As filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission on October 31, 2023

Registration No. 333-

UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549

__________________________________________

FORM F-1
REGISTRATION STATEMENT
UNDER
THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933

__________________________________________

BAIYA INTERNATIONAL GROUP INC.

(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)

__________________________________________

Not Applicable

(Translation of Registrant’s name into English)

__________________________________________

Cayman Islands		7370		N/A
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)		(Primary Standard Industrial Classification Code Number)		(I.R.S. Employer Identification Number)

Yifang Capital Industrial Park
No. 33 Pingshan Industrial Road, Building A, 16F
Tangxia, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
Tel: +86 0769-88785888
(Address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of registrant’s principal executive offices)

__________________________________________

COGENCY GLOBAL INC.
122 East 42nd Street, 18th Floor
New York, NY 10168
Tel: 212-947-7200
(Name, address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of agent for service)

__________________________________________

Copy to:

John P. Yung, Esq.
Daniel B. Eng, Esq.
Lewis Brisbois Bisgaard & Smith LLP
45 Fremont Street, Suite 3000
San Francisco, CA 94105
Telephone No.: (415) 362-2580

Fang Liu, Esq.
VCL Law LLP
1945 Old Gallows Road, Suite 260
Vienna, VA 22182
Tel: (301)760-7393

__________________________________________

Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale to the public: As soon as practicable after the effective date of this Registration Statement.

If any of the securities being registered on this Form are to be offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, check the following box. ☒

If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, please check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ☐

If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ☐

If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(d) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an emerging growth company as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act of 1933.

Emerging growth company

☒

If an emerging growth company that prepares its financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards† provided pursuant to Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act. ☐

____________

† The term “new or revised financial accounting standard” refers to any update issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board to its Accounting Standards Codification after April 5, 2012.

The registrant hereby amends this registration statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the registrant shall file a further amendment, which specifically states that this registration statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a) of the Securities Act, or until this registration statement shall become effective on such date as the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, acting pursuant to Section 8(a) of the Securities Act, may determine.

Table of Contents

The information in this prospectus is not complete and may be changed. These securities may not be sold until the registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is declared effective. This preliminary prospectus is not an offer to sell these securities, and we are not soliciting offers to buy these securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale of these securities is not permitted.

SUBJECT TO COMPLETION, DATED October 31, 2023

PRELIMINARY PROSPECTUS

BAIYA INTERNATIONAL GROUP INC.

3,000,000 Ordinary Shares

This is a firm commitment public offering of 3,000,000 Ordinary Shares of Baiya International Group Inc., an exempted company with limited liability incorporated under the laws of the Cayman Islands. Prior to this offering, there has been no public market for our Ordinary Shares. We anticipate that the initial public offering price of our shares will be between $4.00 and $6.00.

We are an “emerging growth company” under applicable U.S. federal securities laws and are eligible for reduced public company reporting requirements.

We intend to apply to list our Ordinary Shares on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “BIYA”. We cannot guarantee that we will be successful in listing our Ordinary Shares on the Nasdaq; however, we will not complete this offering unless we are so listed.

We may amend or supplement this prospectus from time to time by filing amendments or supplements as required. You should read this entire prospectus and any amendments or supplements carefully before you make your investment decision.

Investing in our Ordinary Shares involves a high degree of risk, including the risk of losing your entire investment. Before making any decision to invest in our Ordinary Shares, you should carefully consider the information disclosed under “Risk Factors” beginning on page 24 of this prospectus.

We are not a Chinese operating company, but an offshore holding company incorporated in the Cayman Islands. As a holding company with no material operations of our own, we conduct all of our operations in China through a variable interest entity, or “VIE”, Shenzhen Gongwuyuan Network Technology Co., Ltd. (“Gongwuyuan”), and its subsidiaries, or collectively, the “PRC operating entities.” We entered into a series of agreements date December 29, 2021 (the “Contractual Arrangements”) with the VIE and certain shareholders of Gongwuyuan, and this structure involves unique risks to investors. Neither we nor our subsidiaries own any equity interests in the PRC operating entities under the VIE structure.

Unless specifically described otherwise, as used in this prospectus and in the context of describing our consolidated financial information, the terms “we,” “us,” “our company,” “our”, and “Group” refer to Baiya International Group Inc., a Cayman Islands holding company, its subsidiaries, the VIE and its subsidiaries in China, as the context requires.

This is an offering of the Ordinary Shares of the offshore holding company, Baiya, instead of shares of the VIE or any of the PRC operating entities; therefore, our investors may never directly hold equity interests in the PRC operating entities. You are not investing in the PRC operating entities. Neither we nor our subsidiaries own any share or equity interest in the PRC operating entities. Instead, we consolidate the financial results of the VIE as a primary beneficiary through the Contractual Arrangements between our wholly owned subsidiary entity, Shenzhen Pengze Future Technology Co., Ltd. (“Pengze WFOE”), Gongwuyuan, the VIE, and certain shareholders of Gongwuyuan. We are utilizing the VIE structure because some of the VIE’s businesses may be prohibited or restricted from direct foreign investment under Chinese law. As a result of Baiya’s indirect ownership in Pengze WFOE and the Contractual Arrangements, we treat the VIE and the VIE’s subsidiaries as our consolidated entities under U.S. GAAP, but we do not own equity interests in the VIE or its subsidiaries. We have consolidated the financial results of the VIE and the VIE’s subsidiaries in our consolidated financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP. See “Corporate History and Structure — Contractual Arrangements among Pengze WFOE, Gongwuyuan, and the Shareholders of the VIE” starting on page 97 for more information.

Table of Contents

limitations on foreign ownership, regulatory review of overseas listing of PRC companies through a special purpose vehicle, and the validity and enforcement of the Contractual Arrangements. We are also subject to the risks of uncertainty about any future actions of the PRC regulatory authorities in this regard that could disallow the VIE structure, which would likely result in a material change in our operations and/or cause the value of our Ordinary Shares to decrease significantly or become worthless. As of the date of this prospectus, the agreements under the Contractual Arrangements have not been tested in any court of law. For a description of the VIE contractual arrangements, see “Corporate History and Structure — Contractual Arrangements among Pengze WFOE, Gongwuyuan, and the Shareholders of the VIE” starting on page 97 of this prospectus.

See also “Risk Factors — Risks relating to the VIE Structure — The relevant PRC regulatory authorities may find that the Contractual Arrangements with the VIE and its shareholders to operate our business in China do not comply with applicable PRC Laws, or if these applicable PRC Laws or the interpretation of existing applicable PRC Laws change in the future, we could be subject to severe penalties or be forced to relinquish our interests in those operations. Additionally, such determination by the PRC regulatory authorities and changes or interpretations in PRC Laws, if occurred, may cause significant decline in the value of our shares, or even render our shares worthless; — We rely on Contractual Arrangements with the VIE and certain shareholders of the VIE to consolidate financial results of the PRC operating entities. We do not have an equity ownership in, direct foreign investment in, or control of, through such ownership or investment, the VIE” on page 37 to 38 of this prospectus.

We are subject to certain legal and operational risks associated with the VIE operations in China through the Contractual Arrangements. Additionally, PRC laws and regulations governing our current business operations sometimes involve uncertainty, and the change, application and interpretation of laws, regulations and economic policies applicable to our PRC operating entities and PRC subsidiaries could adversely affect us and limit the legal protections available to you and us. The PRC government may intervene or influence the operations of the PRC operating entities at any time, or may exert control over their operations, by enactment or implementation of laws, regulation or policies to further regulatory, political and societal goals, which could result in material change in our operations and/or cause the value of our Ordinary Shares to decrease significantly or become worthless. The Chinese regulatory authorities may strengthen the supervision of securities offering, listing and business operation of U.S. listed Chinese companies, which could significantly limit or completely hinder our ability to offer or continue to offer securities to investors and cause the value of such securities to significantly decline or be worthless.

Recent statements by the Chinese regulatory authorities have indicated an intent to strengthen the supervision of offerings that are conducted overseas and/or foreign investments in China based issuers. Any future action by the Chinese regulatory authorities expanding the categories of industries and companies whose foreign securities offerings are subject to government review could significantly limit or completely hinder our ability to offer or continue to offer securities to investors and could cause the value of such securities to significantly decline or be worthless. In addition, recently, the PRC regulatory authorities announced to step up supervision of Chinese companies listed offshore, including cracking down on illegal activities in the securities market, enhancing supervision over overseas listing of domestic enterprises, adopting new measures to extend the scope of cybersecurity reviews, and expanding efforts in anti-monopoly enforcement. On November 14, 2021, the Cyberspace Administration of China published the Administrative Regulations on Internet Data Security (Draft for Comment), or the “Administrative Regulations Draft”, which reiterates that data handlers that process the personal information of more than one million users listing in a foreign country should apply for a cybersecurity review. On December 28, 2021, the Measures for Cybersecurity Review (2021 version) was promulgated and became effective on February 15, 2022, which iterates that any online platform operators controlling personal information of more than one million users which seeks to list in a foreign stock exchange should be subject to cybersecurity review. On July 7, 2022, the Measures for the Security Assessment of Outbound Data Transfers, or the Measures, was published and became effective on September 1, 2022, which requires security assessment of outbound data transfers in cases, among others, outbound transfer of personal information by a critical information infrastructure operator or a personal information processor who has processed the personal information of more than one million people. We currently do not have over one million users’ personal information and do not anticipate that we will be collecting over one million users’ personal information in the foreseeable future. Further, the PRC operating entities’ business operations do not involve any critical information infrastructure, and neither we nor the PRC operating entities have received any notification from applicable PRC governmental authorities indicating that any of the PRC operating entities’ products or services are determined as critical information infrastructure. In light of the above, our PRC legal counsel, Jingtian & Gongcheng, is of the view that we are not subject to the cybersecurity review for this offering under the Measures for Cybersecurity Review (2021 version), the Administrative Regulations Draft if enacted as proposed or the Measures. As of the

Table of Contents

date of this prospectus, neither we nor the PRC operating entities have received any notification from applicable PRC governmental authorities indicating that we or our PRC operating entities shall file for a cybersecurity review. In addition, as of the date of this prospectus, neither we nor our PRC operating entities have been subject to any anti-monopoly investigation, penalty of litigation initiated by government authorities or third parties. Furthermore, we will continue to monitor for updates of applicable PRC anti-monopoly laws and regulations. Currently, these statements and regulatory actions have had no material impact on our daily business operations, the ability to accept foreign investments and list our securities on a U.S. or other foreign exchange. However, since these statements and regulatory actions are new, it is uncertain how soon legislative or administrative regulation making bodies will respond and what existing or new laws or regulations or detailed implementations and interpretations will be modified or promulgated, if any, and the potential impact such modified or new laws and regulations will have on our daily business operations, the ability to accept foreign investments and list our securities on a U.S. or other foreign exchange. We cannot assure you that relevant PRC government agencies would reach the same conclusion as we do or as advised by our PRC legal counsel. If we are subject to such a probe or if we are required to comply with stepped-up supervisory requirements, valuable time from our management and money may be expended in complying and/or responding to the probe and requirements, thus diverting valuable resources and attention away from our operations. This may, in turn, negatively impact our operations. See also “Risk Factors — Risks Relating to Doing Business in China — The Chinese regulatory authorities may strengthen the supervision of securities offering, listing and business operation of U.S. listed Chinese companies, and the PRC government may intervene or influence the operations of the PRC operating entities at any time, or may exert control over their operations, by enactment or implementation of laws, regulation or policies, which could result in a material change in our operations and significantly and adversely impact the value of the Ordinary Shares, including potentially causing the value of the Ordinary Shares to decline or be worthless; — PRC laws and regulations governing our current business operations sometimes involve uncertainty, and sudden or unexpected changes in laws and regulations in China applicable to us could adversely affect us and limit the legal protections available to you and us; — The PRC legal system is evolving, and the PRC laws and regulations governing our current business operations may be updated and amended from time to time which could adversely affect us; — The approval of the China Securities Regulatory Commission or other PRC regulatory agencies may be required in connection with this registration under PRC law.”

On February 17, 2023, the CSRC issued the Trial Administrative Measures of Overseas Securities Offering and Listing by Domestic Companies (the “Trial Administrative Measures”) and relevant supporting guidelines (collectively, the “New Administrative Rules Regarding Overseas Listings”), which became effective on March 31, 2023. According to the New Administrative Rules Regarding Overseas Listings, among other things, a domestic company in the PRC that seeks to offer and list securities in overseas markets shall fulfill the filing procedure with the CSRC. When a domestic company seeks to directly offer and list securities in overseas markets, the issuer shall file with the CSRC. When a domestic company seeks to indirectly offer and list securities in overseas markets, the issuer shall designate a major domestic operating entity, which shall, as the domestic responsible entity, file with the CSRC. Initial public offerings or listings in overseas markets shall be filed with the CSRC within 3 working days after the relevant application is submitted overseas.

The required filing materials with the CSRC include (without limitation): (i) record-filing reports and related undertakings, (ii) compliance certificates, filing or approval documents from the primary regulators of applicants’ businesses (if applicable), (iii) security assessment opinions issued by related departments (if applicable), (iv) PRC legal opinions issued by domestic law firms (with related undertakings), and (v) prospectus or listing documents.

In addition, under the New Administrative Rules Regarding Overseas Listings, a domestic company is prohibited from overseas offering and listing if any of the following circumstances is involved: (1) where such securities offering and listing is explicitly prohibited by provisions in laws, administrative regulations and relevant state rules; (2) where the intended securities offering and listing may endanger national security as reviewed and determined by competent authorities under the State Council in accordance with law; (3) where the domestic company intending to make the securities offering and listing, or its controlling shareholders and the actual controller, have committed crimes such as corruption, bribery, embezzlement, misappropriation of property or undermining the order of the socialist market economy during the latest three years; (4) where the domestic company intending to make the securities offering and listing is suspected of committing crimes or major violations of laws and regulations, and is under investigation according to law, and no conclusion has yet been made thereof; and (5) where there are material ownership disputes over equity held by the domestic company’s controlling shareholder or by other shareholders that are controlled by the controlling shareholder and/or actual controller. Moreover, a domestic company that seeks to offer and list securities in overseas markets shall abide by certain other regulatory requirements as set out in the New Administrative Rules Regarding

Table of Contents

Overseas Listings, including without limitation to, compliance with national secrecy, foreign investment, cybersecurity, data security, cross-border investment and financing, foreign exchange, and other laws and relevant provisions. Though we believe that none of the situations that would clearly prohibit overseas offerings and listings applies to us, we cannot assure you that we will be able to receive clearance of such filing requirements in a timely manner, or at all.

Pursuant to the New Administrative Rules Regarding Overseas Listings and the Notice on the Arrangement for Filing-based Administration of Overseas Offering and Listing by Domestic Companies issued by the CSRC on February 17, 2023, we have to file with the CSRC in accordance with the Trial Administrative Measures with respect to this offering before listing in the U.S., which may materially delay the progress of the offer of our Ordinary Shares, or even completely hinder our ability to offer or continue to offer our Ordinary Shares if we fail to receive clearance of such filing requirements. Since the New Administrative Rules Regarding Overseas Listings are newly promulgated, and the interpretation and implementation thereof involves uncertainties, we cannot assure you that we will be able to complete the relevant filings in a timely manner or fulfil all the regulatory requirements thereunder.

On February 24, 2023, the CSRC promulgated the Provisions on Strengthening Confidentiality and Archives Administration of Overseas Securities Offering and Listing by Domestic Companies (the “Confidentiality and Archives Administration Provisions”), which also became effective on March 31, 2023. According to the Confidentiality and Archives Administration Provisions, domestic companies that seek overseas offering and listing (either in direct or indirect means) and the securities companies and securities service (either incorporated domestically or overseas) providers that undertake relevant businesses shall institute a sound confidentiality and archives administration system, and take necessary measures to fulfill confidentiality and archives administration obligations. They shall not leak any state secret or working secret of government agencies, or harm national security and public interests. Furthermore, a domestic company that provides accounting archives or copies of accounting archives to any entities, including securities companies, securities service providers and overseas regulators and individuals, shall fulfill due procedures in compliance with applicable regulations. Working papers produced in the mainland China by securities companies and securities service providers in the process of undertaking businesses related to overseas offering and listing by domestic companies shall be retained in mainland China. Where such documents need to be transferred or transmitted to areas outside of mainland China, relevant approval procedures stipulated by regulations shall be followed. We believe that this offering does not involve the leaking of any state secret or working secret of government agencies, or the harming of national security and public interests. However, we may be required to perform additional procedures in connection with the provision of accounting archives. The specific requirements of the relevant procedures are currently unclear and we cannot be certain whether we will be able to perform the relevant procedures.

Any failure of us to fully comply with new regulatory requirements may significantly limit or completely hinder our ability to offer or continue to offer our Ordinary Shares, cause significant disruption to our business operations, severely damage our reputation, materially and adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations and cause our Ordinary Shares to significantly decline in value or become worthless.

According to our PRC legal counsel, Jingtian & Gongcheng, under current effective PRC laws and regulations, apart from the filing procedure with the CSRC under the New Administrative Rules Regarding Overseas Listings, we and the PRC operating entities are currently not required to obtain permission from any of the PRC authorities to issue the Ordinary Shares to foreign investors. In addition, apart from the filing procedure with the CSRC under the New Administrative Rules Regarding Overseas Listings, we and the PRC operating entities are not required to obtain permission or approval from the PRC authorities including CSRC or CAC to issue the Ordinary Shares to foreign investors, nor have we, or the PRC operating entities, applied for or received any denial for registration. However, recently, the General Office of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the General Office of the State Council jointly issued the “Opinions on Severely Cracking Down on Illegal Securities Activities According to Law,” or the Opinions, which was made available to the public on July 6, 2021. The Opinions emphasized the need to strengthen the administration over illegal securities activities, and the need to strengthen the supervision over overseas listings by Chinese companies. Effective measures, such as promoting the construction of relevant regulatory systems will be taken to deal with the risks and incidents of China-concept overseas listed companies, and cybersecurity and data privacy protection requirements and similar matters. The Opinions and any related implementing rules to be

Table of Contents

enacted may subject us to compliance requirement in the future. Given some applicable laws and regulations were newly issued, there involve uncertainties regarding their interpretation and application, which can change quickly with little advance notice, we cannot assure you that relevant PRC government agencies would reach the same conclusion as we do or as advised by our PRC legal counsel. However, (i) if we inadvertently concluded that such permissions or approvals are not required, or (ii) if the Cyberspace Administration of China or other regulatory PRC agencies later promulgate new rules requiring that we obtain their approvals to issue the Ordinary Shares to foreign investors, and we are unable to obtain such approval in a timely manner or obtain a waiver of such approval requirements, then our operations, financial conditions, and results of operations could be adversely affected, directly or indirectly, and even we may not be able to list on a U.S. national securities exchange. In addition, any uncertainties and/or negative publicity regarding such an approval requirement could have a material adverse effect on the trading price of our securities.

Our Ordinary Shares may be prohibited to trade on an U.S. exchange or “over-the-counter” markets under the Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act, as amended by the Consolidated Appropriation Act, 2023 (the “HFCA Act”) if the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (the “PCAOB”) is unable to inspect our auditors for two consecutive years. The Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2023, was signed into law on December 29, 2022, which amended the HFCA Act (i) to reduce the number of consecutive years that would trigger delisting from three years to two years, and (ii) so that any foreign jurisdiction could be the reason why the PCAOB does not to have complete access to inspect or investigate a company’s auditors. As it was originally enacted, the HFCA Act applied only if the PCAOB’s inability to inspect or investigate because of a position taken by an authority in the foreign jurisdiction where the relevant public accounting firm is located. As a result of the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2023, the HFCA Act now also applies if the PCAOB’s inability to inspect or investigate the relevant accounting firm is due to a position taken by an authority in any foreign jurisdiction. The denying jurisdiction does not need to be where the accounting firm is located.

Pursuant to the HFCA Act, the PCAOB issued a Determination Report on December 16, 2021, which found that the PCAOB is unable to inspect or investigate completely registered public accounting firms headquartered in: (1) mainland China of the PRC, and (2) Hong Kong. In addition, the PCAOB’s report identified the specific registered public accounting firms which are subject to these determinations. On August 26, 2022, the PCAOB signed a Statement of Protocol with the China Securities Regulatory Commission, or the CSRC, and the Ministry of Finance of the PRC, taking the first step toward opening access for the PCAOB to inspect and investigate registered public accounting firms headquartered in mainland China and Hong Kong. On December 15, 2022, the PCAOB announced that it “was able to secure complete access to inspect and investigate audit firms in the People’s Republic of China (PRC) for the first time in history, in 2022. Therefore, on December 15, 2022, the PCAOB Board voted to vacate previous determinations to the contrary.” Notwithstanding the foregoing, uncertainties exist with respect to the implementation of these provisions and there is no assurance that the PCAOB will be able to execute, in a timely manner, its future inspections and investigations in a manner that satisfies the Statement of Protocol. Our former auditor, Friedman LLP (“Friedman”), the independent registered public accounting firm that issued the audit report included in this prospectus, as an auditor of companies that are traded publicly in the United States and a firm registered with the PCAOB, was subject to laws in the United States pursuant to which the PCAOB conducts regular inspections to assess Friedman’s compliance with applicable professional standards. Friedman was headquartered in Manhattan, New York with no branches or offices outside the United States and had been inspected by the PCAOB on a regular basis, with the last inspection in October 2020. Friedman LLP was merged with Marcum LLP on September 1, 2022 and filed its application to withdraw the PCAOB registration on December 30, 2022. On February 21, 2023, the Company engaged Kreit & Chiu CPA LLP (“Kreit & Chiu”) as its independent registered public accounting firm for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022. Our current auditors, Kreit & Chiu, is located at New York, New York, and has been inspected by the PCAOB. The Company will not engage any independent public accounting firm headquartered in mainland China or Hong Kong or not subject to the PCAOB’s inspections. In the event that, in the future, either there is any regulatory change or step taken by PRC regulators that does not permit our auditor to provide audit documentations located in China or Hong Kong to the PCAOB for inspection or investigation or the PCAOB expands the scope of the Determination so that we are subject to the HFCA Act, as the same may be amended, you may be deprived of the benefits of such inspection which could result in limitation or restriction to our access to the U.S. capital markets and trading of our securities, including trading on an U.S. national securities exchange and trading on “over-the-counter” markets, may be prohibited under the HFCA Act. See “Risk Factors — Risks Relating to The Offering — A recent joint statement by the SEC and the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), or the “PCAOB,” proposed rule changes submitted

Table of Contents

by Nasdaq, and an act passed by the U.S. Senate all call for additional and more stringent criteria to be applied to emerging market companies upon assessing the qualification of their auditors, especially the non-U.S. auditors who are not inspected by the PCAOB. These developments could add uncertainties to our listing on Nasdaq in the future.”

As of the date of this prospectus, no cash transfer or transfer of other assets have occurred between Baiya, its subsidiaries, and the consolidated VIE as well as the subsidiaries of the VIE. As of the date of this prospectus, none of our subsidiaries, consolidated VIE or the subsidiaries of the VIE have made any dividends or distributions to Baiya. As of the date of this prospectus, we do not have any U.S. investors, so no dividends or distributions have been made to any U.S. investors. We intend to keep any future earnings to re-invest in and finance the expansion of the business of the PRC operating entities, and we do not anticipate that any cash dividends will be paid in the foreseeable future. Currently, we, including our consolidated VIE and the subsidiaries of the VIE, have not adopted or maintained any cash management policies and procedures to govern cash transfer between Baiya, its subsidiaries, and the consolidated VIE as well as the subsidiaries of the VIE, and each entity is required to comply with applicable law or regulations with respect to transfer of funds, dividends and distributions with other entities. See “Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Schedule of Financial Position” on page 20 of this prospectus for additional information. For details about the applicable PRC regulations and rules relating to such cash transfers through between Baiya, its subsidiaries, and the consolidated VIE as well as the subsidiaries of the VIE, and the associated risks, see “Dividends and Other Distributions” on pages 7 to 8 of this prospectus, “Summary of Risk Factors — Risks Relating to Doing Business in China” on page 11 of this prospectus, “Risk Factor — Risks Relating to Doing Business in China — We rely on dividends and other distributions on equity paid by our PRC subsidiary to fund any cash and financing requirements we may have, and any limitation on the ability of our PRC subsidiary to make payments to us could have a material adverse effect on our ability to conduct our business” on page 50 of this prospectus, “Risk Factors — Risks Relating to Doing Business in China — Regulatory measures on currency exchange under PRC Laws may affect our ability to convert cash derived from our operating activities into foreign currencies and may affect the value of your investment” on page 52 of this prospectus, and “Dividend Policy” on page 71 of this prospectus.

Under Cayman Islands law, a Cayman Islands company may pay a dividend on its shares out of either profit or share premium amount or a combination of both, provided that in no circumstances may a dividend be paid if this would result in the company being unable to pay its debts due in the ordinary course of business. If we determine to pay dividends on any of our Ordinary Shares in the future, as a holding company, we will rely on payments made from Gongwuyuan to Pengze WFOE, pursuant to the Contractual Arrangements between them, and the distribution of such payments to Juxing Investment Group (Hong Kong) Limited (“Juxing HK”) as dividends from Pengze WFOE, unless we receive proceeds from future offerings. Certain payments from Gongwuyuan to Pengze WFOE are subject to PRC taxes, including value added tax, or VAT, and enterprise income tax.

Neither the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or passed upon the accuracy or adequacy of this prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

	Per Share		Total Without Over-Allotment Option		Total With Over-Allotment Option
Public offering price	$	5.00	$	15,000,000	$	17,250,000
Underwriting discount(1)	$	0.375	$	1,125,000	$	1,293,750
Proceeds to us, before expenses(2)	$	4.625	$	13,875,000	$	15,956,250

____________

(1) Represents underwriting discounts equal to 7.5% per Ordinary Share.

We have granted a 45-day option to the underwriters to purchase up to an additional 450,000 ordinary shares solely to cover over-allotment, if any.

Table of Contents

The underwriters expect to deliver the ordinary shares against payment as set forth under “Underwriting”, on or about , 2023.

Revere Securities LLC

The date of this prospectus is , 2023

Table of Contents

TABLE OF CONTENTS

		Page
COMMONLY USED DEFINED TERMS		ii
PROSPECTUS SUMMARY		1
SUMMARY CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL DATA		17
RISK FACTORS		24
SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS AND INDUSTRY DATA AND FORECASTS		68
USE OF PROCEEDS		70
DIVIDEND POLICY		71
CAPITALIZATION		72
DILUTION		73
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS		74
CORPORATE HISTORY AND STRUCTURE		95
INDUSTRY		101
BUSINESS		110
REGULATIONS		119
MANAGEMENT		134
PRINCIPAL SHAREHOLDERS		140
RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS		143
DESCRIPTION OF SHARE CAPITAL		146
SHARES ELIGIBLE FOR FUTURE SALE		153
MATERIAL INCOME TAX CONSIDERATION		155
UNDERWRITING		160
EXPENSES RELATING TO THIS OFFERING		164
LEGAL MATTERS		164
EXPERTS		164
CHANGE IN REGISTRANT’S CERTIFYING ACCOUNTANT		164
ENFORCEABILITY OF CIVIL LIABILITIES		165
WHERE YOU CAN FIND ADDITIONAL INFORMATION		167
INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS		F-1

Neither we nor the underwriters have authorized anyone to provide you with information different from that contained in this prospectus or any free-writing prospectus prepared by or on behalf of us or to which we have referred you. We and the underwriters take no responsibility for, and can provide no assurance as to the reliability of, any other information that others may give you. We and the underwriters are offering to sell, and seeking offers to buy, the Ordinary Shares only in jurisdictions where offers and sales are permitted. The information contained in this prospectus is current only as of the date of this prospectus, regardless of the time of delivery of this prospectus or of any sale of the Ordinary Shares.

We have not taken any action to permit a public offering of the Ordinary Shares outside the United States or to permit the possession or distribution of this prospectus outside the United States. Persons outside the United States who come into possession of this prospectus must inform themselves about and observe any restrictions relating to the offering of the Ordinary Shares and the distribution of the prospectus outside the United States.

Table of Contents

COMMONLY USED DEFINED TERMS

• “Baiya” refers to Baiya International Group Inc., a Cayman Islands holding company.

• “Blue-collar workers” refers to the group of working-class people who perform manual labor and mainly include workers in manufacturing, construction, mining and postal industries.

• “China” and “PRC” refer to the People’s Republic of China, including the special administrative regions of Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan. The term “Chinese” has a correlative meaning for the purpose of this prospectus. When used in the case of laws, regulations and rules, of “China” or “the PRC”, it refers to only such laws, regulations and rules of mainland China. When used in the case of government, governmental authorities, regulatory agencies, courts, jurisdictions, tax, entities, enterprises, individuals and residents of “China” or “the PRC” or “Chinese”, it refers to only such government, governmental authorities, regulatory agencies, courts, jurisdictions, tax, entities, enterprises, individuals and residents of mainland China.

• “Contractual Arrangements” means those agreements entered into by and among Pengze WFOE, Gongwuyuan and certain shareholders of Gongwuyuan, including the Business Operation Agreement and Powers of Attorney, Exclusive Consulting and Service Agreement, Equity Disposal Agreement, Equity Pledge Agreement and Agency Agreement, each dated December 29, 2021, and the Spousal Consent Letter dated September 22, 2022, which grants Pengze WFOE contractual rights to (i) direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly impacts the VIE’s economic performance, (ii) receive substantially all of the economic benefits of the VIE and its subsidiaries; and (iii) have an exclusive option to purchase all or part of the equity interests in and assets of the VIE and its subsidiaries when and to the extent permitted by PRC law. The Exclusive Consulting and Service Agreement between Penze WFOE and Gongwuyuan was supplemented on December 21, 2022 to clarify that no consulting services fees pertaining to the agreement need to be paid for the period December 29, 2021 to December 31, 2021.

• “Customer” and/or “ Customers” refer to customers to our project outsourcing service and labor dispatching service models.

• “Employing Company” and/or “ Employing Companies” refer to companies that need labor force for their production and facilities and are employers’ seeking workers under our job matching services and entrusted recruitment service model. The Employing Companies are usually in the manufacturing sector, construction, mining, postal, and other industries that require a lot of manpower.

• “Flexible Employment” in China refers to the allocation and arrangement of labor employment by employers outside of the standard employment relationship by providing flexible remuneration to workers, such as to improve control of employment costs while increasing efficiency of recruitment driven by market fluctuation.

• “Gongwuyuan” and/or “VIE” refer to Shenzhen Gongwuyuan Network Technology Co., Ltd., a PRC company.

• “HR Service Company” and/or “HR Service Companies” refer to companies who recruit workers according to the employment needs required by the Employing Company and Customers.

• “Juxing HK” refers to Juxing Investment Group (Hong Kong) Limited, a Hong Kong company.

• “Mainland China” or “Chinese mainland” refer to the People’s Republic of China, excluding, solely for the purpose of this prospectus, the special administrative regions of Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan. The term “mainland Chinese” has a correlative meaning for the purpose of this prospectus.

• “Pengze WFOE” refers to Shenzhen Pengze Future Technology Co., Ltd., a PRC company.

• “PRC operating entities” refers to the VIE, Gongwuyuan, and its subsidiaries.

• “Ruifeng BVI” refers to Ruifeng International Group Limited, a British Virgin Islands company.

Table of Contents

• “SaaS” refers to Software-as-a-service.

• “Shares,” “Shares,” or “Ordinary Shares” are to the ordinary shares of Baiya International Group, Inc., par value $0.0001 per share;

• “White-collar workers” refers to the general term for employees and workers who do not perform manual labor in an enterprise, including managers, technicians and administrative workers.

• All references to “RMB,” “yuan” and “Renminbi” are to the legal currency of China; all references to “HKD” is to the legal currency of Hong Kong; and all references to “USD,” and “U.S. dollars” are to the legal currency of the United States.

Unless otherwise noted, all other financial and other data related to the company in this prospectus is presented in U.S. dollars. We present our financial results in U.S. dollars. We make no representation that any RMB or U.S. dollar amounts could have been, or could be, converted into U.S. dollars or RMB, as the case may be, at any particular rate, or at all. The PRC regulatory authorities have taken a series of measures to regulate the conversion of RMB into foreign exchange. This prospectus contains translations of certain foreign currency amounts into U.S. dollars for the convenience of the reader. Unless otherwise stated, all translations of RMB into U.S. dollars in this prospectus were made at the following rates, as set forth in the H.10 statistical release of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, and for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021:

	2023		2022
Balance sheet date spot rate (as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022):	$	7.2516	$	6.8970
Average rate (for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022):	$	6.9300	$	6.4791

	For the Years Ended December 31,
	2022	2021
Period end RMB to USD exchange rate	6.8970	6.3726
Period average RMB to USD exchange rate	6.7290	6.4508

iii

Table of Contents

PROSPECTUS SUMMARY

This summary highlights certain information contained elsewhere in this prospectus. You should read the entire prospectus carefully, especially the “Risk Factors,” “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and our consolidated financial statements and the accompanying notes to those statements, included elsewhere in this prospectus, before making an investment decision. The reader should not put undue reliance on the forward-looking statements in this prospectus, which speak only as of the date of this prospectus.

This prospectus contains information from a May 2022, Research Report on China Recruitment Crowdsourcing Market (“iResearch Report”), commissioned by us and prepared by iResearch Co., Ltd., a market research firm (“iResearch”), to provide information on the recruitment crowdsourcing market in China.

Overview

We, Baiya International Group Inc. (“Baiya”), are an offshore holding company incorporated in the Cayman Islands. We are not a Chinese operating company, but an offshore holding company incorporated in the Cayman Islands. As a holding company, we have no material operations and conduct all of our operations in China through the VIE, Shenzhen Gongwuyuan Network Technology Co., Ltd. (“Gongwuyuan”), and its subsidiaries, collectively, “PRC operating entities”. We entered into a series of Contractual Arrangements with the VIE and certain shareholders of Gongwuyuan, and this structure involves unique risks to investors. See “Risk Factors — Risks Relating to Doing Business in China” for more information. Neither we nor our direct and indirect subsidiaries own any equity interests in the PRC operating entities.

Gongwuyuan started to provide job matching services in 2017. In November 2019, Gongwuyuan began developing its cloud-based internet platform to provide one-stop crowdsourcing recruitment and SaaS-enabled HR solutions on the “Gongwuyuan Platform to supplement its offline job matching services, and started to position itself as a SasS-enabled HR technology company by introducing its Gongwuyuan Platform in the flexible employment marketplace. We have been and will continue to strategically develop and improve the Gongwuyuan Platform with product features that work together with our traditional offline service model to improve the job matching and HR related services in the flexible employment marketplace.

Currently our business focuses on four (4) primary services: (i) job matching services; (ii) entrusted recruitment services; (iii) project outsourcing services; and (iv) labor dispatching services in the flexible employment market within China, primarily in the core manufacturing regions including the Pearl River Delta and Yangtze River Delta region. With respect to labor dispatching services, however, we are strategically reducing this service, considering the negative gross profit historically. Gongwuyuan plans to pursue its business growth by continuing to supplement its existing offline service model by introducing and integrating its Gongwuyuan Platform to provide better services in the flexible employment market throughout China. In addition, we plan to improve our services by continuing to develop and integrate digital technologies including crowdsourcing, big data and artificial intelligence to enhance the Gongwuyuan Platform. We believe these efforts will allow us to provide sufficient job matching and one-stop SaaS-enabled HR solutions to Customers, Employing Companies and workers in the flexible employment marketplace throughout China.

This is an offering of the Ordinary Shares of the Cayman Islands offshore holding company, Baiya. You are not investing in the PRC operating entities. Instead, we consolidate the financial results of Gongwuyuan as the primary beneficiary through the Contractual Arrangements. Please see “Corporate History and Structure — Contractual Arrangements among Pengze WFOE, Gongwuyuan, and the Shareholders of the VIE.”

Corporate Structure

The following diagram summarizes our corporate legal structure and identifies our subsidiaries, the VIE and its subsidiaries as of the date of this prospectus. Unless otherwise specified, equity interests depicted in this diagram are held 100%. The relationships between WFOE and Gongwuyuan as illustrated in this diagram are governed by the Contractual Arrangements and do not constitute equity ownership.

Table of Contents

We are an offshore holding company incorporated in the Cayman Islands. As a holding company, we have no material operations and we conduct our operations in China through the VIE, Gongwuyuan, and its subsidiaries, or collectively, “the PRC operating entities”. This is an offering of our Ordinary Shares, instead of shares of the VIE or any of the PRC operating entities, therefore, our investors may never directly hold equity interests in the PRC operating entities. You are not investing in the PRC operating entities as neither we nor our subsidiaries own any share or equity interest in the PRC operating entities. Instead, we consolidate the financial results of Gongwuyan as the primary beneficiary through the Contractual Arrangements between our indirectly wholly-foreign owned subsidiary entity, Shenzhen Pengze Future Technology Co., Ltd (“Pengze WFOE”), Gongwuyuan and certain shareholders of Gongwuyuan.

Contractual Arrangements among Pengze WFOE, Gongwuyuan, and the Shareholders of the VIE

Pengze WFOE, our indirect wholly-foreign owned subsidiary, and Gongwuyuan, as well as certain shareholders of Gongwuyuan entered into a series of Contractual Arrangements in December 2021. The Contractual Arrangements are designed to allow Baiya to consolidate Gongwuyuan’s operations and financial results in Baiya’s financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP as the primary beneficiary.

Due to PRC legal restrictions on foreign ownership in certain sectors or other matters, such as value-added telecommunications services, or VATS, many China-based operating companies had to list on a U.S. exchange through Contractual Arrangements, or a VIE structure, without a direct ownership in main operating entities. Gongwuyuan’s operations involve in the VATS, which is classified as a sector that restricts foreign ownership. With the advice of our PRC counsel, Baiya has elected to utilize the VIE structure.

Recently, the PRC regulatory authorities initiated a series of regulatory actions and statements that affected overseas securities offering, listing and certain industries, including cracking down on illegal activities in the securities market, enhancing supervision over overseas listing of domestic enterprises, adopting new measures to extend the scope of cybersecurity reviews, and expanding their efforts in anti-monopoly enforcement. Although we chose a VIE structure, we are subject to certain risks and uncertainties that may not otherwise exist if we had a direct equity ownership in the operating entities. The VIE structure has inherent risks that may affect your investment, including less effectiveness and certainties compared to direct ownership, and potential substantial costs to enforce the terms of the Contractual Arrangements in the event of a dispute. See “Risk Factors — Risks relating to the VIE Structure — We rely on Contractual Arrangements with the VIE and certain shareholders of the VIE to consolidate financial results of the PRC operating entities. We do not have an equity ownership in, direct foreign investment in, or control of, through such ownership or investment, the VIE.” Due to uncertainties regarding the interpretation and application of relevant PRC laws and regulations in connection with the VIE structure or VIE Agreements, our ability to enforce the VIE Agreements could be substantially hampered. See “Risk Factors — Risks Relating to Doing Business in China — PRC laws and regulations governing our current business operations sometimes involve uncertainty, and sudden or unexpected changes in laws and regulations in China applicable to us could adversely affect us and limit the legal protections available to you and us.” Furthermore, these Contractual Arrangements may not be enforceable in China if PRC government authorities or courts take a view that such Contractual Arrangements contravene PRC laws and regulations or are not otherwise enforceable for public policy reasons. In the event we are unable to enforce these Contractual Arrangements, we may not be able to exert effective control over Gongwuyuan, and our ability to conduct our business may be materially and adversely affected. For more information, see “Risk Factors — Risks relating to the VIE Structure — The relevant PRC regulatory authorities may find that the Contractual Arrangements with the VIE and its shareholders to operate our business in China do not comply with applicable PRC Laws, or if these applicable PRC Laws or the interpretation of existing applicable PRC Laws change in the future, we could be subject to severe penalties or be forced to relinquish our interests in those operations. Additionally, such determination by the PRC regulatory authorities and changes or interpretations in PRC Laws, if occurred, may cause significant decline in the value of our shares, or even render our shares worthless.”

The following is a brief description of the Contractual Arrangements entered into in December 2021, between Pengze WFOE, Gongwuyuan, and certain shareholders of the VIE, and the Spousal Consent Letters dated September 22, 2022:

Table of Contents

certain shareholders agree to accept suggestions by the Pengze WFOE in respect of the employment and dismissal of Gongwuyuan’s employees, daily operations and financial management of Gongwuyuan; and (3) Gongwuyuan and the shareholders shall appoint the individuals designated by the Pengze WFOE as the directors (including the executive director) of Gongwuyuan, and shall appoint the persons recommended by the Pengze WFOE as the general manager, chief financial officer and other senior management members and officers of Gongwuyuan. The term of the business operation agreement shall be ten (10) years from the effective date unless terminated by the Pengze WFOE upon thirty (30) days advance notice to Gongwuyuan and the shareholders. Upon request by the Pengze WFOE, the parties shall extend the term of the business operation agreement by entering into a new business operation agreement or continue performing the existing business operation agreement.

Powers of Attorney. Each of the signing shareholders of Gongwuyuan executed a power of attorney on December 29, 2021 (the “Powers of Attorney”) to irrevocably appoint the Pengze WFOE or the person designated by the board of directors or the executive director of the Pengze WFOE as its agent to act on its behalf to exercise their shareholders’ and voting rights in the name of the shareholders in accordance with the applicable PRC laws and regulations and the articles of association of Gongwuyuan.

Exclusive Consulting and Service Agreement. Under an exclusive consulting and service agreement dated December 29, 2021, entered into between the Pengze WFOE and Gongwuyuan, the Pengze WFOE shall have the exclusive right to provide Gongwuyuan with consulting and related services. Such services include:

(a) Research and development services of business-related software;

(b) Providing business-related technical services, applications, and execution, including but not limited to design, installation, and testing of all systems;

(c) Providing daily maintenance support, upgrade, maintenance, monitoring, and troubleshooting of computer network equipment and other technical services;

(d) Pre-job, on-the-job, and technical training services for personnel;

(e) Technology development and transfer services;

(f) Public relations services;

(g) Market research and consulting services (excluding market research services that are prohibited by the laws of the People’s Republic of China for foreign-invested enterprises);

(h) Services for the formulation of medium and short-term market development and market plans;

(i) Consulting services related to business compliance;

(j) Organization and planning services related to marketing and customer activities;

(k) Intellectual property licenses;

(l) Equipment provision and rental; and

(m) Management consulting services and other business and technical consulting services related to business operation.

Without the Pengze WFOE’s prior written consent, Gongwuyuan may not accept services covered by the exclusive consulting and service agreement from any third party during the term of the agreement. In addition, the Pengze WFOE shall own all rights, titles, interests and intellectual property rights arising out of the performance of the exclusive consulting and service agreement, provided, however, that if the development of such intellectual property is based on the intellectual property rights of Gongwuyuan, Gongwuyuan shall ensure that such rights are free of any defect or Gongwuyuan shall bear the loss caused to the Pengze WFOE. As consideration, Gongwuyuan agrees to pay the ninety-five percent (95%) of its pre-tax profit, for each profitable fiscal year, and deducting any loss (if any) in the previous year, the necessary costs, expenses, taxes incurred in the year and the withdrawn statutory reserve fund that must be withdrawn according to law by the Pengze WFOE.

Table of Contents

The Exclusive Consulting and Service Agreement between Penze WFOE and Gongwuyuan was supplemented on December 21, 2022 to clarify that no consulting service sees pertaining to the agreement need to be paid for the period December 29, 2021 to December 31, 2021.

Equity Disposal Agreement. The Pengze WFOE entered into an equity disposal agreement with Gongwuyuan and certain shareholders of the VIE on December 29, 2021. Pursuant to the equity disposal agreement, the shareholders and Gongwuyuan have granted the Pengze WFOE (or its designee) an exclusive option to acquire all or a portion of the ninety-five percent (95%) equity held by the shareholders and all or a portion of the ninety-five percent (95%) assets of Gongwuyuan at the price equivalent to the lowest price then permitted under PRC law. The Pengze WFOE may, at its sole discretion, at any time exercise the option. Moreover, the Pengze WFOE may designate a third party to exercise the option on its behalf.

Under the equity disposal agreement, Gongwuyuan may not, among other obligations, sell, transfer, mortgage or otherwise dispose of any asset, business or income, or allow any other security interest to be created on them, enter into transactions that will materially and adversely affect its assets, responsibilities, operations, equity and other legitimate rights, distribute dividends and bonuses in any form to all shareholders, incur, inherit, guarantee or permit to subsist any debt except in the ordinary course of business unless otherwise expressly agreed to by the Pengze WFOE, enter into any material contracts except in the ordinary course of business, increase or decrease the registered capital of Gongwuyuan or otherwise change the structure of the registered capital, supplement, modify or amend the articles of association of Gongwuyuan in any way, or merge or associate with any person, or acquire any person or invest in any person. In addition, the shareholders may not, among other obligations, supplement, modify or amend the articles of association of Gongwuyuan that will materially and adversely affect Gongwuyuan’s assets, liabilities, operations, equity and other rights, cause Gongwuyuan to enter into transactions that will materially and adversely affect Gongwuyuan’s assets, responsibilities, operations, equity and other rights, adopt a resolution on the distribution of dividends and bonuses, sell, transfer, mortgage or dispose of their equity interest in any way, sell, transfer, mortgage or dispose of the rights of any equity and assets of Gongwuyuan, or allow any other security interest to be created on them, approve the merger or association or reorganization in any other form, and independently wind up, liquidate or dissolve Gongwuyuan.

The equity disposal agreement shall remain effective for ten (10) years from the effective date. Upon request by the Pengze WFOE, the parties shall extend the term of the equity disposal agreement by entering into a new equity disposal agreement or continue performing the existing equity disposal agreement.

Equity Pledge Agreement. The Pengze WFOE entered into an equity pledge agreement with certain shareholders of the VIE on December 29, 2021, pursuant to which the shareholders have pledged ninety-five percent (95%) of equity interests in Gongwuyuan held by them, and all current and future rights and interests based on such equity, as priority security guarantees in favor of the Pengze WFOE to secure the performance of Gongwuyuan and the shareholders’ performance of their obligations under, where applicable, (i) the Exclusive Consulting and Service Agreement, (ii) the Equity Disposal Agreements, and (iii) the Business Operation Agreement (collectively, the “Principal Agreements”). The Pengze WFOE is entitled to exercise its right for the priority of compensation obtained by the shareholders’ pledged interests in the equity of Gongwuyuan in the event that either the shareholders or Gongwuyuan fails to perform their respective obligations under the Principal Agreements. The Pengze WFOE may transfer all or any of its rights and obligations under the equity pledge agreement to any designated third party. The equity pledge agreement will remain in full force and effective until Gongwuyuan and the shareholders have satisfied their obligations under the Principal Agreements.

Agency Agreement. The Pengze WFOE entered into an agency agreement with certain shareholders of the VIE on December 29, 2021, pursuant to which the shareholders granted the Pengze WFOE an irrevocable right to exercise the voting rights of the shareholders in accordance with the laws of the PRC and the Articles of Association of Gongwuyuan, for the maximum period permitted by law. The shareholders shall authorize the person appointed by the Pengze WFOE to exercise all the voting rights held by them regardless of any change in the equity of Gongwuyuan. In addition, the shareholders shall not transfer any of their shareholders rights and interests in Gongwuyuan to any

Table of Contents

individual or other company other than the Pengze WFOE or any person or entity designated by the Pengze WFOE. The agency agreement shall come into effect upon its execution, and may be terminated by the unanimous consent of all parties or unilaterally by the Pengze WFOE with a thirty (30) days advance notice.

Spousal Consent Letter. Each spouse of relevant individual shareholders of Gongwuyuan has signed a Spousal Consent Letter. Under the Spousal Consent Letter, the signing spouse has unconditionally and irrevocably agreed that the disposition of the equity interest in Gongwuyuan which is held by and registered under the name of his or her spouse shall be made pursuant to the above-mentioned Business Operation Agreement and Powers of Attorney, Equity Disposal Agreement, Equity Pledge Agreement, and Agency Agreement, signed by his or her spouse, as amended from time to time. Each of the signing spouse undertakes to take necessary actions to ensure the performance of above-mentioned VIE agreements.

Based on the foregoing Contractual Arrangements, Baiya is allowed to consolidate Gongwuyuan’s operations and financial results in Baiya’s consolidated financial statements for the periods presented herein as if the current corporate structure had been in existence throughout the periods presented under common control in accordance with Regulation S-X-3A-02 promulgated by the SEC and Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 810-10, Consolidation.

As we chose such VIE structure, we are subject to certain unique risks and uncertainties that may not otherwise exist if we had direct equity ownership in the PRC operating entities. Because we do not directly hold equity interests in the VIE and its subsidiaries, our Contractual Arrangements may not be effective in providing control over Gongwuyuan. Further, we are subject to risks due to uncertainty of the interpretation and the application of relevant PRC laws and regulations regarding limitations on foreign ownership, regulatory review of overseas listing of PRC companies through a special purpose vehicle, and the validity and enforcement of the Contractual Arrangements. We are also subject to the risks of uncertainty about any future actions of the PRC regulatory authorities in this regard that could disallow the VIE structure, which would likely result in a material change in our operations and/or cause the value of our Ordinary Shares to decrease significantly or become worthless. However, as of the date of this prospectus, the agreements under the Contractual Arrangements have not been tested in any courts of law. For more details, please see “Risk Factors — Risks relating to the VIE Structure — The relevant PRC regulatory authorities may find that the Contractual Arrangements with the VIE and its shareholders to operate our business in China do not comply with applicable PRC Laws, or if these applicable PRC Laws or the interpretation of existing applicable PRC Laws change in the future, we could be subject to severe penalties or be forced to relinquish our interests in those operations. Additionally, such determination by the PRC regulatory authorities and changes or interpretations in PRC Laws, if occurred, may cause significant decline in the value of our shares, or even render our shares worthless; — We rely on Contractual Arrangements with the VIE and certain shareholders of the VIE to consolidate financial results of the PRC operating entities. We do not have an equity ownership in, direct foreign investment in, or control of, through such ownership or investment, the VIE.” For a description of the VIE contractual arrangements, see “Corporate History and Structure — Contractual Arrangements among Pengze WFOE, Gongwuyuan, and the Shareholders of the VIE” starting on page 97 of this prospectus.

According to our PRC legal counsel, under current effective PRC laws and regulations, apart from the filing procedure with the CSRC under the New Administrative Rules Regarding Overseas Listings, we and the PRC operating entities are not required to obtain permission or approval from the PRC authorities including CSRC or CAC to issue the Ordinary Shares to foreign investors, nor have we, or the PRC operating entities, applied for or received any denial for the Registration. However, recently, the General Office of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the General Office of the State Council jointly issued the “Opinions on Severely Cracking Down on Illegal Securities Activities According to Law,” or the Opinions, which was made available to the public on July 6, 2021. The Opinions emphasized the need to strengthen the administration over illegal securities activities, and the need to strengthen the supervision over overseas listings by Chinese companies. Effective measures, such as promoting the construction of relevant regulatory systems will be taken to deal with the risks and incidents of China-concept overseas listed companies, and cybersecurity and data privacy protection requirements and similar matters. The Opinions and any related implementing rules to be enacted may subject us to compliance requirement in the future. Given some applicable laws and regulations were newly issued, there involve uncertainties regarding their interpretation and application, which can change quickly with little notice, we cannot assure you that relevant PRC government agencies would reach the same conclusion as we do or as advised by our PRC legal counsel. However, (i) if we inadvertently concluded that such permissions or approvals are not required, or (ii) if the Cyberspace Administration of China or other regulatory PRC agencies later promulgate new rules requiring that we obtain their approvals to issue the Ordinary Shares to foreign investors, and we are unable to obtain such approval in a timely manner or obtain a waiver

Table of Contents

of such approval requirements, then our operations, financial conditions, and results of operations could be adversely affected, directly or indirectly, and even we may not be able to list on a U.S. exchange. In addition, any uncertainties and/or negative publicity regarding such an approval requirement could have a material adverse effect on the trading price of our securities.

Dividends and Other Distributions

We are a holding company with no material operations of our own and do not generate any revenue. We currently conduct substantially all of our operations through the PRC operating entities. Under Cayman Islands law, Baiya may pay a dividend on its shares out of either profit or share premium amount or a combination of both, provided that in no circumstances may a dividend be paid if this would result in the company being unable to pay its debts due in the ordinary course of business. If we determine to pay dividends on any of our Ordinary Shares in the future, as a holding company, we will rely on payments made from Gongwuyuan to the Pengze WFOE, pursuant to the Contractual Arrangements, and the dividend payment to Juxing HK from Pengze WFOE, unless we receive proceeds from future offerings. Certain payments from Gongwuyuan to the Pengze WFOE are subject to PRC taxes, including value added tax, or VAT, and enterprise income tax.

We intend to keep any future earnings to re-invest in and finance the expansion of the business of the PRC operating entities, and we do not anticipate that any cash dividends will be paid in the foreseeable future. As of the date of this prospectus, no cash transfer or transfer of other assets have occurred between Baiya, its subsidiaries, and the consolidated VIE as well as its subsidiaries. As of the date of this prospectus, none of our subsidiaries, the consolidated VIE, or the subsidiaries of the VIE have made any dividends or distributions to Baiya. As of the date of this prospectus, we do not have any U.S. investors, so no dividends or distributions have been made to any U.S. investors. Currently, we, including our consolidated VIE and the subsidiaries of the VIE, have not adopted or maintained any cash management policies and procedures to govern cash transfer between Baiya, its subsidiaries, and the consolidated VIE as well as the subsidiaries of the VIE, and each entity needs to comply with applicable law or regulations with respect to transfer of funds, dividends and distributions with other entities.

Our Pengze WFOE’s ability to distribute dividends is based upon its distributable earnings. Current PRC regulations permit the Pengze WFOE to pay dividends to Juxing HK only out of their accumulated profits, if any, determined in accordance with Chinese accounting standards and regulations. In addition, each of our subsidiaries in China is required to set aside at least 10% of its after-tax profits each year, if any, to fund a statutory reserve until such reserve reaches 50% of its registered capital. Each of such entity in China may also set aside a portion of its after-tax profits to fund an optional reserve, although the amount to be set aside, if any, is determined at the discretion of its shareholders. The reserves can be used to increase the registered capital, cover losses made in past years and enhance the company’s productivity and expand its business.

The PRC regulatory authorities have taken a series of measures to regulate the conversion of RMB into foreign currencies and the remittance of currencies out of the PRC. Therefore, we may experience difficulties in completing the administrative procedures necessary to obtain and remit foreign currency for the payment of dividends from our profits, if any. Furthermore, if our subsidiaries in the PRC incur debt on their own in the future, the instruments governing the debt may restrict their ability to pay dividends or make other payments. If we or our subsidiaries are unable to receive the relevant revenues from our operations through the current Contractual Arrangements, we may be unable to pay dividends on our Ordinary Shares.

Cash dividends, if any, on our Ordinary Shares will be paid in U.S. dollars. If we are considered a PRC tax resident enterprise for tax purposes, any dividends we pay to our overseas shareholders may be regarded as China-sourced income and as a result may be subject to PRC withholding tax at a rate of up to 10.0%.

In order for us to pay dividends to our shareholders, we will rely on payments made from Gongwuyuan to the Pengze WFOE, pursuant to the Contractual Arrangements, and the dividend payments to Juxing HK from the Pengze WFOE. Certain payments from the VIE, Gongwuyuan, to Pengze WFOE are subject to PRC taxes, including VAT and enterprise income tax.

Pursuant to the Arrangement between Mainland China and the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region for the Avoidance of Double Taxation and Tax Evasion on Income, or the Double Tax Avoidance Arrangement, the 10% withholding tax rate may be lowered to 5% if a Hong Kong resident enterprise owns no less than 25% of a PRC project. However, the 5% withholding tax rate does not automatically apply and certain requirements must be satisfied,

Table of Contents

including without limitation that (a) the Hong Kong project must be the beneficial owner of the relevant dividends; and (b) the Hong Kong project must directly hold no less than 25% share ownership in the PRC project during the 12 consecutive months preceding its receipt of the dividends. In current practice, a Hong Kong project must obtain a tax resident certificate from the Hong Kong tax authority to apply for the 5% lower PRC withholding tax rate. As the Hong Kong tax authority will issue such a tax resident certificate on a case-by-case basis, we cannot assure you that we will be able to obtain the tax resident certificate from the relevant Hong Kong tax authority and enjoy the preferential withholding tax rate of 5% under the Double Taxation Arrangement with respect to dividends to be paid by our PRC subsidiary to its immediate holding company, Juxing HK. As of the date of this prospectus, we have not applied for the tax resident certificate from the relevant Hong Kong tax authority. Juxing HK intends to apply for the tax resident certificate when the Pengze WFOE plans to declare and pay dividends to Juxing HK. See “Risk Factors — Risks Relating to Doing Business in China — Circumstances relating to the withholding tax liabilities of our PRC subsidiary may be subject to change under the EIT Law, and dividends payable by our PRC subsidiary to our offshore subsidiaries may not qualify to enjoy certain treaty benefits.”

Further, the proceeds of this offering may be sent back from the holding company to the PRC, and the process for sending such proceeds back to the PRC may be time-consuming after the closing of this offering. We may be unable to use these proceeds to grow the business of the PRC operating entities until the PRC operating entities receive such proceeds in the PRC. Any transfer of funds by the holding company to the PRC operating entities, either as a shareholder loan or as an increase in registered capital, are subject to registration, filing with or report to relevant governmental authorities in China. Any foreign loans procured by the PRC operating entities is required to be registered with China’s State Administration of Foreign Exchange (“SAFE”) in its local branches and satisfy relevant requirements, and the PRC operating entities may not procure loans which exceed the difference between their respective total project investment amount and registered capital or 2 times (which may be varied year by year due to the change of PRC’s national macro-control policy) of the net worth of our PRC subsidiary. According to the relevant PRC regulations on foreign-invested enterprises in China, capital contributions to the Pengze WFOE are subject to the registration with State Administration for Market Regulation in its local branches, report submission to the Ministry of Commerce in its local branches and registration with a local bank authorized by SAFE.

Company Information

Our principal executive offices are located at Yifang Capital Industrial Park, No. 33 Pingshan Industrial Road, Building A, 16F, Tangxia, Dongguan, Guangdong, China, and our telephone number is +86 0769-88785888. We maintain a website at www.gwyapp.com. Our website or any other website does not constitute a part of this prospectus. Our registered office in the Cayman Islands is located at the office of Harneys Fiduciary (Cayman) Limited, 4th Floor, Harbour Place, 103 South Church Street, P.O. Box 10240, Grand Cayman KY1-1002, Cayman Islands. Our agent for service of process in the United States is Cogency Global, Inc. located at 122 East 42nd Street, 18th Floor, New York, NY 10168.

Corporate History and Structure

Baiya International Group Inc. (“Baiya”) is a holding company incorporated under the laws of the Cayman Islands on October 18, 2021. We have no substantial operations other than holding all of the issued and outstanding shares of Ruifeng International Group Limited, or Ruifeng BVI, which was established in the British Virgin Islands on October 25, 2021. Ruifeng BVI is also a holding company with substantially no operations other than holding all of the issue and outstanding shares of Juxing Investment Group (Hong Kong) Limited, or Juxing HK, which was established on November 3, 2021 under the laws of Hong Kong. Juxing HK is also a holding company with substantially no operations other than holding all of the issue and outstanding shares of Shenzhen Pengze Future Technology Co., Ltd, or Pengze WFOE, which was established on December 9, 2021 under the laws of PRC.

We conduct business operations through the VIE, Shenzhen Gongwuyuan Network Technology Co., Ltd., or Gongwuyuan, a PRC company, and its subsidiaries in China. Gongwuyuan was incorporated in China on October 23, 2017 and started to provide job matching services in 2017. The Gongwuyuan Platform was launched in November 2019 and has since expanded its flexible employment matching services in 5 provinces and 30 cities.

Table of Contents

Summary of Risk Factors

Investing in our Ordinary Shares involves significant risks. You should carefully consider all of the information in this prospectus before making an investment in our Ordinary Shares. Below please find a summary of the principal risks we face, organized under relevant headings. These risks are discussed more fully in the section titled “Risk Factors” beginning on page 24 of this prospectus.

Risks Relating to Our Business and Industry (for a more detailed discussion, see “Risk Factors — Risks Relating to Our Business and Industry” beginning on page 24 of this prospectus)

Risks and uncertainties related to the PRC operating entities’ business and industry include, but are not limited to, the following:

• Our PRC operating entities operate in the emerging, dynamic, and competitive flexible employment industry, which makes it difficult for investors to evaluate our PRC operating entities’ future prospects, and we cannot assure you that their current or future strategies will be successfully implemented or will generate sustainable profit. See “Risk Factors — Risks Relating to Our Business and Industry — Our PRC operating entities operate in the emerging, dynamic, and competitive flexible employment industry, which makes it difficult for investors to evaluate our PRC operating entities’ future prospects, and we cannot assure you that their current or future strategies will be successfully implemented or will generate sustainable profit.” on page 24 of this prospectus.

• We have a limited operating history and are subject to the risks encountered by development-stage companies. We cannot assure you that the market for our services will develop as we expect or we will be able to maintain the growth rate that they have experienced to date. See “Risk Factors — Risks Relating to Our Business and Industry — We have a limited operating history and are subject to the risks encountered by development-stage companies. We cannot assure you that the market for our services will develop as we expect or we will be able to maintain the growth rate that they have experienced to date.” on page 25 of this prospectus.

• The proper functioning of our Gongwuyuan platform and its technology infrastructure is essential to our business. Any errors in or disruption to the PRC operating entities’ IT systems and infrastructure and those on which they rely could materially affect their ability to maintain the satisfactory performance of their platform and deliver consistent services to their clients. See “Risk Factors — Risks Relating to Our Business and Industry — The proper functioning of our Gongwuyuan platform and its technology infrastructure is essential to our business. Any errors in or disruption to the PRC operating entities’ IT systems and infrastructure and those on which they rely could materially affect their ability to maintain the satisfactory performance of their platform and deliver consistent services to their clients.” on page 25 of this prospectus.

• The PRC operating entities rely on cooperation with third party companies for aspects of their business, which could result in disruption, increased costs, reputation risks and may adversely affect their business and results of operations. See “Risk Factors — Risks Relating to Our Business and Industry — The PRC operating entities rely on cooperation with third party companies for aspects of their business, which could result in disruption, increased costs, reputation risks and may adversely affect their business and results of operations.” on page 27 of this prospectus.

• Our customers may raise objection to and claim for compensation for the outsourcing arrangement carried out the PRC operating companies in completing relevant worker recruitment or labor assignments which could have a material adverse effect on our business operation and financial conditions. See “Risk Factors — Risks Relating to Our Business and Industry — Our customers may raise objection to and claim for compensation for the outsourcing arrangement carried out the PRC operating companies in completing relevant worker recruitment or labor assignments which could have a material adverse effect on our business operation and financial conditions.” on page 28 of this prospectus.

Table of Contents

• Due to seasonal variations in demand for blue-collar workers and human resource related services, the PRC operating entities experience material fluctuations in their revenue streams which affect their ability to predict their quarterly results and which may also cause quarterly results to vary from period to period. See “Risk Factors — Risks Relating to Our Business and Industry — Due to seasonal variations in demand for blue-collar workers and human resource related services, the PRC operating entities experience material fluctuations in their revenue streams which affect their ability to predict their quarterly results and which may also cause quarterly results to vary from period to period.” on page 28 of this prospectus.

• The PRC operating entities rely heavily on their information systems, and any failure to properly protect privacy and to maintain and secure the PRC operating entities’ systems could seriously damage the PRC operating entities’ reputation, disrupt the PRC operating entities’ operations and harm their business. See “Risk Factors — Risks Relating to Our Business and Industry — The PRC operating entities rely heavily on their information systems, and any failure to properly protect privacy and to maintain and secure the PRC operating entities’ systems could seriously damage the PRC operating entities’ reputation, disrupt the PRC operating entities’ operations and harm their business.” on page 30 of this prospectus.

• If we fail to maintain an effective system of internal controls over financial reporting, we may not be able to accurately report our financial results or prevent fraud. See “Risk Factors — Risks Relating to Our Business and Industry — If we fail to maintain an effective system of internal controls over financial reporting, we may not be able to accurately report our financial results or prevent fraud.” on page 36 of this prospectus.

• We (or a foreign investor) may become at risk of being taxed or imposed a penalty under Announcement 7 and may be required to expend valuable resources to comply with Announcement 7 or to establish that we (or such foreign investor) should not be taxed under Announcement 7, which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations (or such foreign investor’s investment in us). See “Risk Factors — Risks Relating to Our Business and Industry — We (or a foreign investor) may become at risk of being taxed or imposed a penalty under Announcement 7 and may be required to expend valuable resources to comply with Announcement 7 or to establish that we (or such foreign investor) should not be taxed under Announcement 7, which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations (or such foreign investor’s investment in us).” on page 37 of this prospectus.

