10-Q

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended December 31, 2023

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from                  to

Commission File No. 001-41866

RICHTECH ROBOTICS INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Nevada	88-2870106
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

4175 Cameron St Ste 1

Las Vegas, NV 89103

(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)

(866) 236-3835

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

N/A

(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of Each Class:	Trading Symbol(s):	Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered:
Class B Common Stock, par value $0.00001 per share	RR	The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐ 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

☐  Large accelerated filer	☐  Accelerated filer
☒  Non-accelerated filer	☒  Smaller reporting company
	☒  Emerging growth company

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act): Yes ☐ No ☒

As of February 14, 2024, there were 21,288,410 shares of the Company’s Class B common stock issued and outstanding.

RICHTECH ROBOTICS INC.

Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q

Table of Contents 

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION		1
Item 1.	Financial Statements	1
	Unaudited Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2023 and September 30, 2023	1
	Unaudited Statements of Operations for the three months ended December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022	2
	Unaudited Statements of Stockholders’ Equity for the three months ended December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022	3
	Unaudited Statements of Cash Flows for the three months ended December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022	4
	Notes to Financial Statements	5
Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	13
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	19
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	19
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION		21
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	21
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	21
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	21
Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	21
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	21
Item 5.	Other Information	21
Item 6.	Exhibits	21
SIGNATURES		22

i

CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (this “Report”) contains “forward-looking statements” (as defined in Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”)) that reflect our current expectations and views of future events. The forward-looking statements are contained principally in the section of this Report entitled “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.” Readers are cautioned that significant known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other important factors (including those over which we may have no control and others listed in this Report and in the “Risk Factors” section of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2023 (“2023 Annual Report”), as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) on January 11, 2024) may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from those expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements. You can identify some of these forward-looking statements by words or phrases such as “may,” “will,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “aim,” “estimate,” “intend,” “plan,” “believe,” “is/are likely to,” “potential,” “continue” or other similar expressions. We have based these forward-looking statements largely on our current expectations and projections about future events that we believe may affect our financial condition, results of operations, business strategy and financial needs.

Our operations and business prospects are always subject to risks and uncertainties including, among others:

● Our ability to secure raw materials and components to manufacture sufficient quantities of robots to match demand;

● Our ability to secure enterprise clients and deals in the face of growing competition;

● Assumptions around the speed of robotic adoption in service environments;

● Assumptions relating to the size of the market for our products and services;

● Unanticipated regulations of robots and automation that add barriers to adoption and have a negative effect on our business;

● Our ability to obtain and maintain intellectual property protection for our products; and

● Our estimates of expenses, future revenue, capital requirements and our needs for, or ability to obtain, additional financing.

These forward-looking statements involve numerous and significant risks and uncertainties. Although we believe that our expectations expressed in these forward-looking statements are reasonable, our expectations may later be found to be incorrect. Our actual results of operations or the results of other matters that we anticipate herein could be materially different from our expectations. Important risks and factors that could cause our actual results to be materially different from our expectations are generally set forth in the “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operation” section contain in this Report and in the “Risk Factors” and other sections of the 2023 Annual Report. You should thoroughly read this Report and the documents that we refer to with the understanding that our actual future results may be materially different from, and worse than, what we expect. We qualify all of our forward-looking statements by these cautionary statements.

The forward-looking statements made in this Report relate only to events or information as of the date of this Report. Except as required by law, we undertake no obligation to update or revise publicly any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, after the date on which the statements are made or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events. You should read this Report completely and with the understanding that our actual future results may be materially different from what we expect.

ii

PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1. Financial Statements

RICHTECH ROBOTICS INC.
UNAUDITED BALANCE SHEETS

(In thousands, except share and per share data)

	December 31,			September 30,
	2023			2023
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	7,535		$	433
Accounts receivable, (net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $165 and $333 as of December 31, 2023 and September 30, 2023, respectively)		3,144			5,576
Amount due from related parties, current		163			134
Inventory		654			822
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		7			17
Total current assets		11,503			6,982
Property and equipment, net		24			28
Deferred tax assets, net		518			518
Operating lease right-of-use-assets		256			315
Other assets, non-current		10			10
Total assets	$	12,311		$	7,853
LIABILITIES, PREFERRED STOCK AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	60		$	1,126
Amount due to related parties, current		85			238
Accrued expenses		59			59
Short-term loan		50			845
Tax Payable		454			461
Operating lease liabilities, current		130			161
Total current liabilities		838			2,890
Operating lease liabilities, non-current		126			154
Total liabilities		964			3,044
Commitments and contingencies (Note 7)
Stockholders’ equity:
Class A Common stock, $0.00001 par, 47,400,000 shares authorized as of December 31, 2023 and September 30, 2023, 44,353,846 shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2023 and September 30, 2023, respectively.	$	—		$	—
Class B Common stock, $0.00001 par, 60,600,000 shares authorized as of December 31, 2023 and September 30, 2023, 19,955,563 and 17,813,000 shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2023 and September 30, 2023, respectively.		—			—
Additional paid-in capital		13,894			4,608
Retained earnings		(2,547	)		201
Total stockholders’ equity		11,347			4,809
Total liabilities, preferred stock and stockholders’ equity	$	12,311		$	7,853

See accompanying Notes to Financial Statements.

1

RICHTECH ROBOTICS INC.
UNAUDITED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(In thousands, except share and per share data)

	Three Months Ended December 31,
	2023			2022
Revenue, net	$	1,106		$	946
Cost of revenue, net		496			446
Gross profit		610			500
Operating expenses:
Research and development		834			855
Sales and marketing		595			79
General and administrative		1,443			767
Total operating expenses		2,872			1,701
Gain/(Loss) from operations		(2,262	)		(1,201	)
Other income (expense):
Interest expense, net		(486	)		(1	)
Total other expense		(486	)		(1	)
Loss before income tax expense		(2,748	)		(1,202	)
Income tax benefit/(expense)		—			—
Net loss		(2,748	)		(1,202	)
Net loss attributable to common stockholders	$	(2,748	)	$	(1,202	)
Basic and diluted net loss per share of common stock	$	(0.04	)	$	(0.02	)
Weighted average shares used to compute basic and diluted net loss per share		64,309,409			62,000,846

See accompanying Notes to Financial Statements.

2

RICHTECH ROBOTICS INC.
UNAUDITED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY  
(In thousands except share data)

	Common stock*									Additional			Retained earnings			Total
	Class A					Class B				paid-in			(Accumulated			Shareholders’
	Shares			Amount		Shares		Amount		capital			deficit)			equity
Balances, September 30, 2022		39,400,000		$			600,000	$	-	$	2,378		$	540		$	2,918
Common stock issued for cash		-			-		9,231,000		-		1,400			-			1,400
Common stock issued for services*		6,153,846			-		6,616,000		-		759			-			759
Provision for Future Service issue for common stock		-			-		-		-		(759	)		-			(759	)
Conversion to Class B Common stock**		(1,200,000	)		-		1,200,000		-		-			-			-
Net loss		-			-		-		-		-			(1,202	)		(1,202	)
Balances, December 31, 2022		44,353,846		$	-		17,647,000	$	-	$	3,778		$	(662	)	$	3,116

	Common stock								Additional			Retained earnings			Total
	Class A				Class B				paid-in			(Accumulated			Shareholders’
	Shares		Amount		Shares		Amount		capital			deficit)			equity
Balances, September 30, 2023		44,353,846	$	-		17,813,000	$	-	$	4,608		$	201		$	4,809
Initial public offering related expenses		-		-		-		-		(1,426	)		-			(1,426	)
Common stock Issuance for initial public offering		-		-		2,142,563		-		10,713			-			10,713
Net loss		-		-		-		-		-			(2,748	)		(2,748	)
Balances, December 31, 2023		44,353,846	$	-		19,955,563	$	-	$	13,894		$	(2,547	)	$	11,347

* Par value per share and the number of shares has been retrospectively restated for the related period in connection with our 4-for-1 forward stock split and concurrent re-designation of our common stock into Class A and Class B common stock in October 2022.

See accompanying Notes to Financial Statements.

3

RICHTECH ROBOTICS INC.
UNAUDITED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(In thousands)

	Three Months Ended December 31,
	2023			2022
Cash Flows From Operating Activities
Net loss	$	(2,748	)	$	(1,202	)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Accounts receivable		2,432			(284	)
Inventory		167			477
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		10			17
Right-of-use asset		59			15
Accounts payable		(1,066	)		(127	)
Tax payable		(7	)		(113	)
Accrued expenses		—			(5	)
Operating lease liabilities, current		(31	)		(108	)
Operating lease liabilities, non-current		(28	)		93
Net cash used in operating activities		(1,212	)		(1,237	)
Cash Flows From Investing Activities
Sale of property and equipment		3			3
Cash used for lending to related parties		(28	)		—
Net cash used in investing activities		(25	)		(21	)
Cash Flows From Financing Activities
Proceeds from the issuance of related party debt		—			89
Payment of related party debt		(152	)		—
Payment of short-term loans		(795	)		—
Proceeds from issuance of ordinary shares		—			1,400
Proceeds from stockholder capital injection		9,286			—
Net cash provided by financing activities		8,339			1,489
Net change in cash and cash equivalents		7,102			231
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of the period		433			327
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of the period	$	7,535		$	558

See accompanying Notes to Financial Statements.

4

NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE THREE MONTHS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2023 AND 2022
(Dollars in thousands, unless otherwise stated)

NOTE 1: Nature of Business

Description of Business

Richtech Robotics Inc. (“we”, “us”, “our”, the “Company”, or “Richtech”), is a Nevada C-Corporation registered in Nevada. Richtech was converted from Richtech Creative Displays, LLC on June 22, 2022, which is the predecessor of Richtech and established on July 19, 2016 in Nevada.

We are a pioneer in service robotic solutions, developing and deploying cutting-edge technology that directly tackles the critical labor shortage plaguing the US service industry. Our diverse suite of solutions, encompassing delivery, commercial cleaning, food & beverage service, and custom development, has been transforming operations in over 80 cities across the United States. From bustling restaurants and hotels to dynamic casinos, senior living facilities, factories, and retail centers, our robots are automating repetitive, time-consuming tasks, allowing businesses to reallocate valuable human capital to higher-level roles. Many of our clients consider our solutions essential for their expansion and growth. We are committed to being a long-term partner, continuously innovating and providing a comprehensive range of solutions that remedy specific challenges and propel our clients’ success. 

Risk and Uncertainties

The Company’s performance is inherently tied to global business and economic conditions, including interest rates, inflation, capital markets, and overall economic health. These factors, outside of our direct control, can fluctuate significantly and potentially impact our financial results. Adverse changes in these conditions could have a material adverse effect on our business. In addition, we operate in a highly competitive industry with numerous established players boasting extensive resources and well-developed marketing and sales operations. Our ability to compete effectively and gain market share is not guaranteed, and we may struggle against these larger competitors. Our industry is characterized by rapid changes in technology and market demands. As a result, the Company’s products, services, or expertise may become obsolete or unmarketable. Our continued success hinges on our ability to adapt to these technological changes, anticipate evolving market demands, and continuously improve our current technology under development. 

Emerging Growth Company Status

We are an emerging growth company, as defined in the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012 (the “JOBS Act”). Under the JOBS Act, emerging growth companies can delay adopting new or revised accounting standards issued subsequent to the enactment of the JOBS Act, until such time as those standards apply to private companies.

We have elected to use this extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards that have different effective dates for public and private companies until the earlier of the date that we are (1) no longer an emerging growth company or (2) affirmatively and irrevocably opt out of the extended transition period provided in the JOBS Act. As a result, our financial statements may not be comparable to companies that comply with the new or revised accounting pronouncements as of public company effective dates.

We will remain an emerging growth company until the earliest of (1) the last day of the first fiscal year (A) following the fifth anniversary of the completion of this offering, (B) in which our total annual gross revenue is at least $1.235 billion or (C) when we are deemed to be a large accelerated filer, which means the market value of our common stock that is held by non-affiliates exceeds $700.0 million as of our most recently completed second fiscal quarter and (2) the date on which we have issued more than $1.0 billion in non-convertible debt securities during the prior three-year period.

5

NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE THREE MONTHS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2023 AND 2022
(Dollars in thousands, unless otherwise stated)

NOTE 2: Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation

These financial statements and accompanying notes have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”), pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of the financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the dates of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Segment Reporting

Operating segments are identified as components of an enterprise about which separate financial information is available for evaluation by the chief operating decision-maker in making decisions regarding resource allocation and assessing performance. We view our operations and manage our business as one operating segment.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

We consider all highly liquid investments purchased with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents. We place our cash and cash equivalents in highly liquid instruments with, and in the custody of, financial institutions with high credit ratings.

