UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 18-K/A
For Foreign Governments and Political Subdivisions Thereof
AMENDMENT No. 1
to
ANNUAL REPORT
of
REPUBLIC OF CHILE
(Name of Registrant)
Date of end of last fiscal year: December 31, 2018
SECURITIES REGISTERED*
(As of the close of the fiscal year)
| ||||
Title of Issue | Amount as to Which Registration is Effective |
Names of Which Registered | ||
N/A |
N/A | N/A | ||
| ||||
|
Name and address of person authorized to receive notices
and communications from the Securities and Exchange Commission:
Andrés de la Cruz
Cleary Gottlieb Steen & Hamilton LLP
One Liberty Plaza
New York, NY 10006
* | The Registrant is filing this annual report on a voluntary basis. |
This amendment to the Republic of Chiles (the Republic or Chile) Annual Report on Form 18-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018 (the Annual Report) comprises:
(a) | Pages numbered 1 to 5 consecutively. |
(b) | The following exhibit: |
Exhibit 99.E: Recent Developments.
This amendment to the Annual Report is filed subject to the Instructions for Form 18-K for Foreign Governments and Political Subdivisions thereof.
3
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant, the Republic of Chile, has duly caused this amendment to the Annual Report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the City of Santiago, Chile, on the 17th day of June, 2019.
REPUBLIC OF CHILE | ||
By: | /s/ Felipe Larraín Bascuñán | |
Felipe Larraín Bascuñán | ||
Minister of Finance | ||
Republic of Chile |
4
Exhibit 99.E
RECENT DEVELOPMENTS
The information contained in this section supplements the information about Chile corresponding to the headings below that is contained in Exhibit 99.D to Chiles annual report on Form 18-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018. To the extent the information in this section differs from the information contained in such annual report, you should rely on the information in this section. Capitalized terms not defined in this section have the meanings ascribed to them in the annual report.
REPUBLIC OF CHILE
Recent Political History
On June 13, 2019, President Piñera appointed four new ministers and reassigned two of his cabinet ministers to other ministries.
THE ECONOMY
Economic Performance Indicators
The following table sets forth certain macroeconomic performance indicators for the period indicated:
Current Account (millions of US$)(1) |
Real GDP Growth (in %)(2) |
Domestic Demand Growth (in %)(2) |
||||||||||
Three months ended March 31, 2019 |
(1,022.5 | ) | 1.6 | 2.8 |
(1) | Current account data for the period indicated. |
(2) | Compared to the same period in 2018. |
Source: Chilean Central Bank.
The following table sets forth changes in the Imacec, Mining Imacec and Non-mining Imacec (in each case, as defined below) for the periods indicated:
Imacec, Mining Imacec and Non-mining Imacec
(% change from same period in previous year)
Imacec | Mining Imacec | Non-mining Imacec |
||||||||||
2019 |
||||||||||||
January |
1.8 | (3.3 | ) | 2.4 | ||||||||
February |
1.1 | (6.9 | ) | 2.0 | ||||||||
March |
1.8 | (0.9 | ) | 2.1 |
Source: Chilean Central Bank.
Gross Domestic Product
For the three months ended March 31, 2019, real GDP increased by 1.6% compared to the same period in 2018, driven mainly by growth in domestic demand. During that period, aggregate domestic demand increased by 2.8%, gross fixed capital formation increased by 2.9%, total consumption increased by 2.9%, imports increased by 2.3%, while exports decreased by 1.8%, in each case compared to the same period in 2018.
E-1
The following tables present GDP and expenditures measured at current prices and in chained volume at previous period prices, each for the periods indicated:
Nominal GDP and Expenditures
(at current prices for period indicated, in billions of Chilean pesos)
Three months ended March 31, 2018 |
Three months ended March 31, 2019 |
|||||||
Nominal GDP |
47,206.2 | 49,387.8 | ||||||
Aggregate Domestic Demand |
45,925.2 | 48,606.8 | ||||||
Gross Fixed Capital Formation |
8,995.3 | 9,787.0 | ||||||
Change in Inventories |
1,781.8 | 1,869.7 | ||||||
Total Consumption |
35,148.1 | 36,950.1 | ||||||
Private Consumption |
28,829.5 | 30,162.7 | ||||||
Government Consumption |
6,318.6 | 6,787.4 | ||||||
Total Exports |
13,430.3 | 14,339.9 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Total Imports |
12,149.4 | 13,558.9 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Net Exports |
1,280.9 | 781.0 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
Source: Chilean Central Bank.
Real GDP and Expenditure
(chained volume at previous period prices, in billions of Chilean pesos)
Three months ended March 31, 2018 |
Three months ended March 31, 2019 |
|||||||
Real GDP |
37,627.5 | 38,227.3 | ||||||
Aggregate Domestic Demand |
37,257.8 | 38,308.6 | ||||||
Gross Fixed Capital Formation |
7,413.6 | 7,631.4 | ||||||
Total Consumption |
7,631.4 | 29,157.0 | ||||||
Private Consumption |
24,028.8 | 24,790.4 | ||||||
Government Consumption |
4,334.7 | 4,407.3 | ||||||
Total Exports |
11,630.4 | 11,426.6 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Total Imports |
11,310.7 | 11,573.6 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Net Exports |
319.6 | (147.0 | ) | |||||
|
|
|
|
Source: Chilean Central Bank.
Composition of Demand
For the three months ended March 31, 2019, consumption, as a percentage of GDP and measured at current prices, increased to 74.8% of GDP compared to 74.5% of GDP in the same period in 2018. Gross fixed capital formation increased to 19.8% of GDP in the three months ended March 31, 2019 compared to 19.1% of GDP in the same period in 2018. Exports measured at current prices increased to 29.0% of GDP in the three months ended March 31, 2019 compared to 28.5% of GDP in the same period in 2018 and imports measured at current prices accounted for 27.5% of GDP in the three months ended March 31, 2019 compared to 25.7% of GDP during the same period in 2018.
