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Fair Value Measurements

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2019

FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

The Company uses forward foreign exchange contracts to manage its exposure to the variability of cash flows, primarily related to the foreign exchange rate changes of future intercompany product and third-party purchases of materials denominated in a foreign currency. The Company uses cross currency interest rate swaps to manage currency risk primarily related to borrowings.

Both types of derivatives are designated as cash flow hedges.

Additionally, the Company uses interest rate swaps as an instrument to manage interest rate risk related to fixed rate borrowings. These derivatives are designated as fair value hedges. The Company uses cross currency interest rate swaps and forward foreign exchange contracts designated as net investment hedges. Additionally, the Company uses forward foreign exchange contracts to offset its exposure to certain foreign currency assets and liabilities. These forward foreign exchange contracts are not designated as hedges, and therefore, changes in the fair values of these derivatives are recognized in earnings, thereby offsetting the current earnings effect of the related foreign currency assets and liabilities.

The Company early adopted ASU 2017-12: Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedge Activities effective as of the beginning of fiscal second quarter of 2018.

The Company does not enter into derivative financial instruments for trading or speculative purposes, or that contain credit risk related contingent features. The Company maintains credit support agreements (CSA) with certain derivative counterparties establishing collateral thresholds based on respective credit ratings and netting agreements. As of June 30, 2019, the total amount of collateral paid under the credit support agreements (CSA) amounted to $384 million, net. On an ongoing basis, the Company monitors counter-party credit ratings. The Company considers credit non-performance risk to be low, because the Company primarily enters into agreements with commercial institutions that have at least an investment grade credit rating. Refer to the table on significant financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value contained in this footnote for receivables and payables with these commercial institutions. As of June 30, 2019, the Company had notional amounts outstanding for forward foreign exchange contracts, cross currency interest rate swaps and interest rate swaps of $49.7 billion, $15.3 billion and $0.5 billion, respectively. As of December 30, 2018, the Company had notional amounts outstanding for forward foreign exchange contracts, cross currency interest rate swaps and interest rate swaps of $41.1 billion, $7.3 billion and $0.5 billion, respectively.

All derivative instruments are recorded on the balance sheet at fair value. Changes in the fair value of derivatives are recorded each period in current earnings or other comprehensive income, depending on whether the derivative is designated as part of a hedge transaction, and if so, the type of hedge transaction.

The designation as a cash flow hedge is made at the entrance date of the derivative contract. At inception, all derivatives are expected to be highly effective. Foreign exchange contracts designated as cash flow hedges are accounted for under the forward method and all gains/losses associated with these contracts will be recognized in the income statement when the hedged item impacts earnings. Changes in the fair value of these derivatives are recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income until the underlying transaction affects earnings and are then reclassified to earnings in the same account as the hedged transaction. Gains and losses associated with interest rate swaps and changes in fair value of hedged debt attributable to changes in interest rates are recorded to interest expense in the period in which they occur. Gains and losses on net investment hedges are accounted for through the currency translation account within accumulated other comprehensive income. The portion excluded from effectiveness testing is recorded through interest (income) expense using the spot method. On an ongoing basis, the Company assesses whether each derivative continues to be highly effective in offsetting changes of hedged items. If and when a derivative is no longer expected to be highly effective, hedge accounting is discontinued.

The Company designated its Euro denominated notes issued in May 2016 with due dates ranging from 2022 to 2035 as a net investment hedge of the Company's investments in certain of its international subsidiaries that use the Euro as their functional currency in order to reduce the volatility caused by changes in exchange rates.

As of June 30, 2019, the balance of deferred net loss on derivatives included in accumulated other comprehensive income was $341 million after-tax. For additional information, see the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income and Note 7. The Company expects that substantially all of the amounts related to forward foreign exchange contracts will be reclassified into earnings over the next 12 months as a result of transactions that are expected to occur over that period. The maximum length of time over which the Company is hedging transaction exposure is 18 months, excluding interest rate contracts, net investment hedges and equity collar contracts. The amount ultimately realized in earnings may differ as foreign exchange rates change. Realized gains and losses are ultimately determined by actual exchange rates at maturity of the derivative.