Accounts Receivable

Accounts receivables primarily consist of trade receivables presented net of rebates, price protection and an allowance for credit loss. Accounts receivable also include unbilled receivables, which primarily represent work completed on development services recognized as revenue but not yet invoiced to customers and semi-custom products under non-cancellable purchase orders that have no alternative use to the Company at contract inception, for which revenue has been recognized but not yet invoiced to customers. All unbilled accounts receivables are expected to be billed and collected within twelve months.

We manage our exposure to customer credit risk through credit limits, credit lines, ongoing monitoring procedures and credit approvals. Furthermore, we perform in-depth credit evaluations of all new customers and, at intervals, for existing customers. From this, we may require letters of credit, bank or corporate guarantees or advance payments if deemed necessary. We maintain an allowance for credit loss, consisting of known specific troubled accounts as well as an amount based on historical experience and current credit assessments. The amount of allowance for doubtful accounts were $165 as of December 31, 2023 and $333 as of September 30, 2023, respectively. We do not believe the receivable balance from its customers represents a significant credit risk.

Inventories

We employ a standard cost valuation approach for our inventory, with adjustments to align with the lower of cost or estimated net realizable value. This estimate considers future demand and market conditions to ensure accurate representation. In determining excess or obsolescence reserves for its products, we consider assumptions such as changes in business and economic conditions, other-than-temporary decreases in demand for its products, and changes in technology or customer requirements The net realizable value adjustments are informed by recent historical sales activity and selling prices, alongside future price estimations. We fully reserve for inventories and non-cancellable purchase orders for inventory deemed obsolete. We actively manage inventory risk through regular reviews and comparisons of stock levels with anticipated demand. This proactive approach allows for early identification of excess inventory, enabling us to implement corrective actions such as promotional offers. Additionally, we maintain close collaboration with suppliers to ensure inventory acquisition aligns with our actual needs and timing.  

6

NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE THREE MONTHS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2023 AND 2022
(Dollars in thousands, unless otherwise stated)

NOTE 2: Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (cont.)

Inventory as of December 31, 2023 and September 30, 2023 are as follows:

	December 31, 2023		September 30, 2023
Raw materials	$	112	$	164
Finished goods		542		658
Total inventories	$	654	$	822

Property, and Equipment, net

Property and equipment, net, is stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization and is depreciated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets. Estimated useful lives of equipment is two to six years, and leasehold improvements are measured by the shorter of the remaining terms of the leases or the estimated useful economic lives of the improvements.

Property and equipment as of December 31, 2023 and September 30, 2023 are as follows:

	December 31, 2023			September 30, 2023
Furniture, fixtures & equipment	$	63		$	63
Leasehold improvements		4			4
		67			67
Accumulated depreciation		(43	)		(39	)
Property and equipment, net	$	24		$	28

Depreciation expense for the three months ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 was $4 and $11, respectively.

Stockholders’ Equity

According to ASC 505-10-S99-4, changes in the capital structure of a reporting entity due to a stock dividend, stock split or reverse split occurring after the date of the latest reported balance sheet but before the release of the financial statements (or the effective date of the registration statement, whichever is later) should be given retroactive effect in the balance sheet. In such cases, appropriate disclosure should be made of the retrospective treatment and the date the change became effective. For our Statements of Stockholders’ Equity, par value per share and the number of shares has been retrospectively restated for the related period in connection with our 4-for-1 forward stock split and concurrent re-designation of our common stock into Class A and Class B common stock in October 2022.

In accounting for the conversion of member units into common stock, we followed the relevant accounting guidance provided by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) in accordance with GAAP. According to ASC 805-50-15-6, an entity charters a newly formed entity and then transfers some or all of its net assets to that newly chartered entity is an example of common-control transactions. ASC 805-50-15-6 provides guidance on common control transactions, stating that such transactions involve transfers between entities under common control, where the control is not transitory. In the case of the conversion of member units into common stock, the entities involved are under common control by the same parent entity. This relationship satisfies the criteria for a common control transaction, as control is not transitory and the parent entity exercises significant influence over the entities involved. Financial statements reflect the members’ equity and that the reclassification of members’ equity during fiscal 2022 to paid-in-capital is properly accounted for, in accordance with ASC 805-50-45-4 and SAB Topic 4.B by analogy.

7

NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE THREE MONTHS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2023 AND 2022
(Dollars in thousands, unless otherwise stated)

NOTE 2: Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (cont.)

Revenue Recognition

Our revenue recognition policy adheres to the principle of recognizing revenue when the promised goods or services are transferred to customers, at an amount reflecting the consideration we expect to receive. This principle aligns with the five-step model outlined in the accounting standard ASC 606 , we perform the following steps: (i) identification of the promised goods or services in the contract; (ii) determination of whether the promised goods or services are performance obligations, including whether they are distinct in the context of the contract; (iii) measurement of the transaction price, including the constraint on variable consideration; (iv) allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations; and (v) recognition of revenue when (or as) we satisfy each performance obligation. We only apply the five-step model to contracts when it is probable that we will collect the consideration we are entitled to in exchange for the goods or services we transfer to the customer.

Product Revenue

We generate revenue through the direct sale of its branded robotic products to customers. . We consider customer purchase orders, which in some cases are governed by master sales agreements, to be the contracts with our customers. Each contract establishes a single performance obligation: the delivery of our product in accordance with the specified payment and shipping terms. The entire transaction price is allocated to this single performance obligation. Product revenue is recognized upon the customer acquiring control of the product , which aligns with either the shipment or delivery date as stipulated in the contract.  

Other Revenue Policies

Sales, value add, and other taxes collected on behalf of third parties are excluded from revenue.

We do not assess whether a contract has a significant financing component if the expectation at contract inception is such that the period between payment by the customer and the transfer of the promised products to the customer will be one year or less, which is the case with substantially all customers.

We recognize the incremental costs of obtaining contracts as an expense when incurred if the amortization period of the assets that we otherwise would have recognized is one year or less. These costs are included in selling expenses.

We account for shipping and handling activities related to contracts with customers as costs to fulfill the promise to transfer the associated products. We record the related costs within cost of goods sold.

Disaggregation of Revenue

The following table sets forth revenue by product for the three months ended December 31, 2023 and 2022:

	Three months ended December 31,
	2023		2022
Robotics
Product revenue	$	187	$	613
Service revenue		799		232
Leasing revenue		13		91
Total Robotics revenue		999		936
Smart hardware		16		1
Interactive system		30		9
Cloutea*		61		—
Total revenue, net	$	1,106	$	946

Notes:

* Cloutea is the revenue generated from our boba tea store open in May 2023, in order to further develop our business model. This is our model store of interactive robot barista by utilizing our ADAM robot.

8

NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE THREE MONTHS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2023 AND 2022
(Dollars in thousands, unless otherwise stated)

NOTE 2: Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (cont.)

Research and Development Costs

Research and development costs primarily consist of employee-related expenses, including salaries and benefits, facilities costs, depreciation, and other allocated expenses. Research and development costs are expensed as incurred.

Income Taxes

The Company accounts for income taxes in accordance with income tax accounting guidance (Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 740, Income Taxes).  The income tax accounting guidance results in two components of income tax expense:  current and deferred.  Current income tax expense reflects taxes to be paid or refunded for the current period by applying the provisions of the enacted tax law to the taxable income or excess of deductions over revenues.  The Company determines deferred income taxes using the liability (or balance sheet) method. Under this method, the net deferred tax asset or liability is based on the tax effects of the differences between the book and tax bases of assets and liabilities, and enacted changes in tax rates and laws are recognized in the period in which they occur. Deferred income tax expense results from changes in deferred tax assets and liabilities between periods.  Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance if, based on the weight of evidence available, it is more likely than not some portion or all of a deferred tax asset will not be realized.   

Tax positions are recognized if it is more likely than not, based on the technical merits, the tax position will be realized or sustained upon examination. The term “more likely than not” means a likelihood of more than 50 percent; the terms examined and upon examination also include resolution of the related appeals or litigation processes, if any. A tax position that meets the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold is initially and subsequently measured as the largest amount of tax benefit that has a greater than 50 percent likelihood of being realized upon settlement with a taxing authority that has full knowledge of all relevant information. The determination of whether or not a tax position has met the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold considers the facts, circumstances and information available at the reporting date and is subject to management’s judgment. 

The Company recognizes interest and penalties on income taxes as a component of income tax expense. 

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In February 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2016-02, Leases (“Topic 842”). The guidance in this ASU supersedes the leasing guidance in Topic 840, Leases. Under the new guidance, lessees are required to recognize lease assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet for all leases with terms longer than 12 months. Leases will be classified as either finance or operating, with classification affecting the pattern of expense recognition in the statement of operations. The standard is effective for public business entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018. As an emerging growth company, we adopted the new standard on January 1, 2022. We had operating leases for which we were required to recognize a right-of-use asset and lease liability.

In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-12, Income Taxes (Topic 740), Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes, which amends the approaches and methodologies in accounting for income taxes during interim periods and makes changes to certain income tax classifications. The new standard allows certain exceptions, including an exception to the use of the incremental approach for intra-period tax allocation, when there is a loss from continuing operations and income or a gain from other items, and to the general methodology for calculating income taxes in an interim period, when a year-to-date loss exceeds the anticipated loss for the year. The standard also requires franchise or similar taxes partially based on income to be reported as income tax and to reflect the effects of enacted changes in tax laws or rates in the annual effective tax rate computation from the date of enactment. Lastly, in any future acquisition, we would be required to evaluate when the step-up in the tax basis of goodwill is part of the business combination and when it should be considered a separate transaction. The standard will be effective for us beginning January 1, 2022, with early adoption of the amendments permitted. The adoption of ASU 2019-12 did not have a material impact on our financial statements and disclosures.

In May 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2021-04, Earnings Per Share (Topic 260), Debt-Modifications and Extinguishments (Subtopic 470-50), Compensation-Stock Compensation (Topic 718), and Derivatives and Hedging-Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815- 40): Issuer’s Accounting for Certain Modifications or Exchanges of Freestanding Equity-Classified Written Call Options (“ASU 2021-04”). ASU 2021-04 provides guidance for a modification or an exchange of a freestanding equity-classified written call option that is not within the scope of another topic. ASU 2021-04 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2021. The Company has determined the adoption of ASU 2021-04 did not have a material impact on our financial statements and disclosures.

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NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE THREE MONTHS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2023 AND 2022
(Dollars in thousands, unless otherwise stated)

NOTE 2: Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (cont.)

COVID-19

In March 2020, the World Health Organization declared the outbreak of a novel coronavirus (COVID-19) as a pandemic, which continues to spread throughout the United States. The COVID-19 pandemic has adversely impacted global commercial activity, disrupted supply chains and contributed to significant volatility in financial markets. Starting in 2020, and continuing through the date hereof, the COVID-19 pandemic continued to adversely impact many different industries. The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic could have a continued material impact on economic and market conditions and trigger a period of global economic slowdown. The rapid development and fluidity of this situation precludes any prediction as to the extent and the duration of the impact of COVID-19. The COVID-19 pandemic therefore presents material uncertainty and risk with respect to the Company and its performance and could affect its financial results in a materially adverse way. The Company has considered information available to it as of the date of issuance of these consolidated financial statements and is not aware of any specific events or circumstances that would require an update to its estimates or judgements, or an adjustment to the carrying value of its assets or liabilities. The accounting estimates and other matters assessed include, but were not limited to, long-lived assets and accrued expenses. These estimates may change as new events occur and additional information becomes available. Actual results could differ materially from these estimates. In response to the changing dynamics of the COVID-19 pandemic and endemic, the Company closely monitors the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommendations in order to react quickly with appropriate safety protocols. Management is continuing to monitor the effect of COVID-19 and intends to adjust its operational protocols as may be necessary.

NOTE 3: Earnings per Share

Due to the presence of net losses in all presented periods, potentially dilutive securities are excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share. In addition, we have no outstanding stock options, warrants, convertible notes, and any other forms of convertible deferred compensation that could dilute basic earnings per share in the future as of December 31, 2023 and 2022.

	Three Months Ended December 31,
	2023			2022
Numerator:
Net loss attributable to common stockholders	$	(2,748	)	$	(1,202	)
Denominator:
Weighted average ordinary shares used in computing		64,309,409			62,000,846
Basic and diluted net loss per share (in each dollar)	$	(0.04	)	$	(0.02	)

NOTE 4: Income Taxes

We are subject to taxation in the United States and various states jurisdictions in which we conduct our business. Our tax provision for interim periods is determined using an estimate of our annual effective tax rate, adjusted for discrete items arising in that quarter. On a quarterly basis, we update our estimate of the annual effective tax rate, and if the estimated annual tax rate changes, we make a cumulative adjustment in that quarter.

The tax expenses recorded for both of the three months ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 differ from the U.S. federal statutory tax rate of 21% due primarily to the tax impact of state income taxes, non-deductible officers’ compensation, and transportation fringe benefits. For the three months ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, we recorded nil income tax benefit/(expense) for both periods, and the effective tax rate is not applicable as there were losses from continuing operations before income tax expense for both years presented.

