other purpose.

 

5.3 If the Register of Members is not so closed and no record date is fixed for the determination of Members entitled to notice of, or to vote at, a meeting of Members or Members entitled to receive payment of a

 

5.4 Dividend or other distribution, the date on which notice of the meeting is sent or the date on which the resolution of the Board resolving to pay such Dividend or other distribution is passed, as the case may be, shall be the record date for such determination of Members. When a determination of Members entitled to vote at any meeting of Members has been made as provided in this Article, such determination shall apply to any adjournment thereof.

 

6.Certificates for Shares

 

6.1 A Member shall only be entitled to a share certificate if the Board resolves that share certificates shall be issued. Share certificates representing Shares, if any, shall be in such form as the Board may determine. Share certificates shall be signed by one or more directors or other person authorized by the Board. The Board may authorize certificates to be issued with the authorized signature(s) affixed by mechanical process. All certificates for Shares shall be consecutively numbered or otherwise identified and shall specify the Shares to which they relate. All certificates surrendered to the Company for transfer shall be cancelled and, subject to the Articles, no new certificate shall be issued until the former certificate representing a like number of relevant Shares shall have been surrendered and cancelled.

 

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6.2 The Company shall not be bound to issue more than one certificate for Shares held jointly by more than one person and delivery of a certificate to one joint holder shall be a sufficient delivery to all of them.

 

6.3 If a share certificate is defaced, worn out, lost or destroyed, it may be renewed on such terms (if any) as to evidence and indemnity and on the payment of such expenses reasonably incurred by the Company in investigating evidence, as the Board may prescribe, and (in the case of defacement or wearing out) upon delivery of the old certificate.

 

6.4 Every share certificate sent in accordance with the Articles will be sent at the risk of the Member or other person entitled to the certificate. The Company will not be responsible for any share certificate lost or delayed in the course of delivery.

 

6.5 Share certificates shall be issued within the relevant time limit as prescribed by the Statute, if applicable, or as the rules and regulations of the Designated Stock Exchange, the Securities and Exchange Commission or any other competent regulatory authority or otherwise under Applicable Law may from time to time determine, whichever is shorter, after the allotment or, except in the case of a Share transfer which the Company is for the time being entitled to refuse to register and does not register, after lodging a Share transfer with the Company.

 

7.Transfer of Shares

 

7.1 Subject to the terms of the Articles, any Member may transfer all or any of his Shares by an instrument of transfer provided that such transfer complies with the rules and regulations of the Designated Stock Exchange, the Securities and Exchange Commission or any other competent regulatory authority or otherwise under Applicable Law. If the Shares in question were issued in conjunction with rights, options or warrants issued pursuant to the Articles on terms that one cannot be transferred without the other, the Board shall refuse to register the transfer of any such Share without evidence satisfactory to them of the like transfer of such right, option or warrant.

 

7.2 The instrument of transfer of any Share shall be in writing in the usual or common form or in a form prescribed by the rules and regulations of the Designated Stock Exchange, the Securities and Exchange Commission or any other competent regulatory authority or otherwise under Applicable Law or in any other form approved by the Board and shall be executed by or on behalf of the transferor (and if the Board so requires, signed by or on behalf of the transferee) and may be under hand or, if the transferor or transferee is a Clearing House or its nominee(s), by hand or by machine imprinted signature or by such other manner of execution as the Board may approve from time to time. The transferor shall be deemed to remain the holder of a Share until the name of the transferee is entered in the Register of Members.

 

8.Redemption, Repurchase and Surrender of Shares

 

8.1 Subject to the provisions, if any, in these Articles, the Memorandum, Applicable Law, including the Statute, and the rules and regulations of the Designated Stock Exchange, the Securities and Exchange Commission or any other competent regulatory authority or otherwise under Applicable Law, the Company may: (a) issue Shares that are to be redeemed or are liable to be redeemed at the option of the Member or the Company on such terms and in such manner as the Board may, before the issue of such Shares determine; and (b) purchase its own Shares (including any redeemable Shares) in such manner and on such other terms as the Board may agree with the relevant Member, provided that the manner of purchase is in accordance with any applicable requirements imposed from time to time by the Designated Stock Exchange, the Securities and Exchange Commission or any other competent regulatory authority or otherwise under Applicable Law. For the avoidance of doubt, redemptions, repurchases and surrenders of Shares in the circumstances described in this Article shall not require further approval of the Members.

 

8.2 The Company may make a payment in respect of the redemption or purchase of its own Shares in any manner permitted by the Statute, including out of capital.

 

8.3 The Board may accept the surrender for no consideration of any fully paid Share.

 

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9.Treasury Shares

 

9.1 The Board may, prior to the purchase, redemption or surrender of any Share, determine that such Share shall be held as a Treasury Share.

 

9.2 The Board may determine to cancel a Treasury Share or transfer a Treasury Share on such terms as they think proper (including, without limitation, for nil consideration).

 

10.Variation of Rights Attaching to Shares

 

Subject to Article 3.1, if at any time the share capital of the Company is divided into different classes of Shares, all or any of the rights attached to any class (unless otherwise provided by the terms of issue of the Shares of that class) may, whether or not the Company is being wound up, be varied without the consent of the holders of the issued Shares of that class where such variation is considered by the Board not to have a material adverse effect upon such rights; otherwise, any such variation shall be made only with the consent in writing of the holders of not less than two-thirds of the issued Shares of that class, or with the approval of a resolution passed by a majority of not less than two-thirds of the votes cast at a separate meeting of the holders of the Shares of that class. For the avoidance of doubt, the Board reserves the right, notwithstanding that any such variation may not have a material adverse effect, to obtain consent from the holders of Shares of the relevant class. To any such meeting all the provisions of the Articles relating to general meetings shall apply mutatis mutandis, except that the necessary quorum shall be one person holding or representing by proxy at least one third of the issued Shares of the class and that any holder of Shares of the class present in person or by proxy may demand a poll.

 

10.1 For the purposes of a separate class meeting, the Board may treat two or more or all the classes of Shares as forming one class of Shares if the Board considers that such class of Shares would be affected in the same way by the proposals under consideration, but in any other case shall treat them as separate classes of Shares.

 

10.2 The rights conferred upon the holders of the Shares of any class issued with preferred or other rights shall not, unless otherwise expressly provided by the terms of issue of the Shares of that class, be deemed to be varied by the creation or issue of further Shares ranking pari passu therewith or Shares issued with preferred or other rights.

 

11.Commission on Sale of Shares

 

The Company may, in so far as the Statute permits, pay a commission to any person in consideration of his subscribing or agreeing to subscribe (whether absolutely or conditionally) or procuring or agreeing to procure subscriptions (whether absolutely or conditionally) for any Shares. Such commissions may be satisfied by the payment of cash or the issue of fully or partly paid-up Shares. The Company may also on any issue of Shares pay such brokerage as may be lawful.

 

12.Non-Recognition of Trusts

 

The Company shall not be bound by or compelled to recognize in any way (even when notified) any equitable, contingent, future or partial interest in any Share, or (except only as is otherwise provided by the Articles or the Statute) any other rights in respect of any Share other than an absolute right to the entirety thereof in the holder.

 

13.Lien on Shares

 

13.1 The Company shall have a first and paramount lien on all Shares (whether fully paid-up or not) registered in the name of a Member (whether solely or jointly with others) for all debts, liabilities or engagements to or with the Company (whether presently payable or not) by such Member or his estate, either alone or jointly with any other person, whether a Member or not, but the Board may at any time declare any Share to be wholly or in part exempt from the provisions of this Article. The registration of a transfer of any such Share shall operate as a waiver of the Company’s lien thereon. The Company’s lien on a Share shall also extend to any amount payable in respect of that Share.