Risks Relating to the Variable Interest Entity (VIE) Structure (for a more detailed discussion, see “Risk Factors — Risks Relating to the Variable Interest Entity (VIE) Structure” beginning on page 37 of this prospectus)

We are also subject to risks and uncertainties related to the VIE structure, including, but not limited to, the following:

• The relevant PRC regulatory authorities may find that the Contractual Arrangements with the VIE and its shareholders to operate our business in China do not comply with applicable PRC Laws, or if these applicable PRC Laws or the interpretation of existing applicable PRC Laws change in the future, we could be subject to severe penalties or be forced to relinquish our interests in those operations. Additionally, such determination by the PRC regulatory authorities and changes or interpretations in PRC Laws, if occurred, may cause significant decline in the value of our shares, or even render our shares worthless. See “Risk Factors — Risks Relating to the Variable Interest Entity (VIE) Structure — The relevant PRC regulatory authorities may find that the Contractual Arrangements with the VIE and its shareholders to operate our business in China do not comply with applicable PRC Laws, or if these applicable PRC Laws or the interpretation of existing applicable PRC Laws change in the future, we could be subject to severe penalties or be forced to relinquish our interests in those operations. Additionally, such determination by the PRC regulatory authorities and changes or interpretations in PRC Laws, if occurred, may cause significant decline in the value of our shares, or even render our shares worthless.” on page 37 of this prospectus.

• We rely on Contractual Arrangements with the VIE and certain shareholders of the VIE to consolidate financial results of the PRC operating entities. We do not have an equity ownership in, direct foreign investment in, or control of, through such ownership or investment, the VIE. See “Risk Factors — Risks Relating to the Variable Interest Entity (VIE) Structure — We rely on Contractual Arrangements with the

Table of Contents

VIE and certain shareholders of the VIE to consolidate financial results of the PRC operating entities. We do not have an equity ownership in, direct foreign investment in, or control of, through such ownership or investment, the VIE.” on page 38 of this prospectus.

• We may lose the ability to use and enjoy assets held by Gongwuyuan that are material to our business operations if Gongwuyuan or one of its subsidiaries declares bankruptcy or become subject to a dissolution or liquidation proceeding. See “Risk Factors — Risks Relating to the Variable Interest Entity (VIE) Structure — We may lose the ability to use and enjoy assets held by Gongwuyuan that are material to our business operations if Gongwuyuan or one of its subsidiaries declares bankruptcy or become subject to a dissolution or liquidation proceeding.” on page 40 of this prospectus.

• The interpretation and implementation of the newly enacted Foreign Investment Law may be subject to change, and how it may impact the viability of our current corporate structure, corporate governance, business, financial condition and results of operations. See “Risk Factors — Risks Relating to the Variable Interest Entity (VIE) Structure — The interpretation and implementation of the newly enacted Foreign Investment Law may be subject to change, and how it may impact the viability of our current corporate structure, corporate governance, business, financial condition and results of operations.” on page 40 of this prospectus.

Risks Relating to Doing Business in China (for a more detailed discussion, see “Risk Factors — Risks Relating to Doing Business in China” beginning on page 42 of this prospectus)

We face risks and uncertainties related to doing business in China in general, including, but not limited to, the following:

• The Chinese regulatory authorities may strengthen the supervision of securities offering, listing and business operation of U.S. listed Chinese companies, and the PRC government may intervene or influence the operations of the PRC operating entities at any time, or may exert control over their operations, by enactment or implementation of laws, regulation or policies, which could result in a material change in our operations and significantly and adversely impact the value of the Ordinary Shares, including potentially causing the value of the Ordinary Shares to decline or be worthless. See “Risk Factors — Risks Relating to Doing Business in China — The Chinese regulatory authorities may strengthen the supervision of securities offering, listing and business operation of U.S. listed Chinese companies, and the PRC government may intervene or influence the operations of the PRC operating entities at any time, or may exert control over their operations, by enactment or implementation of laws, regulation or policies, which could result in a material change in our operations and significantly and adversely impact the value of the Ordinary Shares, including potentially causing the value of the Ordinary Shares to decline or be worthless.” on page 42 of this prospectus.

• PRC laws and regulations governing our current business operations sometimes involve uncertainty, and sudden or unexpected changes in laws and regulations in China applicable to us could adversely affect us and limit the legal protections available to you and us. See “Risk Factors — Risks Relating to Doing Business in China — PRC laws and regulations governing our current business operations sometimes involve uncertainty, and sudden or unexpected changes in laws and regulations in China applicable to us could adversely affect us and limit the legal protections available to you and us.” on page 44 of this prospectus.

• The PRC operating entities may be liable for improper collection, use or appropriation of personal information provided by our customers and users. See “Risk Factors — Risks Relating to Doing Business in China — The PRC operating entities may be liable for improper collection, use or appropriation of personal information provided by our customers and users.” on page 48 of this prospectus.

• We rely on dividends and other distributions on equity paid by our PRC subsidiary to fund any cash and financing requirements we may have, and any limitation on the ability of our PRC subsidiary to make payments to us could have a material adverse effect on our ability to conduct our business. See “Risk Factors — Risks Relating to Doing Business in China — We rely on dividends and other distributions on equity paid by our PRC subsidiary to fund any cash and financing requirements we may have, and any limitation on the ability of our PRC subsidiary to make payments to us could have a material adverse effect on our ability to conduct our business.” on page 50 of this prospectus.

Table of Contents

• Failure to obtain or renew relevant requisite licenses, permits, authorization, approvals or certificates from the relevant government authorities related to our business operation could have a material adverse effect on our ability to conduct our business and our financial conditions. See “Risk Factors — Risks Relating to Doing Business in China — Failure to obtain or renew relevant requisite licenses, permits, authorization, approvals or certificates from the relevant government authorities related to our business operation could have a material adverse effect on our ability to conduct our business and our financial conditions.” on page 54 of this prospectus.

• It may be difficult to effect service of process upon our directors or officers named in this prospectus or enforce foreign court judgements against us or them. See “Risk Factors — Risks Relating to Doing Business in China — It may be difficult to effect service of process upon our directors or officers named in this prospectus or enforce foreign court judgements against us or them.” on page 59 of this prospectus.

Risks Relating to the Offering (for a more detailed discussion, see “Risk Factors — Risks Relating to the Offering” beginning on page 60 of this prospectus)

Risks and uncertainties related to our offering include, but are not limited to, the following:

• A recent joint statement by the SEC and the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), or the “PCAOB,” proposed rule changes submitted by Nasdaq, and an act passed by the U.S. Senate all call for additional and more stringent criteria to be applied to emerging market companies upon assessing the qualification of their auditors, especially the non-U.S. auditors who are not inspected by the PCAOB. These developments could add uncertainties to our listing on Nasdaq in the future. See “Risk Factors — Risks Relating to the Offering — A recent joint statement by the SEC and the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), or the “PCAOB,” proposed rule changes submitted by Nasdaq, and an act passed by the U.S. Senate all call for additional and more stringent criteria to be applied to emerging market companies upon assessing the qualification of their auditors, especially the non-U.S. auditors who are not inspected by the PCAOB. These developments could add uncertainties to our listing on Nasdaq in the future.” on page 60 of this prospectus.

• There has been no prior public market for our Ordinary Shares and the liquidity and market price of our Ordinary Shares may be volatile. See “Risk Factors — Risks Relating to the Offering — There has been no prior public market for our Ordinary Shares and the liquidity and market price of our Ordinary Shares may be volatile.” on page 62 of this prospectus.

• Our Ordinary Share price may change significantly following the initial public offering regardless of our operating performance, and you may not be able to resell your Ordinary Shares at or above the initial public offering price. See “Risk Factors — Risks Relating to the Offering — Our Ordinary Share price may change significantly following the initial public offering regardless of our operating performance, and you may not be able to resell your Ordinary Shares at or above the initial public offering price.” on page 62 of this prospectus.

• You will incur immediate and substantial dilution and may experience further dilution in the future. See “Risk Factors — Risks Relating to the Offering — You will incur immediate and substantial dilution and may experience further dilution in the future.” on page 64 of this prospectus.

• We are an exempted company with limited liability incorporated under the laws of the Cayman Islands, and you may have different protection of your shareholder rights than you would have under United States law. See “Risk Factors — Risks Relating to the Offering — We are an exempted company with limited liability incorporated under the laws of the Cayman Islands, and you may have different protection of your shareholder rights than you would have under United States law.” on page 64 of this prospectus.

Recent Regulatory Developments in China

Table of Contents

In addition, recently, the PRC regulatory authorities announced to step up supervision of Chinese companies listed offshore, including cracking down on illegal activities in the securities market, enhancing supervision over overseas listing of domestic enterprises, adopting new measures to extend the scope of cybersecurity reviews, and expanding efforts in anti-monopoly enforcement. On November 14, 2021, the Cyberspace Administration of China published the Administrative Regulations on Internet Data Security (Draft for Comment), or the “Administrative Regulations Draft”, which reiterates that data handlers that process the personal information of more than one million users listing in a foreign country should apply for a cybersecurity review. On December 28, 2021, the Measures for Cybersecurity Review (2021 version) was promulgated and became effective on February 15, 2022, which iterates that any online platform operators controlling personal information of more than one million users which seeks to list in a foreign stock exchange should be subject to cybersecurity review. On July 7, 2022, the Measures for the Security Assessment of Outbound Data Transfers, or the Measures was published and became effective on September 1, 2022, which requires security assessment of outbound data transfers in cases, among others, outbound transfer of important data, outbound transfer of personal information by a critical information infrastructure operator or a personal information processor who has processed the personal information of more than one million people. We currently do not have over one million users’ personal information and do not anticipate that we will be collecting over one million users’ personal information in the foreseeable future; Further, the PRC operating entities’ business operations do not involve any Critical Information Infrastructure, and neither we nor the PRC operating entities has received any notification from applicable PRC governmental authorities indicating that any of the PRC operating entities’ products or services is determined as the Critical Information Infrastructure. In view of the above, our PRC legal counsel is of the view that we are not subject to the cybersecurity review for this offering under the Measures for Cybersecurity Review (2021 version), the Administrative Regulations Draft if enacted as proposed, or the Measures. As of the date of this prospectus, neither we nor the PRC operating entities have received any notification from applicable PRC governmental authorities indicating that we or our PRC operating entities shall file for a cybersecurity review. In addition, as of the date of this prospectus, neither we nor our PRC operating entities have been subject to any anti-monopoly investigation, penalty of litigation initiated by government authorities or third parties. Furthermore, we will continue to monitor for updates of applicable PRC anti-monopoly laws and regulations. Currently, these statements and regulatory actions have had no material impact on our daily business operations, the ability to accept foreign investments and list our securities on a U.S. or other foreign exchange. However, since these statements and regulatory actions are new, it is uncertain how soon legislative or administrative regulation making bodies will respond and what existing or new laws or regulations or detailed implementations and interpretations will be modified or promulgated, if any, and the potential impact such modified or new laws and regulations will have on our daily business operations, the ability to accept foreign investments and list our securities on a U.S. or other foreign exchange. See “Risk Factors — Risks Relating to Doing Business in China — The Chinese regulatory authorities may strengthen the supervision of securities offering, listing and business operation of U.S. listed Chinese companies, and the PRC government may intervene or influence the operations of the PRC operating entities at any time, or may exert control over their operations, by enactment or implementation of laws, regulation or policies, which could result in a material change in our operations and significantly and adversely impact the value of the Ordinary Shares, including potentially causing the value of the Ordinary Shares to decline or be worthless; — PRC laws and regulations governing our current business operations sometimes involve uncertainty, and sudden or unexpected changes in laws and regulations in China applicable to us could adversely affect us and limit the legal protections available to you and us; — The PRC legal system is evolving, and the PRC laws and regulations governing our current business operations may be updated and amended from time to time which could adversely affect us; — The approval of the China Securities Regulatory Commission or other PRC regulatory agencies may be required in connection with this registration under PRC law.”

Implications of Us Being an “Emerging Growth Company”

As a company with less than $1.235 billion in revenue during our last fiscal year, we qualify as an “emerging growth company” as defined in the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012, or the JOBS Act. An “emerging growth company” may take advantage of reduced reporting requirements that are otherwise generally applicable to public companies. In particular, as an emerging growth company, we:

• may present only two years of audited financial statements and only two years of related Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, or MD&A;

• are not required to provide a detailed narrative disclosure discussing our compensation principles, objectives and elements and analyzing how those elements fit with our principles and objectives, which is commonly referred to as “compensation discussion and analysis”;

Table of Contents

• are not required to obtain an attestation and report from our auditors on our management’s assessment of our internal control over financial reporting pursuant to the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002;

• are not required to obtain a non-binding advisory vote from our shareholders on executive compensation or golden parachute arrangements (commonly referred to as the “say-on-pay,” “say-on frequency” and “say-on-golden-parachute” votes);

• are exempt from certain executive compensation disclosure provisions requiring a pay-for-performance graph and CEO pay ratio disclosure;

• are eligible to claim longer phase-in periods for the adoption of new or revised financial accounting standards under §107 of the JOBS Act; and

• will not be required to conduct an evaluation of our internal control over financial reporting until our second annual report on Form 20-F following the effectiveness of our initial public offering.

We intend to take advantage of all of these reduced reporting requirements and exemptions, including the longer phase-in periods for the adoption of new or revised financial accounting standards under §107 of the JOBS Act. Our election to use the phase-in periods may make it difficult to compare our financial statements to those of non-emerging growth companies and other emerging growth companies that have opted out of the phase-in periods under §107 of the JOBS Act.

Under the JOBS Act, we may take advantage of the above-described reduced reporting requirements and exemptions for up to five years after our initial sale of Ordinary Shares pursuant to a registration statement declared effective under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, herein referred to as the Securities Act, or such earlier time that we no longer meet the definition of an emerging growth company. The JOBS Act provides that we would cease to be an “emerging growth company” if we have more than $1.235 billion in annual revenues, have more than $700 million in market value of our ordinary shares held by non-affiliates, or issue more than $1 billion in principal amount of non-convertible debt over a three-year period.

Foreign Private Issuer

We are a foreign private issuer within the meaning of the rules under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). As such, we are exempt from certain provisions applicable to United States domestic public companies. For example:

• we are not required to provide as many Exchange Act reports, or as frequently, as a domestic public company;

• for interim reporting, we are permitted to comply solely with our home country requirements, which are less rigorous than the rules that apply to domestic public companies;

• we are not required to provide the same level of disclosure on certain issues, such as executive compensation;

• we are exempt from provisions of Regulation FD aimed at preventing issuers from making selective disclosures of material information;

• we are not required to comply with the sections of the Exchange Act regulating the solicitation of proxies, consents or authorizations in respect of a security registered under the Exchange Act; and

• we are not required to comply with Section 16 of the Exchange Act requiring insiders to file public reports of their share ownership and trading activities and establishing insider liability for profits realized from any “short-swing” trading transaction.

Conventions that Apply to this Prospectus

Unless the context indicates otherwise, all information in this prospectus assumes no exercise by the underwriters of their over-allotment option.

Table of Contents

This prospectus contains information and statistics relating to China’s economy and the industries in which we operate derived from various publications issued by market research companies and PRC governmental entities, which have not been independently verified by us, the underwriters or any of their affiliates or advisers including iResearch, a market research and consulting firm engaged by us with respect to information on the recruitment crowdsourcing market in China. The information in such sources may not be consistent with other information compiled in or outside of China.

We use U.S. dollars as the reporting currency in our financial statements and in this prospectus. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in Renminbi are translated into U.S. dollars at the rates of exchange as of the applicable balance sheet date. Equity accounts are translated at historical exchange rates, and revenues, expenses, gains and losses are translated using the average rates for the applicable period. In other parts of this prospectus, any Renminbi denominated amounts are accompanied by the related translations. We make no representation that the Renminbi or U.S. dollar amounts referred to in this prospectus could have been or could be converted into U.S. dollars or Renminbi, as the case may be, at any particular rate or at all. The PRC government restricts or prohibits the conversion of Renminbi into foreign currency and foreign currency into Renminbi for certain types of transactions — overseas investments in areas including real estate, hotels, cinemas, the entertainment industry, and sports clubs will be limited, while investments in some sectors such as gambling will be banned.

Table of Contents

The Offering

Ordinary Shares Offered by Us:		3,000,000 ordinary shares (3,450,000 ordinary shares if the underwriters exercise their over-allotment option in full).
Initial offering price range:		$4.00 to $6.00.
Number of Ordinary Shares outstanding before the offering:		10,000,000 ordinary shares(1)
Ordinary Shares to be outstanding after this offering:		13,000,000 ordinary shares (13,450,000 ordinary shares if the underwriters exercise their over-allotment option in full).
Over-Allotment Option:		The underwriters have an option for a period of 45 days to purchase up to 450,000 ordinary shares to cover over-allotments, if any.
Use of Proceeds:		We expect net proceeds from this offering of $12.64 million, which does not include the $500,000 of the offering proceeds to be used to fund an escrow account to indemnity the underwriters. We anticipate that we will use the net proceeds from this offering to continue development of the Gongwuyuan Platform; to pursue suitable opportunities for business growth and expansion within the industry; to support our marketing; to fund increased compensation for employees and training enhancements; and to provide funding for working capital and other general corporate purposes. Proceeds of this offering in the amount of $500,000 shall be used to fund an escrow account for a period of 12 months following the closing date of this offering, which account shall be used in the event we have to indemnify the underwriters pursuant to the terms of an underwriting agreement with the underwriters. See “Use of Proceeds” on page 70 of this prospectus.
Lock-up agreements:		We and each our directors and officers and certain shareholders have agreed with the underwriters, subject to certain exceptions, not to sell, transfer or dispose of, directly or indirectly, any of our ordinary shares or securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for our ordinary shares for a period of six months from the date of this prospectus. See “Shares Eligible for Future Sale” and “Underwriting” for more information.
Tax Considerations		You are urged to consult your own tax advisers with respect to the U.S. Federal tax consequences of purchasing, owning and disposing of our Ordinary Shares. See “Material Income Tax Consideration — Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations for U.S. Holders” on page 156 of this prospectus.
Risk Factors:		See “Risk Factors” beginning on page 24 for risks you should consider before investing in our Ordinary Shares.
Proposed Trading Symbol:		We intend to apply to list our Ordinary Shares on the NASDAQ Capital Market under the symbol “BIYA”.

____________

(1) The number of shares of Ordinary Shares to be outstanding after the offering is based on 10,000,000 Ordinary Shares outstanding as of _____, 2023 (following the capital reorganization approved by the board of director of Baiya on December 15, 2022 for the issuance of an additional 9,900,000 Ordinary Shares, at $0.0001 par value, on a pro rata basis to current shareholders).

Except as otherwise indicated herein, all information in this prospectus assumes no exercise by the underwriters of their over-allotment option to purchase additional Ordinary Shares.

Table of Contents

SUMMARY CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL DATA

The following table summarizes our consolidated financial data. The following historical statements of operations for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, and balance sheet data as of June 30, 2023, have been derived from our (including the VIE’s and its subsidiaries’) unaudited financial statements for those periods. The following statement of operations data for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, and the balance sheet data as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, have been derived from our (including the VIE’s and its subsidiaries’) audited financial statements that are included elsewhere in this prospectus. Our (including the VIE’s and its subsidiaries’) historical results are not necessarily indicative of our results in any future period.

You should read the following selected consolidated financial data together with “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and our financial statements and the related notes included elsewhere in this prospectus. The selected consolidated financial data in this section are not intended to replace our financial statements and the related notes and are qualified in their entirety by the financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this prospectus.

	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2023 (UNAUDITED)			2022 (UNAUDITED)
Statement of Operations Data
Net revenues	$	4,695,710		$	6,762,844
Gross profit	$	301,924		$	508,613
Total operating expenses	$	474,103		$	903,094
Loss from operations	$	(172,179	)	$	(394,481	)
Total other income (expense), net	$	(412	)	$	26,372
Loss before income taxes	$	(172,591	)	$	(368,109	)
Net loss attributable to Baiya International Group Inc.	$	(176,969	)	$	(360,502	)

	For the Years Ended December 31,
	2022			2021
Statement of Operations Data
Net revenues	$	13,161,560		$	20,824,565
Gross profit	$	1,526,340		$	2,675,958
Total operating expenses	$	2,928,597		$	2,301,986
(Loss) income from operations	$	(1,402,257	)	$	373,972
Total other income, net	$	95,997		$	78,568
(Loss) income before income taxes	$	(1,306,260	)	$	452,540
Net (loss) income attributable to Baiya International Group Inc.	$	(1,264,103	)	$	239,597

The following table presents our (including the VIE’s and its subsidiaries’) summary consolidated balance sheets data as of June 30, 2023, December 31, 2022 and 2021:

	As of June 30, 2023 (UNAUDITED)		As of December 31, 2022
Balance Sheet Data
Total current assets	$	8,082,071	$	7,712,944
Total non-current assets	$	99,156	$	165,485
Total assets	$	8,181,227	$	7,878,429
Total current liabilities	$	6,575,407	$	6,121,905
Total liabilities	$	6,738,914	$	6,175,758
Total shareholders’ equity	$	1,442,313	$	1,702,671

Table of Contents

	As of December 31, 2021
Balance Sheet Data
Total current assets	$	7,517,446
Total non-current assets	$	364,085
Total assets	$	7,881,531
Total current liabilities	$	4,620,014
Total liabilities	$	4,635,115
Total shareholders’ equity	$	3,246,416

The tables below are condensed consolidating schedules summarizing separately the operations, financial position and cash flows of Baiya (“Parent” in the tables below), Ruifeng BVI and Juxing HK (“Subsidiaries” in the tables below that is exclusive of Pengze WFOE), Pengze WFOE (“WFOE” in the tables below), Gongwuyuan and its subsidiaries (“VIE and its Subsidiaries” in the table below), for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, and for the years ended and December 31, 2022 and 2021, and as of June 30, 2023, as of December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021. In preparation of listing on a U.S. stock exchange as part of an initial public offering, the Company underwent a reorganization through entering into various Contractual Arrangements, which became effective as of December 29, 2021, and on December 21, 2022, Penze WFOE and Gongwuyuan entered into a supplement to the Exclusive Consulting and Service Agreement to clarify that no consulting service fees pertaining to the agreement need to be paid for the period December 29, 2021 to December 31, 2021. In this respect, the Parent does not show any investment or share of income/(loss) from VIE and VIE’s Subsidiaries until commencement of the contractual arrangements with the VIE, which is December 29, 2021. For the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, Pengze WFOE didn’t charge any consulting service fees based on the Contractual Arrangements as the VIE and its subsidiaries incurred losses during this period; thus no line shows the service income charged to VIE in the column of WFOE. The Parent, Subsidiaries and WFOE has the share of loss from VIE and VIE’s subsidiaries during the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 and the equity in VIE and VIE’s subsidiaries as of June 30 2023. For the year ended December 31, 2022, Pengze WFOE didn’t charge any consulting service fees based on the Contractual Arrangements as the VIE and its subsidiaries incurred losses during this period; thus no line shows the service income charged to VIE in the column of WFOE. The Parent, Subsidiaries and WFOE has the share of loss from VIE and VIE’s subsidiaries during the year ended December 31, 2022 and the equity in VIE and VIE’s subsidiaries as of December 31, 2022. For the three days period from December 29, 2021 to December 31, 2021, Pengze WFOE agreed not to charge the VIE any consulting service fees. Therefore, there were no consulting service fees charged to the VIE by Pengze WFOE for the year ended December 31, 2021. The Baiya, Ruifeng BVI, WFOE had no transactions incurred during the period from each entity’s inception date in 2021 to June 30, 2023, or any balance recorded in each standalone financial statement as of June 30, 2023. The Juxing HK and Pengze WFOE had limited operating expenses and related party loans and was recorded in standalone financial statements of each entity during the six months ended June 30, 2023, and during the year ended December 31, 2022. The Baiya, Ruifeng BVI, Juxing HK and Pengze WFOE had no transactions incurred during the period from each entity’s inception date in 2021 to December 31, 2021, or any balance recorded in each standalone financial statement as of December 31, 2021. Upon the effectiveness of the Contractual Arrangements on December 29, 2021, Pengze WFOE recognized the initial “Equity in VIE and VIE’s subsidiaries” based on the 95% of the net assets of VIE and VIE’s subsidiaries. For the three days period from December 29, 2021 to December 31, 2021, Pengze WFOE did not pick up any share in earnings in VIE and VIE’s subsidiaries since it’s not material.

Table of Contents

Condensed Consolidating Schedule of Results of Operations

	Six Months Ended June 30, 2023 (UNAUDITED)
	Parent		Subsidiaries			WFOE			VIE and Its Subsidiaries			Eliminating Adjustments		Consolidated Totals
Net revenues	$	—	$	—		$	—		$	4,695,710		$	—	$	4,695,710
Cost of revenues		—		—			—			4,393,786			—		4,393,786
Gross profit		—		—			—			301,924			—		301,924
Operating expenses		—		800			19,169			454,134			—		474,103
Loss from operations		—		(800	)		(19,169	)		(152,210	)		—		(172,179	)
Loss from subsidiaries, VIE and VIE’s subsidiaries		—		—			—			—			—		—
Other income, net		—		—			—			(412	)		—		(412	)
Loss before income tax		—		(800	)		(19,169	)		(152,622	)		—		(172,591	)
Income tax expense		—		—			—			12,642			—		12,642
Net loss		—		(800	)		(19,169	)		(165,264	)		—		(185,233	)
Less: net loss attributable to non-controlling interests		—		—			—			(8,264	)		—		(8,264	)
Net loss attributable to Baiya International Group Inc.	$	—	$	(800	)	$	(19,169	)	$	(157,000	)	$	—	$	(176,969	)

	Six Months Ended June 30, 2022 (UNAUDITED)
	Parent			Subsidiaries			WFOE			VIE and Its Subsidiaries			Eliminating Adjustments		Consolidated Totals
Net revenues	$	—		$	—		$	—		$	6,762,844		$	—	$	6,762,844
Cost of revenues		—			—			—			6,254,231			—		6,254,231
Gross profit		—			—			—			508,613			—		508,613
Operating expenses		—			—			—			903,094			—		903,094
Loss from operations		—			—			—			(394,481	)		—		(394,481	)
Loss from subsidiaries, VIE and VIE’s subsidiaries		(360,502	)		(360,502	)		(360,502	)		—			1,081,506		—
Other income, net		—			—			—			26,372			—		26,372
Loss before income tax		(360,502	)		(360,502	)		(360,502	)		(368,109	)		1,081,506		(368,109	)
Income tax expense		—			—			—			11,367			—		11,367
Net loss		(360,502	)		(360,502	)		(360,502	)		(379,476	)		1,081,506		(379,476	)
Less: net loss attributable to non-controlling interests		—			—			—			(18,974	)		—		(18,974	)
Net loss attributable to Baiya International Group Inc.	$	(360,502	)	$	(360,502	)	$	(360,502	)	$	(360,502	)	$	1,081,506	$	(360,502	)

	For the Year Ended December 31, 2022
	Parent		Subsidiaries			WFOE			VIE and Its Subsidiaries			Eliminating Adjustments			Consolidated Totals
Net revenues	$	—	$	4,300		$	—		$	13,161,560		$	(4,300	)	$	13,161,560
Cost of revenues		—		—			—			11,635,220			—			11,635,220
Gross profit		—		4,300			—			1,526,340			(4,300	)		1,526,340
Operating expenses		—		5,250			17,094			2,910,553			(4,300	)		2,928,597
Income (loss) from operations		—		(950	)		(17,094	)		(1,384,213	)		—			(1,402,257	)
Income from subsidiaries, VIE and VIE’s subsidiaries		—		—			—			—			—			—
Other income (expenses), net		—		—			(69	)		96,066			—			95,997
Income (loss) before income tax		—		(950	)		(17,163	)		(1,288,147	)		—			(1,306,260	)
Income tax expense		—		—			—			23,421			—			23,421
Net income (loss)		—		(950	)		(17,163	)		(1,311,568	)		—			(1,329,681	)
Less: net income attributable to non-controlling interests		—		—			—			(65,578	)		—			(65,578	)
Net income attributable to Baiya International Group Inc.	$	—	$	(950	)	$	(17,163	)	$	(1,245,990	)	$	—		$	(1,264,103	)

Table of Contents

	For the Year Ended December 31, 2021
	Parent		Subsidiaries		WFOE		Pre-VIE and its subsidiaries		Eliminating Adjustments		Consolidated Totals
Net revenues	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	20,824,565	$	—	$	20,824,565
Cost of revenues		—		—		—		18,148,607		—		18,148,607
Gross profit		—		—		—		2,675,958		—		2,675,958
Operating expenses		—		—		—		2,301,986		—		2,301,986
Income from operations		—		—		—		373,972		—		373,972
Income from subsidiaries, VIE and VIE’s subsidiaries		—		—		—		—		—		—
Other income, net		—		—		—		78,568		—		78,568
Income before income tax		—		—		—		452,540		—		452,540
Income tax expense		—		—		—		200,333		—		200,333
Net income		—		—		—		252,207		—		252,207
Less: net income attributable to non-controlling interests		—		—		—		12,610		—		12,610
Net income attributable to Baiya International Group Inc.	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	239,597	$	—	$	239,597

Condensed Consolidating Schedule of Financial Position

	As of June 30, 2023 (UNAUDITED)
	Parent		Subsidiaries			WFOE			VIE and Its Subsidiaries		Eliminating Adjustments			Consolidated Totals
Cash	$	—	$	—		$	1,136		$	2,406,823	$	—		$	2,407,959
Accounts receivable, net		—		—			—			2,592,305		—			2,592,305
Advance to suppliers, net		—		—			—			149,998		—			149,998
Due from related parties		—		—			—			1,818,128		—			1,818,128
Deferred IPO costs		69,807								360,585					430,392
Prepaid expense and other current assets		—		—			317			752,779		(69,807	)		683,289
Amounts due from subsidiaries and VIE		—		—			—			—		—			—
Investment in subsidiaries and equity in VIE and VIE’s subsidiaries		—		—			—			—		—			—
Others		—		—			—			99,156		—			99,156
Total assets	$	69,807	$	—		$	1,453		$	8,179,774	$	(69,807	)	$	8,181,227
Accounts payable	$	—	$	—		$	—		$	2,265,498	$	—		$	2,265,498
Advance from customers		—		—			—			29,870		—			29,870
Accrued liabilities and other payables		69,807		1,750			1,726			1,686,994		(69,807	)		1,690,470
Taxes payable		—		—			116			227,624		—			227,740
Due to related parties		—		—			33,854			1,521,327		—			1,555,181
Amounts due to subsidiaries and VIE		—		—			—			—		—			—
Others		—		—			—			970,155		—			970,155
Total liabilities		69,807		1,750			35,696			6,701,468		(69,807	)		6,738,914
Total Company shareholders’ equity		—		(1,750	)		(34,243	)		1,404,391					1,368,398
Non-controlling interests		—		—			—			73,915		—			73,915
Total equity	$		$	(1,750	)	$	(34,243	)	$	1,478,306	$			$	1,442,313

Table of Contents

	As of December 31, 2022
	Parent		Subsidiaries			WFOE			VIE and Its Subsidiaries		Eliminating Adjustments			Consolidated Totals
Cash	$	—	$	—		$	494		$	2,403,676	$	—		$	2,404,170
Accounts receivable, net		—		—			—			2,432,947		—			2,432,947
Advance to suppliers, net		—		—			—			41,564		—			41,564
Due from related parties		—		—			—			1,969,553		—			1,969,553
Deferred IPO costs		73,396		—			—			379,125		—			452,521
Prepaid expense and other current assets		—		—			308			485,277		(73,396	)		412,189
Amounts due from subsidiaries and VIE		—		—			—			—		—			—
Investment in subsidiaries and equity in VIE and VIE’s subsidiaries		—		—			—			—		—			—
Others		—		—			—			165,485		—			165,485
Total assets	$	73,396	$	—		$	802		$	7,877,627	$	(73,396	)	$	7,878,429
Accounts payable	$	—	$	—		$	—		$	1,772,456	$	—		$	1,772,456
Advance from customers		—		—			—			31,406		—			31,406
Accrued liabilities and other payables		73,396		950			2,285			1,844,812		(73,396	)		1,848,047
Taxes payable		—		—			38			238,369		—			238,407
Due to related parties		—		—			15,224			1,483,104		—			1,498,328
Amounts due to subsidiaries and VIE		—		—			—			—		—			—
Others		—		—			—			787,114		—			787,114
Total liabilities		73,396		950			17,547			6,157,261		(73,396	)		6,175,758
Total Company shareholders’ equity		—		(950	)		(16,745	)		1,634,348		—			1,616,654
Non-controlling interests		—		—			—			86,017		—			86,017
Total equity	$	—	$	(950	)	$	(16,745	)	$	1,720,366	$	—		$	1,702,671

Table of Contents

	As of December 31, 2021
	Parent		Subsidiaries		WFOE		VIE and Its Subsidiaries		Eliminating Adjustments			Consolidated Totals
Cash	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	134,488	$	—		$	134,488
Accounts receivable, net		—		—		—		3,932,509		—			3,932,509
Advance to suppliers, net		—		—		—		231,258		—			231,258
Due from related parties		—		—		—		2,933,960		—			2,933,960
Prepaid expense and other current assets		—		—		—		285,231		—			285,231
Amounts due from subsidiaries and VIE		—		—		—		—		—			—
Investment in subsidiaries and equity in VIE and VIE’s subsidiaries		3,084,096		3,084,096		3,084,096		—		(9,252,288	)		—
Others								364,085					364,085
Total assets	$	3,084,096	$	3,084,096	$	3,084,096	$	7,881,531	$	(9,252,288	)	$	7,881,531
Accounts payable	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	2,248,317	$	—		$	2,248,317
Advance from customers		—		—		—		56,811		—			56,811
Accrued liabilities and other payables		—		—		—		1,704,417		—			1,704,417
Taxes payable		—		—		—		359,532		—			359,532
Due to related parties		—		—		—		216,914		—			216,914
Amounts due to subsidiaries and VIE		—		—		—		—		—			—
Others		—		—		—		49,124		—			49,124
Total liabilities		—		—		—		4,635,115		—			4,635,115
Total Company shareholders’ equity		3,084,096		3,084,096		3,084,096		3,084,096		(9,252,288	)		3,084,096
Non-controlling interests		—		—		—		162,320		—			162,320
Total equity	$	3,084,096	$	3,084,096	$	3,084,096	$	3,246,416	$	(9,252,288	)	$	3,246,416

Condensed Consolidating Schedule of Cash Flows

	For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2023 (UNAUDITED)
	Parent		Subsidiaries		WFOE			VIE and Its Subsidiaries			Eliminating Adjustments		Consolidated Totals
Net cash used in operating activities	$	—	$	—	$	695		$	(87,375	)	$	—	$	(86,680	)
Net cash used in investing activities		—		—		—			—			—		—
Net cash provided by financing activities		—		—		—			213,663			—		213,663
Effect of exchange rate change on cash		—		—		(53	)		(123,141	)		—		(123,194	)
Net increase in cash		—		—		642			3,147			—		3,789
Cash, beginning of the year		—		—		494			2,403,676			—		2,404,170
Cash, end of the year	$	—	$	—	$	1,136		$	2,406,823		$	—	$	2,407,959

Table of Contents

	For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2022 (UNAUDITED)
	Parent		Subsidiaries		WFOE		VIE and Its Subsidiaries			Eliminating Adjustments		Consolidated Totals
Net cash used in operating activities	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	(807,970	)	$	—	$	(807,970	)
Net cash used in investing activities		—		—		—		—			—		—
Net cash provided by financing activities		—		—		—		900,267			—		900,267
Effect of exchange rate change on cash		—		—		—		(9,505	)		—		(9,505	)
Net increase in cash		—		—		—		82,792			—		82,792
Cash, beginning of the year		—		—		—		134,488			—		134,488
Cash, end of the year	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	217,280		$	—	$	217,280

	For the Year Ended December 31, 2022
	Parent		Subsidiaries		WFOE			VIE and Its Subsidiaries			Eliminating Adjustments		Consolidated Totals
Net cash provided by operating activities	$	—	$	—	$	506		$	1,552,390		$	—	$	1,552,896
Net cash used in investing activities		—		—		—			—			—		—
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities		—		—		—			783,918			—		783,918
Effect of exchange rate change on cash		—		—		(12	)		(67,120	)		—		(67,132	)
Net increase in cash		—		—		494			2,269,188			—		2,269,682
Cash, beginning of the year		—		—		—			134,488			—		134,488
Cash, end of the year	$	—	$	—	$	494		$	2,403,676		$	—	$	2,404,170

	For the Year Ended December 31, 2021
	Parent		Subsidiaries		WFOE		VIE and Its Subsidiaries			Eliminating Adjustments		Consolidated Totals
Net cash used in operating activities	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	(1,557,515	)	$	—	$	(1,557,515	)
Net cash used in investing activities		—		—		—		(2,924	)		—		(2,924	)
Net cash provided by financing activities		—		—		—		1,397,442			—		1,397,442
Effect of exchange rate change on cash		—		—		—		(5,358	)		—		(5,358	)
Net decrease in cash		—		—		—		(168,355	)		—		(168,355	)
Cash, beginning of the year		—		—		—		302,843			—		302,843
Cash, end of the year	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	134,488		$	—	$	134,488

Table of Contents

RISK FACTORS

The Ordinary Shares being offered by us are highly speculative in nature, involve a high degree of risk and should be purchased only by persons who can afford to lose the entire amount invested. Before purchasing any of our Ordinary Shares, you should carefully consider the following risks and other information in this prospectus. You should pay particular attention to the fact that we conduct all of our operations in China through the PRC operating entities and are governed by a legal and regulatory environment that in some respects differs significantly from the environment that may prevail in the U.S. and other countries. If any of the following risks actually occurs, our business, financial condition and operating results could be adversely affected, the trading price of our shares could decline, and you may lose all or part of your investment.

Risks Relating to Our Business and Industry

Our PRC operating entities operate in the emerging, dynamic, and competitive flexible employment industry, which makes it difficult for investors to evaluate our PRC operating entities’ future prospects, and we cannot assure you that their current or future strategies will be successfully implemented or will generate sustainable profit.

We primarily operate in China’s flexible employment industry through our PRC operating entities. The flexible employment industry is relatively new and rapidly evolving, business models continue to evolve, and the industry may not develop as we anticipate. The regulatory framework in China governing the flexible employment industry is also developing and may still be subject to change in the near future. As our PRC operating entities’ business develops and in response to the evolving client needs and market competition, our PRC operating entities need to continuously introduce new services, improve their existing services, or adjust and optimize their business model. In response to new regulatory requirements or industry standards, or in connection with the introduction of new services, our PRC operating entities may need to impose more rigorous risk management systems and policies, which may negatively affect the growth of their business. Any significant change to our PRC operating entities’ business model may not achieve expected results and may materially and adversely affect their financial condition and results of operations. It is therefore difficult to accurately predict the PRC operating entities’ future prospects.

You should consider the PRC operating entities’ business and prospects in light of the risks and challenges that they encounter or may encounter as an entrant in the newly emerging and rapidly evolving market in which they operate and their limited operating history. These risks and challenges include the PRC operating entities’ ability to, among other things:

• build a well-recognized and respected brand;

• continue to develop and improve the Gongwuyuan Platform;

• establish and expand the PRC operating entities’ client base;

• maintain and enhance the PRC operating entities’ relationships with their business partners;

• attract, retain, and motivate talented employees;

• anticipate and adapt to changing market conditions and competitive landscape;

• manage the PRC operating entities’ future growth;

• ensure that the performance of the Gongwuyuan Platform and services meets client expectations;

• maintain or improve the PRC operating entities’ operational efficiency;

• navigate a complex and evolving regulatory environment;

• defend ourselves in any legal or regulatory actions against the PRC operating entities;

• enhance the PRC operating entities’ technology infrastructure and maintain the security of their system and the confidentiality of the information provided and utilized across their system;

• avoid and remedy operating errors as a result of human or system errors; and

• identify and address conflicts of interest.

Table of Contents

If the PRC operating entities fail to address any or all of these risks and challenges, if the PRC operating entities fail to educate business partners and clients about the value of their platform and services, if the market for their products and services does not develop as they expect, if they fail to address the needs of their target clients, or if they are not able to effectively tackle other risks and challenges that they may encounter, the PRC operating entities’ business and results of operations may be adversely affected.

We have a limited operating history and are subject to the risks encountered by development-stage companies. We cannot assure you that the market for our services will develop as we expect or we will be able to maintain the growth rate that they have experienced to date.

We provide our services in the flexible employment industry through our PRC operating entities. We originally provided job matching services via traditional methods beginning in 2017, and have since launched our online Gongwuyuan Platform and expanded our services to include entrusted recruitment, project outsourcing, labor dispatch, and others, and have achieved rapid growth in terms of client base and revenue. For the fiscal years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, the PRC operating entities’ entrusted recruitment services, which is currently one of the PRC operating entities’ main revenue drivers, accounted for approximately 20.9% and approximately 46.1% of the PRC operating entities’ total revenue, respectively. However, the PRC operating entities’ limited operating history in the flexible employment industry may not be indicative of their future growth or financial results. There is no assurance that the PRC operating entities will be able to maintain their historical growth rates in future periods. The PRC operating entities’ growth prospects should be considered in light of the risks and uncertainties that fast-growing companies with a limited operating history and experience in their industry may encounter, including, among others, risks and uncertainties regarding the PRC operating entities’ ability to:

• continue the development of and enrich our Gongwuyuan Platform;

• retain existing clients and attract new clients;

• offer customized and comprehensive services tailored to employers’ needs throughout the recruitment process;

• upgrade existing technology and infrastructure and develop new technologies to integrate our services into an ecosystem on our Gongwuyuan Platform;

• successfully compete with other companies that are currently in, or may in the future enter, the crowdsourcing recruitment industry, the flexible employment industry, or similar industries; and

• observe and strategize on the latest market trends in order to maintain growth and remain competitive.

All of these endeavors involve risks and will require significant allocation of management and employee resources. We cannot assure you that we will be able to effectively manage our growth or implement our business strategies effectively. If the market for our services does not develop as expected or if we fail to address the needs of the flexible employment industry, our business, results of operations, and financial condition will be materially and adversely affected.

The proper functioning of our Gongwuyuan platform and its technology infrastructure is essential to our business. Any errors in or disruption to the PRC operating entities’ IT systems and infrastructure and those on which they rely could materially affect their ability to maintain the satisfactory performance of their platform and deliver consistent services to their clients.

To grow our business, we are dependent on the ability of the IT systems of our PRC operating entities. The reliability, availability and satisfactory performance of these IT systems are critical to our success, our ability to attract and retain clients and their ability to maintain a satisfactory user experience and client service. The PRC operating entities’ servers may be vulnerable to computer viruses, traffic spike that exceeds the capacity of the PRC operating entities’ or their servers, electricity power interruptions, physical or electronic break-ins, and similar disruptions, which could lead to system interruptions, website slowdown and unavailability, delays in transaction processing, loss of data, and the inability to accept and fulfill client orders.

Table of Contents

The software, hardware, and systems and those on which our PRC operating entities and our Gongwuyuan Platform rely upon may contain undetected errors that could have a material adverse effect on our business, particularly to the extent such errors are not detected and remedied quickly. Since clients use the PRC operating entities’ services for important aspects of their businesses, any errors, defects, disruptions in services, or other performance problems with the PRC operating entities’ services could hurt their reputation and damage their clients’ businesses. Software and system errors, or human error, could delay or inhibit posting of jobs or prevent the PRC operating entities from collecting transaction fees. We can provide no assurance that these systems will not experience unexpected human errors, system errors or interruptions in the future, or that their current security mechanisms will be sufficient to protect their IT systems and technology infrastructure from any third-party intrusions, electricity power interruptions, viruses and hacker attacks, information and data theft, and other similar activities. Any such future occurrences could damage their reputation and result in a material decrease in our operations and revenue.

Maintaining and upgrading the technology infrastructure on which we rely upon, especially our Gongwuyuan Platform, require significant investment of time and resources, including adding new hardware, updating software, and recruiting and training new engineering personnel. During updates, our Gongwuyuan Platform and other systems may experience interruptions, and the new technologies and infrastructures may not be fully integrated with the existing systems timely, or at all. Any failure to maintain and improve the technology infrastructure on which we and our Gongwuyuan Platform rely upon could result in unanticipated system disruptions, slower response times, impaired quality of user experience and delays in reporting accurate operating and financial information, which, in turn, could materially and adversely affect the PRC operating entities’ business, financial condition and results of operations.

Because the PRC operating entities face significant competition in all of their businesses, they may lose market share and our results of operations may be materially and adversely affected.

Our PRC operating entities face significant competition in all of their businesses. We face competition from traditional recruitment companies such as Career International, ManpowerGroup and Renrui Human Resources, platform based human resource service providers, and other crowdsourcing recruitment and HR management service providers in the flexible employment marketplace, including certain crowdsourcing recruiting companies that are also focused on blue-collar workers in China.

Some of these competitors have a longer operating history, strategic partnerships, and significantly greater financial resources, and may have greater financial, management, technological development, sales, marketing and other resources than we do, and in turn, may be able to attract and retain more clients, operate at a lower cost, and establish larger cooperative partnerships due to company scale. They may also be able to adopt our business model and intensify competition. As a result, we may experience reduced margins, loss of market share or decreased usage of our services by Customers, Employing Companies and HR Service Companies. We cannot assure you that existing or future competitors will not develop or offer services and products which provide significant performance, price, creative, technological or other advantages over the PRC operating entities’ services. If the PRC operating entities are unable to compete effectively with current or future competitors as a result of these or other factors, the PRC operating entities’ market share and their results of operations may be materially and adversely affected.

New competitors face low entry barriers to flexible employment industry, and successful entry by new competitors may cause us to lose market share and materially and adversely affect our results of operations.

We face competition from new entrants in the flexible employment industry, especially in areas such as recruitment crowdsourcing, HR management services and other human resource related services industries where our PRC operating entities primarily operate. The PRC operating entities may face increased competition from companies focusing on flexible employment, dedicated human resource service providers, crowdsourcing companies, and other such recruitment companies focusing their services towards blue-collar workers. The PRC operating entities’ businesses are characterized by relatively low start-up and fixed costs, modest capital requirements, and short start-up lead times. As a result, potential market entrants face relatively low barriers to entry to all of our service markets, and could acquire significant numbers of clients, including corporate customers and human resource service providers, within a relatively short period of time. Increased competition could result in a loss of market share and revenues, and have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Table of Contents

If the use of our Gongwuyuan Platform for our recruitment and human resource services do not grow in market acceptance, our business and results of operations may be materially and adversely affected.

The business success of our PRC operating entities, in a large part, depends on the adoption and use of our Gongwuyuan Platform to provide their services to Customers, Employing Companies, HR Service Companies and blue-collar workers in China. The PRC operating entities face challenges in promoting adoption and usage of the Gongwuyuan Platform, which involves, among other things, how business enterprises, human resource and labor companies connect and interact regarding human resources, standardization of employment processes and human resource management structures, and the promotion of career development and improvement of welfare benefits for blue-collar workers. Even though the use of online platforms, such as our Gongwuyuan Platform, has become more prevalent in China, the use of such online platforms as a medium for flexible employment has a limited history. As such, if there are any negative perceptions as to the effectiveness of the Gongwuyuan Platform and the services available, or any significant failure of the Gongwuyuan Platform to gain broader acceptance and trust as a reliable medium, our business and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected.

The PRC operating entities rely on cooperation with third party companies for aspects of their business, which could result in disruption, increased costs, reputation risks and may adversely affect their business and results of operations.

The PRC operating entities are reliant on third party vendors for their business operations, such as partnerships with human resource companies in connection with job matching services, entrusted recruitment services and project outsourcing services, and cooperation with third party companies for various ongoing technical support of our Gongwuyuan Platform. This reliance exposes the PRC operating entities to other risks, including increased costs, supply chain interruptions, potential disruptions to our business operations and reputational risk. However, there can be no assurance that the PRC operating entities’ arrangements with these companies will be extended or renewed after their respective expiration or that the PRC operating entities will be able to extend or renew such arrangements on terms and conditions favorable to them. While we believe that these third-party companies provide greater efficiency and are imperative to the services that the PRC operating entities provide, our dependence on these third-party companies increases the risk that the PRC operating entities’ business and operations will be adversely affected if we are unable to timely provide our services through our third-party companies consistent with the needs of our clients. Similarly, the PRC operating entities’ profit margins could be adversely affected a third-party company needed to be replaced for performance or economic issues.

The PRC operating entities’ operations also depend significantly upon the ability of these third party companies to protect client and worker data. While the PRC operating entities have implemented security measures during use of the Gongwuyuan Platform, we cannot guarantee that the third-party companies have implemented the same. The loss and/or theft of confidential, personally identifiable, or other sensitive data, including data about our clients, workers and/or associates, or the PRC operating entities’ human resources operations, or our human resources operations, could damage our reputation in the market, and our business and financial results could be materially and adversely affected.

Our Gongwuyuan Platform may rely on third parties for elements of the payment processing infrastructure underlying our platform. If these third-party elements become unavailable or unavailable on favorable terms, our business could be adversely affected.

As we continue to develop our platform to support relevant payment needs, Gongwuyuan Platform may rely on third parties payment providers for elements of our payment-processing infrastructure to support relevant payment needs such as wage payments from Employing Company to workers, and these third parties may refuse to enter or renew contracts with them on commercially reasonable terms or at all. If these companies become unwilling or unable to provide these services to us on acceptable terms or at all, our business may be disrupted.

The PRC operating entities are subject to potential legal liability from both employers and individual workers arising from disputes regarding recruitment process and employment relationships.

The PRC operating entities are exposed to potential claims associated with the recruitment process, including claims by clients seeking to hold the PRC operating entities liable for failures to properly fulfil contractual obligations to meet their employment and labor needs, claims by either employers and workers seeking damages due to failures of certain

Table of Contents

features made or to be made available on our Gongwuyuan Platform, claims alleging discrimination or other violations of employment law or other laws or regulations by blue-collar workers, claims by workers alleging failure to fulfill payroll and required social benefits under our labor dispatching service, or other such proceedings, investigations and claims incidental to the conduct of our crowdsourcing recruitment services. Any such claims, regardless of merit, may force us to participate in time-consuming, costly litigation or investigation, divert significant management and staff attention, and damage our reputation and brand names. The PRC operating entities do not maintain insurance coverage for liabilities arising from claims by employers, employees, candidates or third parties.

Our customers may raise objection to and claim for compensation for the outsourcing arrangement carried out by the PRC operating companies in completing relevant worker recruitment or labor assignments which could have a material adverse effect on our business operation and financial conditions.

In completing relevant worker recruitment or labor assignments for customers, the PRC operating entities may outsource the labor assignments to HR service companies or entrust/cooperate with HR service companies to recruit the required workers in their business operation. While the PRC operating entities believe most of the customers will not have any objection with this type of outsourcing arrangement, if any, there are no explicit provisions in the contracts between the PRC operating entities and the customers permitting such outsourcing arrangement. In the event that the customers raise objection to the outsourcing arrangement or claim for compensation against the PRC operating entities due to breach of contract or other reasons, we may not be able to complete the worker recruitment or labor assignments by ourselves on a timely basis or at all, and we may have to make compensation for our customers, the business cooperation between the customers and us may be interrupted or terminated, which could have a material adverse effect on our business operation and financial conditions.

Due to seasonal variations in demand for blue-collar workers and human resource related services, the PRC operating entities experience material fluctuations in their revenue streams which affect their ability to predict their quarterly results and which may also cause quarterly results to vary from period to period.

The PRC operating entities experience material fluctuations in their revenue streams which affect their ability to predict quarterly results. For example, in the period following the Chinese New Year holiday in the first quarter, the PRC operating entities’ industry historically experiences an increase in recruitment activity. During this peak period, demand for online recruitment and other human resource related services may or may not rise significantly depending on the needs of employers as well as their perceptions of the job market. In addition, the Chinese New Year holiday is based on the lunar calendar, which varies from year to year and affects the PRC operating entities’ first and second quarter results as well as their comparability to financial results of the same quarters in prior years. Due to these factors, the PRC operating entities’ revenues may vary materially from quarter to quarter and quarterly results may not be comparable to the corresponding periods of prior years. Such uncertainty makes it difficult for the PRC operating entities to predict revenues for a particular quarter. Therefore, actual results may differ significantly from the PRC operating entities’ targets or estimated quarterly results, which could negatively affect our cash flow for such periods.

If we are not able to respond successfully to technological or industry developments, our business may be materially and adversely affected.

The use of online platforms for crowdsourcing recruitment services is characterized by rapid technological developments, frequent launches of new products and services, introductions of new business models, changes in customer needs and behavior, and evolving industry standards. If we fail to adapt our Gongwuyuan Platform to these developments, our PRC operating entities’ recruitment services may become less competitive or obsolete. For example, the number of people accessing the Internet through mobile devices, including smartphones, tablets and other hand-held devices, has increased in recent years, and the PRC operating entities expect this trend to continue as 5G and more advanced mobile communications technologies are broadly implemented. As our Gongwuyuan Platform is available across a variety of mobile operating systems and devices, we are dependent on the interoperability of their services with popular mobile devices and mobile operating systems that we do not control, such as Android and iOS. Any changes in such mobile operating systems or devices that degrade the functionality of the PRC operating entities’ services or give preferential treatment to competitive services could adversely affect usage of their services. In order to respond to new developments, we may be required to undertake substantial efforts and incur significant costs to ensure that our Gongwuyuan Platform is up-to-date with the latest technological developments. In the event that we do not successfully respond to such developments in a timely and cost-effective manner, our business may be materially and adversely affected.

Table of Contents

If we or our PRC operating entities are unable to protect or promote our brand names and reputation, our business may be materially and adversely affected.

If we fail to successfully develop and enhance the perception of the our Gongwuyuan Platform as a leading crowdsourcing recruitment platform, undertake effective marketing and promotional activities, maintain cooperation and partnerships with human resources and recruitment companies, outsourcing companies and regional businesses, and generally provide high quality services, we or our PRC operating entities may not be successful in protecting or promoting our brand names and reputation in a cost-effective manner or at all. In addition, if job seeker profiles or recruitment advertisements on the Gongwuyuan Platform are found to contain inaccurate or false information, the value proposition of the use of our Gongwuyuan Platform as a leading online crowdsourcing recruitment platform in a developing industry may be weakened. Furthermore, the PRC operating entities may be subject to claims by its users seeking to hold them liable for such inaccurate or false information. Any claims, regardless of merit, may force the PRC operating entities to participate in time-consuming, costly litigation or investigation, divert significant management and staff attention, and damage the PRC operating entities’ reputation and brand names. The PRC operating entities may dedicate significantly greater resources in the future to advertising, marketing and other promotional efforts aimed at building awareness of the PRC operating entities’ brand names. Any significant damage to the PRC operating entities’ reputation, the perceived quality or awareness of the PRC operating entities’ brand names or services, or any significant failure on the PRC operating entities’ part to promote and protect their brand names and reputation could make it more difficult for them to successfully attract job seekers, compete for customers or retain qualified personnel, which may have a material adverse effect on our business and operating results.

Negative publicity and allegations involving us, the PRC operating entities, the PRC operating entities’ shareholders, directors, officers, employees and business partners may affect our reputation and, as a result, our business may be negatively affected.

The PRC operating entities, the PRC operating entities’ shareholders, directors, officers, employees and business partners may be subject to negative media coverage and publicity from time to time. Such negative coverage and publicity could threaten the perception of the PRC operating entities’ brand names and damage their reputation. In addition, to the extent the PRC operating entities’ employees and business partners are subject to allegations of non-compliance, regardless of merit, with any relevant laws or regulations, the PRC operating entities may also suffer negative publicity or harm to their reputation. As a result, the PRC operating entities may be required to spend significant time and incur substantial costs in response to allegations and negative publicity, which could adversely affect our business and operational costs.

The PRC operating entities are dependent on their Internet service providers, and the PRC operating entities are vulnerable to failures of the Internet, telecommunications networks in China and the PRC operating entities’ technology platform.

The PRC operating entities’ online businesses, including the development of the Gongwuyuan Platform, are relying on the performance and reliability of China’s Internet infrastructure, the continual accessibility of bandwidth and servers to the PRC operating entities’ service providers’ networks, and the continuing performance, reliability and availability of the PRC operating entities’ technology platform. In the event that the Internet infrastructure and telecommunications networks cannot keep pace with the increased demands associated with Internet usage, the development of our online businesses could be hindered.

Almost all access to the Internet is maintained through certain giant telecommunications operators under the regulatory supervision of the PRC Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, or the MIIT. In addition, the national networks in China connect to the Internet through a regulated international gateway. This international gateway is the only channel through which a domestic user can connect to the international Internet network.

The PRC operating entities rely on a limited number of telecommunications service providers to provide them with data communications capacity through local telecommunications lines and data centers to host the PRC operating entities’ servers. The PRC operating entities are unlikely to have any access to alternative networks or services in the event of disruptions, failures or other problems with the Internet infrastructure or telecommunications networks. In addition, the PRC operating entities have no control over the costs of the services provided by the telecommunications service providers. If they fail to provide these services, the PRC operating entities would be required to seek other providers, and there is no assurance that the PRC operating entities will be able to find alternative providers willing or

Table of Contents

able to provide high quality services and there is no assurance that such providers will not charge them higher prices for their services. If the prices that the PRC operating entities are required to pay for Internet services rise significantly, the PRC operating entities’ results of operations could be adversely affected.

Our business generates and processes a large amount of data, and the improper use or disclosure of such data could harm our reputation as well as have a material adverse effect on our business and prospects.

Our Gongwuyuan Platform generates and processes a large quantity of business, financial, personal and transaction data. We face risks inherent in handling large volumes of data and in protecting the security of such data. In particular, we face a number of challenges relating to data from transactions and other activities on our platform, including:

• ensuring the security of financial and transaction information of the users of our Gongwuyuan Platform;

• protecting the data in and hosted on our system, including against attacks on our system by outside parties or fraudulent behavior by our employees;

• addressing concerns related to privacy and sharing, safety, security and other factors; and

• complying with applicable laws, rules and regulations relating to the collection, use, disclosure or security of personal information, including any requests from regulatory and government authorities relating to such data.

Any systems failure or security breach or lapse that results in the release of user data could harm our reputation and brand and, consequently, our business, in addition to exposing us to potential legal liability.

The PRC operating entities rely heavily on their information systems, and any failure to properly protect privacy and to maintain and secure the PRC operating entities’ systems could seriously damage the PRC operating entities’ reputation, disrupt the PRC operating entities’ operations and harm their business.

The Internet industry is facing significant challenges regarding information security and privacy. As the use of the Internet grows in everyday life, the general public is increasingly aware of the vulnerability of confidential and private information. Certain data and services collected, provided or used by the PRC operating entities in their systems or provided to and used by them, the PRC operating entities’ partners, the PRC operating entities’ customers or their job seekers contain confidential and private information, such as names, user IDs and passwords and payment or transaction related information. The PRC operating entities’ ability to store, retrieve, process, manage and protect substantial amounts of data and information, including the PRC operating entities’ client and candidate databases, is an important part of the PRC operating entities’ operations and a critical component of their success.

In recent years, PRC government authorities have enacted legislation on Internet use to protect personal information from unauthorized disclosure. In December 2012 and July 2013, the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress and the MIIT issued new laws and regulations to enhance the legal protection of information security and privacy on the Internet, and also require Internet operators to take measures to ensure confidentiality of user information. The PRC Counter-Terrorism Law, which became effective on January 1, 2016 and amended in April 2018, requires Internet service providers to prevent the dissemination of information containing terrorist or extremist content and conduct identity verification of individuals. The PRC Cyber Security Law, which became effective on June 1, 2017, requires, among others, that network operators take security measures to protect the network from unauthorized interference, damage and unauthorized access and prevent data from being divulged, stolen or tampered with. Network operators are also required to collect and use personal information in compliance with the principles of legitimacy, properness and necessity, and strictly within the scope of authorization by the subject of personal information unless otherwise prescribed by laws or regulations. In May 2020, the PRC Civil Code, which became effective on January 1, 2021, was promulgated and also provides specific provisions regarding the protection of personal information. On August 20, 2021, the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress promulgated Personal Information Protection Law of the People’s Republic of China, which became effective on November 1, 2021, to regulate activities of processing of personal information and promote a reasonable use of personal information. However, the interpretation and application of such laws in China are often in flux.

Table of Contents

In addition, on December 18, 2020, the PRC Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security, or the MOHRSS, issued the Regulations on the Administration of Online Recruitment Services, which became effective on March 1, 2021. These regulations require human resource service organizations engaged in online recruitment services to comply with the cybersecurity protection obligations requested by PRC laws and regulations, and adopt technical or other necessary measures to ensure the network, information system and user information security of recruitment services. At the same time, such regulations require human resource service organizations to comply with personal information protection obligations requested by PRC laws and regulations when collecting and using users’ personal information, and to establish user information protection systems for online recruitment service.

While the PRC operating entities have adopted measures and strive to comply with relevant data protection laws and regulations, any failure or perceived failure to comply may result in proceedings or actions against the PRC operating entities by government agencies or others, and could damage the PRC operating entities’ reputation. The PRC operating entities cannot guarantee the effectiveness of the measures they have undertaken, and such measures may still be determined as insufficient, improper or deficient by relevant authorities. Concerns about the PRC operating entities’ practices and systems with regard to the collection, use, disclosure, or security of personal information or other privacy related matters, and any negative publicity on the PRC operating entities’ information safety or privacy protection mechanism and policy, even if unfounded, could harm the PRC operating entities’ business. Any damage to the PRC operating entities’ reputation and brand names may adversely impact the size, engagement and loyalty of the PRC operating entities’ job seekers and employers, which could materially and adversely affect the PRC operating entities’ financial condition and results of operations. The PRC operating entities must further develop and enhance their information systems to compete effectively and ensure their compliance with relevant laws and regulations, which may require significant staff and financial resources. If the PRC operating entities’ online platforms are not properly maintained and secured, the PRC operating entities’ operations could be seriously disrupted and their business significantly harmed.

If we are unable to attract and retain qualified personnel, we may not be able to grow effectively and our business, financial condition, and results of operation may be materially and adversely affected.

Our success depends on our ability to keep pace with rapid technological changes in the development and implementation of our services and HR SaaS solutions. Additionally, our Gongwuyuan Platform is reliant on a variety of technologies, including those which support our “Yun Dan Bao” transaction system, intelligent HR management, payroll, and client data analytics. We face fierce competition for qualified personnel to continue the development of our Gongwuyuan Platform and improve our business and human resource services. If we are not able to compete effectively for highly qualified personnel or attract and retain top talent at reasonable costs, our technology development capabilities would be materially and adversely impacted. If we are unable to continue development of our Gongwuyuan Platform and to continue evolving our technologies in pace with industry developments, it could have a negative effect on our services and HR SaaS solutions and our ability to develop and maintain a competitive advantage, and our financial condition and results of operations may be materially and adversely affected.

Our future success also depends upon our ability to attract and retain highly qualified management personnel. Expansion of our business and our management will require additional managers and employees with industry experience, and our success will be highly dependent on our ability to attract and retain skilled management personnel and other employees. We may not be able to attract or retain highly qualified personnel as competition for skilled management personnel is significant in China. This competition may make it more difficult and expensive to attract, hire and retain qualified managers and employees.

The PRC operating entities operate in an evolving market, and the PRC operating entities’ business and results of operations may suffer if they do not successfully manage their growth.

The PRC operating entities operate in a rapidly evolving market. While the PRC operating entities have grown significantly since their commenced operations in 2017, the PRC operating entities intend to continue to expand in size and increase the number of services they provide. The PRC operating entities’ success in managing this growth will depend to a significant degree on the ability of the members of their senior management to operate effectively both independently and as a group.

Table of Contents

As a growing company, the PRC operating entities may encounter risks and difficulties including their potential failure to:

• implement the PRC operating entities’ business model and strategy and adapt and modify them as needed;

• increase awareness of the PRC operating entities’ brand names, protect the PRC operating entities’ reputation and develop customer loyalty;

• manage the PRC operating entities’ expanding operations and service offerings, including the integration of any acquisitions;

• maintain adequate control of the PRC operating entities’ expenses;

• improve and develop financial and management information systems, controls and procedures; and

• attract, retain and motivate qualified personnel.

Although the PRC operating entities have achieved profitability for a period of time, the PRC operating entities expect that their ongoing expansion will increase their operating expenses. In addition, new business initiatives may expose the PRC operating entities to new challenges and uncertainties. The PRC operating entities’ historical results of operations should not be taken as indicative of the rate of growth, if any, or the level of profitability, if any, that can be expected in the future. If the PRC operating entities do not successfully manage their growth, the PRC operating entities’ business and results of operations may be materially and adversely affected.

If the PRC operating entities are unable to prevent others from using their intellectual property, the PRC operating entities’ business may be materially and adversely affected.

The PRC operating entities’ intellectual property may be subject to various forms of theft and misappropriation. Competitors may copy and distribute content from the PRC operating entities’ platforms and from the training materials that they use, and utilize misleadingly similar Internet domain names and URLs in an effort to divert Internet traffic away from the PRC operating entities’ websites. The PRC operating entities are also susceptible to others copying their business model and methods. Preventing unauthorized use of the PRC operating entities’ intellectual property is difficult, time consuming and expensive. Misappropriation of the PRC operating entities’ content, trademarks and other intellectual property could divert significant business to the PRC operating entities’ competitors, damage the PRC operating entities’ brand names and reputation, and require the PRC operating entities to initiate litigation that could be expensive and divert management resources from the operation of their businesses.

