Significant Accounting Policies	12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2022
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]
Significant Accounting Policies	SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES Principles of Consolidation The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and subsidiaries. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. We consolidate all subsidiaries in which we have a controlling financial interest and variable interest entities ("VIEs") for which we or one of our consolidated subsidiaries is the primary beneficiary. We consolidate a VIE when we have both the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the results of the VIE and the right to receive benefits or the obligation to absorb losses of the entity that could be potentially significant to the VIE. Use of Estimates Our financial statements have been prepared in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP"), which requires management to make estimates, judgments and assumptions that we believe are reasonable based on our historical experience, contract terms, observance of known trends in our Company and the industry as a whole and information available from other outside sources. Our estimates affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and related disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expense during the reporting period. Actual results may differ from those initial estimates. Goodwill and Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets Goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets are required to be tested annually or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that it is more likely than not that an asset is impaired. An entity may first assess qualitative factors to determine whether it is necessary to complete the impairment test using a more likely than not criteria. If an entity believes it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is greater than the reporting unit's carrying value, including goodwill, the quantitative impairment test can be bypassed. Alternatively, an entity has an unconditional option to bypass the qualitative assessment and proceed directly to performing the quantitative impairment test. If a quantitative impairment test of goodwill is required, we generally determine the fair value under the market and income valuation approaches using inputs primarily related to discounted projected cash flows and price multiples of publicly traded comparable companies. If a quantitative impairment test of our indefinite-lived intangible assets is required, we generally determine the fair value using the Greenfield Method for gaming rights and relief-from-royalty method of the income approach for trademarks. The Greenfield Method is an income approach methodology that calculates the present value based on a projected cash flow stream. Qualitative factors include macroeconomic conditions, industry and market conditions, cost factors and overall financial performance, among others. These factors require judgments and estimates, and application of alternative assumptions could produce significantly different results. Evaluations of possible impairment require us to estimate, among other factors, forecasts of future operating results, revenue growth, operating expense, tax rates, start-up costs, capital expenditures, depreciation, working capital, discount rates, long-term growth rates, risk premiums, royalty rates, terminal values and fair market values of our reporting units and assets. The estimated future revenue, operating expenses, start-up costs and discount rate are the primary inputs to the Greenfield Method. Changes in estimates or the application of alternative assumptions could produce significantly different results. We perform our annual review for impairment of goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets on April 1 of each fiscal year, or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that it is more likely than not the relevant asset is impaired. Adverse industry or economic trends, lower projections of profitability, or a sustained decline in our market capitalization, among other items, may be indications of potential impairment issues, which are triggering events requiring the testing of an asset’s carrying value for recoverability. Goodwill is allocated and evaluated for impairment at the reporting unit level, which is defined as an operating segment or one level below an operating segment, referred to as a component. We are required to aggregate the components of an operating segment into one reporting unit if they have similar economic characteristics. Our gaming rights and trademarks are considered indefinite-lived intangible assets that do not require amortization based on our future expectations to operate our gaming facilities and use the trademarks indefinitely and our historical experience in renewing these intangible assets at minimal cost with various state gaming commissions. The indefinite lived-intangible assets carrying value are tested annually, or more frequently, if indicators of impairment exist, by comparing the fair value of the recorded assets to the associated carrying amount. If the carrying amount of the gaming rights and trademark intangible assets exceed fair value, an impairment loss is recognized. Property and Equipment We review the carrying value of our property and equipment to be held and used in our operations whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of an asset may not be recoverable from estimated future undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the asset's use and eventual disposition. Adverse industry or economic trends, lower projections of profitability, or a significant adverse change in legal factors or in the business climate, among other items, may be indications of potential impairment issues. If the undiscounted cash flows exceed the carrying value, no impairment is indicated. If the undiscounted cash flows do not exceed the carrying value, an impairment is recorded based on the fair value of the asset. Depreciation is calculated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the related assets as follows: 10 to 40 years for grandstands and buildings, 2 to 10 years for equipment, 2 to 10 years for furniture and fixtures and 10 to 20 years for tracks and other improvements. Revenue Recognition We generate revenue from pari-mutuel wagering transactions with customers related to live races, simulcast races, and historical races as well as simulcast host fees earned from other wagering sites. Our racetracks that host live races also generate revenue through sponsorships, admissions (including luxury suites), personal seat licenses ("PSLs"), television rights, concessions, programs and parking. Concessions, programs, and parking revenue is recognized once the good or service is delivered. Our live racetracks' revenue and income are influenced by our racing calendar. Similarly, TwinSpires Horse Racing revenue and income is influenced by racing calendars. Therefore, revenue and operating results for any interim quarter are not generally indicative of the revenue and operating results for the year and may not be comparable with results for the corresponding period of the previous year. We historically have had fewer live racing days during the first quarter of each year, and the majority of our live racing revenue occurs during the second quarter with the running of the Kentucky Oaks and Kentucky Derby. For live races we present at our racetracks, we recognize revenue on wagers we accept from customers at our racetrack ("on-track revenue") and revenue we earn from exporting our live racing signals to other racetracks, off-track betting facilities ("OTBs"), and advance deposit wagering providers ("export revenue"). For simulcast races we display at our racetracks, OTBs, and TwinSpires' platforms, we recognize revenue we earn from providing a wagering service to our customers on these imported live races ("import revenue"). TwinSpires import revenue is generated through advance deposit wagering which consists of patrons wagering through an advance