The following table is a summary of the activity related to derivatives and hedges for the fiscal second quarters ended in 2019 and 2018:



	June 30, 2019										July 1, 2018
(Dollars in Millions)	Sales			Cost of Products Sold		R&D Expense	Interest (Income) Expense		Other (Income) Expense		Sales		Cost of Products Sold		R&D Expense		Interest (Income) Expense		Other (Income) Expense
The effects of fair value, net investment and cash flow hedging:
Gain (Loss) on fair value hedging relationship:
Interest rate swaps contracts:
Hedged items	$	—		—		—	1		—		—		—		—		5		—
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments	—			—		—	(1	)	—		—		—		—		(5	)	—

Gain (Loss) on net investment hedging relationship:
Cross currency interest rate swaps contracts:
Amount of gain or (loss) recognized in income on derivative amount excluded from effectiveness testing	—			—		—	39		—		—		—		—		2		—
Amount of gain or (loss) recognized in AOCI	—			—		—	39		—		—		—		—		2		—

Gain (Loss) on cash flow hedging relationship:
Forward foreign exchange contracts:
Amount of gain or (loss) reclassified from AOCI into income	(14		)	(101	)	36	—		2		17		76		(14	)	—		(10	)

Amount of gain or (loss) recognized in AOCI	—			(50	)	18	—		(3	)	(49	)	(57	)	21		—		3

Cross currency interest rate swaps contracts:
Amount of gain or (loss) reclassified from AOCI into income	—			—		—	64		—		—				—		32		—
Amount of gain or (loss) recognized in AOCI	$	—		—		—	82		—		—		—		—		19		—

The following table is a summary of the activity related to derivatives and hedges for the fiscal six months ended in 2019 and 2018:



	June 30, 2019										July 1, 2018
(Dollars in Millions)	Sales			Cost of Products Sold		R&D Expense		Interest (Income) Expense		Other (Income) Expense	Sales		Cost of Products Sold		R&D Expense		Interest (Income) Expense		Other (Income) Expense
The effects of fair value, net investment and cash flow hedging:
Gain (Loss) on fair value hedging relationship:
Interest rate swaps contracts:
Hedged items	$	—		—		—		1		—	—		—		—		10		—
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments	—			—		—		(1	)	—	—		—		—		(10	)	—

Gain (Loss) on net investment hedging relationship:
Cross currency interest rate swaps contracts:
Amount of gain or (loss) recognized in income on derivative amount excluded from effectiveness testing	—			—		—		78		—	—		—		—		2		—
Amount of gain or (loss) recognized in AOCI	—			—		—		78		—	—		—		—		2		—

Gain (Loss) on cash flow hedging relationship:
Forward foreign exchange contracts:
Amount of gain or (loss) reclassified from AOCI into income	(35		)	(136	)	(103	)	—		8	46		78		(252	)	—		(21	)

Amount of gain or (loss) recognized in AOCI	(6		)	(346	)	(92	)	—		10	(18	)	(54	)	(216	)	—		(15	)

Cross currency interest rate swaps contracts:
Amount of gain or (loss) reclassified from AOCI into income	—			—		—		118		—	—		—		—		72		—
Amount of gain or (loss) recognized in AOCI	$	—		—		—		140		—	—		—		—		76		—

As of June 30, 2019, and December 30, 2018, the following amounts were recorded on the Consolidated Balance Sheet related to cumulative basis adjustment for fair value hedges:



Line item in the Consolidated Balance Sheet in which the hedged item is included	Carrying Amount of the Hedged Liability			Cumulative Amount of Fair Value Hedging Adjustment Included in the Carrying Amount of the Hedged Liability
(Dollars in Millions)	June 30, 2019		December 30, 2018	June 30, 2019	December 30, 2018
Current Portion of Long-term Debt	$	498	494	1	5
Long-term Debt	—		—	—	—