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NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE THREE MONTHS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2023 AND 2022
(Dollars in thousands, unless otherwise stated)

NOTE 4: Income Taxes (cont.)

We have no material uncertain tax positions as of December 31, 2023 and 2022. It is our policy to recognize interest and penalties related expenses on income tax as a component of income tax expense, in our audited condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, we have not accrued any interest or penalties associated with uncertain tax positions. 

NOTE 5: Short-term Loan

During 2023, we entered into ten short-term loan agreements with different financial entities for the total principal amount of $1,853. As of December 31, 2023, the short-term loan balance was $50. 

NOTE 6: Related parties and related-party transactions

The group had the following related parties:

a. Companies controlled by the same controlling stockholders; and

b. Executive officers, stockholders and companies controlled by executive officers.

Balances

We had the following related party balances:

	Relationship	Notes	As of December 31, 2023		As of September 30, 2023
Amounts due from related parties:
Uplus Academy LLC	a	(i)		116		118
Uplus Academy NLV LLC	a	(i)		16		16
Zhenwu Huang	b	(v)		31		—
				163		134

	Relationship	Notes	As of December 31, 2023		As of September 30, 2023
Amounts due to related parties:
Bison Systems LLC	a	(ii)		85		85
Zhenwu Huang	b	(iii)		—		113
Phil Zheng	b	(iv)		—		40
				85		238

Notes:

(i) Uplus Academy LLC and Uplus Academy NLV LLC were both subsidiaries of Richtech, and were disposed on December 31, 2021. Richtech has been making interest-free and non-maturity loans to both companies since their inceptions. On December 31, 2021, Uplus Academy LLC and Uplus Academy NLV LLC, subsidiaries of Richtech have been disposed to Zhenwu Huang, CEO and controlling stockholder of Richtech, to pay off part of Zhenwu Huang’s earlier loans to Richtech. The transaction price for Uplus Academy LLC and Uplus Academy NLV LLC were $120 and $7, respectively.

(ii) Bison Systems LLC was 100% owned by Zhenwu Huang, CEO and controlling stockholder of Richtech and Zhenqiang Huang, CFO and major stockholder of Richtech. In 2022 and 2023, Bison Systems LLC made several interest-free and non-maturity loans to Richtech to support its daily operation.

(iii) Zhenwu Huang, CEO and controlling stockholder of Richtech, made multiple interest-free and non-maturity loans to Richtech since the inception of the business to support Richtech’s operation. As of December 31, 2023, Richtech has paid off the remaining balance to Zhenwu Huang.

(iv) Phil Zheng has served as Richtech’s COO since February 2020. Phil made an interest-free and non-maturity loans to Richtech in May 2023. As of December 31, 2023, Richtech has paid off the remaining balance to Phil Zheng.

(v) We made an interest-free and non-maturity loans for the amount of $31 to Zhenwu Huang, CEO and controlling shareholder of Richtech in December 2023.

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NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE THREE MONTHS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2023 AND 2022
(Dollars in thousands, unless otherwise stated)

NOTE 7: Commitments and contingencies

Leases

We lease office facilities under noncancelable operating lease agreements. We lease space for our corporate headquarters in Las Vegas, Nevada through August 2027, and a second office space in Austin, Taxes through April 2024. In addition, our ClouTea store in Las Vegas currently operates under a lease which expires in January 2024. Afterwards, the lease will be month to month, which allows for ongoing adaptability while guaranteeing our market presence. While this arrangement grants the landlord the option to terminate with a two-month notice, it also affords us similar flexibility to adjust as needed. The landlord may choose to terminate the lease by sending a notice two month in advance.    

The components of leases and lease costs are as follows:

Operating leases	As of December 31, 2023		As of September 30, 2022
Operating lease right-of-use assets	$	256	$	315
Operating lease liabilities, current portion	$	130	$	161
Operating lease liabilities, non-current portion		126		154
Total operating lease liabilities	$	256	$	315

Operating leases	Three Months Ended December 31, 2023		Three Months Ended December 31, 2022
Operating lease cost	$	90	$	37

Future minimum lease payments under these leases as of December 31, 2023 are approximately as follows:

Fiscal year	Amount
Reminder of 2024	$	114
2025		116
2026		50
Total future minimum lease payments	$	280

Legal Proceedings

From time to time, in the ordinary course of business, we are subject to litigation and regulatory examinations as well as information gathering requests, inquiries and investigations. As of December 31, 2023, there were no matters which would have a material impact on our financial results.

NOTE 8: Subsequent Events

On December 11, 2023, we have registered an aggregate of 6,000,000 shares of Class B common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, which are reserved for issuance under the Richtech Robotics Inc. Employee Stock Option Plan (“ESOP”). The ESOP is expected to be granted and effective in March 2024.

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ITEM 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following discussion should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and the related notes contained elsewhere in this Report and in our other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission. The following discussion may contain predictions, estimates, and other forward-looking statements that involve a number of risks and uncertainties, including those discussed under “Risk Factors” in our annual report on form 10-K for the year ended September 30, 2023 and elsewhere in this Report. These risks could cause our actual results to differ materially from any future performance suggested below.

Overview

We are a leading provider of service robotic solutions by developing, manufacturing, and deploying novel products that address the growing need for automation in the service industry. We develop and provide service automation solutions that directly address the labor shortage problem affecting the US service industry. Our solutions include delivery, commercial cleaning, food & beverage service, and customization and development service, which has been implemented in more than 80 cities across the United States in restaurants, hotels, casinos, senior living homes, factories and retail centers. Our solutions automate repetitive and time-consuming tasks which allows clients to reallocate labor hours to more value-creating roles. Many of our clients see our robotic solutions as crucial to expanding and scaling their businesses.

Our product family was designed to provide labor-intensive businesses with robotic automation solutions. Hospitality is the most labor-intensive industry, which is why we have deployed our robots across restaurants, hotels, casinos, hospitals, bars, event spaces, and senior living homes. The market is currently in the phase where end-users and system integrators are still gaining experience in adoption and implementation of nonindustrial service robots. In North America, the primary driver for adoption will be the ongoing trend to automate menial or non-value-adding-tasks. These tasks include cleaning, transport and delivery, and food preparation.

Factors and Trends Affecting Our Business and Results of Operations

The following trends and uncertainties either affected our financial performance historically or are likely to impact our results of operations in the future:

● As our robotic products market potential is seen by others, more competitors enter the market, which will lead to price competition and a decline in profit margins;

● A recession will lead to a decline in customer demand in our robotic products and services;

● Some of the products are currently assembled by suppliers in China, which may delay the supply if they are affected by international shipping, epidemic, geopolitical conflicts and other factors;

● We anticipate that our general and administrative expenses will increase in the future as a result of increased costs associated with being a public company. These increases will likely include increased costs related to the hiring of additional personnel and fees to outside consultants, attorneys, and accountants, and personnel-related stock-based compensation costs, among other expenses, and, in the case of public company-related expenses, services associated with strengthening our internal control over financial reporting, maintaining compliance with Nasdaq listing and SEC reporting requirements, director and officer liability insurance costs, and investor and public relations costs, among other expenses.

● Inflationary pressures are also a concern as it is difficult to make reliable projections for the cost of components. This means profit margins could be affected, and our pricing would need to re-evaluated on a regular basis.

● The rising interest rate will lead to a higher borrowing cost. It will increase our cost for any potential future borrowing and financing activities. Higher interest rates reduce consumer spending and business investment, causing the economy to contract, which will impact our business and will reduce our customers’ purchasing power.

● We may adopt a new compensation plan that will introduce adjustments to executive compensation packages and a new vesting schedule. The potential impact of a new compensation plan may include increased costs associated with higher executive salaries and performance-based incentives. Additionally, a new vesting schedule may impact employee retention and talent acquisition strategies. The ultimate impact of the plan will be decided by the terms of the final plan, which are subject to approval by the Compensation Committee.

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Results of Operations

Comparison of the three months ended December 31, 2023 and 2022

The following table summarizes our results of operations (in thousands) for the three months ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, together with the dollar change in those items from period to period:

	Three months ended December 31,
	2023			2022			Change
Revenue, net	$	1,106		$	946		$	160
Cost of revenue, net		496			446			50
Gross profit		610			500			110
Operating expenses:
Research and development		834			855			(21	)
Sales and marketing		595			79			516
General and administrative		1,443			767			676
Total operating expenses		2,872			1,701			1,171
Loss from operations		(2,262	)		(1,201	)		(1,061	)
Other income (expense):
Interest expense, net		(486	)		(1	)		(485	)
Total other expense		(486	)		(1	)		(485	)
Loss before income tax expense		(2,748	)		(1,202	)		(1,546	)
Income tax benefit/(expense)		—			—			—
Net loss	$	(2,748	)	$	(1,202	)	$	(1,546	)

Revenue

The total revenue for the three months ended December 31, 2023, and 2022, was approximately $1,106 thousand and $946 thousand, respectively. The approximate $160 thousand, or 20%, increase in revenue in the three months ended December 31, 2023 was a combined result of our continuous expansion of customer base and changing of our sales mode. Our revenue (in thousands) by product for the three months ended December 31 is shown below:

	Three months ended December 31,
	2023		2022		Change
Robotics
Product revenue	$	187	$	613	$	(426	)
Service revenue		799		232		567
Leasing revenue		13		91		(78	)
Total Robotics revenue		999		936		63
Smart hardware		16		1		15
Interactive system		30		9		21
Cloutea*		61		—		61
Total	$	1,106	$	946	$	160

Notes:

* Cloutea is the revenue generated from our boba tea store opened in May 2023, in order to further develop our business model. This is our model store of interactive robot barista by utilizing our ADAM robot.

14

For the three months ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, our overall robotics revenue was approximately $999 thousand and $936 thousand, respectively. The increase of approximately $63 thousand, or 7%, was brought on primarily by our increased service revenue of approximately $567 thousand, or 244%, partially offset by the decrease in product revenue of approximately $426 thousand, or 69%. We were upgrading our product line during the first quarter of 2024. We have taken the initiative to reduce the proportion of robotic product sales and leasing robotics, and have been focusing instead on robot services such as event activities and customized development. However, after the upgrading of the product line, it is expected that both product and leasing revenue will return to growth.

Cost of Revenue, Net

Cost of revenue, net, was approximately $496 thousand and approximately $446 thousand for the three months ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The approximately $50 thousand increase, or 11%,   was due primarily to the increase of our robotics service revenue in 2023. Robotic service revenue has a higher margin comparing to other revenue streams.

Gross Profit

Gross profit as a percentage of total revenue was approximately 61% for the three months ended December 31, 2023 compared to approximately 53% for the three months ended December 31, 2022. The increase in the gross profit percentage in 2023 was driven primarily by the occurrence and recognition of our robotic service revenue, which has a higher margin.

Research and Development Expenses

Research and development expenses were approximately $834 thousand and approximately $855 thousand for the three months ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Our expenditure in developing new products has been consistent for both periods. We anticipate that our R&D expenses will increase by approximately 20-30% in 2024 and 2025

Sales and Marketing Expenses

Sales and marketing expenses were approximately $595 thousand and approximately $79 thousand for the three months ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The increase of approximately $516, or 653%, in marketing costs was primarily due to our increased expenditure in large screen advertisement and social media marketing for our products in November and December 2023.

General and Administrative Expenses

General and administrative expenses were approximately $1,443 thousand and approximately $767 thousand for the three months ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The approximately $676 thousand increase, or 88%, was due primarily to an increase in professional service fees and related expenses to maintain a public company status.

Other Income (Expense)

Total other expense was approximately $486 thousand and approximately $1 thousand for the three months ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The approximately $485 thousand, or 48,500%, net increase in total other expense was primarily due to the interest expense occurred incurred within the three months ended December 31, 2023. During 2023, we entered into ten short-term loan agreements with different financial entities for the total principal amount of approximately $1,853 thousand. As of December 31, 2023, the short-term loan balance was approximately $50 thousand.   

Income Tax Benefit/(Expense)

Income tax benefit/(expense) were nil for both three months ended December 31, 2023, and 2022.

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Liquidity and Capital Resources

We believe that our existing cash as of the date of this Report will fund our current operating plans through at least the next twelve months from the date of this Report. Although we have operating cash outflows of $1,212 thousand for the three months ended December 31, 2023 and $1,237 thousand for the three months ended December 31, 2022, our working capital is in net asset position with $10,665 thousand as of December 31, 2023 and 4,092 thousand as of December 31, 2022. In addition, if needed, we expect to finance our future cash needs within the next twelve months from the date of this Report through founder investment, public or private equity or debt financings, third-party (including government) funding and marketing and distribution arrangements, as well as other collaborations, strategic alliances and licensing arrangements, or any combination of these approaches. If we raise additional funds through further issuances of equity or convertible debt securities, our existing stockholders could suffer significant dilution, and any new equity securities we issue could have rights, preferences, and privileges superior to those of holders of our common stock, including shares of common stock sold in this offering.