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The following table presents GDP by categories of aggregate demand for the periods indicated:
GDP by Aggregate Demand
(% of GDP, except as indicated)
Three months ended March 31, 2018 |
Three months ended March 31, 2019 |
|||||||
Nominal GDP (in billions of Chilean pesos) |
47,206.2 | 49,387.8 | ||||||
Domestic Absorption |
97.3 | 98.4 | ||||||
Total Consumption |
74.5 | 74.8 | ||||||
Private Consumption |
61.1 | 61.1 | ||||||
Government Consumption |
13.4 | 13.7 | ||||||
Change in inventories |
3.8 | 3.8 | ||||||
Gross Fixed Capital Formation |
19.1 | 19.8 | ||||||
Exports of goods and services |
28.5 | 29.0 | ||||||
Imports of goods and services |
25.7 | 27.5 |
Source: Chilean Central Bank.
Savings and Investment
For the three months ended March 31, 2019, total gross savings (or domestic gross investment) increased as a percentage of GDP.
The following table sets forth information for savings and investments for the periods indicated:
Savings and Investment
(% of GDP)
Three months ended March 31, 2018 |
Three months ended March 31, 2019 |
|||||||
National Savings |
22.4 | 22.2 | ||||||
External Savings |
0.4 | 1.4 | ||||||
Total Gross Savings or Domestic Gross Investment |
22.8 | 23.6 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
Source: Chilean Central Bank.
Principal Sectors of the Economy
For the three months ended March 31, 2019, the primary sector decreased by 2.8%, the manufacturing sector increased by 0.9% and the services sector increased by 3.0%, in each case, in real terms.
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The following table presents changes in real GDP by sector for the period indicated:
Change in Real GDP by Sector
(% change from same period in previous year, except as indicated)
Three months ended March 31, 2019 |
||||
Primary sector: |
(2.8 | ) | ||
Agriculture, livestock and forestry |
(1.2 | ) | ||
Fishing |
(3.1 | ) | ||
Mining |
(3.6 | ) | ||
Copper |
(2.7 | ) | ||
Other |
(12.6 | ) | ||
Manufacturing sector: |
0.9 | |||
Foodstuffs, beverages and tobacco |
0.2 | |||
Textiles, clothing and leather |
(8.8 | ) | ||
Wood products and furniture |
(2.3 | ) | ||
Paper and printing products |
0.7 | |||
Chemicals, petroleum, rubber and plastic products |
4.2 | |||
Non-metallic mineral products and base metal products |
(0.3 | ) | ||
Metal products, machinery and equipment and miscellaneous manufacturing |
2.6 | |||
Services sector: |
3.0 | |||
Electricity, oil and gas and water |
(0.6 | ) | ||
Construction |
2.8 | |||
Trade and catering |
2.4 | |||
Transport |
4.2 | |||
Communications |
2.6 | |||
Financial services |
5.8 | |||
Business services |
3.1 | |||
Housing |
3.2 | |||
Personal services |
3.3 | |||
Public administration |
1.8 | |||
|
|
|||
Subtotal |
1.8 | |||
Net adjustments for payments made by financial institutions, VAT and import tariffs |
2.6 | |||
Total GDP |
1.6 | |||
Real GDP (chained volume at previous year prices, in billions of Chilean pesos) |
38,227.3 | |||
|
|
Source: Chilean Central Bank.
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The following table presents the components of Chiles nominal GDP for the periods indicated:
Nominal GDP by Sector
(% of GDP, except as indicated)
Three months ended March 31, 2018 |
Three months ended March 31, 2019 |
|||||||
Primary sector: |
15.4 | 15.2 | ||||||
Agriculture, livestock and forestry |
5.5 | 5.1 | ||||||
Fishing |
0.6 | 0.6 | ||||||
Mining |
9.4 | 9.5 | ||||||
Copper |
8.7 | 8.8 | ||||||
Other |
0.7 | 0.7 | ||||||
Manufacturing sector: |
10.3 | 10.2 | ||||||
Foodstuffs, beverages and tobacco |
4.6 | 4.7 | ||||||
Textiles, clothing and leather |
0.2 | 0.1 | ||||||
Wood products and furniture |
0.5 | 0.5 | ||||||
Paper and printing products |
1.1 | 1.0 | ||||||
Chemicals, petroleum, rubber and plastic products |
2.0 | 1.9 | ||||||
Non-metallic mineral products and base metal products |
0.4 | 0.4 | ||||||
Metal products, machinery and equipment and miscellaneous manufacturing |
1.5 | 1.6 | ||||||
Services sector: |
66.2 | 66.5 | ||||||
Electricity, oil and gas and water |
3.0 | 2.8 | ||||||
Construction |
5.9 | 6.1 | ||||||
Trade and catering |
12.2 | 12.0 | ||||||
Transport |
4.8 | 5.0 | ||||||
Communications |
2.5 | 2.2 | ||||||
Financial services |
4.8 | 4.9 | ||||||
Business services |
9.4 | 9.6 | ||||||
Housing |
7.8 | 7.9 | ||||||
Personal services |
11.0 | 11.4 | ||||||
Public administration |
4.7 | 4.7 | ||||||
Subtotal |
91.9 | 91.9 | ||||||
Net adjustments for payments made by financial institutions, VAT and import tariffs |
8.1 | 8.1 | ||||||
Total GDP |
100.0 | 100.0 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Nominal GDP (in billions of Chilean pesos) |
47,206.2 | 49,387.8 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
Source: Chilean Central Bank.
Primary Sector
The Chilean economys primary sectors direct contribution to nominal GDP was 15.2% in the three months ended March 31, 2019, compared to 15.4% in the same period in 2018.