deposit account. Each wagering contract for on-track revenue, and import revenue contains a single performance obligation and our export revenue contracts contain a series of distinct services that form a single performance obligation. The transaction price for on-track revenue and import revenue is fixed based on the established commission rate we are entitled to retain. The transaction price for export revenue is variable based on the simulcast host fee we charge our customers for exporting our signal. We may provide cash incentives in conjunction with wagering transactions we accept from TwinSpires' customers. These cash incentives represent consideration payable to a customer and therefore are treated as a reduction of the transaction price for the wagering transaction. Our export revenue contracts generally have a duration of one year or less. These arrangements are licenses of intellectual property containing a usage-based royalty. As a result, we have elected to use the practical expedient to omit disclosure related to remaining performance obligations for our export revenue contracts. We recognize on-track revenue, export revenue, and import revenue once the live race event is made official by the relevant racing regulatory body. We recognize revenue we earn from providing a wagering service to our customers on historical races at our HRM facilities. The transaction price for HRM revenue is based on the established commission rate we are entitled to retain for each wager on the HRM. We recognize HRM revenue once the historical race has been completed on the HRM, net of the liability to the pool. We evaluate our on-track revenue, export revenue, import revenue, and HRM revenue contracts in order to determine whether we are acting as the principal or as the agent when providing services, which we consider in determining if revenue should be reported gross or net. An entity is a principal if it controls the specified service before that service is transferred to a customer. The revenue we recognize for on-track revenue, import revenue, and HRM revenue is the commission we are entitled to retain for providing a wagering service to our customers. For these arrangements, we are the principal as we control the wagering service; therefore, any charges, including any applicable simulcast fees, we incur for delivering the wagering service are presented as operating expenses. For export revenue, our customer is the third-party wagering site such as a racetrack, OTB, or advance deposit wagering provider. Therefore, the revenue we recognize for export revenue is the simulcast host fee we earn for exporting our racing signal to the third-party wagering site. Our admission contracts are either for a single live racing event day or multiple days. Our PSLs, sponsorships, and television rights contracts generally relate to multiple live racing event days. Multiple day admission, PSLs, sponsorships, and television rights contracts contain a distinct series of services that form single performance obligations. Sponsorship contracts generally include performance obligations related to admissions and advertising rights at our racetracks. Television rights contracts contain a performance obligation related to the rights to distribute certain live racing events on media platforms. The transaction prices for our admissions, PSLs, sponsorships, and television rights contracts are fixed. We allocate the transaction price to our sponsorship contract performance obligations based on the estimated relative standalone selling price of each distinct service. The revenue we recognize for admissions to a live racing event day is recognized once the related event is complete. For admissions, PSLs, sponsorships, and television rights contracts that relate to multiple live racing event days, we recognize revenue over time using an output method of each completed live racing event day as our measure of progress. Each completed live racing event day corresponds with the transfer of the relevant service to a customer and therefore is considered a faithful depiction of our efforts to satisfy the promises in these contracts. This output method results in measuring the value transferred to date to the customer relative to the remaining services promised under the contracts. Certain premium live racing event days such as the Kentucky Derby and Oaks result in a higher value of revenue allocated relative to other live racing event days due to, among other things, the quality of thoroughbreds racing, higher levels of on-track attendance, national broadcast audience, local and national media coverage, and overall entertainment value of the event. While these performance obligations are satisfied over time, the timing of when this revenue is recognized is directly associated with the occurrence of our live racing events, which is when the majority of our revenues recognized at a point in time are also recognized. Timing of revenue recognition may differ from the timing of invoicing to customers for our long-term contracts for racing event-related services. We generally invoice customers prior to delivery of services for our admissions, PSLs, sponsorships, and television rights contracts. We recognize a receivable and a contract liability at the time we have an unconditional right to receive payment. When cash is received in advance of delivering services under our contracts, we defer revenue and recognize it in accordance with our policies for that type of contract. In situations where the timing of revenue recognition differs from the timing of invoicing, we have determined our contracts do not include a significant financing component. The primary purpose of our invoicing terms is to allow our customers to secure the right to the specific services provided under our contracts, not to receive financing from our customers. Gaming revenue primarily consists of gaming transactions. Other operating revenue, such as food and beverage or hotel revenue, is recognized once delivery of the product or service has occurred. The transaction price for gaming transactions is the difference between gaming wins and losses. Gaming wager revenue is recognized when the wager settles. The majority of our HRM facilities and gaming properties offer loyalty programs that enable customers to earn loyalty points based on their play. HRM and gaming transactions involve two performance obligations for those customers earning loyalty points under the Company’s loyalty programs and a single performance obligation for customers who do not participate in the program. Loyalty points are primarily redeemable for free wagering activities and food and beverage. For purposes of allocating the transaction price in an HRM and gaming transaction between the wagering performance obligation and the obligation associated with the loyalty points earned, the Company allocates an amount to the loyalty point contract liability based on the stand-alone selling price of the points earned, which is determined by the value of a loyalty point that can be redeemed for wagering activities or food and beverage. For gaming transactions, an amount of the transaction price allocated to the gaming performance obligation using the residual approach as the stand-alone price for wagers is highly variable and no set established price exists for such wagers. For HRM transactions, the amount of the transaction price allocated to the HRM performance obligation is the commission rate we are entitled to retain. The loyalty point contract liability amount is deferred and recognized as revenue when the customer redeems the points for a wagering transaction or food and beverage, and such goods or services are delivered to the customer. Income Taxes We use estimates and judgments for financial reporting to determine our current tax liability and deferred taxes. In accordance with the liability method of accounting for income taxes, we recognize the amount of taxes payable or refundable for the current year and deferred tax assets and liabilities for the future tax consequences of events that have been recognized in the consolidated financial statements or tax returns. Adjustments