Comparison of the three months ended December 31, 2023 and 2022

The following table summarizes our cash flow information (in thousands) for the three months ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, together with the dollar change in those items from period to period:

	Three months ended  December 31,
	2023			2022			Change
Net cash provided by (used in):
Operating activities	$	(1,212	)	$	(1,237	)		25
Investing activities		(25	)		(21	)		(4	)
Financing activities		8,339			1,489			6,850
Net change in cash and cash equivalents	$	7,102		$	231			6,871

Operating Activities

Net cash used in operating activities for the three months ended December 31, 2023 was approximately $1,212 thousand, primarily due to a net loss of approximately $2,748 thousand and an increase of approximately $1,536 thousand in net operating assets and liabilities. The cash flow impact from changes in net operating assets and liabilities was primarily driven by decreases in accounts receivable of approximately $2,432 thousand and inventory of approximately $167 thousand, partially offset by decreases in accounts payable of approximately $1,066 thousand.

16

Net cash used in operating activities for the three months ended December 31, 2022 was approximately $1,237 thousand, primarily due to a net loss of approximately $1,202 thousand and a decrease of approximately $35 thousand in net operating assets and liabilities. The cash flow impact from changes in net operating assets and liabilities was primarily driven by increases in accounts receivable of approximately $284 thousand, and a decrease in accounts payable of approximately $127 thousand, tax payable of approximately $113 thousand, and current operating lease liabilities of approximately $108 thousand, partially offset by decrease in inventory of approximately $477 thousand, and increases in non-current operating lease liabilities of approximately $93 thousand.

Investing Activities

Net cash used for investing activities was approximately $25 thousand and approximately $21 thousand for investing activities for the three months ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. These amounts consisted of sale of property and equipment and/or cash used for lending to related parties for both periods.

Financing Activities

Net cash provided by financing activities totaled approximately $8,339 thousand for the three months ended December 31, 2023. We raised approximately $9,286 thousand from issuance of ordinary shares, offset by approximately $152 thousand payment of related party debt and approximately $795 thousand payment of short-term loans.

Net cash provided by financing activities totaled approximately $1,489 thousand for the three months ended December 31, 2022. We raised approximately $1,400 thousand from issuance of ordinary shares, and received proceeds of approximately $89 thousand from related party debt.

Contractual Obligations

We are a smaller reporting company as defined by Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and are not required to provide the information under this item.

Trend Information

Other than as disclosed elsewhere in this registration statement, particularly with respect to government regulations relating to nicotine and cannabis, we are not aware of any trends, uncertainties, demands, commitments, or events that are reasonably likely to have a material effect on our net revenues, income from continuing operations, profitability, liquidity or capital resources, or that would cause reported financial information not necessarily to be indicative of future operating results or financial condition.

Seasonality

Seasonality does not materially affect our business or the results of our operations.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We do not have off-balance sheet arrangements.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted

See Note 2 to our unaudited financial statements included elsewhere in this Form 10-Q for more information.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

The preparation of the financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the dates of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Management bases its estimates on historical experience, market and other conditions, and various other assumptions it believes to be reasonable. See Note 2 to our audited financial statements included elsewhere in this Form 10-Q for more information.

17

JOBS Act

Section 107 of the JOBS Act also provides that an “emerging growth company” can take advantage of the extended transition period provided in Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act for complying with new or revised accounting standards. In other words, an “emerging growth company” can delay the adoption of new or revised accounting standards until those standards would otherwise apply to private companies. We have elected to avail ourselves of this extended transition period.

For as long as we remain an “emerging growth company” under the recently enacted JOBS Act, we will, among other things:

● be exempt from the provisions of Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, which requires that our independent registered public accounting firm provide an attestation report on the effectiveness of our internal controls over financial reporting;

● be permitted to omit the detailed compensation discussion and analysis from proxy statements and reports filed under the Exchange Act and instead provide a reduced level of disclosure concerning executive compensation; and

● be exempt from any rules that may be adopted by the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board requiring mandatory audit firm rotation or a supplement to the auditor’s report on the financial statements.

Although we are still evaluating the JOBS Act, we currently intend to take advantage of some or all of the reduced regulatory and reporting requirements that will be available to us so long as we qualify as an “emerging growth company,” including the extension of time to comply with new or revised financial accounting standards available under Section 102(b) of the JOBS Act. Among other things, this means that our independent registered public accounting firm will not be required to provide an attestation report on the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting so long as we qualify as an emerging growth company, which may increase the risk that weaknesses or deficiencies in our internal control over financial reporting go undetected. Likewise, so long as we qualify as an emerging growth company, we may elect not to provide you with certain information, including certain financial information and certain information regarding compensation of our executive officers, that we would otherwise have been required to provide in filings we make with the SEC, which may make it more difficult for investors and securities analysts to evaluate our company. As a result, investor confidence in our company and the market price of our common stock may be materially and adversely affected.

18

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.

Not required for smaller reporting companies.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures.

(a) Evaluation of disclosure controls and procedures

In connection with the preparation of this Report, our management conducted an assessment of the effectiveness of our internal controls over financial reporting as of the end of the period covered by this report (under the supervision and with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) and Chief Financial Officer (“CFO”)). Based on that assessment, our CEO and CFO have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) or 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act) were not effective due to a material weakness in internal control over financial reporting, as described below. Management’s assessment of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures is expressed at a level of reasonable assurance because management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives.

Management’s Report on Internal Controls over Financial Reporting

Our internal control over financial reporting is a process designed by, or under the supervision of, our CEO and CFO and effected by our Board, management and other personnel, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of our financial reporting and the preparation of our financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. Internal control over financial reporting includes policies and procedures that pertain to the maintenance of records that in reasonable detail accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of our assets; provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of our financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that our receipts and expenditures are being made only in accordance with the authorization of our Board and management; and provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of our assets that could have a material effect on our financial statements.

Under the supervision and participation of our management, including our CEO, we evaluated the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting based on the framework set forth in Internal Control - Integrated Framework issued in 2013 by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. As part of our assessment of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2023, management identified the following material weakness: the Company did not adequately design and maintain effective general information technology controls over third-party information systems and applications that are relevant to the preparation of the Company’s financial statements:

● Information and Technology Controls: Certain individual control deficiencies related to information technology (“IT”) general controls and report reviews aggregate into a material weakness, as follows:

● Controls were not fully documented responding to all of the Complementary User Entity Controls forwarded through Software as a Service (SaaS) vendor audit reports in the design and implementation of suggested controls.

● There were not always appropriate IT controls related to information produced by the entity (IPE), including spreadsheets, that are relevant to the preparation of our consolidated financial statements.

A material weakness is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of our annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. 

This material weakness did not result in any identified material misstatements to the financial statements, and there were no changes to previously released financial results. Based on this material weakness, management concluded that as of December 31, 2023, internal control over financial reporting was not effective. 

This Report does not include an attestation report of our internal controls from our independent registered public accounting firm due to our status as an emerging growth company under the JOBS Act.

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Remediation

Management has been implementing and continues to implement measures designed to ensure that control deficiencies contributing to the material weakness are remediated, such that these controls are designed, implemented, and operating effectively. The remediation actions include the following: 

● establish more specific controls to respond to Complementary User Entity Controls forwarded through SaaS vendor audit reports in the design and implementation of suggested controls;

● expand the management and governance over IT system controls;

● establish more specific controls to gain additional comfort over the completeness and accuracy of IPE, including data used in spreadsheets used in the preparation of consolidated financial statements; and

● implement enhanced process controls around internal user access management including provisioning, removal, and periodic review.

We believe that these actions will remediate the material weakness, once management has performed its assessment of our internal controls over financial reporting including the remedial measures described above. The weakness will not be considered remediated, however, until the applicable controls operate for a sufficient period of time and management has concluded, through testing, that these controls are operating effectively.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

As of December 31, 2023, as a privately owned company, we were not subject to the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, the rules and regulations of the SEC, or other corporate governance requirements applicable to public reporting companies with respect to the establishment of internal controls over financial reporting. As described within the remedial measures above, during the year ended December 31, 2023, we developed and commenced the implementation of internal controls over financial reporting, and we are continuing to develop and implement internal controls over financial reporting.

Inherent Limitations on Internal Controls

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Projections of any evaluation of effectiveness for future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. No evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, have been detected.

(b) Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There has not been any change in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) of the Exchange Act) that occurred during our fiscal quarter ended December 31, 2023 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

20

PART II - OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings.

To the knowledge of our management team, there is no litigation currently pending or contemplated against us, any of our officers or directors in their capacity as such or against any of our property. 

Item 1A. Risk Factors.

As a smaller reporting company under Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act, we are not required to include risk factors in this Report. However, as of the date of this Report, there have been no material changes with respect to those risk factors previously disclosed in our (i) registration statement for our initial public offering and (ii) 2023 Annual Report. Any of these factors could result in a significant or material adverse effect on our results of operations or financial condition. Additional risks could arise that may also affect our business or ability to consummate an initial business combination. We may disclose changes to such risk factors or disclose additional risk factors from time to time in our future filings with the SEC.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.

None.

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities

None.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

Item 5. Other Information

None.

Item 6. Exhibits

The following exhibits are filed as part of, or incorporated by reference into, this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

No.	Description of Exhibit
31.1*	Certification of Principal Executive Officer Pursuant to Securities Exchange Act Rules 13a-14(a) and 15(d)-14(a), as adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
31.2*	Certification of Principal Financial Officer Pursuant to Securities Exchange Act Rules 13a-14(a) and 15(d)-14(a), as adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
32.1**	Certification of Principal Executive Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
32.2**	Certification of Principal Financial Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
101.INS*	Inline XBRL Instance Document.
101.SCH*	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.
101.CAL*	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.
101.DEF*	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.
101.LAB*	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.
101.PRE*	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.
104*	Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101).

* Filed herewith.

** Furnished.

21

SIGNATURES

In accordance with the requirements of the Exchange Act, the registrant caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

	RICHTECH ROBOTICS INC.
Date: February 14, 2024	By:	/s/ Zhenwu Huang
	Name:	Zhenwu Huang
	Title:	Chief Executive Officer
		(Principal Executive Officer)
Date: February 14, 2024	By:	/s/ Zhenqiang Huang
	Name:	Zhenqiang Huang
	Title:	Chief Financial Officer
		(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

22

EX-31.1

Exhibit 31.1

CERTIFICATION OF THE

PRINCIPAL EXECUTIVE OFFICER

PURSUANT TO

RULE 13a-14(a) AND RULE 15d-14(a)

UNDER THE

SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

I, Zhenwu Huang, certify that:

1.	I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Richtech Robotics Inc.;
2.	Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
3.	Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
4.	The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a)	Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
(b)	[(Paragraph intentionally omitted pursuant to SEC Release Nos. 33-8238/34-47986 and 33-8392/34-49313)];
(c)	Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
(d)	Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a)	All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
(b)	Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

February 14, 2024		/s/ Zhenwu Huang
	Name:	Zhenwu Huang
	Title:	Chief Executive Officer
		(Principal Executive Officer)

EX-31.2

Exhibit 31.2

CERTIFICATION OF THE

PRINCIPAL FINANCIAL OFFICER

PURSUANT TO

RULE 13a-14(a) AND RULE 15d-14(a)

UNDER THE

SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

I, Zhenqiang Huang, certify that:

1.	I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Richtech Robotics Inc.;
2.	Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
3.	Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
4.	The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a)	Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
(b)	[(Paragraph intentionally omitted pursuant to SEC Release Nos. 33-8238/34-47986 and 33-8392/34-49313)];
(c)	Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
(d)	Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a)	All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
(b)	Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

February 14, 2024		/s/ Zhenqiang Huang
	Name:	Zhenqiang Huang
	Title:	Chief Financial Officer
		(Principal Financial Officer)

EX-32.1

Exhibit 32.1

CERTIFICATION OF THE

PRINCIPAL EXECUTIVE OFFICER

PURSUANT TO

18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Quarterly Report of Richtech Robotics Inc. (the “Company’s Quarterly Report”) on Form 10-Q for the period ended December 31, 2023, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), Zhenwu Huang, as Chief Executive Officer and principal executive officer of the Company, hereby certifies, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, to the best of the undersigned’s knowledge and belief, that:

1.	The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d), as applicable, of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended; and
2.	Information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company as of the dates and for the periods expressed in the Report.

/s/ Zhenwu Huang

Zhenwu Huang

Chief Executive Officer and Principal Executive Officer

Dated: February 14, 2024

This certification accompanies this Report pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and shall not be deemed filed by the Company for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.

EX-32.2

Exhibit 32.2

CERTIFICATION OF THE

PRINCIPAL FINANCIAL OFFICER

PURSUANT TO

18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Quarterly Report of Richtech Robotics Inc. (the “Company’s Quarterly Report”) on Form 10-Q for the period ended December 31, 2023, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), Zhenqiang Huang, as Chief Financial Officer and principal financial officer of the Company, hereby certifies, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, to the best of the undersigned’s knowledge and belief, that:

1.	The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d), as applicable, of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended; and
2.	Information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company as of the dates and for the periods expressed in the Report.

