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Investments in Qualified Affordable Housing Projects and Historic Projects
 3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2021
Schedule of Investments [Abstract]  
Investments in Qualified Affordable Housing Projects and Historic Projects Investments in Qualified Affordable Housing Projects and Historic Projects
The Corporation invests in qualified affordable housing projects and historic projects for the purposes of community reinvestment and to obtain tax credits. Return on the Corporation's investment in these projects comes in the form of pass-through tax credits and tax losses. The carrying value of the investments is included in other assets. The Corporation primarily utilizes the proportional amortization method to account for investments in qualified affordable housing projects and the equity method to account for investments in other tax credit projects.

Under the proportional amortization method, the Corporation amortizes the initial cost of the investment in proportion to the tax credits and other tax benefits. The Corporation recognized amortization expense of investments in qualified affordable housing projects of $5.9 million and $5.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. Amortization expense was more than offset by tax credits and other tax benefits of $7.9 million and $6.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The Corporation's remaining investment in qualified affordable housing projects totaled $222.1 million and $214.3 million at March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively.

Under the equity method, the Corporation's share of the earnings or losses is included in other noninterest expense. The Corporation's remaining investment in historic projects and Ohio historic preservation tax credits totaled $50.2 million and $48.6 million at March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively. During the three months ended March 31, 2021, $0.6 million of income tax benefit was recognized due to the federal historic tax credits, which was partially offset by amortization expense, inclusive of impairment, of $0.5 million. During the three months ended March 31, 2020, $0.3 million of income tax benefit was recognized due to the federal historic tax credits, which was partially offset by amortization expense, inclusive of impairment, of $0.2 million. During the three months ended March 31, 2020, state tax credits, inclusive of impairment, totaled $0.4 million.

The Corporation's unfunded equity contributions relating to investments in qualified affordable housing projects and historic projects are included in other liabilities. The Corporation's remaining unfunded equity contributions totaled $109.4 million and $107.4 million at March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively.

Management analyzes these investments for potential impairment when events or changes in circumstances indicate that it is more-likely-than-not that the carrying amount of the investment will not be realized. An impairment loss is measured as the amount by which the carrying amount of an investment exceeds its fair value.
Investments in qualified affordable housing projects and historic projects are considered VIEs because TCF, as a limited partner, lacks the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the entities' economic performance. TCF has concluded it is not the primary beneficiary and therefore, they are not consolidated. The maximum exposure to loss on the VIE investments is limited to the carrying amount of the investments and the potential recapture of any recognized tax credits. TCF believes the likelihood of the tax credits being recaptured is remote, as a loss would only take place if the managing entity failed to meet certain government compliance requirements. Further, certain of TCF's investments in affordable housing limited liability entities include guaranteed minimum returns which are backed by an investment grade credit-rated company, which reduces the risk of loss.