to deferred taxes are determined based upon the changes in differences between the book basis and tax basis of our assets and liabilities and measured using enacted tax rates we estimate will be applicable when these differences are expected to reverse. Changes in current tax laws, enacted tax rates or the estimated level of taxable income or non-deductible expense could change the valuation of deferred tax assets and liabilities and affect the overall effective tax rate and tax provision. When tax returns are filed, it is highly certain that some positions taken will be sustained upon examination by the taxing authorities, while others are subject to uncertainty about the merits of the position taken or the amount of the position that will be ultimately sustained. The benefit of a tax position is recognized in the financial statements in the period during which, based on all available evidence, management believes it is more likely than not that the position will be sustained upon examination, including the resolution of appeals or litigation processes, if any. Tax positions taken are not offset or aggregated with other positions. Tax positions that meet the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold are measured as the largest amount of tax benefit that is more than 50 percent likely of being realized upon settlement with the applicable taxing authority. The portion of the benefits associated with the tax positions taken that exceeds the amount measured as described above is reflected as a liability for unrecognized tax benefits in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets, along with any associated interest and penalties that would be payable to the taxing authorities upon examination. Cash and Cash Equivalents We consider investments with original maturities of three months or less that are readily convertible to cash to be cash equivalents. We have, from time to time, cash in the bank in excess of federally insured limits. Under our cash management system, checks issued but not yet presented to banks that would result in negative bank balances when presented are classified as a current liability in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets. Restricted Cash and Account Wagering Deposit Liabilities Restricted cash includes deposits collected from our TwinSpires' customers. Other amounts included in restricted cash represent amounts due to horsemen for purses, stakes and awards that are paid in accordance with the terms of our contractual agreements or statutory requirements. Allowance for Doubtful Accounts Receivable Upon our adoption of Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") of the Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses ("ASC 326") on January 1, 2020, we maintain an allowance for doubtful accounts for current expected credit losses on our financial assets measured at amortized cost which are primarily included in Accounts receivable, net in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Company evaluates current expected credit losses on a collective (pool) basis when similar risk characteristics exist. Write-offs are recognized when the Company concludes that all or a portion of a financial asset is no longer collectible. Any subsequent recovery is recognized when it occurs. Internal Use Software Internal use software costs for our TwinSpires' segment software are capitalized in Property and equipment, net in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets, in accordance with accounting guidance governing computer software developed or obtained for internal use. Once the software is placed in operation, we amortize the capitalized software over the software's estimated economic useful life, which is generally three years. We capitalized internal use software of approximately $11.2 million in 2022, $10.7 million in 2021, and $10.5 million in 2020. We incurred amortization expense of approximately $10.7 million in 2022, $10.3 million in 2021, and $9.4 million in 2020, for projects which had been placed in service. Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities We adhere to a hierarchy for ranking the quality and reliability of the information used to determine fair values. Assets and liabilities that are carried at fair value are classified and disclosed in one of the following three categories: Level 1: Unadjusted quoted market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities; Level 2: Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for similar assets or liabilities, unadjusted quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active, or inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability; and Level 3: Unobservable inputs for the asset or liability. We endeavor to utilize the best available information in measuring fair value. Financial assets and liabilities are classified based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. Investments in and Advances to Unconsolidated Affiliates We have investments in unconsolidated affiliates accounted for under the equity method. Under the equity method, carrying value is adjusted for our share of the investees' income and losses, amortization of certain basis differences as well as capital contributions to and distributions from these companies. We use the cumulative earnings approach to present distributions received from equity method investees. Distributions in excess of equity method income are recognized as a return of investment and recorded as investing cash inflows in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. We classify income and losses as well as gains and impairments related to our investments in unconsolidated affiliates as a component of Other income (expense) in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss). We evaluate our investments in unconsolidated affiliates for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of the investment may have experienced an "other-than-temporary" decline in value. If such conditions exist, we compare the estimated fair value of the investment to the investment's carrying value to determine if an impairment is indicated and determine whether the impairment is "other-than-temporary" based on an assessment of all relevant factors, including consideration of our intent and ability to retain our investment until the recovery of the unrealized loss. We estimate fair value using a discounted cash flow analysis based on estimated future results of the investee. Business Combinations We account for acquisitions of businesses in accordance with ASC 805, Business Combinations. We initially allocate the purchase price of an acquisition to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their estimated fair values, with any excess of consideration transferred recorded as goodwill. The results of operations of acquisitions are included in the consolidated financial statements from their respective dates of acquisition. Costs incurred to complete the business combination are not considered part of consideration and are expensed as incurred. Refer to Note 3, Acquisitions, for further information. Leases We determine if an arrangement is a lease at inception and categorize as either operating or finance based on the criteria of ASC 842. An arrangement contains a lease when the arrangement conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset over the lease term. Operating and finance leases are included in Property and equipment, net; Accrued expense and Other current liabilities; and Other liabilities in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets. We generally do not separate lease and non-lease components for our lease contracts. We do not apply the right-of-use assets ("ROUA") and leases liability recognition requirements to short-term leases. Lease liabilities are recognized based on the present value of the future minimum lease payments over the lease term at the commencement date. These leases do not provide an implicit rate, so therefore we use our incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at the commencement date in determining the present value of future lease payments. ROUAs are recognized at