Agriculture, Livestock and Forestry
For the three months ended March 31, 2019, the agriculture, livestock and forestry sector accounted for 5.1% of nominal GDP, compared to 5.5% of nominal GDP during the same period in 2018.
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Mining
For the three months ended March 31, 2019, the mining sector accounted for 9.5% of nominal GDP, compared to 9.4% of nominal GDP during the same period in 2018. For the three months ended March 31, 2019, mining products accounted for 49.1% of Chiles total exports, totaling approximately US$9.1 billion compared to US$9.7 billion in the same period in 2018. The decrease in the three months ended March 31, 2019, when measured in dollars, reflects higher volumes exported (1,473.5 million metric tons in the three months ended March 31, 2019 compared to 1,358.9 million metric tons in the same period in 2018) which increases were not enough to offset lower prices (with an average price of US$2.82 per pound in the three months ended March 31, 2019 compared to an average price of US$3.16 per pound in same period in 2018).
Manufacturing Sector
For the three months ended March 31, 2019, the manufacturing sector accounted for 10.2% of nominal GDP, compared to 10.3% of nominal GDP for the same period in 2018.
The following table sets forth information regarding the output of manufacturing production for the periods indicated:
Output of Manufactured Products
(in billions of Chilean pesos and as a percentage of total)
Three months ended March 31, 2019 |
||||||||
(Ps.) | (%) | |||||||
Foodstuffs, beverages and tobacco |
2,322.5 | 46.0 | ||||||
Textiles, clothing and leather |
68.2 | 1.4 | ||||||
Wood products and furniture |
259.1 | 5.1 | ||||||
Paper and printing products |
504.3 | 10.0 | ||||||
Chemicals, petroleum, rubber and plastic products |
949.8 | 18.8 | ||||||
Non-metallic mineral products and base metal products |
173.0 | 3.4 | ||||||
Metal products, machinery and equipment and miscellaneous manufacturing |
771.8 | 15.3 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Total |
5,048.7 | 100.0 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
Source: Chilean Central Bank.
For the three months ended March 31, 2019, the manufacturing sector grew by 0.9% in real terms, compared to the same period in 2018, mainly as a result of growth in the oil refining sector.
For the three months ended March 31, 2019, exports of manufactured foodstuff products totaled US$2.6 billion, compared to US$2.5 billion the same period in 2018.
For the three months ended March 31, 2019, the chemicals, petroleum products, rubber and plastics industries exported approximately US$1.3 billion, reflecting no significant variation from the same period in 2018.
For the three months ended March 31, 2019, wine exports amounted to US$454.4 million, compared to US$476.3 million in the same period in 2018.
Services Sector
Electricity, Oil and Gas and Water
For the three months ended March 31, 2019, the electricity, oil and gas and water sector accounted for 2.8% of nominal GDP, compared to 3.0% for the same period in 2018.
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Construction
For the three months ended March 31, 2019, the construction sector accounted for 6.1% of nominal GDP, compared to 5.9% for the same period in 2018.
Trade and Catering
For the three months ended March 31, 2019, the trade and catering sector accounted for 12.0% of nominal GDP, compared to 12.2% for the same period in 2018.
Transport
For the three months ended March 31, 2019, the transport sector accounted for 5.0% of nominal GDP, compared to 4.8% for the same period in 2018.
Communications
For the three months ended March 31, 2019, the communications sector accounted for 2.2% of nominal GDP, compared to 2.5% for the same period in 2018.
Financial Services
For the three months ended March 31, 2019, the financial services sector accounted for 4.9% of nominal GDP, compared to 4.8% for the same period in 2018.
As of April 30, 2018, the latest available information, the market capitalization of the Latin American Integrated Market (Mercado Integrado Latinoamericano, or MILA) totaled US$991.4 billion.
Business Services
For the three months ended March 31, 2019, the business services sector accounted for 9.4% of nominal GDP, compared to 9.6% for the same period in 2018.
Housing
For the three months ended March 31, 2019, the housing sector accounted for 7.9% of nominal GDP, compared to 7.8% for the same period in 2018.
Personal Services
For the three months ended March 31, 2019, the personal services sector accounted for 11.4% of nominal GDP, compared to 11.0% for the same period in 2018.
Public Administration
For the three months ended March 31, 2019, the public administration sector accounted for 4.7% of nominal GDP, reflecting no significant variation from the same period in 2018.
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Employment and Labor
Employment
As of March 31, 2019, the rate of unemployment stood at 6.9%, reflecting no significant variation with respect to March 31, 2018.
The following table presents information on employment and the labor force in Chile for the periods indicated:
Employment and Labor
(in thousands of persons or percentages)
Three months ended March 31, 2019 |
||||
Nationwide: |
||||
Labor force |
9,099.5 | |||
Employment |
8,476.1 | |||
Participation rate (%) |
93.1 | |||
Unemployment rate (%) |
6.9 | |||
Santiago: |
||||
Labor force |
3,251.4 | |||
Employment |
3,004.0 | |||
Participation rate (%) |
92.4 | |||
Unemployment rate (%) |
7.6 |
Source: National Statistics Institute and University of Chile surveys.
For the three months ended March 31, 2019, the manufacturing sector employed 10.4% of Chiles labor force and accounted for 10.2% of GDP. For the same period, the agriculture, livestock, forestry and fishing sectors accounted for 5.7% of GDP and employed 9.8% of Chiles labor force. The mining sector accounted for 9.5% of GDP and employed only approximately 2.6% of Chiles labor force, due to the less labor-intensive nature of this sector.