The PRC operating entities may be subject to liability for placing advertisements with content that is deemed inappropriate.

PRC laws and regulations, such as the PRC Advertising Law which became effective on February 1, 1995 and its amendment which became effective on April 29, 2021, the Measures for the Administration of Online Advertising promulgated the PRC State Administration for Market Regulation, or the SAMR, which became effective on May 1, 2023, the Circular on Launching a Special Program to Rectify Internet Advertisements, which was issued on February 9, 2018, and the PRC E-Commerce Law, which became effective on January 1, 2019, prohibit advertising companies from producing, distributing or publishing any advertisement that contains any content that violates laws and regulations, impairs the national dignity of the PRC, infringes upon personal and property safety, discloses privacy or state secrets, harms the physical and mental health of minors or the disabled, involves designs of the national flag, national emblem or national anthem or the music of the national anthem of the PRC, is reactionary, obscene, superstitious or absurd, is fraudulent, or disparages similar products. An Internet advertisement shall be identifiable and clearly identified as an “advertisement” so that consumers can tell it is an advertisement. Paid search advertisements shall be clearly distinguished from natural search results. Advertisements shall be published or distributed by means of the Internet without affecting the normal use of the network by users. Advertisements published on Internet pages in the form of pop-up or other forms shall be clearly marked with a “Close” sign to ensure a “Click to Close”. If the PRC operating entities are deemed to be in violation of such laws and regulations, the PRC operating entities may be subject to penalties including confiscation of the illegal revenues, levying of fines and suspension or revocation of the PRC operating entities’ business license, any of which may materially and adversely affect the PRC operating entities’ business.

Table of Contents

Hacking and computer viruses may cause delays or interruptions on the PRC operating entities’ systems and may reduce use of their services and damage their reputation and brand names.

Hacking and computer viruses may cause delays or other service interruptions on the PRC operating entities’ systems. Hacking involves efforts to gain unauthorized access to information or systems or to cause intentional malfunctions, loss or corruption of data, software, hardware or other computer equipment. In addition, the inadvertent transmission of computer viruses could expose the PRC operating entities to a material risk of loss or litigation and possible liability. Hacking and computer viruses could result in significant damage to the PRC operating entities’ hardware and software systems and databases, disruptions to the PRC operating entities’ business activities, including to the PRC operating entities’ e-mail and other communications systems, breaches of security and the inadvertent disclosure of confidential or sensitive information, interruptions in access to the PRC operating entities’ websites through the use of “denial of service” or similar attacks, and other material adverse effects on the PRC operating entities’ operations. Although to date the PRC operating entities have not been subject to significant targeted disruptions or hacking, the PRC operating entities may incur significant costs to continue to protect their systems and equipment against the threat of, and to repair any damage caused by, hacking and computer viruses. Moreover, if hacking or a computer virus affects the PRC operating entities’ systems and is highly publicized, the PRC operating entities’ reputation and brand names could be materially damaged and use of their services may decrease.

The slowdown in Chinese economic growth could hurt demand of the service products of the PRC operating entities.

While China has grown significantly over the past two decades, the growth rate may decrease due to challenges with respect to the country’s economic restructuring along with other factors. If China’s growth rate slows, or even declines, demand for the services of the PRC operating entities might be accordingly decreased. Therefore, the business of the PRC operating entities might be adversely affected by the slowdown in the economic conditions, which would negatively affect sales of their products, operations of our company and our financial condition.

The loss of any of the key customers of the PRC operating entities could reduce our revenues and our profitability.

We consider the major customers of the PRC operating entities in each period to be those customers that accounted for more than 10% of our revenue in such period. The PRC operating entities had three major customers, Nanchang Jiesite Environmental Protection Co., Ltd., China Post Group Co., Ltd and Guangdong Yingwang Industrial Investment Co., Ltd., who accounted for approximately $2,310,072, or 49%, $945,387 or 20% and $504,189, or 11%, of total revenues for the six months ended June 30, 2023. The PRC operating entities had three major customers, Nanchang Jiesite Environmental Protection Co., Ltd., China Post Group Co., Ltd and Guangdong Yingwang Industrial Investment Co., Ltd., who accounted for approximately $3,422,005, or 26%, $2,895,543 or 22% and $2,369,080, or 18%, of total revenues for the year ended December 31, 2022. The PRC operating entities had 2 major customers, China Post Group Co., Ltd. and Jiangxi Xinlele Human Resources Co., Ltd., who accounted for approximately $7,192,228, or 34%, and $2,094,102, or 10%, of total revenues for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021. All of these major customers are new customers of the PRC operating entities but we consider that their relationship with them are stable and solid. However, there can be no assurance that the PRC operating entities will maintain or improve the relationships with customers who do not have long-term contracts with them. If the PRC operating entities cannot maintain long-term relationships with major customers or replace major customers from period to period with equivalent customers, the loss of such revenues could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

During any growth, the PRC operating entities may encounter problems related to their operational and financial systems and controls, including quality control and delivery and production capacities.

Any significant growth in the market for the services of the PRC operating entities or their entry into new markets may require additional employees for managerial, operational, financial and other purposes. Our PRC operating entities would also need to continue to expand, train and manage their employees. Continued future growth will impose significant added responsibilities upon their management to identify, recruit, maintain, integrate, and motivate new employees.

Table of Contents

We cannot assure you that the internal growth strategy of the PRC operating entities will be successful, which may result in a negative impact on our growth, financial condition, results of operations and cash flow.

One of the strategies of the PRC operating entities is to grow internally through increasing the development of new services and improving the quality of existing services. However, many obstacles to this expansion exist, including, but not limited to, increased competition from similar businesses, the PRC operating entities’ ability to improve their services to realize the benefits of their research and development efforts, new PRC regulations related to the flexible employment market, unexpected costs, and costs associated with marketing efforts. We cannot, therefore, assure you that the PRC operating entities will be able to successfully overcome such obstacles and establish their services in any additional markets. The inability of the PRC operating entities to implement this internal growth strategy successfully may have a negative impact on our growth, future financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

Our significant shareholders may have potential conflicts of interest with us, which may materially and adversely affect our business and financial condition.

Because our significant shareholders have, either collectively or individually, considerable influence over our corporate matters, their interests may differ from the interests of our company as a whole. These shareholders could, for example, appoint directors and management without the requisite experience, relations or knowledge to steer our company properly because of their affiliations or loyalty, and such actions may materially and adversely affect our business and financial condition. Currently, we do not have any arrangements to address potential conflicts of interest between these shareholders and our company. If we cannot resolve any conflict of interest or dispute between us and the shareholders, we would have to rely on legal proceedings, which could disrupt our business and subject us to substantial uncertainty as to the outcome of any such legal proceedings.

The business of the PRC operating entities depends on the continued efforts of their senior management. If one or more of the key executives of the PRC operating entities were unable or unwilling to continue in their present positions, the business of senior management may be severely disrupted.

The business operations of the PRC operating entities depend on the continued services of their senior management, particularly the executive officers named in this prospectus. While the PRC operating entities have provided different incentives to their management, we cannot assure you that the PRC operating entities can continue to retain their services. If one or more of their key executives were unable or unwilling to continue in their present positions, the PRC operating entities may not be able to replace them easily, or at all, their future growth may be constrained, their business may be severely disrupted and our financial condition and results of operations may be materially and adversely affected, and the PRC operating entities may incur additional expenses to recruit, train and retain qualified personnel. In addition, although the PRC operating entities have entered into confidentiality and non-competition agreements with their management, there is no assurance that any member of their management team will not join the competitors of the PRC operating entities or form a competing business. If any dispute arises between the PRC operating entities and their current or former officers, the PRC operating entities may have to incur substantial costs and expenses in order to enforce such agreements in China or the PRC operating entities may be unable to enforce them at all.

The business of the PRC operating entities could be materially harmed by the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic.

A novel strain of coronavirus (COVID-19) first emerged in December 2019 and has spread globally. The pandemic has resulted in quarantines, travel restrictions, and the temporary closure of stores and business facilities in China for the first half year of 2020. In March 2020, the World Health Organization declared COVID-19 as a global pandemic. The PRC operating entities followed the restrictive measures implemented in China, by suspending onsite operation and having employees work remotely until February 2020, when they started to gradually resume normal operations. The operations, especially international orders, of the PRC operating entities were negatively impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. Further, the effects of a subvariant of the Omicron variant of COVID-19, which may spread faster than the original Omicron variant, as well as the effects of any new variants and subvariants which may develop, including any actions taken by governments, which may have impacts on the business, operation, and financial conditions of the PRC operating entities is uncertain.

Table of Contents

Potential impact to our results of operations will also depend on future developments and new information that may emerge regarding the duration and severity of COVID-19 and the actions taken by government authorities and other entities to contain COVID-19 or mitigate its impact, almost all of which are beyond our control.

While the number of new COVID-19 cases in China remains low, due to the high uncertainty of the evolving situation, we have limited visibility on the full impact brought upon by the COVID-19 pandemic and the financial impact related to the outbreak of and response to the coronavirus cannot be reasonably estimated at this time.

Our financial and operating performance may be adversely affected by epidemics, natural disasters and other catastrophes.

The business of the PRC operating entities could be materially and adversely affected by the outbreak of epidemics including but not limited to the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19), swine influenza, avian influenza, middle east respiratory syndrome (MERS-CoV) and severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV). Our financial and operating performance have been adversely affected by epidemics such as the on-going novel coronavirus (COVID-19), natural disasters and other catastrophes. As a result of COVID-19, the PRC operating entities have been subject to periodic lock-downs and restrictions adopted by national, provincial and local authorities, which affected the demand for human resources services and labor services within the industries that we service, as well as our anticipated expansion and operational plans. The extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic may further impact our business and financial performance will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and largely beyond our control. Even if the economic impact of COVID-19 gradually recedes, the pandemic will have a lingering, long-term effect on business activities, and may decrease demand for our crowdsourcing recruitment products and services. There is no assurance that we will be able to adjust our business operations to adapt to these changes and the increasingly complex environment in which we operate.

During such epidemic outbreak, China may adopt certain hygiene measures, including quarantining visitors from places where any of the contagious diseases were rampant. Any prolonged restrictive measures in order to control the contagious disease or other adverse public health developments in China or our targeted markets may have a material and adverse effect on the PRC operating entities’ business operations.

Similarly, natural disasters, wars (including the potential of war), terrorist activity (including threats of terrorist activity), social unrest and heightened travel security measures instituted in response, and travel-related accidents, as well as geopolitical uncertainty and international conflict, will affect travel volume and may in turn have a material adverse effect on the PRC operating entities’ business and results of operations. In addition, the PRC operating entities may not be adequately prepared in contingency planning or recovery capability in relation to a major incident or crisis, and as a result, their operational continuity may be adversely and materially affected, which in turn may harm their reputation.

If the PRC operating entities are not able to adapt to changes in their industry, our business, financial condition and results of operations would be materially and adversely affected.

The shift for a flexible employment model in China is relatively new and the competitors of the PRC operating entities are constantly developing new services to recruit and provide services to employers. The PRC operating entities continue to invest significant resources in their infrastructure, research and development and other areas to enhance their existing services as well as to introduce new services that will attract more participants to their Gongwuyuan Platform. The changes and developments taking place in this industry may also require the PRC operating entities to re-evaluate their business model and adopt significant changes to their long-term strategies and business plan. The failure of the PRC operating entities to innovate and adapt to these changes would have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

If the PRC operating entities fail to promote and maintain their brand in an effective and cost-efficient way, our business and results of operations may be harmed.

We believe that developing and maintaining awareness of the PRC operating entities’ brand effectively is critical to attracting new and retaining existing customers. Successful promotion of the PRC operating entities’ brand and their ability to attract customers depend largely on the effectiveness of their marketing efforts and the success of the channels they use to promote their services. It is likely that the PRC operating entities’ future marketing efforts will require them to incur significant additional expenses. These efforts may not result in increased revenues in the immediate future or at all and, even if they do, any increases in revenues may not offset the expenses incurred. If the

Table of Contents

PRC operating entities fail to successfully promote and maintain their brand while incurring substantial expenses, our results of operations and financial condition would be adversely affected, which may impair the PRC operating entities’ ability to grow their business.

New lines of business or new services may subject us to additional risks.

From time to time, the PRC operating entities may implement new lines of business or offer new services within existing lines of business. There are substantial risks and uncertainties associated with these efforts, particularly in instances where the markets are not fully developed. In developing and marketing new lines of business and/or new services, the PRC operating entities may invest significant time and resources. Initial timetables for the introduction and development of new lines of business and/or new services may not be achieved and price and profitability targets may not prove feasible. External factors, such as compliance with regulations, competitive alternatives and shifting market preferences, may also impact the successful implementation of a new line of business or a new service. Furthermore, any new line of business and/or new services could have a significant impact on the effectiveness of our system of internal controls. Failure to successfully manage these risks in the development and implementation of new lines of business or new services could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

If we fail to maintain an effective system of internal controls over financial reporting, we may not be able to accurately report our financial results or prevent fraud.

We are subject to reporting obligations under the U.S. securities laws. The SEC, as required by Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, or the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, adopted rules requiring every public company to include a management report on such company’s internal controls over financial reporting in its annual report, which contains management’s assessment of the effectiveness of the company’s internal controls over financial reporting. As we are an “emerging growth company,” we are expected to first include a management report on our internal controls over financial reporting in our annual report in the second fiscal year end following the effectiveness of our initial public offering. As such, these requirements are expected to first apply to our annual report on Form 20-F for the fiscal year ending on December 31, 2025. Our management may conclude that our internal controls over our financial reporting are not effective. Moreover, even if our management concludes that our internal controls over financial reporting are effective, our independent registered public accounting firm may still decline to attest to our management’s assessment or may issue a report that is qualified if it is not satisfied with our internal controls or the level at which our controls are documented, designed, operated or reviewed, or if it interprets the relevant requirements differently from us. Our reporting obligations as a public company will place a significant strain on our management, operational and financial resources and systems for the foreseeable future.

Prior to this offering, we have been a private company with limited accounting personnel and other resources with which to address our internal controls and procedures. We planned to remedy our material weaknesses and other control deficiencies in time to meet the deadline imposed by Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. If we fail to timely achieve or maintain the adequacy of our internal controls, we may not be able to conclude that we have effective internal controls over financial reporting. Moreover, effective internal controls over financial reporting are necessary for us to produce reliable financial reports and are important to help prevent fraud. As a result, our failure to achieve and maintain effective internal controls over financial reporting could result in the loss of investor confidence in the reliability of our financial statements, which in turn could harm our business and negatively impact the trading price of our Ordinary Shares. Furthermore, we anticipate that we will incur considerable costs and devote significant management time and efforts and other resources to comply with Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act.

We may be exposed to liabilities under the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, and any determination that we violated the foreign corrupt practices act could have a material adverse effect on our business.

We are subject to the Foreign Corrupt Practice Act, or FCPA, and other laws that prohibit improper payments or offers of payments to foreign governments and their officials and political parties by U.S. persons and issuers as defined by the statute for the purpose of obtaining or retaining business. The existing business of the PRC operating entities in Asia creates the risk of unauthorized payments or offers of payments by one of the employees, consultants, or sales agents of our Company, because these parties are not always subject to the control of the PRC operating entities. It will be our policy to implement safeguards to discourage these practices by our employees. Also, our existing safeguards and any future improvements may prove to be less than effective, and the employees, consultants, or sales agents of

Table of Contents

our Company may engage in conduct for which we might be held responsible. Violations of the FCPA may result in severe criminal or civil sanctions, and we may be subject to other liabilities, which could negatively affect our business, operating results and financial condition. In addition, the government may seek to hold our Company liable for successor liability for FCPA violations committed by companies in which we invest or that we acquire.

We (or a foreign investor) may become at risk of being taxed or imposed a penalty under Announcement 7 and may be required to expend valuable resources to comply with Announcement 7 or to establish that we (or such foreign investor) should not be taxed under Announcement 7, which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations (or such foreign investor’s investment in us).

On December 15, 2009, the State Administration of Taxation (“SAT”) released the Notice on Strengthening Administration of Enterprise Income Tax for Share Transfers by Non-PRC Resident Enterprises (“Circular 698”) that reinforces the taxation of non-listed equity transfers by non-resident enterprises through overseas holding vehicles. Circular 698 is retroactively effective from January 1, 2008. Subsequently SAT also released the Announcement on Several Issues Related to Enterprise Income Tax for Indirect Asset Transfer by Non-PRC Resident Enterprises (“Announcement 7”), effective from February 3, 2015, which in part supersedes Circular 698.

Announcement 7 addresses indirect share transfer as well as other issues. According to Announcement 7, if a non-PRC resident enterprise transfers the equity interests of or similar rights or interests in overseas companies which directly or indirectly own PRC taxable assets through an arrangement without a reasonable commercial purpose, but rather to avoid PRC corporate income tax, the transaction will be re-characterized and treated as a direct transfer of PRC taxable assets subject to PRC corporate income tax. Announcement 7 specifies certain factors that should be considered in determining whether an indirect transfer has a reasonable commercial purpose. Since Announcement 7 has a short history, its application may be subject to change, particularly in the interpretation of the term “reasonable commercial purpose.”

Announcement 7 further provides that, the entity which has the obligation to pay the consideration for the transfer to the transferring shareholders has the obligation to withhold any PRC corporate income tax that is due. If the transferring shareholders do not pay corporate income tax that is due for a transfer and the entity which has the obligation to pay the consideration does not withhold the tax due, the PRC tax authorities may impose a penalty on the entity that so fails to withhold, which may be relieved or exempted from the withholding obligation and any resulting penalty under certain circumstances if it reports such transfer to the PRC tax authorities.

In October 2017, SAT issued the Announcement on Issues Relating to Withholding at Source of Income Tax of Non-resident Enterprises, or the SAT Circular 37, amended in June 2018. The SAT Circular 37 superseded Circular 698 as a whole and partially amended some provisions in Announcement 7. SAT Circular 37 purports to clarify certain issues in the implementation of the above regime, by providing, among others, the definition of equity transfer income and tax basis, the foreign exchange rate to be used in the calculation of withholding amount, and the date of occurrence of the withholding obligation. Specifically, SAT Circular 37 provides that where the transfer income subject to withholding at source is derived by a non-PRC resident enterprise in installments, the installments may first be treated as recovery of costs of previous investments. Upon recovery of all costs, the tax amount to be withheld must then be computed and withheld.

Risks Relating to the Variable Interest Entity (VIE) Structure

The relevant PRC regulatory authorities may find that the Contractual Arrangements with the VIE and its shareholders to operate our business in China do not comply with applicable PRC Laws, or if these applicable PRC Laws or the interpretation of existing applicable PRC Laws change in the future, we could be subject to severe penalties or be forced to relinquish our interests in those operations. Additionally, such determination by the PRC regulatory authorities and changes or interpretations in PRC Laws, if occurred, may cause significant decline in the value of our shares, or even render our shares worthless.

Current PRC Laws impose certain restrictions and prohibitions on foreign ownership of companies that engage in telecommunication and internet businesses. For example, foreign investors are generally not allowed to own more than 50% of the equity interests in a value-added telecommunications service provider (other than operating e-commerce, domestic multi-party communications, store-and-forward, and call center services). For more information on the restrictions on foreign investors to invest in a value-added telecommunications businesses in the PRC and the impact on us, please refer to the section headed “Regulations — Foreign Investment in Value-Added Telecommunications Services.”

Table of Contents

To comply with PRC Laws, we conduct substantially all of our business in China through Contractual Arrangements with Gongwuyuan, or the VIE, and certain shareholders of the VIE which enable us to (i) receive ninety-five percent (95%) of the economic benefits of the VIE as the consideration for our services provided; (ii) have the power to appoint directors and vote on behalf of the shareholders on all matters regarding the VIE that require shareholders’ approval; (iii) hold a pledge on ninety-five percent (95%) equity interests in the VIE; and (iv) have an exclusive option to purchase or designate a third party to purchase all or part of the ninety-five percent (95%) equity interests in the VIE or purchase all or part of the ninety-five percent (95%) assets of Gongwuyuan when and to the extent permitted by the laws of the PRC. For details about our Contractual Arrangements, please refer to the section headed “Corporate History and Structure.” The PRC operating entities hold the licenses, approvals and key assets that are essential for our business operations.

However, the interpretation and application of relevant PRC laws and regulations in connection with the VIE structure or VIE Agreements may be subject to change. The relevant PRC regulatory authorities may take into account of different factors in determining whether the VIE structure violates PRC laws and regulations. If we are found in violation of any PRC laws or regulations, or if the VIE structure is disallowed by the relevant governmental authorities, or if the VIE Agreements are determined as illegal or invalid by any PRC court, arbitral tribunal or regulatory authorities, the relevant governmental authorities may take a number of administrative measures or impose penalties in dealing with such violations, including, without limitation:

• revoking the agreements constituting the Contractual Arrangements;

• revoking the business licenses and/or operating licenses of such entities;

• discontinuing or placing restrictions or onerous conditions on our operations;

• requiring us to restructure the operations in such a way as to compel us to establish a new enterprise, re-apply for the necessary licenses or relocate our businesses, staff and assets related to our value-added telecommunications services business;

• imposing fines on us or confiscating any of our income that they deem to have been obtained through illegal operations;

• imposing conditions or requirements with which we or the VIE may not be able to comply;

• requiring us or the VIE to restructure the relevant ownership structure or operations;

• restricting or prohibiting our use of the proceeds from the initial public offering or other of our financing activities to finance the business and operations of the VIE; or

• taking other regulatory or enforcement actions that could be harmful to our business.

The imposition of any of these penalties would result in a material and adverse effect on our ability to conduct business via the VIE, and adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.

Additionally, if the PRC regulatory authorities determine the Contractual Arrangements with the VIE and its shareholders to operate our business in China do not comply with applicable PRC Laws, or if these applicable PRC Laws or the interpretation of existing applicable PRC Laws change in the future, and as a result, we are unable to assert contractual control over the assets of our PRC subsidiaries or the VIE, our shares may significantly decline in value, or even lose all its value.

We rely on Contractual Arrangements with the VIE and certain shareholders of the VIE to consolidate financial results of the PRC operating entities. We do not have an equity ownership in, direct foreign investment in, or control of, through such ownership or investment, the VIE.

Due to the PRC restrictions or prohibitions on foreign ownership of certain businesses in China, we operate the PRC operating entities’ business in China through the Contractual Arrangements in which we have no direct ownership interest. We have relied and expect to continue to rely on the Contractual Arrangements with the VIE and certain shareholders of the VIE to consolidate the financial results of the PRC operating entities’ business. These contractual arrangements are intended to enable us to (i) direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly impact the VIE’s economic performance, (ii) receive substantially all of the economic benefits of the VIE and its subsidiaries;

Table of Contents

and (iii) have an exclusive option to purchase all or part of the equity interests in and assets of the VIE and its subsidiaries when and to the extent permitted by PRC law. Please refer to the section headed “Corporate History and Structure — Contractual Arrangements among Pengze WFOE, Gongwuyuan, and the Shareholders of the VIE” in this prospectus for more details.

The Contractual Arrangements may not be as effective as direct ownership in providing us control over the VIE. For example, the VIE and their shareholders could breach their contractual arrangements with us by, among other things, failing to conduct the operations of the VIE in an acceptable manner or taking other actions that are detrimental to our interests.

If we had direct ownership of the VIE in China, we would be able to exercise our rights as a shareholder to effect changes in the board of directors of the VIE, which in turn could implement changes, subject to any applicable fiduciary obligations, at the management and operational level. However, under the current contractual arrangements, we rely on the performance by the VIE and their shareholders of their obligations under the contracts to exercise control over the VIE. The shareholders of the VIE may not act in the best interests of our company or may not perform their obligations under these contracts. If any dispute relating to these contracts remains unresolved, we will have to enforce our rights under these contracts through the operations of PRC law and arbitration, litigation and other legal proceedings which could be time consuming and costly and the results involve uncertainties. See “Risks Relating to the VIE Structure — Any failure by the VIE or their shareholders to perform their obligations under our contractual arrangements with them would have a material and adverse effect on our business.”

Any failure by the VIE or their shareholders to perform their obligations under our contractual arrangements with them would have a material and adverse effect on our business.

If the VIE or their shareholders fail to perform their respective obligations under the contractual arrangements, we may have to incur substantial costs and expend additional resources to enforce such arrangements. We may also have to rely on legal remedies under PRC law, including seeking specific performance or injunctive relief, and contractual remedies, which we cannot assure you will be sufficient or effective. For example, if the shareholders of the VIE were to refuse to transfer their equity interests in the VIE to us or our designee if we exercise the purchase option pursuant to these contractual arrangements, or if they were otherwise to act in bad faith toward us, then we may have to take legal actions to compel them to perform their contractual obligations. In addition, if any third parties claim any interest in such shareholders’ equity interests in the VIE, our ability to exercise shareholders’ rights or foreclose the share pledge according to the contractual arrangements may be impaired. If these or other disputes between the shareholders of the VIE and third parties were to impair our control over the VIE, our ability to consolidate the financial results of the VIE would be affected, which would in turn result in a material adverse effect on our business, operations and financial condition.

These Contractual Arrangements are governed by and interpreted in accordance with the laws of the PRC, and disputes arising from these Contractual Arrangements will be resolved through arbitration in China. Due to the interpretation and application of relevant PRC laws and regulations in connection with the VIE structure or VIE Agreements may be subject to change, our ability to enforce the VIE Agreements could be substantially hampered. See “Risk Factors — Risks relating to doing business in China — PRC laws and regulations governing our current business operations sometimes involve uncertainty, and sudden or unexpected changes in laws and regulations in China applicable to us could adversely affect us and limit the legal protections available to you and us.” Further, there are very few precedents and little formal guidance as to how contractual arrangements in the context of a consolidated VIE should be interpreted or enforced under PRC law. There remain significant uncertainties regarding the ultimate outcome of such arbitration should legal action become necessary. In addition, under PRC law, rulings by arbitrators are final and parties cannot appeal the arbitration results in courts, and if the losing parties fail to carry out the arbitration awards within a prescribed time limit, the prevailing parties may only enforce the arbitration awards in PRC courts through arbitration award recognition proceedings, which would require additional expenses and delay. In the event we are unable to enforce the Contractual Arrangements, or we experience significant delays or other obstacles in the process of enforcing these contractual arrangements, we may not be able to exert effective control over the VIE and may lose control over the assets owned by it. As a result, we may be unable to consolidate the consolidated financial statements of the PRC operating entities and our ability to conduct business may be negatively affected.

Table of Contents

We may lose the ability to use and enjoy assets held by Gongwuyuan that are material to our business operations if Gongwuyuan or one of its subsidiaries declares bankruptcy or become subject to a dissolution or liquidation proceeding.

As part of our Contractual Arrangements, Gongwuyuan holds certain assets that are material for the PRC operating entities’ business operations, including permits, domain names and IP rights, among others. If Gongwuyuan or one of its subsidiaries goes bankrupt or all or part of its assets become subject to liens or rights of third-party creditors, we may be unable to continue some or all of the PRC operating entities’ business activities, which could materially and adversely affect our, and the VIE’s business, financial condition and results of operations. Under the Contractual Arrangements, Gongwuyuan may not enter into any transaction, except in the ordinary course of business, which substantially affect its assets, obligations, rights or operation without prior written consent from us. Further, if Gongwuyuan undergoes a voluntary or involuntary liquidation proceeding, independent third-party creditors may claim rights to some or all of its assets, thereby hindering our ability to operate our, and VIE’s business, which could materially and adversely affect our, and VIE’s business, financial condition and results of operations.

If we exercise the option to acquire an equity ownership in Gongwuyuan, the ownership transfer may subject us to certain limitations and substantial costs.

Pursuant to the Regulations for the Administration of Foreign-Invested Telecommunications Enterprises (the “FITE Regulations”) promulgated by the State Council, foreign investors are not allowed to hold more than 50% of the equity interests of any company providing value-added telecommunications services, including Internet Content Provider (“ICP”) services. In addition, foreign-invested telecommunication enterprises should meet the requirements as prescribed in the relevant regulations. As there remain uncertainties regarding the review requirements of foreign-invested telecommunications enterprises, we cannot assure you that we could meet all the requirements and could pass the examination and approval of the competent telecommunications authorities.

Pursuant to the Contractual Arrangements, the Pengze WFOE, or its designated person has the exclusive right to purchase up to ninety-five percent (95%) of the equity interests in Gongwuyuan from the shareholders at the lowest price permitted by applicable PRC Law, when and if permitted by applicable PRC Law. The equity transfer may be subject to the approvals from, registrations with or report to the MIIT, the State Administration for Market Regulation, the MOFCOM of the PRC and/or their local competent branches. In addition, the equity transfer price may be subject to review and tax adjustment by the relevant tax authority. The shareholders, will then pay the equity transfer price they receive to the Pengze WFOE or its designated person under the Contractual Arrangements. The amount to be received by the Pengze WFOE may also be subject to enterprise income tax. Such tax amounts could be substantial.

The interpretation and implementation of the newly enacted Foreign Investment Law may be subject to change, and how it may impact the viability of our current corporate structure, corporate governance, business, financial condition and results of operations.

On March 15, 2019, China’s National People’s Congress promulgated the Foreign Investment Law, which came into effect on January 1, 2020 and replaced the trio of previous laws regulating foreign investment in China, namely, the Sino-foreign Equity Joint Venture Enterprise Law, the Sino-foreign Cooperative Joint Venture Enterprise Law and the Wholly Foreign-invested Enterprise Law, together with their implementation rules and ancillary regulations. The Foreign Investment Law embodies an expected PRC regulatory trend to rationalize its foreign investment regulatory regime in line with prevailing international practice and the legislative efforts to unify the corporate legal requirements for both foreign and domestic investments. However, since it is relatively new, its interpretation and implementation may be subject to change, and failure to take timely and appropriate measures to cope with the regulatory-compliance challenges could result in material and adverse effect on us. For instance, though the Foreign Investment Law does not explicitly classify contractual arrangements as a form of foreign investment, it contains a catch-all provision under the definition of “foreign investment”, which includes investments made by foreign investors in China through means stipulated in laws or administrative regulations or other methods prescribed by the State Council of PRC. Therefore, it still leaves leeway for future laws, administrative regulations or provisions promulgated by the State Council to provide for contractual arrangements as a form of foreign investment, at which time it may change whether our contractual arrangements will be deemed to be in violation of the market access requirements for foreign investment in the PRC and how our Contractual Arrangements will be dealt with. In addition, if future laws, administrative regulations or provisions prescribed by the State Council mandate further actions to be taken by companies with respect to existing contractual arrangements, we may face substantial uncertainties as to whether we can complete such actions in a

Table of Contents

timely manner, or at all. We may be required to unwind our existing Contractual Arrangements and/or dispose of the relevant business operations, which could have a material and adverse effect on our current corporate structure, corporate governance, business, financial condition and results of operations.

The Negative List (2021) also stipulates that if a domestic enterprise engaged in business in the prohibited investment field issues shares abroad and is listed for trading, it shall be examined and approved by the relevant competent authorities of the state. According to a press release issued by the National Development and Reform Commission (“NDRC”) in relation to the Negative List (2021), the above provisions are only applicable to the direct overseas listing of domestic enterprises engaged in the prohibited investment field. However, if relevant governmental authority determines or new future rules provides that we are required to obtain the approval, we would have to apply for such approval. There is no assurance that we will be able to obtain such approval in time or at all. If we fail to obtain the approve as required or in a timely manner, the VIE structure may be deemed illegal and ordered to be cancelled by relevant government authorities, and other administrative measures or penalties may be imposed on us, which could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and the value of our Ordinary Shares.

Our Contractual Arrangements may be subject to scrutiny by the PRC tax authorities and who may determine that we owe additional taxes which could substantially reduce our consolidated net income.

Under PRC Laws, arrangements and transactions among related parties may be subject to audit or challenge by the PRC tax authorities. We could face material and adverse tax consequences if the PRC tax authorities determine that the Contractual Arrangements among the Pengze WFOE, Gongwuyuan and its shareholders do not represent an arms-length price and adjust the VIE’s income in the form of a transfer pricing adjustment. A transfer pricing adjustment could, among other things, result in a reduction, for PRC tax purposes, of expense deductions recorded by Gongwuyuan, which could in turn increase its tax liabilities. In addition, the PRC tax authorities may impose late payment fees and other penalties to Gongwuyuan for under-paid taxes. Our results of operations may be materially and adversely affected if our tax liabilities increase or if we are found to be subject to late payment fees or other penalties. Our financial conditions could be materially and adversely affected if our tax liabilities increase or Gongwuyuan is required to pay late payment fees and other penalties.

The shareholders of the VIE may have actual or potential conflicts of interest with us, which may materially and adversely affect our business and financial condition.

We expect the shareholding of the shareholders of the VIE in Baiya be diluted as a result of this offering and any potential equity financing that we may contemplate, thus they may have actual or potential conflicts of interest with us. These shareholders may breach, or refuse to renew, the existing Contractual Arrangements we have with them, which may have a material and adverse effect on our ability to effectively consolidate financial results of Gongwuyuan as primary beneficiary. We cannot assure you that when conflicts of interest arise any or all of these shareholders will act in the best interests of our company or such conflicts will be resolved in our favor. If we cannot resolve any conflict of interest or dispute between us and these shareholders, we would have to rely on legal proceedings, which could result in disruption of our business and subject us to substantial uncertainty as to the outcome of any such legal proceedings.

If the custodians or authorized users of our controlling non-tangible assets, including chops and seals of the VIE, fail to fulfill their responsibilities, or misappropriate or misuse these assets, our business and operations may be materially and adversely affected.

Under PRC law, legal documents for corporate transactions, including agreements and contracts that our business relies on, are executed using the chop or seal of the signing entity or with the signature of a legal representative whose designation is filed with the relevant local branch of the State Administration for Market Regulation (“SAMR”), formerly known as the State Administration for Industry and Commerce. We generally execute legal documents by affixing chops or seals, rather than having the designated legal representatives sign the documents.

We use three major types of chops: corporate chops, contract chops and finance chops. Chops are seals or stamps used by a PRC company to legally authorize documents, often in place of a signature. We use corporate chops generally for documents to be submitted to government agencies, such as applications for changing business scope, directors or company name, and for legal letters. We use contract chops generally for contracts and agreements. We use finance chops generally for making and collecting payments, including issuing invoices. Use of corporate chops must be approved by department manager and office of the president, use of contract chops must be approved by department

Table of Contents

manager or responsible personnel with higher authority, and use of finance chops must be approved by our finance department. The chops of our PRC subsidiary and consolidated VIE are generally held by the relevant entities so that documents can be executed locally. Although we usually utilize chops to execute contracts, the registered legal representatives of our PRC subsidiary and consolidated VIE have the apparent authority to enter into contracts on behalf of such entities without chops, unless such contracts set forth otherwise.

In order to maintain the physical security of our chops, we generally have them stored in secured locations accessible only to the designated key employees of the office of the president or finance departments. Our designated legal representatives generally do not have access to the chops. Although we have approval procedures in place and monitor our key employees, including the designated legal representatives of our subsidiary and consolidated VIE, the procedures may not be sufficient to prevent all instances of abuse or negligence. There is a risk that our key employees or designated legal representatives could abuse their authority, for example, by binding our subsidiary and consolidated VIE with contracts against our interests, as we would be obligated to honor these contracts if the other contracting party acts in good faith in reliance on the apparent authority of our chops or signatures of our legal representatives. If any designated legal representative obtains control of the chop in an effort to obtain control over the relevant entity, we will need to have a shareholder or board resolution to designate a new legal representative to take legal action to seek the return of the chop, apply for a new chop with the relevant authorities, or otherwise seek legal remedies for the legal representative’s misconduct. If any of the designated legal representatives obtains and misuses or misappropriates our chops and seals or other controlling intangible assets for whatever reason, we could experience disruption to our normal business operations. We may have to take corporate or legal action, which could involve significant time and resources to resolve the matter, while distracting management from our operations, and our business operations may be materially and adversely affected.

Risks Relating to Doing Business In China

The Chinese regulatory authorities may strengthen the supervision of securities offering, listing and business operation of U.S. listed Chinese companies, and the PRC government may intervene or influence the operations of the PRC operating entities at any time, or may exert control over their operations, by enactment or implementation of laws, regulation or policies, which could result in a material change in our operations and significantly and adversely impact the value of the Ordinary Shares, including potentially causing the value of the Ordinary Shares to decline or be worthless.

As a Cayman Islands holding company, we conduct substantially all our business in the PRC through the PRC operating entities, and our major executive directors, senior management and ultimate shareholders are located in China. We are therefore subject to the supervision of Chinese regulatory authorities. The PRC government may intervene or influence the operations of the PRC operating entities at any time, or may exert control over their operations, by enactment or implementation of laws, regulation or policies to further regulatory, political and societal goals. To the extent that the cash and assets in our business are in the PRC operating entities, the funds or assets may not be available to fund operations or for other use outside of the PRC without completion of relevant foreign exchange formalities. Failure to comply with relevant regulatory requirements regarding our business operation, funds or assets could adversely affect our, and or VIE’s business, financial condition and results of operations and the value of the Ordinary Shares, or significantly limit or completely hinder our ability to offer or continue to offer securities to investors and cause the value of the Ordinary Shares to significantly decline or in extreme cases, become worthless.

The Chinese regulatory authorities have recently published new regulations and policies that affected certain industries such as the internet industries, and future laws or regulations may require us to seek other permission from regulatory authorities to continue to operate our business, which may adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. Furthermore, recent statements made by the Chinese regulatory authorities have indicated an intent to strengthen the supervision of offerings of companies with significant operations in China that are to be conducted in foreign markets, as well as foreign investment in China-based issuers like us. Future laws, regulations and interpretations in relation to our industry or overseas offering could significantly limit or completely hinder our ability to offer or continue to offer the Ordinary Shares to our investors and could cause the value of the Ordinary Shares to significantly decline or become worthless.

Recently, the Chinese regulatory authorities announced to step up supervision of Chinese companies listed offshore. For example, China will improve regulation of cross-border data flows and security, crack down on illegal activity in the securities market and punish fraudulent securities issuance, market manipulation and insider trading, China will also check sources of funding for securities investment and control leverage ratios. The Cyberspace Administration of

Table of Contents

China (“CAC”) has also opened a cybersecurity probe into several U.S.-listed tech giants focusing on anti-monopoly, financial technology regulation and more recently, with the passage of the Data Security Law, how companies collect, store, process and transfer data.

Although Baiya is a Cayman Islands holding company, the PRC operating entities are headquartered and have operations in China. In light of the abovementioned announcements, there are risks and uncertainties which we cannot foresee for the time being due to future enhanced supervision on our industry or offerings conducted overseas and/or foreign investment in issuers likes ourselves.

If any or all of the foregoing were to occur, this could lead to a material change in the PRC operating entities’ operations and/or the value of the Ordinary Shares and/or significantly limit or completely hinder its ability to offer or continue to offer securities to investors and cause the value of such securities to significantly decline or be worthless.

On February 17, 2023, the CSRC issued the New Administrative Rules Regarding Overseas Listings, which became effective on March 31, 2023. According to the New Administrative Rules Regarding Overseas Listings, among other things, a domestic company in the PRC that seeks to offer and list securities in overseas markets shall fulfill the filing procedure with the CSRC. When a domestic company seeks to directly offer and list securities in overseas markets, the issuer shall file with the CSRC. When a domestic company seeks to indirectly offer and list securities in overseas markets, the issuer shall designate a major domestic operating entity, which shall, as the domestic responsible entity, file with the CSRC. Initial public offerings or listings in overseas markets shall be filed with the CSRC within 3 working days after the relevant application is submitted overseas. The required filing materials with the CSRC include (without limitation): (i) record-filing reports and related undertakings, (ii) compliance certificates, filing or approval documents from the primary regulators of applicants’ businesses (if applicable), (iii) security assessment opinions issued by related departments (if applicable), (iv) PRC legal opinions issued by domestic law firms (with related undertakings), and (v) prospectus or listing documents.

Pursuant to the New Administrative Rules Regarding Overseas Listings, we have to file with the CSRC in accordance with the Trial Administrative Measures with respect to this offering, which may materially delay the progress of the offer of our Ordinary Shares, or even completely hinder our ability to offer or continue to offer our Ordinary Shares if we fail to receive clearance of such filing requirements. Since the New Administrative Rules Regarding Overseas Listings are newly promulgated, and the interpretation and implementation thereof may be subject to change, we cannot assure that we will be able to complete the relevant filings in a timely manner or fulfil all the regulatory requirements thereunder.

On February 24, 2023, the CSRC promulgated the Confidentiality and Archives Administration Provisions, which also became effective on March 31, 2023. According to the Confidentiality and Archives Administration Provisions, domestic companies that seek overseas offering and listing (either in direct or indirect means) and the securities companies and securities service (either incorporated domestically or overseas) providers that undertake relevant

Table of Contents

businesses shall institute a sound confidentiality and archives administration system, and take necessary measures to fulfill confidentiality and archives administration obligations. They shall not leak any state secret or working secret of government agencies, or harm national security and public interests.

Furthermore, a domestic company that provides accounting archives or copies of accounting archives to any entities, including securities companies, securities service providers and overseas regulators and individuals, shall fulfill due procedures in compliance with applicable regulations. Working papers produced in the mainland China by securities companies and securities service providers in the process of undertaking businesses related to overseas offering and listing by domestic companies shall be retained in mainland China. Where such documents need to be transferred or transmitted to areas outside of mainland China, relevant approval procedures stipulated by regulations shall be followed. We believe that this offering does not involve the leaking of any state secret or working secret of government agencies, or the harming of national security and public interests. However, we may be required to perform additional procedures in connection with the provision of accounting archives. The specific requirements of the relevant procedures are currently unclear and we cannot be certain whether we will be able to perform the relevant procedures.

Our results of operations could be materially and adversely affected by global economic downturn.

Substantially all of our operations are located in China through the VIE and its subsidiaries. Accordingly, our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects may be influenced to a significant degree by economic and social conditions in China generally and by continued economic growth in China as a whole.

While the Chinese economy has experienced significant growth over the past decades, growth has been varied, both geographically and among various sectors of the economy. The Chinese regulatory authorities has implemented various measures to encourage economic growth and guide the allocation of resources. Some of these measures may benefit the overall Chinese economy, but may have a negative effect on us.

The Chinese economy is undergoing an economic restructuring since 2012, there is also uncertainty about the long-term impact of expansionary monetary and fiscal policies adopted by central banks and financial authorities in some of the world’s leading economies, including the United States and China, in the run-up to 2020. Unrest in the Middle East and elsewhere, the threat of terrorism, and the possibility of war could increase volatility in global markets. Any prolonged slowdown in the global or Chinese economy could affect potential customers’ confidence in the financial markets as a whole and have an adverse effect on our financial condition. Such developments could adversely affect our, and VIE’s business and operating results, lead to reduction in demand for VIE’s services and adversely affect VIE’s competitive position. In addition, while recent global economic conditions, including inflationary pressures, have not had a material adverse effect on our business in China, continued pressure on global economic conditions could adversely affect the Chinese market, and therefore our business, in the future.

Continued turmoil in the international markets may adversely affect our ability to access the capital markets to meet liquidity needs. There can also be no assurance as to future developments in the international and Chinese economies, and these changes may affect the industries in which we operate, which in turn may reduce demand for our services.

PRC laws and regulations governing our current business operations sometimes involve uncertainty, and sudden or unexpected changes in of laws and regulations in China applicable to us could adversely affect us and limit the legal protections available to you and us.

The PRC legal system is a civil law system based on written statutes. Prior court decisions are encouraged to be used for reference but it is of limited value. PRC laws and regulations governing our current business operations sometimes involve uncertainty and may be subject to future changes, which could be made quickly without soliciting public opinions in advance. Our operations and/or the value of our Ordinary Shares could therefore be adversely affected. Since some laws and regulations are relatively new and the PRC legal system continues to rapidly evolve, the interpretations of certain laws, regulations and rules may be published later, in the form of implementing rules or

Table of Contents

judicial interpretations and the court may use a certain amount of discretion depending on the specific circumstances of the case to ensure that the outcome is fair. Therefore, if we are involved in a lawsuit, for example, we need to defend our rights through litigation, there is no guarantee that we will win the case. Therefore, any administrative and court proceedings may be protracted, resulting in substantial costs and diversion of resources and management attention.

In 1979, the PRC government began to promulgate a comprehensive system of laws and regulations governing economic matters in general. The overall effect of legislation over the past decades has significantly enhanced the protections afforded to various forms of foreign investments in China. While the PRC legal system is now relatively complete, some laws and regulations are relatively new and the PRC legal system continues to evolve. To some extent, the legal system of China is based on government policies and relevant rules, and some policies are not publicized in a timely and prominent manner, and we may violate these policies and rules without knowing or being aware of them, which may affect our judgement on the relevance of legal requirements and our ability to enforce our, or VIE’s contractual rights or tort claims.

From time to time, we may have to resort to administrative and court proceedings to enforce our legal rights. However, PRC administrative and court authorities have a measure of discretion in interpreting and implementing statutory and contractual terms depending on the specific circumstances of the case when they consider necessary to ensure a fair outcome. Any failure to respond to changes in the regulatory environment in China could materially and adversely affect our business and impede our ability to continue our operations.

Since our business is subject to various government regulations and regulatory requirements in the PRC, if we cannot comply with existing and newly adopted laws and regulations from time to time, we will be subject to the legal and operational risks. These risks may result in material changes in operations, or a complete hindrance of our ability to offer or continue to offer securities to investors, and could cause the value of our securities to significantly decline or become worthless. Recently, the PRC regulatory authorities initiated a series of regulatory actions and statements that affected overseas securities offering, listing and certain industries, including cracking down on illegal activities in the securities market, enhancing supervision over overseas listing of domestic enterprises, adopting new measures to extend the scope of cybersecurity reviews, and expanding the efforts in anti-monopoly enforcement. On July 6, 2021, the General Office of the Communist Party of China Central Committee and the General Office of the State Council jointly issued an announcement to crack down on illegal activities in the securities market and promote the high-quality development of the capital market, which, among other things, requires the relevant governmental authorities to strengthen cross-border oversight of law-enforcement and judicial cooperation, to enhance supervision over China-based companies listed overseas, and to establish and improve the system of extraterritorial application of the PRC securities laws. On December 28, 2021, Cybersecurity Review Measures (2021 version) was issued, which became effective on February 15, 2022. As of the date of this prospectus, the above regulations have not impacted our ability to conduct the business, accept foreign investments, or list on a U.S. or other foreign exchange; however, the interpretation and enforcement of these new laws and guidelines may be subject to change, which could materially and adversely impact our overall business and financial outlook.

The PRC legal system is evolving, and the PRC laws and regulations governing our current business operations may be updated and amended from time to time which could adversely affect us.

We conduct our business in China through the PRC operating entities. The operations of the PRC operating entities in China are governed by PRC laws and regulations.

As the legislation in China and the PRC legal system has continued to evolve rapidly over the past decades and the PRC government has made significant progress in promulgating laws and regulations related to economic affairs and matters, for example, such laws and regulations have significantly enhanced the protections afforded to various forms of foreign investments in China. However, some of these laws and regulations are relatively new and the interpretation of details of newly enacted laws or regulations may be published later, in the form of implementing rules or judicial interpretations. Since the PRC government is constantly improving legislation in relevant fields, such as cybersecurity, data security, privacy protection and anti-monopoly, new laws and regulations will affect our existing and proposed future businesses and we may need to take certain corresponding measures to maintain our regulatory compliance, such as adjusting the relevant business or transactions and introducing compliance experts and talents, which may incur additional related costs and adverse impact on our business. Furthermore, the interpretations of some laws, regulations and rules may be published by PRC legislature in the future. It is difficult for us to predict what future actions the PRC authorities may take. Therefore, the court may use a certain amount of discretion depending on the specific circumstances of the case if

Table of Contents

it consider necessary to ensure a fair outcome, if we are involved in a lawsuit, it may be difficult to evaluate the outcome court proceedings available to you and us. Any failure to respond to changes in the regulatory environment in China could materially and adversely affect our business and impede our ability to continue our operations.

We, and the VIE may be adversely affected by the updated and amended PRC laws and regulations related to the internet-related business and companies.

The PRC government extensively regulates the internet industry, including foreign ownership of, and the licensing and permit requirements pertaining to, companies in the internet industry. These internet-related laws and regulations are relatively new and evolving, and given the ongoing legislation process in the PRC, there remain uncertainties regarding the interpretation and enforcement. Issues and, risk relating to PRC regulation of the internet business include, but are not limited to, the following:

• We only have contractual arrangement over the PRC operating entities due to the restriction of foreign investment in businesses providing value-added telecommunication services in China. This may significantly disrupt our business, subject us to sanctions, compromise enforceability of related contractual arrangements, or have other harmful effects on us.

• The laws and regulations governing the internet business in China, including evolving licensing practices and the requirement for real-name registrations, may be subject to change from time to time, and their official interpretation and enforcement may involve uncertainties. This means that permits, licenses or operations at some of the PRC operating entities may be subject to challenge, or we may fail to obtain permits or licenses that may be deemed necessary for our operations or we may not be able to obtain or renew certain permits or licenses. If we fail to maintain any of these required licenses or approvals, we may be subject to various penalties, including fines and discontinuation of or restriction on our operations. Any such disruption in our business operations may have a material and adverse effect on our results of operations.

• New laws and regulations may be promulgated that will regulate internet activities, including online content provision and advertising businesses. If these new laws and regulations are promulgated, additional licenses may be required for our operations. If our operations do not comply with these new regulations after they become effective, or if we fail to obtain any licenses required under these new laws and regulations, we could be subject to penalties.

If we cannot comply with the interpretation and application of existing PRC laws, regulations and policies and possible new laws, regulations or policies in the future relating to the internet industry, the legality of existing and future foreign investments in, and the businesses and activities of, internet businesses in China, our business and corporate structure could be adversely affected. For example, on December 27, 2021, the Special Administrative Measures for Access of Foreign Investment (2021 Edition), or the Negative List (2021) were promulgated. According to the Negative List (2021), our value-added telecommunication services are restricted industry. The Negative List (2021) also stipulates that if a domestic enterprise engaged in business in the prohibited investment field issues shares abroad and is listed for trading, it shall be examined and approved by the relevant competent authorities of the state. According to a press release issued by the NDRC in relation to the Negative List (2021), the above provisions are only applicable to the direct overseas listing of domestic enterprises engaged in business in the prohibited investment field. However, provisions on overseas indirect listing of domestic companies are still being formulated and there are no detailed rules in connection with relevant requirements or procedures to obtain approval from relevant competent departments of the state. If relevant governmental authority determines or new future rules provides that we are required to obtain the approval and/or abide by the management requirement, we would have to apply for such approval and/or adjust our current management mechanism. There is no assurance that we will be able to obtain such approval in time or at all.

Subject to interpretation by the relevant authorities, it may not be possible for us to determine in all cases the type of content that could result in liability for us, given the Chinese regulatory authorities continues to maintain or strengthen protection measures on internet content in China. We may not be able to control or restrict all of the online content generated, transmitted or placed on our network or platform by our users, despite our attempt to monitor and filter such content. To the extent that regulatory authorities find any portion of our content on our network or platform objectionable or requiring any license or permit that we have not obtained, they may require us to limit or eliminate the dissemination of such information or otherwise curtail the nature of such content, and keep records

Table of Contents

and report to relevant authorities, which may reduce our user traffic. In addition, we may be subject to significant penalties for violations of those regulations arising from prohibited content displayed on, retrieved from or uploaded to our network or platform, including a suspension or shutdown of our operations. The enforcement activities may be intensified in connection with any ongoing government campaigns. In addition, while we maintain a regular internal monitoring and compliance protocol, we cannot ascertain that we would not fall foul of any changing or new government regulations or standards in the future. If we receive a public warning from the relevant government authorities or our licenses are revoked, our reputation would be harmed and if the operation of our online business is suspended or shut down entirely or in part, our revenues and results of operation may be materially and adversely affected. Furthermore, the internal compliance investigation and the removal of content may have a material impact on our network or platform operation, which in turn may lead to a decrease in users and have an adverse effect on our revenues and results of operations. To date, we have not been able to quantify the magnitude and extent of such impact.

The successful operations of our and VIE’s business and our growth depend upon the internet infrastructure and telecommunication networks in China.

Almost all access to the internet in China is maintained through certain giant telecommunication operators under the regulatory supervision of the MIIT. Moreover, the VIE primarily relies on a limited number of telecommunication service providers to provide it with data communications capacity through local telecommunications lines. The VIE has limited access to alternative networks or services in the event of disruptions, failures or other problems with the internet infrastructure or telecommunications networks provided by telecommunication service providers. Internet traffic in China has experienced significant growth during the past few years. Effective bandwidth and server storage at internet data centers in large cities in China are limited. With the expansion of our, and VIE’s business, the VIE may be required to upgrade its technology and infrastructure to keep up with the increasing traffic on its mobile apps and websites. In the event that the internet infrastructure and telecommunications networks cannot keep pace with the increased demands associated with Internet usage, the development of the VIE’s business could be hampered. If the VIE is unable to increase our online content and service delivering capacity accordingly, the VIE may not be able to continuously grow its internet traffic and the adoption of its products and services may be hindered, which could adversely impact our, and VIE’s business and our Share price.

In addition, we, and the VIE have no control over the costs of the services provided by telecommunication service providers. If the prices the VIE pays for telecommunications and internet services rise significantly, our, and VIE’s results of operations may be materially and adversely affected.

Furthermore, if internet access fees or other charges to internet users increase, users may be discouraged or prevented from accessing the internet and thus cause the growth of internet users to decelerate. Such deceleration may adversely affect VIE’s ability to continue to expand its user base, which in turn could adversely affect the operation of our, and VIE’s business and growth.

Regulation and censorship of information disseminated over the internet in China may adversely affect our business and reputation and subject the VIE to liability for information displayed on our websites.

The PRC regulators have adopted regulations governing internet access and the distribution of news and other information over the internet. Under these regulations, internet content providers and internet publishers are prohibited from posting or displaying over the internet content that, among other things, violates PRC Laws, impairs the national dignity of China, or is reactionary, obscene, superstitious, fraudulent or defamatory. Failure to comply with these requirements may result in the revocation of licenses to provide internet content and other licenses, and the closure of the concerned websites. In the past, failure to comply with such requirements has resulted in the closure of certain websites. The website operator may also be held liable for such censored information displayed on or linked to the websites. If any of VIE’s websites and teaching materials disseminated are found to be in violation of any such requirements, the VIE may be penalized by relevant authorities, and VIE’s operations or reputation could be adversely affected.

Table of Contents

We may be subject to liability for placing advertisements with content that is deemed inappropriate or misleading under PRC laws.

According to Chinese law, if any advertisement issued by our PRC subsidiary infringes the rights and interests of a third party, contain contents prohibited by the relevant laws, or is otherwise in violation of relevant regulatory requirements, the PRC operating entities may bear the liability for compensation or be subject to investigations or penalties by governmental authorities, which may cause us financial loss.

The PRC operating entities may be liable for improper collection, use or appropriation of personal information provided by our customers and users.

The PRC operating entities collect and retains customer and user data, including personal information. The PRC operating entities also maintain information about various aspects of their operations as well as regarding their employees. The integrity and protection of the PRC operating entities’ customer, user, employee and company data is critical to our business. The PRC operating entities’ customers, users and employees expect that the PRC operating entities will adequately protect their personal information. The PRC operating entities are required by applicable laws to keep strictly confidential the personal information that we collect, and to take adequate security measures to safeguard such information.

According to the applicable PRC laws and regulations in relation to cybersecurity and data security, data processing includes, in a broad sense, among others, the collection or access, processing, transmission and related data activities.

The PRC Criminal Law, as amended by its Amendment 7 (effective on February 28, 2009), and Amendment 9 (effective on November 1, 2015), Amendment 10 (effective on November 4, 2017) and Amendment 11 (effective on March 1, 2021), prohibits institutions, companies and their employees from selling or otherwise illegally disclosing a citizen’s personal information obtained during the course of performing duties or providing services or obtaining such information through theft or other illegal ways. The Civil Code of the PRC (issued by the PRC National People’s Congress on May 28, 2020 and effective from January 1, 2021) provides main legal basis for privacy and personal information infringement claims under the Chinese civil laws. PRC regulators, including the Cyberspace Administration of China, MIIT, and the Ministry of Public Security have been increasingly focused on regulation in the areas of data security and data protection. The PRC regulatory requirements regarding cybersecurity are constantly evolving. For instance, various regulatory bodies in China, including the Cyberspace Administration of China, the Ministry of Public Security and the SAMR, have enforced data privacy and protection laws and regulations with varying and evolving standards and interpretations. The PRC governmental authorities have promulgated, among others, the Cyber Security Law of the PRC (《中华人民共和国网络安全法》), Personal Information Protection Law of the People’s Republic of China (《中华人民共和国个人信息保护法》), Data Security Law of the People’s Republic of China (《中华人民共和国数据安全法》), Measures for Cybersecurity Review (2021) (《网络安全审查办法(2021)》) and the Measures for the Security Assessment of Outbound Data Transfers, or the Measures (《数据出境安全评估办法》) to ensure cyber security, data and personal information protection. Recently, the CAC had further proposed the Administration Regulations on Cyber Data Security (Draft for Comments) (《网络数据安全管理条例（征求意见稿）》) (the “Administrative Regulations Draft”) for public comments, which provided guidance on the cross-border data transmission and potential cybersecurity review scope.

The PRC operating entities attach great importance to data security, cyber security and personal information protection, and the evolvement of applicable PRC laws and regulations therewith, and we strive to comply with laws and regulations with respect to data security, cyber security and personal information protection. As of the date of this prospectus, The PRC operating entities have implemented comprehensive internal policies and measures on protection of cyber security, data privacy and personal information so as to comply with relevant PRC laws and regulations. The main internal policies and measures of are as follows: (i) for customer data processing, the PRC operating entities deploy the access control mechanism on the server side, adopts the principle of minimum authorization for the staff who may contact end users’ personal data; (ii) the PRC operating entities’ operating systems and database systems have password complexity requirements; (iii) the PRC operating entities have established Information Security Committee and appoints Bin Tan to be the head of the committee; (iv) the PRC operating entities have formulated a cybersecurity contingency plan and will conduct training and safety drills every year in preparation for any emergency cybersecurity incidents; (v) the PRC operating entities have established data privacy policies to ensure that its collection of data is conducted in accordance with applicable laws and regulations and that the collection is for legitimate purposes as set out in its agreements.

Table of Contents

While the PRC operating entities take various measures to comply with applicable data privacy and protection laws and regulations, there is no guarantee that our current or past security measures and those of our third-party service providers may always be adequate for the protection of our customer, employee or company data, nor fully fulfil the requirements under relevant PRC laws and regulations; and like all companies, the PRC operating entities have experienced data incidents from time to time. In addition, given the size of our customer base and the types and volume of personal data on the PRC operating entities’ system, the PRC operating entities may be a particularly attractive target for computer hackers, foreign governments or cyber terrorists. Unauthorized access to the PRC operating entities’ proprietary internal and customer data may be obtained through break-ins, sabotage, breach of their secure network by an unauthorized party, computer viruses, computer denial-of-service attacks, employee theft or misuse, breach of the security of the networks of their third-party service providers, or other misconduct. Because the techniques used by computer programmers who may attempt to penetrate and sabotage the PRC operating entities’ proprietary internal and customer data change frequently and may not be recognized until launched against a target, the PRC operating entities may be unable to anticipate these techniques. Unauthorized access to the PRC operating entities’ proprietary internal and customer data may also be obtained through inadequate use of security controls. Any of such incidents may harm our and the VIE’s reputation and adversely affect our and the VIE’s business and results of operations. In addition, we and the VIE may be subject to negative publicity about our security and privacy policies, systems, or measurements from time to time.

Any failure to prevent or mitigate security breaches, cyber-attacks or other unauthorized access to the PRC operating entities’ systems or disclosure of our customers’ data, including their personal information, could result in loss or misuse of such data, interruptions to their service system, diminished customer experience, loss of customer confidence and trust, impairment of our technology infrastructure, and harm the PRC operating entities’ reputation and business, resulting in significant legal and financial exposure and potential lawsuits and could cause the value of the Ordinary Shares to significantly decline or be worthless. In addition, any violation of the provisions and requirements under relevant laws and regulations with respect to cyber security, data security and personal information protection may subject the PRC operating entities to rectifications, warnings, fines, confiscation of illegal gains, suspension of the related business, revocation of licenses, cancellation of qualifications being entered into the relevant credit record or even criminal liabilities.

In April 2020, the Chinese government promulgated the Cybersecurity Review Measures, which came into effect on June 1, 2020. According to the Cybersecurity Review Measures, operators of critical information infrastructure must pass a cybersecurity review when purchasing network products and services which do or may affect national security. On November 14, 2021, the Cyberspace Administration of China published the Administrative Regulations Draft, which reiterates that data handlers that process the personal information of more than one million users listing in a foreign country should apply for a cybersecurity review. On December 28, 2021, the CAC published the Measures for Cybersecurity Review (2021 version), which became effective on February 15, 2022 and replace the Measures for Cybersecurity Review promulgated on April 13, 2020. The Measures for Cybersecurity Review (2021 version) specifies that the procurement of network products and services by operator of critical information infrastructure and the activities of data process carried out by Internet platform operator that raise or may raise “national security” concerns are subject to strict cyber security review by Cybersecurity Review Office established by the CAC. Before critical information infrastructure operator purchases internet products and services, it should assess the potential risk of national security that may be caused by the use of such products and services. If such use of products and services may give raise to national security concerns, it should apply for a cybersecurity review by the Cybersecurity Review Office and a report of analysis of the potential effect on national security shall be submitted when the application is made. In addition, Internet platform operators that possess the personal data of over one million users must apply for a review by the Cybersecurity Review Office, if they plan to list their companies in foreign countries. The CAC may voluntarily conduct cyber security review if any network products and services and activities of data process affects or may affect national security. It may take approximately 70 business days in maximum for the general cybersecurity review upon the delivery of their applications, which may be subject to extensions for a special review. On July 7, 2022, the Measures for the Security Assessment of Outbound Data Transfers, or the Measures was published and became effective on September 1, 2022, which requires security assessment of outbound data transfers in cases, among others, outbound transfer of important data, outbound transfer of personal information by a critical information infrastructure operator or a personal information processor who has processed the personal information of more than one million people. For more details about the Measures, please see “Regulations — Regulations Relating to Information Security and Censorship”.

Table of Contents

The PRC operating entities currently does not have over one million users’ personal information and does not anticipate that it will be collecting over one million users’ personal information in the foreseeable future; Further, the PRC operating entities’ business operations do not involve any Critical Information Infrastructure, and neither we nor the PRC operating entities have received any notification from applicable PRC governmental authorities indicating that any of the PRC operating entities’ products or services is determined as the Critical Information Infrastructure. In view of the above, our PRC legal counsel is of the view that we are not subject to the cybersecurity review for this offering under the Measures for Cybersecurity Review (2021 version), the Administrative Regulations Draft if enacted as proposed, or the Measures. As of the date of this prospectus, neither we nor the PRC operating entities have received any notification from applicable PRC governmental authorities indicating that we or the PRC operating entities shall file for a cybersecurity review.

However, as there remains uncertainties in the interpretation and enforcement of relevant PRC cybersecurity laws and regulations, we cannot assure you that the PRC regulators will reach the same conclusion as we and our PRC legal counsel. If in the future, the PRC regulators require us or the PRC operating entities to apply for a cybersecurity review, we cannot assure you that we or the PRC operating entities are able to pass such review. In addition, we and the PRC operating entities could become subject to enhanced cybersecurity review or investigations launched by PRC regulators in the future. Any failure or delay in the completion of the cybersecurity review procedures or any other non-compliance with the related laws and regulations may result in fines or other penalties, including suspension the PRC operating entities’ business, website closure, removal of our app from the relevant app stores, and revocation of prerequisite licenses, as well as reputational damage or legal proceedings or actions against us and the PRC operating entities, which may have material adverse effect on ours and the PRC operating entities’ business, financial condition or results of operations and cause the value of the Ordinary Shares to significantly decline or be worthless.

As for the Administrative Regulations Draft issued by CAC recently, as advised by the PRC legal counsel, since the relevant government authorities have not enacted the Administrative Regulations Draft into law as of the date of this prospectus, the Administrative Regulations Draft (especially its operative provisions) and its anticipated adoption or effective date are subject to further changes. We will continue to pay close attention to the legislative and regulatory developments in data security and comply with the latest regulatory requirements.

We rely on dividends and other distributions on equity paid by our PRC subsidiary to fund any cash and financing requirements we may have, and any limitation on the ability of our PRC subsidiary to make payments to us could have a material adverse effect on our ability to conduct our business.

We are a holding company, and we rely on dividends and other distributions on equity paid by our PRC subsidiary for our cash and financing requirements, including the funds necessary to pay dividends and other cash distributions to our shareholders and service any debt we may incur. If our PRC subsidiary incur debt on their own behalf in the future, the instruments governing the debt may restrict their ability to pay dividends or make other distributions to us. In addition, the PRC tax authorities may require our PRC subsidiary to adjust its taxable income, in a manner that would materially and adversely affect their ability to pay dividends and other distributions to us.

