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Variable Interest Entities (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Variable Interest Entities [Abstract]

Schedule of significant types of variable interest entities by business segment

The following table summarizes the most significant types of Firm-sponsored VIEs by business segment. The Firm considers a “Firm-sponsored” VIE to include any entity where: (1) JPMorgan Chase is the primary beneficiary of the structure; (2) the VIE is used by JPMorgan Chase to securitize Firm assets; (3) the VIE issues financial instruments with the JPMorgan Chase name; or (4) the entity is a JPMorgan Chase–administered asset-backed commercial paper conduit.


Line of Business	Transaction Type	Activity	2022 Form 10-K page references
CCB	Credit card securitization trusts	Securitization of originated credit card receivables	pages 247-248
	Mortgage securitization trusts	Servicing and securitization of both originated and purchased residential mortgages	pages 248-250
CIB	Mortgage and other securitization trusts	Securitization of both originated and purchased residential and commercial mortgages, and other consumer loans	pages 248-250
	Multi-seller conduits	Assisting clients in accessing the financial markets in a cost-efficient manner and structuring transactions to meet investor needs	page 250
	Municipal bond vehicles	Financing of municipal bond investments	pages 250-251

Firm-sponsored mortgage and other consumer securitization trusts

The following tables present the total unpaid principal amount of assets held in Firm-sponsored private-label securitization entities, including those in which the Firm has continuing involvement, and those that are consolidated by the Firm. Continuing involvement includes servicing the loans, holding senior interests or subordinated interests (including amounts required to be held pursuant to credit risk retention rules), recourse or guarantee arrangements, and derivative contracts. In certain instances, the Firm’s only continuing involvement is servicing the loans. The Firm’s maximum loss exposure from retained and purchased interests is the carrying value of these interests.


	Principal amount outstanding						JPMorgan Chase interest in securitized assets in nonconsolidated VIEs(c)(d)(e)
December 31, 2022 (in millions)	Total assets held by securitization VIEs		Assets held in consolidated securitization VIEs		Assets held in nonconsolidated securitization VIEs with continuing involvement		Trading assets		Investment securities		Other financial assets		Total interests held by JPMorgan Chase
Securitization-related(a)
Residential mortgage:
Prime/Alt-A and option ARMs	$	55,362	$	754	$	37,058	$	744	$	1,918	$	—	$	2,662
Subprime	9,709		—		1,743		10		—		—		10
Commercial and other(b)	164,915		—		127,037		888		5,373		670		6,931
Total	$	229,986	$	754	$	165,838	$	1,642	$	7,291	$	670	$	9,603


	Principal amount outstanding							JPMorgan Chase interest in securitized assets in nonconsolidated VIEs(c)(d)(e)
December 31, 2021 (in millions)	Total assets held by securitization VIEs		Assets held in consolidated securitization VIEs		Assets held in nonconsolidated securitization VIEs with continuing involvement			Trading assets		Investment securities		Other financial assets		Total interests held by JPMorgan Chase
Securitization-related(a)
Residential mortgage:
Prime/Alt-A and option ARMs	$	55,085	$	942	$	42,522	(f)	$	974	$	684	$	95	$	1,753
Subprime	10,966		27		10,115			2		—		—		2
Commercial and other(b)	150,694		—		93,698			671		3,274		506		4,451
Total	$	216,745	$	969	$	146,335		$	1,647	$	3,958	$	601	$	6,206

(a)Excludes U.S. GSEs and government agency securitizations and re-securitizations, which are not Firm-sponsored.

(b)Consists of securities backed by commercial real estate loans and non-mortgage-related consumer receivables.

(c)Excludes the following: retained servicing; securities retained from loan sales and securitization activity related to U.S. GSEs and government agencies; interest rate and foreign exchange derivatives primarily used to manage interest rate and foreign exchange risks of securitization entities; senior securities of $134 million and $145 million at December 31, 2022 and 2021,respectively, and subordinated securities which were not material at both December 31, 2022 and 2021, which the Firm purchased in connection with CIB’s secondary market-making activities.

(d)Includes interests held in re-securitization transactions.

(e)As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, 84% and 79%, respectively, of the Firm’s retained securitization interests, which are predominantly carried at fair value and include amounts required to be held pursuant to credit risk retention rules, were risk-rated “A” or better, on an S&P-equivalent basis. The retained interests in prime residential mortgages consisted of $2.6 billion and $1.6 billion of investment-grade retained interests at December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, and $131 million of noninvestment-grade retained interests at December 31, 2021; noninvestment-grade retained interests were not material at December 31, 2022. The retained interests in commercial and other securitization trusts consisted of $5.8 billion and $3.5 billion of investment-grade retained interests, and $1.1 billion and $929 million of noninvestment-grade retained interests at December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

(f)Prior-period amount has been revised to conform with the current presentation.