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The following table presents information regarding the average percentage of the labor force working in each sector of the economy for the periods indicated:
Employment(1)
(% of total labor force employed)
Three months ended March 31, 2019 |
||||
Primary sector |
12.4 | |||
Agriculture, livestock and forestry and fishing |
9.8 | |||
Mining |
2.6 | |||
Manufacturing sector |
10.4 | |||
Services sector |
77.2 | |||
Electricity, gas and water |
1.0 | |||
Construction |
8.4 | |||
Trade and catering |
22.5 | |||
Transport and communications |
8.3 | |||
Financial services |
2.0 | |||
Community and social services(2) |
34.9 | |||
|
|
|||
Total |
100.0 | |||
|
|
(1) | Constitutes an average across each period indicated. |
(2) | Includes services related to housing, professional, technical and administrative support activities, public administration and defense, education and health, among others. |
Source: National Statistics Institute.
For the three months ended March 31, 2019, women accounted on average for 50.7% of the total nationwide labor force.
Wages
The following table sets forth average real wages and average change in productivity in the three months ended March 31, 2019, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2018.
Real Wages
(% change from period in 2019)
Three months ended March 31, 2019 |
||||
Average real wages |
2.3 | |||
Average change in productivity |
2.1 |
Sources: Chilean Central Bank and National Statistics Institute.
Environment
Green Bond Framework
On May 8, 2019, Chile approved its green bond framework (the Green Bond Framework), which contemplated that amounts equal to the net proceeds of government bonds issued under the Green Bond Framework may be allocated to finance or refinance eligible green expenditures in one of the following sectors: (i) clean transportation, (ii) energy efficiency, (iii) renewable energy, (iv) living natural resources, land use and marine protected areas, (v) efficient and climate-resilient management of water resources and (vi) green buildings. The Green Bond Framework has been developed to be aligned with best practices for green expenditures and has been favorably evaluated by Vigeo Eiris, an independent rating and research agency based in France, which has so
E-9
indicated in a report delivered to the Chilean government stating that the Green Bond Framework is aligned with the International Capital Market Associations Green Bond Principles (as adopted in June 2018). The Green Bond Principles have four core components regarding use of proceeds, project evaluation and selection process, management of proceeds, and reporting. Chiles Green Bond Framework sets out how projects are evaluated and selected and how Chile will manage and periodically report on those projects. The Ministry of Finance expects to publish an allocation report and an impact report on an annual basis on its publicly available website.
In addition, the portfolio of projects associated with possible bond issuances for 2019 has obtained the certification from the Climate Bond Initiative, a UK-based international non-profit organization with a mission to organize capital markets activity towards climate change solutions.
BALANCE OF PAYMENTS AND FOREIGN TRADE
Balance of Payments
Chiles balance of payments recorded a deficit of US$1,164 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019, compared to a deficit of US$1,143 million for the same period in 2018.
Current Account
Chiles current account recorded a deficit of US$1,023 million (1.4% of GDP) for the three months ended March 31, 2019, compared to a deficit of US$337 million (0.4% of GDP) for the same period in 2018.
The merchandise trade surplus decreased to US$2.2 billion for the three months ended March 31, 2019, from US$3.0 billion for the same period in 2018.
For the three months ended March 31, 2019, merchandise exports totaled US$18.6 billion compared to US$19.4 billion for the same period in 2018 and merchandise imports totaled US$16.5 billion, compared to US$16.4 billion for the same period in 2018.
Capital Account and Financial Account
Chiles capital account recorded a surplus of US$0.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019, compared to a surplus of US$40.5 million for the same period in 2018.
The financial account registered a surplus of US$1.5 million and a surplus of US$171.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2019, respectively, which represented 0.2% of GDP in 2018 and less than 0.1% of GDP in 2019.
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The following table sets forth Chiles balance of payments for the periods indicated:
Balance of Payments
(in millions of US$)
Three months ended March 31, 2018 |
Three months ended March 31, 2019 |
|||||||
Current account |
||||||||
Current account, net |
(336.6 | ) | (1,022.5 | ) | ||||
Goods and Services, net |
2,168.9 | 1,189.9 | ||||||
Merchandise Trade Balance |
2,951.2 | 2,179.7 | ||||||
Exports |
19,396.8 | 18,635.0 | ||||||
Imports |
16,445.6 | 16,455.3 | ||||||
Services |
(782.3 | ) | (989.8 | ) | ||||
Credits |
2,842.6 | 2,774.7 | ||||||
Debits |
3,624.9 | 3,764.5 | ||||||
Income, net |
(2,935.4 | ) | (2,613.3 | ) | ||||
Income from investment |
(2,812.3 | ) | (2,484.8 | ) | ||||
Income from direct investment(1) |
(2,862.0 | ) | (2,461.4 | ) | ||||
Abroad |
1,091.3 | 1,182.6 | ||||||
From abroad |
3,953.3 | 3,644.0 | ||||||
Income from portfolio investment |
154.6 | 155.3 | ||||||
Dividends |
578.5 | 612.7 | ||||||
Interest |
(423.9 | ) | (457.3 | ) | ||||
Income from other investment |
(104.9 | ) | (178.7 | ) | ||||
Credits |
196.3 | 212.0 | ||||||
Debits |
301.2 | 390.7 | ||||||
Current transfers, net |
429.9 | 400.8 | ||||||
Credits |
642.2 | 682.5 | ||||||
Debits |
(212.3 | ) | (281.7 | ) | ||||
Capital and financial accounts |
||||||||
Capital and financial accounts, net |
211.0 | 2.2 | ||||||
Capital account, net |
40.5 | 0.7 | ||||||
Financial account, net |
170.6 | 1.5 | ||||||
Direct investment, net |
(3,169.0 | ) | (299.7 | ) | ||||
Direct investment abroad |
2,601.3 | 2,132.4 | ||||||
Shares and other capital |
1,081.6 | 818.7 | ||||||
Earnings reinvested |
958.4 | 1,115.6 | ||||||
Debt instruments(2) |
561.3 | 198.1 | ||||||
Direct investment to Chile |
5,770.3 | 2,432.1 | ||||||
Shares and other capital |
2,050.9 | 1,358.8 | ||||||
Earnings reinvested |
2,306.2 | 1,266.0 | ||||||
Debt instruments(2) |
1,413.2 | (192.7 | ) | |||||
Portfolio investment, net |
5,673.5 | 2,297.1 | ||||||
Assets |
6,988.8 | 3,459.0 | ||||||
Liabilities |
1,315.3 | 1,161.9 | ||||||
Financial Derivatives, net |
5,673.5 | 2,297.1 | ||||||
Other Investment, net(3) |
(154.4 | ) | (67.9 | ) | ||||
Assets |
(1,009.2 | ) | (1,723.5 | ) | ||||
Commercial credits |
882.2 | (175.0 | ) | |||||
Loans |
(174.4 | ) | 300.0 | |||||
Currency and deposits |
(1,699.8 | ) | (1,848.6 | ) | ||||
Other assets |
(17.2 | ) | | |||||
Liabilities |
27.2 | (959.0 | ) | |||||
Commercial credits |
4.3 | (709.5 | ) | |||||
Loans(3) |
(20.2 | ) | (188.5 | ) | ||||
Currency and deposits |
42.9 | (61.1 | ) | |||||
Other liabilities |
0.1 | | ||||||
Assets in reserve, net |
(1,143.0 | ) | (1,163.6 | ) | ||||
Errors and omissions, net |
466.7 | (1,023.4 | ) | |||||
Financial account (excluding change in reserves) |
170.6 | 1.5 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Total balance of payments |
(1,143.0 | ) | (1,163.6 | ) | ||||
|
|
|
|
(1) | Includes interest. |
(2) | Includes trade credits, loans, currency and deposits. |
(3) | Short term net flows. |
Source: Chilean Central Bank.