the lease commencement date at the value of the lease liability, adjusted for any lease payments made prior to commencement and exclude lease incentives and initial direct costs incurred. The lease terms include all non-cancelable periods and may include options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that we will exercise that option. Lease expense for minimum lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term for operating leases. Interest expense on the finance lease liabilities is recorded separately using the interest method. We do not have any material leases where we are the lessor. Debt Issuance Costs and Loan Origination Fees Debt issuance costs and loan origination fees associated with our term debt, revolver, and notes payable are amortized as interest expense over the term of each respective financial instrument. Debt issuance costs and loan origination fees associated with our term debt and notes payable are presented as a direct deduction from the carrying amount of the related liability. Debt issuance costs and loan origination fees associated with our revolver are presented as an asset. Casino and Pari-mutuel Taxes We recognize casino and pari-mutuel tax expense based on the statutory requirements of the federal, state, and local jurisdictions in which we conduct business. All of our casino taxes and the majority of our pari-mutuel taxes are gross receipts taxes levied on the gaming entity. We recognize these taxes as Live and Historical Racing, TwinSpires, Gaming, and All Other operating expenses in our Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss). In certain jurisdictions governing our pari-mutuel contracts with customers, there are specific pari-mutuel taxes that are assessed on winning wagers from our customers, which we collect and remit to the government. These taxes are presented on a net basis. Purse Expense We recognize purse expense based on the statutorily or contractually determined amount that is required to be paid out in the form of purses to the qualifying finishers of horse races run at our racetracks in the period in which wagering occurs. We incur a liability for all unpaid purses that will be paid out on a future live race event. Self-insurance Accruals We are self-insured up to certain limits for costs associated with general liability, workers’ compensation and certain employee health coverage costs, and we purchase insurance for claims that exceed our self-insurance retention or deductible levels. We record self-insurance reserves that include accruals of estimated settlements for known claims ("Case Reserves"), as well as accruals of third-party actuarial estimates for claims incurred but not yet reported ("IBNR"). Case Reserves represent estimated liabilities for unpaid losses, based on a claims administrator's estimates of future payments on individual reported claims, including allocated loss adjustment expense, which generally include claims settlement costs such as legal fees. IBNR includes the provision for unreported claims, changes in case reserves and future payments on reopened claims. Key variables and assumptions include, but are not limited to, loss development factors and trend factors such as changes in workers' compensation laws, medical care costs and wages. These loss development factors and trend factors are developed using our actual historical losses. It is possible that reasonable alternative selections would produce different reserve estimates. Advertising and Marketing We expense the costs of general advertising, marketing and associated promotional expenditures at the time the costs are incurred. We incurred advertising and marketing expense of approximately $52.9 million in 2022, $74.5 million in 2021, and $31.4 million in 2020 in our accompanying Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss). Stock-Based Compensation All stock-based payments to employees and directors, including grants of performance share units and restricted stock, are recognized as compensation expense over the service period based on the fair value on the date of grant. For awards that have a graded vesting schedule, we recognize expense on a straight-line basis for each separately vesting portion of the award. We recognize forfeitures of awards as incurred. Computation of Net Income per Common Share Net income per common share is presented for both basic earnings per common share ("Basic EPS") and diluted earnings per common share ("Diluted EPS"). Basic EPS is based upon the weighted average number of common shares outstanding, excluding unvested stock awards, during the period plus vested common stock equivalents that have not yet been converted to common shares. Diluted EPS is based upon the weighted average number of shares used to calculate Basic EPS and potentially dilutive common shares outstanding during the period. Potentially dilutive common shares result from applying the treasury stock method to unvested stock awards. Common Stock Share Repurchases From time-to-time, we repurchase shares of our common stock under share repurchase programs and privately negotiated transactions authorized by our Board of Directors. Share repurchases constitute authorized but unissued shares under the Kentucky laws under which we are incorporated. Our common stock has no par or stated value. We record the full value of share repurchases, upon the trade date, against common stock on our Consolidated Balance Sheets except when to do so would result in a negative balance in such common stock account. In such instances, we record the cost of any further share repurchases as a reduction to retained earnings. Due to the large number of shares of our common stock repurchased over the past several years, our common stock balance will frequently be zero at the end of any given reporting period. Refer to Note 10, Shareholders' Equity, for additional information on our share repurchases. Insurance Recoveries The Company maintains insurance policies that provide coverage for property damages and business interruption. Losses due to physical damages are recognized during the accounting period in which the loss occurs, while the amount of monetary assets to be received from the insurance policy is recognized when receipt of insurance recoveries is probable. Losses, which are reduced by the related probable insurance recoveries, are recorded as operating expenses on the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss). Anticipated proceeds in excess of recognized losses would be considered a gain contingency and recognized when the contingency related to the insurance claim has been resolved. Recent Accounting Pronouncements - Adopted on January 1, 2021 In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-12, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes, which simplifies the accounting for income taxes by removing certain exceptions to the general principles in ASC Topic 740, Income Taxes. The amendments also clarify and amend existing guidance to improve consistent application of and simplify GAAP for other areas of Topic 740. This ASU was effective for public business entities for fiscal years and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2020. The adoption of this ASU did not have a material impact on our business. Recent Accounting Pronouncements - effective in 2023 or thereafter In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting, which provides optional expedients and exceptions to applying the guidance on contract modifications, hedge accounting, and other transactions, and to simplify the accounting for transitioning from the London Interbank Offered Rate ("LIBOR") and other interbank offered rates to alternative reference rates. The guidance was effective upon issuance. In December 2022, the FASB deferred the date for which this guidance can be applied from December 31, 2022 to December 31, 2024. The use of LIBOR was phased out at the end of 2021, although the phase-out of U.S. dollar LIBOR for existing agreements has been delayed until June 2023. We continue to monitor developments related to the LIBOR transition and identification of an alternative, market-accepted rate.