Under PRC laws and regulations, our PRC subsidiary, as wholly foreign-owned enterprise in China, may pay dividends only out of their respective accumulated after-tax profits as determined in accordance with PRC accounting standards and regulations. In addition, a wholly foreign-owned enterprise is required to set aside at least 10% of its accumulated after-tax profits each year, if any, to fund certain statutory reserve funds, until the aggregate amount of such funds reaches 50% of its registered capital. At the discretion of its shareholders, a wholly foreign-owned enterprise may allocate a portion of its after-tax profits based on PRC accounting standards to fund an optional reserve. These reserve funds and staff welfare and bonus funds are not distributable as cash dividends.

Since the fourth quarter of 2016, the People’s Bank of China and SAFE have implemented a series of measures, including stricter vetting procedures for China-based companies to remit foreign currency for overseas acquisitions, dividend payments and shareholder loan repayments. The PRC government may continue to modify such measures and our PRC subsidiary’s dividends and other distributions may be affected in the future. Any limitation on the ability of our PRC subsidiary to pay dividends or make other distributions to us could adversely affect our ability to grow, make investments or acquisitions that could be beneficial to our business, pay dividends, or otherwise fund and conduct our business.

Table of Contents

Circumstances relating to the withholding tax liabilities of our PRC subsidiary may be subject to change under the EIT Law, and dividends payable by our PRC subsidiary to our offshore subsidiaries may not qualify to enjoy certain treaty benefits.

Under the PRC Enterprise Income Tax Law (the “EIT Law”) and its implementation rules, the profits of a foreign invested enterprise generated through operations, which are distributed to its immediate holding company outside the PRC, will be subject to a withholding tax rate of 10%. Pursuant to a special arrangement between Hong Kong and the PRC, such rate may be reduced to 5% if a Hong Kong resident enterprise owns more than 25% of the equity interest in the PRC company. Our PRC subsidiary is wholly-owned by our Hong Kong subsidiary. Moreover, under the Notice of the State Administration of Taxation on Issues regarding the Administration of the Dividend Provision in Tax Treaties promulgated on February 20, 2009, the taxpayer needs to satisfy certain conditions to enjoy the benefits under a tax treaty. These beneficial owners of the relevant dividends and the corporate shareholder to receive dividends from the PRC subsidiary must have continuously met the direct ownership thresholds during the 12 consecutive months preceding the receipt of the dividends. Based on the Notice of the State Taxation Administration on the Recognition of Beneficial Owners in Tax Treaties, which was promulgated by STA on February 3, 2018 and came into effect on April 1, 2018, a comprehensive analysis will be used to determine beneficial ownership based on the actual situation of a specific case combined with certain principles, and if an applicant was obliged to pay more than 50% of its income to a third country (region) resident within 12 months of the receipt of the income, or the business activities undertaken by an applicant did not constitute substantive business activities including substantive manufacturing, distribution, management and other activities, the applicant was unlikely to be recognized as a beneficial owner to enjoy tax treaty benefits. In current practice, a Hong Kong enterprise must obtain a tax resident certificate from the relevant Hong Kong tax authority to apply for the 5% lower PRC withholding tax rate. As the Hong Kong tax authority will issue such a tax resident certificate on a case-by-case basis, we cannot assure you that we will be able to obtain the tax resident certificate from the relevant Hong Kong tax authority. As of the date of this prospectus, we have not commenced the application process for a Hong Kong tax resident certificate from the relevant Hong Kong tax authority, and there is no assurance that we will be granted such a Hong Kong tax resident certificate. Even after we obtain the Hong Kong tax resident certificate, we are required by applicable tax laws and regulations to file required forms and materials with relevant PRC tax authorities to prove that we can enjoy 5% lower PRC withholding tax rate. We intend to obtain the required materials and file with the relevant tax authorities when it plans to declare and pay dividends, but there is no assurance that the PRC tax authorities will approve the 5% withholding tax rate on dividends received from Juxing HK, incorporated in Hong Kong.

PRC regulation of loans to and direct investment in PRC entities by offshore holding companies and governmental management measures of currency conversion may delay us from using the proceeds of this offering to make loans to or make additional capital contributions to our PRC subsidiary and VIE which could our liquidity and our ability to fund and expand our business.

Any funds we transfer to our PRC subsidiary the Pengze WFOE, either as a shareholder loan or as an increase in registered capital, are subject to approval by or registration or filing with relevant governmental authorities in China. According to the relevant PRC regulations on foreign-invested enterprises, or FIEs, in China, capital contributions to the Pengze WFOE are subject to registration with State Administration for Market Regulation in its local branches, report submission to the Ministry of Commerce in its local branches and registration with a local bank authorized by SAFE. In addition, any foreign loans by us to Pengze WFOE or the VIE cannot exceed a statutory limit and is required to be registered with the SAFE or its local branches. See “Regulations — Regulations on Offshore Parent Holding Companies’ Direct Investment in and Loans to Their PRC subsidiary”. We may not obtain these government approvals or complete such registrations on a timely basis, if at all, with respect to future capital contributions or foreign loans by us to Pengze WFOE and VIE. If we fail to receive such approvals or complete such registration or filing, our ability to use the proceeds of this offering and to capitalize our PRC operations may be negatively affected, which could adversely affect our liquidity and our ability to fund and expand our business. On March 30, 2015, the SAFE promulgated the Circular on Reforming the Management Approach Regarding the Foreign Exchange Capital Settlement of Foreign-Invested Enterprises or SAFE Circular 19. SAFE Circular 19 launched a nationwide reform of the administration of the settlement of the foreign exchange capitals of FIEs and allows FIEs to settle their foreign exchange capital at their discretion, but prohibit FIEs from using the Renminbi fund converted from their foreign exchange capitals for expenditure beyond their business scopes, providing entrusted loans or repaying loans between non-financial enterprises. SAFE further promulgated Circular on Reforming and Regulating the Policies for the Administration of Foreign Exchange Settlement under the Capital Account or SAFE Circular 16, effective on June 9, 2016, which, among other things, amend certain provisions of Circular 19. SAFE Circulars 19 and 16 both

Table of Contents

prohibit FIEs from using the Renminbi fund converted from their foreign exchange capitals for expenditure beyond their business scopes or for investment and financing other than equity investment or investment in guaranteed products issued by banks, and also prohibit FIEs from using such Renminbi fund to provide loans to persons other than affiliates or constructing or purchasing real estate not for self-use, unless otherwise permitted under its business scope. As a result, we are required to apply Renminbi funds converted from the net proceeds we received from this offering within the business scopes of our PRC subsidiary. SAFE Circular 19 and 16 may limit our ability to transfer to and use in China the net proceeds from this offering, which may affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Regulatory measures on currency exchange under PRC Laws may affect our ability to convert cash derived from our operating activities into foreign currencies and may affect the value of your investment.

The PRC regulatory authorities have taken a series of measures to regulate the convertibility of Renminbi into foreign currencies. We receive substantially all of our revenue in Renminbi. Under our current corporate structure, our income is primarily derived from dividend payments from Pengze WFOE. Shortages in the availability of foreign currency may restrict the ability of Pengze WFOE to remit sufficient foreign currency to pay dividends or other payments to us, or otherwise satisfy their foreign currency denominated obligations, if any.

Under existing PRC foreign exchange regulations, conversion of Renminbi is permitted, without prior approval from the SAFE, for current account transactions, including profit distributions, interest payments and expenditures from trade-related transactions, as long as certain procedural requirements are complied with. However, approval from and registration with the SAFE, other PRC regulatory authorities or designated banks are required where Renminbi is to be converted into foreign currency and remitted out of China for capital account transactions, which includes foreign direct investment and repayment of loans denominated in foreign currencies. The PRC regulatory authorities may also modify the regulations in the future about the access to foreign currencies for current account transactions. Any existing and future regulations on currency exchange in China may affect our ability to convert cash derived from our operating activities into foreign currencies to fund expenditures denominated in foreign currencies. If the foreign exchange regulations in China limit us from obtaining US dollars or other foreign currencies as required, we may not be able to pay dividends in US dollars or other foreign currencies to our shareholders, or pay to suppliers and contractors in currencies other than Renminbi.

Furthermore, foreign exchange regulations in respect of the capital account transactions could affect our PRC subsidiary’ ability to obtain foreign exchange or conversion into Renminbi through debt or equity financing, including by means of loans or capital contributions from us.

Fluctuations in exchange rates could adversely affect our results of operations and the value of your investment.

The value of Renminbi against the U.S. dollar and other currencies fluctuates, is subject to changes resulting from the PRC government’s policies and depends to a large extent on domestic and international economic and political developments as well as supply and demand in the local market. With the development of the foreign exchange market and progress toward interest rate liberalization and Renminbi internationalization, we cannot assure you that the Renminbi will not appreciate or depreciate significantly in value against the Hong Kong dollar or the U.S. dollar in the future.

Substantially all of our revenue and costs are denominated in Renminbi and most of our financial assets are also denominated in Renminbi. We rely entirely on dividends and other fees paid to us by our PRC subsidiary and the VIE. Our proceeds from this offering will be denominated in dollars. Any significant change in the exchange rates of the dollar against Renminbi may affect the value of and any dividends payable on, our Shares in dollars. For example, a further appreciation of Renminbi against the dollar would make any new Renminbi-denominated investments or expenditures more costly to us, to the extent that we need to convert dollars into Renminbi for such purposes. An appreciation of Renminbi against the dollar would also result in foreign currency translation losses for financial reporting purposes when we translate our dollar denominated financial assets into Renminbi. Conversely, if we decide to convert our Renminbi into dollars for the purpose of making payments for dividends on our Shares or for other business purposes, appreciation of the dollar against Renminbi would have a negative effect on the dollar amount available to us.

Table of Contents

Our reporting currency is the U.S. dollar while the functional currency for our PRC operating entities is RMB. Gains and losses from the re-measurement of assets and liabilities that are receivable or payable in RMB are included in our consolidated statements of operations. The re-measurement has caused the U.S. dollar value of our results of operations to vary with exchange rate fluctuations, and the U.S. dollar value of our results of operations will continue to vary with exchange rate fluctuations. A fluctuation in the value of RMB relative to the U.S. dollar could reduce our profits from operations and the translated value of our net assets when reported in U.S. dollars in our consolidated financial statements. This could have a negative impact on our business, financial condition or results of operations as reported in U.S. dollars. In addition, fluctuations in currencies relative to the periods in which the earnings are generated may make it more difficult to perform period-to-period comparisons of our reported results of operations.

Very limited hedging options are available to reduce our exposure to exchange rate fluctuations. To date, we have not entered into any material hedging transactions in an effort to reduce our exposure to foreign currency exchange risk. While we may decide to enter into hedging transactions in the future, the availability and effectiveness of these hedges may be limited and we may not be able to adequately hedge our exposure or at all. In addition, our currency exchange losses may be magnified by PRC exchange management regulations that affect our ability to convert Renminbi into foreign currency.

The enforcement of the PRC Labor Contract Law and other labor-related regulations in the PRC may adversely affect our, and VIE’s business and results of operations.

The Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress enacted the Labor Contract Law in 2008, and amended it on December 28, 2012. The Labor Contract Law introduced specific provisions related to fixed-term labor contracts, part-time employment, probationary periods, consultation with Labor unions and employee assemblies, employment without a written contract, dismissal of employees, severance, and collective bargaining to enhance previous PRC Labor Jaws. Under the Labor Contract Law, an employer is obligated to sign an unlimited-term Labor contract with any employee who has worked for the employer for ten consecutive years. Further, if an employee requests or agrees to renew a fixed-term Labor contract that has already been entered into twice consecutively, the resulting contract, with certain exceptions, must have an unlimited term, subject to certain exceptions. With certain exceptions, an employer must pay severance to an employee where a Labor contract is terminated or expires. In addition, the PRC governmental authorities have continued to introduce various new Labor-related regulations since the effectiveness of the Labor Contract Law.

Under the PRC Social Insurance Law and the Administrative Measures on Housing Fund, employees are required to participate in pension insurance, work-related injury insurance, medical insurance, unemployment insurance, maternity insurance, and housing funds and employers are required, together with their employees or separately, to pay the social insurance premiums and housing funds for their employees. If the VIE fails to make adequate social insurance and housing fund contributions, the VIE may be subject to fines and legal sanctions, and our, and VIE’s business, financial conditions and results of operations may be adversely affected.

These laws designed to enhance labor protection tend to increase VIE’s labor costs. In addition, as the interpretation and implementation of these regulations are still evolving, VIE’s employment practices may not be at all times be deemed in compliance with the regulations. As a result, the VIE could be subject to penalties or incur significant liabilities in connection with labor disputes or investigations.

VIE’s failure to fully comply with PRC labor-related laws may expose it to potential penalties.

Companies operating in China are required to participate in various government sponsored employee benefit plans, including certain social insurance, housing funds and other welfare-oriented payment obligations, and contribute to the plans in amounts equal to certain percentages of salaries, including bonuses and allowances, of our employees up to a maximum amount specified by the local government from time to time at locations where the companies operate its businesses. The requirement of employee benefit plans has not been implemented consistently by the local governments in China given the different levels of economic development in different locations. The VIE and some of its subsidiaries have not paid social insurance and housing provident fund in strict compliance with the relevant PRC regulations for and on behalf of their employees and/or have not carried out social insurance registration and housing provident fund deposit registration as required by PRC laws as of the date of this prospectus The VIE and its subsidiaries may be subject to penalties for its failure to make payments in accordance with the applicable PRC laws and regulations, or rectification as required by the relevant governmental authorities. We have estimated the

Table of Contents

additional contributions of social insurance and housing funds based on the actual wages of eligible employees to be approximately $nil and $277,965 for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, which have been recorded as accruals in our consolidated financial statements for each fiscal year. The VIE and its subsidiaries may be required to make up the contributions for social insurance and housing provident fund and/or to pay late fees and fines. We have not made any accruals for penalties that may be imposed by the relevant PRC governmental authorities in the financial statements. As of the date of this prospectus, the VIE and its subsidiaries have not received any notification from the PRC governmental authorities requiring us to pay any outstanding amount of the social insurance and housing provident fund contributions. Though our management considers the likelihood that we are required by the PRC governmental authorities to make additional payment for the above mentioned amount wholly is low. If the VIE or any of its subsidiaries is subject to fines in relation to the underpaid employee benefits, our, and the financial condition and results of operations of the VIE or its subsidiaries may be adversely affected.

Further, Pursuant to the PRC Labor Contract Law, or the Labor Contract Law, that became effective in January 2008 and was last amended in December 2012 and its implementing rules that became effective in September 2008, as well as other relevant labor laws and regulations, the VIE and its subsidiaries are subject to stricter requirements in terms of, among others, signing labor contracts, minimum wages, paying remuneration, determining the term of employees’ probation and unilaterally terminating labor contracts. As of the date of this prospectus, some employees signed labor contracts with several PRC operating entities but actually work for different PRC operating entities, it may be considered that the actual employers have failed to sign labor contracts with the employees. Under the PRC laws, if the employer fails to conclude a written labor contract with the employee within one month but less than one year from the date of employment, it shall pay twice the monthly salary to the employee. If the VIE or its subsidiaries are unable to comply with labor-related laws and regulations in China, it may be subject to compensations, liabilities, penalties, labor disputes or government investigations. If the VIE or its subsidiaries are deemed to have violated relevant labor laws and regulations, it could be required to provide additional compensation to the employees and subject to fines or any penalties, and our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected.

Failure to obtain or renew relevant requisite licenses, permits, authorization, approvals or certificates from the relevant government authorities related to our business operation could have a material adverse effect on our ability to conduct our business and our financial conditions.

Our business operation in the PRC is subject to various licenses, permits, authorization, approvals or certificates from or completion of relevant filings, registration with, or reports to the relevant governmental authorities, including, but not limited to, the Value-added telecommunications business license, Human resource services license, Labor dispatch business license, and Road transport business license.

Gongwuyuan started to operate the employment platform and published employment information as well as conducted other activities related to the operation of value-added telecommunication business from March 2019, but did not obtain the value-added telecommunication business operation license (“ICP License”) until February 2020. According to the Administrative Measures for Internet Information Services, to engage in commercial Internet information services, the operator shall apply for an ICP License, if such operator do not obtain an ICP License but engage in commercial Internet information services without authorization, the competent government authorizations may order corrections within a time limit, confiscate the illegal gains (if any), impose a fine and if the circumstances are serious, the website shall be ordered to close. As of the date of this prospectus, Gongwuyuan has not been penalized nor inspected by relevant governmental authorities in connection with the abovementioned late acquisition of the ICP License. While under the Law of the PRC on Administrative Penalties, where an unlawful act is not discovered within two years of its commission, an administrative penalty shall not be imposed, the law further provides that in cases where citizens’ life and health security or financial security is involved and harmful consequences are caused, the above-mentioned two-year period shall be extended to five years. Therefore it remains uncertain whether the relevant governmental authority would initiate investigations on the late obtaining of ICP license by Gongwuyuan or impose penalties on this regard in the future, if so, our ability to conduct our business and our financial conditions could be adversely affected.

In addition, Gongwuyuan started to provide human resources services from April 2020 without completion of relevant filings with the competent administrative authority for human resources, which was completed by Gongwuyuan in January 2021 by obtaining a filing certificate. Under applicable PRC laws and regulations, Gongwuyuan could be ordered by the competent authorities to make corrections, impose fines and other penalties for failure to compete the filing procedures in relation to its human resources services in a timely manner.

Table of Contents

Further, as of the date of this prospectus, some subsidiaries of Gongwuyuan have not reported in writing to the local administrative authority for human resources for establishing branches that engaged in human resources services, and have not completed the reporting and filing procedures for establishing branches that engaged in labor dispatching services. Under the PRC Laws, for failure to complete the reporting or filing procedures for establishing branches that engaged in human resources services or labor dispatching services, the relevant subsidiaries may be ordered by the competent authorities to make corrections, confiscate illegal income, impose fines, be closed or other penalties under the PRC laws. For any entity engages in employment agency activities without permission, such entity may be ordered by the competent authorities to make corrections, confiscate illegal income, impose fines or be closed; for any entity engaging in human resources service but failed to complete the filing procedures, it may be ordered to rectify and a fine would be imposed if the rectification is not made within the time limit. As of the date of this prospectus, none of Gongwuyuan’s subsidiaries have been subject to penalties or investigations in connection with failure to obtain the abovementioned licenses or permits or complete the foregoing reporting or filing procedures. However, there is no assurance that the subsidiaries will not receive penalties or be subject to investigation in this connection in the future. Any penalty or investigation imposed by relevant governmental authority on such subsidiaries due to the aforementioned matter in the future could have a material adverse effect on our ability to conduct our business and our financial conditions. Further, if any of our PRC subsidiary, the VIE or its subsidiaries fails to obtain or renew any license, permit, authorization, approval or certificate related to its business operation, it could be subject to penalties or investigations from the relevant government authorities, which would materially and adversely affect our business operation and financial conditions.

Failure by the VIE or its subsidiaries to comply with tax laws or regulations, or lose their favorable tax treatments could subject us supplemental tax payment, higher tax liabilities or even penalties.

Companies established in the PRC are subject to various tax liabilities, procedures and other requirements. In particular, PRC companies are required to complete tax registration after their incorporation and make tax declaration regularly or otherwise as stipulated by relevant laws and regulations. Some of the PRC operating companies failed to complete tax registration and tax declaration on time. According to Law of the PRC on the Administration of Tax Collection, each of the PRC operating entities that failed to complete tax registration and tax declaration may be ordered by the tax authorities to make corrections within a time limit and imposed a fine up to RMB10,000. If the VIE or its subsidiaries fail to comply with relevant tax laws or regulations, they may be subject to supplemental tax payment, late pay fees, fines or other penalties.

Moreover, some of the PRC operating companies enjoy preferential tax treatment under PRC tax laws and regulations. For example, the VIE’s subsidiaries Jiangxi Gongwuyuan Talent Service Co., Ltd and Huizhong Human Resources Co., Ltd (collectively, the “Jiangxi Companies”) enjoy the preferential policy of value-added tax. While Jiangxi Companies signed business contracts and gain incomes, services under the business contracts were actually provided by employees of other PRC operating companies for Jiangxi Company’s customers without entering into written contracts between Jiangxi Companies and other PRC operating companies. If the abovementioned arrangement is considered to enjoy tax benefits through transfer pricing by the PRC operating companies, the competent PRC government authority may make tax adjustments and ask for additional tax payment. Besides, if the PRC operating companies were to lose the benefit of the favorable tax treatment they currently enjoy in the future, we could see significant increases in the amount of taxes we pay, hence our operating results could be materially harmed, even in the absence of a decrease in our operations.

The Change, application and interpretation of laws and regulations with respect to online platform business operation applicable to our PRC operating entities and PRC subsidiaries could adversely affect us.

The VIE’s online recruitment and crowdsourcing application may be deemed an online platform. As such, the PRC operating entities may be subject to various internet-related laws and regulations. These internet-related laws and regulations are under continuous improvement, and the Chinese regulatory authorities may also introduce other regulations in the future. Violations of laws and regulations may result in fines or other significant legal liabilities.

For example, On February 7, 2021, the State Administration for Market Regulation, or the SAMR, promulgated Guidelines to Anti-Monopoly in the Field of Platform Economy, or the Anti-Monopoly Guidelines for Platform Economy. The Anti-Monopoly Guidelines for Platform Economy provides operational standards and guidelines for identifying certain internet platforms’ abuse of market dominant position which are prohibited to restrict unfair

Table of Contents

competition and safeguard users’ interests, including without limitation, prohibiting personalized pricing using big data and analytics, selling products below cost without reasonable causes, actions or arrangements seen as exclusivity arrangements, using technology means to block competitors’ interface, using bundle services to sell services or products. In addition, internet platforms’ compulsory collection of user data may be viewed as abuse of dominant market position that may have the effect to eliminate or restrict competition. As of the date of this Prospectus, neither we nor the PRC operating entities have been subject to any anti-monopoly investigation, penalty of litigation initiated by regulatory authorities or third parties. Furthermore, we will continue to attach attention to the updates of applicable PRC laws and regulations in relation to antimonopoly.

On August 31, 2018, the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress promulgated the E-commerce Law, which came into effect on January 1, 2019. The E-commerce Law imposes a series of requirements on e-commerce operators including e-commerce platform operators, merchants operating on the platform and the individuals and entities carrying out business online. The governance measures our PRC subsidiary adopted in response to the enhanced regulatory requirements may fail to meet these requirements and may lead to penalties or our loss of merchants to those platforms, or to complaints or claims made against us by customers on our platforms.

In addition, the PRC operating entities may be subject to complex and evolving laws and regulations regarding privacy and data protection. For more details, please see “Risk Factors — Risks Relating to Doing Business In China — The PRC operating entities may be liable for improper collection, use or appropriation of personal information provided by our customers and users.”

The approval of the China Securities Regulatory Commission or other PRC regulatory agencies may be required in connection with this registration under PRC law.

The Regulations on Mergers of Domestic Enterprises by Foreign Investors, or the M&A Rules, purport to require offshore special purpose vehicles that are controlled by PRC companies or individuals and that have been formed for the purpose of seeking a public listing on an overseas stock exchange through acquisitions of PRC domestic companies or assets to obtain CSRC approval prior to publicly listing their securities on an overseas stock exchange. The interpretation and application of the regulations are still subject to change. If CSRC approval is required, it is uncertain how long it will take for us to obtain such approval, and any failure to obtain or a delay in obtaining CSRC approval for this registration may subject us to sanctions imposed by the CSRC and other PRC regulatory agencies.

As advised by our PRC legal counsel, based on its understanding of the PRC Laws and our corporate structure up to the date of this prospectus, it is of the opinion that we are not required to apply for the CSRC approval prescribed under the M&A Rules in connection with our offering. However, there may still be changes as to how the M&A Rules will be interpreted or implemented, and the opinions summarized above will be subject to any new PRC laws, rules and regulations or detailed implementations and interpretations in any form relating to an overseas listing of SPVs like the Company. We cannot assure you that relevant PRC government agencies, including the CSRC, would reach the same conclusion as our PRC legal counsel does. If it is determined that CSRC approval under the M&A Rules is required, or if we inadvertently conclude that such approval is not required when it is, we may face sanctions by the CSRC or other PRC regulatory agencies for failure to obtain or delay in obtaining CSRC approval for the sale of securities. These sanctions may include fines and penalties on our operations in China, limitations on our operating privileges in China, delays in or restrictions on the repatriation of the proceeds from this offering into the PRC, restrictions on or prohibition of the payments or remittance of dividends by our subsidiaries in China, or other actions that could have a material and adverse effect on our business financial condition, results of operations, reputation and prospects, as well as the trading price of our securities.

In addition, on February 17, 2023, the CSRC issued the New Administrative Rules Regarding Overseas Listings, which came into force on March 31, 2023. According to the New Administrative Rules Regarding Overseas Listings, among other things, a domestic company in the PRC that seeks to offer and list securities on overseas markets shall fulfill the filing procedures with the CSRC as per requirement of the Trial Administrative Measures. Where a domestic company seeks to directly offer and list securities on overseas markets, the issuer shall file with the CSRC. Where a domestic company seeks to indirectly offer and list securities on overseas markets, the issuer shall designate a major domestic operating entity, which shall, as the domestic responsible entity, file with the CSRC. Initial public offerings or listings on overseas markets shall be filed with the CSRC within 3 working days after the relevant application is submitted overseas. The required filing materials with the CSRC include (without limitation): (i) record-filing reports and related undertakings; (ii) compliance certificates, filing or approval documents from the primary regulators of

Table of Contents

applicants’ businesses (if applicable); (iii) security assessment opinions issued by related departments (if applicable); (iv) PRC legal opinions issued by domestic law firms (with related undertakings); and (v) prospectus or listing documents. Pursuant to the New Administrative Rules Regarding Overseas Listings, we have to file with the CSRC with respect to this offering, and the CSRC will conclude the filing procedures and publish the filing results on the CSRC website within 20 working days after receiving the filing documents, if the filing documents are complete and in compliance with stipulated requirements. However, during the filing process, the CSRC may request the Company to supply additional documents or may consult with competent authorities, the time for which will not be counted in the 20 working days. We are required to complete the filing procedures before the closing of this offering, pursuant to the New Administrative Rules Regarding Overseas Listings. Any material delay in our ability to fully comply with new regulatory requirements may significantly limit or completely hinder our ability to offer or continue to offer our Ordinary Shares, cause significant disruption to our business operations, and severely damage our reputation, which would materially and adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations and cause our Ordinary Shares to significantly decline in value or become worthless.

Furthermore, on July 6, 2021, the General Office of the Communist Party of China Central Committee and the General Office of the State Council jointly promulgated the Opinions on Strictly Cracking Down on Illegal Securities Activities in Accordance with the Law, pursuant to which PRC regulators are required to accelerate rulemaking related to overseas issuance and listing of securities, and improvement to the laws and regulations related to data security, cross-border data flow, and management of confidential information. Numerous regulations, guidelines and other measures have been or are expected to be adopted under the umbrella of or in addition to the Cybersecurity Law and Data Security Law, including (i) the Measures for the Security Assessment of Outbound Data Transfers, or the Measures published by the Cyberspace Administration of China, or CAC, in July 2022, which requires security review before transferring personal information or important date out of China, and (ii) Measures for Cybersecurity Review (2021) which provides that, among others, an application for cyber security review shall be made by an issuer who is a critical information infrastructure operator or a data processing operator as defined therein before such issuer’s listing in a foreign country if the issuer possesses personal information of more than one million users, and that the relevant governmental authorities in the PRC may initiate cybersecurity review if such governmental authorities determine an operator’s cyber products or services, data processing or potential listing in a foreign country affect or may affect national security. As there are still uncertainties regarding the interpretation and implementation of such regulatory guidance, we cannot assure you that we will be able to comply with new regulatory requirements relating to our future overseas capital raising activities and our PRC subsidiary may become subject to more stringent requirements with respect to matters including data privacy, and cross-border investigation and enforcement of legal claims.

Notwithstanding the foregoing, as of the date of this registration statement, except as disclosed in the “Risk Factors” section, “Risks Relating to Doing Business In China — We are subject to PRC laws or regulations that govern our industry; — The approval of the China Securities Regulatory Commission or other PRC regulatory agencies may be required in connection with this registration under PRC law,” there are no PRC laws and regulations in force explicitly requiring that we or the VIE obtain any permission from PRC authorities to issue securities to foreign investors, and we have not received any inquiry, notice, warning, sanction or any regulatory objection to this registration from the CSRC, the CAC or any other PRC authorities that have jurisdiction over our operations. Our PRC legal counsel has advised us that, based on the above and its understanding of the current PRC laws and regulations, as of the date of this registration statement, we are not required to submit an application to the CAC for the approval of this offering. However, our PRC legal counsel has further advised us that the enactment, interpretation and implementation of regulatory requirements related to overseas securities registration and other capital markets activities are still subject to change. If it is determined in the future that the CAC or other approval were required for this offering, our PRC subsidiary may face sanctions by the CAC or other PRC regulatory agencies. These regulatory agencies may impose fines and penalties on our operations in China, limit our ability to pay dividends outside of China, limit our operations in China, delay or restrict the repatriation of the proceeds from this registration into China or take other actions that could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects, as well as the trading price of the Stocks. The CAC or other PRC regulatory agencies also may take actions requiring us, or making it advisable for us, to halt this registration before settlement and delivery of the Stocks. Consequently, if you engage in market trading or other activities in anticipation of and prior to settlement and delivery, you do so at the risk that settlement and delivery may not occur. In addition, if the CAC or other regulatory agencies later promulgate new rules requiring that our PRC subsidiary obtaining their approvals for this registration, we may be unable to obtain a waiver of such

Table of Contents

approval requirements, if and when procedures are established to obtain such a waiver. Any uncertainties and/or negative publicity regarding such an approval requirement could have a material adverse effect on our business and operating results.

As of the date of this prospectus, we or the PRC operating entities have not received any inquiry, notice, warning, sanctions or regulatory objection to this offering from the CSRC or any other PRC governmental authorities.

PRC regulations relating to the establishment of offshore special purpose companies by PRC residents may subject our PRC resident beneficial owners or our PRC subsidiary to liability or penalties, limit our ability to inject capital into our PRC subsidiary, limit our PRC subsidiary’s ability to increase their registered capital or distribute profits to us, or may otherwise adversely affect us.

The Circular on Relevant Issues Relating to Domestic Resident’s Investment and Financing and Roundtrip Investment through Special Purpose Vehicles or SAFE Circular 37 was promulgated by the SAFE in July 2014 that requires PRC residents or entities to register with SAFE or its local branch, currently with local bank according to Notice of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange on Further Simplifying and Improving Policies for the Foreign Exchange Administration of Direct Investment issued by SAFE on February 13, 2015, in connection with their establishment or control of an offshore entity established for the purpose of overseas investment or financing. In addition, any PRC resident who is a direct or indirect shareholder of an offshore company is required to update the previously filed registration with the local branch of the SAFE, with respect to that offshore company, to reflect any material change involving its round-trip investment, capital variation, such as an increase or decrease in capital, transfer or swap of shares, merger or division. These regulations apply to our shareholders who are PRC residents and may apply to any offshore acquisitions that we make in the future.

We have requested PRC residents holding direct or indirect interest in us to make the necessary applications, filings and amendments as required by applicable foreign exchange regulations. We are committed to complying with and to ensuring that our shareholders known to us who are subject to such regulations will comply with the relevant SAFE rules and regulations. Under the regulations of the PRC authorities, such registration might not be always practically available in all circumstances as prescribed in those regulations. In addition, we may not always be able to compel shareholder to comply with SAFE Circular 37 or other related regulations. We cannot assure you that the SAFE or its local branches will release explicit requirements or interpret the relevant PRC Laws otherwise. Failure by any such shareholders to comply with SAFE Circular 37 may result in restrictions on the foreign exchange activities of the relevant PRC enterprise and may also subject the relevant PRC resident to penalties under the PRC foreign exchange administration regulations. To the best of our knowledge, as of the date of this prospectus, our shareholders who are being subject to SAFE regulations have completed all necessary registrations required by the SAFE Circular 37.

If we are classified as a PRC resident enterprise for PRC income tax purposes, such classification could result in unfavorable tax consequences to us and our non-PRC shareholders.

Under the PRC Enterprise Income Tax Law and its implementation rules, an enterprise established outside of the PRC with its “de facto management body” within the PRC is considered a “resident enterprise” and will be subject to PRC enterprise income tax on its global income at the rate of 25%. The implementation rules define the term “de facto management body” as the body that exercises full and substantial control and overall management over the business, productions, personnel, accounts and properties of an enterprise. In 2009, the State Administration of Taxation issued a circular, SAT Circular 82, which provides certain specific criteria for determining whether the “de facto management body” of a PRC-controlled enterprise that is incorporated offshore is located in China. One of the criteria is that a company’s major assets, accounting books and minutes and files of its board and shareholders’ meetings are located or kept in the PRC. In addition, the State Administration of Taxation issued a bulletin on 3 August 2011, effective from September 1, 2011 and amended in June, 2018, providing more guidance on the implementation of the SAT Circular 82. This bulletin clarifies matters including residence status determination, post-determination administration and competent tax authorities. Although both the SAT Circular 82 and the bulletin only apply to offshore enterprises controlled by PRC enterprises or PRC enterprise groups, not those controlled by PRC individuals or foreigners, the criteria set forth in the circular may reflect the State Administration of Taxation’s general position on how the “de facto management body” text should be applied in determining the tax resident status of all offshore enterprises.

Table of Contents

We believe none of our entities outside of China is a PRC resident enterprise for PRC tax purposes. However, the tax resident status of an enterprise is subject to determination by the PRC tax authorities and the interpretation of the term “de facto management body” is still subject to further clarification. As substantially all of our management members are based in China, it remains unclear how the tax residency rule will apply to our case. If the PRC tax authorities determine that our Company or any of our subsidiaries outside of China is a PRC resident enterprise for PRC enterprise income tax purposes, then our Company or such subsidiary could be subject to PRC tax at a rate of 25% on its world-wide income, which could materially reduce our net income. In addition, we will also be subject to PRC enterprise income tax reporting obligations. Furthermore, if the PRC tax authorities determine that we are a PRC resident enterprise for enterprise income tax purposes, gains realized on the sale or other disposition of our shares may be subject to PRC tax, at a rate of 10% in the case of non-PRC enterprises or 20% in the case of non-PRC individuals (in each case, subject to the provisions of any applicable tax treaty), if such gains are deemed to be from PRC sources. It is unclear whether non-PRC shareholders of our Company would be able to claim the benefits of any tax treaties between their country of tax residence and the PRC in the event that we are treated as a PRC resident enterprise. Any such tax may reduce the returns on your investment in our Shares.

It may be difficult to effect service of process upon our Directors or officers named in this prospectus or enforce foreign court judgements against us or them.

We are a company incorporated under the laws of the Cayman Islands, and we conduct substantially of our operations in China and substantially all of our assets are situated in mainland China. In addition, most of our Directors and officers named in this prospectus reside in, and most of their respective assets are located in, mainland China. As a result, it may be difficult for you to obtain relevant legal process services within China. It may also be difficult for you to enforce in U.S. courts judgments obtained against us and our officers and directors the civil liabilities predicated upon the federal securities laws of the U.S.

In addition, there is uncertainty as to whether the courts of the Cayman Islands or the PRC, respectively, would recognize or enforce judgments of U.S. courts against us or such persons predicated upon the civil liability provisions of the securities laws of the United States or any state. In addition, it is uncertain whether such Cayman Islands or PRC courts would entertain original actions brought in the courts of the Cayman Islands or the PRC against us or such persons predicated upon the securities laws of the United States or any state.

In accordance with the requirements of the recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments are provided for under the PRC Civil Procedures Law, although PRC courts may recognize and enforce foreign judgments based either on treaties between China and the country where the judgment is made or on principles of reciprocity between jurisdictions, there is no treaty or other form of reciprocal arrangement between China and the United States that provide for the reciprocal recognition and enforcement of foreign judgements. In addition, according to the PRC Civil Procedures Law, the PRC courts will not enforce a foreign judgements against us or our directors and officers if they decide that the judgment violates the basic principles of PRC laws or national sovereignty, security or public interest of the PRC. As a result, it is uncertain whether and how a PRC court would enforce a judgment rendered by a court in the U.S. or the Cayman Islands.

Failure to comply with relevant regulation regarding VIE’s leased premises may cause interruptions to VIE’s business operations.

As of the date of this prospectus, some of the lessors of properties leased by the VIE and its subsidiaries failed to provide the relevant building ownership certificates or construction project planning permit, as a result of which, there may be risks that this lease may be held invalid, and therefore the VIE or its subsidiaries may not be able to continue to occupy and use such property. The VIE or its subsidiaries may be forced to relocate. We cannot assure you that the VIE or its subsidiaries will be able to find suitable replacement site on terms acceptable to it on a timely basis.

The construction plan for one of VIE’s leased property is inconsistent with the project planning permit, and there may be risks that the lessors would punished by the relevant authorities due to inconsistency, and therefore the VIE may not be able to continue to occupy and use such property. The VIE may be forced to relocate. We cannot assure you that the VIE will be able to find a suitable replacement sites on terms acceptable to it on a timely basis.

In addition, some leased properties have not been registered with the relevant PRC governmental authorities as required by the relevant laws of the PRC. The failure to register leasehold interests will not affect the validity and enforceability of the lease agreement under the laws of the PRC and a maximum penalty of RMB10,000 may be imposed for non-registration of each leased property.

Table of Contents

Risks Relating to the Offering

A recent joint statement by the SEC and the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), or the “PCAOB,” proposed rule changes submitted by Nasdaq, and an act passed by the U.S. Senate all call for additional and more stringent criteria to be applied to emerging market companies upon assessing the qualification of their auditors, especially the non-U.S. auditors who are not inspected by the PCAOB. These developments could add uncertainties to our listing on Nasdaq in the future.

On April 21, 2020, the SEC and PCAOB released a joint statement highlighting the risks associated with investing in companies based in or having substantial operations in emerging markets including China. The joint statement emphasized the risks associated with lack of access for the PCAOB to inspect auditors and audit work papers in China and higher risks of fraud in emerging markets.

On May 18, 2020, Nasdaq filed three proposals with the SEC to (i) apply a minimum offering size requirement for companies primarily operating in a “Restrictive Market,” (ii) adopt a new requirement relating to the qualification of management or the board of directors for Restrictive Market companies, and (iii) apply additional and more stringent criteria to an applicant or listed company based on the qualifications of the company’s auditor.

On May 20, 2020, the U.S. Senate passed the Holding Foreign Companies Accountability Act, as amended by the Consolidated Appropriation Action, 2013 (“HFCA Act”) requiring a foreign company to certify it is not owned or manipulated by a foreign government if the PCAOB is unable to audit specified reports because the company uses a foreign auditor not subject to PCAOB inspection. If the PCAOB is unable to inspect the company’s auditor for two (2) consecutive “non-inspection” years, the issuer’s securities are prohibited to trade on an U.S. national securities exchange.

On December 29, 2022, the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2023, was signed into law, which amended the HFCA Act (i) to reduce the number of consecutive years that would trigger delisting from three years to two years, and (ii) so that any foreign jurisdiction could be the reason why the PCAOB does not to have complete access to inspect or investigate a company’s auditors. As it was originally enacted, the HFCA Act applied only if the PCAOB’s inability to inspect or investigate because of a position taken by an authority in the foreign jurisdiction where the relevant public accounting firm is located. As a result of the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2023, the HFCA Act now also applies if the PCAOB’s inability to inspect or investigate the relevant accounting firm is due to a position taken by an authority in any foreign jurisdiction. The denying jurisdiction does not need to be where the accounting firm is located.

On March 24, 2021, the SEC announced that it adopted interim final amendments to implement congressionally mandated submission and disclosure requirements of the HFCA Act. Under the new requirements, certain companies must establish that they are not owned or controlled by a foreign government entity and disclose any foreign government influence. These interim final amendments will apply to registrants that (i) the SEC identifies as having filed an annual report on Forms 10-K, 20-F, 40-F, or N-CSR with an audit report issued by a registered public accounting firm that is located in a foreign jurisdiction where (ii) the PCAOB has determined that it is unable to inspect or investigate completely because of a position taken by an authority in that foreign jurisdiction. The interim final amendments define such registrants as “Commission-Identified Issuers” (CIIs). The interim final amendments will also apply to “Commission-Identified Foreign Issuers” (CIFIs), a subset of CIIs who are foreign issuers (as defined under the Exchange Act). CIFIs are subject to additional disclosure requirements under the HFCA Act. The SEC will implement a process to identify which registrants and is assessing how to implement other requirements of the HFCA Act, including the listing and trading prohibition requirements described above.

On June 4, 2020, the U.S. President issued a memorandum ordering the President’s working group on financial markets to submit a report to the President within 60 days of the date of the memorandum that should include recommendations for actions that can be taken by the executive branch and by the SEC or PCAOB to enforce U.S. regulatory requirements on Chinese companies listed on a U.S. national securities exchange and their audit firms. However, it remains unclear what further actions, if any, the U.S. executive branch, the SEC, and PCAOB will take to address the problem. The lack of access to the PCAOB inspection in China prevents the PCAOB from fully evaluating audits and quality control procedures of the auditors based in China. As a result, investors may be deprived of the benefits of such PCAOB inspections. The inability of the PCAOB to conduct inspections of auditors in China makes it more difficult to evaluate the effectiveness of these accounting firm’s audit procedures or quality control procedures as compared to auditors

Table of Contents

outside of China that are subject to the PCAOB inspections, which could cause investors and potential investors in our Ordinary Shares to lose confidence in our audit procedures and reported financial information and the quality of our financial statements.

On August 26, 2022, the PCAOB signed a Statement of Protocol with the China Securities Regulatory Commission, or the CSRC, and the Ministry of Finance of the PRC, taking the first step toward opening access for the PCAOB to inspect and investigate registered public accounting firms headquartered in mainland China and Hong Kong. On December 15, 2022, the PCAOB announced that it “was able to secure complete access to inspect and investigate audit firms in the People’s Republic of China (PRC) for the first time in history, in 2022. Therefore, on December 15, 2022, the PCAOB Board voted to vacate previous determinations to the contrary.” Notwithstanding the foregoing, uncertainties exist with respect to the implementation of these provisions and there is no assurance that the PCAOB will be able to execute, in a timely manner, its future inspections and investigations in a manner that satisfies the Statement of Protocol.

Our former auditor, Friedman LLP, was an independent registered public accounting firm with the PCAOB, and as an auditor of publicly traded companies in the U.S., was subject to laws in the U.S. pursuant to which the PCAOB conducts regular inspections to assess its compliance with the applicable professional standards. Friedman LLP had been inspected by the PCAOB on a regular basis, with the last inspection in October 2020. Friedman LLP was merged with Marcum LLP on September 1, 2022 and filed its application to withdraw the PCAOB registration on December 30, 2022. On February 21, 2023, the Company engaged Kreit & Chiu CPA LLP (“Kreit & Chiu”) as its independent registered public accounting firm for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022. Our current auditors, Kreit & Chiu, is located at New York, New York, and has been inspected by the PCAOB The Company will not engage any independent public accounting firm headquartered in mainland China or Hong Kong or not subject to the PCAOB’s inspections. However, the above recent developments have added uncertainties to our continued listing on Nasdaq in the future, to which Nasdaq may apply additional and more stringent criteria after considering the effectiveness of our auditor’s audit and quality control procedures, adequacy of personnel and training, sufficiency of resources, geographic reach, and experience as related to our audit.

We cannot assure you that we will not be identified by the SEC as an issuer whose audit report is prepared by auditors that the PCAOB is unable to inspect or investigate. We cannot assure you that, once we have a “non-inspection” year, we will be able to take remedial measures in a timely manner.

As a result of the foregoing legislative and regulatory developments in the United States, and we cannot assure you that we will always be able to maintain the listing of our Ordinary Shares on a national stock exchange in the U.S., such as the Nasdaq Stock Market, or that you will always be allowed to trade our Ordinary Shares.

Recent statements by the SEC on the PRC’s guidance and restrictions on China-based companies seeking to raise capital in the United States may raise scrutiny as to our operations and SEC disclosures.

In light of the PRC providing new guidance to and enhanced supervision on China-based companies raising capital offshore, including cybersecurity reviews, the Chairman of the SEC has requested his staff to review disclosures from offshore issuers associated with China-based operating companies in connection with the filing of registration statements in the United States. In particular the SEC Chairman was concerned about an investor’s understanding of a VIE contract structure. We currently conduct our business in China utilizing a VIE contract structure, and, as a result, the SEC may raise scrutiny as to our operations and as to the adequacy of our disclosure as to the risks of our operating our business in this legal structure.

You must rely on the judgment of our management as to the use of the net proceeds from this offering, and such use may not produce income or increase our share price.

We anticipate that we will use the net proceeds from this offering for working capital and other corporate purposes and business opportunities that complement or enhance our existing operations. See “Use of Proceeds.” However, our management will have significant discretion as to the use of the net proceeds to us from this offering and could spend the net proceeds of this offering for corporate purposes or in ways that do not improve our results of operations or maintain profitability or increase the market price of our Ordinary Shares. You will not have the opportunity, as part of your investment decision, to assess whether proceeds are being used appropriately.

Table of Contents

There has been no prior public market for our Ordinary Shares and the liquidity and market price of our Ordinary Shares may be volatile.

Prior to completion of this offering, there has been no public market for our Ordinary Shares. There can be no guarantee that an active trading market for our Ordinary Shares will develop or be sustained after completion of this offering. The initial public offer price per ordinary share is the result of negotiations among us and the underwriters, which may not be indicative of the price at which our Ordinary Shares will be traded following completion of this offering. The market price of our Ordinary Shares may trade below the initial offering price at any time after completion of this offering.

Our Ordinary Share price may change significantly following the initial public offering regardless of our operating performance, and you may not be able to resell your Ordinary Shares at or above the initial public offering price.

The market price of our Ordinary Shares may be highly volatile and may fluctuate or decline substantially as a result of a variety of factors, many of which are beyond our control, including:

• the performance and fluctuation of the market prices of other companies with business operations located mainly in China that have listed their securities in the United States;

• results of operations that vary from the expectations of securities analysts and investors;

• results of operations that vary from our competitors;

• changes in expectations as to our future financial performance, including financial estimates and investment recommendations by securities analysts and investors;

• declines in the market prices of stocks generally;

• strategic actions by Gongwuyuan or its competitors;

• announcements by Gongwuyuan or its competitors of significant contracts, acquisitions, joint ventures, other strategic relationships or capital commitments;

• changes in general economic or market conditions or trends in Gongwuyuan’s industry or markets;

• changes in business or regulatory conditions, including new laws or regulations or new interpretations of existing laws or regulations applicable to Gongwuyuan’s business;

• additional shares of Baiya securities being sold or issued into the market by Baiya or any of the existing stockholders or the anticipation of such sales, including if existing stockholders sell ordinary shares into the market when applicable “lock-up” periods end;

• investor perceptions of the investment opportunity associated with our Ordinary Shares relative to other investment alternatives;

• the public’s response to press releases or other public announcements by us or third parties, including our filings with the SEC;

• litigation involving Baiya, Gongwuyuan’s industry, or both, or investigations by regulators into Gongwuyuan’s operations or those of Gongwuyuan’s competitors;

• guidance, if any, that we provide to the public, any changes in this guidance or our failure to meet this guidance;

• the development and sustainability of an active trading market for our Ordinary Shares;

• actions by institutional or activist stockholders;

• developments in new legislation and pending lawsuits or regulatory actions, including interim or final rulings by judicial or regulatory bodies;

Table of Contents

• changes in accounting standards, policies, guidelines, interpretations or principles; and

• other events or factors, including those resulting from pandemics, natural disasters, war, acts of terrorism or responses to these events.

Furthermore, the stock market has experienced extreme volatility that in some cases has been unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of particular companies. These and other factors may cause the market price and demand for our Ordinary Shares to fluctuate substantially, which may limit or prevent investors from readily selling their shares and may otherwise negatively affect the liquidity of our Ordinary Shares. In addition, in the past, when the market price of a stock has been volatile, holders of that stock have sometimes instituted securities class action litigation against the company that issued the stock. If any of our shareholders were to bring a lawsuit against us, we could incur substantial costs defending the lawsuit. Such a lawsuit could also divert the time and attention of our management from our business.

Because we are a foreign private issuer and are exempt from certain Nasdaq corporate governance standards applicable to U.S. issuers, you will have less protection than you would have if we were a domestic issuer.

Nasdaq Listing Rules require listed companies to have, among other things, a majority of its board members be independent. As a foreign private issuer, however, we are permitted to, and we may follow home country practice in lieu of the above requirements, or we may choose to comply with the above requirement within one year of listing. The corporate governance practice in our home country, the Cayman Islands, does not require a majority of our board to consist of independent directors. Thus, although a director must act in the best interests of the Company, it is possible that fewer board members will be exercising independent judgment and the level of board oversight on the management of our company may decrease as a result. In addition, the Nasdaq Listing Rules also require U.S. domestic issuers to have a compensation committee, a nominating/corporate governance committee composed entirely of independent directors, and an audit committee with a minimum of three members. We, as a foreign private issuer, are not subject to these requirements. The Nasdaq Listing Rules may require shareholder approval for certain corporate matters, such as requiring that shareholders be given the opportunity to vote on all equity compensation plans and material revisions to those plans, certain ordinary share issuances. We intend to comply with the requirements of Nasdaq Listing Rules in determining whether shareholder approval is required on such matters and to appoint a nominating and corporate governance committee. However, we may consider following home country practice in lieu of the requirements under Nasdaq Listing Rules with respect to certain corporate governance standards which may afford less protection to investors.

Nasdaq may apply additional and more stringent criteria for our initial and continued listing because we plan to have a small public offering and insiders will hold a large portion of the company’s listed securities.

Nasdaq Listing Rule 5101 provides Nasdaq with broad discretionary authority over the initial and continued listing of securities on Nasdaq and Nasdaq may use such discretion to deny initial listing, apply additional or more stringent criteria for the initial or continued listing of particular securities, or suspend or delist particular securities based on any event, condition, or circumstance that exists or occurs that makes initial or continued listing of the securities on Nasdaq inadvisable or unwarranted in the opinion of Nasdaq, even though the securities meet all enumerated criteria for initial or continued listing on Nasdaq. In addition, Nasdaq has used its discretion to deny initial or continued listing or to apply additional and more stringent criteria in the instances, including but not limited to: (i) where the company engaged an auditor that has not been subject to an inspection by the PCAOB, an auditor that PCAOB cannot inspect, or an auditor that has not demonstrated sufficient resources, geographic reach, or experience to adequately perform the company’s audit; (ii) where the company planned a small public offering, which would result in insiders holding a large portion of the company’s listed securities. Nasdaq was concerned that the offering size was insufficient to establish the company’s initial valuation, and there would not be sufficient liquidity to support a public market for the company; and (iii) where the company did not demonstrate sufficient nexus to the U.S. capital market, including having no U.S. shareholders, operations, or members of the board of directors or management. Our public offering will be relatively small and the insiders of our Company will hold a large portion of the company’s listed securities. Nasdaq might apply the additional and more stringent criteria for our initial and continued listing, which might cause delay or even denial of our listing application.

Table of Contents

If we do not continue to satisfy the Nasdaq continued listing requirements, our Ordinary Shares could be delisted.

The listing of our Ordinary Shares on Nasdaq Capital Market is contingent on our compliance with Nasdaq’s conditions for continued listing. In the future, should we fail to meet Nasdaq’s listing rules, we may be subject to delisting. In the event our Ordinary Shares are no longer listed for trading on Nasdaq, our trading volume and share price may decrease and we may experience difficulties in raising capital which could materially affect our operations and financial results. Further, delisting from Nasdaq could also have other negative effects, including potential loss of confidence by partners, lenders, suppliers and employees. Finally, delisting could make it harder for us to raise capital and sell securities.

We may lose our foreign private issuer status in the future, which could result in significant additional costs and expenses.

In order for us to maintain our current status as a foreign private issuer, a majority of our Shares must be either directly or indirectly owned by non-residents of the United States, unless we also satisfy all of the additional requirements necessary to preserve this status including (i) a majority of our board of directors and management are located outside the United States; (ii) more than 50 percent of our assets are located outside the United States; and (iii) our business is administered principally outside of the United States. We may in the future lose our foreign private issuer status if a majority of our Shares is held in the United States and we fail to meet the additional requirements necessary to avoid loss of foreign private issuer status. The regulatory and compliance costs under U.S. federal securities laws as a U.S. domestic issuer may be significantly more than the costs incurred as a foreign private issuer. If we are no longer deemed to be a foreign private issuer, we will be required to file periodic and current reports and registration statements on U.S. domestic issuer forms with the SEC, which are more detailed and extensive than the forms available to a foreign private issuer. In addition, we may lose the ability to rely upon certain exemptions from Nasdaq’s corporate governance requirements that are available to foreign private issuers.

You will incur immediate and substantial dilution and may experience further dilution in the future.

As the initial public offering price of our Ordinary Shares is higher than the net tangible book value per ordinary share immediately prior to this offering, purchasers of our Ordinary Shares in the offering will experience an immediate dilution. If we issue additional Ordinary Shares in the future, purchasers of our Ordinary Shares in the offering may experience further dilution in their shareholding percentage. See “Dilution”.

We are an exempted company with limited liability incorporated under the laws of the Cayman Islands, and you may have different protection of your shareholder rights than you would have under United States law.

Our corporate affairs are governed by our Memorandum and Articles of Association, as amended, the Companies Act (Revised) of the Cayman Islands, which we refer to as the Companies Act below and common law of the Cayman Islands. The rights of shareholders to take legal action against our directors and us, actions by minority shareholders and the fiduciary responsibilities of our directors to us under Cayman Islands law are to a large extent governed by the common law of the Cayman Islands. The common law of the Cayman Islands is derived in part from comparatively limited judicial precedent in the Cayman Islands as well as from English common law, which has persuasive, but not binding, authority on a court in the Cayman Islands. The rights of our shareholders and the fiduciary responsibilities of our directors under Cayman Islands law may not be as clearly established as they would be under statutes or judicial precedents in some jurisdictions in the United States. In particular, the Cayman Islands has a less developed body of securities laws than the United States. Some jurisdictions in the United States, such as Delaware, have more fully developed and judicially interpreted bodies of corporate law than the Cayman Islands. In addition, Cayman Islands companies may not have standing to initiate a shareholder derivative action in a federal court of the United States.

Shareholders of Cayman Islands exempted companies like us have no general rights under Cayman Islands law to inspect corporate records or to obtain copies of lists of shareholders of these companies (other than copies of our Memorandum and Articles of Association, as amended, and register of mortgages and charges). Under Cayman Islands law, the names of our current directors can be obtained from a search conducted at the Registrar of Companies. Our directors have discretion under our Memorandum and Articles of association, as amended, to determine whether or not, and under what conditions, our corporate records may be inspected by our shareholders, but are not obliged to

Table of Contents

make them available to our shareholders. This may make it more difficult for you to obtain the information needed to establish any facts necessary for a shareholder motion or to solicit proxies from other shareholders in connection with a proxy contest. See “Description of Share Capital — Differences in Corporate Law” for more information.

As a company incorporated in the Cayman Islands, we are permitted to adopt certain home country practices in relation to corporate governance matters that differ significantly from the NASDAQ corporate governance requirements; these practices may afford less protection to shareholders than they otherwise would under rules and regulations applicable to United States domestic issuers.

As a result of all of the above, our public shareholders may encounter different issues in protecting their interests through actions against our management, directors or major shareholders compared to shareholders of a corporation incorporated in the United States.

Certain judgments obtained against us by our shareholders may not be enforceable.

We are an exempted company incorporated under the laws of the Cayman Islands. We conduct our operations in China and substantially all of our assets are located in China. In addition, our directors and executive officers, and some of the experts named in this prospectus, reside within China, and most of the assets of these persons are located within China. As a result, it may be difficult or impossible for you to obtain relevant legal process services within China. It may also be difficult for you to enforce in U.S. courts judgments obtained against us and our officers and directors the civil liabilities predicated upon the federal securities laws of the U.S. In addition, there is uncertainty as to whether the courts of the Cayman Islands or the PRC, respectively, would recognize or enforce judgments of U.S. courts against us or such persons predicated upon the civil liability provisions of the securities laws of the United States or any state. Further, it is uncertain whether such Cayman Islands or PRC courts would entertain original actions brought in the courts of the Cayman Islands or the PRC against us or such persons predicated upon the securities laws of the United States or any state, see “Enforceability of Civil Liabilities.”

$500,000 from the proceeds of this offering will be placed in escrow for twelve (12) months from the date of this offering for the purpose of indemnifying the underwriters and may not be used during the twelve (12) months, or potentially at all, for further developing our business.

We have entered into an indemnification escrow agreement, whereby, we have agreed to place $500,000 from the proceeds of this offering into an escrow account in the United States for a period of twelve (12) months following this offering for the purpose of satisfying an initial $500,000 in bona fide indemnity claims of the underwriters. Accordingly, we will not be able to use $500,000 from the proceeds of this offering to develop our business operations for twelve (12) months, or at all, if we are required to indemnify the underwriters, which could adversely impact our earnings and cash flows, thereby having an adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations, and per share trading price of our common shares.

As an exempted company incorporated in the Cayman Islands, we are permitted to adopt certain home country practices in relation to corporate governance matters that differ significantly from Nasdaq’s corporate governance requirements; these practices may afford less protection to shareholders than they would enjoy if we complied fully with Nasdaq’s corporate governance requirements.

As a Cayman Islands company listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market, we are subject to Nasdaq’s corporate governance requirements. However, Nasdaq rules permit a foreign private issuer like us to follow the corporate governance practices of its home country. Certain corporate governance practices in the Cayman Islands, which is our home country, may differ significantly from Nasdaq’s corporate governance requirements. For example, the Companies Act does not require a majority of our directors to be independent and we could include non-independent directors as members of our compensation committee and nominating committee, and our independent directors would not necessarily hold regularly scheduled meetings at which only independent directors are present. Currently, we are evaluating as to whether we intend to rely on home country practice with respect to our corporate governance after we complete this offering. If we choose to follow home country practice in the future, our shareholders may be afforded less protection than they otherwise would under Nasdaq’s corporate governance requirements applicable to U.S. domestic issuers.

Table of Contents

There can be no assurance that we will not be classified as a passive foreign investment company, or PFIC, for U.S. federal income tax purposes for any taxable year, which could subject U.S. investors in our Ordinary Shares to significant adverse U.S. income tax consequences.

We will be a “passive foreign investment company,” or “PFIC,” if, in any particular taxable year, either (a) 75% or more of our gross income for such year consists of certain types of “passive” income or (b) 50% or more of the average quarterly value of our assets (as determined on the basis of fair market value) during such year produce or are held for the production of passive income (the “asset test”). Although the law in this regard is unclear, we intend to treat the VIE (including their subsidiaries) as being owned by us for U.S. federal income tax purposes, not only because we exercise effective control over the operation of such entity but also because we are entitled to substantially all of its economic benefits, and, as a result, we consolidate its results of operations in our consolidated financial statements. Assuming that we are the owner of the VIE (including their subsidiaries) for U.S. federal income tax purposes, and based upon our current and expected income and assets, including goodwill, (taking into account the expected proceeds from this offering) and projections as to the market price of our Ordinary Shares following the offering, we do not presently expect to be a PFIC for the current taxable year or the foreseeable future.

While we do not expect to become a PFIC, the determination of whether we will be or become a PFIC will depend, in part, on the composition of our income and assets, which may be affected by how, and how quickly, we use our liquid assets and the cash raised in this offering. If we determine not to deploy significant amounts of cash for active purposes or if it were determined that we do not own the stock of the VIE for U.S. federal income tax purposes, our risk of being a PFIC may substantially increase. Because there are uncertainties in the application of the relevant rules and PFIC status is a factual determination made annually after the close of each taxable year, there can be no assurance that we will not be a PFIC for the current taxable year or any future taxable year.

If we are a PFIC in any taxable year, a U.S. holder (as defined in “Material Income Tax Consideration — Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations for U.S. Holders”) may incur significantly increased U.S. income tax on gain recognized on the sale or other disposition of the Ordinary Shares and on the receipt of distributions on the Ordinary Shares to the extent such gain or distribution is treated as an “excess distribution” under the U.S. federal income tax rules and such holder may be subject to burdensome reporting requirements. Further, if we are a PFIC for any year during which a U.S. holder holds our Ordinary Shares, we generally will continue to be treated as a PFIC for all succeeding years during which such U.S. holder holds our Ordinary Shares. For more information see “Material Income Tax Consideration — Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations for U.S. Holders — Passive Foreign Investment Company Rules.”

We will incur increased costs and become subject to additional rules and regulations as a result of being a public company.

As a result of this offering, we will become a public company and expect to incur significant accounting, legal and other expenses that we did not incur as a private company. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act, as well as rules subsequently implemented by the SEC and the Nasdaq Stock Market, have detailed requirements concerning corporate governance practices of public companies, including Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act relating to internal controls over financial reporting. We expect these rules and regulations applicable to public companies to increase our accounting, legal and financial compliance costs and to make certain corporate activities more time-consuming and costly. Our management will be required to devote substantial time and attention to our public company reporting obligations and other compliance matters. We are currently evaluating and monitoring developments with respect to these rules and regulations, and we cannot predict or estimate the amount of additional costs we may incur or the timing of such costs. Our reporting and other compliance obligations as a public company may place a strain on our management, operational and financial resources and systems for the foreseeable future.

In the past, shareholders of a public company often brought securities class action suits against the company following periods of instability in the market price of that company’s securities. If we were involved in a class action suit, it could divert a significant amount of our management’s attention and other resources from our business and operations, which could harm our results of operations and require us to incur significant expenses to defend the suit. Any such class action suit, whether or not successful, could harm our reputation and restrict our ability to raise capital in the future. In addition, if a claim is successfully made against us, we may be required to pay significant damages, which could have a material and adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

Table of Contents

There can be no assurance of the accuracy or completeness of certain facts, forecasts and other statistics obtained from various independent third-party sources, including the industry expert reports, contained in this prospectus.

This prospectus, particularly the sections headed “Business” and “Industry,” contains information and statistics relating to the online recruitment crowdsourcing market. Such information and statistics have been derived from a third-party report commissioned by us and publicly available sources. We believe that the sources of the information are appropriate sources for such information, and we have taken reasonable care in extracting and reproducing such information. However, the collection methods of such information may be flawed or ineffective, or there may be discrepancies between published information and market practice, which may result in the statistics included in this prospectus being inaccurate or not comparable to statistics produced for other economies. You should therefore not place undue reliance on such information. In addition, we cannot assure you that such information is stated or compiled on the same basis or with the same degree of accuracy as similar statistics presented elsewhere. You should consider carefully the importance placed on such information or statistics.

You should read the entire prospectus carefully and should not rely on any information contained in press articles or other media regarding us and the offering.

We strongly caution you not to rely on any information contained in press articles or other media regarding us and the offering. Prior to the publication of this prospectus, there has been press and media coverage regarding us and the offering. Such press and media coverage may include references to certain information that does not appear in this prospectus, including certain operating and financial information and projections, valuations and other information. We have not authorized the disclosure of any such information in the press or media and do not accept any responsibility for any such press or media coverage or the accuracy or completeness of any such information or publication. We make no representation as to the appropriateness, accuracy, completeness or reliability of any such information or publication. To the extent that any such information is inconsistent or conflicts with the information contained in this prospectus, we disclaim responsibility for it and you should not rely on such information.

Table of Contents

SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
AND INDUSTRY DATA AND FORECASTS

This prospectus contains forward-looking statements that involve substantial risks and uncertainties. All statements, other than statements of historical fact, contained in this prospectus, including statements regarding our strategy, future financial position, projected costs, prospects, plans and objectives of management, are forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements are contained principally in the sections entitled “Prospectus Summary,” “Business,” “Risk Factors,” and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.” The words “anticipate,” “believe,” “contemplate,” “could,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “seek,” “may,” “might,” “plan,” “potential,” “predict,” “project,” “target,” “aim,” “should,” ‘will” “would,” or the negative of these words or other similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements, although not all forward-looking statements contain these words. Forward-looking statements reflect our current views with respect to future events and are based on assumptions and subject to risks and uncertainties.

The forward-looking statements in this prospectus include, among other things, statements relating to:

• our business strategies and our operating and expansion plans;

• our objectives and expectations regarding our future operations, profitability, liquidity and capital resources;

• future events and developments, trends and conditions in the industry and markets in which we operate or plan to operate;

• our ability to control costs;

• our ability to identify and successfully take advantage of new business development opportunities; and

• our dividend policy.

Such statements reflect the current views of our management with respect to future events, operations, profitability, liquidity and capital resources, some of which may not materialize or may change. Actual results may differ materially from information, implied or expressed, in the forward-looking statements as a result of a number of factors, including, without limitation, the risk factors set out in “Risk Factors” in this prospectus and the following:

• changes in PRC laws, rules and regulations applicable to us;

• general economic, market and business conditions in the PRC, including the sustainability of the economic growth in the PRC;

• changes or volatility in foreign exchange rates or our prices;

• business opportunities and expansion that we may pursue;

• our ability to identify, measure, monitor and control risks in our business, including our ability to improve our overall risk profile and risk management practices; and

• other factors beyond our control.