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Merchandise Trade
The primary countries of origin of Chiles imports for the four months ended April 30, 2019 were China (from where 24.4% of total imports originated), the United States (18.2%), Brazil (8.2%), Argentina (5.0%), Germany (4.1%) and Mexico (3.4%). The primary destinations of Chiles exports for the four months ended April 30, 2019, were China (which received 30.2% of total exports), the United States (14.2%), Japan (10.6%), South Korea (7.3%) and Brazil (4.5%). During the four months ended April 30, 2019, the proportion of Chiles exports to Asia as a percentage of total exports increased from 52.6% to 55.0%, while the proportion of Chiles exports to North America decreased from 19.3% to 17.5%, as compared to the same period in 2018.
In the four months ended April 30, 2019, merchandise exports totaled US$24.5 billion and merchandise imports totaled US$21.7 billion. Intermediate goods, such as oil and others fossil fuels, accounted for 50.0% of total imports in the four months ended April 30, 2019 compared to 49.8% for the same period in 2018. Consumer goods imports amounted to 29.4% in the four months ended April 30, 2019 compared to 30.3% for the same period in 2018. Imports of capital goods accounted for 20.6% of total imports for that period compared to 19.8% for the same period in 2018.
E-12
The following tables set forth information regarding exports and imports for the periods indicated:
Geographical Distribution of Merchandise Trade
(% of total exports/imports)
Four months ended April 30, 2018 |
Four months ended April 30, 2019 |
|||||||
Exports (FOB) |
||||||||
Americas: |
||||||||
Argentina |
1.0 | 0.8 | ||||||
Brazil |
4.1 | 4.5 | ||||||
Mexico |
1.7 | 1.9 | ||||||
United States |
16.1 | 14.2 | ||||||
Other |
8.9 | 8.7 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Total Americas: |
31.8 | 30.1 | ||||||
Europe: |
||||||||
France |
1.3 | 1.3 | ||||||
Germany |
1.3 | 1.3 | ||||||
Italy |
1.0 | 0.9 | ||||||
United Kingdom |
1.0 | 1.0 | ||||||
EFTA |
2.6 | 2.6 | ||||||
Other |
7.0 | 5.9 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Total Europe: |
14.2 | 13.1 | ||||||
Asia: |
||||||||
Japan |
9.2 | 10.6 | ||||||
South Korea |
6.3 | 7.3 | ||||||
Taiwan |
1.7 | 2.1 | ||||||
China |
31.1 | 30.2 | ||||||
Other |
4.3 | 4.7 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Total Asia: |
52.6 | 55.0 | ||||||
Other:(1) |
1.4 | 1.8 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Total exports: |
100.0 | 100.0 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Imports (CIF) |
||||||||
Americas: |
||||||||
Argentina |
4.3 | 5.0 | ||||||
Brazil |
9.6 | 8.2 | ||||||
Mexico |
3.4 | 3.4 | ||||||
United States |
18.1 | 18.2 | ||||||
Other |
9.5 | 8.8 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Total Americas: |
44.9 | 43.5 | ||||||
Europe: |
||||||||
France |
2.1 | 2.0 | ||||||
Germany |
4.1 | 4.1 | ||||||
Italy |
1.7 | 1.8 | ||||||
United Kingdom |
0.8 | 0.9 | ||||||
EFTA |
2.9 | 3.2 | ||||||
Other |
4.7 | 5.0 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Total Europe: |
16.3 | 17.1 | ||||||
Asia: |
||||||||
Japan |
3.3 | 3.7 | ||||||
South Korea |
2.5 | 2.3 | ||||||
Taiwan |
0.4 | 0.4 | ||||||
China |
23.4 | 24.4 | ||||||
Other |
5.5 | 5.1 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Total Asia: |
35.2 | 35.8 | ||||||
Other:(1) |
3.6 | 3.7 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Total imports: |
100.0 | 100.0 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
(1) | Includes Africa, Oceania and other countries, including those in tax free zones. |
Source: Chilean Central Bank.
E-13
Services Trade
For the three months ended March 31, 2019, exported services decreased by 2.4% and imported services increased by 3.9%, compared to the same period in 2018.