We consolidate all subsidiaries in which we have a controlling financial interest and variable interest entities ("VIEs") for which we or one of our consolidated subsidiaries is the primary beneficiary. We consolidate a VIE when we have both the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the results of the VIE and the right to receive benefits or the obligation to absorb losses of the entity that could be potentially significant to the VIE.

Our financial statements have been prepared in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP"), which requires management to make estimates, judgments and assumptions that we believe are reasonable based on our historical experience, contract terms, observance of known trends in our Company and the industry as a whole and information available from other outside sources. Our estimates affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and related disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expense during the reporting period. Actual results may differ from those initial estimates.

Goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets are required to be tested annually or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that it is more likely than not that an asset is impaired. An entity may first assess qualitative factors to determine whether it is necessary to complete the impairment test using a more likely than not criteria. If an entity believes it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is greater than the reporting unit's carrying value, including goodwill, the quantitative impairment test can be bypassed. Alternatively, an entity has an unconditional option to bypass the qualitative assessment and proceed directly to performing the quantitative impairment test. If a quantitative impairment test of goodwill is required, we generally determine the fair value under the market and income valuation approaches using inputs primarily related to discounted projected cash flows and price multiples of publicly traded comparable companies. If a quantitative impairment test of our indefinite-lived intangible assets is required, we generally determine the fair value using the Greenfield Method for gaming rights and relief-from-royalty method of the income approach for trademarks. The Greenfield Method is an income approach methodology that calculates the present value based on a projected cash flow stream. Qualitative factors include macroeconomic conditions, industry and market conditions, cost factors and overall financial performance, among others. These factors require judgments and estimates, and application of alternative assumptions could produce significantly different results. Evaluations of possible impairment require us to estimate, among other factors, forecasts of future operating results, revenue growth, operating expense, tax rates, start-up costs, capital expenditures, depreciation, working capital, discount rates, long-term growth rates, risk premiums, royalty rates, terminal values and fair market values of our reporting units and assets. The estimated future revenue, operating expenses, start-up costs and discount rate are the primary inputs to the Greenfield Method. Changes in estimates or the application of alternative assumptions could produce significantly different results.