We may not actually achieve the plans, intentions, or expectations disclosed in our forward-looking statements, and you should not place undue reliance on our forward-looking statements. Actual results or events could differ materially from the plans, intentions, and expectations disclosed in the forward-looking statements we make. We have included important factors in the cautionary statements included in this prospectus, particularly in the “Risk Factor” section, that we believe could cause actual results or events to differ materially from the forward-statements that we make. Furthermore, we operate in a competitive and rapid changing environment. New risks and uncertainties emerge from time to time, and it is not possible for us to predict all risks and uncertainties that could have an impact on the forward-looking statements contained in this prospectus.

Table of Contents

You should read this prospectus and the documents we reference in this prospectus and have filed as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part completely and with the understanding that our actual future results may be materially different from what we expect. The forward-looking statements contained in this prospectus are made as of the date of this prospectus, and we do not assume any obligation to update any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as required by applicable law.

In addition, statements that “we believe” and similar statements reflect our beliefs and opinions on the relevant subject. These statements are based upon information available to us as of the date of this prospectus, and while we believe such information forms a reasonable basis for such statements, such information may be limited or incomplete. Our statements should not be read to indicate that we have conducted an exhaustive inquiry into, or review of, all potentially available relevant information. These statements are inherently uncertain and investors are cautioned not to unduly rely upon these statements.

Industry Data and Forecasts

This prospectus contains certain data and information that we obtained from various government and private publications, including industry data and information from iResearch. Statistical data in these publications also include projections based on a number of assumptions. The recruitment crowdsourcing market in China may not grow at the rate projected by market data, or at all. Failure of this industry to grow at the projected rate may have a material adverse effect on our business and the market price of our Ordinary Shares.

In addition, the new and rapidly changing nature of the recruitment crowdsourcing market results in significant uncertainties for any projections or estimates relating to the growth prospects or future condition of our industry. Furthermore, if any one or more of the assumptions underlying the market data are later found to be incorrect, actual results may differ from the projections based on these assumptions. You should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements.

Table of Contents

USE OF PROCEEDS

We estimate that we will receive net proceeds from this offering of approximately $12.64 million after deducting estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and the estimated offering expenses payable by us and based upon an assumed initial offering price of $5.00 per ordinary share, which is the midpoint of the price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus. These above-referenced net proceeds amounts do not include $500,000 of the offering proceeds to be allotted to the indemnification escrow account to pay for the underwriters’ indemnity.

Each $1.00 increase or decrease in the assumed initial public offering price of $5.00, would increase or decrease the net proceeds to us from this offering by approximately $2.75 million or, in the event the underwriters exercise their full over-allotment option, an increase or decrease of approximately $3.16 million, assuming that the number of shares being Ordinary Shares issued remains the same.

We intend to use the net proceeds of this offering as follows after we complete the remittance process:

• to fund an escrow account in the amount of $500,000, for a period of 12 months following the closing date of this offering, which account shall be used in the event we have to indemnify the underwriters pursuant to the terms of an underwriting agreement with the underwriters;

• to utilize 10% of the remaining offering proceeds to continue development of the Gongwuyuan Platform;

• to utilize 20% of the remaining offering proceeds to support our marketing;

• to utilize 10% of the remaining offering proceeds to fund increased compensation for employees and training enhancements; and

• to utilize 60% of the remaining offering proceeds to provide funding for general corporate purposes. We expect these general corporate purposes to include funding working capital, operating expenses and the selective pursuit of business development opportunities, including to expand our current business through acquisitions of, or investments in, other businesses, products or technologies. At this time, we have not specifically identified a material single use for which we intend to use the net proceeds, and, accordingly, we are not able to allocate the net proceeds among any of these potential uses in light of the variety of factors that will impact how such net proceeds are ultimately utilized by us.

Proceeds of this offering in the amount of $500,000 shall be used to fund an escrow account for a period of twelve (12) months following the closing date of this offering, which account shall be used in the event we have to indemnify the underwriters pursuant to the terms of an Underwriting Agreement with the underwriters. The net proceeds from this offering must be remitted to China before we will be able to use the funds to grow our business. The procedure to remit funds may take several months after completion of this offering, and we will be unable to use the offering proceeds in China until remittance is completed.

The foregoing is based on no order of priority and represents our current intentions based upon our present plans and business conditions to use and allocate the net proceeds of this offering. Our management, however, will have significant flexibility and discretion to apply the net proceeds of this offering. If an unforeseen event occurs or business conditions change, we may use the proceeds of this offering differently than as described in this prospectus. See “Risk Factors — Risks Relating to the Offering — You must rely on the judgment of our management as to the use of the net proceeds from this offering, and such use may not produce income or increase our share price.”

As an offshore holding company, we are permitted under PRC laws and regulations to provide funding to our PRC subsidiary or the VIE through loans or capital contributions, subject to applicable regulatory registrations or approvals. For those proceeds of this offering to be used in China, we will need to convert the proceeds from U.S. Dollars to RMB by way of capital contributions or loans to our PRC subsidiary or the VIE. None of the proceeds of this offering can be loaned or contributed to our PRC subsidiary or the VIE without additional government registration or approval, and if we decide to use the proceeds from this offering within the PRC, we cannot assure you that we will be able to obtain these regulatory registrations or approvals on a timely basis, if at all. See “Risk Factors — Risks Relating to Doing Business in China — PRC regulation of loans to and direct investment in PRC entities by offshore holding companies and governmental management measures of currency conversion may delay us from using the proceeds of this offering to make loans to or make additional capital contributions to our PRC subsidiary and VIE which could affect our liquidity and our ability to fund and expand our business.”

To the extent that the net proceeds we receive from this offering are not immediately used for the above purposes, we intend to invest our net proceeds in short-term, interest-bearing bank deposits or debt instruments.

Table of Contents

DIVIDEND POLICY

We intend to keep any future earnings to finance the expansion of our, and VIE’s business, and we do not anticipate that any cash dividends will be paid in the foreseeable future.

If we do pay a dividend, our board of directors has discretion on whether to distribute dividends. In addition, our shareholders may by ordinary resolution declare a dividend, but no dividend may exceed the amount recommended by our board of directors. In either case, all dividends are subject to certain restrictions under Cayman Islands law, and we may only pay dividends out of profits or share premium, and provided always that in no circumstances may a dividend be paid if this would result in us being unable to pay our debts as they fall due in the ordinary course of business.

If we determine to pay dividends on any of our Shares in the future, as a holding company, we will be dependent on receipt of funds from our Hong Kong subsidiary, Juxing HK.

Current PRC regulations permit our indirect PRC subsidiary to pay dividends to Juxing HK only out of their accumulated profits, if any, determined in accordance with Chinese accounting standards and regulations. In addition, each of our subsidiaries in China is required to set aside at least 10% of its after-tax profits each year, if any, to fund a statutory reserve until such reserve reaches 50% of its registered capital. Each of such entity in China is also required to further set aside a portion of its after-tax profits to fund an optional reserve, although the amount to be set aside, if any, is determined at the discretion of its shareholders. The reserves can be used to increase the registered capital, cover losses made in past years and enhance the company’s productivity and expand its business.

The PRC regulatory authorities have taken a series of measures to regulate the conversion of RMB into foreign currencies and the remittance of currencies out of the PRC. Therefore, we may experience difficulties in completing the administrative procedures necessary to obtain and remit foreign currency for the payment of dividends from our profits, if any. Furthermore, if our subsidiaries and affiliates in the PRC incur debt on their own in the future, the instruments governing the debt may restrict their ability to pay dividends or make other payments. If we or our subsidiaries are unable to receive the revenues from our operations through the current Contractual Arrangements, we may be unable to pay dividends on our Shares.

Cash dividends, if any, on our ordinary shares will be paid in U.S. dollars. If we are considered a PRC tax resident enterprise for tax purposes, any dividends we pay to our overseas shareholders may be regarded as China-sourced income and as a result may be subject to PRC withholding tax at a rate of up to 10.0%. See “Taxation — People’s Republic of China Taxation.”

Pursuant to the Reciprocal Arrangement between Mainland China and the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region for the Avoidance of Double Taxation and Tax Evasion on Income, or the Double Tax Avoidance Arrangement, the 10% withholding tax rate may be lowered to 5% if a Hong Kong resident enterprise owns no less than 25% of a PRC entity. However, the 5% withholding tax rate does not automatically apply and certain requirements must be satisfied, including without limitation that (a) the Hong Kong entity must be the beneficial owner of the relevant dividends; and (b) the Hong Kong entity must directly hold no less than 25% share ownership in the PRC entity during the 12 consecutive months preceding its receipt of the dividends. In current practice, a Hong Kong entity must obtain a tax resident certificate from the Hong Kong tax authority to apply for the 5% lower PRC withholding tax rate. As the Hong Kong tax authority will issue such a tax resident certificate on a case-by-case basis, we cannot assure you that we will be able to obtain the tax resident certificate from the relevant Hong Kong tax authority and enjoy the preferential withholding tax rate of 5% under the Double Taxation Arrangement with respect to dividends to be paid by our PRC subsidiary to its immediate holding company, Juxing HK. As of the date of this prospectus, we have not applied for the tax resident certificate from the relevant Hong Kong tax authority. See “Risk Factors — Risks Relating to Doing Business in China — Circumstances relating to the withholding tax liabilities of our PRC subsidiary may be subject to change under the EIT Law, and dividends payable by our PRC subsidiary to our offshore subsidiaries may not qualify to enjoy certain treaty benefits.”

Table of Contents

CAPITALIZATION

The following table sets forth our capitalization as of June 30, 2023:

• on an actual basis; and

• on an adjusted basis to reflect the sale of 3,000,000 Ordinary Shares in this offering, assumed initial public offering price of $5.00 per share which is the midpoint of the price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, after deducting the underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us and excluding any exercise of the underwriters’ over-allotment option.

	June 30, 2023
	Actual(1)			As adjusted (Unaudited)(1)(2)(3)
Long-term liabilities	$	163,507		163,507
Equity
Preferred Shares – Par value $0.0001, 100,000,000 shares authorized, nil shares issued and outstanding, actual and as adjusted		—		—
Ordinary Shares – Par value $0.0001, 400,000,000 shares authorized, 10,000,000 shares issued and outstanding, actual; 13,000,000 shares issued and outstanding, as adjusted		1,000		1,300
Additional paid-in capital		1,775,941		14,420,249
Subscription receivable		(990	)	(990	)
Statutory reserves		290,860		290,860
Retained earnings		(517,879	)	(517,879	)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss		(180,534	)	(180,534	)
Total shareholders’ equity	$	1,368,398		14,013,006
Total capitalization	$	1,531,905		14,176,513

____________

(1) The capitalization table has been retroactively adjusted to reflect the issuance of an additional 9,900,000 Ordinary Shares, approved by the board of directors of Baiya on December 15, 2022, at $0.0001 par value on a pro rata basis to current shareholders (the “Capital Reorganization”).

(2) Reflects the sale of Ordinary Shares in this offering, after deducting the estimated underwriting discounts, non-accountable expense allowance, and estimated offering expenses payable by us, and furthermore assuming no exercise of the over-allotment option by the underwriter. Additional paid-in capital reflects the net proceeds we expect to receive after deducting the underwriting discounts, non-accountable expense allowance, and estimated offering expenses payable by us. Does not include the $500,000 of the offering proceeds to be used to fund an escrow account to indemnify the underwriters. We estimate that such net proceeds will be approximately $12.64 million.

(3) If the underwriters’ over-allotment option to purchase additional shares from us were to be exercised in full, pro forma (i) issued and outstanding Ordinary Shares would be 13,450,000, (ii) additional paid-in capital would be $16.48 million, (iii) total shareholders’ equity would be $16.07 million, and (iv) total capitalization would be $16.24 million.

The adjusted information discussed above is illustrative only and our capitalization following the completion of this offering will be adjusted based on the actual public offering price and other terms of this offering determined between us and the underwriter at pricing. You should read this capitalization table in conjunction with “Use of Proceeds,” “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and the consolidated financial statements and the related notes appearing elsewhere in this prospectus.

Table of Contents

DILUTION

If you invest in our Ordinary Shares, your interest will be immediately diluted by $3.92 per ordinary share, representing the difference between our net tangible book value per share of $1.08 as of June 30, 2023, after giving effect to this offering and an assumed initial public offering price of $5.00 per share which is the midpoint of the price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus and excluding any exercise of the underwriters’ over-allotment option. Dilution results from the fact that the initial public offering price per ordinary share is substantially in excess of the book value per ordinary share attributable to the existing shareholders for our presently outstanding Ordinary Shares.

Our net tangible book value as of June 30, 2023 was $1.44 million or $0.14 per ordinary share and gives effect to the Capital Reorganization. Net tangible book value represents the amount of our total consolidated tangible assets, less the amount of our total consolidated liabilities. Dilution is determined by subtracting net tangible book value per ordinary share, after giving effect to the proceeds, excluding any exercise of the underwriters’ over-allotment option we will receive from this offering, from the assumed initial public offering price of $5.00 per ordinary share, which is the midpoint of the price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus and after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us.

The following table illustrates such dilution:

Assumed initial public offering price per Ordinary Share			$	5.00
Net tangible book value per Ordinary Share as of June 30, 2023	$	0.14
Increase in per share attributable to this offering	$	0.94
As adjusted net tangible book value per share after this offering			$	1.08
Dilution per share to new investors in the offering			$	3.92

A $1.00 increase (decrease) in the assumed initial public offering price of $5.00 per share, which is the midpoint of the price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, would increase (decrease) the as adjusted net tangible book value per share after this offering by approximately $0.21, and dilution in as adjusted net tangible book value per share to new investors by approximately $0.21, assuming that the number of Ordinary Shares offered by us, as set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, remains the same and after deducting estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us.

If the underwriter exercises its over-allotment option in full, our as adjusted net tangible book value would be $16.15 million, or approximately $1.20 per share, representing an increase in the as adjusted net tangible book value to existing shareholders of approximately $1.06 per share and immediate dilution of approximately $3.80 per share to new investors purchasing shares of our Ordinary Shares in this offering.

The following table summarizes, on a pro forma as adjusted basis as of June 30, 2023, the differences between existing shareholders and the new investors with respect to the number of Ordinary Shares purchased from us in this offering, the total consideration paid and the average price per ordinary share paid before deducting the underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses. The total number of Ordinary Shares does not include Ordinary Shares issuable upon exercise of the over-allotment option granted to the underwriters.

	Shares Purchased		Total Consideration		Average Price Per Share
	Number	%	Amount US$	%	Average Price Per Share
Existing Shareholders	10,000,000	76.92	1,776,941	10.59	$	0.18
New Investors	3,000,000	23.08	15,000,000	89.41	$	5.00
Total	13,000,000	100	16,776,941	100	$	1.29

The table and discussion above are based on 10,000,000 Ordinary Shares outstanding as of June 30, 2023, and gives effect to the Capital Reorganization and after giving effect to the proceeds, excluding any exercise of the underwriters’ over-allotment option we will receive from this offering, from the assumed initial public offering price of $5.00 per ordinary share, which is the midpoint of the price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus and after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us.

In addition, we may choose to raise additional capital in the future. To the extent that capital is raised through equity or convertible securities, the issuance of those securities may result in further dilution to the holders of Ordinary Shares.

Table of Contents

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF
FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our financial statements and the related notes included elsewhere in this prospectus. This discussion contains forward-looking statements reflecting our current expectations that involve risks and uncertainties. See “Special Notes Regarding Forward-Looking Statements and Industry Data and Forecasts” for a discussion of the uncertainties, risks and assumptions associated with these statements. Actual results and the timing of events could differ materially from those discussed in our forward-looking statements as a result of many factors, including those set forth under “Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this prospectus. Unless otherwise indicated, all share amounts and per share amounts in this prospectus have been presented giving effect to the share reorganization on December 15, 2022.

Overview

We, Baiya International Group Inc. (“Baiya”), are an offshore holding company incorporated in the Cayman Islands. As a holding company with no material operations of our own, we conduct all of our operations in China through the Contractual Arrangements with Shenzhen Gongwuyuan Network Technology Co., Ltd. (“Gongwuyuan”) which is a variable interest entity (the “VIE”), and its subsidiaries, or collectively, “PRC operating entities”. Neither we nor our direct and indirect subsidiaries own any equity interests in the PRC operating entities.

Through Gongwuyuan, the VIE, we are building a human resource (“HR”) technology company utilizing our cloud-based internet platform to provide one-stop crowdsourcing recruitment and SaaS-enabled HR solutions in the flexible employment marketplace (the “Gongwuyuan Platform”). Our business currently focuses on four (4) primary services: (i) job matching services; (ii) entrusted recruitment services; (iii) project outsourcing services; and (iv) labor dispatching services in the flexible employment market within China, primarily in the core manufacturing regions including the Pearl River Delta and Yangtze River Delta region. As of this reporting date, our services cover over 5 provinces and 30 cities.

The Gongwuyuan Platform was launched in November 2019 to expand its offline flexible employment matching services. We have been strategically building the Gongwuyuan Platform with innovative product features that work together to provide greater user experience and improve the job matching and HR related services in the flexible employment market place.

We contract with domestic labor service companies to access the blue-collar labor to provide recruitment facilitation services to Customers and Employing Companies. We connect our Customers and Employing Companies with the available blue-collar labor from either the Company or the HR Service Companies. The recruitment facilitation provides the customers a variety of means of human resource solution, which includes direct employment (job matching or entrusted recruitment), outsourcing or labor dispatching. In recruitment facilitation contract, the Company is contractually obliged to facilitate the human resource recruitment and ensure that blue-collar labor works for the Customers and Employing Companies for a designated period of times. The Company is also contractually obliged to help recruit additional blue-collar labor if there is a vacancy caused by the resignation of the blue-collar labor that the Company initially introduced. Under entrusted recruitment, project outsourcing and labor dispatching model, if the blue-collar labor has no working experience in the industry of the Customers or Employing Companies, the Company provides short term occupational training to the blue-collar labor prior to their admittance by the Customers or Employing Companies.

• Job matching service

Under job matching service model, the Company connects the Employing Companies and the HR Service Companies based on the quantity and the duration of the blue-collar labor the Employing Company plans to recruit. Once the contract between the Employing Companies and HR Service Companies were signed, the Company charges the service fee to the Employing Company by the quantity of labor recruited at the pre-determined rate per capita per month designated in the contract between the Company and the Employing Companies. The Company considers that the customers simultaneously receive and consume the benefit in the service period designated by the contract term and therefore recognizes the revenue over time since blue-collar labor starts to work for the Employing Companies. During the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, we had nil and nil of revenue from job matching service, respectively. During the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, we had nil and $14,589 of revenue from job matching service, respectively.

Table of Contents

• Entrusted recruitment service

Under entrusted recruitment service model, the Employing Companies and HR Service Companies are both confidential to each other, the Employing Companies select the labor candidates provided by us (and directly with the HR Service Companies, and HR Service Companies are not allowed to contact the Employing Companies). The Employing Companies directly submit recruitment requests to the Company for their recruitment needs, which typically include the number of blue-collar workers needed, work hours, the preferred and required skill sets, etc. (the “Overall Work Arrangement”).

Once the overall work arrangement is established, the Company confirms the information regarding employment needs of the Employing Company. Subsequently, the Company negotiates with the labor service company to organize blue-collar workers. The labor service companies provide information of the workers and registers basic personal information of the workers for the Company. During the execution of the contract between the Company and the Employing Companies, the Company regularly communicates with the Employing Company to resolve issues and collect feedback on the performance of the blue-collar workers. The Company is responsible for briefing the workers for the Employing Companies’ culture, rules and regulations, worker’s job responsibilities, code of conduct, and provides short term vocation training if needed. The Company considers that the customers simultaneously receive and consume the benefit in the service period designated by the contract term and the Company recognizes the revenue over time since such blue-collar labor started to work for the Employing Companies. During the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, we had $0.6 million and $0.9 million of revenue from entrusted recruitment service, respectively. During the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, we had $2.7 million and $9.6 million of revenue from entrusted recruitment service, respectively.

• Project outsourcing service

Under project outsourcing service model, the Company provide services to the Customers in order to fulfill their outsourced labor assignments, such as daily express delivery assignment for China Post. The primary focus of this service is to complete and address the particular quantity and quality needs of the Customers.

Once the contract for project outsourcing is finalized, the Company makes arrangements with the HR Service Companies for the blue-collar workers for the assignments. The Company assumes liabilities, obligations and performance standards of the outsourced assignments, which includes the criteria on quality and quantity set up by the Customers. The Company confirms the service fee based on the work quantity and performance of the specific day with the Customers on daily basis. The Company receives the service fee from Customers based on the accumulated assignment accomplished of the month. The Company consider that the customers simultaneously receive and consume the benefit as well as the completion of daily outsourcing assignments. During the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, we had $4.1 million and $5.5 million of revenue from project outsourcing service, respectively. During the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, we had $9.8 million and $9.9 million of revenue from project outsourcing service, respectively.

• Labor dispatching service

Under labor dispatching service model, the Customers submit their labor needs and the Company dispatches its employees directly to the Customers. The Company is responsible for the payment of wages to the dispatched workers, and charges service fee to the Customers based upon the total number of working hours of the dispatched employees of the Company. The Company considers that the Customers simultaneously receive and consume the benefit as well as the dispatch services. The Company controls the specified service before that service is performed for a customer. Due to the negative gross profit of labor dispatching service, we determined not to expand this business line but strategically reduce the labor dispatching service. Revenue from labor dispatching service accounted for nil and 4.6% of total revenue for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Revenue from labor dispatching service accounted for 4.1% and 5.3% of total revenue for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. We consider that such determination to strategically reduce the labor dispatching service does not represent a strategic shift that will have a major effect on our financial results. During the six ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, we had nil and $0.3 million of revenue from labor dispatching service, respectively. During the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, we had $0.5 million and $1.1 million of revenue from labor dispatching service, respectively.

As of October 17, 2023, Gongwuyuan has cooperated and partnered with 18 corporate clients, including 9 agency recruitment clients, 9 outsourcing business clients, in core manufacturing regions such as the Pearl River Delta and Yangtze River Delta regions. As of October 17, 2023, there are over 5,003 labor companies and 3,149 enterprises registered on the Gongwuyuan Platform. Gongwuyuan believes that it will be able to convert 10% of such potential customers in the future, which will increase the number of clients that it cooperates and partners with by over 700.

Table of Contents

Key Factors that Affect Our Results of Operations

We believe the following key factors may affect our financial condition and results of operations:

• The proper functioning of our Gongwuyuan Platform and its technology infrastructure is essential to our business. Any errors in or disruption to the PRC operating entities’ IT systems and infrastructure and those on which they rely could materially affect their ability to maintain the satisfactory performance of their platform and deliver consistent services to their clients.

Labor Costs

Our results of operations are affected by the labor cost in China which historically has been trending higher due to increased household spending, and declining labor supply in China in recent years due to an aging population and declining birth rates. COVID-19 has also contributed to this decline in China’s labor supply over the last three years as China imposed lockdowns and travel restricted policies to contain COVID-19. In addition, under the PRC Social Insurance Law and the Administrative Measures on Housing Fund, employees are required to participate in pension insurance, work-related injury insurance, medical insurance, unemployment insurance, maternity insurance, and housing funds and employers are required, together with their employees or separately, to pay the social insurance premiums and housing funds for their employees. If a company fails to make adequate social insurance and housing fund contributions, the company may be required to make up the shortfall, pay the late fee and even subject to fines and legal sanctions. We believe these trends will very likely continue through 2023 and the following years.

The following Tables shows data of declining labor supply since 2015 in China:

Year	The number of the working-age population (aged 16-59)	The proportion of the working-age population in total population
2015	91,096,000	66.30	%
2016	90,747,000	65.60	%
2017	90,199,000	64.90	%
2018	89,729,000	64.30	%
2019	89,640,000	64.00	%
2020	89,436,000	63.35	%
2021	88,222,000	62.50	%
2022	87,556,000	62.00	%

____________

Source: National Bureau of Statistics of China

Table of Contents

As a result of these factors, we believe that labor costs in China will steadily increase in 2023 and will very likely continue to increase over the following years. To address labor costs challenges, we plan to take several actions to mitigate these changes, such as: improving employee loyalty to reduce recruiting cost, getting more practical training for our employees to improve productivity, and relocating some of the operational functions to lower cost area.

COVID-19 Pandemic Affecting Our Results of Operations

In March 2020, the World Health Organization announced that infections caused by the coronavirus disease of 2019 (“COVID-19”) had become pandemic and national, provincial and local authorities, including those whose jurisdictions include the areas, where our offices are located and our customers reside, adopted various regulations and orders, including “shelter in place” rules, restrictions on travel, mandates on the number of people that may gather in one location and closing non-essential businesses. These restrictions impacted our operations during the first half of 2020. Many of these pandemic measures have been relaxed due to the decrease in the prevalence of Covid-19 in China during the second half of 2020 until the end of 2021, and our operations have been improving since July 2020 and we have recognized a significant increase in revenue since September 2020. However, since the end of 2021 to the end of 2022, COVID-19 cases have fluctuated and increased in many cities of China; as a result of such increases in cases, there have been periodic short-term lockdowns and restrictions on travel in many areas of China. For the year ended December 31, 2022, our operations have been adversely affected by the measures taken to limit the spread of the disease in China. In the short term, the COVID-19 pandemic has created uncertainties and risks. In January 2023, China dropped all COVID restrictions, but our business has been continuously impacted by the effect of COVID-19 for the six months ended June 30, 2023 including shut-down and bankruptcy of significant amount of small business including the manufacturing industry in China. We believe it takes time for China’s economy to recover after pandemic; to date, we see a gradual picking-up of China’s economy, based on the current situation, we expect an increase of labor demand and positive impact to our operations and financial results in the long run.

Results of operations

Comparison of the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022

The following table summarizes our (including the VIE and the VIE’s subsidiaries) results of operations for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and provides information regarding the dollar and percentage increase or (decrease) during such periods.

	For the Six Months Ended June 30,
	2023 (UNAUDITED)					2022 (UNAUDITED)					Variance
	Amount			% of Revenue		Amount			% of Revenue		Amount			%
Net revenues	$	4,695,710		100.0	%	$	6,762,844		100.0	%	$	(2,067,134	)	(30.6	)%
Cost of revenues		4,393,786		93.57	%		6,254,231		92.5	%		(1,860,445	)	(29.8	)%
Gross profit		301,924		6.4	%		508,613		7.5	%		(206,689	)	(40.6	)%
Operating expenses
Selling expenses		86,021		1.8	%		142,473		2.1	%		(56,452	)	(39.6	)%
General and administrative expenses		206,373		4.4	%		600,230		8.9	%		(393,857	)	(65.6	)%
Research and development expenses		181,709		3.9	%		160,391		2.4	%		21,318		13.3	%
Total operating expenses		474,103		10.1	%		903,094		13.4	%		(428,991	)	(47.5	)%

Loss (income) from operations		(172,179	)	(3.7	)%		(394,481	)	(5.8	)%		222,302		(56.4	)%
Other income, net		(412	)	—	%		26,372		0.4	%		(26,784	)	(101.6	)%
Loss (income) before income taxes		(172,591	)	(3.7	)%		(368,109	)	(5.4	)%		195,518		(53.1	)%
Less: income tax expense		12,642		0.3	%		11,367		0.2	%		1,275		11.2	%
Net loss		(185,233	)	(3.9	)%		(379,476	)	(5.6	)%		194,243		(51.2	)%

Table of Contents

Net revenues

We generate revenues from recruitment facilitation services, which include 1) job matching service, 2) entrusted recruitment service, 3) project outsourcing service and 4) labor dispatching service, and other services that include software services and others. Total revenues decreased by $2.1 million, or 30.6%, from $6.8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2022 to $4.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023. The following table sets forth a breakdown of our revenues:

	For the Six Months Ended June 30,
	2023 (UNAUDITED)				2022 (UNAUDITED)				Variance
	Amount		%		Amount		%		Amount			%
Entrusted recruitment service	$	561,022	12.0	%	$	927,748	13.7	%	$	(366,726	)	(39.5	)%
Project outsourcing service		4,134,688	88.0	%		5,510,631	81.5	%		(1,375,943	)	(25.0	)%
Labor dispatching service			%			314,169	4.6	%		(314,169	)	(100.0	)%
Other services			%			10,296	0.2	%		(10,296	)	(100.0	)%
Total	$	4,695,710	100.0	%	$	6,762,844	100.0	%	$	(2,067,134	)	(30.6	)%

Revenue from entrusted recruitment service

Revenue from entrusted recruitment service accounted for 12% and 13.7% of total revenue for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Revenue from entrusted recruitment service decreased by $0.4 million, or 39.5%, from $0.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2022 to $0.6 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023. The decrease is primarily attributed to the delayed effects of China’s stringent preventive measures against the COVID-19 pandemic, which have increased the challenges of economic recovery. Our major customers for entrusted recruitment services are primarily from the manufacturing factories. Post COVID-19, various industries are in a phase of recovery. However, during this recovery phase, some industries, particularly manufacturing, are considering and implementing certain adjustments to their operations such as the adoption of automation through robots to replace manual labor and adjusting their supply chains to adapt to new market conditions. During this adjustment period, companies are trying to reduce capacity and cut down on labor for the purpose of cost control, accordingly, the labor demand remained at a lower level. Total number of customers for our entrusted recruitment was 8 for the six months ended June 30, 2023 as compared to 17 for the six months ended June 30, 2022. However, as China’s economy is recovering, we anticipate that in the latter half of 2023 or the coming year, as the entire Chinese economy recovers, our entrusted recruitment services will gradually return to its normal state.

Revenue from project outsourcing service

Revenue from project outsourcing service accounted for 88.0% and 81.5% of total revenue for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Revenue from project outsourcing service decreased by $1.4 million, or 25.0%, from $5.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2022 to $4.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023. Such decrease was primarily due to the outsourcing revenues from two major customers, China Postal Group Limited and Guangdong Yingwang Industrial Investment Limited, decreased by $0.7 million and $0.6 million, respectively. The decline in outsourcing revenue from China Postal Group Limited was resulting from the relax of COVID-19 situation and loosen of government policies on pandemic control, consumer’s online shopping decreased while offline or physical store shopping increased. As a result, courier collection and delivery services for packages from online shopping were relatively decreased. The decline in outsourcing revenue from Yingwang Industrial Investment Limited was due to slow-down of Yingwang’s own operation, Yingwang received significantly decreased service orders for the six months ended June 30, 2023 compared with June 30, 2022. Our core business is outsourcing and based on our analysis of the current domestic market, we have identified the logistics and express delivery industry as one of the fastest-growing sectors in China. This industry is still rapidly expanding, and as a result, there is a significant demand for human resources, often offering higher salary levels, attracting a large workforce. Despite limited funds, our company has continued to focus on the logistics and express delivery industry, actively expanding our outsourcing services to postal companies. We are seeking opportunities, establishing a business foundation, and preparing for future business expansion. For example, we have been examining postal business tender documents from various regions and understanding market rates. In 2023, we successfully launched operations with the Zhaoqing Branch of

Table of Contents

China Postal Group Limited, generating revenue of $0.2 million. Furthermore, the postal and express delivery business allows us to expand into e-commerce logistics, such as sorting and delivery services for companies like JD, Vipshop, and Cainiao’s delivery stations.

Revenue from labor dispatching service

Revenue from labor dispatching service accounted for nil and 4.6% of total revenue for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Revenue from labor dispatching service decreased by $0.3 million, or 100.0% from $0.3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2022 to nil for the six months ended June 30, 2023. The nil revenue in 2023 for our labor dispatch services was due to our temporary suspension of this service resulting from regulatory reform policy issued by the Chinese Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security in 2023, which standardized the use of labor dispatch services and prohibited government owned or related enterprises from using labor dispatch services.

Revenue from other services

Revenue from other services accounted for approximately nil and 0.2% of total revenues for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. During the six months ended June 30, 2022, the revenue generated from other services mainly represents software revenue of $10K. In November 2019, Gongwuyuan began developing its cloud-based internet platform to provide one-stop crowdsourcing recruitment and SaaS-enabled HR solutions on the “Gongwuyuan Platform to supplement its offline services. As of June 30, 2023, the platform is currently in its preliminary stages, however, we have been and will continue to strategically develop and improve the Gongwuyuan Platform with product features that work together with our traditional offline service model to improve the job matching and HR related services in the flexible employment marketplace.

Cost of revenues

Total cost of revenue decreased by $1.9 million, or 29.8%, from $6.3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2022 to $4.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023.

The following table sets forth a breakdown of our cost of revenues by services offered for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022:

	For the Six Months Ended June 30,
	2023 (UNAUDITED)				2022 (UNAUDITED)				Variance
	Amount		% of total costs		Amount		% total costs		Amount			%
Entrusted recruitment service	$	469,891	10.7	%	$	838,082	13.4	%	$	(368,191	)	(44.0	)%
Project outsourcing service		3,923,895	89.3	%		5,062,619	80.9	%		(1,138,724	)	(22.5	)%
Labor dispatching service		—	—	%		353,530	5.7	%		(353,530	)	(100.0	)%
Total costs	$	4,393,786	100.0	%	$	6,254,231	100.0	%	$	(1,860,445	)	(29.8	)%

Cost of revenues for entrusted recruitment service decreased by $0.4 million, or 44.0%, from $0.8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2022 to $0.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023. Our cost of revenues of entrusted recruitment service primarily consists of referral and service fee paid to labor-provider companies. The decrease in cost of revenues was in line with the decreased revenue. The percentage decrease in the cost of revenues was 44.0%, as compared to the 39.5% of decrease in the revenues.

Cost of revenues for project outsourcing service decreased by $1.1 million, or 22.5%, from $5.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2022 to $3.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023. Our cost of revenues of project outsourcing service primarily consists of outsourcing service fee paid to labor-provider companies. The decrease in cost of revenues was in line with the decreased revenue from project outsourcing service. The percentage decrease in the cost of revenue was 22.5%, as compared to 25% of decrease in the revenues.

Cost of revenues for labor dispatching service decreased by $0.4 million, or 100%, from $0.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2022 to nil for the six months ended June 30, 2023. Our cost of revenues of labor dispatching service primarily consists of salaries and benefits paid to temporary employees for labor dispatching service and referral fee paid to labor-provider companies. We did not have any cost for labor dispatch service for the six months ended June 30, 2023 due to no labor dispatch services were provided during the period.

Table of Contents

Gross profit and gross margin

As a result of changes in revenues and cost of revenues, gross profit decreased by $0.2 million, or 40.6% from $0.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2022 to $0.3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023. Such decrease was mainly due to the $0.2 million decrease in gross profit from project outsourcing service. The gross margin from project outsourcing service decreased from 8.1% to 5.1%, which was mainly due to the increase labor cost incurred to fulfil the outsourcing services. We anticipate that the increase in labor costs for fulling outsourcing services will continue to have an impact on our outsourcing services. Market conditions and labor costs can fluctuate over time due to supply and demand dynamics. If there is increased demand for labor or if wages have increased in the job market, it can lead to higher labor costs. The overall labor cost in China has increased in 2023 compared with 2022, we expect this increased labor cost will keep at current level or even slightly increase further for the near future due to unstable job market in China. In 2023, although the revenue from some of our existing outsourcing service major customers decreased, we also expanded to some new customers, such as Zhaoqing Branch of China Postal Group Limited, which generating revenue of $0.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023.

Operating expenses

Operating expenses decreased by $0.4 million, or 47.5%, from $0.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2022, to $0.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023. The change was mainly due to the decrease of approximately $0.4 million in general and administrative expenses as explained below.

Selling expenses

Selling expenses consisted mainly of salespeople’s salary and commission expenses, advertising and promotion expenses, travel and transportation expenses of salespeople, and business hospitality expenses. Selling expense was $86,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2023, compared to $0.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2022, representing a decrease of $56,000, or 39.6%, which was primarily due to the decrease in revenue and decrease in salary and welfare expenses.

General and administrative expenses

Research and development expenses

Other income (expenses), net

Other income (expenses), net mainly consisted of interest income and government subsidy income, net with interest expenses. Other expenses, net was $412 for the six months ended June 30, 2023, mainly consisted of interest expense of $11,000 but partly offset with government subsidy of $10,000, Other income, net was $26,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2022, mainly consisted of government subsidy of $32,000, but partly offset with interest expense of $6,000.

Income tax expense

Income tax expense was $12,000 and $11,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2023, and 2022, respectively.

Table of Contents

Net loss

Our net loss was $0.2 million during the six months ended June 30, 2023, as compared to $0.4 million net loss during the six months ended June 30, 2022. The decrease in net loss was mainly resulted from decreased operating expenses by 47.5% for the six months ended June 30, 2023, despite we had decreased gross profit by 40.6% for the six months ended June 30, 2023, as explained above.

Comparison of the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021

The following table summarizes our (including the VIE and the VIE’s subsidiaries) results of operations for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, and provides information regarding the dollar and percentage increase or (decrease) during such years.

	For the Years Ended December 31,
	2022					2021				Variance
	Amount			% of Revenue		Amount		% of Revenue		Amount			%
Net revenues	$	13,161,560		100.0	%	$	20,824,565	100.0	%	$	(7,663,005	)	(36.80	)%
Cost of revenues		11,635,220		88.40	%		18,148,607	87.1	%		(6,513,387	)	(35.89	)%
Gross profit		1,526,340		11.60	%		2,675,958	12.9	%		(1,149,618	)	(42.96	)%
Operating expenses
Selling expenses		243,937		1.85	%		486,569	2.3	%		(242,632	)	(49.87	)%
General and administrative expenses		2,205,442		16.76	%		1,477,647	7.1	%		727,795		49.25	%
Research and development expenses		479,218		3.64	%		337,770	1.6	%		141,448		41.88	%
Total operating expenses		2,928,597		22.25	%		2,301,986	11.1	%		626,611		27.22	%

(Loss) income from operations		(1,402,257	)	(10.65	)%		373,972	1.8	%		(1,776,229	)	(474.96	)%
Other income, net		95,997		0.73	%		78,568	0.4	%		17,429		22.18	%
(Loss) income before income taxes		(1,306,260	)	(9.92	)%		452,540	2.2	%		(1,758,800	)	(388.65	)%
Less: Income tax expense		23,421		0.18	%		200,333	1.0	%		(176,912	)	(88.31	)%
Net (loss) income		(1,329,681	)	(10.10	)%		252,207	1.2	%		(1,581,888	)	(627.22	)%

Net revenues

We generate revenues from recruitment facilitation services, which include 1) job matching service, 2) entrusted recruitment service, 3) project outsourcing service and 4) labor dispatching service, and other services that include advertising agent services and others. Total revenues decreased by $7.6 million, or 36.8%, from $20.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2021 to $13.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2022. The following table sets forth a breakdown of our revenues:

	For the Years Ended December 31,
	2022				2021				Variance
	Amount		%		Amount		%		Amount			%
Job matching service	$	—	—	%	$	14,589	0.1	%	$	(14,589	)	(100.00	)%
Entrusted recruitment service		2,749,483	20.89	%		9,587,703	46.1	%		(6,838,220	)	(71.32	)%
Project outsourcing service		9,844,007	74.79	%		9,876,308	47.4	%		(32,301	)	(0.33	)%
Labor dispatching service		538,583	4.09	%		1,110,788	5.3	%		(572,205	)	(51.51	)%
Other services		29,487	0.23	%		235,177	1.1	%		(205,690	)	(87.46	)%
Total	$	13,161,560	100.00	%	$	20,824,565	100.0	%	$	(7,663,005	)	(36.80	)%

Table of Contents

Revenue from job matching service

Revenue from job matching service accounted for nil and 0.1% of total revenue for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Revenue from job matching service decreased by $14,589, or 100%, from $14,589 for the year ended December 31, 2021 to nil for the year ended December 31, 2022. Such decrease was mainly due to the decrease in the number of customers as we strategically shrunk the job matching service but expanded the entrusted recruitment service line starting from 2021. Unlike the traditional job matching service, the identities of the Employing Companies and the HR Service Companies are mutually confidential during the entrusted recruitment service that the Employing Companies do not have direct contact with the HR Service Companies, which enhanced the customer stickiness along with high recruitment frequency for future demands of our services. For job matching service, the Company considers it as an agent in job matching service and the job matching service revenue was recognized in net basis.

Revenue from entrusted recruitment service

Revenue from entrusted recruitment service accounted for 20.9% and 46.1% of total revenue for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. For the year ended December 31, 2022, the revenue from entrusted recruitment service decreased by approximately $6.8 million, or 71.3% compared with the year ended December 31, 2021, was mainly due to Chinese government’s COVID-19 epidemic prevention policy that caused operations and production of factories of some major customers to be suspended. The Chinese government implemented stricter pandemic control policies in 2022 compared to 2021; the “zero-COVID” policy announced by the Chinese government at the end of 2021. The “zero-COVID” refers to the practice of promptly conducting epidemiological investigations, isolating all potentially exposed individuals, and controlling the spread of the virus when a new positive COVID-19 case is detected, in order to minimize transmission and confirmed cases. The local governments have taken more stringent measures in order to implement the “Zero-COVID” policy. These actions include city lockdowns, mandatory home quarantines, daily COVID-19 testing, etc. This policy was in effect from late 2021 until the middle to late period of 2022 when China substantially relaxed the Zero-Covid policy. In 2022, lots of businesses were terminated across China as a result of adverse impact of COVID-19 restrictions. Thus, while the COVID-19 pandemic had an impact on the Company’s operations in both 2021 and 2022, the year 2022 saw a greater impact due to the implementation of stricter government policies compared to 2021. The primary clients of the company’s entrusted recruitment services are concentrated in the manufacturing hub cities of China located in Southeastern China. These regions were the primary areas of focus for the Chinese government’s pandemic control efforts in 2022. Under the strict Chinese government pandemic control policies in 2022, our clients’ businesses in these areas also underwent different levels of suspended operations and production, and even terminating and closure of their business. In order to minimize business losses, these clients had to reduce their labor even directly shutting down the production entirely. Therefore, our number of clients for entrusted recruitment decreased from 36 in 2021 to 27 in 2022, and also resulted in the decrease of revenue.

Since the beginning of 2022, stringent pandemic control measures implemented by the Chinese government have led to a reduction in factory production orders, suspensions, and even closures of the business. Consequently, there has been a continuous decrease in labor demand from employer companies in China, which is a notable trend. We anticipate that this trend may persist, at least in the short term, as various factors like economic conditions and supply chain disruptions resulting from pandemic control measures continue to impact production activities. Impact on our results will largely depend on the extent and duration of this trend. If the decreased demand for labor persists, it is likely to have negative impacts on our revenue, profit margins, client base, and operational adjustments such as cost management and optimizing service offerings to maintain our competitiveness and profitability.

Revenue from project outsourcing service

Revenue from project outsourcing service accounted for 74.8% and 47.4% of total revenue for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Revenue from project outsourcing service decreased by $32,301, or 0.3%, from $9.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2021 to $9.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2022. During the year ended December 31, 2022, the revenue form project outsourcing service was in the line with during the year ended December 31, 2021. Such circumstances was primarily due to the less impact of the COVID-19 epidemic to our major customers such as China Post for whom we provided services on its logistics delivery projects. Unlike most of industries, postal and logistic service were fielding huge volumes of mail and package deliveries for people who were trying to stay at home to reduce the spread of the coronavirus during the year ended December 31, 2022.

Table of Contents

Revenue from labor dispatching service

Revenue from labor dispatching service accounted for 4.09% and 5.3% of total revenue for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Revenue from labor dispatching service decreased by $0.6 million, or 51.1% from $1.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2021 to $0.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2022. As the low gross profit of labor dispatching service, we determined not to expand this business line but strategically reduce the labor dispatching service and expected to completely stop the labor dispatching service after 2023. We consider that such determination to strategically reduce the labor dispatching service does not represent a strategic shift that will have a major effect on our financial results.

Revenue from other services

Revenue from other services accounted for approximately 0.2% and 1% of total revenues during the year ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. During the year ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, the revenue generated from other services mainly represents advertising agent revenue of $29,487 and $0.2 million provided to China Post, respectively, which is recognized on net basis.

Cost of revenues

Total cost of revenue decreased by $6.5 million, or 35.9%, from $18.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2021 to $11.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2022.

The following table sets forth a breakdown of our cost of revenues by services offered for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021:

	For the Years Ended December 31,
	2022				2021				Variance
	Amount		% of total costs		Amount		% total costs		Amount			%
Entrusted recruitment service	$	2,144,968	18.44	%	$	8,014,779	44.2	%	$	(5,869,811)		(73.24	)%
Project outsourcing service		9,033,406	77.64	%		8,795,164	48.5	%		238,242		2.71	%
Labor dispatching service		456,846	3.93	%		1,338,664	7.3	%		(881,818	)	(65.87	)%
Total costs	$	11,635,220	11.60	%	$	18,148,607	100.0	%	$	(6,513,387	)	(35.89	)%

Cost of revenues for entrusted recruitment service decreased by $5.9 million, or 73.2%, from $8.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2021 to $2.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2022. Our cost of revenues of entrusted recruitment service primarily consists of referral and service fee paid to labor-provider companies. The decrease in cost of revenues was in line with the decreased revenue in entrusted recruitment service.

Cost of revenues for project outsourcing service increased by $0.2 million, or 2.71%, from $8.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2021 to $9.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2022. Our cost of revenues of project outsourcing service primarily consists of outsourcing service fee paid to labor-provider companies. The increase in cost of revenues was in line with the increased revenue from RMB63.7M ($9.9M) for year ended December 31, 2021 to RMB66.2M ($9.8M) for year ended December 31, 2022 for project outsourcing service.

Cost of revenues for labor dispatching service decreased by $0.8 million, or 65.9%, from $1.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2021 to $0.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2022. The decrease in cost of revenues was in line with decreased revenue from labor dispatching service.

Gross profit and gross margin

As a result of changes in revenues and cost of revenues, gross profit decreased by $1.1 million, or 42.9% from $2.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2021 to $1.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2022. Such decrease was mainly due to the $0.9 million decrease in gross profit from entrusted recruitment service, 0.2 million decrease in gross profit from project outsourcing service, offsetting by the $0.3 million increase in gross profit from labor dispatch service. The gross margin decreased from 12.9% for the year ended December 31, 2021 to 11.6% for the year ended December 31, 2022, which was mainly due to decreased gross profit margin in project outsourcing services, from 10.9% for the year ended December, 2021 to 8.23% for the year ended December 31, 2022, which

Table of Contents

was mainly due to the increase labor cost incurred to fulfil the outsourcing services. We anticipate that the increase in labor costs for fulling outsourcing services will continue to have an impact on our outsourcing services. Market conditions and labor costs can fluctuate over time due to supply and demand dynamics. If there is increased demand for labor or if wages have increased in the job market, it can lead to higher labor costs. The overall labor cost in China has increased in 2022, we expect this increased labor cost will keep at current level or even slightly increase further for the near future due to unstable job market in China. As a company grows and takes on more outsourcing projects, it often requires additional labor resources, which can result in increased labor costs when there is a shortage of labor supply in the market. We did not incur increased outsourcing projects in 2022, however due to the zero-COVID in most of 2022 and Sudden Wide-Opening in the end of 2022, we faced unstable and shortage of worker force resulting from either lockdown at hometown or sickness due to Covid-19 wide-spread. We had to increase our pay to attract workers to work for our project.

Although the gross profit margin of the labor dispatch service was turned from negative to positive in 2022, based on the experience of previous years, the Company’s development in the business of labor dispatching was in the preliminary stage, which was mainly for the purpose of expanding the market and attracting customers by offering service with low profit margin. The Company will strategically reduce the labor dispatching service and completely stop the labor dispatching service after 2023.

Operating expenses

Operating expenses increased by $0.6 million, or 27.2%, from $2.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2021, to $2.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2022. The change was caused by the increase of $0.7 million in general and administrative expenses, the increase of $0.1 million in research and development expenses, net off the decrease of $0.2 million in selling expenses.

Selling expenses

Selling expenses consisted mainly of salespeople’s salary and commission expenses, advertising and promotion expenses, travel and transportation expenses of salespeople, and business hospitality expenses. Selling expense was $0.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2022, compared to $0.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2021, representing a decrease of $0.3 million, or 49.9%, which was primarily due to the decrease in salary and commission expenses of $0.2 million.

General and administrative expenses

General and administrative expenses mainly consisted of employee salaries, consulting and professional service expenses, office rent and management expenses, and office utilities and other office expenses. General and administrative expenses were $2.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2022, as compared to $1.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2021, representing an increase of $0.7 million, or 49.2%. The increase in general administrative expenses in 2022 was primarily due to increase in bad debt allowance regarding China Post due to its slow collection. Approximately $0.5 million was recorded as bad debts expense during the year ended December 31, 2022. The bad debt reserved in 2022 was for the revenue recognized from China Post in 2021 and was considered an isolated incident within a single contract. Each of our subsidiary has individual business dealings with various local branches of China Post and the slow collection issue is only for our subsidiary Jiangxi supply chain Co. Ltd. who has one contract with the Dongguan branch of China Post; and as per our management’s knowledge, the slow collection of accounts receivable from Dongguan Branch of China Post is due to the internal budgeting and cash flow issue of this specific branch. Management believes they will eventually collect the accounts receivable from this branch but just an issue of timing. In 2022, the revenue recognized from other branches of China Post was approximately $3 million, and related outstanding accounts receivable was approximately $422,000 as of December 31, 2022. As of this report date, all outstanding accounts receivable related to China Post’s 2022 revenue have been fully collected. While we cannot predict the future, we will take necessary steps to manage this challenge, including proactive communication and negotiation with China Post to address slow collection issues. We will also continue to strengthen internal financial management and risk mitigation measures to reduce the impact of uncertainties. Ultimately, we will closely monitor market and client conditions, adapting to changes as needed to maintain the health and stability of the company.

Table of Contents

Research and development expenses

Research and development expenses consisted mainly of salaries of staff in research and development function, network and platform maintenance expenses, office rent and utility expenses, as well as copyright, trademark, and patent expenses. Research and development expenses increased from $0.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2021 to $0.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2022. The increase in research and development expenses were mainly due to increased salaries of staff by $0.2 million resulting from the increase in headcount of research and development function.

Other income, net

Other income, net mainly consisted of interest income and government subsidy income. Other income, net was $95,997 for the year ended December 31, 2022, as compared to the $78,568 for the year ended December 31, 2021.

Income tax expenses

Income tax expenses were $23,421 for the year ended December 31, 2022, representing a decrease of $0.18 million or 88.31% from $0.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2021, which was primarily due to the decrease of taxable income.

Net (loss) income

Our net loss was $1.3 million during the year ended December 31, 2022, as compared to $0.3 million net income during the year ended December 31, 2021. It from net income to net loss was mainly resulted from (i) the revenue decreased from $20.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2021 to $13.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2022, (ii) the gross margin decreased from 12.9% for the years ended December 31, 2021 to 11.6% for the year ended December 31, 2022, and (iii) the operating expenses increased by $0.6 million from $2.3 million for the year ended December 2021 to $2.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2022.

Due to the lockdown of the epidemic, the isolation policies in various places in China not being uniform, and public transportation was limited, it is difficult to realize the cross-regional deployment of blue-collar workers. China and worldwide economy have been severely impacted by the pandemic. The demand of labor from employer companies in China has been continuously decreased since beginning of 2022 as a result of decreased production orders for factories. In addition, our business is in transition from job matching service to entrusted recruitment service and project outsourcing service; the proportion of project outsourcing revenue to total revenue is relatively large but with lower profit margin, the profit margin for outsourcing service was 8.2% for the year ended December 31, 2022, and the Company expected the profit margin of approximate 10% for outsourcing service for 2023. We also believe our professional and consulting expenses will remain at a high level due to the proposed initial public offering.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

In assessing its liquidity, management monitors and analyzes the Company’s cash on-hand, its ability to generate sufficient revenue sources in the future, and its operating and capital expenditure commitments. To date, we have financed our operations primarily through cash from operations, borrowings, and capital contributions from shareholders, which have historically been sufficient to meet our working capital requirements.

The Company currently plans to fund its operations mainly through cash flow from its operations, obtain and renewal of bank borrowings, supports from major shareholders, if necessary, to ensure sufficient working capital. The Company had cash of approximately $2.4 million, $2.4 million and $0.1 million had working capital of approximately $1.5 million, $1.6 million and 1.4 million as of June 30, 2023, December 31, 2022, and December 31, 2021, respectively.

The Company had negative operating cash flows of $86,680 for the six months ended June 30, 2023, mainly due to 1) the change of $0.3 million in account receivable, 2) the $0.3 million prepaid expenses, 3) the $0.1 million prepayment to suppliers, 4) $98,344 payment to operating lease, offset with 5) the change of $0.6 million in outstanding accounts payable for service fee to labor service providers, and 6) $0.2 million cash inflow from related parties’ due.

Table of Contents

The Company had positive operating cash inflow of 1.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2022, mainly due to 1) the change of $0.7 million in account receivable, 2) $0.8 million payment received from due from related parties (Mr. Daoning Xia (“Mr. Xia”), the shareholder of the Company and the founder of the VIE, and his affiliated entities for their business operation purposes, and Mr. Xia’s sister), and 3) $1.3 million increase from due to related parties (other shareholders and management of the Company).

As of June 30, 2023, the Company had accounts receivable of $2.6 million, a total of $2.0 million, or 76% of such accounts receivable balance has been collected as of the date of this prospectus and the remaining balance is expected to be collected in the end of 2023. As of December 31, 2022, the Company had accounts receivable of $2.4 million, a total of $1.9 million, or 77% of such accounts receivable balance has been collected as of the date of this prospectus and the remaining balance is expected to be collected in the end of 2023. The Company generally grant credit terms for accounts receivable within the period of 30 to 180 days. The turnover days for accounts receivable for the six months ended June 30, 2023, and for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 were 101 days, 88 days, and 66 days respectively, which are within the credit term.

As of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company had the total amounts due from related parties of $1.8 million and $2.0 million, respectively, which were mainly due from the shareholder of the Company and the founder of the VIE, Mr. Daoning Xia (“Mr. Xia”), Ms. Guoping Xia (“Ms. Xia”) who is the sister of Mr. Xia, and their affiliated entities. As of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the amount due from Mr. Xia and his affiliated companies were $0.9 million and $0.8 million, respectively. As of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the amount due from Ms. Xia and her affiliated companies were $0.8 million and $0.9 million, respectively.

As of June 30, 2023, the Company, through the VIE and its subsidiaries, had outstanding bank loans balance of $0.9 million. During the subsequent period from July 1, 2023 to the date of this prospectus, the Company, through the VIE and its subsidiaries, obtained certain bank loan with total balance of $0.1 million available to use; the Company had $0.1 million of outstanding balance from the loan as of this prospectus. The Company also entered factoring agreements to sell specific accounts receivable to a factoring company for obtaining cash funds up to $0.7 million at a 15% factoring service rate; the Company did not use such factoring credit line yet as of this prospectus. Management expects that it would be able to obtain new bank loans or renew its existing bank loans upon their maturity based on past experience and the Company’s good credit history.

We believe that the current cash and cash flows provided by future operating activities and loans from banks and third parties will be sufficient to meet the working capital needs in the next 12 months from the date the audited financial statements were issued. If we experience an adverse operating environment or incurs unanticipated capital expenditure requirements, or if we decide to accelerate growth, then additional financing may be required. We cannot guarantee, however, that additional financing, if required, would be available at all or on favorable terms. Such financing may include the use of additional debt or the sale of additional equity securities. Any financing which involves the sale of equity securities or instruments that are convertible into equity securities could result in immediate and possibly significant dilution to our existing shareholders. If it is determined that the cash requirements exceed the Company’s amounts of cash on hand, the Company may seek to issue additional debt or obtain financial support from shareholders. The principal shareholder of the Company has made commitment to provide financial support to the Company whenever necessary.

Substantially all of our current operations are conducted in China and all of our revenue, expenses, cash are denominated in RMB. Current foreign exchange and other regulations in the PRC may restrict our PRC entities in their ability to transfer their net assets to us. However, we have no present plans to declare dividend and we plan to retain our retained earnings to continue to grow business. In addition, these restrictions had no impact on our ability to meet cash obligations as all of current cash obligations are due within the PRC.

Table of Contents

Cash Flow Activities

Cash Flows for the Six Months Ended June 30, 2023 and 2022

The following is a summary of cash provided by or used in each of the indicated types of activities during the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

	For the Six Months Ended June 30,
	2023 (UNAUDITED)			2022 (UNAUDITED)
Net cash used in by operating activities	$	(86,680	)	$	(807,970	)
Net cash used in investing activities		—			—
Net cash provided by financing activities		213,663			900,267
Effect of exchange rate change on cash		(123,194	)		(9,505	)
Net increase (decrease) in cash		3,789			82,792
Cash, beginning of year		2,404,170			134,488
Cash, end of year	$	2,407,959		$	217,280

Operating Activities

Net cash used in operating activities was $86,680 for the six months ended June 30, 2023, mainly derived from (i) net loss of $0.2 million adjusted for amortization of operating lease right-of-use assets of $0.2 million; (ii) net changes in operating assets and liabilities, principally comprising of (a) an increase in outstanding account receivable of $0.3 million; (b) an increase in advance to supplier of $0.1 million; (c) an increase in prepaid expense and other current assets of $0.3 million; and (d) an increase in outstanding account payable of $0.6 million; (e) an increase in due to related parties of $0.1 million. Net cash used in operating activities was $0.8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2022, mainly derived from (i) net loss of $0.4 million, adjusted for amortization of operating lease right-of-use assets of $94,078; (ii) net changes in operating assets and liabilities, principally comprising of (a) a decrease in account receivable of $0.5 million, as a result of collection of service fee; (b) an increase in amount due from related parties of $0.9 million that was mainly provided to Mr. Xia and the entities under his control for its business operation purpose.

Net cash used in operating activities was $86,680 for the six months ended June 30, 2023 compared with net cash used in operating activities of $0.8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2022, representing decrease in cash outflow of $0.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023 that was due to (i) a decreased net loss by $0.2 million; (ii) an increase in cash inflow from related parties by $1.1 million; (iii) an increase in cash inflow on account payable by $0.5 million; however, the decrease in cash outflow was partly offset by (i) an increased cash outflow on outstanding account receivable by $0.7 million; (ii) increased cash outflow on prepaid expense and other current assets by $0.2 million, and (iii) an increased cash outflow on accrue liabilities and other payable by $0.1 million.

Investing Activities

There was no cash used in investing activities for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

Financing Activities

Cash provided by financing activities was $0.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023, consisted of $1.3 million proceeds from loans and $1.1 million loan repayment.

Cash provided by financing activities was $0.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2022, consisted of $1.7 million proceeds from loans and $0.8 million loan repayment.

Table of Contents

Cash Flows for the Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021

The following is a summary of cash provided by or used in each of the indicated types of activities during the years ended December 31, 2022, and 2021, respectively.

	For the Year Ended December 31,
	2022			2021
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities	$	1,552,896		$	(1,557,515	)
Net cash used in investing activities		—			(2,924	)
Net cash provided by financing activities		783,918			1,397,442
Effect of exchange rate change on cash		(67,132	)		(5,358	)
Net increase (decrease) in cash		2,269,682			(168,355	)
Cash, beginning of year		134,488			302,843
Cash, end of year	$	2,404,170		$	134,488

Operating Activities

Net cash provided by operating activities was $1.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2022 compared with net cash used in operating activities of $1.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2021, representing an increase in cash inflow of $3.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2022, mainly due to (i) an increase of collection from accounts receivable by $1.0 million, (ii) a decrease on cash outflow on account payable by $0.7 million for outstanding accounts payable for referral and service fee to labor-provider companies, iii) a decreased in due from related partied which was advanced to Mr. Xia and his affiliates by $1.7 million, iv) an increase in due to related parties which mainly due to other shareholder and management members for the Company’s working capital needs by $1.3 million, despite we incurred decreased net income by $1.6 million.

Investing Activities

There was no cash used in investing activities for the year ended December 31, 2022.

Cash used in investing activities was $2,924 for the year ended December 31, 2021, which was for the purchases of property and equipment.

Financing Activities

Cash provided by financing activities was $0.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2022, which were $1.7 million proceeds from bank credit lines and loans, partly offset with repayments to loans of $0.9 million.

Cash provided by financing activities was $1.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2021, all of which were capital contribution from the shareholders of the VIE.

Contractual Obligation and Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

Contractual Obligations

The Company leases several office spaces for its head office and branch offices. The following tables summarize our contractual obligations as of June 30, 2023.

Contractual Obligations	Total		Less than 1 year		1 – 2 years
Operating lease	$	38,546	$	30,751	$	7,795
Total	$	38,546	$	30,751	$	7,795

Off-balance Sheet Arrangements

We did not have any off-balance sheet arrangements as of June 30, 2023, December 31, 2022 and 2021.

Table of Contents

Trend Information

Other than as disclosed elsewhere in this prospectus, we are not aware of any trends, uncertainties, demands, commitments, or events that are reasonably likely to have a material effect on our revenue, income from operations, net income, liquidity, or capital resources, or that would cause reported financial information not necessarily to be indicative of future operating results or financial condition.

Inflation

Inflation does not materially affect our business or the results of our operations.

Seasonality

We experience fluctuations due to seasonal variations in demand for blue-collar workers and human resource related services. Fluctuations in the level of recruitment activity for blue-collar workers and human resource needs occur due to changes in the overall economic, market and social conditions in China. Our operating results have fluctuated in the past and may continue to fluctuate depending upon a number of factors, many of which are out of our control. For example, recruitment numbers tend to be higher during holidays and at the end of the year, and the demand for human resource services is reliant on the needs of employers as well as their perceptions of the job market. Such uncertainty makes it difficult for us to predict operating results on a period-to-period basis.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Our discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based upon our consolidated financial statements. These financial statements are prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP, which requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of our assets and liabilities and revenue and expenses, to disclose contingent assets and liabilities on the date of the consolidated financial statements, and to disclose the reported amounts of revenue and expenses incurred during the financial reporting period. We continue to evaluate these estimates and assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. We rely on these evaluations as the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Since the use of estimates is an integral component of the financial reporting process, actual results could differ from those estimates. Some of our accounting policies require higher degrees of judgment than others in their application. We believe that the critical accounting policies as disclosed in this prospectus reflect the more significant judgments and estimates used in preparation of our consolidated financial statements. Further, as an emerging growth company, we elected to use the extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards that have different effective dates for emerging growth companies until the earlier of the date that we (i) are no longer an emerging growth company or (ii) affirmatively and irrevocably opt out of the extended transition period provided in the JOBS Act. As a result, these financial statements and contained in our subsequent filings with the SEC may not be comparable to other public companies.

The following critical accounting policies rely upon assumptions and estimates and were used in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements:

Use of Estimates

The preparation of the Company’s consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires the use of estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. These estimates form the basis for judgments that management make about the carrying values of assets and liabilities, which are not readily apparent from other sources. Management base their estimates and judgments on historical information and on various other assumptions that they believe are reasonable under the circumstances. U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and judgments in several areas, including, but not limited to, those related to revenue recognition, the assessment of the allowance for doubtful accounts, determinations of the useful lives and valuation of long-lived assets, and valuation allowance for deferred tax assets. These estimates are based on management’s knowledge about current events and expectations about actions that the Company may undertake in the future. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Table of Contents

Revenue Recognition

On January 1, 2018, the Company adopted ASC Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASC 606”), using the modified retrospective transition method. The impact of adopting the new revenue standard was not material to the Company’s consolidated financial statements and there was no adjustment to beginning accumulated deficit on January 1, 2018. The core principle of this new revenue standard is that a company should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the company expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. The following five steps are applied to achieve that core principle:

• Step 1: Identify the contract with the customer

• Step 2: Identify the performance obligations in the contract

• Step 3: Determine the transaction price

• Step 4: Allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract

• Step 5: Recognize revenue when the company satisfies a performance obligation

The Company contracts with the labor-demand side companies (employing companies) to facilitate the recruitment of blue-collar labor in PRC. Other than recruitment facilitation, the Company also contracts with its customers for ad hoc service such as advertising agent services and others. The Company considers that its revenues from contracts with customers are generated from recruitment facilitation services which include 1) job matching service, 2) entrusted recruitment service, 3) project outsourcing service, 4) labor dispatching service and other services which include advertising agent services and others.

Recruitment Facilitation

The Company contracts with domestic labor service companies to access the blue-collar labor. The recruitment facilitation service is to connect the Customers and Employing Companies with the available blue-collar labor from either the Company or the HR Service Companies. The recruitment facilitation provides the customers a variety of means of human resource solution, which includes direct employment (job matching or entrusted recruitment), outsourcing or labor dispatching. In recruitment facilitation contract, the Company is contractually obliged to facilitate the human resource recruitment and ensure that blue-collar labor works for the Employing Companies for a designated period of times. The Company is also contractually obliged to help recruit additional blue-collar labor if there is a vacancy caused by the resignation of the blue-collar labor that the Company initially introduced. Under entrusted recruitment, project outsourcing and labor dispatching model, if the blue-collar labor has no working experience in the industry of the Customers or Employing Companies, the Company provides short term occupational training to the blue-collar labor prior to their admittance by the Customer and Employing Companies.