MONETARY AND FINANCIAL SYSTEM
Inflation
As of May 31, 2019, the inflation rate stood at 2.3% (year-on-year). The monetary policy rate (Tasa de Política Monetaria, or TPM) remained stable at 3.0% throughout the five months ended May 31, 2019.
The following table shows changes in the CPI and the PPI for the periods indicated.
Inflation
(% change from same period in 2018)
CPI | PPI(1) | |||||||
Four months ended April 30, 2019 |
0.9 | 0.9 | ||||||
Five months ended May 31, 2019 |
1.5 | n.a. |
(1) | Manufacturing, mining and electricity, water and gas distribution industries. |
n.a. = not available.
Source: CPI, Chilean Central Bank. PPI, National Institute of Statistics
Exchange Rate Policy
During the five months ended May 31, 2019, the Chilean peso has fluctuated vis-à-vis the U.S. dollar , with the Chilean peso trading at Ps.707.9/US$1.00 on May 31, 2019, compared to Ps.695.7/US$1.00 on December 31, 2018.
The following table shows the high, low, average and period-end Chilean peso/U.S. dollar exchange rate for the five months ended May 31, 2019.
Observed Exchange Rates(1)
(Chilean pesos per US$)
High | Low | Average(2) | Period-End | |||||||||||||
Five months ended May 31, 2019 |
708.2 | 649.2 | 672.3 | 707.9 |
(1) | The table presents the high, low, average and period-end observed rates for the period. |
(2) | Represents the average of average monthly rates for the period indicated. |
Source: Chilean Central Bank.
International Reserves
Net international reserves of the Chilean Central Bank totaled approximately US$37.3 billion as of May 31, 2019.
E-14
The following table shows the composition of net international reserves of the Chilean Central Bank as of the dates indicated:
Net International Reserves of the Chilean Central Bank
(in millions of US$)
As of May 31, 2018 | As of May 31, 2019 | |||||||
Chilean Central Bank: |
||||||||
Assets: |
||||||||
Gold |
10 | 10 | ||||||
Special Drawing Rights (SDRs) |
765 | 748 | ||||||
Reserve position in the IMF |
247 | 382 | ||||||
Foreign exchange and bank deposits |
2,072 | 2,327 | ||||||
Securities |
34,187 | 35,332 | ||||||
Other assets(1) |
| | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Total |
37,281 | 38,799 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Liabilities: |
||||||||
Reciprocal Credit Agreements |
| | ||||||
Bonds and promissory notes |
441 | 268 | ||||||
Accounts with international organizations |
83 | 82 | ||||||
SDR allocations |
1,158 | 1,136 | ||||||
Total |
1,682 | 1,486 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Total international reserves, net |
35,599 | 37,314 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
(1) | Includes reciprocal credit agreements with the central banks member of Latin American Integration Association (ALADI)s Agreement of Reciprocal Payments and Credits. |
Source: Chilean Central Bank
Money Supply
The following tables set forth the monthly average monetary base and the average monetary aggregates as of the dates indicated:
Monetary Base(1)
(in billions of Chilean pesos)
As of April 30, 2018 | As of April 30, 2019 | |||||||
Currency in circulation |
6,263.4 | 6,499.8 | ||||||
Bank reserves |
4,554.9 | 4,997.4 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Monetary base |
10,818.2 | 11,497.2 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
(1) | There are no demand deposits at the Chilean Central Bank. |
Source: Chilean Central Bank.
E-15
Monetary Aggregates
(in billions of Chilean pesos)
As of April 30, 2019 | ||||
Currency in circulation |
6,499.8 | |||
Demand deposits at commercial banks |
29,500.3 | |||
|
|
|||
M1(1) |
36,000.1 | |||
Total time and savings deposits at banks |
100,130.2 | |||
Others |
2,967.7 | |||
|
|
|||
M2(2) |
139,098.0 | |||
Foreign currency deposits at Chilean Central Bank |
16,117.8 | |||
Documents of Chilean Central Bank |
7,089.2 | |||
Letters of Credit |
326.5 | |||
Private Bonds |
24,828.4 | |||
Others |
52,608.7 | |||
|
|
|||
M3(3) |
240,068.7 | |||
|
|
(1) | M1: Currency in circulation plus checking accounts net of float, demand deposits at commercial banks other than the former and other than demand savings deposits. |
(2) | M2: M1 plus time deposits, time savings deposits, shares of mutual funds invested in up to one-year term debt instruments and collections by saving and credit cooperatives (excluding time deposit of the mutual funds previously mentioned and of saving and credit cooperatives). |
(3) | M3: M2 plus deposits in foreign currency, documents issued by the Chilean Central Bank, Chilean treasury bonds, letters of credit, commercial papers, corporate bonds, shares of the other mutual funds and shares of pension funds in voluntary savings (excluding mutual funds and pension funds investments in M3 securities). |
Source: Chilean Central Bank.
The following table shows selected monetary indicators for the period indicated:
Selected Monetary Indicators
(in % change from same period in 2018)
Three months ended March 31, 2019 |
||||
M1 (% change) |
(0.6 | ) | ||
M2 (% change) |
(0.8 | ) | ||
Credit from the financial system (% change) |
(7.1 | ) | ||
Average annual Chilean peso deposit rate(1) |
0.7 |
(1) | Represents real interest rates for a period of 90 to 365 days. |
Source: Chilean Central Bank.