We perform our annual review for impairment of goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets on April 1 of each fiscal year, or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that it is more likely than not the relevant asset is impaired. Adverse industry or economic trends, lower projections of profitability, or a sustained decline in our market capitalization, among other items, may be indications of potential impairment issues, which are triggering events requiring the testing of an asset’s carrying value for recoverability. Goodwill is allocated and evaluated for impairment at the reporting unit level, which is defined as an operating segment or one level below an operating segment, referred to as a component. We are required to aggregate the components of an operating segment into one reporting unit if they have similar economic characteristics.

Our gaming rights and trademarks are considered indefinite-lived intangible assets that do not require amortization based on our future expectations to operate our gaming facilities and use the trademarks indefinitely and our historical experience in renewing these intangible assets at minimal cost with various state gaming commissions. The indefinite lived-intangible assets carrying value are tested annually, or more frequently, if indicators of impairment exist, by comparing the fair value of the recorded assets to the associated carrying amount. If the carrying amount of the gaming rights and trademark intangible assets exceed fair value, an impairment loss is recognized.

We review the carrying value of our property and equipment to be held and used in our operations whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of an asset may not be recoverable from estimated future undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the asset's use and eventual disposition. Adverse industry or economic trends, lower projections of profitability, or a significant adverse change in legal factors or in the business climate, among other items, may be indications of potential impairment issues. If the undiscounted cash flows exceed the carrying value, no impairment is indicated. If the undiscounted cash flows do not exceed the carrying value, an impairment is recorded based on the fair value of the asset.

We generate revenue from pari-mutuel wagering transactions with customers related to live races, simulcast races, and historical races as well as simulcast host fees earned from other wagering sites. Our racetracks that host live races also generate revenue through sponsorships, admissions (including luxury suites), personal seat licenses ("PSLs"), television rights, concessions, programs and parking. Concessions, programs, and parking revenue is recognized once the good or service is delivered.

Our live racetracks' revenue and income are influenced by our racing calendar. Similarly, TwinSpires Horse Racing revenue and income is influenced by racing calendars. Therefore, revenue and operating results for any interim quarter are not generally indicative of the revenue and operating results for the year and may not be comparable with results for the corresponding period of the previous year. We historically have had fewer live racing days during the first quarter of each year, and the majority of our live racing revenue occurs during the second quarter with the running of the Kentucky Oaks and Kentucky Derby.

For live races we present at our racetracks, we recognize revenue on wagers we accept from customers at our racetrack ("on-track revenue") and revenue we earn from exporting our live racing signals to other racetracks, off-track betting facilities ("OTBs"), and advance deposit wagering providers ("export revenue"). For simulcast races we display at our racetracks, OTBs, and TwinSpires' platforms, we recognize revenue we earn from providing a wagering service to our customers on these imported live races ("import revenue"). TwinSpires import revenue is generated through advance deposit wagering which consists of patrons wagering through an advance deposit account. Each wagering contract for on-track revenue, and import revenue contains a single performance obligation and our export revenue contracts contain a series of distinct services that form a single performance obligation. The transaction price for on-track revenue and import revenue is fixed based on the established commission rate we are entitled to retain. The transaction price for export revenue is variable based on the simulcast host fee we charge our customers for exporting our signal. We may provide cash incentives in conjunction with wagering transactions we accept from TwinSpires' customers. These cash incentives represent consideration payable to a customer and therefore are treated as a reduction of the transaction price for the wagering transaction. Our export revenue contracts generally have a duration of one year or less. These arrangements are licenses of intellectual property containing a usage-based royalty. As a result, we have elected to use the practical expedient to omit disclosure related to remaining performance obligations for our export revenue contracts. We recognize on-track revenue, export revenue, and import revenue once the live race event is made official by the relevant racing regulatory body.

rights contracts contain a distinct series of services that form single performance obligations. Sponsorship contracts generally include performance obligations related to admissions and advertising rights at our racetracks. Television rights contracts contain a performance obligation related to the rights to distribute certain live racing events on media platforms. The transaction prices for our admissions, PSLs, sponsorships, and television rights contracts are fixed. We allocate the transaction price to our sponsorship contract performance obligations based on the estimated relative standalone selling price of each distinct service.

The revenue we recognize for admissions to a live racing event day is recognized once the related event is complete. For admissions, PSLs, sponsorships, and television rights contracts that relate to multiple live racing event days, we recognize revenue over time using an output method of each completed live racing event day as our measure of progress. Each completed live racing event day corresponds with the transfer of the relevant service to a customer and therefore is considered a faithful depiction of our efforts to satisfy the promises in these contracts. This output method results in measuring the value transferred to date to the customer relative to the remaining services promised under the contracts. Certain premium live racing event days such as the Kentucky Derby and Oaks result in a higher value of revenue allocated relative to other live racing event days due to, among other things, the quality of thoroughbreds racing, higher levels of on-track attendance, national broadcast audience, local and national media coverage, and overall entertainment value of the event. While these performance obligations are satisfied over time, the timing of when this revenue is recognized is directly associated with the occurrence of our live racing events, which is when the majority of our revenues recognized at a point in time are also recognized.