The Company concludes its recruitment facilitation services meet all five criteria under Step 1: identify contract with customers in accordance with ASC 606. The Company evaluates the contract with the Customers or Employing Companies to identify performance obligations. A performance obligation is a promise to transfer to the customer or Employing Company either 1) a good or service (or a bundle of goods or services) that is distinct; or 2) a series of distinct goods or services that are substantially the same and that have the same pattern of transfer to the customer. The Company consider its promises to the Customers or Employing Companies include the recruitment activities that replenish the headcounts in the event of resignation.

The Company considers the promises to the customers include the identification on the target blue-collar labor, optional training if the blue-collar labor has no relevant working experiences, on-site monitor and management of the workers, and the commitment to replenish the labors in the event of resignation. The Company considers the service promise in the contract is capable of being distinct because the customer can benefit from the service promise on its own or together with other readily available resources. However, separate delivery of recruitment, optional vocation training and replenishment cannot achieve employing companies’ the intended function and thus the Company considers different promises in recruitment facilitation as a single performance obligation.

Table of Contents

• Job matching service

Under job matching service model, the Company connects the Employing Companies and the labor service companies based on the quantity and the duration of the blue-collar labor the Employing Company plans to recruit. Once the contract between the Employing Companies and HR Service Companies were signed, the Company charges the service fee to the Employing Company by the quantity of labor recruited at the pre-determined rate per capita per month designated in the contract between the Company and the Employing Companies. The Company considers that the customers simultaneously receive and consume the benefit in the service period designated by the contract term and therefore recognizes the revenue over time since blue-collar labor starts to work for the Employing Companies.

The Company does have the risk of identifying qualified labor service companies. The employment companies have the discretion to select the service providers. Therefore, the Company consider it as an agent in job matching service and records job matching service revenue in net basis.

• Entrusted recruitment service

Under entrusted recruitment service model, the Employing Companies and labor service companies are both confidential to each other, the Employing Companies select the labor candidates provided by us (and directly with the labor service companies, and the labor service companies are not allowed to contact the Employing Companies). The Employing Companies directly submit recruitment requests to the Company for their recruitment needs, which typically include the number of blue-collar workers needed, work hours, the preferred and required skill sets, etc. (the “Overall Work Arrangement”).

Once the Employing Companies established the Overall Work Arrangement and submit the labor recruitment request, the Company confirms the information regarding employment needs of the Employing Companies and signs contracts with Employing Companies to provide entrusted recruitment services. Pursuant to the contracts, the Company’s promises to the customers include the identification on the target blue-collar labor, optional training if the blue-collar labor has no relevant working experiences, continuance monitoring of labor performance and commitment to replenish the labor in the event of resignation during the contract service period (usually no more than six months). The Company considers the different service promise in the contract is capable of being distinct because the customer can benefit from the service promise on its own or together with other readily available resources. However, separate delivery of recruitment, optional vocation training, continuance monitoring of labor performances or replenishment cannot achieve Employing Companies’ intended request, all of which are the input or part of the combined performance obligation to be provided to the customers. The Company considers different promises in recruitment facilitation as a single performance obligation for each assigned labor recruitment. Within each frame contract with the Employing Company, the Company provides a bundle of services that are substantially the same and that have the same pattern of transfer to the customer.

The Company engages third-party labor service companies while providing the entrusted recruitment services. The Company enters contracts with the third-party labor service companies to organize blue-collar worker candidates. The labor service companies provide information of the workers and registers basic personal information of the workers for the Company. The third-party labor service companies will provide the required number of workers to the Company, and the Company will further communicate the specific employment request of the employing company with the blue-collar labor, perform preliminary screening and interview of the candidates, and then provide the employing companies with the labor candidates who are considered appropriate in terms of the skill set as requested. In many cases, the Company organizes on-site interviews for Employing Company to assist them for making the final employment decision.

Table of Contents

short term vocation training if needed, and this is not the obligation of the third-party labor companies. When there is a vacancy caused by resignation, the Company needs to find a replacement and will be responsible for the relevant cost incurred. The Company considers itself as principal of the services as it has control of the specified services at any time before it is transferred to the customers which is evidenced by (i) the Company is primarily responsible for fulfilling the promises and transferring services to the customer and assumes fulfilment risk (i.e., risk that the performance obligation will not be satisfied); (ii) having latitude in select third-party labor service companies and establish pricing, and bears the risk for services that are not fully paid for by customers. Therefore, the Company acts as the principal of these services and reports revenue earned and costs incurred related to these transactions on a gross basis.

For entrusted recruitment services, there are two main types of price rate charging to the Employing Companies: (i) fixed monthly standard fee per worker, and (ii) fixed hourly rate per worker. There are no potential discounts, concession, rights of return or performance bonuses. The Company satisfies the performance obligation based on days passed over time during the contract service period (usually no more than six months); the customer simultaneously receives and consumes the benefits as their labor needs are satisfied through the Company’s performance during the service term. At the end of each month during the service period, the Company confirms with customers on the total number of workers as well as the total hours if it’s charged at hourly rate. For the workers with commitment to find a replacement due to bad performance or resignation that has not been provided, the Company does not consider the control of service being transferred. Where the Company has fulfilled the performance obligations and the customers confirmed the transfer of such service with the collectability being reasonably assured, the Company bills its customers on monthly basis for the service that was provided and recognize revenue accordingly based on the monthly statement agreed with customers as services are delivered in accordance with the contracts.

• Project outsourcing service

Once the contract for project outsourcing is finalized, the Company makes arrangements with labor service companies for the blue-collar workers for the assignments. The Company assumes liabilities, obligations and performance standards of the outsourced assignments, which includes the criteria on quality and quantity set up by the Customers. The Company confirms the service fee based on the work quantity and performance of the specific day with the Customers on daily basis. The Company receives the service fee from the Customer based on the accumulated assignment accomplished of the month. The Company consider that the customers simultaneously receive and consume the benefit as well as the completion of daily outsourcing assignments.

The Company considers it as the principal in the transaction and records the revenue on gross basis.

• Labor dispatching service

The Company has the risk of identifying and hiring qualified employees, has the discretion to select the employees and establish their price, and bears the risk for services that are not fully paid for by customers. Therefore, the Company records labor dispatch revenue on a gross basis as a principal.

Other Services

The revenue generated from other services mainly represents advertising agent revenue provided to China Post, which is recognized on net basis.

Contract Balances

Table of Contents

recognizes accounts receivable in its consolidated balance sheets when it performs a service in advance of receiving consideration and it has the unconditional right to receive consideration. A contract asset is recorded when the Company has transferred services to the customer before payment is received or is due, and the Company’s right to consideration is conditional on future performance or other factors in the contract. As of June 30, 2023, December 31 2022 and 2021, the Company had no contract assets.

Payment terms and conditions vary by contract type; however, the Company’s terms generally include a requirement of payment within a period between 30 to 180 days if not paid in advance. The Company has elected the practical expedient to not assess whether a significant financing component exists if the period between when we transfer a promised good or service to a customer and when the customer pays for that good or service is one year or less.

The Company capitalizes incremental costs incurred to fulfill contracts that (i) relate directly to the contract, (ii) are expected to generate resources that will be used to satisfy the performance obligation under the contract, and (iii) are expected to be recovered through revenue generated under the contract. The compensation expenses of workforce and outsourced workforce in relation with certain project outsourcing services are considered incremental costs to fulfil the contracts. These contract costs are recorded as cost of revenue upon the recognition of the related revenue. Provisions for estimated losses, if any, on uncompleted contracts are recorded in the period in which such losses become probable based on the current contract estimates. As of June 30, 2023, December 31, 2022 and 2021 the Company had no deferred contract costs.

Contract liabilities are recognized if the Company receives consideration prior to satisfying the performance obligations, which include customer advances and deferred revenue under service arrangements.

Accounts Receivable, Net

Accounts receivable represent the amounts that the Company has an unconditional right to consideration, which are stated at the historical carrying amount net of allowance for doubtful accounts. The Company maintains allowances for doubtful accounts for estimated losses. The Company reviews the accounts receivable on a periodic basis and makes allowances when there is doubt as to the collectability of individual balances. In evaluating the collectability of individual receivable balances, the Company considers many factors, including the age of the balance, customer’s historical payment history, its current credit-worthiness and current economic trends. Accounts are written off against the allowance after all means of collection have been exhausted and the potential for recovery is considered remote.

Impairment of Long-lived Assets

In accordance with ASC Topic 360, the Company reviews long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the assets may not be fully recoverable, or at least annually. The Company recognizes an impairment loss when the sum of expected undiscounted future cash flows is less than the carrying amount of the asset. The amount of impairment is measured as the difference between the asset’s estimated fair value and its book value. The Company did not record any impairment charge for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022. The Company did not record any impairment charge for the year ended December 31, 2022 and 2021.

Income Taxes

The Company accounts for income taxes using the asset/liability method prescribed by ASC 740, “Income Taxes.” Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on the difference between the financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates that will be in effect in the period in which the differences are expected to reverse. Deferred income taxes are recognized for temporary differences between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their reported amounts in the consolidated financial statements, net operating loss carry forwards and credits. The Company records a valuation allowance to offset deferred tax assets if, based on the weight of available evidence, it is more-likely-than-not that some portion, or all, of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The effect on deferred taxes of a change in tax rates is recognized as income or loss in the period that includes the enactment date.

Table of Contents

adjusted periodically due to changing circumstances, such as the progress of tax audits, case law developments and new or emerging legislation. Such adjustments are recognized entirely in the period in which they are identified. The Company’s effective tax rate includes the net impact of changes in the liability for unrecognized tax benefits and subsequent adjustments as considered appropriate by management. As of June 30, 2023, December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company had no significant uncertain tax positions that qualify for either recognition or disclosure in the financial statements. The Company recognizes interest and penalties related to significant uncertain income tax positions in other expense if any. There were no such interest and penalties as of June 30, 2023, December 31, 2022 and 2021.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In June 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2016-13, Financial Instruments — Credit Losses (Topic 326). The amendments in this Update require a financial asset (or a group of financial assets) measured at amortized cost basis to be presented at the net amount expected to be collected. The amendments broaden the information that an entity must consider in developing its expected credit loss estimate for assets measured either collectively or individually. The use of forecasted information incorporates more timely information in the estimate of expected credit loss, which will be more decision useful to users of the financial statements. This ASU is effective for annual and interim periods beginning after September 15, 2019 for issuers and September 15, 2020 for non-issuers. Early adoption is permitted for all entities for annual periods beginning after September 15, 2018, and interim periods therein. In May 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-05, Financial Instruments — Credit Losses (Topic 326): Targeted Transition Relief. This ASU adds optional transition relief for entities to elect the fair value option for certain financial assets previously measured at amortized cost basis to increase comparability of similar financial assets. The ASUs should be applied through a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings as of the beginning of the first reporting period in which the guidance is effective (that is, a modified retrospective approach). On November 19, 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-10 to amend the effective date for ASU 2016-13 to be fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022 and interim periods therein. The Company is still evaluating the impact of accounting standard of credit losses on the Company’s consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-04, Intangibles — Goodwill and Other (Topic 350), Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment (“ASU 2017-04”). ASU 2017-04 eliminates Step 2 of the two-step goodwill impairment test, under which a goodwill impairment loss was measured by comparing the implied fair value of a reporting unit’s goodwill with the carrying amount of that goodwill. ASU 2017-04 requires only a one-step quantitative impairment test, whereby a goodwill impairment loss is measured as the excess of a reporting unit’s carrying amount over its fair value (not to exceed the total goodwill allocated to that reporting unit). Adoption of the ASUs is on a modified retrospective basis. As the Company qualifies as a smaller reporting company, the standard will be effective for the Company for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2022. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that the adoption of ASU 2017-04 will have on its consolidated financial statement presentation or disclosures.

In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-12, “Income Taxes (Topic 740): Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes”. The amendments in this update simplify the accounting for income taxes by removing certain exceptions to the general principles in Topic 740. The amendments also improve consistent application of and simplify GAAP for other areas of Topic 740 by clarifying and amending existing guidance. For public business entities, the amendments in this Update are effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2020. For all other entities, the amendments are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2021, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022. Early adoption of the amendments is permitted, including adoption in any interim period for (1) public business entities for periods for which financial statements have not yet been issued and (2) all other entities for periods for which financial statements have not yet been made available for issuance. An entity that elects to early adopt the amendments in an interim period should reflect any adjustments as of the beginning of the annual period that includes that interim period. Additionally, an entity that elects early adoption must adopt all the amendments in the same period. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that the adoption of ASU 2019-12 will have on its consolidated financial statement presentation or disclosures.

The Company does not believe other recently issued but not yet effective accounting standards, if currently adopted, would have a material effect on the Company’s consolidated financial position, statements of comprehensive income and cash flows.

Table of Contents

CORPORATE HISTORY AND STRUCTURE

Baiya International Group Inc. (“Baiya”) was incorporated in the Cayman Islands as an exempted limited liability company on October 18, 2021. Through its China indirect wholly foreign-owned subsidiary, Shenzhen Pengze Future Technology Co., Ltd. (the “Pengze WFOE”) and utilization of a variable interest entity (VIE) structure through the Contractual Arrangements, Baiya operates and consolidates the financial results of Shenzhen Gongwuyuan Network Technology Co., Ltd. (“Gongwuyuan”) which is a variable interest entity (the “VIE” ), and its subsidiaries, or collectively, “PRC operating entities”. Neither we nor our direct and indirect subsidiaries own any equity interests in the PRC operating entities.

The following is a brief description of each of the Company’s subsidiaries, and the VIE as of the date of this prospectus:

• Ruifeng BVI. Ruifeng BVI is an exempted company incorporated on October 25, 2021, under the laws of the British Virgin Islands. Ruifeng BVI is authorized to issue 50,000 ordinary shares of which 100 ordinary shares are issued and outstanding. Ruifeng BVI is wholly owned by Baiya.

• Juxing HK. Juxing HK is a limited company incorporated on November 3, 2021, under the laws of Hong Kong. The total amount of share capital of Juxing HK is USD 10,000.00 with 10,000 authorized shares, of which 10,000 are issued and outstanding. Juxing HK is wholly owned by Ruifeng BVI.

• The Pengze WFOE. The Pengze WFOE is a wholly foreign-owned limited company incorporated on December 9, 2021, under the laws of the PRC, and is wholly owned by Juxing HK. The Pengze WFOE has been issued a business license (No. 91440300MA5H435M3C) by Shenzhen Administration For Market Regulation on December 9, 2021.

• Gongwuyuan. Gongwuyuan is a limited liability company incorporated under laws of PRC on October 23, 2017, and the current shareholders are: Shenzhen Jiajun Enterprise Management Partnership (LP), Dongguan Zhihe Enterprise Management Partnership (LP), Yangpu Ruiheng Enterprise Management Partnership (LP), Haikou Financial Investment Enterprise Management Partnership (LP), Zhang Weilai, Liang Wenhao, Fang Bendian, Shanghai Hezhuo Enterprise Management Center (LP) and Guangdong Yifang Investment Group Ltd. Gongwuyuan currently holds a business license (No. 91440300MA5ET5MM0Y) issued by Shenzhen Administration for Market Regulation. Through a series of contractual agreements, The Pengze WFOE consolidates the financial results of the VIE and its subsidiaries.

Table of Contents

The following diagram illustrates our corporate structure as of the date of this registration statement. Unless otherwise specified, equity interests depicted in this diagram are held 100%. The relationships between WFOE and Gongwuyuan as illustrated in this diagram are governed by the Contractual Arrangements and do not constitute equity ownership.

Table of Contents

We are an offshore holding company incorporated in the Cayman Islands. As a holding company, we have no material operations and conduct our operations in China through the Contractual Arrangements, with the VIE entity and its subsidiaries, or collectively, “the PRC operating entities”.

This is an offering of our Ordinary Shares instead of shares of the VIE or any of the PRC operating entities; therefore, our investors may never directly hold equity interests in the PRC operating entities. You are not investing in the PRC operating entities as neither we nor our subsidiaries own any share or equity interest in the PRC operating entities. Instead, we consolidate the financial results of Gongwuyuan as the primary beneficiary through the Contractual Arrangements between our indirectly wholly-foreign owned subsidiary entity, Shandong Shenzhen Pengze Future Technology Co., Ltd (“Pengze WFOE”), and Gongwuyuan.

Contractual Arrangements among Pengze WFOE, Gongwuyuan, and the Shareholders of the VIE

Pengze WFOE, an indirect wholly-foreign owned subsidiary of Baiya, and Gongwuyuan as well as certain shareholders of Gongwuyuan entered into a series of Contractual Arrangements in December 2021. The Contractual Arrangements are designed to allow Baiya to consolidate Gongwuyuan’s operations and financial results in Baiya’s financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP as the primary beneficiary. This is a public offering of the ordinary shares of Baiya. Gongwuyuan, the VIE, and its PRC subsidiary are the entities conducting the operation in the PRC. Neither Baiya nor its subsidiaries own any equity interests in the PRC operating entities.

Recently, the PRC regulatory authorities initiated a series of regulatory actions and statements that affected overseas securities offering, listing and certain industries, including cracking down on illegal activities in the securities market, enhancing supervision over overseas listing of domestic enterprises, adopting new measures to extend the scope of cybersecurity reviews, and expanding the efforts in anti-monopoly enforcement. As we chose such VIE structure, we understand that we are subject to certain risks and uncertainties that may not otherwise exist if we had direct equity ownership in the operating entities. The VIE structure has inherent risks that may affect your investment, including less effectiveness and certainties than direct ownership and potential substantial costs to enforce the terms of the Contractual Arrangements. See “Risk Factors — Risks relating to the VIE Structure — We rely on Contractual Arrangements with the VIE and certain shareholders of the VIE to consolidate financial results of the PRC operating entities. We do not have an equity ownership in, direct foreign investment in, or control of, through such ownership or investment, the VIE.” Due to uncertainties regarding the interpretation and application of relevant PRC laws and regulations in connection with the VIE structure or VIE Agreements, our ability to enforce the VIE Agreements could be substantially hampered. See “Risk Factors — Risks Relating to Doing Business in China — The PRC legal system is evolving, and the PRC laws and regulations governing our current business operations may be updated and amended from time to time which could adversely affect us.” Furthermore, these Contractual Arrangements may not be enforceable in China if PRC government authorities or courts take a view that such Contractual Arrangements contravene PRC laws and regulations or are otherwise not enforceable for public policy reasons. See “Risk Factors — Risks relating to the VIE Structure — The relevant PRC regulatory authorities may find that the Contractual Arrangements with the VIE and its shareholders to operate our business in China do not comply with applicable PRC Laws, or if these applicable PRC Laws or the interpretation of existing applicable PRC Laws change in the future, we could be subject to severe penalties or be forced to relinquish our interests in those operations. Additionally, such determination by the PRC regulatory authorities and changes or interpretations in PRC Laws, if occurred, may cause significant decline in the value of our shares, or even render our shares worthless.” In the event we are unable to enforce these Contractual Arrangements, we may not be able to exert effective control over Gongwuyuan, and our ability to conduct our business may be materially and adversely affected. For more information, see “Risk Factors — Risks relating to the VIE Structure — The relevant PRC regulatory authorities may find that the Contractual Arrangements with the VIE and its shareholders to operate our business in China do not comply with applicable PRC Laws, or if these applicable PRC Laws or the interpretation of existing applicable PRC Laws change in the future, we could be subject to severe penalties or be forced to relinquish our interests in those operations. Additionally, such determination by the PRC regulatory authorities and changes or interpretations in PRC Laws, if occurred, may cause significant decline in the value of our shares, or even render our shares worthless.”

Table of Contents

Business Operation Agreement. The Pengze WFOE entered into a business operation agreement with Gongwuyuan and certain shareholders of the VIE on December 29, 2021, pursuant to which (1) Gongwuyuan shall not enter into any transaction which may materially affect its assets, businesses, employees, obligations, rights or operations without the written consent of the Pengze WFOE or any other party designated by the Pengze WFOE; (2) Gongwuyuan and certain shareholders agree to accept suggestions by the Pengze WFOE in respect of the employment and dismissal of Gongwuyuan’s employees, daily operations and financial management of Gongwuyuan; and (3) Gongwuyuan and the shareholders shall appoint the individuals designated by the Pengze WFOE as the directors (including the executive director) of Gongwuyuan, and shall appoint the persons recommended by the Pengze WFOE as the general manager, chief financial officer and other senior management members and officers of Gongwuyuan. The term of the business operation agreement shall be ten (10) years from the effective date unless terminated by the Pengze WFOE upon thirty (30) days advance notice to Gongwuyuan and the shareholders. Upon request by the Pengze WFOE, the parties shall extend the term of the business operation agreement by entering into a new business operation agreement or continue performing the existing business operation agreement.

Exclusive Consulting and Service Agreement. Under the exclusive consulting and service agreement dated December 29, 2021, entered into between the Pengze WFOE and Gongwuyuan, the Pengze WFOE shall have the exclusive right to provide Gongwuyuan with consulting and related services. Such services include:

(a) Research and development services of business-related software;

(b) Providing business-related technical services, applications, and execution, including but not limited to design, installation, and testing of all systems;

(c) Providing daily maintenance support, upgrade, maintenance, monitoring, and troubleshooting of computer network equipment and other technical services;

(d) Pre-job, on-the-job, and technical training services for personnel;

(e) Technology development and transfer services;

(f) Public relations services;

(g) Market research and consulting services (excluding market research services that are prohibited by the laws of the People’s Republic of China for foreign-invested enterprises);

(h) Services for the formulation of medium and short-term market development and market plans;

(i) Consulting services related to business compliance;

(j) Organization and planning services related to marketing and customer activities;

(k) Intellectual property licenses;

(l) Equipment provision and rental; and

(m) Management consulting services and other business and technical consulting services related to business operation.

Table of Contents

defect or Gongwuyuan shall bear the loss caused to the Pengze WFOE. As consideration, Gongwuyuan agrees to pay the ninety-five percent (95%) of its pre-tax profit, for each profitable fiscal year, and deducting any loss (if any) in the previous year, the necessary costs, expenses, taxes incurred in the year and the withdrawn statutory reserve fund that must be withdrawn according to law by the Pengze WFOE.

The Exclusive Consulting and Service Agreement between Penze WFOE and Gongwuyuan was supplemented on December 21, 2022 to clarify that no consulting service fees pertaining to the agreement need to be paid for the period December 29, 2021 to December 31, 2021.

Table of Contents

In addition, the shareholders shall not transfer any of their shareholders rights and interests in Gongwuyuan to any individual or other company other than the Pengze WFOE or any person or entity designated by the Pengze WFOE. The agency agreement shall come into effect upon its execution, and may be terminated by the unanimous consent of all parties or unilaterally by the Pengze WFOE with a thirty (30) days advance notice.

Spousal Consent Letter. Each spouse of relevant individual shareholders of Gongwuyuan has signed a Spousal Consent Letter. Under the Spousal Consent Letter, agreeing that the signing spouse has unconditionally and irrevocably agreed that the disposition of the equity interest in Gongwuyuan which is held by and registered under the name of his or her spouse shall be made pursuant to the above-mentioned Business Operation Agreement and Powers of Attorney, Equity Disposal Agreement, Equity Pledge Agreement, and Agency Agreement, signed by his or her spouse, as amended from time to time. Each of the signing spouse undertakes to take necessary actions to ensure the performance of above-mentioned VIE agreements.

As we chose such VIE structure, we are subject to certain unique risks and uncertainties that may not otherwise exist if we had direct equity ownership in the PRC operating entities. Because we do not directly hold equity interests in the VIE and its subsidiaries, our Contractual Arrangements may not be effective in providing control over Gongwuyuan. Further, we are subject to risks due to uncertainty of the interpretation and the application of relevant PRC laws and regulations regarding limitations on foreign ownership, regulatory review of overseas listing of PRC companies through a special purpose vehicle, and the validity and enforcement of the Contractual Arrangements. We are also subject to the risks of uncertainty about any future actions of the PRC regulatory authorities in this regard that could disallow the VIE structure, which would likely result in a material change in our operations and/or cause the value of our Ordinary Shares to decrease significantly or become worthless. However, as of the date of this prospectus, the agreements under the Contractual Arrangements have not been tested in any courts of law. For a description of the VIE contractual arrangements, see “Corporate History and Structure — Contractual Arrangements among Pengze WFOE, Gongwuyuan, and the Shareholders of the VIE” starting on page 97 of this prospectus. See “Risk Factors — Risks relating to the VIE Structure — The relevant PRC regulatory authorities may find that the Contractual Arrangements with the VIE and its shareholders to operate our business in China do not comply with applicable PRC Laws, or if these applicable PRC Laws or the interpretation of existing applicable PRC Laws change in the future, we could be subject to severe penalties or be forced to relinquish our interests in those operations. Additionally, such determination by the PRC regulatory authorities and changes or interpretations in PRC Laws, if occurred, may cause significant decline in the value of our shares, or even render our shares worthless; — We rely on Contractual Arrangements with the VIE and certain shareholders of the VIE to consolidate financial results of the PRC operating entities. We do not have an equity ownership in, direct foreign investment in, or control of, through such ownership or investment, the VIE” on page 37 to 38 of this prospectus.

According to our PRC legal counsel, under current effective PRC laws and regulations, we and the PRC operating entities are not required to obtain permission or approval from the PRC authorities including CSRC or CAC to issue the Ordinary Shares to foreign investors, nor have we, or the PRC operating entities, applied for or received any denial for the Registration. However, recently, the General Office of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the General Office of the State Council jointly issued the “Opinions on Severely Cracking Down on Illegal Securities Activities According to Law,” or the Opinions, which was made available to the public on July 6, 2021. The Opinions emphasized the need to strengthen the administration over illegal securities activities, and the need to strengthen the supervision over overseas listings by Chinese companies. Effective measures, such as promoting the construction of relevant regulatory systems will be taken to deal with the risks and incidents of China-concept overseas listed companies, and cybersecurity and data privacy protection requirements and similar matters. The Opinions and any related implementing rules to be enacted may subject us to compliance requirement in the future. Given some applicable laws and regulations were newly issued, there involve uncertainties regarding their interpretation and application, which can change quickly with little notice, we cannot assure you that relevant PRC government agencies would reach the same conclusion as we do or as advised by our PRC legal counsel. However, (i) if we inadvertently concluded that such permissions or approvals are not required, or (ii) if the CSRC, the Cyberspace Administration of China or other regulatory PRC agencies later promulgate new rules requiring that we obtain their approvals to issue the Ordinary Shares to foreign investors, and we are unable to obtain a waiver of such approval requirements, then our operations, financial conditions, and results of operations could be adversely affected, directly or indirectly, and even we may not be able to list on a U.S. exchange. In addition, any uncertainties and/or negative publicity regarding such an approval requirement could have a material adverse effect on the trading price of our securities.

100

Table of Contents

INDUSTRY

Industry Overview

This section contains certain estimates and information from a May 2022 industry report commissioned by us and prepared by iResearch Co., Ltd, a market research firm (“iResearch”), regarding VIE’s industries and its market positions in China, which have not been independently verified by us, the underwriters or any of their respective affiliates or advisers. The information in such sources may not be consistent with other information compiled in or outside of China.

iResearch Report

We commissioned iResearch, a market research and consulting company, to analyze and prepare a report regarding the online recruitment crowdsourcing market. iResearch received a service fee pursuant to a service agreement reached by arm’s length negotiation. We considered that the payment of the fee does not affect the fairness of conclusions drawn in the iResearch Report. Founded in 2002, iResearch is a provider of insights into China’s internet space and global fastest-growing sectors as well as value-added corporate services. It offers a wide range of services including big data insights and forecasts, industry research and corporate consulting, investment and post-investment services. The information set forth in this section was extracted from the iResearch Report. The information and data mainly obtained by iResearch through desk research, industry interviews, market survey, and other research methods in accordance with iResearch statistical forecast model. Corporate data are mainly obtained through interviews and are for reference only. Some data published in this report is based on sampling method and is therefore influenced by sample structure.

Except as otherwise noted, all the data and forecasts in this section are derived from the iResearch Report. We believe that there has been no material change in the market information since the date of the iResearch Report which may qualify, contradict or have an impact on the information in this section. However, we have not undertaken to update any information contained in the iResearch Report which speaks only as of the date of its report.

The Online China Recruitment Crowdsourcing Market

According to the iResearch report, the National Bureau of Statistics of China reported that there are about 400 million blue-collar workers in China’s labor force. This increase in the number of flexible workers in China paved the way for the development of the online China recruitment crowdsourcing market, which has become an integral part of the flexible employment market helping companies recruit workers and manage human resource functions for flexible workers.

Drivers

Traditionally, employment in China has been designed around a long-term employment model. Employment recruitment in China generally occurs during on-site job fairs, or through online job platforms to fill open positions within a company. The rapid development of the flexible employment, a relatively new employment model in China, in recent years is mainly driven by the following factors:

1. Economic development cycle. Flexible employment is highly related to the economic development cycle as it is always significantly affected by economic fluctuation, For example, there are more labor needs during periods of economic expansion versus fewer labor needs during periods of recession. As the epidemic situation becomes more normalized in China, many new business models have emerged in the service sector, providing grounds for hiring workers on flexible terms. In addition, the COVID-19 pandemic not only led to an increase in employee mobility, with more workers seeking job changes or due to relocation, but also a decrease in job stability of companies. As a result, there has been an increase in demand for workers to fill job vacancies, which has promoted the appeal of flexible employment for companies;

101

Table of Contents

2. Rising labor cost. As a result of China’s accelerated aging of its population and decreased efficiency in matching large numbers of workers with the growing demands of employers since 2015, China has witnessed a slight decline in labor force, rising labor cost, increased recruitment difficulty and a growing long-term structural gap of employment needs;

3. Normalization of COVID-19 pandemic prevention and control. Due to COVID-19 in early 2020, China’s population mobility was impeded, resulting in the halting of work and production by some companies. This resulted in an unstable employment situation, due to a large number of employees losing their jobs and employment difficulties faced by businesses and enterprises at the same time. However, from 2019 to 2021, the ratio of job vacancies to job seekers continued to rise, which makes a flexible employment arrangement more suitable for companies facing hiring difficulties;

102

Table of Contents

4. Empowering of Flexible Labor through Technological Advancement. As digitalization becomes more commonplace in China’s national economy, businesses and enterprises are now moving towards digital transformation, and the use of artificial intelligence (AI), big data and other technologies are being applied to the human resource management industry. Further, the application of HR SaaS technology in human resource management in the areas of talent acquisition, onboarding, education, and retention continues to drive the development of the flexible employment industry.

The Market and Status Quo

Blue-collar Workers as Main Target of Flexible Employment

The flexible employment market can be understood in two parts, (i) recruitment methods including outsourcing, crowdsourcing, internship and part-time job, and (ii) recruitment targets including white-collar workers and blue-collar workers. According to iResearch, blue-collar workers stand out with the highest proportion in flexible employment, with an impressive 56.5% in just 2021, primarily benefiting from easy training and transferable skills.

103

Table of Contents

Blue-collar workers account for a significant proportion of the flexible employment market. In terms of blue-collar worker flexible employment platform, there are sufficient blue-collar talents in the pool. According to China’s National Bureau of Statistics, there are about 400 million blue-collar workers among the 900 million labor force, twice as many as the white-collar workers. Within companies employing traditional blue-collar workers, these general labor worker positions are more suitable for uniform training and standardizing based on business operations on a large scale. This allows the needs of employers for blue-collar workers to be more easily quantified, standardized and scaled in relation to on-going operation needs. Flexible employment provides a convenient and efficient way for employers to contract workers and allocate workers as needed in their business operations.

Three Cores in Flexible Employment

As a specific mode in human resource service, flexible employment involves three cores — employers, human resource service providers and job seekers.

1. Corporate Employers. Corporate employers feature the most employment needs. As there can be employment fluctuation in companies during different development periods, flexible employment can mitigate the shortage of talents at peaks and the brain waste at the trough, enabling faster and cheaper recruitment while externalizing risks in recruitment, selection, management and benefits. However, there are still challenges regarding flexible employment that companies face. On the one hand, due to the imbalance of information and resources available to employers and job seekers, the qualification of employees cannot be guaranteed so that employment management may seem uncontrollable; on the other hand, as there is no long term employment relationships between workers and the corporate employers, the lack of sense of belonging of workers is a common problem in this marketplace.

2. Human Resource. Human resource service providers transform themselves to follow the trend of flexible employment by introducing digital technologies including cloud and big data. Horizontally, they expand recruitment occasions from on-line ones to off-line ones; vertically, they expand their services chains and hold responsible for recruitment results. In a word, human resource service providers need to accumulate available flexible labor resources to improve the delivery of recruitment results.

3. Job Seekers. Job seekers, especially blue-collar workers, can get more job opportunities through flexible employment. However, flexible employment reduces job stability and social security, resulting in unequal pay for same jobs and unfair treatment.

104

Table of Contents

Policies Related to Flexible Employment

China has made a number of policies regarding flexible employment in recent five years. Those policies can be divided into two categories: ones to promote the diversified development of flexible employment in more industries, and the other is to ensure healthy and orderly development of flexible employment in terms of the normal protection of rights and interests of employees.

105

Table of Contents

Market Size

Recruitment Crowdsourcing Market

According to the iResearch Report, the compound annual growth rate, or CAGR, of the flexible employment market was 41% from 2017 to 2021 and the market size of the flexible employment market reached 814.5 billion RMB in 2021. It is forecasted that the CAGR of the flexible employment market will grow 26.2% between 2022 and 2024, and its market size in 2024 is estimated to reach 1683.4 billion RMB.

The recruitment crowdsourcing market currently accounts for approximately 30% of the flexible employment market. The CAGR of the recruitment crowdsourcing market was 56% between 2017 and 2021, and its market size reached 244.4 billion RMB in 2021. The CAGR of the recruitment crowdsourcing market is estimated to be 28.3% between 2022 and 2024, and its market size is forecasted to reach 521.9 billion RMB in 2024.

106

Table of Contents

In terms of revenue, blue-collar workers account for approximately 45% of the recruitment crowdsourcing market, and white-collar workers account for approximately 25%.

HR SaaS Market

The CAGR of HR SaaS market between 2016 and 2021 was 41.7%. In 2021, the market size reached CNY 3.8 billion. While between 2022 and 2025, the CAGR is estimated to remain at 38.7% and the market size in 2024 is expected to reach CNY 14.2 billion.

107

Table of Contents

Competition

Flexible Employment Service Providers

In the current Chinese market, there are a number of HR service providers involved in flexible employment. Generally, HR service providers belong to three groups: integrated service providers, vertical service providers and labor management service providers. Integrated service providers include traditional companies offline HR management service companies and platform-based companies. Vertical service provides include part-time job platform, outsourcing platforms and crowdsourcing platforms. Labor management service providers include HR management service providers, welfare guarantee service providers and payroll and tax service providers.

In terms of revenues, ManpowerGroup, Career International and Renrui Human Resources rank as the top three companies among flexible employment service providers, with Career International (CR3) representing 8.0% of the market share, indicating that the competition among the flexible employment service providers is still in the early stages.

108

Table of Contents

Recruitment Crowdsourcing Platform

According to the iResearch Report, the revenue of recruitment crowdsourcing platforms accounts for approximately 30% of the total revenue achieved by the flexible employment market. In China, recruitment crowdsourcing platforms are typically vertical platforms or integrated platforms. Under the vertical platforms, crowdsourcing recruitment may be further classified by type of work or by field.

Currently in China, there are two main business models for recruitment crowdsourcing platforms: sharing-based and recruitment-based.

• Sharing-based platform means that the recruitment crowdsourcing platform provides task distribution service for organizations with employment demands by virtue of its own traffic advantages. The cooperative services mainly include: (1) free and open ecological cooperation service by platform with a number of clients for tasks featuring lower difficulty but more participants; and (2) paid information agency services, which is more common in the market; and

• Recruitment-based platform means that the recruitment crowdsourcing platform accepts the task from cooperative companies and serves as the bridge to help those companies distribute task packages to the general public or headhunters.

109

Table of Contents

BUSINESS

Overview

Through Gongwuyuan, the VIE, we are building a human resource (“HR”) technology company utilizing our cloud-based internet platform to provide one-stop crowdsourcing recruitment and SaaS-enabled HR solutions in the flexible employment marketplace (the “Gongwuyuan Platform”). Our business currently focuses on four (4) primary services: (i) job matching services; (ii) entrusted recruitment services; (iii) project outsourcing services; and (iv) labor dispatching services in the flexible employment market within China, primarily in the core manufacturing regions including the Pearl River Delta and Yangtze River Delta region. With respect to labor dispatching services, however, we are strategically reducing this service, considering the negative gross profit historically.

Prior to 2022, we primarily conducted these services offline, while we utilized Gongwuyuan Platform for lead generation. Gongwuyuan may, from time to time, also recruit freelancers and workers to outsourcing and dispatch requests, which may include postings of available jobs for fulfillment through various third party platforms that Gongwuyuan cooperates with. As of this report date, our services cover over 5 provinces and 30 cities.

Gongwuyuan will continue to integrate digital technologies onto its platform, including crowdsourcing, big data and artificial intelligence, which we believe will enhance our capability to provide platform-based crowdsourcing recruitment and HR management services. The use of the crowdsourcing recruitment platform streamlines the process for efficient job matching and bulk recruitment of blue-collar workers for corporate businesses. In addition to its current focus on providing the four primary types of services in the flexible employment market, Gongwuyuan has further developed the Gongwuyuan Platform to include additional product features and services, such as human resource management, payroll and advances, electronic contracts and pay slips, and Yun Dan Bao, an optional feature that provides payment assurance for transactions through our Gongwuyuan Platform (“Yun Dan Bao”).

Through the Gongwuyuan Platform, we expect to provide effective solutions for employment matching of blue-collar workers with business enterprises and institutions, often as bulk transactions, through its innovative and intelligent crowdsourcing and HR management system. In addition, Gongwuyuan’s payment assurance service through Yun Dan Bao will be able to provide certain payment assurance for blue-collar workers, if Customers or Employing Companies opt in for this feature. Further, Gongwuyuan intends to provide a variety of other HR management and post-employment services through its Gongwuyuan Platform, including intelligent HR management, payroll and advances services, electronic contracts, electronic pay slips, direct deposit services and worker training programs. These integrated products and resources on a single platform will add business values to our customers by providing one-stop SaaS-enabled HR solutions in the flexible employment market, and to establish more standardized industry standards for blue-collar workers.

110

Table of Contents

Current Business Models for Our Primary Services

The following is an overview of the business models for our four primary services:

Job Matching. For our job matching services, we act as an intermediary to connect Employing Companies with HR Service Companies to fulfill the labor needs of Employing Companies. The Employing Company will release employment and labor needs to Gongwuyuan, and Gongwuyuan will confirm such work information such as the number of workers, working hours and types of jobs with the services and resources that the HR Service Company are able to provide. The Employing Company has the discretion to select the HR Service Company to provide the requisite labor needs and Gongwuyuan acts as an agent in this service model. For our Job Matching services, Gongwuyuan receives a service fee from the Employing Company based on the total labor recruitment.

Entrusted Recruitment. Our entrusted recruitment service is currently one of the main revenue drivers for Gongwuyuan. Our entrusted recruitment service helps to maintain a stable business relationship among Gongwuyuan, the Employing Company and HR Service Company, while benefiting from high customer stickiness and a large blue-collar labor base with high recruitment frequency and turnover of approximately twice a year. Under this service model, the Employing Company directly submits their labor recruitment requirements to Gongwuyuan for their labor needs, which typically include the number of workers they need, work hours, the preferred/required skill sets, etc. (the “Overall Work Arrangement”). Once the Overall Work Arrangement is established, Gongwuyuan will confirm the information regarding the labor needs of the Employing Company and enter into an entrustment recruitment agreement with the Employing Company. Subsequently, Gongwuyuan will negotiate with the HR Service Company to organize the needed blue-collar workers, which includes providing employment information to the workers and registering basic personal information of the workers.

Unlike our job matching service model, the identities of the Employing Companies and the HR Service Companies are mutually confidential, and the Employing Companies are not able to select the HR Service Company and also do not have direct contact with the HR Service Companies; instead, Gongwuyuan has the discretion to select suitable HR Service Companies to fulfill the labor needs of the Employing Companies.

During the effective duration of the entrustment service, Gongwuyuan will maintain regular communication with Employing Company to collect feedback on the performance and suitability of the contracted blue-collar workers during the service period and to resolve any issues. For example, if any previously contracted workers resign or were terminated during the service period, Gongwuyuan will coordinate with HR Services Companies to provide the Employing Companies affected with new workers to fulfill their recruitment needs during such service period. Gongwuyuan receives a service fee from the Employing Companying for utilizing its entrusted recruitment service.

111

Table of Contents

Project Outsourcing. Under our project outsourcing service model, Gongwuyuan fulfills the outsourced labor assignments of the Customers. We enter into various contracts with Customers for their labor assignments (project-based) and outsource these assignments to HR Service Companies. The primary focus of this service is to complete and address the particular workload needs of the Customer. The Customer submits its required workload to Gongwuyuan, which includes but is not limited to the number of assignments to be completed and the timeframe for completion of the assignments etc. Once the work arrangement is finalized, Gongwuyuan makes arrangements with HR Service Companies for the organization of the needed workers for the completion of these project-based assignments. Gongwuyuan receives a service fee from the Customer based on an accumulation of assignments completed for the month.

Labor Dispatch. In this service model, we dispatch our workers directly to the Customers, and no third-party HR Service Companies are involved. The Customers submit their labor needs to Gongwuyuan, and we directly arrange for the dispatch of the needed workers to the Customer. Gongwuyuan is responsible for the payment of wages to our dispatched workers, and reserves a service fee from the Customer based upon the total number of working hours.

Services Through the Gongwuyuan Platform

We believe that the further development and adoption of our Gongwuyuan Platform will strengthen our business growth in our primary service areas.

As of October 15, 2023, the Gongwuyuan Platform includes features such as the Yun Dan Bao payment assurance, intelligent HR management system, electronic contracts management system, payroll and advance systems. The Gongwuyuan Platform is available as a mobile application, in both iOS and Android systems, with two versions: a) enterprise version, customized for institutional end-users, and b) individual version, customized for individual workers, available for download on certain major application stores, such as the Apple App Store (China), and android app store, integrated with leading applications, such as Tencent, WeChat, and Alipay. The Gongwuyuan Platform is also available as a web-based online platform through www.gwyapp.com.

Through its intelligent management transaction system and SaaS tools, the Gongwuyuan Platform connects HR and labor resource companies with business enterprises on a single platform, allowing an efficient matching of job-seeking blue-collar workers with the labor recruitment needs of businesses. The incorporation of Gongwuyuan’s innovative and intelligent management transaction system into the Gongwuyuan Platform enables Gongwuyuan to facilitate the cooperation among workers, enterprises and human resource and labor service companies. The Gongwuyuan Platform also integrates certain human resource management services for businesses and enterprises into the same platform, which allows businesses to easily review its employment situation conveniently on a single application. Further, departments within companies are able to access all human resources information across a single platform, which enables management conformity, improves manpower and efficacy, and increases efficiency of business resources. This promotes the standardization of the employment process for blue-collar workers in large businesses and enterprises, improving compliance with national and/or regional labor requirements, and help to create a more centralized and vertical human resource management structure.

112

Table of Contents

There are two different versions of the Gongwuyuan Platform. The enterprise version of the Gongwuyuan Platform tailored for businesses and institutions consists of (i) SaaS-enabled HR management services, (ii) business partnerships and cooperation resources, and (iii) job postings and labor supply resources sharing services, which includes access to its payment assurance feature (“Yun Dan Bao”). The personal version is customized for blue-collar individual job seekers with job search feature.

While our products can be used as separate modules and features, they are also integrated into the Gongwuyuan Platform system and function interactively among all our products and services available on the Gongwuyuan Platform.

The following is a description of the integrated products and services available as individual modules on the Gongwuyuan Platform:

• Blue-Collar Recruitment. Gongwuyuan allows employers to post information about recruitment opportunities, manage their ongoing recruitment and view current interest in open positions, which allows companies to efficiently meet their employment needs at a low cost.

• “Yun Dan Bao” Payment Assurance Services. Yun Dan Bao is a recruitment transaction management system with opt-in feature made available on the Gongwuyuan Platform, that provides payment assurance for workers recruited through the system. Through this system, job-seeking workers, Customers, Employing Companies and HR Service Companies conduct transactions with a higher standard of trust, which promotes rapid and efficient job matching in the flexible employment market. The Yun Dan Bao system integrates and optimizes data for labor, skills, locations, and other employment requirements to match individual workers to the diverse needs to businesses and enterprises.

• Intelligent HR Management. A one-click integrated management system for recruitment, payroll, payroll advance, and electronic contract management system, which covers personnel management, personnel scheduling and adjustment of employee salaries within the labor industry.

• Payroll and Advances services. Gongwuyuan provides integrated payroll services which allows for salary advances, approval of advances and accounting of such advances. Employees can initiate applications for payroll advances through a one-click application on the Gongwuyuan Platform, and receive advances upon approval by their managing employer. The payroll advance process is online, real time, data-based and traceable, and each managing employer can review advances through the Gongwuyuan Platform.

• Electronic Contracts. Gongwuyuan provides electronic management of contracts through its Gongwuyuan Platform, which supports online automatic filing of contracts, permanent encrypted storage, multi-entry contracting and online entry into contracts, including through WeChat, Gongwuyuan app and through its website.

• Electronic Payslips and Direct Deposit Services. Gongwuyuan provides electronic payslips with itemized wages to registered workers through its Gongwuyuan Platform, which allows employers and workers to review the salary payments and maintain digital record of the salary history. In addition, Gongwuyuan provides integrated salary services through its cooperation with China Merchants Bank, Alipay, WeChat and other financial institutions, which allows employees to use different bank accounts and cards to receive their salaries through its 24/7 real-time batch payroll system. The Gongwuyuan Platform also provides smart-batch electronic salary services with no payroll template requirements. Each employer can upload their payroll information in Excel form to the system, and be provided a real-time view of its employees payroll status online through the app.

113

Table of Contents

Market Opportunity and Growth Strategy

Gongwuyuan’s long-term objective is to expand its business coverage to include information technology services, online platforms to link schools and enterprises, and online training programs for workers. Gongwuyuan has begun to accumulate strategic resources and conduct market research in order to enhance its strategic position and future development in the field of blue-collar employments in the following areas:

• Information technology services: Gongwuyuan intends to expand its products and services to provide and support information technology services to enhance the user experiences for personnel management systems and other HR SaaS services.

• Serving new participants such as schools and enterprises through online platforms: Gongwuyuan believes that absorbing new participants for its online platforms would be an important driving force for its business expansion and increase. Gongwuyuan has engaged in discussions with vocational colleges for potential strategic cooperation opportunities. As of October 31, 2022, Gongwuyuan has expanded cooperation plans to more than 230 vocational and technical colleges, primarily in the Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan, Shaanxi, and Jiangxi provinces. Gongwuyuan believes that its continued cooperative developments with these vocational and technical colleges are strong opportunities for its business growth, and would enable Gongwuyuan to enhance its strategic position in the field of blue-collar employment and within the flexible employment market. Gongwuyuan plans to attract more new participants for its online platforms in the future, and diversity the services provided for the platform participants.

• Provide online training programs for workers: Gongwuyuan has identified online training for blue-collar workers as a new service opportunity within the flexible employment industry, especially in online training for vocational skills. Gongwuyuan is currently conducting pilot programs for online vocational skills training on the Gongwuyuan Platform and is looking into cooperation opportunities with vocational and technical schools. Gongwuyuan’s initial market research suggests that there are substantial demand and opportunities for improving vocational skills, largely in part due to the national education reform and favorable policies for vocational education. We anticipate that Gongwuyuan’s strategic cooperation with vocational colleges to provide targeted vocational skills to facilitate job matching between blue-collar workers and Customers/Employing Companies, combined with the continued demand for vocational education will become a new growth point for its business in the future.

Strategic Advantages

Gongwuyuan believes that it has the following strengths, which provide it with a competitive advantage and opportunity over its competitors:

• Resources. Gongwuyuan currently has 6,456 company clients registered on the Gongwuyuan Platform and has established cooperation plans with more than 230 vocational and technical colleges. We have established over 20 subsidiaries/branches throughout China, and have operations over ten thousand HR online communities. We believe that we currently have the capacity to dispatch sufficient labor workers through HR services companies to meet the evolving market demand for blue-collar workers. We believe our resources will allow us to achieve our service standard guarantee “3-7-15” through our platform, which assures Customers and Employing Companies that we are able to fulfill their employment needs within 3 days if the selected workers are in the same city as the Customer and Employing Company, 7 days if within the same province, and 15 days if across provinces. This service standard allows us to remain competitive in fulfilling enterprises’ needs in an efficient and cost-effective manner.

• Commitment to Brand. Gongwuyuan is committed in building its brand, and we believe that we have the opportunity to continue to grow awareness of our brand through word of mouth, brand marketing and strategic partnerships. We focus on enhancing our technology infrastructure of the platform to build the “Gongwuyuan” brand. Gongwuyuan is the first recruitment crowdsourcing platform to provide a “payment assurance” feature to Employing Companies and workers. Gongwuyuan has twenty (20) software copyright registrations and three (3) trademark registrations in the PRC.

114

Table of Contents

• Innovative Platform. We believe Gongwuyuan’s innovative platform will significantly improve customer experience by increasing efficiency and transparency for job matching in the flexible employment market in different geographic regions. In addition, “Yun Dan Bao” provides an opt-in feature for payment assurance that encourages trust among workers and employers. Further, the platform also utilizes HR SaaS-enabled tools to provide human resources management services such as intelligent HR management, electronic contracts, payrolls and salary advances, direct deposits and electronic pay-slips to add business values to our customers.

• Efficient Performance. We believe that the Gongwuyuan Platform, when fully developed, will significantly improve the efficiency of bulk-recruitment in the flexible employment marketplace, by streamlining the recruitment process among Customers, Employing Companies, HR Service Companies and blue-collar workers in different geographic areas. Further, the platform will provide better employment management solutions to Employment Companies by utilizing HR SaaS-enabled tools on the platform.

Competition

Gongwuyuan primarily competes with other recruitment crowdsourcing and HR management service providers in China. Our primary competitors include traditional integrated service providers (e.g. ManpowerGroup, Renrui Human Resources, Career International, and FSG), platform-based companies (e.g. Dianmi Network Technology and Joyowo), other flexible employment crowdsourcing platforms and labor management service providers.

Seasonality

We experience fluctuations due to seasonal variations in demand for blue-collar workers and human resource related services. Fluctuations in the level of recruitment activity for blue-collar workers and human resource needs occur due to changes in the overall economic, market and social conditions in China. Our operating results have fluctuated in the past and may continue to fluctuate depending upon a number of factors, many of which are out of our control. For example, recruitment numbers tend to be higher during holidays and end of the year, and the demand for human resource services is reliant on the needs of employers as well as their perceptions of the job market. Such uncertainty makes it difficult for us to predict operating results on a period-to-period basis.

Sales and Marketing

We believe the success of our business and continued expansion of our services requires building mutually beneficial long-term business relationships with our strategic partners, on both regional and national levels. Towards that goal, we have developed marketing strategies through diverse marketing channels, including social media, industry conferences, online advertising platforms, etc.

We have cultivated and maintained cooperation and partnerships with a number of agencies, labor recruitment and outsourcing companies in the provinces we conduct our business in. We have a dedicated sales and marketing team which focuses on developing our relationship with these companies over China. Our cooperation with these companies have significantly improved our marketing efforts, through direct recommendations to vocational colleges, other human resource companies and potential employers which require large scale of blue-collar worker recruitment and human resources management services. In addition, our cooperative initiatives with the local and national government agencies provide us with effective channels to promote and demonstrate our Gongwuyuan Platform and our crowdsourcing recruitment and human resource services to local businesses.

We are actively seeking new and effective marketing channels in order to grow and promote our brand and our Gongwuyuan Platform. To facilitate our growth prospects, we are on track to form strategic partnerships with regional businesses nationwide to promote regional cooperation for our crowdsourcing recruitment and human resource services. We also actively participate in industry conferences and summits organized by industry associations and local government delegations to promote our Gongwuyuan Platform, its products and our services.

115

Table of Contents

In addition to our marketing efforts described above, we also market our crowdsourcing recruitment services, HR management services and our Gongwuyuan Platform, through:

• Social media, principally on WeChat where we have established a number of groups in the human resource community, where we promote our business, products and services;

• Online advertising platforms, such as TikTok, WeTV, Tencent Conference for new product launch announcements, customer service sharing sessions and other online promotional activities; and

• Recruitment and product meetings through our partners.

Research and Development

Our Gongwuyuan Platform is a cloud-based internet platform to provide one-stop crowdsourcing recruitment and SaaS-enabled HR solutions in the flexible employment marketplace. Gongwuyuan Platform provides employment matching of blue-collar workers through HR service companies with business enterprises and institutions through its innovative and intelligent management transaction system. In addition, it also provides other crowdsourcing products and services related to employment recruitment, including our Yun Dan Bao payment assurance system.

We plan to continue investing in and improving our Gongwuyuan Platform to further increase user friendliness, functionality and efficiency. In addition, we intend to provide further information technology services and additional platforms in the flexible employment market throughout China. We intend to develop and expand our products in digitalization and SaaS services for human resources. In addition to providing more advanced HR SaaS products and creating a private domain traffic matrix for our enterprise users, we also plan to provide more products in big data analysis for our enterprise users to optimize decision making for their human resources needs. Further, we will also continue development of our information technology services for our Gongwuyuan Platform, including proposed aftermarket services, supply chain and financial services, and to continue building our Gongwuyuan Platform into a comprehensive ecosystem for HR services and products.

Intellectual Property

As of the date of this prospectus, we own one (1) registered layout-design of Integrated Circuit in the PRC, one (1) registered patent in the PRC, seven (7) registered trademarks in the PRC and twenty-five (25) registered software copyrights in the PRC, relating to various aspects of our operations. These registered intellectual properties are crucial to our business. We also own three (3) domain names registered in the PRC, including gwyapp.cn, gwyapp.com and gwyapp.net.

The success of our business depends substantially upon our continued ability to use our brand, trade names and trademarks to increase brand awareness and to further develop our brand. The unauthorized reproduction of our trade names or trademarks could diminish the value of our brand and our market acceptance, competitive advantages or goodwill. In addition, our proprietary information for our Gongwuyuan Platform and associated applications, in which we own 1 registered patent, is a component of our competitive advantage and our growth strategy. To accomplish this, we rely on our trade secrets, including know-how, confidentiality clauses in standard labor agreements and third party nondisclosure agreements, copyright laws, trademarks, intellectual property licenses and other contractual rights to establish and protect our proprietary rights in our technology.

Legal Proceedings

From time to time, we are subject to legal proceedings, investigations, and claims incidental to the conduct of our business. However, litigation is subject to inherent uncertainties and an adverse result in these or other matters may arise from time to time that may harm our business. Except for the arbitration proceeding and legal proceeding disclosed below, we are not currently a party to any legal or arbitration proceeding the outcome of which, if determined adversely to us, would individually or in the aggregate be reasonably expected to have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results, cash flows, or financial condition.

On June 8, 2021, Gongwuyuan applied for arbitration in the Guangzhou Arbitration Commission Dongguan Branch in connection with a loan dispute with Guangdong Jingcheng Education Technology Co., Ltd and Wu Dengtao, pursuant to which Gongwuyuan is claiming that Guangdong Jingcheng Education Technology Co., Ltd and Wu Dengtao repay the loan principal and interest in the aggregate amount of RMB 451,000 and bear certain legal and arbitration expenses. On April 15, 2022, Guangzhou Arbitration Commission Dongguan Branch Gongwuyuan issued an award based

116

Table of Contents

on default judgement in favor of Gongwuyuan, ordering the respondents to repay Gongwuyuan the principal loan amount of RMB 300,000 and legal interests, as well as arbitration fee of RMB 16,991. The arbitral award is final and became effective on April 15, 2022. Respondents are ordered to make the award payment within 10 days of receiving the judgment award. We are currently in the process of enforcing the arbitration award against the respondents in accordance with applicable Chinese law and have not collected the award payment yet.

On November 17, 2022, The Second People’s Court of Zhongshan City, Guangdong Province issued Civil Judgment, stating that Zhongshan Jushangyue shall pay the wage difference of 4,292 yuan to Tang Jianrong for the period from January 1, 2021 to April 30, 2021 upon the legal effectiveness of this judgment. Tang Jianrong appealed the judgment to the Intermediate People’s Court of Zhongshan City. Currently the case is still in the trial stage and has not yet concluded.

There are no proceedings in which any of our directors, officers, or any beneficial shareholder of more than five percent (5%) of our voting securities is an adverse party or has a material interest adverse to us.

Employees

As of June 30, 2023, we have approximately 31 employees in management, operation, and research and development functions across Gongwuyuan and its subsidiaries, and we have approximately 33 labor outsourcing workers for China Post Zhongshan Branch services. Gongwuyuan and its subsidiaries have signed written employment contracts with all of the employees in accordance with PRC Labor Law and PRC Labor Contract Law. None of our employees is covered by collective bargaining contracts. We signed standard labor, confidentiality and non-compete agreements with our employees.

The following table sets forth by function the number of our employees, including employees under Gongwuyuan and its subsidiaries:

Function		As of June 30, 2023
Management		5
Administration		3
Finance		2
Operation		11
Data Information Center		1
Brand Operation Center		4
Research and Development		5
Labor Outsourcing Workers		33
Total		64

Facilities

Through Gongwuyuan, our principal executive office is located at Yifang Capital Industrial Park, No. 33 Pingshan Industrial Road, Building A, 16F, Tangxia, Dongguan, Guangdong, China, under a lease agreement where we lease approximately 1316.9 square meters of office space for monthly rent of approximately RMB94,860.00, and which lease term expires on December 17, 2023. Gongwuyuan’s branch office is located on the 2nd floor, Shop No.20, within the “North Station N Space” shopping mall, in the D1 building of the East Square of Shenzhen North Station, Shenzhen City, under a lease agreement for approximately 313 square meters of office space for annual rent of approximately RMB198,000, and which lease term expires on June 30, 2024.

In addition, we also leased an additional six (6) properties primarily used for office space for our subsidiaries of approximately 389.34 square meters. We believe that our current offices are suitable and adequate to operate our business at this time. We do not own any real property or have any land use rights.

Licenses and Permits

As of the date of this registration statement, some subsidiaries of Gongwuyuan have not reported in writing to the local administrative authority for human resources for establishing branches that engaged in human resources services, and have not completed the reporting and filing procedures for establishing branches that engaged in labor dispatching services. See “Risks Factors — Risks Relating to Doing Business in China — Failure to obtain or renew relevant

117

Table of Contents

requisite licenses, permits, authorization, approvals or certificates from the relevant government authorities related to our business operation could have a material adverse effect on our ability to conduct our business and financial condition”.

Our PRC legal counsel, Jingtian & Gongcheng, has advised that as of the date of this prospectus, except for the foregoing, we have obtained all requisite licenses, permits, approvals and certificates from the relevant government authorities for the VIE’s and the PRC operating entities’ current business operations in the PRC. Further, based on the above and its understanding of the current PRC laws and regulations, our PRC legal counsel, Jingtian & Gongcheng, is of the view that except for the filing procedures with the CSRC and the foregoing and the licences and permits we have already obtained, we and the PRC operating entities are not required to obtain regulatory approval from the CSRC or other PRC authorities for the VIE’s operation and this offering of our Ordinary Shares to foreign investors, or to pass cybersecurity review of the CAC. However, there remain significant uncertainties regarding the interpretation and implementation of relevant PRC laws and regulations, and we cannot assure you that relevant PRC government agencies would reach the same conclusion as we do or as advised by our PRC legal counsel. If (i) we do not receive or maintain those permissions or approvals that are necessary for our operation, or (ii) we inadvertently concluded that such permissions or approvals are not required, or (iii) applicable laws, regulations, or interpretations change and we are required to obtain relevant permissions or approvals in the future, and we are unable to obtain those permissions or approvals in a timely manner or obtain a waiver of those permission or approval requirements, then our operations, financial conditions, and results of operations could be adversely affected, directly or indirectly, and even we may not be able to list on a U.S. national securities exchange. In addition, any uncertainties and/or negative publicity regarding those permission or approval requirement could have a material adverse effect on the trading price of our securities.

The following table sets forth details of our material licenses and permits.

Holder	Licenses and Permits	Certificate No.	Certification Authority	Date of Expiry
Gongwuyuan	Value-added telecommunications business license (增值电信业务经营许可证)	粤B2-20200216	Guangdong Communications Administration	2025.2.23
Gongwuyuan	Human resource service agency record certificate (人力资源服务机构备案凭证)	440342101354	Shenzhen Longhua District Human Resources Bureau	2024.3.31
Dongguan Gongwuyuan Yifang Talent Service Co., Ltd.	Human resource services license (人力资源服务许可证)	441900232020038	Dongguan Human Resources and Social Security Bureau	2026.6.30
Dongguan Gongwuyuan Yifang Talent Service Co., Ltd.	Labor dispatch business license (劳务派遣经营许可证)	441900224166	Dongguan Human Resources and Social Security Bureau	2025.5.8
Shenzhen Aliyuncang Logistics Warehousing Co., Ltd.	Road transport business license (道路运输经营许可证)	粤交运管许可深字440300610432号	Shenzhen Municipal Bureau of Transportation	2025.7.1
Jiujiang Gongwuyuan Yifang Education Consulting Service Co., Ltd.	Human resource services license (人力资源服务许可证)	（赣）人服证字（2020）第0205001413号	Human Resources and Social Security Bureau of Chaisang District, Jiujiang City	2026.7.19
Jiangxi Gongwuyuan Talent Service Co., Ltd.	Human resource services license (人力资源服务许可证)	（赣）人服字（2021）第0909000113号	Anyuan County Administrative Examination and Approval Bureau	2024.2.8
Nanchang Gongwuyuan Business Service Co., Ltd.	Human resource services license (人力资源服务许可证)	（赣）人服证字（2023）第0101002423号	Human Resources and Social Security Bureau of Nanchang County	2028.07.11
Jiangxi Huizhong Human Resources Co., Ltd.	Human resource services license (人力资源服务许可证)	（赣）人服证字（2020）第0208004513号	Gongqingcheng Administrative Examination and Approval Bureau	2025.6.3

118

Table of Contents

REGULATIONS

We are subject to a variety of PRC and foreign laws, rules and regulations across a number of aspects of our business. This section summarizes the principal PRC laws, rules and regulations relevant to our business and operations.

Regulation on Foreign Investment Restrictions

Investment activities in the PRC by foreign investors are principally governed by the Catalog of Industries for Encouraging Foreign Investment (2022 Edition), or the Catalog, as promulgated by the Ministry of Commerce of the People’s Republic of China (“MOFCOM”), and the National Development and Reform Commission (the “NDRC”) on December 27, 2020, and the Special Administrative Measures for Access of Foreign Investment (2021 Edition), or the Negative List (2021), as promulgated on December 27, 2021. According to the Negative List (2021), our value-added telecommunication services are restricted industry, while other businesses operated by us in PRC do not fall into the restricted or prohibited categories. The Negative List (2021) also stipulates that if a domestic enterprise engaged in business in the prohibited investment field issues shares abroad and is listed for trading, it shall be examined and approved by the relevant competent authorities of the state. According to a press release issued by the NDRC in relation to the Negative List (2021), the above provisions are only applicable to the direct overseas listing of domestic enterprises engaged in business in the prohibited investment field. However, provisions on overseas indirect listing of domestic companies are still being formulated and there are no detailed rules in connection with relevant requirements or procedures to obtain approval from relevant competent departments of the state. If relevant governmental authority determines or new future rules provides that we are required to obtain the approval and/or abide by the management requirement, we would have to apply for such approval and/or adjust our current management mechanism. There is no assurance that we will be able to obtain such approval in time or at all.

In addition, a foreign-invested enterprise in the PRC is required to comply with other regulations on its incorporation, operation and changes. On March 15, 2019, the National People’s Congress (“NPC”) adopted the Foreign Investment Law (the “FIL”), which became effective on January 1, 2020. Pursuant to the FIL, PRC will grant national treatment to foreign-invested entities, except for those foreign-invested entities that operate in industries that fall within “restricted” or “prohibited” categories as prescribed in the Negative List (2021) to be released or approved by the State Council.

On December 26, 2019, the State Council promulgated the Implementation Rules to the Foreign Investment Law, which became effective on January 1, 2020. The implementation rules further clarify that the state encourages and promotes foreign investment, protects the lawful rights and interests of foreign investors, regulates foreign investment administration, continues to optimize a foreign investment environment, and advances a higher-level opening. On December 30, 2019, the MOFCOM and SAMR jointly promulgated the Measures for Information Reporting on Foreign Investment, which became effective on January 1, 2020. Pursuant to the Measures for Information Reporting on Foreign Investment, where a foreign investor carries out investment activities in PRC, directly or indirectly, the foreign investor or the foreign-invested enterprise shall submit the investment information to the competent commerce department.