E-16
The following table shows liquidity and credit aggregates as of the dates indicated:
Liquidity and Credit Aggregates
(in billions of Chilean pesos)
As of March 31, | ||||||||
2018 | 2019 | |||||||
Liquidity aggregates (at period end) |
10,980 | 11,777 | ||||||
Monetary base: |
||||||||
Currency, excluding cash in vaults at banks |
6,312 | 6,524 | ||||||
M1(1) |
32,554 | 35,238 | ||||||
M2(2) |
126,449 | 136,513 | ||||||
M3(3) |
209,863 | 236,058 | ||||||
Credit aggregates (at period end): |
||||||||
Private sector credit |
146,894 | 160,831 | ||||||
Public sector credit |
2,861 | 2,485 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Total domestic credit(4) |
135,731 | 145,266 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Deposits(4): |
||||||||
Chilean peso deposits |
133,759 | 140,633 | ||||||
Foreign-currency deposits |
19,164 | 20,880 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Total deposits |
152,923 | 161,513 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
(1) | Currency in circulation plus Chilean peso-denominated demand deposits. |
(2) | M1 plus Chilean peso-denominated savings deposits. |
(3) | M2 plus deposits in foreign currency, principally U.S. dollars. Does not include government time deposits at Chilean Central Bank. |
(4) | Includes capital reserves and other net assets and liabilities. |
Source: Chilean Central Bank.
Financial Sector
General Overview of Banking System
The following tables provide certain statistical information on the financial system:
Chilean Financial System
(in millions of US$, except for percentages)
As of April 30, 2019 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Assets | Loans | Deposits | Shareholders Equity(1) |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Amount (in millions of US$) |
Market Share (%) |
Amount (in millions of US$) |
Market Share (%) |
Amount (in millions of US$) |
Market Share (%) |
Amount (in millions of US$) |
Market Share (%) |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||
Domestically owned private-sector banks |
307,783 | 84.0 | 231,486 | 86.2 | 167,908 | 81.9 | 26,889 | 89.4 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Foreign- owned
private-sector |
1,568 | 0.4 | 256 | 0.1 | 394 | 0.2 | 622 | 2.1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Private-sector total |
309,350 | 84.4 | 231,742 | 86.3 | 168,302 | 82.1 | 27,511 | 91.5 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Banco Estado |
57,094 | 15.6 | 36,849 | 13.7 | 36,702 | 17.9 | 2,567 | 8.5 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||
Total banks |
366,444 | 100.0 | 268,592 | 100.0 | 205,004 | 100.0 | 30,077 | 100.0 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
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|
|
|
|
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|
|
|
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|
E-17
As of April 30, 2018 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Assets | Loans | Deposits | Shareholders Equity(1) |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Amount (in millions of US$) |
Market Share (%) |
Amount (in millions of US$) |
Market Share (%) |
Amount (in millions of US$) |
Market Share (%) |
Amount (in millions of US$) |
Market Share (%) |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||
Domestically owned private-sector banks |
308,715 | 83.0 | 228,966 | 85.6 | 171,710 | 80.8 | 26,783 | 88.5 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Foreign- owned
private-sector |
1,592 | 0.4 | 336 | 0.1 | 353 | 0.2 | 753 | 2.5 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
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|
|||||||||||||||||
Private-sector total |
310,307 | 83.4 | 229,302 | 85.7 | 172,063 | 81.0 | 27,536 | 91.0 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Banco Estado |
61,595 | 16.6 | 38,222 | 14.3 | 40,472 | 19.0 | 2,736 | 9.0 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||
Total banks |
371,902 | 100.0 | 267,524 | 100.0 | 212,535 | 100.0 | 30,272 | 100.0 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
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|
|
|
(1) | Corresponds to the Capital Básico. This item included capital and reserves. |
(2) | Foreign-owned subsidiaries of foreign banks are classified as domestically owned private-sector banks. If classified as foreign-owned private-sector banks, the market share of foreign-owned private-sector banks as of April 30, 2018 would be as follows: assets: 36.6%, loans: 37.6%, deposits: 33.8% and shareholders equity: 42.7%, with the corresponding reduction in the market share of domestically owned private-sector banks, and as of April 30, 2019 such market share would be as follows: assets: 21.0%, loans: 21.3%, deposits: 19.1% and shareholders equity: 22.7%, with the corresponding reduction in the market share of domestically owned private-sector banks. |
Source: SBIF (as defined below).
The following tables set forth the total assets of the four largest Chilean private-sector banks, the state-owned Banco Estado and other banks in the aggregate for the periods indicated:
As of April 30, 2019 | ||||||||
in billions of Chilean Pesos | Market Share (%) | |||||||
Banco de Crédito e Inversiones |
41.9 | 16.9 | ||||||
Banco Santander-Chile |
41.1 | 16.6 | ||||||
Banco Estado |
38.7 | 15.6 | ||||||
Banco de Chile |
36.4 | 14.6 | ||||||
Itaú Corpbanca |
29.7 | 12.0 | ||||||
Other banks |
60.5 | 24.4 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Total Banking System |
248.3 | 100.0 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
Source: SBIF.
As of April 30, 2018 | ||||||||
in billions of Chilean Pesos | Market Share (%) | |||||||
Banco Santander-Chile |
36.9 | 16.4 | ||||||
Banco Estado |
37.3 | 16.6 | ||||||
Banco de Chile |
33.9 | 15.1 | ||||||
Banco de Crédito e Inversiones |
35.0 | 15.5 | ||||||
Itaú Corpbanca |
28.9 | 12.8 | ||||||
Other banks |
53.3 | 23.7 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Total Banking System |
225.3 | 100.0 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
Source: SBIF.
E-18
The following table sets forth information on bank operation efficiency indicators for the periods indicated:
Financial System Indicators
(%)
Four months ended April 30, | ||||||||
2018 | 2019 | |||||||
Return on assets |
0.4 | 0.4 | ||||||
Return on equity |
4.5 | 4.2 | ||||||
Non-performing loans as a percentage of total loans |
0.9 | 0.9 | ||||||
Gross operational margin/assets |
1.5 | 1.5 | ||||||
Operating expenses/operating revenue |
48.2 | 46.4 | ||||||
Operating expenses/average total assets |
0.7 | 0.7 | ||||||
Regulatory capital to risk-weighted assets(1) |
13.6 | 13.3 |
(1) | Data for the three month period ended March 31, 2018 and 2019. |
Source: SBIF.