The following table is the effect of derivatives not designated as hedging instrument for the fiscal second quarter and fiscal six months ended in 2019 and 2018:

Gain/(Loss)

Recognized In

Income on Derivative

Gain/(Loss)

Recognized In

Income on Derivative

(Dollars in Millions)

Location of Gain /(Loss) Recognized in Income on Derivative

Fiscal Second Quarter Ended

Fiscal Six Months Ended

Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments

June 30, 2019

July 1, 2018

June 30, 2019

July 1, 2018

Foreign Exchange Contracts

Other (income) expense

(50

)

(53

)

(88

)

(72

)

The following table is the effect of net investment hedges for the fiscal second quarters ended in 2019 and 2018



	Gain/(Loss) Recognized In Accumulated OCI				Location of Gain or (Loss) Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income Into Income	Gain/(Loss) Reclassified From Accumulated OCI Into Income
(Dollars in Millions)	June 30, 2019			July 1, 2018		June 30, 2019	July 1, 2018
Debt	$	(57	)	306	Other (income) expense	—	—
Cross Currency interest rate swaps	$	(57	)	37	Other (income) expense	—	—

The following table is the effect of net investment hedges for the fiscal six months ended in 2019 and 2018:



	Gain/(Loss) Recognized In Accumulated OCI			Location of Gain or (Loss) Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income Into Income	Gain/(Loss) Reclassified From Accumulated OCI Into Income
(Dollars in Millions)	June 30, 2019		July 1, 2018		June 30, 2019	July 1, 2018
Debt	$	14	156	Other (income) expense	—	—
Cross Currency interest rate swaps	$	313	37	Other (income) expense	—	—

The Company holds equity investments with readily determinable fair values and equity investments without readily determinable fair values. The Company has elected to measure equity investments that do not have readily determinable fair values at cost minus impairment, if any, plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for the identical or a similar investment of the same issuer.

The following table is a summary of the activity related to equity investments:



(Dollars in Millions)	December 30, 2018					June 30, 2019
	Carrying Value		Changes in Fair Value Reflected in Net Income ⁽¹⁾		Sales/ Purchases/Other ⁽²⁾	Carrying Value	Non Current Other Assets
Equity Investments with readily determinable value	$	511	292		160	963	963

Equity Investments without readily determinable value	$	681	(23	)	19	677	677

⁽¹⁾ Recorded in Other Income/Expense

⁽²⁾ Other includes impact of currency

For equity investments without readily determinable market values, $22 million of the decrease in the fair value reflected in net income were the result of impairments. There was a $1 million decrease in the fair value reflected in net income due to changes in observable prices.

Fair value is the exit price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability. Fair value is a market-based measurement determined using assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability. In accordance with ASC 820, a three-level hierarchy was established to prioritize the inputs used in measuring fair value. The levels within the hierarchy are described below with Level 1 inputs having the highest priority and Level 3 inputs having the lowest.

The fair value of a derivative financial instrument (i.e., forward foreign exchange contracts, interest rate contracts) is the aggregation by currency of all future cash flows discounted to its present value at the prevailing market interest rates and subsequently converted to the U.S. Dollar at the current spot foreign exchange rate. The Company does not believe that fair values of these derivative instruments materially differ from the amounts that could be realized upon settlement or maturity, or that the changes in fair value will have a material effect on the Company’s results of operations, cash flows or financial position. The Company also holds equity investments which are classified as Level 1 and debt securities which are classified as Level 2. The Company holds acquisition related contingent liabilities based upon certain regulatory and commercial events, which are classified as Level 3, whose values are determined using discounted cash flow methodologies or similar techniques for which the determination of fair value requires significant judgment or estimations.

The following three levels of inputs are used to measure fair value:

Level 1 — Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities.

Level 2 — Significant other observable inputs.

Level 3 — Significant unobservable inputs.