/s/ Zhenqiang Huang

Zhenqiang Huang

Chief Financial Officer and Principal Financial Officer

Dated: February 14, 2024

This certification accompanies this Report pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and shall not be deemed filed by the Company for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.

XML

Document And Entity Information - shares	3 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Feb. 14, 2024
Document Information Line Items
Entity Registrant Name	RICHTECH ROBOTICS INC.
Trading Symbol	RR
Document Type	10-Q
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--09-30
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		21,288,410
Amendment Flag	false
Entity Central Index Key	0001963685
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Non-accelerated Filer
Document Period End Date	Dec. 31, 2023
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2024
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q1
Entity Small Business	true
Entity Emerging Growth Company	true
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Ex Transition Period	false
Document Quarterly Report	true
Document Transition Report	false
Entity File Number	001-41866
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	NV
Entity Tax Identification Number	88-2870106
Entity Address, Address Line One	4175 Cameron St Ste 1
Entity Address, City or Town	Las Vegas
Entity Address, State or Province	NV
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	89103
City Area Code	(866)
Local Phone Number	236-3835
Title of 12(b) Security	Class B Common Stock, par value $0.00001 per share
Security Exchange Name	NASDAQ
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes

XML

Unaudited Balance Sheets - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023	Sep. 30, 2023
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 7,535	$ 433
Accounts receivable, (net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $165 and $333 as of December 31, 2023 and September 30, 2023, respectively)	3,144	5,576
Inventory	654	822
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	7	17
Total current assets	11,503	6,982
Property and equipment, net	24	28
Deferred tax assets, net	518	518
Operating lease right-of-use-assets	256	315
Other assets, non-current	10	10
Total assets	12,311	7,853
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	60	1,126
Accrued expenses	59	59
Short-term loan	50	845
Tax Payable	454	461
Operating lease liabilities, current	130	161
Total current liabilities	838	2,890
Operating lease liabilities, non-current	126	154
Total liabilities	964	3,044
Commitments and contingencies (Note 7)
Stockholders’ equity:
Additional paid-in capital	13,894	4,608
Retained earnings	(2,547)	201
Total stockholders’ equity	11,347	4,809
Total liabilities, preferred stock and stockholders’ equity	12,311	7,853
Class A common Stock
Stockholders’ equity:
Common stock, value
Class B Common Stock
Stockholders’ equity:
Common stock, value
Related Party
Current assets:
Amount due from related parties, current	163	134
Current liabilities:
Amount due to related parties, current	$ 85	$ 238

XML

Unaudited Balance Sheets (Parentheticals) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023	Sep. 30, 2023
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts (in Dollars)	$ 165	$ 333
Class A common Stock
Common stock, par value (in Dollars per share)	$ 0.00001	$ 0.00001
Common stock, shares authorized	47,400,000	47,400,000
Common stock, shares issued	44,353,846	44,353,846
Common stock, shares outstanding	44,353,846	44,353,846
Class B Common Stock
Common stock, par value (in Dollars per share)	$ 0.00001	$ 0.00001
Common stock, shares authorized	60,600,000	60,600,000
Common stock, shares issued	19,955,563	17,813,000
Common stock, shares outstanding	19,955,563	17,813,000

XML

Unaudited Statements of Operations - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Income Statement [Abstract]
Revenue, net	$ 1,106	$ 946
Cost of revenue, net	496	446
Gross profit	610	500
Operating expenses:
Research and development	834	855
Sales and marketing	595	79
General and administrative	1,443	767
Total operating expenses	2,872	1,701
Gain/(Loss) from operations	(2,262)	(1,201)
Other income (expense):
Interest expense, net	(486)	(1)
Total other expense	(486)	(1)
Loss before income tax expense	(2,748)	(1,202)
Income tax benefit/(expense)
Net loss	(2,748)	(1,202)
Net loss attributable to common stockholders	$ (2,748)	$ (1,202)
Basic net loss per share of common stock (in Dollars per share)	$ (0.04)	$ (0.02)
Weighted average shares used to compute basic net loss per share (in Shares)	64,309,409	62,000,846

XML

Unaudited Statements of Operations (Parentheticals) - $ / shares	3 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Income Statement [Abstract]
Diluted net loss per share of common stock	$ (0.04)	$ (0.02)
Weighted average shares used to compute diluted net loss per share	64,309,409	62,000,846

XML

Unaudited Statements of Stockholders’ Equity - USD ($) $ in Thousands		Class A Common Stock		Class B Common Stock		Additional paid-in capital	Retained earnings (Accumulated deficit)	Total
Balances at Sep. 30, 2022					[1]	$ 2,378	$ 540	$ 2,918
Balances (in Shares) at Sep. 30, 2022	[1]	39,400,000		600,000
Common stock issued for cash			[1]		[1]	1,400		1,400
Common stock issued for cash (in Shares)	[1]			9,231,000
Common stock issued for services	[1]					759		759
Common stock issued for services (in Shares)	[1]	6,153,846		6,616,000
Provision for Future Service issue for common stock			[1]		[1]	(759)		(759)
Conversion to Class B Common stock			[1]		[1]
Conversion to Class B Common stock (in Shares)	[1]	(1,200,000)		1,200,000
Net loss			[1]		[1]		(1,202)	(1,202)
Balances at Dec. 31, 2022			[1]		[1]	3,778	(662)	3,116
Balances (in Shares) at Dec. 31, 2022		44,353,846		17,647,000	[1]
Balances at Sep. 30, 2023						4,608	201	4,809
Balances (in Shares) at Sep. 30, 2023		44,353,846		17,813,000
Initial public offering related expenses						(1,426)		(1,426)
Common stock Issuance for initial public offering						10,713		10,713
Common stock Issuance for initial public offering (in Shares)				2,142,563
Net loss							(2,748)	(2,748)
Balances at Dec. 31, 2023						$ 13,894	$ (2,547)	$ 11,347
Balances (in Shares) at Dec. 31, 2023		44,353,846		19,955,563

[1] Par value per share and the number of shares has been retrospectively restated for the related period in connection with our 4-for-1 forward stock split and concurrent re-designation of our common stock into Class A and Class B common stock in October 2022.

XML

Unaudited Statements of Cash Flows - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Cash Flows From Operating Activities
Net loss	$ (2,748)	$ (1,202)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Accounts receivable	2,432	(284)
Inventory	167	477
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	10	17
Right-of-use asset	59	15
Accounts payable	(1,066)	(127)
Tax payable	(7)	(113)
Accrued expenses		(5)
Operating lease liabilities, current	(31)	(108)
Operating lease liabilities, non-current	(28)	93
Net cash used in operating activities	(1,212)	(1,237)
Cash Flows From Investing Activities
Sale of property and equipment	3	3
Cash used for lending to related parties	(28)
Net cash used in investing activities	(25)	(21)
Cash Flows From Financing Activities
Proceeds from the issuance of related party debt		89
Payment of related party debt	(152)
Payment of short-term loans	(795)
Proceeds from issuance of ordinary shares		1,400
Proceeds from stockholder capital injection	9,286
Net cash provided by financing activities	8,339	1,489
Net change in cash and cash equivalents	7,102	231
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of the period	433	327
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of the period	$ 7,535	$ 558

XML

Nature of Business

3 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Nature of Business [Abstract]

Nature of Business

NOTE 1: Nature of Business

Description of Business

Richtech Robotics Inc. (“we”, “us”, “our”, the “Company”, or “Richtech”), is a Nevada C-Corporation registered in Nevada. Richtech was converted from Richtech Creative Displays, LLC on June 22, 2022, which is the predecessor of Richtech and established on July 19, 2016 in Nevada.

We are a pioneer in service robotic solutions, developing and deploying cutting-edge technology that directly tackles the critical labor shortage plaguing the US service industry. Our diverse suite of solutions, encompassing delivery, commercial cleaning, food & beverage service, and custom development, has been transforming operations in over 80 cities across the United States. From bustling restaurants and hotels to dynamic casinos, senior living facilities, factories, and retail centers, our robots are automating repetitive, time-consuming tasks, allowing businesses to reallocate valuable human capital to higher-level roles. Many of our clients consider our solutions essential for their expansion and growth. We are committed to being a long-term partner, continuously innovating and providing a comprehensive range of solutions that remedy specific challenges and propel our clients’ success. 

Risk and Uncertainties

The Company’s performance is inherently tied to global business and economic conditions, including interest rates, inflation, capital markets, and overall economic health. These factors, outside of our direct control, can fluctuate significantly and potentially impact our financial results. Adverse changes in these conditions could have a material adverse effect on our business. In addition, we operate in a highly competitive industry with numerous established players boasting extensive resources and well-developed marketing and sales operations. Our ability to compete effectively and gain market share is not guaranteed, and we may struggle against these larger competitors. Our industry is characterized by rapid changes in technology and market demands. As a result, the Company’s products, services, or expertise may become obsolete or unmarketable. Our continued success hinges on our ability to adapt to these technological changes, anticipate evolving market demands, and continuously improve our current technology under development. 

Emerging Growth Company Status

We are an emerging growth company, as defined in the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012 (the “JOBS Act”). Under the JOBS Act, emerging growth companies can delay adopting new or revised accounting standards issued subsequent to the enactment of the JOBS Act, until such time as those standards apply to private companies.

We have elected to use this extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards that have different effective dates for public and private companies until the earlier of the date that we are (1) no longer an emerging growth company or (2) affirmatively and irrevocably opt out of the extended transition period provided in the JOBS Act. As a result, our financial statements may not be comparable to companies that comply with the new or revised accounting pronouncements as of public company effective dates.

We will remain an emerging growth company until the earliest of (1) the last day of the first fiscal year (A) following the fifth anniversary of the completion of this offering, (B) in which our total annual gross revenue is at least $1.235 billion or (C) when we are deemed to be a large accelerated filer, which means the market value of our common stock that is held by non-affiliates exceeds $700.0 million as of our most recently completed second fiscal quarter and (2) the date on which we have issued more than $1.0 billion in non-convertible debt securities during the prior three-year period.

XML

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

3 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

NOTE 2: Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation

These financial statements and accompanying notes have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”), pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of the financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the dates of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Segment Reporting

Operating segments are identified as components of an enterprise about which separate financial information is available for evaluation by the chief operating decision-maker in making decisions regarding resource allocation and assessing performance. We view our operations and manage our business as one operating segment.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

We consider all highly liquid investments purchased with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents. We place our cash and cash equivalents in highly liquid instruments with, and in the custody of, financial institutions with high credit ratings.

Accounts Receivable

Accounts receivables primarily consist of trade receivables presented net of rebates, price protection and an allowance for credit loss. Accounts receivable also include unbilled receivables, which primarily represent work completed on development services recognized as revenue but not yet invoiced to customers and semi-custom products under non-cancellable purchase orders that have no alternative use to the Company at contract inception, for which revenue has been recognized but not yet invoiced to customers. All unbilled accounts receivables are expected to be billed and collected within twelve months.

We manage our exposure to customer credit risk through credit limits, credit lines, ongoing monitoring procedures and credit approvals. Furthermore, we perform in-depth credit evaluations of all new customers and, at intervals, for existing customers. From this, we may require letters of credit, bank or corporate guarantees or advance payments if deemed necessary. We maintain an allowance for credit loss, consisting of known specific troubled accounts as well as an amount based on historical experience and current credit assessments. The amount of allowance for doubtful accounts were $165 as of December 31, 2023 and $333 as of September 30, 2023, respectively. We do not believe the receivable balance from its customers represents a significant credit risk.

Inventories

We employ a standard cost valuation approach for our inventory, with adjustments to align with the lower of cost or estimated net realizable value. This estimate considers future demand and market conditions to ensure accurate representation. In determining excess or obsolescence reserves for its products, we consider assumptions such as changes in business and economic conditions, other-than-temporary decreases in demand for its products, and changes in technology or customer requirements The net realizable value adjustments are informed by recent historical sales activity and selling prices, alongside future price estimations. We fully reserve for inventories and non-cancellable purchase orders for inventory deemed obsolete. We actively manage inventory risk through regular reviews and comparisons of stock levels with anticipated demand. This proactive approach allows for early identification of excess inventory, enabling us to implement corrective actions such as promotional offers. Additionally, we maintain close collaboration with suppliers to ensure inventory acquisition aligns with our actual needs and timing.  

Inventory as of December 31, 2023 and September 30, 2023 are as follows:

	December 31, 2023		September 30, 2023
Raw materials	$	112	$	164
Finished goods		542		658
Total inventories	$	654	$	822

Property, and Equipment, net

Property and equipment, net, is stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization and is depreciated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets. Estimated useful lives of equipment is two to six years, and leasehold improvements are measured by the shorter of the remaining terms of the leases or the estimated useful economic lives of the improvements.