Stock Exchanges
The table below summarizes the value of the main indexes of the Santiago Stock Exchange as of June 10, 2019:
Indicators for the Santiago Stock Exchange
IGPA(1) | IPSA(2) | |||||||
As of June 10, 2019 |
25,531.97 | 5,018.99 |
(1) | The General Stock Price Index (Índice General de Precios de Acciones, or S&P/CLX IGPA) is an index designed to serve as a broad benchmark for the Chilean equities market. The index seeks to measure the performance of Chile-domiciled stocks listed on the Santiago Stock Exchange that have a relevant bursatility presence. Pension funds are not covered by the index. |
(2) | The Selective Stock Price Index (Índice de Precios Selectivo de Acciones, or S&P/CLX IPSA) is an index designed to measure the performance of the largest and most liquid stocks listed on the Santiago Stock Exchange. |
Source: Santiago Stock Exchange.
Institutional Investors
The following table sets forth the amount of assets of the various types of institutional investors in Chile as of the indicated dates:
Total Assets of Institutional Investors (in billions of US$)
As of March 31, |
Pension Funds (AFPs) |
Insurance Companies |
Mutual Funds |
Investment Funds(1) |
Foreign Capital Investment Funds |
Total | ||||||||||||||||||
2018 |
213.2 | 56.7 | 60.5 | n.a. | n.a. | 330.4 | ||||||||||||||||||
2019 |
205.8 | 54.8 | 52.5 | n.a. | n.a. | 313.1 |
(1) | Includes international investment funds. |
n.a. = not available.
Source: CMF (as defined below), Superintendency of Pensions.
Pension Funds and the Chilean Pension System
As of March 31, 2019, the pension funds held aggregate financial assets totaling approximately US$205.8 billion.
E-19
PUBLIC SECTOR FINANCES
Fiscal Responsibility Law
Pension Reserve Fund
The table below sets forth the total contribution to, and total withdrawals from, the Pension Reserve Fund (FRP) for the four months ended April 30, 2019, as well as the total assets of the FRP at such date:
Contribution (in millions of US$) |
Withdrawals (in millions of US$) |
Total Assets at April 30, 2019 (in millions of US$) |
||||||||||
Four months ended April 30, 2019 |
| | 10,179.5 |
Economic and Social Stabilization Fund
The table below sets forth the total contribution to, and total withdrawals from, the Economic and Social Stabilization Fund (FEES) as of April 30, 2019, as well as the total assets of the FEES at such date:
Contribution (in millions of US$) |
Withdrawals (in millions of US$) |
Total Assets at April 30, 2019 (in millions of US$) |
||||||||||
Four months ended April 30, 2019 |
| | 14,294.9 |
E-20
Budget Law and Political Initiatives
The following table sets forth a summary of public sector accounts during the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2019 (calculated on an accrual basis and as a percentage of GDP for the periods indicated):
Public Sector Finances
(in billions of US$ and percentage of total GDP)
Three months ended March 31, 2018 | Three months ended March 31, 2019 | |||||||||||||||
(US$) | (%) | (US$) | (%) | |||||||||||||
Current Revenues and Expenditures |
||||||||||||||||
Revenues |
17.0 | 21.7 | 15.9 | 21.4 | ||||||||||||
Net taxes(1) |
13.7 | 17.5 | 13.1 | 17.7 | ||||||||||||
Copper revenues(2) |
0.7 | 0.9 | 0.2 | 0.3 | ||||||||||||
Social Security contributions |
1.2 | 1.5 | 1.1 | 1.5 | ||||||||||||
Donations |
0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | ||||||||||||
Real property incomes |
0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.5 | ||||||||||||
Operational revenues |
0.4 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.5 | ||||||||||||
Other revenues |
0.7 | 0.9 | 0.6 | 0.9 | ||||||||||||
Expenditures |
15.1 | 19.2 | 14.4 | 19.5 | ||||||||||||
Wages and salaries |
3.8 | 4.9 | 3.6 | 4.9 | ||||||||||||
Goods and services |
1.2 | 1.5 | 1.2 | 1.6 | ||||||||||||
Interest on public debt |
1.2 | 1.5 | 1.2 | 1.6 | ||||||||||||
Transfer payments |
5.7 | 7.3 | 5.5 | 7.4 | ||||||||||||
Transfers to social security |
3.1 | 4.0 | 2.9 | 3.9 | ||||||||||||
Others |
| | | | ||||||||||||
Capital Revenues and Expenditures |
||||||||||||||||
Revenues |
2.3 | 2.9 | 2.1 | 2.8 | ||||||||||||
Asset sales |
| | | | ||||||||||||
Expenditures |
||||||||||||||||
Investment |
1.0 | 1.2 | 1.1 | 1.4 | ||||||||||||
Capital transfers |
1.3 | 1.7 | 1.1 | 1.4 | ||||||||||||
|
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|
|
|
|
|||||||||
Central government balance |
(0.3 | ) | (0.4 | ) | (0.6 | ) | (0.9 | ) | ||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1) | Taxes collected net of refunds. |
(2) | Excludes transfers from Codelco under Law No. 13,196. This law (Ley Reservada del Cobre), which is not publicly disclosed, earmarks 10% of Codelcos revenues from the export of copper and related byproducts for defense spending and these funds are therefore excluded from the central governments current revenues. Defense spending is considered an extra-budgetary expense in accordance with IMF accounting guidelines. |
Source: Chilean Budget Office.
Government Revenue
Taxation
Net tax revenues accounted for 17.7% of GDP for the three months ended March 31, 2019, compared to 17.5% of GDP for the same period in 2018.
E-21