The Company’s significant financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value as of June 30, 2019 and December 30, 2018 were as follows:



	June 30, 2019					December 30, 2018
(Dollars in Millions)	Level 1		Level 2	Level 3	Total	Total⁽¹⁾
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments:
Assets:
Forward foreign exchange contracts	$	—	251	—	251	501
Interest rate contracts ⁽²⁾⁽⁴⁾	—		325	—	325	161
Total	—		576	—	576	662
Liabilities:
Forward foreign exchange contracts	—		481	—	481	548
Interest rate contracts ⁽³⁾⁽⁴⁾	—		394	—	394	292
Total	—		875	—	875	840
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments:
Assets:
Forward foreign exchange contracts	—		23	—	23	32
Liabilities:
Forward foreign exchange contracts	—		55	—	55	32
Other Investments:
Equity investments ⁽⁵⁾	963		—	—	963	511
Debt securities⁽⁶⁾	$	—	2,767	—	2,767	9,734
Other Liabilities
Contingent consideration ⁽⁷⁾				1,479	1,479	335



Gross to Net Derivative Reconciliation	June 30, 2019			December 30, 2018
(Dollars in Millions)
Total Gross Assets	$	599		694
Credit Support Agreement (CSA)	(437		)	(423	)
Total Net Asset	162			271

Total Gross Liabilities	930			872
Credit Support Agreement (CSA)	(821		)	(605	)
Total Net Liabilities	$	109		267


⁽¹⁾	December 30, 2018 assets and liabilities are all classified as Level 2 with the exception of equity investments of $511 million, which are classified as Level 1 and $335 million, classified as Level 3.


⁽²⁾	Includes $6 million of non-current other assets as of December 30, 2018.


⁽³⁾	Includes $1 million and $3 million of non-current other liabilities as of June 30, 2019 and December 30, 2018, respectively.


⁽⁴⁾	Includes cross currency interest rate swaps and interest rate swaps.


⁽⁵⁾	Classified as non-current other assets. The carrying amount of the equity investments were $963 million and $511 million as of June 30, 2019 and December 30, 2018, respectively.


⁽⁶⁾	Classified within cash equivalents and current marketable securities.


⁽⁷⁾	Includes $1,370 million (primarily related to Auris Health) and $335 million, classified as non-current other liabilities as of June 30, 2019 and December 30, 2018, respectively. Includes $109 million classified as current liabilities as of June 30, 2019

The Company's cash, cash equivalents and current marketable securities as of June 30, 2019 comprised:



(Dollars in Millions)	Carrying Amount		Unrecognized Gain	Estimated Fair Value	Cash & Cash Equivalents	Current Marketable Securities
Cash	$	2,615	—	2,615	2,615
Other sovereign securities⁽¹⁾	380		—	380	380
U.S. reverse repurchase agreements	7,014		—	7,014	7,014
Other reverse repurchase agreements	219		—	219	219
Corporate debt securities⁽¹⁾	264		—	264	264
Money market funds	1,368		—	1,368	1,368
Time deposits⁽¹⁾	651		—	651	651
Subtotal	12,511		—	12,511	12,511	—

			Unrealized Gain
Government securities	2,501		1	2,502	1,845	657
Other sovereign securities	—		—	—	—	—
Corporate debt securities	265		—	265	20	245
Subtotal available for sale debt⁽²⁾	$	2,766	1	2,767	1,865	902
Total cash, cash equivalents and current marketable securities	$	15,277	1	15,278	14,376	902

⁽¹⁾Held to maturity investments are reported at amortized cost and gains or losses are reported in earnings.

⁽²⁾Available for sale debt securities are reported at fair value with unrealized gains and losses reported net of taxes in other comprehensive income.

In the fiscal year ended December 30, 2018 the carrying amount was the same as the estimated fair value.

Fair value of government securities and obligations and corporate debt securities was estimated using quoted broker prices and significant other observable inputs.

The Company classifies all highly liquid investments with stated maturities of three months or less from date of purchase as cash equivalents and all highly liquid investments with stated maturities of greater than three months from the date of purchase as current marketable securities. Available for sale securities with stated maturities of greater than one year from the date of purchase are available for current operations and are classified as cash equivalents and current marketable securities.