 

13.2 The Company may sell, in such manner as the Board thinks fit, any Shares on which the Company has a lien, if a sum in respect of which the lien exists is presently payable, and is not paid within fourteen clear days after notice has been received or deemed to have been received by the holder of the Shares, or to the person entitled to it in consequence of the death or bankruptcy of the holder, demanding payment and stating that if the notice is not complied with the Shares may be sold.

 

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13.3 To give effect to any such sale the Board may authorize any person to execute an instrument of transfer of the Shares sold to, or in accordance with the directions of, the purchaser. The purchaser or his nominee shall be registered as the holder of the Shares comprised in any such transfer, and he shall not be bound to see to the application of the purchase money, nor shall his title to the Shares be affected by any irregularity or invalidity in the sale or the exercise of the Company’s power of sale under the Articles.

 

13.4 The net proceeds of such sale after payment of costs, shall be applied in payment of such part of the amount in respect of which the lien exists as is presently payable and any balance shall (subject to a like lien for sums not presently payable as existed upon the Shares before the sale) be paid to the person entitled to the Shares at the date of the sale.

 

14.Call on Shares

 

14.1 Subject to the terms of the allotment and issue of any Shares, the Board may make calls upon the Members in respect of any monies unpaid on their Shares (whether in respect of par value or premium), and each Member shall (subject to receiving at least fourteen (14) clear days’ notice specifying the time or times of payment) pay to the Company at the time or times so specified the amount called on the Shares. A call may be revoked or postponed, in whole or in part, as the Board may determine. A call may be required to be paid by instalments. A person upon whom a call is made shall remain liable for calls made upon him notwithstanding the subsequent transfer of the Shares in respect of which the call was made.

 

14.2 A call shall be deemed to have been made at the time when the resolution of the Board authorizing such call was passed.

 

14.3 The joint holders of a Share shall be jointly and severally liable to pay all calls in respect thereof.

 

14.4 If a call remains unpaid after it has become due and payable, the person from whom it is due shall pay interest on the amount unpaid from the day it became due and payable until it is paid at such rate as the Board may determine (and in addition all expenses that have been incurred by the Company by reason of such non-payment), but the Board may waive payment of the interest or expenses wholly or in part.

 

14.5 An amount payable in respect of a Share on issue or allotment or at any fixed date, whether on account of the par value of the Share or premium or otherwise, shall be deemed to be a call and if it is not paid all the provisions of the Articles shall apply as if that amount had become due and payable by virtue of a call.

 

14.6 The Board may issue Shares with different terms as to the amount and times of payment of calls, or the interest to be paid.

 

14.7 The Board may, if it thinks fit, receive an amount from any Member willing to advance all or any part of the monies uncalled and unpaid upon any Shares held by him, and may (until the amount would otherwise become payable) pay interest at such rate as may be agreed upon between the Board and the Member paying such amount in advance.

 

14.8 No such amount paid in advance of calls shall entitle the Member paying such amount to any portion of a Dividend or other distribution payable in respect of any period prior to the date upon which such amount would, but for such payment, become payable.

 

15.Forfeiture of Shares

 

15.1 If a call or instalment of a call remains unpaid after it has become due and payable the Board may give to the person from whom it is due not less than fourteen (14) clear days’ notice requiring payment of the amount unpaid together with any interest which may have accrued and any expenses incurred by the Company by reason of such non-payment. The notice shall specify where payment is to be made and shall state that if the notice is not complied with the Shares in respect of which the call was made will be liable to be forfeited.

 

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15.2 If the notice is not complied with, any Share in respect of which it was given may, before the payment required by the notice has been made, be forfeited by a resolution of the Board. Such forfeiture shall include all Dividends, other distributions or other monies payable in respect of the forfeited Share and not paid before the forfeiture.

 

15.3 A forfeited Share may be sold, re-allotted or otherwise disposed of on such terms and in such manner as the Board thinks fit and at any time before a sale, re-allotment or disposition the forfeiture may be cancelled on such terms as the Board thinks fit. Where for the purposes of its disposal a forfeited Share is to be transferred to any person the Board may authorize some person to execute an instrument of transfer of the Share in favour of that person.

 

15.4 A person any of whose Shares have been forfeited shall cease to be a Member in respect of them and shall surrender to the Company for cancellation the certificate for the Shares forfeited and shall remain liable to pay to the Company all monies which at the date of forfeiture were payable by him to the Company in respect of those Shares together with interest at such rate as the Board may determine, but his liability shall cease if and when the Company shall have received payment in full of all monies due and payable by him in respect of those Shares.

 

15.5 A certificate in writing under the hand of one director or Officer that a Share has been forfeited on a specified date shall be conclusive evidence of the facts stated in it as against all persons claiming to be entitled to the Share. The certificate shall (subject to the execution of an instrument of transfer) constitute a good title to the Share and the person to whom the Share is sold or otherwise disposed of shall not be bound to see to the application of the purchase money, if any, nor shall his title to the Share be affected by any irregularity or invalidity in the proceedings in reference to the forfeiture, sale or disposal of the Share.

 

15.6 The provisions of the Articles as to forfeiture shall apply in the case of non-payment of any sum which, by the terms of issue of a Share, becomes payable at a fixed time, whether on account of the par value of the Share or by way of premium as if it had been payable by virtue of a call duly made and notified.

 

16.Transmission of Shares

 

16.1 If a Member dies, the survivor or survivors (where he was a joint holder), or his legal personal representatives (where he was a sole holder), shall be the only persons recognized by the Company as having any title to the deceased Member’s Shares. The estate of a deceased Member is not thereby released from any liability in respect of any Share, for which the Member was a joint or sole holder.

 

16.2 Any person becoming entitled to a Share in consequence of the death or bankruptcy or liquidation or dissolution of a Member (or in any other way than by transfer) may, upon such evidence being produced as may be required by the Board, elect, by a notice in writing sent by that person to the Company, either to become the holder of such Share or to have some person nominated by him registered as the holder of such Share. If he elects to have another person registered as the holder of such Share he shall sign an instrument of transfer of that Share to that person. The Board shall, in either case, have the same right to decline or suspend registration as they would have had in the case of a transfer of the Share by the relevant Member before his death or bankruptcy or liquidation or dissolution, as the case may be.

 

16.3 A person becoming entitled to a Share by reason of the death or bankruptcy or liquidation or dissolution of a Member (or in any other case than by transfer) shall be entitled to the same Dividends, other distributions and other advantages to which he would be entitled if he were the holder of such Share. However, he shall not, before becoming a Member in respect of a Share, be entitled in respect of it to exercise any right conferred by membership in relation to general meetings of the Company and the Board may at any time give notice requiring any such person to elect either to be registered himself or to have some person nominated by him be registered as the holder of the Share (but the Board shall, in either case, have the same right to decline or suspend registration as they would have had in the case of a transfer of the Share by the relevant Member before his death or bankruptcy or liquidation or dissolution or any other case than by transfer, as the case may be). If the notice is not complied with within ninety (90) days of being received or deemed to be received (as determined pursuant to the Articles), the Board may thereafter withhold payment of all Dividends, other distributions, bonuses or other monies payable in respect of the Share until the requirements of the notice have been complied with.

 

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17.Amendments of Memorandum and Articles of Association and Alteration of Capital

 

17.1 Subject to these Articles, the Company may by Ordinary Resolution:

 

17.1.1 increase its share capital by such sum as the Ordinary Resolution shall prescribe and with such rights, priorities and privileges annexed thereto, as the Company in general meeting may determine;

 

17.1.2 consolidate and divide all or any of its share capital into Shares of larger amount than its existing Shares;

 

17.1.3 convert all or any of its paid-up Shares into stock, and reconvert that stock into paid-up Shares of any denomination;

 

17.1.4 by subdivision of its existing Shares or any of them divide the whole or any part of its share capital into Shares of smaller amount than is fixed by the Memorandum or into Shares without par value; and

 

17.1.5 cancel any Shares that at the date of the passing of the Ordinary Resolution have not been taken or agreed to be taken by any person and diminish the amount of its share capital by the amount of the Shares so cancelled.