Schedule of re-securitizations

The following table presents the principal amount of securities transferred to re-securitization VIEs.


Year ended December 31, (in millions)	2022		2021		2020
Transfers of securities to VIEs
U.S. GSEs and government agencies	$	16,128	$	53,923	$	46,123

The following table presents information on the Firm's interests in nonconsolidated re-securitization VIEs.


	Nonconsolidated re-securitization VIEs
December 31, (in millions)	2022		2021
U.S. GSEs and government agencies
Interest in VIEs	$	2,580	$	1,947

Information on assets and liabilities related to VIEs that are consolidated by the Firm

The following table presents information on assets and liabilities related to VIEs consolidated by the Firm as of December 31, 2022 and 2021.


	Assets									Liabilities
December 31, 2022 (in millions)	Trading assets		Loans			Other(c)		Total assets(d)		Beneficial interests in VIE assets(e)		Other(f)		Total liabilities
VIE program type
Firm-sponsored credit card trusts	$	—	$	9,699		$	100	$	9,799	$	1,999	$	2	$	2,001
Firm-administered multi-seller conduits	—		22,819			170		22,989		9,236		39		9,275
Municipal bond vehicles	2,089		—			7		2,096		1,232		10		1,242
Mortgage securitization entities(a)	—		781			10		791		143		67		210
Other	62		1,112		(b)	263		1,437		—		161		161
Total	$	2,151	$	34,411		$	550	$	37,112	$	12,610	$	279	$	12,889

	Assets									Liabilities
December 31, 2021 (in millions)	Trading assets		Loans			Other(c)		Total assets(d)		Beneficial interests in VIE assets(e)		Other(f)		Total liabilities
VIE program type
Firm-sponsored credit card trusts	$	—	$	11,108		$	102	$	11,210	$	2,397	$	1	$	2,398
Firm-administered multi-seller conduits	1		19,883			71		19,955		6,198		41		6,239
Municipal bond vehicles	2,009		—			2		2,011		1,976		—		1,976
Mortgage securitization entities(a)	—		955			32		987		179		85		264
Other	—		1,078		(b)	283		1,361		—		118		118
Total	$	2,010	$	33,024		$	490	$	35,524	$	10,750	$	245	$	10,995

(a)Includes residential mortgage securitizations.

(b)Primarily includes purchased supply chain finance receivables and purchased auto loan securitizations in CIB.

(c)Includes assets classified as cash and other assets on the Consolidated balance sheets.

(d)The assets of the consolidated VIEs included in the program types above are used to settle the liabilities of those entities. The assets and liabilities include third-party assets and liabilities of consolidated VIEs and exclude intercompany balances that eliminate in consolidation.

(e)The interest-bearing beneficial interest liabilities issued by consolidated VIEs are classified in the line item on the Consolidated balance sheets titled, “Beneficial interests issued by consolidated VIEs”. The holders of these beneficial interests generally do not have recourse to the general credit of JPMorgan Chase. Included in beneficial interests in VIE assets are long-term beneficial interests of $2.1 billion and $2.6 billion at December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

(f)Includes liabilities classified as accounts payable and other liabilities on the Consolidated balance sheets.

Securitization activities

The following table provides information related to the Firm’s securitization activities for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, related to assets held in Firm-sponsored securitization entities that were not consolidated by the Firm, and where sale accounting was achieved at the time of the securitization.


	2022				2021				2020
Year ended December 31, (in millions)	Residential mortgage(d)		Commercial and other(e)		Residential mortgage(d)		Commercial and other(e)		Residential mortgage(d)		Commercial and other(e)
Principal securitized	$	10,218	$	9,036	$	23,876	$	14,917	$	7,103	$	6,624
All cash flows during the period:(a)
Proceeds received from loan sales as financial instruments(b)(c)	$	9,783	$	8,921	$	24,450	$	15,044	$	7,321	$	6,865
Servicing fees collected	62		2		153		1		211		1
Cash flows received on interests	489		285		578		273		801		239

(a)Excludes re-securitization transactions.

(b)Predominantly includes Level 2 assets.

(c)The carrying value of the loans accounted for at fair value approximated the proceeds received upon loan sale.

(d)Represents prime mortgages. Excludes loan securitization activity related to U.S. GSEs and government agencies.

(e)Includes commercial mortgage and other consumer loans.

Key assumptions used to value retained interests originated during the year are shown in the table below.