Timing of revenue recognition may differ from the timing of invoicing to customers for our long-term contracts for racing event-related services. We generally invoice customers prior to delivery of services for our admissions, PSLs, sponsorships, and television rights contracts. We recognize a receivable and a contract liability at the time we have an unconditional right to receive payment. When cash is received in advance of delivering services under our contracts, we defer revenue and recognize it in accordance with our policies for that type of contract. In situations where the timing of revenue recognition differs from the timing of invoicing, we have determined our contracts do not include a significant financing component. The primary purpose of our invoicing terms is to allow our customers to secure the right to the specific services provided under our contracts, not to receive financing from our customers.

The majority of our HRM facilities and gaming properties offer loyalty programs that enable customers to earn loyalty points based on their play. HRM and gaming transactions involve two performance obligations for those customers earning loyalty points under the Company’s loyalty programs and a single performance obligation for customers who do not participate in the program. Loyalty points are primarily redeemable for free wagering activities and food and beverage. For purposes of allocating the transaction price in an HRM and gaming transaction between the wagering performance obligation and the obligation associated with the loyalty points earned, the Company allocates an amount to the loyalty point contract liability based on the stand-alone selling price of the points earned, which is determined by the value of a loyalty point that can be redeemed for wagering activities or food and beverage. For gaming transactions, an amount of the transaction price allocated to the gaming performance obligation using the residual approach as the stand-alone price for wagers is highly variable and no set established price exists for such wagers. For HRM transactions, the amount of the transaction price allocated to the HRM performance obligation is the commission rate we are entitled to retain. The loyalty point contract liability amount is deferred and recognized as revenue when the customer redeems the points for a wagering transaction or food and beverage, and such goods or services are delivered to the customer.

Adjustments to deferred taxes are determined based upon the changes in differences between the book basis and tax basis of our assets and liabilities and measured using enacted tax rates we estimate will be applicable when these differences are expected to reverse. Changes in current tax laws, enacted tax rates or the estimated level of taxable income or non-deductible expense could change the valuation of deferred tax assets and liabilities and affect the overall effective tax rate and tax provision.

When tax returns are filed, it is highly certain that some positions taken will be sustained upon examination by the taxing authorities, while others are subject to uncertainty about the merits of the position taken or the amount of the position that will be ultimately sustained. The benefit of a tax position is recognized in the financial statements in the period during which, based on all available evidence, management believes it is more likely than not that the position will be sustained upon examination, including the resolution of appeals or litigation processes, if any. Tax positions taken are not offset or aggregated with other positions. Tax positions that meet the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold are measured as the largest amount of tax benefit that is more than 50 percent likely of being realized upon settlement with the applicable taxing authority. The portion of the benefits associated with the tax positions taken that exceeds the amount measured as described above is reflected as a liability for unrecognized tax benefits in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets, along with any associated interest and penalties that would be payable to the taxing authorities upon examination.

Upon our adoption of Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") of the Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses ("ASC 326") on January 1, 2020, we maintain an allowance for doubtful accounts for current expected credit losses on our financial assets measured at amortized cost which are primarily included in Accounts receivable, net in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Company evaluates current expected credit losses on a collective (pool) basis when similar risk characteristics exist. Write-offs are recognized when the Company concludes that all or a portion of a financial asset is no longer collectible. Any subsequent recovery is recognized when it occurs.

Internal use software costs for our TwinSpires' segment software are capitalized in Property and equipment, net in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets, in accordance with accounting guidance governing computer software developed or obtained for internal use. Once the software is placed in operation, we amortize the capitalized software over the software's estimated economic useful life, which is generally three years. We capitalized internal use software of approximately $11.2 million in 2022, $10.7 million in 2021, and $10.5 million in 2020. We incurred amortization expense of approximately $10.7 million in 2022, $10.3 million in 2021, and $9.4 million in 2020, for projects which had been placed in service.

We adhere to a hierarchy for ranking the quality and reliability of the information used to determine fair values. Assets and liabilities that are carried at fair value are classified and disclosed in one of the following three categories: Level 1: Unadjusted quoted market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities; Level 2: Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for similar assets or liabilities, unadjusted quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active, or inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability; and Level 3: Unobservable inputs for the asset or liability. We endeavor to utilize the best available information in measuring fair value. Financial assets and liabilities are classified based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement.

We have investments in unconsolidated affiliates accounted for under the equity method. Under the equity method, carrying value is adjusted for our share of the investees' income and losses, amortization of certain basis differences as well as capital contributions to and distributions from these companies. We use the cumulative earnings approach to present distributions received from equity method investees. Distributions in excess of equity method income are recognized as a return of investment and recorded as investing cash inflows in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. We classify income and losses as well as gains and impairments related to our investments in unconsolidated affiliates as a component of Other income (expense) in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss).

We account for acquisitions of businesses in accordance with ASC 805, Business Combinations. We initially allocate the purchase price of an acquisition to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their estimated fair values, with any excess of consideration transferred recorded as goodwill. The results of operations of acquisitions are included in the consolidated financial statements from their respective dates of acquisition. Costs incurred to complete the business combination are not considered part of consideration and are expensed as incurred. Refer to Note 3, Acquisitions, for further information.