 

17.2 All new Shares created in accordance with the provisions of the preceding Article shall be subject to the same provisions of the Articles with reference to the payment of calls, liens, transfer, transmission, forfeiture and otherwise as the Shares in the original share capital.

 

17.3 Subject to the provisions of the Statute and the provisions of the Articles as regards the matters to be dealt with by Ordinary Resolution, the Company may by Special Resolution:

 

17.3.1 change its name;

 

17.3.2 alter or add to the Articles;

 

17.3.3 alter or add to the Memorandum with respect to any objects, powers or other matters specified therein; and

 

17.3.4 reduce its share capital and any capital redemption reserve fund in any manner authorized by law.

 

18.Offices and Places of Business

 

Subject to the provisions of the Statute, the Company may by resolution of the Board change the location of its Registered Office. The Company may, in addition to its Registered Office, maintain such other offices or places of business as the Board determines.

 

19.General Meetings

 

19.1 All general meetings other than annual general meetings shall be called extraordinary general meetings.

 

19.2 The Company may, but shall not (unless required by the Statute) be obliged to, in each year hold a general meeting as its annual general meeting, and shall specify the meeting as such in the notices calling it. Any annual general meeting shall be held at such time and place as the Board shall appoint. At these meetings the report of the Board (if any) shall be presented.

 

19.3 Extraordinary general meetings may be called only by the chairperson of the Board or the Board pursuant to a resolution adopted by a majority of the Directors then in office, and may not be called by shareholders. If an extraordinary general meeting is called by the Board, such extraordinary general meeting shall be held at such time and place as may be determined by the Board, and if an extraordinary general meeting is called by the chairperson of the Board, such extraordinary general meeting shall be held at such time and place as may be determined by the chairperson of the Board.

 

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19.4 Members seeking to bring business before the annual general meeting or to nominate candidates for appointment as Board at the annual general meeting must deliver notice to the principal executive offices of the Company not later than ninety (90) days nor earlier than one hundred and twenty (120) calendar days prior to the one-year anniversary of the previous year’s annual general meeting of the Company. However, if the Company did not hold an annual general meeting the previous year or the date of the current year’s annual general meeting has been changed by more than thirty (30) days from the date of the previous year’s annual general meeting, a shareholder’s notice must be so delivered no later than the deadline to be set by the Board, with such deadline being a reasonable time (as determined by the Board) before the Company begins to print and send its related proxy materials for the current year’s annual general meeting. The chairperson of the Board may refuse to acknowledge the introduction of any shareholder proposal not made in compliance with the foregoing procedures.

 

20.Notice of General Meetings

 

20.1 At least five (5) clear days’ notice (but not more than sixty (60) clear days’ notice) shall be given of any general meeting. Every notice shall specify the place, the day and the hour of the meeting and the general nature of the business to be conducted at the general meeting and shall be given in the manner hereinafter mentioned or in such other manner if any as may be prescribed by the Company, provided that a general meeting of the Company shall, whether or not the notice specified in this Article has been given and whether or not the provisions of the Articles regarding general meetings have been complied with, be deemed to have been duly convened if it is so agreed:

 

20.1.1 in the case of an annual general meeting, by all of the Members (or their proxies) entitled to attend and vote thereat; and

 

20.1.2 in the case of an extraordinary general meeting, by a majority in number of the Members (or their proxies) having a right to attend and vote at the meeting, together holding not less than ninety-five per cent (95%) in par value of the Shares giving that right.

 

20.2 The accidental omission to give notice of a general meeting to, or the non receipt of notice of a general meeting by, any person entitled to receive such notice shall not invalidate the proceedings of that general meeting.

 

21.Proceedings at General Meetings

 

21.1 No business shall be transacted at any general meeting other than business that is either (a) specified in the notice of meeting (or any supplement thereto) given by or at the direction of the Board (or any duly authorized committee thereof), (b) otherwise properly brought before an annual general meeting by or at the direction of the Board (or any duly authorized committee thereof), or (c) otherwise properly brought before an annual general meeting by any Member of the Company who (1) is a Member of record on both (x) the date of the giving of the notice by such Member provided for in Article 19.4 and (y) the record date for the determination of Members entitled to vote at such annual general meeting and (2) complies with the notice procedures set forth in these Articles. For the avoidance of doubt, no business shall be transacted at any general meeting unless a quorum is present. The holders of a majority of the Shares being individuals present in person or by proxy or if a corporation or other non-natural person by its duly authorized representative or proxy shall be a quorum; provided that when specified business is to be voted on by a class or series of shares voting as a class, the holders of shares representing a majority of the shares of such class or series shall constitute a quorum of such class or series for the transaction of such business.

 

21.2 A person may participate at a general meeting by conference telephone or other communications equipment by means of which all the persons participating in the meeting can communicate with each other. Participation by a person in a general meeting in this manner is treated as presence in person at that meeting.

 

21.3 If a quorum is not present within half an hour from the time appointed for the meeting to commence, the meeting shall stand adjourned to the same day in the next week at the same time or place, or to such other day, time or place as the Board may determine. If at the adjourned meeting a quorum is not present within half an hour from the time appointed for the meeting to commence, the Members present (regardless of how many) shall be considered a quorum.

 

21.4 The Board may, at any time prior to the time set for the meeting to commence, appoint any person to act as chairperson of a general meeting of the Company or, if the Board does not make any such appointment, the chairperson, if any, of the Board shall preside as chairperson at such general meeting. If there is no such chairperson, or if the person shall not be present within fifteen minutes after the time set for the meeting to commence, or is unwilling to act, the Directors present shall elect one of their number to be chairperson of the meeting.

 

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21.5 If no Director is willing to act as chairperson or if no Director is present within fifteen minutes after the time appointed for the meeting to commence, the Members present shall choose one of their number to be chairperson of the meeting.

 

21.6 The chairperson may, with the consent of a meeting at which a quorum is present (and shall if so directed by the meeting) adjourn the meeting from time to time and from place to place, but no business shall be transacted at any adjourned meeting other than the business left unfinished at the meeting from which the adjournment took place.

 

21.7 When a general meeting is adjourned for thirty (30) days or more, notice of the adjourned meeting shall be given as in the case of an original meeting. Otherwise, it shall not be necessary to give any such notice of an adjourned meeting.

 

21.8 If a notice is issued in respect of a general meeting and the Board, in its absolute discretion, considers that it is impractical or undesirable for any reason to hold that general meeting at the place, the day and the hour specified in the notice calling such general meeting, the Board may postpone the general meeting to another place, day or hour provided that notice of the place, the day and the hour of the rearranged general meeting is promptly given to all Members. No business shall be transacted at any postponed meeting other than the business specified in the notice of the original meeting.

 

21.9 When a general meeting is postponed for thirty (30) days or more, notice of the postponed meeting shall be given as in the case of an original meeting. Otherwise it shall not be necessary to give any such notice of a postponed meeting. All proxy forms submitted for the original general meeting shall remain valid for the postponed meeting. The Board may postpone a general meeting which has already been postponed.

 

21.10 A resolution put to the vote of the meeting shall be decided on a poll.

 

21.11 A poll shall be taken as the chairperson directs, and the result of the poll shall be deemed to be the resolution of the general meeting at which the poll was demanded.