Year ended December 31,	2022		2021		2020
Residential mortgage retained interest:
Weighted-average life (in years)	10.8		3.9		4.7
Weighted-average discount rate	4.0	%	3.3	%	8.2	%
Commercial mortgage retained interest:
Weighted-average life (in years)	5.9		6.0		6.9
Weighted-average discount rate	2.9	%	1.2	%	3.0	%

Summary of loan sale activities

The following table summarizes the activities related to loans sold to the U.S. GSEs, and loans in securitization transactions pursuant to Ginnie Mae guidelines.


Year ended December 31, (in millions)	2022		2021		2020
Carrying value of loans sold	$	48,891	$	105,035	$	81,153
Proceeds received from loan sales as cash	$	22	$	161	$	45
Proceeds from loan sales as securities(a)(b)	48,096		103,286		80,186
Total proceeds received from loan sales(c)	$	48,118	$	103,447	$	80,231
Gains/(losses) on loan sales(d)(e)	$	(25)	$	9	$	6

(a)Includes securities from U.S. GSEs and Ginnie Mae that are generally sold shortly after receipt or retained as part of the Firm’s investment securities portfolio.

(b)Included in level 2 assets.

(c)Excludes the value of MSRs retained upon the sale of loans.

(d)Gains/(losses) on loan sales include the value of MSRs.

(e)The carrying value of the loans accounted for at fair value approximated the proceeds received upon loan sale.

Schedule of loans repurchased and options to repurchase delinquent loans

The following table presents loans the Firm repurchased or had an option to repurchase, real estate owned, and foreclosed government-guaranteed residential mortgage loans recognized on the Firm’s Consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2022 and 2021. Substantially all of these loans and real estate are insured or guaranteed by U.S. government agencies.


December 31, (in millions)	2022		2021
Loans repurchased or option to repurchase(a)	$	839	$	1,022
Real estate owned	10		5
Foreclosed government-guaranteed residential mortgage loans(b)	27		36

(a)Predominantly all of these amounts relate to loans that have been repurchased from Ginnie Mae loan pools.

(b)Relates to voluntary repurchases of loans, which are included in accrued interest and accounts receivable.

Information about delinquencies, net charge-offs, and components of off-balance sheet securitized financial assets

The table below includes information about components of and delinquencies related to nonconsolidated securitized financial assets held in Firm-sponsored private-label securitization entities, in which the Firm has continuing involvement as of December 31, 2022 and 2021.


As of or for the year ended December 31, (in millions)	Securitized assets					90 days past due					Net liquidation losses / (recoveries)
	2022		2021			2022		2021			2022		2021
Securitized loans
Residential mortgage:
Prime/ Alt-A & option ARMs	$	37,058	$	42,522	(a)	$	511	$	1,937	(a)	$	(29)	$	16	(a)
Subprime	1,743		10,115			212		1,609			(1)		16
Commercial and other	127,037		93,698			948		1,456			50		288
Total loans securitized	$	165,838	$	146,335		$	1,671	$	5,002		$	20	$	320

(a)Prior-period amounts have been revised to conform with the current presentation.

- Definition

Tabular disclosure of the significant judgments and assumptions made in determining whether a variable interest (as defined) held by the entity requires the variable interest entity (VIE) (as defined) to be consolidated and (or) disclose information about its involvement with the VIE, individually or in aggregate (as applicable); the nature of restrictions, if any, on the consolidated VIE's assets and on the settlement of its liabilities reported by an entity in its statement of financial position, including the carrying amounts of such assets and liabilities; the nature of, and changes in, the risks associated with involvement in the VIE; how involvement with the VIE affects the entity's financial position, financial performance, and cash flows; the lack of recourse if creditors (or beneficial interest holders) of the consolidated VIE have no recourse to the general credit of the primary beneficiary (if applicable); the terms of arrangements, giving consideration to both explicit arrangements and implicit variable interests, if any, that could require the entity to provide financial support to the VIE, including events or circumstances that could expose the entity to a loss; the methodology used by the entity for determining whether or not it is the primary beneficiary of the variable interest entity; the significant factors considered and judgments made in determining that the power to direct the activities of a VIE that most significantly impact the VIE's economic performance are shared (as defined); the carrying amounts and classification of assets and liabilities of the VIE included in the statement of financial position; the entity's maximum exposure to loss, if any, as a result of its involvement with the VIE, including how the maximum exposure is determined and significant sources of the entity's exposure to the VIE; a comparison of the carrying amounts of the assets and liabilities and the entity's maximum exposure to loss; information about any liquidity arrangements, guarantees, and (or) other commitments by third parties that may affect the fair value or risk of the entity's variable interest in the VIE; whether or not the entity has provided financial support or other support (explicitly or implicitly) to the VIE that it was not previously contractually required to provide or whether the entity intends to provide that support, including the type and amount of the support and the primary reasons for providing the support; and supplemental information the entity determines necessary to provide.

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