Property and equipment as of December 31, 2023 and September 30, 2023 are as follows:

	December 31, 2023			September 30, 2023
Furniture, fixtures & equipment	$	63		$	63
Leasehold improvements		4			4
		67			67
Accumulated depreciation		(43	)		(39	)
Property and equipment, net	$	24		$	28

Depreciation expense for the three months ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 was $4 and $11, respectively.

Stockholders’ Equity

According to ASC 505-10-S99-4, changes in the capital structure of a reporting entity due to a stock dividend, stock split or reverse split occurring after the date of the latest reported balance sheet but before the release of the financial statements (or the effective date of the registration statement, whichever is later) should be given retroactive effect in the balance sheet. In such cases, appropriate disclosure should be made of the retrospective treatment and the date the change became effective. For our Statements of Stockholders’ Equity, par value per share and the number of shares has been retrospectively restated for the related period in connection with our 4-for-1 forward stock split and concurrent re-designation of our common stock into Class A and Class B common stock in October 2022.

In accounting for the conversion of member units into common stock, we followed the relevant accounting guidance provided by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) in accordance with GAAP. According to ASC 805-50-15-6, an entity charters a newly formed entity and then transfers some or all of its net assets to that newly chartered entity is an example of common-control transactions. ASC 805-50-15-6 provides guidance on common control transactions, stating that such transactions involve transfers between entities under common control, where the control is not transitory. In the case of the conversion of member units into common stock, the entities involved are under common control by the same parent entity. This relationship satisfies the criteria for a common control transaction, as control is not transitory and the parent entity exercises significant influence over the entities involved. Financial statements reflect the members’ equity and that the reclassification of members’ equity during fiscal 2022 to paid-in-capital is properly accounted for, in accordance with ASC 805-50-45-4 and SAB Topic 4.B by analogy.

Revenue Recognition

Our revenue recognition policy adheres to the principle of recognizing revenue when the promised goods or services are transferred to customers, at an amount reflecting the consideration we expect to receive. This principle aligns with the five-step model outlined in the accounting standard ASC 606 , we perform the following steps: (i) identification of the promised goods or services in the contract; (ii) determination of whether the promised goods or services are performance obligations, including whether they are distinct in the context of the contract; (iii) measurement of the transaction price, including the constraint on variable consideration; (iv) allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations; and (v) recognition of revenue when (or as) we satisfy each performance obligation. We only apply the five-step model to contracts when it is probable that we will collect the consideration we are entitled to in exchange for the goods or services we transfer to the customer.

Product Revenue

We generate revenue through the direct sale of its branded robotic products to customers. . We consider customer purchase orders, which in some cases are governed by master sales agreements, to be the contracts with our customers. Each contract establishes a single performance obligation: the delivery of our product in accordance with the specified payment and shipping terms. The entire transaction price is allocated to this single performance obligation. Product revenue is recognized upon the customer acquiring control of the product , which aligns with either the shipment or delivery date as stipulated in the contract.  

Other Revenue Policies

Sales, value add, and other taxes collected on behalf of third parties are excluded from revenue.

We do not assess whether a contract has a significant financing component if the expectation at contract inception is such that the period between payment by the customer and the transfer of the promised products to the customer will be one year or less, which is the case with substantially all customers.

We recognize the incremental costs of obtaining contracts as an expense when incurred if the amortization period of the assets that we otherwise would have recognized is one year or less. These costs are included in selling expenses.

We account for shipping and handling activities related to contracts with customers as costs to fulfill the promise to transfer the associated products. We record the related costs within cost of goods sold.

Disaggregation of Revenue

The following table sets forth revenue by product for the three months ended December 31, 2023 and 2022:

	Three months ended December 31,
	2023		2022
Robotics
Product revenue	$	187	$	613
Service revenue		799		232
Leasing revenue		13		91
Total Robotics revenue		999		936
Smart hardware		16		1
Interactive system		30		9
Cloutea*		61		—
Total revenue, net	$	1,106	$	946

Notes:

* Cloutea is the revenue generated from our boba tea store open in May 2023, in order to further develop our business model. This is our model store of interactive robot barista by utilizing our ADAM robot.

Research and Development Costs

Research and development costs primarily consist of employee-related expenses, including salaries and benefits, facilities costs, depreciation, and other allocated expenses. Research and development costs are expensed as incurred.

Income Taxes

The Company accounts for income taxes in accordance with income tax accounting guidance (Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 740, Income Taxes).  The income tax accounting guidance results in two components of income tax expense:  current and deferred.  Current income tax expense reflects taxes to be paid or refunded for the current period by applying the provisions of the enacted tax law to the taxable income or excess of deductions over revenues.  The Company determines deferred income taxes using the liability (or balance sheet) method. Under this method, the net deferred tax asset or liability is based on the tax effects of the differences between the book and tax bases of assets and liabilities, and enacted changes in tax rates and laws are recognized in the period in which they occur. Deferred income tax expense results from changes in deferred tax assets and liabilities between periods.  Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance if, based on the weight of evidence available, it is more likely than not some portion or all of a deferred tax asset will not be realized.   

Tax positions are recognized if it is more likely than not, based on the technical merits, the tax position will be realized or sustained upon examination. The term “more likely than not” means a likelihood of more than 50 percent; the terms examined and upon examination also include resolution of the related appeals or litigation processes, if any. A tax position that meets the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold is initially and subsequently measured as the largest amount of tax benefit that has a greater than 50 percent likelihood of being realized upon settlement with a taxing authority that has full knowledge of all relevant information. The determination of whether or not a tax position has met the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold considers the facts, circumstances and information available at the reporting date and is subject to management’s judgment. 

The Company recognizes interest and penalties on income taxes as a component of income tax expense. 

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In February 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2016-02, Leases (“Topic 842”). The guidance in this ASU supersedes the leasing guidance in Topic 840, Leases. Under the new guidance, lessees are required to recognize lease assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet for all leases with terms longer than 12 months. Leases will be classified as either finance or operating, with classification affecting the pattern of expense recognition in the statement of operations. The standard is effective for public business entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018. As an emerging growth company, we adopted the new standard on January 1, 2022. We had operating leases for which we were required to recognize a right-of-use asset and lease liability.

In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-12, Income Taxes (Topic 740), Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes, which amends the approaches and methodologies in accounting for income taxes during interim periods and makes changes to certain income tax classifications. The new standard allows certain exceptions, including an exception to the use of the incremental approach for intra-period tax allocation, when there is a loss from continuing operations and income or a gain from other items, and to the general methodology for calculating income taxes in an interim period, when a year-to-date loss exceeds the anticipated loss for the year. The standard also requires franchise or similar taxes partially based on income to be reported as income tax and to reflect the effects of enacted changes in tax laws or rates in the annual effective tax rate computation from the date of enactment. Lastly, in any future acquisition, we would be required to evaluate when the step-up in the tax basis of goodwill is part of the business combination and when it should be considered a separate transaction. The standard will be effective for us beginning January 1, 2022, with early adoption of the amendments permitted. The adoption of ASU 2019-12 did not have a material impact on our financial statements and disclosures.

In May 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2021-04, Earnings Per Share (Topic 260), Debt-Modifications and Extinguishments (Subtopic 470-50), Compensation-Stock Compensation (Topic 718), and Derivatives and Hedging-Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815- 40): Issuer’s Accounting for Certain Modifications or Exchanges of Freestanding Equity-Classified Written Call Options (“ASU 2021-04”). ASU 2021-04 provides guidance for a modification or an exchange of a freestanding equity-classified written call option that is not within the scope of another topic. ASU 2021-04 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2021. The Company has determined the adoption of ASU 2021-04 did not have a material impact on our financial statements and disclosures.

COVID-19

In March 2020, the World Health Organization declared the outbreak of a novel coronavirus (COVID-19) as a pandemic, which continues to spread throughout the United States. The COVID-19 pandemic has adversely impacted global commercial activity, disrupted supply chains and contributed to significant volatility in financial markets. Starting in 2020, and continuing through the date hereof, the COVID-19 pandemic continued to adversely impact many different industries. The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic could have a continued material impact on economic and market conditions and trigger a period of global economic slowdown. The rapid development and fluidity of this situation precludes any prediction as to the extent and the duration of the impact of COVID-19. The COVID-19 pandemic therefore presents material uncertainty and risk with respect to the Company and its performance and could affect its financial results in a materially adverse way. The Company has considered information available to it as of the date of issuance of these consolidated financial statements and is not aware of any specific events or circumstances that would require an update to its estimates or judgements, or an adjustment to the carrying value of its assets or liabilities. The accounting estimates and other matters assessed include, but were not limited to, long-lived assets and accrued expenses. These estimates may change as new events occur and additional information becomes available. Actual results could differ materially from these estimates. In response to the changing dynamics of the COVID-19 pandemic and endemic, the Company closely monitors the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommendations in order to react quickly with appropriate safety protocols. Management is continuing to monitor the effect of COVID-19 and intends to adjust its operational protocols as may be necessary.

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Earnings Per Share

3 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Earnings per Share

NOTE 3: Earnings per Share

Due to the presence of net losses in all presented periods, potentially dilutive securities are excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share. In addition, we have no outstanding stock options, warrants, convertible notes, and any other forms of convertible deferred compensation that could dilute basic earnings per share in the future as of December 31, 2023 and 2022.

	Three Months Ended December 31,
	2023			2022
Numerator:
Net loss attributable to common stockholders	$	(2,748	)	$	(1,202	)
Denominator:
Weighted average ordinary shares used in computing		64,309,409			62,000,846
Basic and diluted net loss per share (in each dollar)	$	(0.04	)	$	(0.02	)

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Income Taxes

3 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Income Taxes [Abstract]

Income Taxes

NOTE 4: Income Taxes

We are subject to taxation in the United States and various states jurisdictions in which we conduct our business. Our tax provision for interim periods is determined using an estimate of our annual effective tax rate, adjusted for discrete items arising in that quarter. On a quarterly basis, we update our estimate of the annual effective tax rate, and if the estimated annual tax rate changes, we make a cumulative adjustment in that quarter.

The tax expenses recorded for both of the three months ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 differ from the U.S. federal statutory tax rate of 21% due primarily to the tax impact of state income taxes, non-deductible officers’ compensation, and transportation fringe benefits. For the three months ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, we recorded nil income tax benefit/(expense) for both periods, and the effective tax rate is not applicable as there were losses from continuing operations before income tax expense for both years presented.

We have no material uncertain tax positions as of December 31, 2023 and 2022. It is our policy to recognize interest and penalties related expenses on income tax as a component of income tax expense, in our audited condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, we have not accrued any interest or penalties associated with uncertain tax positions. 

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Short-Term Loan

3 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Short-Term Loan [Abstract]

Short-term Loan

NOTE 5: Short-term Loan

During 2023, we entered into ten short-term loan agreements with different financial entities for the total principal amount of $1,853. As of December 31, 2023, the short-term loan balance was $50. 

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Related Parties and Related-Party Transactions

3 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Related Parties and Related-Party Transactions [Abstract]

Related parties and related-party transactions

NOTE 6: Related parties and related-party transactions

The group had the following related parties:

a. Companies controlled by the same controlling stockholders; and

b. Executive officers, stockholders and companies controlled by executive officers.

Balances

We had the following related party balances:

	Relationship	Notes	As of December 31, 2023		As of September 30, 2023
Amounts due from related parties:
Uplus Academy LLC	a	(i)		116		118
Uplus Academy NLV LLC	a	(i)		16		16
Zhenwu Huang	b	(v)		31		—
				163		134

	Relationship	Notes	As of December 31, 2023		As of September 30, 2023
Amounts due to related parties:
Bison Systems LLC	a	(ii)		85		85
Zhenwu Huang	b	(iii)		—		113
Phil Zheng	b	(iv)		—		40
				85		238

Notes:

(i) Uplus Academy LLC and Uplus Academy NLV LLC were both subsidiaries of Richtech, and were disposed on December 31, 2021. Richtech has been making interest-free and non-maturity loans to both companies since their inceptions. On December 31, 2021, Uplus Academy LLC and Uplus Academy NLV LLC, subsidiaries of Richtech have been disposed to Zhenwu Huang, CEO and controlling stockholder of Richtech, to pay off part of Zhenwu Huang’s earlier loans to Richtech. The transaction price for Uplus Academy LLC and Uplus Academy NLV LLC were $120 and $7, respectively.

(ii) Bison Systems LLC was 100% owned by Zhenwu Huang, CEO and controlling stockholder of Richtech and Zhenqiang Huang, CFO and major stockholder of Richtech. In 2022 and 2023, Bison Systems LLC made several interest-free and non-maturity loans to Richtech to support its daily operation.

(iii) Zhenwu Huang, CEO and controlling stockholder of Richtech, made multiple interest-free and non-maturity loans to Richtech since the inception of the business to support Richtech’s operation. As of December 31, 2023, Richtech has paid off the remaining balance to Zhenwu Huang.