 

21.12 In the case of an equality of votes the chairperson shall not be entitled to a second or casting vote.

 

21.13 A resolution (including a Special Resolution) in writing (in one or more counterparts) signed by or on behalf of all of the Members for the time being entitled to receive notice of and to attend and vote at general meetings (or, being corporations or other non-natural persons, signed by their duly authorized representatives) shall be as valid and effective as if the resolution had been passed at a general meeting of the Company duly convened and held.

 

22.Votes of Members

 

22.1 Subject to any rights or restrictions attached to any Shares, every Member present in person and every person representing a Member by proxy at a general meeting of the Company shall have one vote for every Share of which he is the holder. No cumulative voting is allowed.

 

22.2 In the case of joint holders the vote of the senior holder who tenders a vote, whether in person or by proxy (or, in the case of a corporation or other non-natural person, by its duly authorized representative or proxy), shall be accepted to the exclusion of the votes of the other joint holders, and seniority shall be determined by the order in which the names of the holders stand in the Register of Members.

 

22.3 A Member of unsound mind, or in respect of whom an order has been made by any court, having jurisdiction in lunacy, may vote by his committee, receiver, legal guardian or other person on such Member’s behalf appointed by that court, and any such committee, receiver, legal guardian or other person may vote by proxy.

 

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22.4 No Member shall be entitled to vote at any general meeting unless he is registered as a Member on the record date for such meeting nor unless all calls or other monies then payable by him in respect of Shares have been paid.

 

22.5 No objection shall be raised as to the qualification of any voter except at the general meeting or adjourned general meeting at which the vote objected to is given or tendered and every vote not disallowed at the meeting shall be valid. Any objection made in due time in accordance with this Article shall be referred to the chairperson whose decision shall be final and conclusive.

 

22.6 Votes may be cast either personally or by proxy (or in the case of a corporation or other non-natural person by its duly authorized representative or proxy). A Member may appoint more than one proxy or the same proxy under one or more instruments to attend and vote at a meeting. Where a Member appoints more than one proxy the instrument of proxy shall specify the number of Shares in respect of which each proxy is entitled to exercise the related votes.

 

22.7 A Member holding more than one Share need not cast the votes in respect of his Shares in the same way on any resolution and therefore may vote a Share or some or all such Shares either for or against a resolution or abstain from voting a Share or some or all of the Shares and, subject to the terms of the instrument appointing him, a proxy appointed under one or more instruments may vote a Share or some or all of the Shares in respect of which he is appointed either for or against a resolution or abstain from voting a Share or some or all of the Shares in respect of which he is appointed.

 

23.Proxies

 

23.1 The instrument appointing a proxy shall be in writing and shall be executed under the hand of the appointor or of his attorney duly authorized in writing, or, if the appointor is a corporation or other non natural person, under the hand of its duly authorized representative. A proxy need not be a Member.

 

23.2 The Board may, in the notice convening any meeting or adjourned meeting, or in an instrument of proxy sent out by the Company, specify the manner by which the instrument appointing a proxy shall be deposited and the place and the time (being not later than the time appointed for the commencement of the meeting or adjourned meeting to which the proxy relates) at which the instrument appointing a proxy shall be deposited. In the absence of any such direction from the Board in the notice convening any meeting or adjourned meeting or in an instrument of proxy sent out by the Company, the instrument appointing a proxy shall be deposited physically at the Registered Office not less than 48 hours before the time appointed for the meeting or adjourned meeting to commence at which the person named in the instrument proposes to vote.

 

23.3 The chairperson may in any event at his discretion declare that an instrument of proxy shall be deemed to have been duly deposited. An instrument of proxy that is not deposited in the manner permitted, or which has not been declared to have been duly deposited by the chairperson, shall be invalid.

 

23.4 The instrument appointing a proxy may be in any usual or common form (or such other form as the Board may approve) and may be expressed to be for a particular meeting or any adjournment thereof or generally until revoked. An instrument appointing a proxy shall be deemed to include the power to demand or join or concur in demanding a poll.

 

23.5 Votes given in accordance with the terms of an instrument of proxy shall be valid notwithstanding the previous death or insanity of the principal or revocation of the proxy or of the authority under which the proxy was executed, or the transfer of the Share in respect of which the proxy is given unless notice in writing of such death, insanity, revocation or transfer was received by the Company at the Registered Office before the commencement of the general meeting, or adjourned meeting at which it is sought to use the proxy.

 

24.Corporate Members

 

24.1 Any corporation or other non-natural person which is a Member may in accordance with its constitutional documents, or in the absence of such provision by resolution of its Directors or other governing body, authorize such person as it thinks fit to act as its representative at any meeting of the Company or of any class of Members, and the person so authorized shall be entitled to exercise the same powers on behalf of the corporation which he represents as the corporation could exercise if it were an individual Member.

 

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24.2 If a Clearing House or depository (or its nominee(s)), being a corporation, is a Member, it may authorize such persons as it sees fit to act as its representative at any meeting of the Company or at any meeting of any class of Members provided that the authorization shall specify the number and class of Shares in respect of which each such representative is so authorized. Each person so authorized under the provisions of this Article shall be deemed to have been duly authorized without further evidence of the facts and be entitled to exercise the same rights and powers on behalf of the Clearing House (or its nominee(s)) as if such person was the registered holder of such Shares held by the Clearing House (or its nominee(s)).

 

25.Shares that May Not be Voted

 

Shares in the Company that are beneficially owned by the Company shall not be voted, directly or indirectly, at any meeting and shall not be counted in determining the total number of outstanding Shares at any given time.

 

26.Board of Directors; Appointment and Removal of Directors

 

26.1 The Board shall consist of up to nine (9) Directors and not less than three (3) Directors, unless increased or decreased from time to time by Ordinary Resolution in a general meeting.

 

26.2 Prior to each annual general meeting, the Board (or a nominating committee established by the Board for such purpose) may select, via a resolution adopted by a majority of the Board or such committee, a number of persons to be proposed to the Members for appointment as Directors at such annual general meeting, for service until the next annual general meeting (the “Nominees”). Any Member entitled under Applicable Law to propose one or more persons as nominees for appointment as Directors at an annual general meeting (each such nominee, an “Alternate Nominee”) may make such proposal only if a written notice of such Member’s intent to that effect has been given to the secretary of the Company (or, if there is no such secretary, the chief executive officer of the Company) within the periods set out in Article 19.4 above. Each such notice shall set forth: (a) the name and address of the Member who intends to make the nomination and of the Alternate Nominees; (b) a representation that the Member is a holder of record of Shares entitled to vote at such meeting (including the number of Shares held of record by the Member) and intends to appear in person or by proxy at the meeting to nominate the Alternate Nominees; (c) a description of all arrangements or understandings between the Member and each Alternate Nominee and any other person or persons (naming such person or persons) pursuant to which the nomination or nominations are to be made by the Member; (d) the consent of each Alternate Nominee to serve as a Director if so appointed and (e) a declaration signed by each Alternate Nominee declaring that there is no limitation under Applicable Law for the appointment of such nominee and that all of the information that is required under Applicable Law to be provided to the Company in connection with such an appointment has been provided. The Board may refuse to acknowledge the nomination of any person not made in compliance with the foregoing procedure.