The contractual maturities of the available for sale securities as of June 30, 2019 are as follows:



(Dollars in Millions)	Cost Basis		Fair Value
Due within one year	$	2,711	2,712
Due after one year through five years	55		55
Due after five years through ten years	—		—
Total debt securities	$	2,766	2,767

Financial Instruments not measured at Fair Value:

The following financial liabilities are held at carrying amount on the consolidated balance sheet as of June 30, 2019:



(Dollars in Millions)	Carrying Amount		Estimated Fair Value

Financial Liabilities

Current Debt	$	1,719	1,739

Non-Current Debt
3% Zero Coupon Convertible Subordinated Debentures due in 2020	52		99
1.950% Notes due 2020	499		498
2.95% Debentures due 2020	548		554
3.55% Notes due 2021	449		462
2.45% Notes due 2021	349		353
1.65% Notes due 2021	999		993
0.250% Notes due 2022 (1B Euro 1.1364)	1,134		1,150
2.25% Notes due 2022	997		1,004
6.73% Debentures due 2023	250		298
3.375% Notes due 2023	805		852
2.05% Notes due 2023	498		498
0.650% Notes due 2024 (750MM Euro 1.1364)	849		882
5.50% Notes due 2024 (500 MM GBP 1.2709)	631		770
2.625% Notes due 2025	748		762
2.45% Notes due 2026	1,992		2,024
2.95% Notes due 2027	996		1,032
2.90% Notes due 2028	1,493		1,541
1.150% Notes due 2028 (750MM Euro 1.1364)	845		916
6.95% Notes due 2029	297		414
4.95% Debentures due 2033	498		618
4.375% Notes due 2033	856		1,008
1.650% Notes due 2035 (1.5B Euro 1.1364)	1,688		1,910
3.55% Notes due 2036	988		1,049
5.95% Notes due 2037	992		1,377
3.625% Notes due 2037	1,487		1,592
3.40% Notes due 2038	990		1,032
5.85% Debentures due 2038	696		946
4.50% Debentures due 2040	538		635
4.85% Notes due 2041	297		364
4.50% Notes due 2043	495		594
3.70% Notes due 2046	1,973		2,144
3.75% Notes due 2047	991		1,089
3.50% Notes due 2048	742		778
Other	37		37
Total Non-Current Debt	$	27,699	30,275

The weighted average effective interest rate on non-current debt is 3.19%.

The excess of the estimated fair value over the carrying value of debt was $0.3 billion at December 30, 2018.

Fair value of the non-current debt was estimated using market prices, which were corroborated by quoted broker prices and significant other observable inputs.

- Definition

The entire disclosure for the fair value of financial instruments (as defined), including financial assets and financial liabilities (collectively, as defined), and the measurements of those instruments as well as disclosures related to the fair value of non-financial assets and liabilities. Such disclosures about the financial instruments, assets, and liabilities would include: (1) the fair value of the required items together with their carrying amounts (as appropriate); (2) for items for which it is not practicable to estimate fair value, disclosure would include: (a) information pertinent to estimating fair value (including, carrying amount, effective interest rate, and maturity, and (b) the reasons why it is not practicable to estimate fair value; (3) significant concentrations of credit risk including: (a) information about the activity, region, or economic characteristics identifying a concentration, (b) the maximum amount of loss the entity is exposed to based on the gross fair value of the related item, (c) policy for requiring collateral or other security and information as to accessing such collateral or security, and (d) the nature and brief description of such collateral or security; (4) quantitative information about market risks and how such risks are managed; (5) for items measured on both a recurring and nonrecurring basis information regarding the inputs used to develop the fair value measurement; and (6) for items presented in the financial statement for which fair value measurement is elected: (a) information necessary to understand the reasons for the election, (b) discussion of the effect of fair value changes on earnings, (c) a description of [similar groups] items for which the election is made and the relation thereof to the balance sheet, the aggregate carrying value of items included in the balance sheet that are not eligible for the election; (7) all other required (as defined) and desired information.

+ References + Details