(iv) Phil Zheng has served as Richtech’s COO since February 2020. Phil made an interest-free and non-maturity loans to Richtech in May 2023. As of December 31, 2023, Richtech has paid off the remaining balance to Phil Zheng.

(v) We made an interest-free and non-maturity loans for the amount of $31 to Zhenwu Huang, CEO and controlling shareholder of Richtech in December 2023.

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Commitments and Contingencies

3 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Commitments and Contingencies [Abstract]

Commitments and contingencies

NOTE 7: Commitments and contingencies

Leases

We lease office facilities under noncancelable operating lease agreements. We lease space for our corporate headquarters in Las Vegas, Nevada through August 2027, and a second office space in Austin, Taxes through April 2024. In addition, our ClouTea store in Las Vegas currently operates under a lease which expires in January 2024. Afterwards, the lease will be month to month, which allows for ongoing adaptability while guaranteeing our market presence. While this arrangement grants the landlord the option to terminate with a two-month notice, it also affords us similar flexibility to adjust as needed. The landlord may choose to terminate the lease by sending a notice two month in advance.    

The components of leases and lease costs are as follows:

Operating leases	As of December 31, 2023		As of September 30, 2022
Operating lease right-of-use assets	$	256	$	315
Operating lease liabilities, current portion	$	130	$	161
Operating lease liabilities, non-current portion		126		154
Total operating lease liabilities	$	256	$	315

Operating leases	Three Months Ended December 31, 2023		Three Months Ended December 31, 2022
Operating lease cost	$	90	$	37

Future minimum lease payments under these leases as of December 31, 2023 are approximately as follows:

Fiscal year	Amount
Reminder of 2024	$	114
2025		116
2026		50
Total future minimum lease payments	$	280

Legal Proceedings

From time to time, in the ordinary course of business, we are subject to litigation and regulatory examinations as well as information gathering requests, inquiries and investigations. As of December 31, 2023, there were no matters which would have a material impact on our financial results.

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Subsequent Events

3 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Subsequent Events [Abstract]

Subsequent Events

NOTE 8: Subsequent Events

On December 11, 2023, we have registered an aggregate of 6,000,000 shares of Class B common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, which are reserved for issuance under the Richtech Robotics Inc. Employee Stock Option Plan (“ESOP”). The ESOP is expected to be granted and effective in March 2024.

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Accounting Policies, by Policy (Policies)

3 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Basis of Presentation

Basis of Presentation

These financial statements and accompanying notes have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”), pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Use of Estimates

Use of Estimates

The preparation of the financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the dates of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Segment Reporting

Segment Reporting

Operating segments are identified as components of an enterprise about which separate financial information is available for evaluation by the chief operating decision-maker in making decisions regarding resource allocation and assessing performance. We view our operations and manage our business as one operating segment.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and Cash Equivalents

We consider all highly liquid investments purchased with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents. We place our cash and cash equivalents in highly liquid instruments with, and in the custody of, financial institutions with high credit ratings.

Accounts Receivable

Accounts Receivable

Accounts receivables primarily consist of trade receivables presented net of rebates, price protection and an allowance for credit loss. Accounts receivable also include unbilled receivables, which primarily represent work completed on development services recognized as revenue but not yet invoiced to customers and semi-custom products under non-cancellable purchase orders that have no alternative use to the Company at contract inception, for which revenue has been recognized but not yet invoiced to customers. All unbilled accounts receivables are expected to be billed and collected within twelve months.

We manage our exposure to customer credit risk through credit limits, credit lines, ongoing monitoring procedures and credit approvals. Furthermore, we perform in-depth credit evaluations of all new customers and, at intervals, for existing customers. From this, we may require letters of credit, bank or corporate guarantees or advance payments if deemed necessary. We maintain an allowance for credit loss, consisting of known specific troubled accounts as well as an amount based on historical experience and current credit assessments. The amount of allowance for doubtful accounts were $165 as of December 31, 2023 and $333 as of September 30, 2023, respectively. We do not believe the receivable balance from its customers represents a significant credit risk.

Inventories

Inventories

We employ a standard cost valuation approach for our inventory, with adjustments to align with the lower of cost or estimated net realizable value. This estimate considers future demand and market conditions to ensure accurate representation. In determining excess or obsolescence reserves for its products, we consider assumptions such as changes in business and economic conditions, other-than-temporary decreases in demand for its products, and changes in technology or customer requirements The net realizable value adjustments are informed by recent historical sales activity and selling prices, alongside future price estimations. We fully reserve for inventories and non-cancellable purchase orders for inventory deemed obsolete. We actively manage inventory risk through regular reviews and comparisons of stock levels with anticipated demand. This proactive approach allows for early identification of excess inventory, enabling us to implement corrective actions such as promotional offers. Additionally, we maintain close collaboration with suppliers to ensure inventory acquisition aligns with our actual needs and timing.  

Inventory as of December 31, 2023 and September 30, 2023 are as follows:

	December 31, 2023		September 30, 2023
Raw materials	$	112	$	164
Finished goods		542		658
Total inventories	$	654	$	822

Property, and Equipment, net

Property, and Equipment, net

Property and equipment, net, is stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization and is depreciated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets. Estimated useful lives of equipment is two to six years, and leasehold improvements are measured by the shorter of the remaining terms of the leases or the estimated useful economic lives of the improvements.

Property and equipment as of December 31, 2023 and September 30, 2023 are as follows:

	December 31, 2023			September 30, 2023
Furniture, fixtures & equipment	$	63		$	63
Leasehold improvements		4			4
		67			67
Accumulated depreciation		(43	)		(39	)
Property and equipment, net	$	24		$	28

Depreciation expense for the three months ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 was $4 and $11, respectively.

Stockholders’ Equity

Stockholders’ Equity

According to ASC 505-10-S99-4, changes in the capital structure of a reporting entity due to a stock dividend, stock split or reverse split occurring after the date of the latest reported balance sheet but before the release of the financial statements (or the effective date of the registration statement, whichever is later) should be given retroactive effect in the balance sheet. In such cases, appropriate disclosure should be made of the retrospective treatment and the date the change became effective. For our Statements of Stockholders’ Equity, par value per share and the number of shares has been retrospectively restated for the related period in connection with our 4-for-1 forward stock split and concurrent re-designation of our common stock into Class A and Class B common stock in October 2022.

In accounting for the conversion of member units into common stock, we followed the relevant accounting guidance provided by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) in accordance with GAAP. According to ASC 805-50-15-6, an entity charters a newly formed entity and then transfers some or all of its net assets to that newly chartered entity is an example of common-control transactions. ASC 805-50-15-6 provides guidance on common control transactions, stating that such transactions involve transfers between entities under common control, where the control is not transitory. In the case of the conversion of member units into common stock, the entities involved are under common control by the same parent entity. This relationship satisfies the criteria for a common control transaction, as control is not transitory and the parent entity exercises significant influence over the entities involved. Financial statements reflect the members’ equity and that the reclassification of members’ equity during fiscal 2022 to paid-in-capital is properly accounted for, in accordance with ASC 805-50-45-4 and SAB Topic 4.B by analogy.

Revenue Recognition

Revenue Recognition

Our revenue recognition policy adheres to the principle of recognizing revenue when the promised goods or services are transferred to customers, at an amount reflecting the consideration we expect to receive. This principle aligns with the five-step model outlined in the accounting standard ASC 606 , we perform the following steps: (i) identification of the promised goods or services in the contract; (ii) determination of whether the promised goods or services are performance obligations, including whether they are distinct in the context of the contract; (iii) measurement of the transaction price, including the constraint on variable consideration; (iv) allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations; and (v) recognition of revenue when (or as) we satisfy each performance obligation. We only apply the five-step model to contracts when it is probable that we will collect the consideration we are entitled to in exchange for the goods or services we transfer to the customer.

Product Revenue

We generate revenue through the direct sale of its branded robotic products to customers. . We consider customer purchase orders, which in some cases are governed by master sales agreements, to be the contracts with our customers. Each contract establishes a single performance obligation: the delivery of our product in accordance with the specified payment and shipping terms. The entire transaction price is allocated to this single performance obligation. Product revenue is recognized upon the customer acquiring control of the product , which aligns with either the shipment or delivery date as stipulated in the contract.  

Other Revenue Policies

Sales, value add, and other taxes collected on behalf of third parties are excluded from revenue.

We do not assess whether a contract has a significant financing component if the expectation at contract inception is such that the period between payment by the customer and the transfer of the promised products to the customer will be one year or less, which is the case with substantially all customers.

We recognize the incremental costs of obtaining contracts as an expense when incurred if the amortization period of the assets that we otherwise would have recognized is one year or less. These costs are included in selling expenses.

We account for shipping and handling activities related to contracts with customers as costs to fulfill the promise to transfer the associated products. We record the related costs within cost of goods sold.

Disaggregation of Revenue

The following table sets forth revenue by product for the three months ended December 31, 2023 and 2022:

	Three months ended December 31,
	2023		2022
Robotics
Product revenue	$	187	$	613
Service revenue		799		232
Leasing revenue		13		91
Total Robotics revenue		999		936
Smart hardware		16		1
Interactive system		30		9
Cloutea*		61		—
Total revenue, net	$	1,106	$	946

Notes:

* Cloutea is the revenue generated from our boba tea store open in May 2023, in order to further develop our business model. This is our model store of interactive robot barista by utilizing our ADAM robot.

Research and Development Costs

Research and Development Costs

Research and development costs primarily consist of employee-related expenses, including salaries and benefits, facilities costs, depreciation, and other allocated expenses. Research and development costs are expensed as incurred.

Income Taxes

Income Taxes

The Company accounts for income taxes in accordance with income tax accounting guidance (Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 740, Income Taxes).  The income tax accounting guidance results in two components of income tax expense:  current and deferred.  Current income tax expense reflects taxes to be paid or refunded for the current period by applying the provisions of the enacted tax law to the taxable income or excess of deductions over revenues.  The Company determines deferred income taxes using the liability (or balance sheet) method. Under this method, the net deferred tax asset or liability is based on the tax effects of the differences between the book and tax bases of assets and liabilities, and enacted changes in tax rates and laws are recognized in the period in which they occur. Deferred income tax expense results from changes in deferred tax assets and liabilities between periods.  Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance if, based on the weight of evidence available, it is more likely than not some portion or all of a deferred tax asset will not be realized.   

Tax positions are recognized if it is more likely than not, based on the technical merits, the tax position will be realized or sustained upon examination. The term “more likely than not” means a likelihood of more than 50 percent; the terms examined and upon examination also include resolution of the related appeals or litigation processes, if any. A tax position that meets the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold is initially and subsequently measured as the largest amount of tax benefit that has a greater than 50 percent likelihood of being realized upon settlement with a taxing authority that has full knowledge of all relevant information. The determination of whether or not a tax position has met the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold considers the facts, circumstances and information available at the reporting date and is subject to management’s judgment. 

The Company recognizes interest and penalties on income taxes as a component of income tax expense. 

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In February 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2016-02, Leases (“Topic 842”). The guidance in this ASU supersedes the leasing guidance in Topic 840, Leases. Under the new guidance, lessees are required to recognize lease assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet for all leases with terms longer than 12 months. Leases will be classified as either finance or operating, with classification affecting the pattern of expense recognition in the statement of operations. The standard is effective for public business entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018. As an emerging growth company, we adopted the new standard on January 1, 2022. We had operating leases for which we were required to recognize a right-of-use asset and lease liability.

In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-12, Income Taxes (Topic 740), Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes, which amends the approaches and methodologies in accounting for income taxes during interim periods and makes changes to certain income tax classifications. The new standard allows certain exceptions, including an exception to the use of the incremental approach for intra-period tax allocation, when there is a loss from continuing operations and income or a gain from other items, and to the general methodology for calculating income taxes in an interim period, when a year-to-date loss exceeds the anticipated loss for the year. The standard also requires franchise or similar taxes partially based on income to be reported as income tax and to reflect the effects of enacted changes in tax laws or rates in the annual effective tax rate computation from the date of enactment. Lastly, in any future acquisition, we would be required to evaluate when the step-up in the tax basis of goodwill is part of the business combination and when it should be considered a separate transaction. The standard will be effective for us beginning January 1, 2022, with early adoption of the amendments permitted. The adoption of ASU 2019-12 did not have a material impact on our financial statements and disclosures.

In May 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2021-04, Earnings Per Share (Topic 260), Debt-Modifications and Extinguishments (Subtopic 470-50), Compensation-Stock Compensation (Topic 718), and Derivatives and Hedging-Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815- 40): Issuer’s Accounting for Certain Modifications or Exchanges of Freestanding Equity-Classified Written Call Options (“ASU 2021-04”). ASU 2021-04 provides guidance for a modification or an exchange of a freestanding equity-classified written call option that is not within the scope of another topic. ASU 2021-04 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2021. The Company has determined the adoption of ASU 2021-04 did not have a material impact on our financial statements and disclosures.