 

26.3 Unless the Board resolves that the appointment of Nominees or Alternate Nominees as Directors will be determined based on those Nominees or Alternate Nominees receiving the highest number of votes of Members in favor of their appointment— even if less than a majority of all Members’ votes that are cast, the Nominees or Alternate Nominees shall be appointed by Ordinary Resolution at the annual general meeting at which they are proposed for appointment. If the appointment of the Nominees or Alternate Nominees proposed to be appointed would cause the total number of Directors (including those then in office) to exceed the maximum number prescribed by Article 26.1 above, then any Directors then in office who are not named as Nominees or Alternate Nominees will cease to hold office following the conclusion of such annual general meeting, if any such Nominees or Alternate Nominees are appointed in such meeting, and upon such Nominees or Alternate Nominees taking office. If (a) the appointment of the Nominees or Alternate Nominees proposed to be appointed would not cause the total number of Directors to exceed the maximum, or (b) no Nominees or Alternate Nominees are proposed to be appointed at an annual general meeting by either the Board or Members, or (c) no Nominees or Alternate Nominees are eventually appointed in such annual general meeting – all Directors then in office shall continue to hold office until the convening of a general meeting at which Nominees or Alternate Nominees shall be proposed and appointed, and where such appointment would cause the total number of Directors to exceed the maximum.

 

26.4 If the office of a Director shall be vacated at any time due to death, resignation, disqualification or removal in accordance with these Articles or Applicable Law, or if the number of Directors is less than the maximum prescribed by Article 26.1 above (including as a result of an increase in the authorized size of the Board), leaving one or more available offices unfilled, the remaining Directors shall be entitled to appoint another Director in place of each Director whose office has become or remains vacated, and such Director (or Directors) shall hold office until replaced in the manner set out in Articles 26.2 and 26.3 above.

 

26.5 The Company may by Special Resolution remove any Director from office. However, a decrease in the authorized size of the Board (i.e., the number of Directors who are authorized to serve on the Board) shall not be deemed to remove any incumbent Director, if the number of Directors then serving exceeds the reduced authorized size of the Board.

 

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27.Powers of the Board

 

27.1 Subject to the provisions of the Statute, the Memorandum and the Articles and to any directions given by Special Resolution, the business of the Company shall be managed by the Board, which may exercise all the powers of the Company. No alteration of the Memorandum or Articles and no such direction shall invalidate any prior act of the Board which would have been valid if that alteration had not been made or that direction had not been given. A duly convened meeting of Board at which a quorum is present may exercise all powers exercisable by the Board.

 

27.2 All cheques, promissory notes, drafts, bills of exchange and other negotiable or transferable instruments and all receipts for monies paid to the Company shall be signed, drawn, accepted, endorsed or otherwise executed as the case may be in such manner as the Board shall determine by resolution.

 

27.3 The Board on behalf of the Company may pay a gratuity or pension or allowance on retirement to any director who has held any other salaried office or place of profit with the Company or to his widow or dependents and may make contributions to any fund and pay premiums for the purchase or provision of any such gratuity, pension or allowance.

 

27.4 The Board may exercise all the powers of the Company to borrow money and to mortgage or charge its undertaking, property and assets (present and future) and uncalled capital or any part thereof and to issue debentures, debenture stock, mortgages, bonds and other such securities whether outright or as security for any debt, liability or obligation of the Company or of any third party.

 

28.Vacation of Office of Director

 

The office of a Director shall be vacated if:

 

28.1 the Director gives notice in writing to the Company that he resigns the office of Director;

 

28.2 the Director absents himself (for the avoidance of doubt, without being represented by proxy) from three consecutive meetings of the Board without special leave of absence from the Board, and the Board passes a resolution that he has by reason of such absence vacated office;

 

28.3 the Director dies, becomes bankrupt or makes any arrangement or composition with his creditors generally;

 

28.4 the Director is found to be or becomes of unsound mind;

 

28.5 the Director has been convicted of a felony by a court of competent jurisdiction and such conviction is no longer subject to direct appeal;

 

28.6 the Director has been found by the affirmative vote of a majority of the Directors then in office at any meeting of the Board called for that purpose or by unanimous written resolution of the Board, or by a court of competent jurisdiction, to have been guilty of willful misconduct in the performance of such Director’s duties to the Company in a matter of substantial importance to the Company; or

 

28.7 all of the other Directors (being not less than two in number) determine that he should be removed as a Director, either by a resolution passed by all of the other Directors at a meeting of the Board duly convened and held in accordance with the Articles or by a resolution in writing signed by all of the other Directors.

 

29.Proceedings of the Board

 

29.1 The quorum for the transaction of the business of the Board may be fixed by the Directors, and unless so fixed shall be a majority of the Directors then in office.

 

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29.2 Subject to the provisions of the Articles, the Board may regulate its proceedings as it thinks fit. Questions arising at any meeting shall be decided by a majority of votes. In the case of an equality of votes, the chairperson shall not have a second or casting vote.

 

29.3 A Director may participate in a meeting of the Board or any committee of the Board by conference telephone or other communications equipment by means of which all the persons participating in the meeting can communicate with each other at the same time. Participation by a Director in a meeting in this manner is treated as presence in person at that meeting. Unless otherwise determined by the Board, the meeting shall be deemed to be held at the place where the chairperson is located at the start of the meeting.

 

29.4 A resolution in writing (in one or more counterparts) signed by all the Directors or all the members of a committee of the Board or, in the case of a resolution in writing relating to the removal of any Director or the vacation of office by any Director, all of the Directors other than the Director who is the subject of such resolution shall be as valid and effectual as if it had been passed at a meeting of the Board, or committee of the Board as the case may be, duly convened and held.

 

29.5 A Director may, or other Officer on the direction of a Director shall, call a meeting of the Board by at least two (2) days’ notice in writing to every Director which notice shall set forth the general nature of the business to be considered unless notice is waived by all the Directors either at, before or after the meeting is held. To any such notice of a meeting of the Board all the provisions of the Articles relating to the giving of notices by the Company to the Members shall apply mutatis mutandis.

 

29.6 The continuing Directors (or a sole continuing Director, as the case may be) may act notwithstanding any vacancy in their body, but if and so long as their number is reduced below the number fixed by or pursuant to the Articles as the necessary quorum of Directors the continuing Directors or Director may act for the purpose of increasing the number of Directors to be equal to such fixed number, or of summoning a general meeting of the Company, but for no other purpose.

 

29.7 The Board may elect a chairperson of the board and determine the period for which he or she is to hold office; but if no such chairperson is elected, or if at any meeting the chairperson is not present within five minutes after the time appointed for the meeting to commence, the Directors present may choose one of their number to be chairperson of the meeting.

 

29.8 All acts done by any meeting of the Board or of a committee of the Board shall, notwithstanding that it is afterwards discovered that there was some defect in the appointment of any Director, or that they or any of them were disqualified, or had vacated their office or were not entitled to vote, be as valid as if every such person had been duly appointed or not disqualified to be a Director or had not vacated their office or had been entitled to vote, as the case may be.

 

29.9 A Director may be represented at any meetings of the Board by a proxy appointed in writing by him. The proxy shall count towards the quorum and the vote of the proxy shall for all purposes be deemed to be that of the appointing Director.

 

30.Presumption of Assent

 

A Director who is present at a meeting of the Board at which action on any Company matter is taken shall be presumed to have assented to the action taken unless his dissent or abstention shall be entered in the minutes of the meeting or unless he shall file his written dissent from such action with the person acting as the chairperson or secretary of the meeting before the adjournment thereof or shall forward such dissent by registered post to such person immediately after the adjournment of the meeting. Such right to dissent shall not apply to a Director who voted in favour of such action.

 

31.Directors’ Interests

 

31.1 A Director may hold any other office or place of profit under the Company (other than the office of Auditor) in conjunction with his office of Director for such period and on such terms as to remuneration and otherwise as the Board may determine.

 

31.2 A Director may act by himself or by, through or on behalf of his firm in a professional capacity for the Company and he or his firm shall be entitled to remuneration for professional services as if he were not a Director.

 

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31.3 A Director may be or become a Director or other officer of or otherwise interested in any company promoted by the Company or in which the Company may be interested as a shareholder, a contracting party or otherwise, and no such Director shall be accountable to the Company for any remuneration or other benefits received by him as a Director or officer of, or from his interest in, such other company.