Regulations Relating to Information Security and Censorship

Internet content in China is regulated and restricted from a state security standpoint. The Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress (“the SCNPC”) enacted the Decisions on the Maintenance of Internet Security on December 28, 2000, which was most recently amended on August 27, 2009, providing that the following activities conducted through the internet are subject to criminal liabilities: (i) gaining improper entry into any of the computer information networks relating to state affairs, national defensive affairs, or cutting-edge science and technology; (ii) violation of relevant provisions of the State in the form of unauthorized interruption of any computer network or communication service, as a result of which the computer network or communication system cannot function normally; (iii) spreading rumor, slander or other harmful information via the internet for the purpose of inciting subversion of the state political power; (iv) stealing or divulging state secrets, intelligence or military secrets via internet; (v) marketing fake and substandard products or carrying out false publicity for any commodity or service; or (vi) infringing on intellectual property.

On November 7, 2016, the SCNPC promulgated the Cyber Security Law of the People’s Republic of China (the “Cyber Security Law”), which became effective on June 1, 2017, pursuant to which network operators shall comply with laws and regulations and fulfill their obligations to safeguard security of the network when conducting business and providing services. Those who provide services through networks including us shall take technical measures and

119

Table of Contents

other necessary measures pursuant to laws, regulations and compulsory national requirements to safeguard the safe and stable operation of the networks, respond to network security incidents effectively, prevent illegal and criminal activities, and maintain the integrity, confidentiality and usability of network data, and the network operator shall prevent network data from being divulged, stolen or falsified. In addition, any network operator that collects personal information shall follow the principles of legitimacy, rationality and necessity. Network operators shall neither gather personal information unrelated to the services they provide, nor gather or use personal information in violation of the provisions of laws and administrative regulations or the agreements arrived at. Network operators of key information infrastructure shall store within the territory of the PRC all the personal information and important data collected and produced within the territory of PRC.

On April 13, 2020, the CAC, the NDRC, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (the “MIIT”) and other nine promulgation authorities issued the Cybersecurity Review Measures (2020 Version), effective on June 1, 2020, which stipulate that the cybersecurity review shall focus on the evaluation of possible risks to national security caused by the purchase of the network product or service, also provide for more detailed rules regarding cybersecurity review requirements. On July 10, 2021, the CAC issued a revised draft of the Measures for Cybersecurity Review for public comments, which required that, in addition to the procurement of any network product or service by an operator of critical information infrastructure (the “CIIO”), any data processor carrying out data processing activities that affect or may affect national security should also be subject to cybersecurity review. On December 28, 2021, the Cybersecurity Review Measures (2021 Version) was promulgated and became effective on February 15, 2022 and the Cybersecurity Review Measures (2020 Version) was repealed at the same time. The Cybersecurity Review Measures (2021 Version) iterates that any online platform operators controlling personal information of more than 1 million users which seeks to list in a foreign stock exchange should also be subject to cybersecurity review. The Cybersecurity Review Measures (2021 Version) further elaborates the factors to be considered when assessing the national security risks of the relevant activities, including, among others, (i) the risk of core data, important data or a large amount of personal information being stolen, leaked, destroyed, and illegally used or exited the country; and (ii) the risk of critical information infrastructure, core data, important data or a large amount of personal information being affected, controlled, or maliciously used by foreign governments after listing abroad.

On June 10, 2021, the SCNPC promulgated the Data Security Law of the PRC (the “Data Security Law”), which took effect on September 1, 2021. The Data Security Law establishes a tiered system for data protection in terms of their importance, data categorized as “important data”, which will be determined by governmental authorities in the form of catalogs, shall be treated with higher level of protection. Specifically, the Data Security Law provides that processors of important data shall appoint a “data security officer” and a “management department” to take charge of data security. In addition, such processor shall evaluate the risk of its data activities periodically and file assessment reports with relevant regulatory authorities. Separately, data transaction intermediary services providers shall check the sources of the data, the identities of parties to the data transactions and shall keep records accordingly. Since the Data Security Law is relatively new, uncertainties still exist in relation to its interpretation and implementation.

On November 14, 2021, the Cyberspace Administration of China published the Administrative Regulations on Internet Data Security (Draft for Comment), or the “Administrative Regulations Draft”, which reiterates that data handlers that process the personal information of more than 1 million users listing in a foreign country should apply for a cybersecurity review. If a data processor fails to perform the obligation of cybersecurity review, the relevant competent department shall order it to make corrections, give a warning, and may also impose a fine within the range between RMB 50,000 and RMB 500,000, and the directly responsible person in charge may be imposed a fine within the range between RMB 10,000 and RMB 100,000; those who refuse to make corrections or cause serious consequences such as endangering data security shall be fined within the range between RMB 500,000 and RMB 2 million, and may be ordered to suspend business for rectification, revoke relevant business licenses, and the person in charge shall be fined within the range between RMB 50,000 and RMB 200,000.

On July 7, 2022, Cyberspace Administration of China promulgated the Measures for the Security Assessment of Outbound Data Transfers, or the Measures, which became effective from September 1, 2022. The Measures shall apply to the security assessment of the provision of important data and personal information collected and generated by data processors in the course of their operations within the territory of the People’s Republic of China by such data processors to overseas recipients. The Measures stipulates the circumstances under which security assessment of outbound data transfers should be declared, including: (i) outbound transfer of important data by a data processor; (ii) outbound transfer of personal information by a critical information infrastructure operator or a personal information processor who has processed the personal information of more than 1,000,000 people; (iii) outbound transfer of personal

120

Table of Contents

information by a personal information processor who has made outbound transfers of the personal information of 100,000 people cumulatively or the sensitive personal information of 10,000 people cumulatively since 1 January of the previous year; or (iv) other circumstances where an application for the security assessment of an outbound data transfer is required as prescribed by the national cyberspace administration authority. Based on the relevant regulations relating to outbound data transfer in the Cybersecurity Law, the Data Security Law, and the Personal Information Protection Law, the measures provides the scope, conditions and procedures of security assessment of outbound data transfer and thereby provides specific guidelines for security assessment of outbound data transfers.

On February 22, 2023 Cyberspace Administration of China issued the Provisions on the Standard Contract for Outbound Cross-border Transfer of Personal Information, or the Provisions, which became effective on June 1, 2023. According to the Personal Information Protection Law, the A personal information processor who intends to enter into a contract to provide personal information to an overseas recipient outside the territory of the PRC shall enter into a standard contract for outbound cross-border transfer of personal information. The Provisions provides the detailed requirements and guidelines for such standard contract.

Currently, the Cybersecurity Review Measures (2021 Version) and the Measures were recently adopted and the Administrative Regulations Draft has been released for public comment, and their implementation provisions and anticipated adoption or effective date remains substantially uncertain and may be subject to change. If the CAC or other regulatory agencies promulgate new rules or explanations requiring that we obtain their approvals for this offering and any subsequent offering, we may become subject to enhanced cybersecurity review. Certain internet platforms in China have been reportedly subject to heightened regulatory scrutiny in relation to cybersecurity matters. As of the date of this prospectus, we have not been informed by any PRC governmental authority of any requirement that we file for a cybersecurity review. However, if we are deemed to be a CIIO or a company that is engaged in data processing and holds personal information of more than 1 million users, we could be subject to PRC cybersecurity review.

Regulations Relating to Privacy Protection

Pursuant to the Civil Code of the People’s Republic of China (the “Civil Code”), the personal information of a natural person shall be protected by the law. Any organization or individual that need to obtain personal information of others shall obtain such information legally and ensure the safety of such information, and shall not illegally collect, use, process or transmit personal information of others, or illegally purchase or sell, provide or make public personal information of others.

On January 13, 2006, the Ministry of Public Security issued the Regulations on Technological Measures for Internet Security Protection, or the Internet Protection Measures, which took effect on March 1, 2006. The Internet Protection Measures require Internet service providers to take proper measures including anti-virus, data back-up and other related measures, and to keep records of certain information about their users (including user registration information, log-in and log-out time, IP address and log files of system maintenance) for at least 60 days, and detect illegal information, stop transmission of such information, and keep relevant records. Internet services providers are prohibited from unauthorized disclosure of users’ information to any third parties unless such disclosure is required by the laws and regulations. They are further required to establish management systems and take technological measures to safeguard the freedom and secrecy of the users’ correspondences.

On December 28, 2012, the SCNPC promulgated the Decision on Strengthening Network Information Protection to enhance the legal protection of information security and privacy on the internet. On July 16, 2013, the MIIT promulgated the Provisions on Protection of Personal Information of Telecommunication and Internet Users to regulate the collection and use of users’ personal information in the provision of telecommunication services and Internet information services in China and the personal information includes a user’s name, birth date, identification card number, address, phone number, account name, password and other information that can be used for identifying a user. Telecommunication business operators and Internet service providers are required to constitute their own rules for the collecting and use of users’ information and they cannot collect or use of user’s information without users’ consent. Telecommunication business operators and Internet service providers must specify the purposes, manners and scopes of information collection and uses, obtain consent of the relevant citizens, and keep the collected personal information confidential. Telecommunication business operators and Internet service providers are prohibited from

121

Table of Contents

disclosing, tampering with, damaging, selling or illegally providing others with, collected personal information. Telecommunication business operators and Internet service providers are required to take technical and other measures to prevent the collected personal information from any unauthorized disclosure, damage or loss.

On December 29, 2011, the MIIT promulgated the Several Provisions on Regulation of the Order of Internet Information Service Market, which became effective on March 15, 2012. The Provisions stipulate that without the consent of users, Internet information service providers shall not collect information relevant to the users that can lead to the recognition of the identity of the users independently or in combination with other information (hereinafter referred to as “personal information of users”), nor shall they provide personal information of users to others, unless otherwise provided by laws and administrative regulations. The Provisions also requires that Internet information service providers shall properly keep the personal information of users; if the preserved personal information of users is divulged or may possibly be divulged, Internet information service providers shall immediately take remedial measures; where such incident causes or may cause serious consequences, they shall immediately report the same to the telecommunications administration authorities that grant them with the Internet information service license or filing and cooperate in the investigation and disposal carried out by relevant departments. Failure to comply with such requirements may result in a fine between RMB10,000 and RMB30,000 and an announcement to the public.

On May 8, 2017, the Supreme People’s Court and the Supreme People’s Procuratorate released the Interpretations of the Supreme People’s Court and the Supreme People’s Procuratorate on Several Issues Concerning the Application of Law in the Handling of Criminal Cases Involving Infringement of Citizens’ Personal Information, or the Interpretations, effective from June 1, 2017. The Interpretations clarify several concepts regarding the crime of “infringement of citizens’ personal information” stipulated by Article 253A of the Criminal Law of the People’s Republic of China, including “citizen’s personal information”, “provision”, and “unlawful acquisition”. Also, the Interpretations specify the standards for determining “serious circumstances” and “particularly serious circumstances” of this crime.

On August 20, 2021, the SCNPC promulgated Personal Information Protection Law of the People’s Republic of China (“The Personal Information Protection Law”), which became effective on November 1, 2021. According to The Personal Information Protection Law, personal information refers to any kind of information related to an identified or identifiable natural person as electronically or otherwise recorded, excluding information that has been anonymized. Processing of personal information includes the collection, storage, use, processing, transmission, provision, disclosure, and deletion of personal information. Processing of personal information shall be for a specified and reasonable purpose, and shall be conducted for a purpose directly relevant to the purpose of processing and in a way that has the least impact on personal rights and interests. Collection of personal information shall be limited to the minimum scope necessary for achieving the purpose of processing and shall not be excessive.

There remain uncertainties with respect to the interpretation and detailed application of such laws and regulations and PRC regulators are enhancing the protection of privacy rule-making and enforcement actions at central and local levels. Any failure or perceived failure by us to comply with privacy policies or related legal obligations could cause suspension of business for rectification, fines and other penalties. See also “Risk Factors — Risks Relating to Our Business and Industry — The PRC operating entities rely heavily on their information systems, and any failure to properly protect privacy and to maintain and secure the PRC operating entities’ systems could seriously damage the PRC operating entities’ reputation, disrupt the PRC operating entities’ operations and harm their business.”

Licenses for Value-Added Telecommunications Services

An extensive regulatory scheme governing telecommunication services, including value-added telecommunication services and infrastructure telecommunications services, is promulgated by the State Council, MIIT, and other relevant government authorities. Value-added telecommunication service operators may be required to obtain additional licenses and permits in addition to those that they currently have given new laws and regulations may be adopted from time to time. In addition, these Value-added telecommunication related laws and regulations are under continuous improvement, and the Chinese regulatory authorities may also introduce other regulations in the future.

On September 25, 2000, the State Council issued the Regulations on Telecommunications of China, or the Telecommunications Regulations, which was lately amended on February 6, 2016, to regulate telecommunications activities in China. The Telecommunications Regulations divide the telecommunications services into two categories, namely “infrastructure telecommunications services” and “value-added telecommunications services.” Pursuant to the Telecommunications Regulations, operators of value-added telecommunications services must first obtain a Value-added Telecommunications Business Operating License, or VAT License, from the MIIT, or its provincial

122

Table of Contents

level counterparts. The MIIT promulgated the Administrative Measures on Telecommunications Business Operating Licenses on March 1, 2009 and most recently amended it on July 3, 2017, for the purpose of setting forth more specific provisions regarding the types of licenses required to operate value-added telecommunications services, the qualifications and procedures for obtaining such licenses and the administration and supervision of such licenses.

According to the Catalog of Classification of Telecommunications Businesses effective from April 1, 2003, internet information services, also called internet content services, or ICP services, are deemed as a type of value-added telecommunications services. On December 28, 2015 and June 6, 2019, the MIIT published revised editions of Catalog of Classification of Telecommunication Business. According to the latest 2019 MIIT Catalog, internet information services, which include information release and delivery services, information search and query services, information community platform services, information real-times interactive services, and information protection and processing services, continues to be classified as a category of value-added telecommunication services. The Administrative Measures on Internet Information Services, or ICP Measures, also promulgated by the PRC State Council on September 25, 2000 and amended on January 8, 2011, set forth more specific rules on the provision of ICP services. According to ICP Measures, any company that engages in the provision of commercial ICP services shall obtain a sub-category VAT License for Internet Information Services, or ICP license, from the relevant government authorities before providing any commercial internet content services within the PRC, and when the ICP services involve areas of news, publication, education, medical treatment, health, pharmaceuticals and medical equipment, and if required by law or relevant regulations, specific approval from the respective regulatory authorities must be obtained prior to applying for the ICP License from the MIIT or its provincial level counterpart.

Foreign Investment in Value-Added Telecommunication Services

The Regulations on Administration of Foreign-Invested Telecommunications Enterprises, or the FITE Regulations, which took effect on January 1, 2002 and lastly amended on May 1, 2022, are the key regulations that regulate foreign direct investment in telecommunications companies in China. The FITE Regulations stipulate that the foreign investor of a telecommunications enterprise is prohibited from holding more than 50% of the equity interest in a foreign-invested enterprise that provides value-added telecommunications services, unless otherwise stipulated by the State In addition, for a foreign investor to acquire any equity interest in a business providing value-added telecommunications services in China, the latest FITE Regulations no longer requires that such foreign investor must demonstrate a positive track record and experience in providing such services. Pursuant to the FITE Regulations, the registered capital of a foreign-invested telecom enterprise that operate value-added telecommunications services shall comply with the following requirements: (i) for operating business nationwide or across provinces, autonomous regions, or municipalities directly under the central government, the minimum registered capital shall be CNY10 million; and (ii) for operating business within a province, autonomous region, or municipality directly under the central government, the minimum registered capital shall be CNY1 million. To operate telecommunications business, a foreign-invested telecom enterprise shall, in addition to meeting the requirements specified in the FITE Regulation, also meet the requirements specified in the Telecommunications Regulations, which was promulgated on February 6, 2016, for operating the business of value-added telecommunications services, including: (i) the operator shall be a legally established company; (ii) there are funds and specialized personnel commensurate with the business activities to be developed; (iii) the operator has the reputation or the capability to provide long term service to its subscribers; and (iv) other conditions specified by the State.

On July 13, 2006, the MIIT issued the Circular on Strengthening the Administration of Foreign Investment in Value-added Telecommunications Services, or the MIIT Circular 2006, which requires that (i) foreign investors can only operate a telecommunications business in China through establishing a telecommunications enterprise with a valid telecommunications business operation license; (ii) domestic license holders are prohibited from leasing, transferring or selling telecommunications business operation licenses to foreign investors in any form, or providing any resource, sites or facilities to foreign investors to facilitate the unlicensed operation of telecommunications business in China; (iii) value-added telecommunications services providers or their shareholders must directly own the domain names and registered trademarks they use in their daily operations; (iv) each value-added telecommunications services provider must have the necessary facilities for its approved business operations and maintain such facilities in the geographic regions covered by its license; and (v) all value-added telecommunications services providers should improve network and information security, enact relevant information safety administration regulations and set up emergency plans to ensure network and information safety. Due to the lack of any additional interpretation from the regulatory authorities, it remains unclear what impact MIIT Circular 2006 will have on us or the other PRC internet companies with similar corporate and contractual structures. MIIT issued the Circular on Removing the Restrictions on Shareholding Ratio

123

Table of Contents

Held by Foreign Investors in Online Data Processing and Transaction Processing (Operating E-commerce) Business on June 19, 2015, which began to allow foreign investors to own more than 50% of the equity interest in an operator of e-commerce business. However, foreign investors continue to be prohibited from holding more than 50% of the equity interest in a provider of other category of value-added telecommunications services except for e-commerce.

To comply with the above-mentioned foreign ownership restrictions, we operate our value-added telecommunication services in China through the VIE.

Regulations relation to Mobile Internet Applications Information Services

Mobile internet applications (the “APPs”) and the APP distribution platforms are subject to the Administrative Provisions on Mobile Internet Applications Information Services (the “APP Provisions”), which was promulgated by the Cyberspace Administration of China on June 14, 2022 and became effective from August 1, 2022. The APP Provisions regulate the APP providers and the APP distribution platforms. The CAC and local offices of cyberspace administration shall be responsible for the supervision and administration of nationwide or local APP information services, respectively.

Under the APP Provisions, the APP providers shall acquire relevant qualifications, implement the information security management responsibilities strictly and fulfil their obligations, including real-name system, protection of users’ information, examination and management of information content, etc. In addition, the APP providers shall enter into the service agreements with the APP users, clarifying the rights and obligations of both parties. The APP distribution platforms shall file a record with the related local offices of cyberspace administration within 30 days after such services have been rolled out online for operation. They shall fulfil the administrative responsibilities over the APP providers. For any App providers who violates the aforementioned provisions, the APP distribution platforms shall take such measures as warning, suspending the release or withdrawing the applications as the case may be, keep records and report such violation to the relevant competent authorities. In addition, the APP distribution platforms shall also enter into the service agreements with the APP providers, clarifying the rights and obligations of both parties.

Regulations relating to HR Services

HR services providers in China are mainly regulated by the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security (the “MOHRSS”). The principal regulations applicable to HR services providers include (i) the Provisions on Employment Services and Employment Management promulgated on November 5, 2007 and latest amended on December 14, 2018 by the MOHRSS, (ii) the Provisions on Talent Market Administration jointly promulgated by the PRC Ministry of Personnel, the PRC State Administration for Industry and Commerce on September 11, 2001 and latest amended on December 31, 2019 by the MOHRSS and (iii) the Interim Regulation on Human Resources Market promulgated by the PRC State Council on June 29, 2018.

Under the Provisions on Employment Services and Employment Management, the Provisions on Talent Market Administration, the Notice on Further Strengthening Work Related to Human Resources Market Supervision, promulgated by the MOHRSS on January 29, 2010 and the Interim Regulation on Human Resources Market, any entity engaging in occupational intermediary activities in China must obtain a HR Services License from the administrative department of human resources and social security. Besides, the profit-making HR service organization shall file with the administrative department of human resources and social security 15 days from the date of carrying out services such as the collection and release of HR supply and demand information, employment and entrepreneurship guidance, human resource management consulting, human resource assessment, HR training, and HR service outsourcing. Where a profit-making HR service organization establishes a branch, it shall, within 15 days from the date of completion of the industrial and commercial registration, report in writing to the administrative department of human resources and social security where the branch office locates.

124

Table of Contents

In addition, according to the Provisions on Talent Market Administration, as a talent recruitment service provider, we are prohibited from providing fake information, making false promises and publishing fake recruitment advertisement. According to the Contract Law of PRC, which was implemented on October 1, 1999 and was replaced by the Civil Code on January 1, 2021, an intermediation contract is defined as a contract whereby an intermediary presents to its client an opportunity for entering into a contract or provides the client with other intermediary services in connection with the conclusion of a contract, and the client pays the intermediary service fees. Pursuant to the Contract Law and the Civil Code, an intermediary must provide authentic information relating to the proposed contract. If an intermediary intentionally conceals any material fact or provides false information in connection with the performance of the proposed contract, which results in harm to the client’s interests, the intermediary may not claim service fees and is liable for the damages caused.

Regulations relating to Labor Dispatching Services

Labor dispatching services providers in China are mainly regulated by the MOHRSS. The principal regulation applicable to labor dispatching services providers are the Measures for the Implementation of Administrative License for Labor Dispatch promulgated by the MOHRSS on June 20, 2013 and the Interim Provisions on Labor Dispatch promulgated by the MOHRSS on January 24, 2014.

Under the Measures for the Implementation of Administrative License for Labor Dispatch, the labor dispatching service provider shall apply to the human resources and social security administrative department at its domicile (hereinafter referred to as the licensing authority) for an administrative license according to law. Where a labor dispatching service provider establishes a subsidiary to operate the labor dispatching services, the subsidiary shall apply to the local licensing authority for an administrative license; if the labor dispatching service provider establishes a branch to operate the labor dispatching services, it shall report the licensing authority in writing, and the branch shall file with the local administrative department of human resources and social security.

Under the Interim Provisions on Labor Dispatch, the labor dispatching service provider shall: (i) truthfully inform the dispatched laborer of the provisions of Article 8 of the Labor Contract Law (as defined below), the rules and regulations to be observed, and the contents of the labor dispatch agreement; (ii) establish a training system to conduct onboarding knowledge and safety education training for dispatched workers; (iii) pay the labor remuneration and conduct the related treatment of the dispatched laborers in accordance with the state regulations and the labor dispatch agreement; (iv) in accordance with the provisions of the State and the labor dispatch agreement, pay social insurance premiums for the dispatched workers in accordance with the law, and handle the relevant procedures for social insurance; (v) urge the institutions that accept employment in the form of labor dispatch to provide labor protection and labor safety and sanitation conditions for the dispatched workers according to law; (vi) issue the relevant proof regarding dissolving or terminating the labor contract according to law; (vii) assist in handling disputes between dispatched laborers and the institutions that accept employment in the form of labor dispatch; (viii) conduct other matters as stipulated by laws, regulations and rules.

In addition, according to the Labor Contract Law of the PRC (the “Labor Contract Law”), which was implemented on January 1, 2008 and amended on December 28, 2012, the labor dispatching service provider shall conclude a fixed-term labor contract with the dispatched laborer for more than two years, and pay the labor remuneration on a monthly basis; when the dispatched laborer has no work, the labor dispatching service provider shall pay to the dispatched laborers according to the minimum wage standard prescribed by the local people’s government monthly. The dispatched laborers of the labor dispatching service provider shall enter into labor dispatch agreements with the institutions that accept employment in the form of labor dispatch. The labor dispatch agreement shall stipulate the number of dispatched posts and personnel, the duration of dispatch, the amount of labor remuneration and social insurance premiums, the method of payment, and the liability for breach of agreement. In the event of a violation of any legal provisions of the Labor Contract Law, administrative penalties may be imposed on the dispatch service provider by the competent PRC government authority in charge of labor administration, including warning, rectification orders, fines, orders for payment of wages and compensation to labors, revocation of business licenses and other penalties. Any institution accepting dispatched laborers may be held jointly and severally liable together with the dispatch service provider in case harm is done to labors as a result of such institution’s violation of the Labor Contract Law.

125

Table of Contents

Road Transportation Operation Permit

Pursuant to the Regulations on Road Transportation promulgated by the State Council in April 2004 and most recently amended in March 2022, and the Provisions on Administration of Road Freight Transportation and Stations (Sites) issued by the Ministry of Transport in June 2005 and most recently amended in June 2019 (the “Road Freight Provisions”), the business operations of road freight transportation refer to commercial road freight transportation activities that provide public services. The road freight transportation includes general road freight transportation, special road freight transportation, road transportation of large articles, and road transportation of hazardous cargos. The Road Freight Provisions set forth detailed requirements with respect to vehicles and drivers.

Under the Road Freight Provisions, anyone engaging in the business of operating road freight transportation must obtain a Road Transportation Operation Permit from the local county-level road transportation administrative bureau, and each vehicle used for road freight transportation must have a Road Transportation Certificate from the same authority. The incorporation of a subsidiary of road freight transportation operator that intends to engage in road transportation business is subject to the same approval procedure. If it intends to establish a branch, it should file with the local road transportation administrative bureau where the branch is to be established.

Regulation on Foreign Exchange Control

In 1996, China published The Foreign Currency Administration Regulations, and late on amended on January 14, 1997 and August 5, 2008. This Regulation has been the major one governing the foreign exchange activities in China. Under this Regulation, the Renminbi is convertible for foreign currency account items, including the distribution of dividends, interest payments and trade and service-related foreign exchange transactions. Conversion of Renminbi into foreign currency for capital account items, such as, loans, investment in securities and repatriation of investments, however, is subject to the registration of the Sate Administration of Foreign Exchange (“SAFE”) or its local counterparts.

In recent years, China has become more open to foreign currency exchange. Individual persons are allowed to buy $50,000 each year, but for companies there are still control policies. Under the Regulation and relevant rules, foreign-invested enterprises may buy, sell and remit foreign currencies at banks authorized to conduct foreign exchange transactions for settlement of currency account transactions after providing valid commercial documents and, in the case of capital account item transactions, only after registration with the SAFE and, as the case may be, other relevant PRC government authorities as required by law.

According to the Overseas Investment Regulation which was issued in 2014, capital investments directed outside of China by domestic or foreign-invested enterprises are also subject to restrictions, which include registration filing with Ministry of Commerce, even though the Notice on Further Improving and Adjusting the Foreign Exchange Management Policy for Capital Account (“No. 2 Notice”) passed in February of 2014 by SAFE has made domestic enterprises much easier releasing foreign currency overseas to foreign companies including connected companies.

The conversion of Renminbi into foreign currencies, including U.S. dollars, has been based on rates set by the People’s Bank of China. On July 21, 2005, the PRC government changed its policy of pegging the value of the Renminbi to the U.S. dollar. Under the new policy, the Renminbi will be permitted to fluctuate within a band against a basket of certain foreign currencies. We receive a significant portion of our revenue in Renminbi, which is not a freely convertible currency. Under our current structure, our income will be primarily derived from dividend payments from our subsidiaries in China. Even though we may remit the income from China to anywhere we want, the fluctuation of exchange rate may be a disadvantage to us if Renminbi depreciated.

On January 26, 2017, the SAFE promulgated the Notice on Improving the Check of Authenticity and Compliance to Further Promote Foreign Exchange Control (the “SAFE Circular 3”), which stipulates several capital control measures with respect to the outbound remittance of profit from domestic entities to offshore entities, including (i) under the principle of genuine transaction, banks shall check board resolutions regarding profit distribution, the original version of tax filing records and audited financial statements; and (ii) domestic entities shall hold income to account for previous years’ losses before remitting the profits. Moreover, pursuant to the SAFE Circular 3, domestic entities shall make detailed explanations of the sources of capital and utilization arrangements, and provide board resolutions, contracts and other proof when completing the registration procedures in connection with an outbound investment.

126

Table of Contents

On October 23, 2019, the SAFE promulgated the Circular of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange on Further Promoting Cross-border Trade and Investment Facilitation (the “SAFE Circular 28”), which expressly allows foreign-invested enterprises that do not have equity investments in their approved business scope to use their capital obtained from foreign exchange settlement to make domestic equity investments as long as there is a truthful investment and such investment is in compliance with the foreign investment-related laws and regulations.

Regulation on Foreign Exchange Registration of Offshore Investment by PRC Residents

In October of 2005, SAFE promulgated a Notification known as “Notification 75”, in which SAFE requires PRC residents to register their direct establishment or indirect control of an offshore entity (referred to in Notification as “special purpose vehicle.”), where such offshore entity are established for the purpose of overseas financing, provided that PRC residents contribute their legally owned assets or equity into such entity. In July of 2014, this Notification was replaced by Notification 37, “Notification on Relevant Issues Concerning Foreign Exchange Control on Domestic Residents’ Offshore Investment and Financing and Returning Investment through Special Purpose Vehicles”, which expanded SAFE oversight scope to include overseas investment registration as well. Meanwhile, Notification 37 also covers more areas such as PRC residents paying capital contribution with overseas assets or equity. Furthermore, Notification 37 requires amendment to the registration where any significant changes with respect to the special purpose vehicle capitalization or structure of the PRC resident itself (such as capital increase, capital reduction, share transfer or exchange, merger or spin off). On February 13, 2015, the SAFE promulgated a Notice on Further Simplifying and Improving Foreign Exchange Administration Policy on Direct Investment, or Notice 13, which became effective on June 1, 2015 and was amended on December 30, 2019. Under Notice 13, applications for foreign exchange registration of inbound foreign direct investments and outbound overseas direct investments, including those required under Notification 37, will be filed with qualified banks instead of SAFE. The qualified banks will directly examine the applications and accept registrations under the supervision of SAFE.

Regulation on Dividend Distributions

Our PRC subsidiary, Shenzhen Pengze Future Technology Co., Ltd., is wholly foreign-owned enterprises under the PRC law. The principal regulations governing the distribution of dividends paid by Shenzhen Pengze Future Technology Co., Ltd. include: Corporate Law (1993) as lastly amended in 2018; the Foreign Investment Law and its Implementing Regulations; and the Enterprise Income Tax Law (2007) as lastly amended in 2018 and its Implementation Regulations (2007) as lastly amended in 2019.

Under these requirements, foreign-invested enterprises may pay dividends only out of their accumulated profit, if any, as determined in accordance with PRC accounting standards and regulations. A PRC company is required to allocate at least 10% of their respective accumulated after-tax profits each year, if any, to fund certain capital reserve funds until the aggregate amount of these reserve funds have reached 50% of the registered capital of the enterprises. A PRC company is not permitted to distribute any profits until any losses from prior fiscal years have been offset. Profits retained from prior fiscal years may be distributed together with distributable profits from the current fiscal year.

On March 16, 2007, the NPC enacted the Enterprise Income Tax Law, and on December 6, 2007, the State Council issued the Implementation Regulations on the Enterprise Income Tax Law, both of which became effective on January 1, 2008. The Enterprise Income Tax Law was lately amended on December 29, 2018 and the Implementation Regulations on the Enterprise Income Tax Law was lately amended on April 23, 2019. Under this law and its implementation regulations, dividends payable by a foreign-invested enterprise in the PRC to its foreign investor who is a non-resident enterprise will be subject to a 10% (5% for Hong Kong residents) withholding tax, unless any such foreign investor’s jurisdiction of incorporation has a tax treaty with the PRC that provides for a lower withholding tax rate.

M&A Rules and Regulation on Overseas Listings

On August 8, 2006, six PRC regulatory agencies, Ministry of Commerce, the State Assets Supervision and Administration Commission, the State Administration for Taxation, the State Administration for Industry and Commerce, CSRC and SAFE, jointly adopted the Regulation on Mergers and Acquisitions of Domestic Enterprises by Foreign Investors, or so called the M&A Rules and amended it on June 22, 2009. The M&A Rules purport, among other things, to require that offshore SPVs that are controlled by PRC companies or individuals and that have been formed for overseas listing purposes through acquisitions of PRC domestic interests held by such PRC companies or individuals, obtain

127

Table of Contents

the approval of the CSRC prior to publicly listing their securities on an overseas stock exchange. After the FIL and its implementation regulations became effective on January 1, 2020, the provisions of the M&A Rules remain effective to the extent they are not inconsistent with the FIL and its implementation regulations.

Furthermore, on July 6, 2021, the General Office of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the General Office of the State Council jointly promulgated the Opinions on Strictly Cracking Down on Illegal Securities Activities in Accordance with the Law, pursuant to which Chinese regulators are required to accelerate rulemaking related to the overseas issuance and listing of securities, and update the existing laws and regulations related to data security, cross-border data flow, and management of confidential information. Following the promulgation of the Cyber Security Law and Data Security Law, on February 17, 2023, the CSRC published the Trial Administrative Measures of Overseas Securities Offering and Listing by Domestic Companies and became effective on March 31, 2023, which provided and revealed certain examination and filing mechanisms with respect to a Chinese domestic enterprise’s offering of securities overseas.

While the application of the M&A Rules remains unclear, the CSRC currently has not issued any definitive rule or interpretation concerning whether offerings such as our offering are subject to the CSRC approval procedures under the M&A Rules; and despite the lack of any definitive rule or interpretation from CSRC, the main purpose of the M&A rule is for national security and national industrial policy and so far none of the Chinese companies that have completed their public listing in the U.S. have obtained such approval.

According to the New Administrative Rules Regarding Overseas Listings, among other things, a domestic company in the PRC that seeks to offer and list securities in overseas markets shall fulfill the filing procedure with the CSRC. When a domestic company seeks to directly offer and list securities in overseas markets, the issuer shall file with the CSRC. When a domestic company seeks to indirectly offer and list securities in overseas markets, the issuer shall designate a major domestic operating entity, which shall, as the domestic responsible entity, file with the CSRC. Initial public offerings or listings in overseas markets shall be filed with the CSRC within 3 working days after the relevant application is submitted overseas. The required filing materials with the CSRC include (without limitation): (i) record-filing reports and related undertakings, (ii) compliance certificates, filing or approval documents from the primary regulators of applicants’ businesses (if applicable), (iii) security assessment opinions issued by related departments (if applicable), (iv) PRC legal opinions issued by domestic law firms (with related undertakings), and (v) prospectus or listing documents.

128

Table of Contents

if we fail to receive clearance of such filing requirements. Since the New Administrative Rules Regarding Overseas Listings are newly promulgated, and the interpretation and implementation thereof involves uncertainties, we cannot assure that we will be able to complete the relevant filings in a timely manner or fulfil all the regulatory requirements thereunder.

Regulations on Offshore Parent Holding Companies’ Direct Investment in and Loans to Their PRC subsidiary

China has been open to foreign direct and indirect investments. An offshore company may invest in a PRC company. Such investment is subject to the FIL. Under the FIL, foreign investments no longer need to be approved by Chinese government, but only need to register the investment with Chinese regulatory agency.

However, Chinese government still has foreign exchange control policy. The money transfer in or out of China is still under tight control. So, shareholder loans made by offshore parent holding companies to their PRC subsidiary are regarded as foreign debts in China for regulatory purposes, which debts are subject to a number of PRC laws and regulations, including the PRC Foreign Exchange Administration Regulations, Administration Rules on the Settlement, Sale and Payment of Foreign Exchange, Administration of Foreign Debts Tentative Procedures, the Statistical Monitoring of Foreign Debts Tentative Provisions, the Detailed Rules for the Implementation of Provisional Regulations on Statistics and Supervision of External Debt and the Provisional Measures on Administration of Foreign Debt.

Pursuant to the Provisional Measures on Administration of Foreign Debt (the “Foreign Debt Measures”) issued by the State Development Planning Commission (revised), Ministry of Finance and SAFE in January 2003 and became effective on March 1, 2003, any loans provided by us to our PRC subsidiary in foreign currencies shall be classified as foreign debt under the Foreign Debt Measures. According to the Foreign Debt Measures, the sum of cumulative accrued amounts of medium-term to long-term foreign loans and balance amounts of short-term foreign loans taken by a foreign investment enterprise shall be limited to the difference between the total project investment amount approved by the government and the amount of registered capital. Foreign investment enterprises may take foreign loans freely within the scope of difference.

On January 12, 2017, the People’s Bank of China (the “PBOC”) issued the Notice of People’s Bank of China on Matters Concerning Macro-prudential Management on All-round Cross-border Financing (the “No. 9 Notice”), which improved the policy framework of the cross-border financing. The No. 9 Notice clarifies the new calculation methods of the upper limit of the risk-weighted balance for all types of cross-border financing, in particular, the upper limit for risk-weighted balance for cross-border financing equals to the capital or the net assets multiplied by the leverage rate of cross-border financing and the macro-prudential adjustment parameters. In the case of our PRC subsidiary, the capital or the net assets is calculated at the net assets of each subsidiary, the leverage rate for cross-border financing for an enterprise is 2, and the macro-prudential adjustment parameter is 1 (the “All-Round Mode”). On March 11, 2020, the PBOC and SAFE promulgated the Circular of the People’s Bank of China and the State Administration of

129

Table of Contents

Foreign Exchange on Adjusting the Macro-prudential Regulation Parameter for Full-covered Cross-border Financing, which provides that based on the current macro economy and international balance of payments, the macro-prudential regulation parameter as set forth in the Notice 9 is updated from 1 to 1.25. On January 7, 2021, the PBOC and SAFE promulgated the Notice of PBC and SAFE on Adjusting the Macro-prudential Adjustment Parameter for Cross-border Financing of Companies, which provides that the macro-prudential regulation parameter of companies is updated from 1.25 to 1. Currently, the implementation of the foregoing methodologies in cross-border financing have not been formally determined by the PBOC and the SAFE. In the practice, according to the Q&A on Macro-prudential Regulation Parameter for Full-Covered Cross-border Financing (Phase I) (the “Q&A”) issued by the SAFE on May 27, 2017, FIEs shall submit a written filing report to the local foreign exchange bureau when they handle the foreign debt signing filing (registration) for the first time after the issuance of the Q&A, so as to clarify the cross-border financing management mode they choose during the transition period. If the All-Round Mode is selected, the latest audited net assets data shall be reported at the same time. Once the cross-border financing management mode is determined, it shall not be changed. Alternatively, if we choose to use the All-Round Mode, the amount of loans we can make to our PRC subsidiary as calculated according to the No. 9 Notice and the Notice of PBC and SAFE on Adjusting the Macro-prudential Adjustment Parameter for Cross-border Financing of Companies will not be more than 2 times of the net assets of such entities.

Moreover, as the debtors of cross-border financing, our PRC subsidiary is also required to comply with certain registration formalities for execution of foreign debt contracts with the foreign exchange bureau at the locality within fifteen working days after signing the contracts according to the Notice of State Administration of Foreign Exchange on Promulgation of the Administrative Measures on Registration of Foreign Debt which was promulgated by the SAFE in April 2013 and revised in May 2015.

Pursuant to the Circular of the National Development and Reform Commission on Promoting the Administrative Reform of the Record-filing and Registration System for the Issuance of Foreign Debts by Enterprises promulgated on September 14, 2015 (“Circular 2044”), before the issuance of foreign loans, enterprises shall first apply to the NDRC for record-filing and registration procedures and shall report the information on the issuance to NDRC within 10 business days after completion of each issuance. The term “foreign loan” shall mean RMB-denominated or foreign currency-denominated debt instruments with a maturity of one year or more which are issued overseas by domestic enterprises and their controlled overseas enterprises or branches and for which the principal and interest are repaid as agreed, including bonds issued overseas and long- and medium-term international commercial loans, and so forth. In February 2020, the NDRC circulated the Guide to the Registration of Foreign Debt Issued by Enterprises on its official website, according to which, domestic companies (and their controlled overseas companies or branches) who borrowed from foreign companies (including overseas shareholders) a loan for more than one year need to apply to the NDRC.

Regulations Relating to Employment and Social Welfare

Regulations on Employment

The major PRC laws and regulations that govern employment relationship are the PRC Labor Law, or the Labor Law (issued by the SCNPC on July 5, 1994, came into effect on January 1, 1995 and revised on August 27, 2009 and December 29, 2018, the Labor Contract Law, promulgated by the SCNPC on June 29, 2007 and became effective on January 1, 2008, and then amended on December 28, 2012 and became effective on July 1, 2013, and the Implementation Rules of the Labor Contract Law of the PRC, or the Implementation Rules of the Labor Contract Law, issued by the State Council on September 18, 2008 and came into effect on the same day. According to the aforementioned laws and regulations, labor relationships between employers and employees must be executed in written form. The laws and regulations above impose stringent requirements on the employers in relation to entering into fixed-term labor contracts, hiring of temporary employees and dismissal of employees. As prescribed under the laws and regulations, employers shall ensure its employees have the right to rest and the right to receive wages no lower than the local minimum wages. Employers must establish a system for labor safety and sanitation that strictly abide by state standards and provide relevant education to its employees. Violations of the Labor Contract Law and the Labor Law may result in the imposition of fines and other administrative liabilities and/or incur criminal liabilities in the case of serious violations.

130

Table of Contents

Regulations on Social Insurance and Housing Provident Fund

According to the Social Insurance Law of PRC, which issued by the SCNPC on October 28, 2010 and came into effect on July 1, 2011 and was latest revised on December 29, 2018, enterprises and institutions in the PRC shall provide their employees with welfare schemes covering pension insurance, unemployment insurance, maternity insurance, work-related injury insurance, medical insurance and other welfare plans. The employer shall apply to the local social insurance agency for social insurance registration within 30 days from the date of its formation. And it shall, within 30 days from the date of employment, apply to the social insurance agency for social insurance registration for the employee. Any employer who violates the regulations above shall be ordered to make correction within a prescribed time limit; if the employer fails to rectify within the time limit, the employer and its directly liable person will be fined. Meanwhile, the Interim Regulation on the Collection and Payment of Social Insurance Premiums, issued by the State Council on January 22, 1999 and came into effect on the same day and was recently revised on March 24, 2019, prescribes the details concerning the social securities.

Apart from the general provisions about social insurance, specific provisions on various types of insurance are set out in the Regulation on Work-Related Injury Insurance, issued by the State Council on April 27, 2003, came into effect on January 1, 2004 and revised on December 20, 2010, the Regulations on Unemployment Insurance, issued by the State Council on January 22, 1999 and came into effect on the same day, the Trial Measures on Employee Maternity Insurance of Enterprises, issued by the Ministry of Labor on December 14, 1994 and came into effect on January 1, 1995. Enterprises subject to these regulations shall provide their employees with the corresponding insurance.

According to the Regulation Concerning the Administration of Housing Provident Fund, implemented since April 3, 1999 and latest amended on March 24, 2019, any newly established entity shall make deposit registration at the housing accumulation fund management center within 30 days as of its establishment. After that, the entity shall open a housing accumulation fund account for its employees in an entrusted bank. Within 30 days as of the date an employee is recruited, the entity shall make deposit registration at the housing accumulation fund management center and seal up the employee’s housing accumulation fund account in the bank mentioned above within 30 days from termination of the employment relationship.

Any entity that fails to make deposit registration of the housing accumulation fund or fails to open a housing accumulation fund account for its employees shall be ordered to complete the relevant procedures within a prescribed time limit. Any entity failing to complete the relevant procedure within the time limit will be fined RMB10,000 to RMB50,000. Any entity fails to make payment of housing provident fund within the time limit or has shortfall in payment of housing provident fund will be ordered to make the payment or make up the shortfall within the prescribed time limit, otherwise, the housing provident management center is entitled to apply for compulsory enforcement with the People’s Court.

Regulations Relating to Tax

Enterprise income tax

According to the PRC Enterprise Income Tax Law, which was promulgated by the SCNPC on March 16, 2007 and last amended and effective on December 29, 2018, and the Enterprise Income Tax Implementation Regulations of the PRC (the “EITIR”), which was promulgated by the State Council on December 6, 2007 and last amended and effective on April 23, 2019, the enterprise income tax of both domestic and foreign-invested enterprises is unified at 25% with certain exceptions. According to the EIT Law, enterprises are classified as “resident enterprises” and “non-resident enterprises.” Pursuant to the EIT Law and the EITIR, PRC resident enterprises typically pay an enterprise income tax at the rate of 25%, while non-PRC resident enterprises without any branches in the PRC should pay an enterprise income tax in connection with their income from the PRC at the tax rate of 10%. Enterprises established under the laws of foreign countries or regions whose “de facto management bodies” (i.e., establishments that carry out substantial and overall management and control over production and operations, personnel, accounting and properties) are located in the PRC are considered as PRC tax resident enterprises, and will generally be subject to enterprise income tax at the rate of 25% of their global income.

131

Table of Contents

Value-added tax

According to Provisional Regulations on Value-added Tax of the PRC, which were promulgated by the State Council on December 13, 1993 and last amended on November 19, 2017, and the Implementing Rules for the Interim Regulations on Value-added Tax of the PRC promulgated by Ministry of Finance on December 25, 1993 and last amended on November 1, 2011, all enterprises and individuals that engage in the sale of goods, the provision of processing, repair and replacement services, the sale of services, intangible assets or immovable properties and the importation of goods within the territory of the PRC must pay value-added tax.

Dividends withholding tax

According to the EIT Law and the EITIR, dividends paid by foreign-invested companies to their foreign investors that are non-resident enterprises as defined under the law are subject to withholding tax at a rate of 10%, unless otherwise provided in the relevant tax agreements entered into with the central government of the PRC. Pursuant to the Arrangement Between the Mainland of China and the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region for the Avoidance of Double Taxation on Income (the “Double Tax Avoidance Arrangement”) promulgated on August 21, 2006, if a Hong Kong resident enterprise is determined by the competent PRC tax authority to have satisfied the relevant conditions and requirements under such Double Tax Avoidance Arrangement, the withholding tax rate on the dividends the Hong Kong resident enterprise receives from a PRC resident enterprise may be reduced to 5% from 10% applicable under the EIT Law and the EITIR. However, based on the Notice of the State Taxation Administration on Certain Issues with Respect to the Enforcement of Dividend Provisions in Tax Treaties promulgated and took into effect on February 20, 2009 by the State Taxation Administration (the “STA”), if the relevant PRC tax authorities determine, in their discretion, that a company benefits from such reduced income tax rate due to a structure or arrangement that is primarily tax-driven, such PRC tax authorities may adjust the preferential tax treatment. Based on the Notice of the State Taxation Administration on the Recognition of Beneficial Owners in Tax Treaties, which was promulgated by STA on February 3, 2018 and came into effect on April 1, 2018, a comprehensive analysis will be used to determine beneficial ownership based on the actual situation of a specific case combined with certain principles, and if an applicant was obliged to pay more than 50% of its income to a third country (region) resident within 12 months of the receipt of the income, or the business activities undertaken by an applicant did not constitute substantive business activities including substantive manufacturing, distribution, management and other activities, the applicant was unlikely to be recognized as a beneficial owner to enjoy tax treaty benefits.

Regulations on Intellectual Property

China joined WTO in 2001 and signed the treaty of TRIPS (Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights), therefore China’s IP laws are very much close to TRIPS.

Trademarks

Trademarks are protected by the PRC Trademark Law adopted in 1982 and lastly amended in 2019 as well as the Implementation Regulation of the PRC Trademark Law adopted by the State Council in 2002 and amended in 2014. The Trademark Office of China National Intellectual Property Administration handles trademark registrations. Trademarks can be registered for a term of ten years and can be repeatedly extended for another ten-year term at the time of expiry. The PRC Trademark Law has adopted a “first-to-file” principle with respect to trademark registration. According to Chinese Trademark Law, if anyone has a dispute the officially registered trademarks, he can file a petition to the review board of the Trademark Office, requesting a comprehensive review that may result in the revoking the registered trademarks. So far, we have not received any such kind of petition and we strongly believe there will not be such petition because our trademarks are firstly used as well as firstly registered by us.

Patents

According to the PRC Patent Law promulgated by the SCNPC on March 12, 1984 and last amended on October 17, 2020 with effect from June 1, 2021, and its latest Implementation Rules promulgated by the State Council on January 9, 2010 and took into effect on February 1, 2010, the National Intellectual Property Administration is responsible for administering patents in the PRC. Inventions, utility models, and designs with the features of novelty, inventiveness and practical applicability, are three kinds of patent defined and protected under China’s Patent Law. The State Intellectual

132

Table of Contents

Property Office is responsible for examining and approving patent applications. Once the application is approved, the applicants can have their patent under Chinese legal protection for a long term since its application date, which is 20 years for invention and ten years for utility models and designs.

Pursuant to the PRC Copyright Law promulgated by the SCNPC on September 7, 1990 and last amended on November 11, 2020 (the latest revision became effective from June 1, 2021) and the Implementing Regulations of the PRC Copyright Law promulgated by the State Council on August 2, 2002, last amended on January 30, 2013 (the latest revision became effective from March 1, 2013), the PRC nationals, legal persons, and other organizations shall enjoy copyright in their works, whether published or not, which include, among others, works of literature, art, natural science, social science, engineering technology and computer software. Pursuant to the Regulations on the Protection of Computer Software promulgated by the State Council in December 2001 and most recently amended in January 2013, and the Rules for the Registration of Computer Software Copyright, which was promulgated by the China Copyright Office and came into effect in February 2002, anyone publishes, revises or translates computer software without obtaining the prior approval of the computer software copyright holders shall bear civil liability to the copyright owner because of harming the copyright. The corporate computer software copyright is valid for a term of 50 years until December 31 of the 50th year, starting from the date as of first publication. The computer software copyright owners shall register at the registration institution authorized by the PRC Copyright Office to obtain the computer software copyright registration certificates as preliminary evidence of the computer software copyright being registered.

Domain Names

Internet domain name registration and related matters are primarily regulated by the Measures on Administration of Internet Domain Names, which were promulgated by the MIIT on August 24, 2017 and took effect on November 1, 2017, and the Detailed Rules for the Implementation of National Top-level Domain Name Registration, which were promulgated by China Internet Network Information Center and took into effect on June 18, 2019. Domain name owners are required to register their domain names and the MIIT is in charge of the administration of PRC internet domain names. The domain name services follow a “first come, first file” principle. The applicants will become the holders of such domain names upon the completion of the registration procedure.

133

Table of Contents

MANAGEMENT

Directors, Executive Officers and Significant Employees

Identification of Directors, Executive Officers and Significant Employees

The following table sets forth the names and ages of our directors, executive officers and significant employees and directors. Upon the effectiveness of our registration statement, our Board of Directors will be comprised of five (5) members and will be divided into three (3) groups, Group I, Group II and Group III, with members of each class serving staggered three-year terms, or until their successors are elected and qualified, or until their earlier death, retirement, resignation or removal. There are no family relationships among any of the directors and executive officers except as noted.

Name	Age	Position
Weilai Zhang	48	Director, Chairman of the Board**
Siyu Yang	44	Chief Executive Officer and director
Bin Tan	44	Chief Operating Officer
Dian Zhang	38	Chief Financial Officer
Huashu Yuan*	26	Director, Chair of Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee**
Zicen Liao*	31	Director, Chair of Audit Committee**
Xiaoyue Zhang*	29	Director, Chair of Compensation Committee**

____________

* Zicen Liao, Xiaoyue Zhang, and Huashu Yuan have accepted appointments to be our directors, effective immediately upon the effectiveness of our registration statement of which this prospectus is a part. Zicen Liao will be the designated Audit Committee financial expert.

** To be effective immediately upon the effectiveness of our registration statement of which this prospectus is a part.

There are no arrangements or understandings between our directors and executive officers and any other person pursuant to which any director or officer was or is to be selected as a director or officer.

Business Experience

Weilai Zhang, Director and Chairman

Mr. Zhang has been our director since August 2022 and will be appointed as the Chairman of our Board upon the effectiveness of this prospectus. Mr. Zhang is responsible for our overall strategic planning. He has extensive experience in business management and marketing, has incubated a series of fast-growing financial technology companies, and successfully invested in many start-up companies.

Siyu Yang, Chief Executive Officer and Director

Ms. Yang has been our Chief Executive Officer and director since October 2021 and is responsible for our overall strategic development. Ms. Yang has extensive knowledge in the investment field, as well as a solid foundation of business practice experience and professional skills. Before joining the Company, Ms. Yang, as the founder of Sichuan Xinhaisheng Labor Service Co., Ltd., served as that company’s Chief Executive Officer responsible for the strategy and project management of business output. She also served as a senior executive of a cultural communication company and was responsible for the national vocational education promotion and former vocational skills retraining. In addition, Ms. Yang has held key senior management positions throughout the company.

Bin Tan, Chief Operating Officer

Mr. Tan has served as our Chief Operating Officer since October 2021 and is responsible for the overall operation of our Internet platform. At the same time, Mr. Tan is also the vice president of our holding subsidiary Shenzhen Gongwuyuan Network Technology Co., Ltd. Before joining our company, Mr. Tan served as the general manager of the business unit in Shenzhen Diexun Technology Co., Ltd. from 2015 to 2018. Before that, Mr. Tan served as the

134

Table of Contents

general manager of the business department in Shenzhen Huanan Chengwang E-Commerce Co., Ltd. from 2012 to 2015. From 2007 to 2012, Mr. Tan served as the Director of Product Operations in Shenzhen Penghaiyun Electronic Data Interchange Co., Ltd.

Dian Zhang, Chief Financial Officer

Mr. Zhang has served as our Chief Financial Officer since June 2022. Before joining our company, Mr. Zhang worked as a headquarter analyst at Eaton Square M&A Advisory Firm in Australia from 2014 to 2020. Before that period, Mr. Zhang worked as an auditor at ShineWing Certified Public Accountants from 2009 to 2013. Mr. Zhang holds a Bachelor Degree of Management Accounting from Aston University, a Master Degree of Banking and Finance from Monash University, and a Master Degree of Financial Management from the Australian National University. In addition, Mr. Zhang is a fellow member of the Association of Chartered Certified Accountants in the United Kingdom.

Huashu Yuan, Director

Ms. Yuan will join the Company upon the effectiveness of this prospectus as an independent director. Ms. Yuan has extensive professional knowledge in the media field, as well as a solid foundation of business practice experience and professional skills. Before joining as a director, Ms. Yuan, as the social media specialist, worked for WG Empire in New York. Ms. Yuan received a Bachelor’s Degree in Communication and Rhetoric Studies at University of Wisconsin-Madison, and a Master Degree of Emerging Media Studies at Boston University.

Zicen Liao, Director

Ms. Liao will join the Company upon the effectiveness of this prospectus as an independent director. Ms. Liao is a professional investment manager with over 5 years of experience in conducting industry, market and company-specific research and financial due diligence, with a focus on start-up and growth companies. Ms. Liao is currently an investment manager in the M&A Department of Antelope Enterprise Holdings Limited (NASDAQ: AEHL) since 2021. Ms. Liao was previously a project manager in Transaction Advisory Services at Grant Thornton Advisory (Beijing Office, China) from 2016 to 2020, with over 3.5 years of experience in conducting financial due diligence. Ms. Liao holds two Bachelor degrees in Mathematics and Finance from Indiana University Bloomington, Indiana State, USA.

Xiaoyue Zhang, Director

Ms. Zhang will join the Company upon the effectiveness of this prospectus as an independent director. Ms. Zhang has been an investment manager with Antelope Enterprise Holdings Ltd. since May 2021. Prior to that, Ms. Zhang served as a securities affairs representative with Hiseas International Tourism Group from 2019 to 2021. Ms. Zhang was previously an auditor with BDO China Shu Lun Pan Certified Public Accountants LLP from 2018 to 2019. Ms. Zhang received a Bachelor of Accounting from University of Adelaide.

Family Relationships

None of the directors or executive officers have a family relationship as defined in Item 401 of Regulation S-K.

Terms of Directors and Executive Officers

Our amended and restated Memorandum and Articles provide that our board of directors is divided into three groups designated as Group I, Group II and Group III with as nearly equal a number of directors in each group as possible. Each director of each group shall, upon the expiration of his or her term, be eligible for re-election at an annual general meeting to hold office for a three-year term unless such director’s successor has been duly elected. Our board of directors will be divided into the following groups:

• Group I, consisting of Weilai Zhang, and shall serve his term of office until the third annual general meeting following his appointment;

• Group II, consisting of Siyu Yang and Xiaoyue Zhang, and serve their term of office until the second annual general meeting following their appointment; and

• Group III, consisting of Huashu Yuan and Zicen Liao, and shall serve term of office until the first annual general meeting following their appointment or for a term of at least one year (whichever is later).

135

Table of Contents

Each of our directors holds office until a successor has been duly elected and qualified unless the director was appointed by the board of directors, in which case such director holds office until the next annual meeting at which a Class is to be voted upon at which time such director is eligible for reelection. Unless fixed by ordinary resolution, the maximum number of directors shall be unlimited.

Each of our executive officers is appointed by and serve at the discretion of our board of directors.

Board Committees

The following committees in our board will be established upon the effectiveness of our registration statement: an audit committee, a compensation committee and a nomination and corporate governance committee. The committees will operate pursuant to a committee charter which will become effective upon the effectiveness of our registration statement.

Audit Committee. Our audit committee will consist of Zicen Liao, Xiaoyue Zhang and Huashu Yuan, and will be chaired by Zicen Liao. We have determined that each of these three director nominees satisfies the “independence” requirements of the Nasdaq listing rules and meet the independence standards under Rule 10A-3 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. We have determined that Zicen Liao qualifies as an “audit committee financial expert.” The audit committee will oversee our accounting and financial reporting processes and the audits of the financial statements of the Company. The audit committee will be responsible for, among other things:

• selecting the independent registered public accounting firm and pre-approving all auditing and non-auditing services permitted to be performed by the independent registered public accounting firm;

• reviewing with the independent registered public accounting firm any audit problems or difficulties and management’s response;

• reviewing and approving all related party transactions:

• discussing the annual audited financial statements with management and the independent registered public accounting firm;

• reviewing the adequacy and effectiveness of our accounting and internal control policies and procedures and any special steps taken to monitor and control major financial risk exposures;

• annually reviewing and reassessing the adequacy of our audit committee charter;

• meeting separately and periodically with management and the independent registered public accounting firm;

• monitoring compliance with our code of business conduct and ethics, including reviewing the adequacy and effectiveness of our procedures to ensure proper compliance; and

• reporting regularly to the board.

Compensation Committee. Our compensation committee will consist of Zicen Liao, Xiaoyue Zhang and Huashu Yuan, and will be chaired by Xiaoyue Zhang. We have determined that each of these directors satisfies the “independence” requirements of the Nasdaq listing rules. The compensation committee will assist the board in reviewing and approving the compensation structure, including all forms of compensation, relating to our directors and executive officers. Our chief executive officer may not be present at any committee meeting during which their compensation is deliberated upon. The compensation committee will be responsible for, among other things:

• reviewing and approving, or recommending to the board for its approval, the compensation for our chief executive officer and other executive officers;

• reviewing and recommending to the board for determination with respect to the compensation of our non-employee directors;

• reviewing periodically and approving any incentive compensation or equity plans, programs or other similar arrangements; and

• selecting compensation consultant, legal counsel or other adviser only after taking into consideration all factors relevant to that person’s independence from management.

136

Table of Contents

Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee. Our nominating and corporate governance committee will consist of Zicen Liao, Xiaoyue Zhang and Huashu Yuan, and will be chaired by Huashu Yuan. We have determined that each of these directors satisfies the “independence” requirements of the Nasdaq listing rules. The nominating and corporate governance committee will assist the board in selecting individuals qualified to become our directors and in determining the composition of the board and its committees. The nominating and corporate governance committee will be responsible for, among other things:

• recommending nominees to the board for election or re-election to the board, or for appointment to fill any vacancy on the board;

• reviewing annually with the board the current composition of the board with regards to characteristics such as independence, knowledge, skills, experience, expertise, diversity and availability of service to us;

• selecting and recommending to the board the names of directors to serve as members of the audit committee and the compensation committee, as well as of the nominating and corporate governance committee itself;

• developing and reviewing the corporate governance principles adopted by the board and advising the board with respect to significant developments in the law and practice of corporate governance and our compliance with such laws and practices; and

• evaluating the performance and effectiveness of the board as a whole.

Code of Business Conduct and Ethics

Upon the effectiveness of our registration statement, our board of directors will adopt a Code of Business Conduct and Ethics that applies to our directors, officers, and employees. Any waivers of any provision of the Business Conduct and Ethics Code for our directors or officers may be granted only by the board of directors or a committee appointed by the board of directors. Any waivers of any provisions of this Business Conduct and Ethics Code for an employee or a representative may be granted only by our chief executive officer or principal accounting officer. We will file a copy of the Business Conduct and Ethics Code with the SEC as an exhibit and will make it available on our website at www.gwyapp.com. In addition, we will provide any person, without charge, a copy of the Business Conduct and Ethics Code. Requests for a copy of the Business Conduct and Ethics Code may be made by writing to the Company at Baiya International Group Inc., Yifang Capital Industrial Park, No. 33 Pingshan Industrial Road, Building A, 16F, Tangxia, Dongguan, Guangdong, China; attention: Corporate Secretary.

Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation

None of the members of the compensation committee is currently, or has been at any time, one of our officers or employees. None of our executive officers currently serves, or has served during the last calendar year, as a member of the board of directors or compensation committee of any entity that has one or more executive officers serving as a member of our board of directors or compensation committee.

Indemnification Agreements

We intend to execute a standard form of indemnification agreement (“Indemnification Agreement”) with our board members and executive officers (each, an “Indemnitee”). Pursuant to and subject to the terms, conditions and limitations set forth in the Indemnification Agreement, we will agree to indemnify each Indemnitee, against any and all expenses incurred in connection with the Indemnitee’s service as our officer, director and or agent, or while serving at our request as a director, officer, employee, agent or advisor of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust, limited liability company, or other entity or enterprise but only if the Indemnitee acted in good faith and in a manner he reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to our best interest, and in the case of a criminal proceeding, had no reasonable cause to believe that his conduct was unlawful. In addition, the indemnification that will be provided in the indemnification agreement will be applicable whether or not negligence or gross negligence of the Indemnitee is alleged or proven. Additionally, the Indemnification Agreement establishes processes and procedures for indemnification claims, advancement of expenses and costs and contribution obligations.

137

Table of Contents

Summary Compensation Table

The following table sets forth certain information with respect to compensation for the fiscal years ended 2022 and 2021 paid to our executive officers.

Name and Principal Position	Year	Salary ($)	Bonus ($)	Other ($)		Total ($)
Siyu Yang, Chief Executive Officer(1)	2022	—	—	—		—
	2021	—	—	—		—
Bin Tan, Chief Operating Officer and	2022	4,458	—	26,828	*	31,286
Vice President of Gongwuyuan(2)	2021	9,330	—	29,451	*	38,781
Dian Zhang, Chief Financial Officer(3)	2022	8,699	—	—		8,699
	2021	—	—	—		—

____________

(1) Ms. Yang was appointed as our Chief Executive Officer in October 2021. Reflects pro-rata compensation since appointment in October 2021.

(2) Mr. Tan was appointed as our Chief Operating Officer in October 2021. Total compensation reflects pro-rata compensation since appointment as Chief Operating Officer in October 2021 and compensation in connection with his position as Vice President of Gongwuyuan.

(3) Mr. Zhang was appointed as our Chief Financial Officer in June 2022.

* Includes performance award, overtime salary, subsidies and other compensation paid in connection with Mr. Tan’s services as Vice President of Gongwuyuan.

Our PRC subsidiary and consolidated variable interest entities are required by law to make contributions equal to certain percentages of each employee’s salary for his or her pension insurance, medical insurance, unemployment insurance and other statutory benefits and a housing provident fund.

We have not set aside or accrued any amount to provide pension, retirement or other similar benefits to our executive officers and directors.

Benefit Plans

We do not have any profit sharing plan or similar plans for the benefit of our officers, directors or employees. However, we may establish such plan in the future.

Agreements with Executive Officers

We have entered into employment agreement with our named executive officers: (i) our Chief Executive Officer, Siyu Yang, effective October 1, 2021, (ii) our Chief Operating Officer, Bin Tan, effective October 1, 2021, and (iii) our Chief Financial Officer, Dian Zhang, effective June 27, 2022. The employment agreement with each of the following individuals provides for the initial annual base salary, payment of which, either completely or in part, is deferred until the IPO.

Name and Position		Initial Annual Base Salary (RMB)
Siyu Yang, Chief Executive Officer		120,000
Bin Tan, Chief Operating Officer		120,000
Dian Zhang, Chief Financial Officer		120,000

Unless otherwise indicated, the following material terms of employment agreements apply to all of the executive officers named above. The employment agreements provide that any increases in the base salary for years beyond the first year of employment shall be in the sole discretion of our Board. In addition, the employment agreements provide for at-will employment and may be terminated voluntarily by an executive officer or by us without cause, with thirty (30) days advanced written notice as set forth in the employment agreement. The executive officer’s salary and benefits will remain unchanged during the notice period. However, if we terminate the executive officer without cause, we may, in our sole discretion, provide a severance pay in the amount corresponding to the remaining notice period in lieu of actual employment. In addition, we are not required to maintain the executive officer in active employment for the duration of the notice period.

138

Table of Contents

If the employment agreement is terminated by us for cause, we are not required to give any advanced written notice of such termination. The employment agreement will also terminate if the executive officer is unable to perform his/her position’s duties due to death or disability lasting more than 90 days.

In addition, the VIE entered into an employment agreement with our COO and its Vice President, Mr. Bin Tan, effective September 28, 2021. Mr. Tan is an “at-will” employee with the VIE.

Compensation of Directors

For the fiscal years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, we did not compensate our directors for their services. After the close of this offering, the board of directors will consider compensation for each independent director for services as such and for each board of director committee meeting which they attend.

139

Table of Contents

PRINCIPAL SHAREHOLDERS

As used in this section, the term “beneficial ownership” with respect to a security is defined by Rule 13d-3 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, as consisting of sole or shared voting power (including the power to vote or direct the vote) and/or sole or shared investment power (including the power to dispose of or direct the disposition of) with respect to the security through any contract, arrangement, understanding, relationship or otherwise, subject to community property laws where applicable.