We determine if an arrangement is a lease at inception and categorize as either operating or finance based on the criteria of ASC 842. An arrangement contains a lease when the arrangement conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset over the lease term. Operating and finance leases are included in Property and equipment, net; Accrued expense and Other current liabilities; and Other liabilities in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets. We generally do not separate lease and non-lease components for our lease contracts. We do not apply the right-of-use assets ("ROUA") and leases liability recognition requirements to short-term leases.

Lease liabilities are recognized based on the present value of the future minimum lease payments over the lease term at the commencement date. These leases do not provide an implicit rate, so therefore we use our incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at the commencement date in determining the present value of future lease payments. ROUAs are recognized at the lease commencement date at the value of the lease liability, adjusted for any lease payments made prior to commencement and exclude lease incentives and initial direct costs incurred. The lease terms include all non-cancelable periods and may include options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that we will exercise that option. Lease expense for minimum lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term for operating leases. Interest expense on the finance lease liabilities is recorded separately using the interest method.

Debt issuance costs and loan origination fees associated with our term debt, revolver, and notes payable are amortized as interest expense over the term of each respective financial instrument. Debt issuance costs and loan origination fees associated with our term debt and notes payable are presented as a direct deduction from the carrying amount of the related liability. Debt issuance costs and loan origination fees associated with our revolver are presented as an asset.

We recognize casino and pari-mutuel tax expense based on the statutory requirements of the federal, state, and local jurisdictions in which we conduct business. All of our casino taxes and the majority of our pari-mutuel taxes are gross receipts taxes levied on the gaming entity. We recognize these taxes as Live and Historical Racing, TwinSpires, Gaming, and All Other operating expenses in our Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss). In certain jurisdictions governing our pari-mutuel contracts with customers, there are specific pari-mutuel taxes that are assessed on winning wagers from our customers, which we collect and remit to the government. These taxes are presented on a net basis.

We are self-insured up to certain limits for costs associated with general liability, workers’ compensation and certain employee health coverage costs, and we purchase insurance for claims that exceed our self-insurance retention or deductible levels. We record self-insurance reserves that include accruals of estimated settlements for known claims ("Case Reserves"), as well as accruals of third-party actuarial estimates for claims incurred but not yet reported ("IBNR"). Case Reserves represent estimated liabilities for unpaid losses, based on a claims administrator's estimates of future payments on individual reported claims, including allocated loss adjustment expense, which generally include claims settlement costs such as legal fees. IBNR includes the provision for unreported claims, changes in case reserves and future payments on reopened claims.

Net income per common share is presented for both basic earnings per common share ("Basic EPS") and diluted earnings per common share ("Diluted EPS"). Basic EPS is based upon the weighted average number of common shares outstanding, excluding unvested stock awards, during the period plus vested common stock equivalents that have not yet been converted to common shares. Diluted EPS is based upon the weighted average number of shares used to calculate Basic EPS and potentially dilutive common shares outstanding during the period. Potentially dilutive common shares result from applying the treasury stock method to unvested stock awards.

From time-to-time, we repurchase shares of our common stock under share repurchase programs and privately negotiated transactions authorized by our Board of Directors. Share repurchases constitute authorized but unissued shares under the Kentucky laws under which we are incorporated. Our common stock has no par or stated value. We record the full value of share repurchases, upon the trade date, against common stock on our Consolidated Balance Sheets except when to do so would result in a negative balance in such common stock account. In such instances, we record the cost of any further share repurchases as a reduction to retained earnings. Due to the large number of shares of our common stock repurchased over the past several years, our common stock balance will frequently be zero at the end of any given reporting period. Refer to Note 10, Shareholders' Equity, for additional information on our share repurchases.

The Company maintains insurance policies that provide coverage for property damages and business interruption. Losses due to physical damages are recognized during the accounting period in which the loss occurs, while the amount of monetary assets to be received from the insurance policy is recognized when receipt of insurance recoveries is probable. Losses, which are reduced by the related probable insurance recoveries, are recorded as operating expenses on the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss). Anticipated proceeds in excess of recognized losses would be considered a gain contingency and recognized when the contingency related to the insurance claim has been resolved.

In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-12, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes, which simplifies the accounting for income taxes by removing certain exceptions to the general principles in ASC Topic 740, Income Taxes. The amendments also clarify and amend existing guidance to improve consistent application of and simplify GAAP for other areas of Topic 740. This ASU was effective for public business entities for fiscal years and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2020. The adoption of this ASU did not have a material impact on our business.

In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting, which provides optional expedients and exceptions to applying the guidance on contract modifications, hedge accounting, and other transactions, and to simplify the accounting for transitioning from the London Interbank Offered Rate ("LIBOR") and other interbank offered rates to alternative reference rates. The guidance was effective upon issuance. In December 2022, the FASB deferred the date for which this guidance can be applied from December 31, 2022 to December 31, 2024. The use of LIBOR was phased out at the end of 2021, although the phase-out of U.S. dollar LIBOR for existing agreements has been delayed until June 2023. We continue to monitor developments related to the LIBOR transition and identification of an alternative, market-accepted rate.