 

31.4 No person shall be disqualified from the office of Director or prevented by such office from contracting with the Company, either as vendor, purchaser or otherwise, nor shall any such contract or any contract or transaction entered into by or on behalf of the Company in which any Director shall be in any way interested be or be liable to be avoided, nor shall any Director so contracting or being so interested be liable to account to the Company for any profit realized by or arising in connection with any such contract or transaction by reason of such Director holding office or of the fiduciary relationship thereby established. A Director shall be at liberty to vote in respect of any contract or transaction in which he is interested provided that the nature of the interest of any Director in any such contract or transaction shall be disclosed by him at or prior to its consideration and any vote thereon.

 

31.5 A general notice that a Director is a shareholder, Director, officer or employee of any specified firm or company and is to be regarded as interested in any transaction with such firm or company shall be sufficient disclosure for the purposes of voting on a resolution in respect of a contract or transaction in which he has an interest, and after such general notice it shall not be necessary to give special notice relating to any particular transaction.

 

32.Minutes

 

The Board shall cause minutes to be made in books kept for the purpose of recording all appointments of Officers made by the Board, all proceedings at meetings of the Company or the holders of any class of Shares and of the Board, and of committees of the Board, including the names of the Directors present at each meeting.

 

33.Delegation of Powers by the Board

 

33.1 The Board may delegate any of its powers, including the power to sub-delegate, to any committee consisting of one or more Directors (including, without limitation, the Audit Committee and the Compensation Committee). Any such delegation may be made subject to any conditions the Board may impose and either collaterally with or to the exclusion of their own powers and any such delegation may be revoked or altered by the Board. Subject to any such conditions, the proceedings of a committee of the Board shall be governed by the Articles regulating the proceedings of the Board, so far as they are capable of applying.

 

33.2 The Board may establish any committees, local boards or agencies or appoint any person to be a manager or agent for managing the affairs of the Company and may appoint any person to be a member of such committees, local boards or agencies. Any such appointment may be made subject to any conditions the Board may impose, and either collaterally with or to the exclusion of their own powers and any such appointment may be revoked or altered by the Board. Subject to any such conditions, the proceedings of any such committee, local board or agency shall be governed by the Articles regulating the proceedings of the Board, so far as they are capable of applying.

 

33.3 The Board may adopt formal written charters for committees and, if so adopted, shall review and assess the adequacy of such formal written charters on an annual basis. Each of these committees shall be empowered to do all things necessary to exercise the rights of such committee set forth in the Articles and shall have such powers as the Board may delegate pursuant to the Articles and as required by the rules of the Designated Stock Exchange, the Securities and Exchange Commission or any other competent regulatory authority or otherwise under Applicable Law. Each of the Audit Committee and the Compensation Committee, if established, shall consist of such number of Directors as the Board shall from time to time determine (or such minimum number as may be required from time to time by the rules and regulations of the Designated Stock Exchange, the Securities and Exchange Commission or any other competent regulatory authority or otherwise under Applicable Law). For so long as any class of Shares is listed on the Designated Stock Exchange, the Audit Committee and the Compensation Committee shall be made up of such number of Independent Directors as is required from time to time by the rules and regulations of the Designated Stock Exchange, the Securities and Exchange Commission or any other competent regulatory authority or otherwise under Applicable Law.

 

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33.4 The Board may by power of attorney or otherwise appoint any person to be the agent of the Company on such conditions as the Board may determine, provided that the delegation is not to the exclusion of their own powers and may be revoked by the Board at any time.

 

33.5 The Board may by power of attorney or otherwise appoint any company, firm, person or body of persons, whether nominated directly or indirectly by the Board, to be the attorney or authorized signatory of the Company for such purpose and with such powers, authorities and discretions (not exceeding those vested in or exercisable by the Board under the Articles) and for such period and subject to such conditions as they may think fit, and any such powers of attorney or other appointment may contain such provisions for the protection and convenience of persons dealing with any such attorneys or authorized signatories as the Board may think fit and may also authorize any such attorney or authorized signatory to delegate all or any of the powers, authorities and discretions vested in him.

 

33.6 The Board may appoint such Officers as they consider necessary on such terms, at such remuneration and to perform such duties, and subject to such provisions as to disqualification and removal as the Board may think fit. Unless otherwise specified in the terms of his appointment an Officer may be removed by resolution of the Board or Members. An Officer may vacate his office at any time if he gives notice in writing to the Company that he resigns his office.

 

34.No Minimum Shareholding

 

The Company in general meeting may fix a minimum shareholding required to be held by a Director, but unless and until such a shareholding qualification is fixed a Director is not required to hold Shares.

 

35.Remuneration of Directors

 

35.1 The remuneration to be paid to the Directors, if any, shall be such remuneration as the Board shall determine. The Directors shall also be entitled to be paid all travelling, hotel and other expenses properly incurred by them in connection with their attendance at meetings of the Board or committees of the Board, or general meetings of the Company, or separate meetings of the holders of any class of Shares or debentures of the Company, or otherwise in connection with the business of the Company or the discharge of their duties as a Director, or to receive a fixed allowance in respect thereof as may be determined by the Board, or a combination partly of one such method and partly the other.

 

35.2 The Board may by resolution approve additional remuneration to any Director for any services which in the opinion of the Board go beyond his ordinary routine work as a Director. Any fees paid to a Director who is also counsel, attorney or solicitor to the Company, or otherwise serves it in a professional capacity shall be in addition to his remuneration as a Director.

 

36.Seal

 

36.1 The Company may, if the Board so determines, have a Seal. The Seal shall only be used by the authority of the Board or of a committee of the Board authorized by the Board. Every instrument to which the Seal has been affixed shall be signed by at least one person who shall be either a Director or some Officer or other person appointed by the Board for the purpose.

 

36.2 The Company may have for use in any place or places outside the Cayman Islands a duplicate Seal or Seals each of which shall be a facsimile of the common Seal of the Company and, if the Board so determines, with the addition on its face of the name of every place where it is to be used.

 

36.3 A Director or Officer, representative or attorney of the Company may without further authority of the Board affix the Seal over his signature alone to any document of the Company required to be authenticated by him under seal or to be filed with the Registrar of Companies in the Cayman Islands or elsewhere wheresoever.

 

37.Dividends, Distributions and Reserve

 

37.1 Subject to the Statute and this Article and except as otherwise provided by the rights attached to any Shares, the Board may resolve to pay Dividends and other distributions on Shares in issue and authorize payment of the Dividends or other distributions out of the funds of the Company lawfully available therefor. A Dividend shall be deemed to be an interim Dividend unless the terms of the resolution pursuant to which the Board resolves to pay such Dividend specifically state that such Dividend shall be a final Dividend. No Dividend or other distribution shall be paid except out of the realized or unrealized profits of the Company, out of the share premium account or as otherwise permitted by law.

 

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37.2 Except as otherwise provided by the rights attached to any Shares, all Dividends and other distributions shall be paid according to the par value of the Shares that a Member holds. If any Share is issued on terms providing that it shall rank for Dividend as from a particular date, that Share shall rank for Dividend accordingly.

 

37.3 The Board may deduct from any Dividend or other distribution payable to any Member all sums of money (if any) then payable by him to the Company on account of calls or otherwise.

 

37.4 The Board may resolve that any Dividend or other distribution be paid wholly or partly by the distribution of specific assets and in particular (but without limitation) by the distribution of shares, debentures, or securities of any other company or in any one or more of such ways and where any difficulty arises in regard to such distribution, the Board may settle the same as they think expedient and in particular may issue fractional Shares and may fix the value for distribution of such specific assets or any part thereof and may determine that cash payments shall be made to any Members upon the basis of the value so fixed in order to adjust the rights of all Members and may vest any such specific assets in trustees in such manner as may seem expedient to the Board.