COVID-19

COVID-19

In March 2020, the World Health Organization declared the outbreak of a novel coronavirus (COVID-19) as a pandemic, which continues to spread throughout the United States. The COVID-19 pandemic has adversely impacted global commercial activity, disrupted supply chains and contributed to significant volatility in financial markets. Starting in 2020, and continuing through the date hereof, the COVID-19 pandemic continued to adversely impact many different industries. The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic could have a continued material impact on economic and market conditions and trigger a period of global economic slowdown. The rapid development and fluidity of this situation precludes any prediction as to the extent and the duration of the impact of COVID-19. The COVID-19 pandemic therefore presents material uncertainty and risk with respect to the Company and its performance and could affect its financial results in a materially adverse way. The Company has considered information available to it as of the date of issuance of these consolidated financial statements and is not aware of any specific events or circumstances that would require an update to its estimates or judgements, or an adjustment to the carrying value of its assets or liabilities. The accounting estimates and other matters assessed include, but were not limited to, long-lived assets and accrued expenses. These estimates may change as new events occur and additional information becomes available. Actual results could differ materially from these estimates. In response to the changing dynamics of the COVID-19 pandemic and endemic, the Company closely monitors the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommendations in order to react quickly with appropriate safety protocols. Management is continuing to monitor the effect of COVID-19 and intends to adjust its operational protocols as may be necessary.

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Schedule of Inventory

Inventory as of December 31, 2023 and September 30, 2023 are as follows:

	December 31, 2023		September 30, 2023
Raw materials	$	112	$	164
Finished goods		542		658
Total inventories	$	654	$	822

Schedule of Property and Equipment

Property and equipment as of December 31, 2023 and September 30, 2023 are as follows:

	December 31, 2023			September 30, 2023
Furniture, fixtures & equipment	$	63		$	63
Leasehold improvements		4			4
		67			67
Accumulated depreciation		(43	)		(39	)
Property and equipment, net	$	24		$	28

Schedule of Sets Forth Revenue

The following table sets forth revenue by product for the three months ended December 31, 2023 and 2022:

	Three months ended December 31,
	2023		2022
Robotics
Product revenue	$	187	$	613
Service revenue		799		232
Leasing revenue		13		91
Total Robotics revenue		999		936
Smart hardware		16		1
Interactive system		30		9
Cloutea*		61		—
Total revenue, net	$	1,106	$	946

* Cloutea is the revenue generated from our boba tea store open in May 2023, in order to further develop our business model. This is our model store of interactive robot barista by utilizing our ADAM robot.

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Earnings Per Share (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Schedule of Basic and Diluted Earnings Per Share

In addition, we have no outstanding stock options, warrants, convertible notes, and any other forms of convertible deferred compensation that could dilute basic earnings per share in the future as of December 31, 2023 and 2022.

	Three Months Ended December 31,
	2023			2022
Numerator:
Net loss attributable to common stockholders	$	(2,748	)	$	(1,202	)
Denominator:
Weighted average ordinary shares used in computing		64,309,409			62,000,846
Basic and diluted net loss per share (in each dollar)	$	(0.04	)	$	(0.02	)

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Related Parties and Related-Party Transactions (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Related Parties and Related Party Transactions [Abstract]

Schedule of Related Party Balances

We had the following related party balances:

	Relationship	Notes	As of December 31, 2023		As of September 30, 2023
Amounts due from related parties:
Uplus Academy LLC	a	(i)		116		118
Uplus Academy NLV LLC	a	(i)		16		16
Zhenwu Huang	b	(v)		31		—
				163		134

	Relationship	Notes	As of December 31, 2023		As of September 30, 2023
Amounts due to related parties:
Bison Systems LLC	a	(ii)		85		85
Zhenwu Huang	b	(iii)		—		113
Phil Zheng	b	(iv)		—		40
				85		238

(i) Uplus Academy LLC and Uplus Academy NLV LLC were both subsidiaries of Richtech, and were disposed on December 31, 2021. Richtech has been making interest-free and non-maturity loans to both companies since their inceptions. On December 31, 2021, Uplus Academy LLC and Uplus Academy NLV LLC, subsidiaries of Richtech have been disposed to Zhenwu Huang, CEO and controlling stockholder of Richtech, to pay off part of Zhenwu Huang’s earlier loans to Richtech. The transaction price for Uplus Academy LLC and Uplus Academy NLV LLC were $120 and $7, respectively.

(ii) Bison Systems LLC was 100% owned by Zhenwu Huang, CEO and controlling stockholder of Richtech and Zhenqiang Huang, CFO and major stockholder of Richtech. In 2022 and 2023, Bison Systems LLC made several interest-free and non-maturity loans to Richtech to support its daily operation.

(iii) Zhenwu Huang, CEO and controlling stockholder of Richtech, made multiple interest-free and non-maturity loans to Richtech since the inception of the business to support Richtech’s operation. As of December 31, 2023, Richtech has paid off the remaining balance to Zhenwu Huang.

(iv) Phil Zheng has served as Richtech’s COO since February 2020. Phil made an interest-free and non-maturity loans to Richtech in May 2023. As of December 31, 2023, Richtech has paid off the remaining balance to Phil Zheng.

(v) We made an interest-free and non-maturity loans for the amount of $31 to Zhenwu Huang, CEO and controlling shareholder of Richtech in December 2023.

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Commitments and Contingencies (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Commitments and Contingencies [Abstract]

Schedule of Leases and Lease Costs

The components of leases and lease costs are as follows:

Operating leases	As of December 31, 2023		As of September 30, 2022
Operating lease right-of-use assets	$	256	$	315
Operating lease liabilities, current portion	$	130	$	161
Operating lease liabilities, non-current portion		126		154
Total operating lease liabilities	$	256	$	315

Schedule of Operating Lease Cost

Operating leases	Three Months Ended December 31, 2023		Three Months Ended December 31, 2022
Operating lease cost	$	90	$	37

Schedule of Future Minimum Lease Payments

Future minimum lease payments under these leases as of December 31, 2023 are approximately as follows:

Fiscal year	Amount
Reminder of 2024	$	114
2025		116
2026		50
Total future minimum lease payments	$	280

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Nature of Business (Details) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)
Nature of Business [Abstract]
Gross revenue	$ 1,235.0
Non affiliates exceeds	700.0
Non convertible debt securities	$ 1,000.0

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($)
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details) [Line Items]
Operating segment	1
Maturity days	3 months
Allowance for doubtful accounts	$ 165		$ 333
Depreciation expense	$ 4	$ 11
Forward stock split	4-for-1
Percentage of tax positions	50.00%
Percentage of tax benefit	50.00%
Leases terms	12 months
Minimum [Member]
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details) [Line Items]
Estimated useful lives of equipment, term	2 years
Maximum [Member]
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details) [Line Items]
Estimated useful lives of equipment, term	6 years

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details) - Schedule of Inventory - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023	Sep. 30, 2023
Schedule of Inventory [Abstract]
Raw materials	$ 112	$ 164
Finished goods	542	658
Total inventories	$ 654	$ 822

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details) - Schedule of Property and Equipment - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023	Sep. 30, 2023
Schedule of Property and Equipment [Abstract]
Furniture, fixtures & equipment	$ 63	$ 63
Leasehold improvements	4	4
Property and equipment, gross	67	67
Accumulated depreciation	(43)	(39)
Property and equipment, net	$ 24	$ 28

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details) - Schedule of Sets Forth Revenue - USD ($) $ in Thousands		3 Months Ended
		Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue, net		$ 1,106	$ 946
Product Revenue [Member]
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue, net		187	613
Service Revenue [Member]
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue, net		799	232
Leasing Revenue [Member]
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue, net		13	91
Total Robotics Revenue [Member]
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue, net		999	936
Smart Hardware [Member]
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue, net		16	1
Interactive System [Member]
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue, net		30	9
Cloutea [Member]
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue, net	[1]	$ 61

[1] Cloutea is the revenue generated from our boba tea store open in May 2023, in order to further develop our business model. This is our model store of interactive robot barista by utilizing our ADAM robot.

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Earnings Per Share (Details) - Schedule of Basic and Diluted Earnings Per Share - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Numerator:
Net loss attributable to common stockholders	$ (2,748)	$ (1,202)
Denominator:
Weighted average ordinary shares used in computing	64,309,409	62,000,846
Basic and diluted net loss per share (in each dollar)	$ (0.04)	$ (0.02)

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Earnings Per Share (Details) - Schedule of Basic and Diluted Earnings Per Share (Parentheticals) - $ / shares	3 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Schedule of Basic and Diluted Earnings Per Share [Abstract]
Diluted net loss per share (in each dollar)	$ (0.04)	$ (0.02)

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Income Taxes (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Income Taxes [Abstract]
U.S. federal statutory tax rate	21.00%	21.00%
Income tax benefit of expense

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Short-Term Loan (Details) - Short-term Loan [Member] $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)
Short-Term Loan [Line Items]
Total principal amount	$ 1,853
Short-term loan	$ 50

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Related Parties and Related-Party Transactions (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2021
Uplus Academy LLC [Member]
Related Parties and Related-Party Transactions (Details) [Line Items]
Transaction price cost		$ 120
Uplus Academy NLV LLC [Member]
Related Parties and Related-Party Transactions (Details) [Line Items]
Transaction price cost		$ 7
Related Party [Member]
Related Parties and Related-Party Transactions (Details) [Line Items]
Non-maturity loans	$ 31
Related Party [Member] | Zhenwu Huang [Member]
Related Parties and Related-Party Transactions (Details) [Line Items]
Ownership percentage	100.00%

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Related Parties and Related-Party Transactions (Details) - Schedule of Related Party Balances - USD ($) $ in Thousands		Dec. 31, 2023	Sep. 30, 2023
Amounts due from related parties:
Amounts due from related parties		$ 163	$ 134
Amounts due to related parties:
Amounts due to related parties		85	238
Uplus Academy LLC [Member]
Amounts due from related parties:
Amounts due from related parties	[1]	116	118
Uplus Academy NLV LLC [Member]
Amounts due from related parties:
Amounts due from related parties	[1]	16	16
Zhenwu Huang [Member]
Amounts due from related parties:
Amounts due from related parties	[2]	31
Amounts due to related parties:
Amounts due to related parties	[3]		113
Bison Systems LLC [Member]
Amounts due to related parties:
Amounts due to related parties	[4]	85	85
Phil Zheng [Member]
Amounts due to related parties:
Amounts due to related parties	[5]		$ 40

[1] Uplus Academy LLC and Uplus Academy NLV LLC were both subsidiaries of Richtech, and were disposed on December 31, 2021. Richtech has been making interest-free and non-maturity loans to both companies since their inceptions. On December 31, 2021, Uplus Academy LLC and Uplus Academy NLV LLC, subsidiaries of Richtech have been disposed to Zhenwu Huang, CEO and controlling stockholder of Richtech, to pay off part of Zhenwu Huang’s earlier loans to Richtech. The transaction price for Uplus Academy LLC and Uplus Academy NLV LLC were $120 and $7, respectively.

[2] We made an interest-free and non-maturity loans for the amount of $31 to Zhenwu Huang, CEO and controlling shareholder of Richtech in December 2023.

[3] Zhenwu Huang, CEO and controlling stockholder of Richtech, made multiple interest-free and non-maturity loans to Richtech since the inception of the business to support Richtech’s operation. As of December 31, 2023, Richtech has paid off the remaining balance to Zhenwu Huang.

[4] Bison Systems LLC was 100% owned by Zhenwu Huang, CEO and controlling stockholder of Richtech and Zhenqiang Huang, CFO and major stockholder of Richtech. In 2022 and 2023, Bison Systems LLC made several interest-free and non-maturity loans to Richtech to support its daily operation.

[5] Phil Zheng has served as Richtech’s COO since February 2020. Phil made an interest-free and non-maturity loans to Richtech in May 2023. As of December 31, 2023, Richtech has paid off the remaining balance to Phil Zheng.

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Commitments and Contingencies (Details) - Schedule of Leases and Lease Costs - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Schedule of Leases and Lease Costs [Abstract]
Operating lease right-of-use assets	$ 256	$ 315	$ 315
Operating lease liabilities, current portion	130	161	161
Operating lease liabilities, non-current portion	126	$ 154	154
Total operating lease liabilities	$ 256		$ 315

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Commitments and Contingencies (Details) - Schedule of Operating Lease Cost - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Schedule of Operating Lease Cost [Abstract]
Operating lease cost	$ 90	$ 37

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Commitments and Contingencies (Details) - Schedule of Future Minimum Lease Payments $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)
Schedule of Future Minimum Lease Payments [Abstract]
Reminder of 2024	$ 114
2025	116
2026	50
Total future minimum lease payments	$ 280

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Subsequent Events (Details) - Class B Common Stock [Member] - IPO [Member]	Dec. 11, 2023 $ / shares shares
Subsequent Events (Details) [Line Items]
Initial public offering shares issued | shares	6,000,000
Price per share | $ / shares	$ 0.0001