 

37.5 Except as otherwise provided by the rights attached to any Shares, Dividends and other distributions may be paid in any currency. The Board may determine the basis of conversion for any currency conversions that may be required and how any costs involved are to be met.

 

37.6 The Board may, before resolving to pay any Dividend or other distribution, set aside such sums as they think proper as a reserve or reserves which shall, at the discretion of the Board, be applicable for any purpose of the Company and pending such application may, at the discretion of the Board, be employed in the business of the Company.

 

37.7 Any Dividend, other distribution, interest or other monies payable in cash in respect of Shares may be paid by wire transfer to the holder or by cheque or warrant sent through the post directed to the registered address of the holder or, in the case of joint holders, to the registered address of the holder who is first named on the Register of Members or to such person and to such address as such holder or joint holders may in writing direct. Every such cheque or warrant shall be made payable to the order of the person to whom it is sent. Any one of two or more joint holders may give effectual receipts for any Dividends, other distributions, bonuses, or other monies payable in respect of the Share held by them as joint holders.

 

37.8 No Dividend or other distribution shall bear interest against the Company.

 

37.9 Any Dividend or other distribution which cannot be paid to a Member or which remains unclaimed after six (6) months from the date on which such Dividend or other distribution becomes payable may, in the discretion of the Board, be paid into a separate account in the Company’s name, provided that the Company shall not be constituted as a trustee in respect of that account and the Dividend or other distribution shall remain as a debt due to the Member. Any Dividend or other distribution which remains unclaimed after a period of six (6) years from the date on which such Dividend or other distribution becomes payable shall be forfeited and shall revert to the Company.

 

38.Capitalization

 

Subject to the Statute and these Articles, the Board may at any time capitalize any sum standing to the credit of any of the Company’s reserve accounts or funds (including the share premium account and capital redemption reserve fund) or any sum standing to the credit of the profit and loss account or otherwise available for distribution; appropriate such sum to Members in the proportions in which such sum would have been divisible amongst such Members had the same been a distribution of profits by way of Dividend or other distribution; and apply such sum on their behalf in paying up in full unissued Shares for allotment and distribution credited as fully paid-up to and amongst them in the proportion aforesaid. In such event the Board shall do all acts and things required to give effect to such capitalization, with full power given to the Board to make such provisions as they think fit in the case of Shares becoming distributable in fractions (including provisions whereby the benefit of fractional entitlements accrue to the Company rather than to the Members concerned). The Board may authorize any person to enter on behalf of all of the Members interested into an agreement with the Company providing for such capitalization and matters incidental or relating thereto and any agreement made under such authority shall be effective and binding on all such Members and the Company.

 

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39.Books of Account

 

39.1 The Board shall cause proper books of account (including, where applicable, material underlying documentation including contracts and invoices) to be kept with respect to all sums of money received and expended by the Company and the matters in respect of which the receipt or expenditure takes place, all sales and purchases of goods by the Company and the assets and liabilities of the Company. Such books of account must be retained for a minimum period of five (5) years from the date on which they are prepared. Proper books shall not be deemed to be kept if there are not kept such books of account as are necessary to give a true and fair view of the state of the Company’s affairs and to explain its transactions.

 

39.2 The Board shall determine whether and to what extent and at what times and places and under what conditions or regulations the accounts and books of the Company or any of them shall be open to the inspection of Members not being Directors and no Member (not being a Director) shall have any right of inspecting any account or book or document of the Company except as conferred by Statute or authorized by the Board or by the Company in general meeting.

 

39.3 The Board may cause to be prepared and to be laid before the Company in general meeting profit and loss accounts, balance sheets, group accounts (if any) and such other reports and accounts as may be required by law.

 

40.Audit

 

40.1 The Board may appoint an Auditor of the Company who shall hold office on such terms as the Board determines.

 

40.2 Without prejudice to the freedom of the Board to establish any other committee, if the Shares (or depositary receipts therefor) are listed or quoted on the Designated Stock Exchange, and if required by the rules and regulations of the Designated Stock Exchange, the Securities and Exchange Commission or any other competent regulatory authority or otherwise under Applicable Law, the Board shall establish and maintain an Audit Committee as a committee of the Board and shall adopt a formal written Audit Committee charter and review and assess the adequacy of the formal written charter on an annual basis. The composition and responsibilities of the Audit Committee shall comply with the rules and regulations of the Designated Stock Exchange, the Securities and Exchange Commission or any other competent regulatory authority or otherwise under Applicable Law. The Audit Committee shall meet at least once every financial quarter, or more frequently as circumstances dictate.

 

40.3 shall conduct an appropriate review of all related party transactions on an ongoing basis and shall utilize the Audit Committee for the review and approval of potential conflicts of interest.

 

40.4 The remuneration of the Auditor shall be fixed by the Audit Committee (if one exists).

 

40.5 If the office of Auditor becomes vacant by resignation or death of the Auditor, or by his becoming incapable of acting by reason of illness or other disability at a time when his services are required, the Board shall fill the vacancy and determine the remuneration of such Auditor.

 

40.6 Every Auditor of the Company shall have a right of access at all times to the books and accounts and vouchers of the Company and shall be entitled to require from the Board and Officers such information and explanation as may be necessary for the performance of the duties of the Auditor.

 

40.7 Auditors shall, if so required by the Board, make a report on the accounts of the Company during their tenure of office at the next extraordinary general meeting following their appointment, and at any other time during their term of office, upon request of the Board or any general meeting of the Members.

 

40.8 Any payment made to members of the Audit Committee (if one exists) shall require the review and approval of the Board, with any Director interested in such payment abstaining from such review and approval.

 

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40.9 At least one member of the Audit Committee shall be an “audit committee financial expert” as determined by the rules and regulations of the Designated Stock Exchange, the Securities and Exchange Commission or any other competent regulatory authority or otherwise under Applicable Law. The “audit committee financial expert” shall have such past employment experience in finance or accounting, requisite professional certification in accounting, or any other comparable experience or background which results in the individual’s financial sophistication.

 

41.Notices

 

41.1 Notices shall be in writing and may be given by the Company to any Member either personally or by sending it by courier, post, cable, telex, fax or e-mail to him or to his address as shown in the Register of Members (or where the notice is given by e-mail by sending it to the e-mail address provided by such Member). Notice may also be served by Electronic Communication in accordance with the rules and regulations of the Designated Stock Exchange, the Securities and Exchange Commission or any other competent regulatory authority or by placing it on the Company’s Website.

 

41.2 Where a notice is sent by:

 

42.2.1 courier; service of the notice shall be deemed to be effected by delivery of the notice to a courier company, and shall be deemed to have been received on the third day (not including Saturdays or Sundays or public holidays) following the day on which the notice was delivered to the courier;

 

42.2.2 post; service of the notice shall be deemed to be effected by properly addressing, pre paying and posting a letter containing the notice, and shall be deemed to have been received on the fifth day (not including Saturdays or Sundays or public holidays in the Cayman Islands) following the day on which the notice was posted;

 

42.2.3 cable, telex or fax; service of the notice shall be deemed to be effected by properly addressing and sending such notice and shall be deemed to have been received on the same day that it was transmitted;

 

42.2.4 e-mail or other Electronic Communication; service of the notice shall be deemed to be effected by transmitting the e-mail to the e-mail address provided by the intended recipient and shall be deemed to have been received on the same day that it was sent, and it shall not be necessary for the receipt of the e-mail to be acknowledged by the recipient; and

 

42.2.5 placing it on the Company’s Website; service of the notice shall be deemed to have been effected one hour after the notice or document was placed on the Company’s Website.

 

41.3 A notice may be given by the Company to the person or persons which the Company has been advised are entitled to a Share or Shares in consequence of the death or bankruptcy of a Member in the same manner as other notices which are required to be given under the Articles and shall be addressed to them by name, or by the title of representatives of the deceased, or trustee of the bankrupt, or by any like description at the address supplied for that purpose by the persons claiming to be so entitled, or at the option of the Company by giving the notice in any manner in which the same might have been given if the death or bankruptcy had not occurred.

 

41.4 Notice of every general meeting shall be given in any manner authorized by the Articles to every holder of Shares carrying an entitlement to receive such notice on the record date for such meeting except that in the case of joint holders the notice shall be sufficient if given to the joint holder first named in the Register of Members and every person upon whom the ownership of a Share devolves by reason of his being a legal personal representative or a trustee in bankruptcy of a Member where the Member but for his death or bankruptcy would be entitled to receive notice of the meeting, and no other person shall be entitled to receive notices of general meetings.

 

42.Winding Up

 

42.1 If the Company shall be wound up, the liquidator shall apply the assets of the Company in satisfaction of creditors’ claims in such manner and order as such liquidator thinks fit. Subject to the rights attaching to any Shares, in a winding up:

 

43.1.1 if the assets available for distribution amongst the Members shall be insufficient to repay the whole of the Company’s issued share capital, such assets shall be distributed so that, as nearly as may be, the losses shall be borne by the Members in proportion to the par value of the Shares held by them; or

 

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43.1.2 if the assets available for distribution amongst the Members shall be more than sufficient to repay the whole of the Company’s issued share capital at the commencement of the winding up, the surplus shall be distributed amongst the Members in proportion to the par value of the Shares held by them at the commencement of the winding up subject to a deduction from those Shares in respect of which there are monies due, of all monies payable to the Company for unpaid calls or otherwise.

 

42.2 If the Company shall be wound up the liquidator may, subject to the rights attaching to any Shares and with the approval of a Special Resolution of the Company and any other approval required by the Statute, divide amongst the Members in kind the whole or any part of the assets of the Company (whether such assets shall consist of property of the same kind or not) and may for that purpose value any assets and determine how the division shall be carried out as between the Members or different classes of Members. The liquidator may, with the like approval, vest the whole or any part of such assets in trustees upon such trusts for the benefit of the Members as the liquidator, with the like approval, shall think fit, but so that no Member shall be compelled to accept any asset upon which there is a liability.

 

43.Indemnity and Insurance

 

43.1 Every Director and Officer (which for the avoidance of doubt, shall not include auditors of the Company), together with every former Director and former Officer (each an “Indemnified Person”) shall be indemnified out of the assets of the Company against any liability, action, proceeding, claim, demand, costs, damages or expenses, including legal expenses, whatsoever which they or any of them may incur as a result of any act or failure to act in carrying out their functions other than such liability (if any) that they may incur by reason of their own actual fraud, wilful neglect or wilful default. No Indemnified Person shall be liable to the Company for any loss or damage incurred by the Company as a result (whether direct or indirect) of the carrying out of their functions unless that liability arises through the actual fraud, wilful neglect or wilful default of such Indemnified Person. No person shall be found to have committed actual fraud, wilful neglect or wilful default under this Article unless or until a court of competent jurisdiction shall have made a finding to that effect.

 

43.2 The Company shall advance to each Indemnified Person reasonable attorneys’ fees and other costs and expenses incurred in connection with the defence of any action, suit, proceeding or investigation involving such Indemnified Person for which indemnity will or could be sought. In connection with any advance of any expenses hereunder, the Indemnified Person shall execute an undertaking to repay the advanced amount to the Company if it shall be determined by final judgment or other final adjudication that such Indemnified Person was not entitled to indemnification pursuant to this Article. If it shall be determined by a final judgment or other final adjudication that such Indemnified Person was not entitled to indemnification with respect to such judgment, costs or expenses, then such party shall not be indemnified with respect to such judgment, costs or expenses and any advancement shall be returned to the Company (without interest) by the Indemnified Person.

 

43.3 The Directors, on behalf of the Company, may purchase and maintain insurance for the benefit of any Director or Officer against any liability which, by virtue of any rule of law, would otherwise attach to such person in respect of any negligence, default, breach of duty or breach of trust of which such person may be guilty in relation to the Company.

 

44.Financial Year

 

Unless the Board otherwise prescribes, the financial year of the Company shall end on 31st December in each year and, following the year of incorporation, shall begin on 1st January in each year.

 

45.Transfer by Way of Continuation

 

If the Company is exempted as defined in the Statute, it shall, subject to the provisions of the Statute and with the approval of a Special Resolution, have the power to register by way of continuation as a body corporate under the laws of any jurisdiction outside the Cayman Islands and to be deregistered in the Cayman Islands.

 

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46.Mergers and Consolidations

 

The Company shall have the power to merge or consolidate with one or more other constituent companies (as defined in the Statute) upon such terms as the Board may determine and (to the extent required by the Statute) with the approval of a Special Resolution.

 

47.Business Opportunities

 

To the fullest extent permitted by Applicable Law, no individual serving as a Director or an Officer (“Management”) shall have any duty, except and to the extent expressly assumed by contract, to refrain from engaging directly or indirectly in the same or similar business activities or lines of business as the Company. To the fullest extent permitted by Applicable Law, the Company renounces any interest or expectancy of the Company in, or in being offered an opportunity to participate in, any potential transaction or matter which may be a corporate opportunity for Management, on the one hand, and the Company, on the other. Except to the extent expressly assumed by contract, to the fullest extent permitted by Applicable Law, Management shall have no duty to communicate or offer any such corporate opportunity to the Company and shall not be liable to the Company or its Members for breach of any fiduciary duty as a Member, Director and/or Officer solely by reason of the fact that such party pursues or acquires such corporate opportunity for itself or themself, directs such corporate opportunity to another person, or does not communicate information regarding such corporate opportunity to the Company.

 

Except as provided elsewhere in this Article, the Company hereby renounces any interest or expectancy of the Company in, or in being offered an opportunity to participate in, any potential transaction or matter which may be a corporate opportunity for both the Company and Management, about which a Director and/or Officer who is also a member of Management acquires knowledge.

 

To the extent a court might hold that the conduct of any activity related to a corporate opportunity that is renounced in this Article to be a breach of duty to the Company or its Members, the Company hereby waives, to the fullest extent permitted by Applicable Law, any and all claims and causes of action that the Company may have for such activities. To the fullest extent permitted by Applicable Law, the provisions of this Article apply equally to activities conducted in the future and that have been conducted in the past.

 

48.Exclusive Forum

 

Unless the Company consents in writing to the selection of an alternative forum and to the fullest extent permitted by law, the courts of the Cayman Islands shall have exclusive jurisdiction over any claim or dispute arising out of or in connection with these Articles or otherwise related in any way to each Member’s shareholding in the Company, including but not limited to (a) any derivative action or proceeding brought on behalf of the Company, (b) any action asserting a claim of breach of any fiduciary or other duty owed by any current of former Director, officer or other employee of the Company to the Company or the Members, or (c) any action asserting a claim arising pursuant to any provision of the Statute, the Memorandum or the Articles. Each Member irrevocably submits to the exclusive jurisdiction of the courts of the Cayman Islands over all such claims or disputes. The foregoing forum selection does not apply to suits brought to enforce any liability or duty created by the Securities Act or the Exchange Act and unless the Company consents in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the federal district courts of the United States of America will be the exclusive forum for the resolution of any complaint asserting a cause of action arising under the Securities Act or Exchange Act.

 

 

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