The following table sets forth, as of the date of this registration statement, information concerning the beneficial ownership of Ordinary Shares held by our directors, our executive officers, our directors and executive officers as a group, and each person known by us to be a beneficial owner of more than 5% of our outstanding Ordinary Shares. Unless otherwise indicated, the business address of each of our directors, executive officers and beneficial owners of more than 5% of our outstanding Ordinary Shares is c/o Baiya International Group Inc., Yifang Capital Industrial Park, No. 33 Pingshan Industrial Road, Building A, 16F, Tangxia, Dongguan, Guangdong, China. Each person has sole voting and investment power with respect to the Ordinary Shares, except as otherwise indicated. Beneficial ownership consists of a direct interest in the Ordinary Shares, except as otherwise indicated.

We have based our calculation of the percentage of beneficial ownership prior to this offering on 10,000,000 Ordinary Shares outstanding as of the date of this registration statement. We have based our calculation of the percentage of beneficial ownership after this offering on 13,000,000 Ordinary Shares outstanding immediately after the completion of this offering, assuming no exercise by the underwriters of their option to purchase additional shares and assuming that none of our officers, directors or 5% or greater beneficial owners of our Ordinary Shares will purchase shares in this offering. We have determined beneficial ownership in accordance with the rules of the SEC, which includes shares underlying any security of which that person has a right to acquire beneficial ownership within 60 days. We did not deem such underlying shares outstanding, however, for the purpose of computing the percentage ownership of any other person.

	Shares Beneficially Owned Prior to this Offering(1)			Shares Beneficially Owned After this Offering(2)
Name of Shareholders	Number	%		Number	%
Executive Officers and Directors
Weilai Zhang(3)	947,000	9.5	%	947,000	7.28	%
Siyu Yang(4)	689,000	6.89	%	689,000	5.30	%
Bin Tan(5)	379,000	3.8	%	379,000	2.92	%
Dian Zhang	0	*		0	*
Huashu Yuan	0	*		0	*
Zicen Lao	0	*		0	*
Xiaoyue Zhang	0	*		0	*
Officers and Directors as a Group (7 persons)	2,015,000	20.15	%	2,015,000	15.50	%

5% or more shareholders(17)
Hemei International Group Ltd.(6)	1,053,000	10.5	%	1,053,000	8.10	%
Daoning Xia(6)(7)	5,869,000	58.7	%	5,869,000	45.15	%
Huiwan Holdings Ltd.(3)	947,000	9.5	%	947,000	7.28	%
Datong International Group Ltd.(8)	921,000	9.2	%	921,000	7.08	%
Hesheng International Group Ltd.(9)	842,000	8.4	%	842,000	6.48	%
Xinyi International Group Ltd.(10)	842,000	8.4	%	842,000	6.48	%
Dongsheng International Group Ltd.(11)	828,400	8.3	%	828,400	6.37	%
Hanjin International Group Ltd.(12)	758,000	7.6	%	758,000	5.83	%
Hongtai International Group Ltd.(13)	758,000	7.6	%	758,000	5.83	%
Hongfeng International Group Ltd.(14)	700,000	7.0	%	700,000	5.38	%
Yilong International Group Ltd.(15)	695,000	6.9	%	695,000	5.35	%
Baisheng International Group Ltd.(16)	689,000	6.9	%	689,000	5.30	%
Dafu International Group Ltd.(17)	504,600	5.0	%	504,600	3.88	%

____________

Notes:

* Less than one percent (1%).

(1) Based on 10,000,000 Ordinary Shares outstanding.

(2) Assumes that all Ordinary Shares are sold in the offering.

140

Table of Contents

(3) Mr. Zhang is our Chairman of the Board. Represents 947,000 shares held by Huiwan Holdings Limited., of which Mr. Zhang is its sole shareholder and director. As such, Mr. Zhang may be deemed to beneficially own such shares held by Huiwan Holdings Limited.

(4) Ms. Yang is our Chief Executive Officer and director. Represents 689,000 shares held by Baisheng International Group Ltd., of which Ms. Yang is its sole director and holds 13.3% of its equity interest. Ms. Yang disclaims beneficial ownership of the shares held by Baisheng International Group Ltd., except to the extent of her pecuniary interest therein.

(5) Mr. Tan is our Chief Operating Officer. Represents 379,000 shares held by Hongtai International Group Ltd., of which 50.0% of its equity interests is held by Yongli Holdings Limited, which is ultimately controlled by Mr. Tan. Mr. Tan disclaims beneficial ownership of the shares held by Hongtai International Group Inc., except to the extent of his pecuniary interest therein.

(6) Represents 1,053,000 shares held by Hemei International Group Ltd, of which (i) 51.0% of its equity interest is held by Xiangxiu Wang and (ii) 49.0% of its equity interest is held by Daoning Xia. Xiangxiu Wang is the sole director of Hemei International Group Ltd. and may be deemed to have voting and dispositive control over the shares held by Hemei International Group Ltd. Xiangxiu Wang disclaims beneficial ownership of all shares held by Hemei International Group Ltd., except to the extent of her pecuniary interest therein.

(7) Pursuant to a voting rights proxy agreement dated November 13, 2022, with an effective date as of December 29, 2021, Mr. Daoning Xia has the right to vote and may be deemed to beneficially own 5,869,000 of our ordinary shares, which consists of (i) 1,053,000 shares held by Hemei International Group Ltd., (ii) 921,000 shares held by Datong International Group Ltd., (iii) 842,000 shares held by Hesheng International Group Ltd., (iv) 842,000 shares held by Xinyi International Group Ltd., (v) 758,000 shares held by Hongtai International Group Ltd., (vi) 758,000 shares held by Hanjin International Group Ltd., and (vii) 695,000 shares held by Yilong International Group Ltd. Either Mr. Xia or a majority of the shareholders who have entered the voting rights proxy agreement has the right to terminate such voting rights proxy agreement upon 30 days written notice.

(8) Represents 921,000 shares held by Datong International Group Ltd., of which (i) approximately 54.3% of its equity interest is held by Chuanshi Holdings Ltd., which is ultimately controlled by Chao Chen, and (ii) approximately 45.7% of its equity interest is held by Fahe Holdings Ltd., which is ultimately controlled by Huiyuan Pan. Yuqin Huang is the sole director of Datong International Group Inc., and may be deemed to have voting and dispositive control over the shares held by Datong International Group Inc. Yuqin Huang disclaims beneficial ownership of the shares held by Datong International Group Ltd.

(9) Represents 842,000 shares held by Hesheng International Group Ltd., of which (i) 50.0% of its equity interest is held by Qiming Holdings Ltd., which is ultimately controlled by Yan Wang, and (ii) 50.0% of its equity interest is held by Huihua Holdings Ltd., which is ultimately controlled by Ling Liu. Ling Liu is the sole director of Hesheng International Group Inc., and may be deemed to have voting and dispositive control over the shares held by Hesheng International Group Inc. Ling Liu disclaims beneficial ownership of the shares held by Hesheng International Group Inc., except to the extent of her pecuniary interest therein.

(10) Represents 842,000 shares held by Xinyi International Group Ltd., of which (i) 50.0% of its equity interest is held by Mingsheng Holdings Ltd., which is ultimately controlled by Xiaoping Li, (ii) 44.8% of its equity interest is held by Prima Network Financial Group Ltd., which is ultimately controlled by Chiho Tong, and (iii) 5.2% of its equity interest is held by Yibo Holdings Ltd., which is ultimately controlled by Caiyun Yan. Shenrong Chen is the sole director of Xinyi International Group Ltd., and may be deemed to have voting and dispositive control over the shares held by Xinyi International Group Ltd. Shenrong Chen disclaims beneficial ownership of all shares held by Xinyi International Group Ltd.

(11) Represents 828,400 shares held by Dongsheng International Group Ltd., of which (i) approximately 60.4% of its equity interest is held by Jun Liu and (ii) approximately 39.6% of its equity interest is held by Lei Deng. Lei Deng is the sole director of Dongsheng International Group Ltd. and may be deemed to have voting and dispositive control over the shares held by Dongsheng International Group Ltd. Lei Deng disclaims beneficial ownership of the shares held by Dongsheng International Group Ltd., except to the extent of his pecuniary interest therein.

(12) Represents 758,000 shares held by Hanjin International Group Ltd., of which (i) approximately 55.6% of its equity interest is held by Yongyi Holdings Ltd., which is ultimately controlled by Wenhao Liang, and (ii) approximately 44.4% of its equity interest is held by Hongjiu Holdings Ltd., which is ultimately controlled by Dujiao Zhang. Dujiao Zhang is the sole director of Hanjin International Group Ltd., and may be deemed to have voting and dispositive control over the shares held by Hanjin International Group Ltd. Dujiao Zhang disclaims beneficial ownership of all shares held by Hanjin International Group Ltd., except to the extent of her pecuniary interest therein.

(13) Represents 758,000 shares held by Hongtai International Group Ltd., of which (i) 50.0% of its equity interest is held by Yongli Holdings Ltd., which is ultimately controlled by Bin Tan, our Chief Operating Officer, and (ii) 50.0% of its equity interest is held by Tongyi Holdings Ltd., which is ultimately controlled by Yanchun Zhu. Yanchun Zhu is the sole director of Hongtai International Group, and may be deemed to have voting and dispositive control over the shares held by Hongtai International Group. Yanchun Zhu disclaims beneficial ownership of all shares held by Hongtai International Group, except to the extent of her pecuniary interest therein.

141

Table of Contents

(14) Represents 700,000 shares held by Hongfeng International Group Ltd, of which (i) approximately 71.4% of its equity interest is held by Jianhua Wang, (ii) approximately 11.4% of its equity interest is held by Chaojian Lin, (iii) approximately 8.6% of its equity interest is held by Yujun Zhong, and (iv) approximately 8.6% of its equity interest is held by Liang Xu. Liang Xu is the sole director of Hongfeng International Group Ltd. and may be deemed to have voting and dispositive control over the shares held by Hongfeng International Group Ltd. Liang Xu disclaims beneficial ownership of the shares held by Hongfeng International Group Ltd., except to the extent of his pecuniary interest therein.

(15) Represents 695,000 shares held by Yilong International Group Ltd., of which (i) 54.5% of its equity interest is held by Shili Holdings Ltd., which is ultimately controlled by Yao’an Zhou, and (ii) 45.5% of its equity interest is held by Jiufu Holdings Ltd., which is ultimately controlled by Bendian Fang. Yao’an Zhou is the sole director of Yilong International Group Ltd., and may be deemed to have voting and dispositive control over the shares held by Yilong International Group Ltd. Yao’an Zhou disclaims beneficial ownership of all shares held by Yilong International Group Ltd., except to the extent of her pecuniary interest therein.

(16) Represents 689,000 shares held by Baisheng International Group Ltd., of which (i) approximately 57.7% of its equity interest is held by Ze Yang, (ii) approximately 29.1% of its equity interest is held by Tianxu Huang, and (iii) approximately 13.3% of its equity interest is held by Siyu Yang, our Chief Executive Director and director. Siyu Yang is the sole director of Baisheng International Group, and may be deemed to have voting and dispositive control over the shares held by Baisheng International Group. Siyu Yang each disclaims beneficial ownership of such shares held by Baisheng International Group, except to the extent of her respective pecuniary interest therein.

(17) Represents 504,600 shares held by Dafu International Group Ltd., of which (i) approximately 79.2% of its equity interest is held by Min Yu, (ii) approximately 13.8% of its equity interest is held by Hailin Huang, and (iii) approximately 7.1% of its equity interest is held by Shulan Zhao. Shulan Zhao is the sole director of Dafu International Group Ltd., and may be deemed to have voting and dispositive control over the shares held by Dafu International Group Ltd. Shulan Zhao disclaims beneficial ownership of such shares held by Dafu International Group Ltd., except to the extent of their respective pecuniary interest therein.

(18) Unless otherwise indicated, the business address for each entity is Craigmuir Chambers, Road Town, Tortola VG 1110, British Virgin Islands.

142

Table of Contents

RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

Contractual Arrangements with the VIE and its Shareholders

We conduct our operations in China through our PRC operating entities. For a description of these contractual arrangements, see “Corporate History and Structure — Contractual Arrangements among Pengze WFOE, Gongwuyuan, and the Shareholders of the VIE.”

Employment Agreements

See “Management — Agreements with Executive Officers.”

Indemnification Agreements

See “Management — Indemnification Agreements.”

Material Transactions with Related Parties

Due from related parties

The Company periodically loans funds to its related parties for business purposes. The balance due from related parties is typically interest-free and due upon demand. As of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company had the total amounts due from related parties of $1.8 million and $2.0 million, respectively, which were mainly due from the shareholder of the Company and the founder of the VIE, Mr. Daoning Xia (“Mr. Xia”), Ms. Guoping Xia (“Ms. Xia”) who is the sister of Mr. Xia, and their affiliated entities. As of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the amount due from Mr. Xia and his affiliated companies were $0.9 million and $0.8 million, respectively. As of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the amount due from Ms. Xia and her affiliated companies were $0.8 million and $0.9 million, respectively. As of the date of this registration statement, the partial balance of amount due from Mr. Xia and Ms. Xia was repaid pursuant to the debt settlement agreement between Mr. Xia and Mr. Weilai Zhang (“Mr. Zhang”), a shareholder and Director of the Company, the balance of amount due from Mr. Xia and Ms. Xia as of December 31, 2022 was partially settled by Mr. Zhang on behalf of Mr. Xia as a result of payment made by Mr. Zhang for a total of $932,017 professional service fee associated with the Company’s initial public offering during the period from March 2022 to December 2022, which was recorded as the Company’s liabilities due to Mr. Zhang during such period.

Due to related parties

The amount due to related parties represents the funds provided by companies controlled by Mr. Zhang, Mr. Xia and Mr. Xiaojun Wang the director of the VIE’s subsidiary, for the Company’s working capital needs and the payable balances for expenses and reimbursement in normal business courses. As of June 30, 2023, December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company had the total amounts due to related parties of $1,555,181, $1,498,328 and $216,914, of which $1,521,319, $1,491,474 and $188,280 was due to related party for working capital purposes, respectively. As of the date of this registration statement, none of the balances as of June 30, 2023 has been repaid.

Related Party Transactions

During the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company provided entrust recruitment services to a related party company that is controlled by Mr. Xia and generated service revenue of $70,582 and $78,608, respectively.

During the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company provided entrust recruitment services to related party companies and generated service revenue of $135,029 and $76,913, respectively.

During the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company entered several operating lease agreements with companies controlled by Mr. Xia, pursuant to which the rental expenses were $94,015 and $126,884, respectively.

During the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company entered several operating lease agreements with companies controlled by Mr. Xia, pursuant to which the rental expenses were $158,063 and $168,804, respectively.

143

Table of Contents

Guarantees by Related Parties

On February 22, 2022, Dongguan Gongwuyuan Yifang Talent Service Co., Ltd. (“Yifang”) entered into a two-year loan with Huaneng Guicheng Trust to obtain a loan of $138,870 (or RMB 900,000) for a term from February 22, 2022 to February 22, 2024 at a fixed interest rate of 7.2%. The loan is guaranteed by Mr. Xingbo Wang, the legal representative of Yifang. Yifang had $47,280 outstanding balance as of June 30, 2023.

On February 23, 2022, Yifang entered into a two-year loan with the WeBank to obtain a loan of $154,300 (or RMB 1,000,000) for a term from February 23, 2022 to February 22, 2024 at a fixed interest rate of 7.2%. This loan is guaranteed by Mr. Xingbo Wang, the legal representative of Yifang. The Company is required to make monthly interest and principal payment. Yifang had $52,533 outstanding balance as of June 30, 2023.

On April 20, 2022, Yifang entered into two two-year loan with the WeBank to obtain a loan of $154,300 (or RMB 1,000,000) for a term from April 20, 2022 to April 22, 2024 at a fixed interest rate of 7.2%. The loan is guaranteed by Mr. Xingbo Wang, the legal representative of Yifang. Yifang had $65,667 outstanding balance as of June 30, 2023.

On March 24, 2022, Gongwuyuan entered into a two-year loan with the WeBank to obtain a loan of $154,300 (or RMB 1,000,000) for a term from March 24, 2022 to March 24, 2024 at a fixed interest rate of 9.45%. This loan was guaranteed by Mr. Peng Yao, the legal representative of Gongwuyuan. The Company is required to make monthly interest and principal payment. As of June 30, 2023, Gongwuyuan repaid the loan in full.

On May 31, 2022, Gongwuyuan entered into a two-year loan with the WeBank for $30,860 (or RMB 200,000) for a term from May 31, 2022 to May 24, 2024 at a fixed interest rate of 10.08%. This loan was guaranteed by Mr. Peng Yao, the legal representative of Gongwuyuan. The Company is required to make monthly interest and principal payment. As of June 30, 2023, Gongwuyuan repaid the loan in full.

On May 31, 2022, Gongwuyuan entered into a two-year loan with the WeBank for $154,300 (or RMB 1,000,000) for a term from May 31, 2022 to May 24, 2024 at a fixed interest rate of 10.08%. This loan was guaranteed by Mr. Peng Yao, the legal representative of Gongwuyuan. The Company is required to make monthly interest and principal payment. As of June 30, 2023, Gongwuyuan repaid the loan in full.

On July 1, 2022, Gongwuyuan entered into a two-year loan with the WeBank for $130,491 (or RMB 900,000) for a term from July 1, 2022 to June 24, 2024 at a fixed interest rate of 8.46%. This loan was guaranteed by Mr. Peng Yao, the legal representative of Gongwuyuan. The Company is required to make monthly interest and principal payment. As of June 30, 2023, Gongwuyuan repaid the loan in full.

On March 3, 2023, Gongwuyuan entered into a two-year loan with the WeBank to obtain a loan of $96,530 (or RMB 700,000) for a term from March 3, 2023 to February 24, 2025 at a fixed interest rate of 14.26%. This loan was guaranteed by Mr. Peng Yao, the legal representative of Gongwuyuan. The Company is required to make monthly interest and principal payment. As of June 30, 2023, Gongwuyuan had outstanding balance of $96,530.

On March 8, 2023, Gongwuyuan entered into a two-year loan with the WeBank to obtain a loan of $28,998 (or RMB 200,000) for a term from March 8, 2023 to February 24, 2025 at a fixed interest rate of 15.84%. This loan was guaranteed by Mr. Peng Yao, the legal representative of Gongwuyuan. The Company is required to make monthly interest and principal payment. As of June 30, 2023, Gongwuyuan repaid the loans in full.

On March 16, 2023, Gongwuyuan entered into two two-year loans with the WeBank to obtain a loan of $72,495 (or RMB 500,000) and a loan of $144,990 (or RMB 1,000,000), respectively, for a term from March 16, 2023 to March 24, 2025 at a fixed interest rate of 8.35%. These loan was guaranteed by Mr. Peng Yao, the legal representative of Gongwuyuan. The Company is required to make monthly interest and principal payment. As of June 30, 2023, Gongwuyuan had had outstanding balance of $46,943 and 126,696, respectively.

On March 20, 2023, Gongwuyuan entered into a two-year loan with the WeBank to obtain a loan of $115,992 (or RMB 800,000) for a term from March 20, 2023 to March 24, 2025 at a fixed interest rate of 8.82%. This loan was guaranteed by Mr. Peng Yao, the legal representative of Gongwuyuan. As of June 30, 2023, Gongwuyuan had outstanding balance of $99,288.

144

Table of Contents

On March 30, 2023, Gongwuyuan entered into a two-year loan with the Bank of Communications to obtain a loan of $75,250 (or RMB 519,000) for a term from March 30, 2023 to March 29, 2025 at a fixed interest rate of 4.95%. The Company is required to make monthly interest and principal payment. As of June 30, 2023, Gongwuyuan had outstanding balance of $71,570.

On April 21, 2023, Gongwuyuan entered into a one-year loan with the China Construction Bank to obtain a loan of $232,060 (or RMB 1,600,521) for a term from April 21, 2023 to April 21, 2024 at a fixed interest rate of 3.8%. This loan was guaranteed by Mr. Peng Yao, the legal representative of Gongwuyuan. The Company is required to make monthly interest and principal payment. As of June 30, 2023, Gongwuyuan had outstanding balance of $220,712.

On February 28, 2023, Zhongshan Jushangyue entered into a three-month short term loan with the Fulong Loan Company to obtain a loan of $84,819 (or RMB 585,000), for a term from February 28, 2023 to May 31, 2023 at a fixed interest rate of 14.4%. This loan was guaranteed by the Company’s accounts receivable. As of June 30, 2023, Zhongshan Jushangyue repaid the loan in full.

On March 22, 2023, Zhongshan Jushangyue entered into a three-month short term loan with the Fulong Loan Company to obtain a loan of $216,035 (or RMB 1,490,000), for a term from March 22, 2023 to June 30, 2023 at a fixed interest rate of 14.4%. This loan was guaranteed by the Company’s accounts receivable. As of the date of this registration statement, Zhongshan Jushangyue repaid the loan in full.

On May 25, 2023, Zhongshan Jushangyue entered into a two-month short term loan with the Fulong Loan Company to obtain a loan of $111,207 (or RMB 767,000), for a term from May 25, 2023 to July 30, 2023 at a fixed interest rate of 14.4%. This loan was guaranteed by the Company’s accounts receivable. As of June 30, 2023, Zhongshan Jushangyue repaid the loan in full.

On June 25, 2023, Zhongshan Jushangyue entered into a three-month short term loan with the Fulong Loan Company to obtain a loan of $109,757 (or RMB 757,000), for a term from June 25, 2023 to September 30, 2023 at a fixed interest rate of 14.4%. This loan was guaranteed by the Company’s accounts receivable. As of June 30, 2023, Zhongshan Jushangyue had outstanding balance of $104,390, and repaid the loan in full in October 2023.

On August 24, 2023, Gongwuyuan entered into a two-year loans with the China Minsheng Bank to obtain a loan of $55,022 (or RMB 399,000), for a term from August 24, 2023 to August 24, 2025 at a fixed interest rate of 11.16%. The loan was guaranteed by Mr. Peng Yao, the legal representative of Gongwuyuan. The Company is required to make monthly interest and principal payment. As of the date of this registration statement, Gongwuyuan had outstanding balance of $50,437.

On September 25, 2023, Yifang entered into a two-year loan with the WeBank to obtain a loan of $28,959 (or RMB 210,000) for a term from September 25, 2023 to September 22, 2025 at a fixed interest rate of 12.78%. This loan was guaranteed by Mr. Xingbo Wang, the legal representative of Yifang. The Company is required to make monthly interest and principal payment. As of the date of this registration statement, Gongwuyuan had outstanding balance of $28,959.

Policies and Procedures for Related Party Transactions

Following the completion of this offering, our audit committee will have the primary responsibility for reviewing and approving or disapproving “related party transactions,” which are transactions between us and related persons in which the aggregate amount involved exceeds or may be expected to exceed the lesser of $120,000 or 1% of the average of our total assets at yearend for the last two completed fiscal years, and in which a related person has or will have a direct or indirect material interest. Upon completion of this offering, our policy regarding transactions between us and related persons will provide that a related person is defined as a director, executive officer, nominee for director or greater than 5% beneficial owner of our ordinary shares, in each case since the beginning of the most recently completed year and any of their immediate family members. Our audit committee charter that will be in effect upon completion of this offering will provide that our audit committee will review and approve or disapprove any related party transactions.

145

Table of Contents

DESCRIPTION OF SHARE CAPITAL

We are an exempted company with limited liability incorporated under the laws of the Cayman Islands and our affairs are governed by our amended and restated memorandum and articles of association (which we refer to as our Memorandum and Articles below), the Companies Act and the common law of the Cayman Islands. The following description of our Ordinary Shares and provisions of our Memorandum and Articles are summaries, are not intended to be complete and are qualified in their entirety by reference such Memorandum and Articles, copies of which have been filed as exhibits to our registration statement, of which this prospectus forms a part.

Ordinary Shares

General. We are authorized to issue 400,000,000 Ordinary Shares of par value $0.0001 each, and immediately prior to the close of this offering, there will be 10,000,000 Ordinary Shares issued and outstanding. All of our outstanding Ordinary Shares are fully paid and non-assessable. Certificates representing the Ordinary Shares are issued in registered form. Our shareholders, whether or not they are non-residents of the Cayman Islands, may freely hold and transfer their Ordinary Shares in accordance with the Memorandum and Articles.

Dividends. The holders of our Ordinary Shares are entitled to such dividends as may be declared by our board of directors. Our Articles provide that our board of directors may declare and pay dividends if justified by our financial position and permitted by law.

Voting Rights. In respect of all matters subject to a shareholders’ vote, each Ordinary Share is entitled to one vote. Voting at any meeting of shareholders is by show of hands unless voting by way of a poll is required by the rules of any stock exchange on which our shares are listed for trading, or a poll is demanded by the chairman of such meeting or one or more shareholders holding not less than 10% of the total voting rights of all shareholders having the right to vote at the meeting. A quorum required for a meeting of shareholders consists of one or more shareholders who holds at least a majority of our issued voting shares. Shareholders’ meetings, if the directors consider necessary or desirable, may be held annually. Each general meeting, other than an annual general meeting, shall be an extraordinary general meeting. Extraordinary general meetings may be called by a majority of our board of directors or upon a requisition of shareholders holding at the date of deposit of the requisition not less than 10% of the paid up voting share capital of our company, in which case an advance notice of at least twenty-one (21) clear days is required for the convening of our annual general meeting and other general meetings by requisition of the shareholders. An ordinary resolution to be passed at a meeting by the shareholders requires the affirmative vote of a simple majority of the votes attaching to the Ordinary Shares cast at a meeting, while a special resolution requires the affirmative vote of no less than two-thirds of the votes attaching to the Ordinary Shares cast at a meeting. A special resolution will be required for important matters such as a change of name or making changes to our Memorandum and Articles.

Transfer of Ordinary Shares. Subject to the restrictions set out below, any of our shareholders may transfer all or any of his or her Ordinary Shares by an instrument of transfer in the usual or common form or any other form approved by our board of directors. Our board of directors may, in its absolute discretion, decline to register any transfer of any Ordinary Shares irrespective of whether the shares are fully paid or the Company has no lien over it. If our board of directors refuses to register a transfer, it shall, within two months after the date on which the transfer was lodged, send to each of the transferor and the transferee notice of such refusal. Upon completion of this offering, we intend to waive our right to refuse transfers of any Ordinary Shares. The registration of transfers may, after compliance with any notice required of the stock exchange on which our shares are listed, be suspended at such times and for such periods as our board of directors may determine, provided, however, that the registration of transfers shall not be suspended for more than 45 days in any year as our board of directors may determine.

Calls on Ordinary Shares and Forfeiture of Ordinary Shares. Our board of directors may from time to time make calls upon shareholders for any amounts unpaid on their Ordinary Shares in a notice served to such shareholders at least 14 clear days prior to the specified time of payment. The Ordinary Shares that have been called upon and remain unpaid are subject to forfeiture.

Redemption of Ordinary Shares. The Companies Act and our Memorandum and Articles permit us to purchase our own shares. In accordance with our Articles provided the necessary shareholders or board approval have been obtained, we may issue shares on terms that are subject to redemption at our option on such terms and in such manner, provided the requirements under the Companies Act have been satisfied, including out of capital, as may be determined by our board of directors.

146

Table of Contents

Inspection of Books and Records. Holders of our Ordinary Shares have no general right under our Articles to inspect or obtain copies of our list of shareholders or our corporate records. However, we will provide our shareholders with annual audited financial statements. See “Where You Can Find Additional Information.”

Issuance of Additional Shares. Our Memorandum authorizes our board of directors to issue additional Ordinary Shares from time to time as our board of directors shall determine, to the extent of available authorized but unissued shares. Issuance of these shares may dilute the voting power of holders of Ordinary Shares.

Anti-Takeover Provisions. Some provisions of our Memorandum and Articles may discourage, delay or prevent a change of control of our company or management that shareholders may consider favorable, including provisions limit the ability of shareholders to requisition and convene general meetings of shareholders. Our Memorandum and Articles provide that our board of directors is classified into three classes of directors with staggered three year terms. A third party may be discouraged from making a tender offer or otherwise attempting to obtain control of us as it is more difficult and time consuming for shareholders to replace a majority of the directors on a classified board of directors. Our Memorandum and Articles allow our shareholders holding shares representing in aggregate not less than 10% of all votes attaching to all of our paid up share capital (as to the total consideration paid for such shares) in issue to requisition an extraordinary general meeting of our shareholders, in which case our directors are obliged to call such meeting and to put the resolutions so requisitioned to a vote at such meeting. Our authorized, but unissued Ordinary Shares are available for future issuance without shareholders’ approval and could be utilized for a variety of corporate purposes, including future offerings to raise additional capital, acquisitions and employee benefit plans. The existence of authorized but unissued and unreserved Ordinary Shares could render more difficult or discourage an attempt to obtain control by us by means of a proxy contest, tender offer, merger or otherwise.

Preferred Shares

We are authorized to issue 100,000,000 Preferred Shares of par value $0.0001 each, of which none are outstanding as the date of this prospectus.

The directors may fix, by resolution or resolutions, the designation of such series and the number of Preferred Shares to constitute such series, and the variations in the relative rights (including, without limitation, voting, dividend, return of capital, redemption, liquidation, and conversion rights), restrictions, preferences, privileges and payment obligations as between the different classes (if any) shall be fixed and determined by the directors.

Differences in Corporate Law

The Companies Act is modeled after that of English law but does not follow many recent English law statutory enactments. In addition, the Companies Act differs from laws applicable to United States corporations and their shareholders. Set forth below is a summary of some of the significant differences between the provisions of the Companies Act applicable to us and the laws applicable to companies incorporated in the State of Delaware.

Mergers and Similar Arrangements.

The Companies Act permits mergers and consolidations between Cayman Islands companies and between Cayman Islands companies and non-Cayman Islands companies. For these purposes, a “merger” means the merging of two or more constituent companies and the vesting of their undertaking, property and liabilities in one of such companies as the surviving company, and a “consolidation” means the combination of two or more constituent companies into a consolidated company and the vesting of the undertaking, property and liabilities of such companies to the consolidated company.

In order to effect a merger or consolidation, the directors of each constituent company must approve a written plan of merger or consolidation, which must then be authorized by a special resolution of the shareholders of each constituent company, and such other authorization, if any, as may be specified in such constituent company’s articles of association. A merger between a Cayman Islands parent company and its Cayman Islands subsidiary or subsidiaries does not require authorization by a resolution of shareholders of that Cayman Islands subsidiary if a copy of the plan of merger is given to every member of that Cayman Islands subsidiary to be merged unless that member agrees otherwise. For this purpose, a subsidiary is a company of which at least ninety percent (90%) of the issued shares entitled to vote are owned by the parent company.

147

Table of Contents

The plan of merger or consolidation must be filed with the Registrar of Companies of the Cayman Islands together with a declaration as to the solvency of the consolidated or surviving company, a list of the assets and liabilities of each constituent company and an undertaking that a copy of the certificate of merger or consolidation will be given to the members and creditors of each constituent company and that notification of the merger and consolidation will be published in the Cayman Islands Gazette. Dissenting shareholders have the right to be paid the fair value of their shares if they follow the required procedures under the Companies Act subject to certain exceptions. The fair value of the shares will be determined by the Cayman Islands court if it cannot be agreed among the parties. Court approval is not required for a merger or consolidation effected in compliance with these statutory procedures.

In addition, there are statutory provisions that facilitate the reconstruction and amalgamation of companies. Those provisions provide that if a majority in number representing 75% in value of the creditors or class of creditors (as the case may be) present and voting either in person or by proxy at the meeting, agree to any compromise or arrangement, the compromise or arrangement shall, if sanctioned by the Grand Court of the Cayman Islands, be binding on all the creditors or the class of creditors, as the case may be, and also on the company or, where a company is in the course of being wound up, on the liquidator and contributories of the company. Alternatively, if 75% in value of the members or class of members (as the case may be) present and voting either in person or by proxy at the meeting, agree to any compromise or arrangement, the compromise or arrangement shall, if sanctioned by the Grand Court of the Cayman Islands, be binding on all the members or the class of members, as the case may be, and also on the company or, where a company is in the course of being wound up, on the liquidator and contributories of the company.

While a dissenting shareholder has the right to express to the court the view that the transaction ought not to be approved, the court can be expected to approve the arrangement if it determines that:

• the statutory provisions as to the required majority vote have been met;

• the shareholders have been fairly represented at the meeting in question;

• the arrangement is such that an intelligent and honest man of that class acting in respect of his interest would reasonably approve; and

• the arrangement is not one that would more properly be sanctioned under some other provision of the Companies Act.

When a take-over offer is made and accepted by holders of not less than 90% of the shares affected within four months, the offer may, within a two-month period commencing on the expiration of such four months period, give notice to require the holders of the remaining shares to transfer such shares on the terms of the offer. An objection can be made to the Grand Court of the Cayman Islands by a dissenting shareholder within one month from the date on which the notice was given but this is unlikely to succeed unless there is evidence of fraud, bad faith or collusion.

If the arrangement and reconstruction is thus approved, the dissenting shareholders would have no rights comparable to appraisal rights, which would otherwise ordinarily be available to dissenting shareholders of United States corporations, providing rights to receive payment in cash for the judicially determined value of the shares.

Shareholders’ Suits.

In principle, we will normally be the proper plaintiff to sue for a wrong done to us as a company and as a general rule a derivative action may not be brought by a minority shareholder. However, based on English authorities, which would in all likelihood be of persuasive authority in the Cayman Islands, there are exceptions to the foregoing principle, including when:

• a company acts or proposes to act illegally or ultra vires and is therefore incapable of ratification by the shareholders;

• the act complained of, although not ultra vires, could only be duly effected if authorized by more than a simple majority vote that has not been obtained; and

• those who control the company are perpetrating a “fraud on the minority.”

148

Table of Contents

Indemnification of Directors and Executive Officers and Limitation of Liability.

The Companies Act does not limit the extent to which a company’s memorandum and articles of association may provide for indemnification of officers and directors, except to the extent any such provision may be held by the Cayman Islands courts to be contrary to public policy, such as to provide indemnification against civil fraud or the consequences of committing a crime. Our Memorandum and Articles permit, in the absence of fraud or willful default, indemnification of officers and directors for expenses, including legal fees, and against all judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement and reasonably incurred in connection with legal, administrative or investigative proceedings incurred in their capacities as such.

This standard of conduct is generally the same as permitted under the Delaware General Corporation Law for a Delaware corporation. Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted to our directors, officers or persons controlling us under the foregoing provisions, we have been informed that, in the view of the SEC, such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is therefore unenforceable.

Directors’ Fiduciary Duties.

As a matter of Cayman Islands law, a director of a Cayman Islands company is in the position of a fiduciary with respect to the company and therefore it is considered that he or she owes the following duties to the company: a duty to act bona fide in the best interests of the company, a duty not to make a profit based on his or her position as director (unless the company permits him or her to do so) and a duty not to put himself or herself in a position where the interests of the company conflict with his or her personal interest or his or her duty to a third party. A director of a Cayman Islands company owes to the company a duty to act with skill and care. It was previously considered that a director need not exhibit in the performance of his or her duties a greater degree of skill than may reasonably be expected from a person of his or her knowledge and experience. However, English and Commonwealth courts are moving towards an objective standard with regard to the required skill and care and these authorities are likely to be followed in the Cayman Islands.

Under Delaware corporate law, a director of a Delaware corporation has a fiduciary duty to the corporation and its shareholders. This duty has two components: the duty of care and the duty of loyalty. The duty of care requires that a director act in good faith, with the care that an ordinarily prudent person would exercise under similar circumstances. Under this duty, a director must inform himself of, and disclose to shareholders, all material information reasonably available regarding a significant transaction. The duty of loyalty requires that a director acts in a manner he reasonably believes to be in the best interests of the corporation. He must not use his corporate position for personal gain or advantage. This duty prohibits self-dealing by a director and mandates that the best interest of the corporation and its shareholders take precedence over any interest possessed by a director, officer or controlling shareholder and not shared by the shareholders generally. In general, actions of a director are presumed to have been made on an informed basis, in good faith and in the honest belief that the action taken was in the best interests of the corporation. However, this presumption may be rebutted by evidence of a breach of one of the fiduciary duties. Should such evidence be presented concerning a transaction by a director, the director must prove the procedural fairness of the transaction, and that the transaction was of fair value to the corporation.

Shareholder Action by Written Consent.

The Cayman Islands law and our Articles provide that shareholders may approve corporate matters by way of a unanimous written resolution signed by or on behalf of each shareholder who would have been entitled to vote on such matter at a general meeting without a meeting being held.

Under the Delaware General Corporation Law, a corporation may eliminate the right of shareholders to act by written consent by an amendment to its certificate of incorporation.

Shareholder Proposals.

The Companies Act provides shareholders with only limited rights to requisition a general meeting and does not provide shareholders with any right to put any proposal before a general meeting. However, these rights may be provided in articles of association. Our Articles allow our shareholders holding not less than 10% of all voting power

149

Table of Contents

of our share capital in issue to requisition a shareholder’s meeting. Other than this right to requisition a shareholders’ meeting, our Articles do not provide our shareholders other right to put proposal before a meeting. As an exempted Cayman Islands company, we are not obliged by law to call shareholders’ annual general meetings.

Under the Delaware General Corporation Law, a shareholder has the right to put any proposal before the annual meeting of shareholders, provided it complies with the notice provisions in the governing documents and rules promulgated by the SEC. A special meeting may be called by the board of directors or any other person authorized to do so in the governing documents, but shareholders may be precluded from calling special meetings.

Cumulative Voting.

There are no prohibitions in relation to cumulative voting under the Companies Act, but our Articles do not provide for cumulative voting.

Under the Delaware General Corporation Law, cumulative voting for elections of directors is not permitted unless the corporation’s certificate of incorporation specifically provides for it. Cumulative voting potentially facilitates the representation of minority shareholders on a board of directors since it permits the minority shareholder to cast all the votes to which the shareholder is entitled on a single director, which increases the shareholder’s voting power with respect to electing such director.

Removal of Directors.

Under our Memorandum and Articles, directors may be removed with or without cause, by an ordinary resolution of our shareholders. Under the Delaware General Corporation Law, a director of a corporation with a may be removed with the approval of a majority of the outstanding shares entitled to vote.

Transactions with Interested Shareholders.

The Delaware General Corporation Law contains a business combination statute applicable to Delaware corporations whereby, unless the corporation has specifically elected not to be governed by such statute by amendment to its certificate of incorporation, it is prohibited from engaging in certain business combinations with an “interested shareholder” for three years following the date that such person becomes an interested shareholder. An interested shareholder generally is a person or a group who or which owns or owned 15% or more of the target’s outstanding voting share within the past three years. This has the effect of limiting the ability of a potential acquirer to make a two-tiered bid for the target in which all shareholders would not be treated equally. The statute does not apply if, among other things, prior to the date on which such shareholder becomes an interested shareholder, the board of directors approves either the business combination or the transaction which resulted in the person becoming an interested shareholder. This encourages any potential acquirer of a Delaware corporation to negotiate the terms of any acquisition transaction with the target’s board of directors.

The Cayman Islands has no comparable statute. As a result, we cannot avail ourselves of the types of protections afforded by the Delaware business combination statute. However, although Cayman Islands law does not regulate transactions between a company and its significant shareholders, it does provide that such transactions must be entered into bona fide in the best interests of the company and for a proper corporate purpose and not with the effect of constituting a fraud on the minority shareholders.

Dissolution; Winding up.

Under the Companies Act, a company may be wound up by either an order of the courts of the Cayman Islands or by a special resolution of its members or, if the company is unable to pay its debts as they fall due, by an ordinary resolution of its members. The court has authority to order winding up in a number of specified circumstances including where it is, in the opinion of the court, just and equitable to do so. Under the Companies Act and our Articles, our company may be dissolved, liquidated or wound up by a special resolution of our shareholders.

Under the Delaware General Corporation Law, unless the board of directors approves the proposal to dissolve, dissolution must be approved by shareholders holding 100% of the total voting power of the corporation. Only if the dissolution is initiated by the board of directors may it be approved by a simple majority of the corporation’s outstanding shares. Delaware law allows a Delaware corporation to include in its certificate of incorporation a supermajority voting requirement in connection with dissolutions initiated by the board.

150

Table of Contents

Variation of Rights of Shares.

Under the Companies Act and our Articles, if our share capital is divided into more than one class of shares, we may vary the rights attached to any class with the written consent of the holders of two-thirds of the issued shares of that class or with the sanction of a special resolution passed at a separate general meeting of the holders of the shares of that class.

Under the Delaware General Corporation Law, a corporation may vary the rights of a class of shares with the approval of a majority of the outstanding shares of such class, unless the certificate of incorporation provides otherwise.

Amendment of Governing Documents.

As permitted by the Companies Act, our Memorandum and Articles may only be amended with a special resolution of our shareholders.

Under the Delaware General Corporation Law, a corporation’s governing documents may be amended with the approval of a majority of the outstanding shares entitled to vote, unless the certificate of incorporation provides otherwise.

Rights of Non-Resident or Foreign Shareholders.

There are no limitations imposed by our Memorandum and Articles on the rights of non-resident or foreign shareholders to hold or exercise voting rights on our shares. In addition, there are no provisions in our Memorandum and Articles governing the ownership threshold above which shareholder ownership must be disclosed.

Listing

We have applied to list our Ordinary Shares on the NASDAQ Capital Market under the symbol “BIYA”.

Transfer Agent and Registrar

The transfer agent and registrar for our Ordinary Shares is Transhare Corporation. The transfer agent and registrar’s address is Bayside Center 1., 17755 US Hwy 19 N Suite 140, Clearwater, FL 33764.

Data Protection in the Cayman Islands — Privacy Notice

This privacy notice explains the manner in which the company collects, processes and maintains personal data about investors of the company pursuant to the Data Protection Act, 2017 of the Cayman Islands, as amended from time to time and any regulations, codes of practice or orders promulgated pursuant thereto (“DPA”).

The company is committed to processing personal data in accordance with the DPA. In its use of personal data, the company will be characterized under the DPA as a ‘data controller’, whilst certain of the company’s service providers, affiliates and delegates may act as ‘data processors’ under the DPA. These service providers may process personal information for their own lawful purposes in connection with services provided to the company.

This privacy notice puts our shareholders on notice that, by virtue of making an investment in the company, the company and certain of the company’s service providers may collect, record, store, transfer and otherwise process personal data by which individuals may be directly or indirectly identified.

Your personal data will be processed fairly and for lawful purposes, including (a) where the processing is necessary for the company to perform a contract to which you are a party or for taking pre-contractual steps at your request (b) where the processing is necessary for compliance with any legal, tax or regulatory obligation to which the company is subject or (c) where the processing is for the purposes of legitimate interests pursued by the company or by a service provider to whom the data are disclosed. As a data controller, we will only use your personal data for the purposes for which we collected it. If we need to use your personal data for an unrelated purpose, we will contact you.

We anticipate that we will share your personal data with the company’s service providers for the purposes set out in this privacy notice. We may also share relevant personal data where it is lawful to do so and necessary to comply with our contractual obligations or your instructions or where it is necessary or desirable to do so in connection with any regulatory reporting obligations. In exceptional circumstances, we will share your personal data with regulatory,

151

Table of Contents

prosecuting and other governmental agencies or departments, and parties to litigation (whether pending or threatened), in any country or territory including to any other person where we have a public or legal duty to do so (e.g. to assist with detecting and preventing fraud, tax evasion and financial crime or compliance with a court order).

Your personal data shall not be held by the company for longer than necessary with regard to the purposes of the data processing.

We will not sell your personal data. Any transfer of personal data outside of the Cayman Islands shall be in accordance with the requirements of the DPA. Where necessary, we will ensure that separate and appropriate legal agreements are put in place with the recipient of that data.

The company will only transfer personal data in accordance with the requirements of the DPA, and will apply appropriate technical and organizational information security measures designed to protect against unauthorized or unlawful processing of the personal data and against the accidental loss, destruction or damage to the personal data.

If you are a natural person, this will affect you directly. If you are a corporate investor (including, for these purposes, legal arrangements such as trusts or exempted limited partnerships) that provides us with personal data on individuals connected to you for any reason in relation to your investment into the company, this will be relevant for those individuals and you should inform such individuals of the content.

You have certain rights under the DPA, including (a) the right to be informed as to how we collect and use your personal data (and this privacy notice fulfils the Company’s obligation in this respect) (b) the right to obtain a copy of your personal data (c) the right to require us to stop direct marketing (d) the right to have inaccurate or incomplete personal data corrected (e) the right to withdraw your consent and require us to stop processing or restrict the processing, or not begin the processing of your personal data (f) the right to be notified of a data breach (unless the breach is unlikely to be prejudicial) (g) the right to obtain information as to any countries or territories outside the Cayman Islands to which we, whether directly or indirectly, transfer, intend to transfer or wish to transfer your personal data, general measures we take to ensure the security of personal data and any information available to us as to the source of your personal data (h) the right to complain to the Office of the Ombudsman of the Cayman Islands and (i) the right to require us to delete your personal data in some limited circumstances.

If you consider that your personal data has not been handled correctly, or you are not satisfied with the company’s responses to any requests you have made regarding the use of your personal data, you have the right to complain to the Cayman Islands’ Ombudsman. The Ombudsman can be contacted by calling +1 (345) 946-6283 or by email at info@ombudsman.ky.

152

Table of Contents

SHARES ELIGIBLE FOR FUTURE SALE

Before the completion of this offering, there has been no public market for our Ordinary Shares. Future sales of substantial amounts of our Ordinary Shares, including shares issued on the exercise of outstanding options and warrants, in the public market after this offering, or the possibility of these sales or issuances occurring, could adversely affect the prevailing market price for our Ordinary Shares or impair our ability to raise equity capital.

Based on our shares outstanding as of the date of this registration statement, upon the completion of this offering, a total of 13,000,000 Ordinary Shares will be outstanding (or 13,450,000 Ordinary Shares if the underwriters’ overallotment option is exercised in full). Of these shares, all of the Ordinary Shares sold in this offering by us, plus any shares sold by us on exercise of the underwriter’s option to purchase additional Ordinary Shares, will be freely tradable in the public market without restriction or further registration under the Securities Act, unless these shares are held by “affiliates,” as that term is defined in Rule 144 under the Securities Act.

The remaining Ordinary Shares will be, and Ordinary Shares subject to stock options will be on issuance, “restricted securities,” as that term is defined in Rule 144 under the Securities Act. These restricted securities are eligible for public sale only if they are registered under the Securities Act or if they qualify for an exemption from registration under Rules 144 or 701 under the Securities Act, which are summarized below. Restricted securities may also be sold outside of the U.S. to non-U.S. persons in accordance with Rule 904 of Regulation S.

Subject to the lock-up agreements described below and the provisions of Rule 144 or Regulation S under the Securities Act, as well as our insider trading policy, these restricted securities will be available for sale in the public market after the date of this prospectus.

Lock-Up Agreements

We have agreed that we will not offer, pledge, sell, contract to sell, grant any option, right or warrant to purchase, sell any option or contract to purchase, purchase any option or contract to sell, lend, or otherwise transfer or dispose of (including entering into any swap or other arrangement that transfers to another, in whole or in part, any of the economic consequence of ownership interests), directly or indirectly, any of our Ordinary Shares or any securities that are convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for our Ordinary Shares, or file any registration statement with the SEC relating to the offering of any Ordinary Shares or any securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for Ordinary Shares (other than a registration statement on Form S-8) without the prior written consent of the Representative for a period ending 3 months after the commencement of sales of the offering, except issuances pursuant to the exercise of employee share options outstanding on the date hereof and certain other exceptions.

Each of our directors, executive officers and shareholders of 5% or more of our Ordinary Shares have also entered into a similar lock-up agreement for a period of 6 months from the commencement of sales of the offering, subject to certain exceptions, with respect to our Ordinary Shares and securities that are substantially similar to our Ordinary Shares. These parties collectively own all of our outstanding Ordinary Shares, without giving effect to this offering.

Other than this offering, we are not aware of any plans by any significant shareholders to dispose of significant numbers of our Ordinary Shares. However, one or more existing shareholders or owners of securities convertible or exchangeable into or exercisable for our Ordinary Shares may dispose of significant numbers of our Ordinary Shares in the future. We cannot predict what effect, if any, future sales of our Ordinary Shares, or the availability of Ordinary Shares for future sale, will have on the trading price of our Ordinary Shares from time to time. Sales of substantial amounts of our Ordinary Shares in the public market, or the perception that these sales could occur, could adversely affect the trading price of our Ordinary Shares.

Rule 144

All of our Shares outstanding prior to this offering are “restricted securities” as that term is defined in Rule 144 under the Securities Act and may be sold publicly in the United States only if they are subject to an effective registration statement under the Securities Act or pursuant to an exemption from the registration requirement such as those provided by Rule 144 and Rule 701 promulgated under the Securities Act.

153

Table of Contents

In general, under Rule 144 as currently in effect, beginning 90 days after the date of this prospectus, a person who is not deemed to have been our affiliate at any time during the three months preceding a sale and who has beneficially owned restricted securities within the meaning of Rule 144 for more than six months would be entitled to sell an unlimited number of those shares, subject only to the availability of current public information about us. A non-affiliate who has beneficially owned restricted securities for at least one year from the later of the date these shares were acquired from us or from our affiliate would be entitled to freely sell those shares.

A person who is deemed to be an affiliate of ours and who has beneficially owned “restricted securities” for at least six months would be entitled to sell, within any three-month period, a number of shares that is not more than the greater of:

• 1% of the number of Shares then outstanding, in the form of Shares or otherwise, which will equal approximately shares immediately after this offering; or

• the average weekly trading volume of the Shares during the four calendar weeks preceding the filing of a notice on Form 144 with respect to such sale.

Sales under Rule 144 by our affiliates or persons selling shares on behalf of our affiliates are also subject to certain manner of sale provisions and notice requirements and to the availability of current public information about us.

154

Table of Contents

MATERIAL INCOME TAX CONSIDERATION

The following summary contains a description of certain Cayman Islands and U.S. federal income tax consequences of the acquisition, ownership and disposition of our Ordinary Shares. It does not purport to be a comprehensive description of all the tax considerations that may be relevant to a decision to purchase the Ordinary Shares, is not applicable to all categories of investors, some of which may be subject to special rules, and does not address all of the Cayman Islands and U.S. federal income tax considerations applicable to any particular holder. The summary is based upon the tax laws of the Cayman Islands and regulations thereunder and on the tax laws of the United States and regulations thereunder (and the other authorities described below) as of the date hereof, which are subject to change.

Prospective purchasers of our Ordinary Shares should consult their own tax advisors about the particular Cayman Islands and U.S. federal, state, local and other tax consequences to them of the acquisition, ownership and disposition of our Ordinary Shares.

Cayman Islands Tax Considerations

The Cayman Islands currently levy no taxes on individuals or corporations based upon profits, income, gains or appreciations and there is no taxation in the nature of inheritance tax or estate duty. There are no other taxes likely to be material to the Company levied by the Government of the Cayman Islands save for certain stamp duties which may be applicable, from time to time, on certain instruments.

Payments of dividends and capital in respect of our Ordinary Shares will not be subject to taxation in the Cayman Islands and no withholding will be required on the payment of a dividend or capital to any holder of our Ordinary Shares, nor will gains derived from the disposal of our Ordinary Shares be subject to Cayman Islands income or corporation tax.

There is no income tax treaty or convention currently in effect between the United States and the Cayman Islands.

People’s Republic of China Taxation

According to the EIT Law, which was promulgated by the SCNPC on March 16, 2007, became effective on January 1, 2008, and was last amended on December 29,2018, and the Implementation Rules of the EIT Law, which were promulgated by the State Council on December 6, 2007, and became effective on January 1, 2008, and was last amended on April 23,2019, enterprises are divided into resident enterprises and non-resident enterprises. Resident enterprises pay enterprise income tax on their incomes obtained in and outside the PRC at the rate of 25%. Non-resident enterprises setting up institutions in the PRC pay enterprise income tax on the incomes obtained by such institutions in and outside the PRC at the rate of 25%. Non-resident enterprises with no institutions in the PRC, and non-resident enterprises with income having no substantial connection with their institutions in the PRC, pay enterprise income tax on their income obtained in the PRC at a reduced rate of 10%.

We are a holding company incorporated in the Cayman Islands and we gain substantial income by way of dividends paid to us from our PRC subsidiary. The EIT Law and its implementation rules provide that China-sourced income of foreign enterprises, such as dividends paid by a PRC subsidiary to its equity holders that are non-resident enterprises, will normally be subject to PRC withholding tax at a rate of 10%, unless any such foreign investor’s jurisdiction of incorporation has a tax treaty with China that provides for a preferential tax rate or a tax exemption.

Under the PRC Enterprise Income Tax Law and its implementation rules, an enterprise established outside of the PRC with a “de facto management body” within the PRC is considered a resident enterprise and will be subject to the enterprise income tax at the rate of 25% on its global income. The implementation rules define the term “de facto management body” as the body that exercises full and substantial control over and overall management of the business, productions, personnel, accounts and properties of an enterprise. In April 2009, the State Administration of Taxation issued a circular, known as Circular 82, which provides certain specific criteria for determining whether the “de facto management body” of a PRC-controlled enterprise that is incorporated offshore is located in China. Although this circular only applies to offshore enterprises controlled by PRC enterprises or PRC enterprise groups, not those controlled by PRC individuals or foreigners, the criteria set forth in the circular may reflect the State Administration of Taxation’s general position on how the “de facto management body” test should be applied in determining the tax resident status of all offshore enterprises. According to Circular 82, an offshore incorporated enterprise controlled by a PRC enterprise or a PRC enterprise group will be regarded as a PRC tax resident by virtue of having its “de facto management body” in China only if all of the following conditions are met: (i) the primary location of the day-to-day

155

Table of Contents

operational management is in the PRC; (ii) decisions relating to the enterprise’s financial and human resource matters are made or are subject to approval by organizations or personnel in the PRC; (iii) the enterprise’s primary assets, accounting books and records, company seals, and board and shareholder resolutions, are located or maintained in the PRC; and (iv) at least 50% of voting board members or senior executives habitually reside in the PRC.

Currently, as resident enterprises in the PRC, Gongwuyuan and their PRC subsidiary, are subject to the enterprise income tax at the rate of 25%. The EIT is calculated based on the entity’s global income as determined under PRC tax laws and accounting standards.

Although Baiya does not have a PRC enterprise or enterprise group as our primary controlling shareholder and is therefore not a Chinese-controlled offshore incorporated enterprise within the meaning of Circular 82, in the absence of guidance specifically applicable to us, we have applied the guidance set forth in Circular 82 to evaluate the tax residence status of Baiya and its subsidiaries organized outside the PRC. We believe that we do not meet some of the conditions outlined in the immediately preceding paragraph. For example, as a holding company, the key assets and records of Baiya, including the resolutions and meeting minutes of our board of directors and the resolutions and meeting minutes of our shareholders, are located and maintained outside the PRC. In addition, we are not aware of any offshore holding companies with a corporate structure similar to ours that has been deemed a PRC “resident enterprise” by the PRC tax authorities. Accordingly, we believe that Baiya and its offshore subsidiaries should not be treated as a “resident enterprise” for PRC tax purposes if the criteria for “de facto management body” as set forth in Circular 82 were deemed applicable to us. However, as the tax residency status of an enterprise is subject to determination by the PRC tax authorities and uncertainties remain with respect to the interpretation of the term “de facto management body” as applicable to our offshore entities. If the PRC tax authorities determine that our Cayman Islands holding company is a PRC resident enterprise for PRC enterprise income tax purposes, a number of unfavorable PRC tax consequences could follow. We will continue to monitor our tax status. See also “Risk Factors — Risks relating to the VIE Structure — If we are classified as a PRC resident enterprise for PRC income tax purposes, such classification could result in unfavorable tax consequences to us and our non-PRC shareholders.”

As a Cayman Islands holding company, we may receive dividends from our PRC subsidiary through offshore subsidiaries. The EIT Law and its implementing rules provide that dividends paid by a PRC entity to a non-resident enterprise for income tax purposes is subject to PRC withholding tax at a rate of 10%, subject to reduction by an applicable tax treaty with China. Pursuant to the Arrangement between Mainland China and the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region for the Avoidance of Double Taxation and Tax Evasion on Income, the withholding tax rate in respect to the payment of dividends by a PRC enterprise to a Hong Kong enterprise may be reduced to 5% from a standard rate of 10% if the Hong Kong enterprise directly holds at least 25% of the PRC enterprise. Pursuant to the Notice of the State Administration of Taxation on the Issues concerning the Application of the Dividend Clauses of Tax Agreements, or SAT Circular 81, a Hong Kong resident enterprise must meet the following conditions, among others, in order to apply the reduced withholding tax rate: (i) it must be a company; (ii) it must directly own the required percentage of equity interests and voting rights in the PRC resident enterprise; and (iii) it must have directly owned such required percentage in the PRC resident enterprise throughout the 12 months prior to receiving the dividends. In October 2019, the SAT promulgated the Administrative Measures for Entitlement to Treaty Benefits for Non-resident Taxpayers, or SAT Circular 35, which became effective on January 1, 2020. SAT Circular 60 provides that non-resident enterprises are not required to obtain pre-approval from the relevant tax authority in order to enjoy the reduced withholding tax. Instead, non-resident enterprises and their withholding agents may, by self-assessment and on confirmation that the prescribed criteria to enjoy the tax treaty benefits are met, directly apply the reduced withholding tax rate, and file necessary forms and supporting documents when performing tax filings, which will be subject to post-tax filing examinations by the relevant tax authorities. Accordingly, Juxing HK may be able to benefit from the 5% withholding tax rate for the dividends it receives from the Pengze WFOE, if it satisfies the conditions prescribed under SAT Circular 82 and other relevant tax rules and regulations. However, according to SAT Circular 82 and SAT Circular 35, if the relevant tax authorities consider the transactions or arrangements we have are for the primary purpose of enjoying a favorable tax treatment, the relevant tax authorities may adjust the favorable withholding tax in the future.

Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations for U.S. Holders

The following is a discussion regarding the material U.S. federal income tax consequences of the ownership and disposition of our Ordinary Shares, but it does not purport to be a comprehensive description of all of the tax considerations that may be relevant to a particular person’s decision to acquire the Ordinary Shares.

156

Table of Contents

This summary applies only to U.S. Holders (as defined below) that hold our Ordinary Shares as capital assets for tax purposes. In addition, it does not describe all of the tax consequences that may be relevant in light of a U.S. Holder’s particular circumstances, including alternative minimum tax consequences, the potential application of the provisions of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “IRC”), known as the Medicare contribution tax, and tax consequences applicable to U.S. Holders subject to special rules, such as:

• certain financial institutions;

• insurance companies;

• real estate investment trusts or regulated investment companies;

• dealers or traders in securities that use a mark-to-market method of tax accounting;

• persons holding Ordinary Shares as part of a hedging transaction, straddle, wash sale, conversion transaction or other integrated transaction or persons entering into a constructive sale with respect to the Ordinary Shares;

• persons whose functional currency for U.S. federal income tax purposes is not the U.S. dollar;

• tax-exempt entities, including an “individual retirement account” or “Roth IRA”;

• persons that own or are deemed to own ten percent or more of our Ordinary Shares, by vote or value;

• persons holding our Ordinary Shares in connection with a trade or business conducted outside of the United States; or

• partnerships or other entities or arrangements treated as partnerships for U.S. federal income tax purposes.

If an entity that is classified as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes holds our Ordinary Shares, the U.S. federal income tax treatment of a partner will generally depend on the status of the partner and the activities of the partnership. Partnerships holding our Ordinary Shares and partners in such partnerships should consult their tax advisers as to the particular U.S. federal income tax consequences of owning and disposing of the Ordinary Shares.

This discussion is based on the IRC, administrative pronouncements, judicial decisions, final, temporary and proposed Treasury regulations, all as of the date hereof, any of which is subject to change or differing interpretations, possibly with retroactive effect.

A “U.S. Holder” is a holder who, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, is a beneficial owner of our Ordinary Shares and is:

• an individual that is a citizen or resident of the United States;

• a corporation, or other entity taxable as a corporation, created or organized in or under the laws of the United States, any state therein or the District of Columbia; or

• an estate or trust the income of which is subject to U.S. federal income taxation regardless of its source.

U.S. Holders should consult their tax advisers concerning the U.S. federal, state, local and non-U.S. tax consequences of owning and disposing of our Ordinary Shares in their particular circumstances.

This discussion assumes that we are not, and will not become, a passive foreign investment company (a “PFIC”), as described below.

Taxation of Distributions

As discussed above under “Dividends and Dividend Policy”, we do not currently intend to pay dividends. In the event that we do pay dividends, and subject to the discussion below under “— Passive Foreign Investment Company Rules”, distributions paid on our Ordinary Shares, other than certain pro rata distributions of Ordinary Shares, will be treated as dividends to the extent paid out of our current or accumulated earnings and profits (as determined under U.S. federal income tax principles). Because we do not maintain calculations of our earnings and profits under U.S. federal income tax principles, we expect that distributions generally will be reported to U.S. Holders as dividends.

157

Table of Contents

Subject to applicable limitations, dividends paid to certain non-corporate U.S. Holders may be eligible for taxation as “qualified dividend income” and therefore may be taxable at rates applicable to long-term capital gains so long as our Ordinary Shares are listed and trade on Nasdaq or are readily tradable on another established securities market in the United States. U.S. Holders should consult their tax advisers regarding the availability of the reduced tax rate on dividends in their particular circumstances.

The amount of a dividend will generally be treated as foreign-source dividend income to U.S. Holders and will not be eligible for the dividends-received deduction generally available to U.S. corporations under the IRC. Dividends will be included in a U.S. Holder’s income on the date of the U.S. Holder’s receipt of the dividend.

Sale or Other Disposition of Ordinary Shares

Subject to the discussion below under “— Passive Foreign Investment Company Rules”, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, gain or loss realized on the sale or other disposition of our Ordinary Shares will be capital gain or loss, and will be long-term capital gain or loss if the U.S. Holder held the Ordinary Shares for more than one year. The amount of the gain or loss will equal the difference between the U.S. Holder’s tax basis in the Ordinary Shares disposed of and the amount realized on the disposition, in each case as determined in U.S. dollars. This gain or loss will generally be U.S.-source gain or loss for foreign tax credit purposes. The deductibility of capital losses is subject to various limitations.

Passive Foreign Investment Company Rules

A non-U.S. corporation will be a PFIC for any taxable year in which either (i) 75% or more of its gross income consists of “passive income,” or (ii) 50% or more of the average quarterly value of its assets consist of assets that produce, or are held for the production of, “passive income.” For this purpose, subject to certain exceptions, passive income includes interest, dividends, rents, and certain gains from transactions. Cash is a passive asset for these purposes. A non-U.S. corporation will be treated as owning its proportionate share of the assets and earning its proportionate share of the income of any other corporation in which it owns, directly or indirectly, more than 25% (by value) of the stock.

We do not believe we were a PFIC for our taxable years in 2022 and 2021, and based on the composition of our income and assets, and the value of our assets, we do not expect to be a PFIC for our current taxable year; however, because our PFIC status for any taxable year can be determined only after the end of such taxable year and will depend on the composition of our income and assets and the market value of our assets from time to time, we cannot determine whether we will be a PFIC for our current taxable year or any future year. Moreover, there can be no assurance that the IRS will agree with our conclusion. In addition, because it is uncertain how certain services we offer and related assets will be treated for purposes of the PFIC rules, there can be no assurance that we will not be a PFIC for any taxable year. If we were a PFIC for any year during which a U.S. Holder holds our Ordinary Shares, we generally would continue to be treated as a PFIC with respect to that U.S. Holder for all succeeding years during which the U.S. Holder holds the Ordinary Shares, even if we ceased to meet the threshold requirements for PFIC status.

If we were a PFIC for any taxable year and any of our subsidiaries, consolidated affiliated entity or other companies in which we own or are treated as owning equity interests were also a PFIC (any such entity, a “Lower-tier PFIC”), U.S. Holders would be deemed to own a proportionate amount (by value) of the shares of each Lower-tier PFIC and would be subject to U.S. federal income tax according to the rules described in the subsequent paragraph on (i) certain distributions by a Lower-tier PFIC and (ii) dispositions of shares of Lower-tier PFICs, in each case as if the U.S. Holders held such shares directly, even though the U.S. Holders had not received the proceeds of those distributions or dispositions.

If we were a PFIC for any taxable year during which a U.S. Holder held our Ordinary Shares, the U.S. Holder may be subject to adverse tax consequences. Generally, gain recognized upon a disposition (including, under certain circumstances, a pledge) of our Ordinary Shares by the U.S. Holder would be allocated ratably over the U.S. Holder’s holding period for such shares. The amounts allocated to the taxable year of disposition and to any year before we became a PFIC would be taxed as ordinary income. The amount allocated to each other taxable year would be subject to tax at the highest rate in effect for individuals or corporations, as appropriate, for that taxable year and an interest charge would be imposed on the tax on such amount. Further, to the extent that any distribution received by a U.S. Holder on its Ordinary Shares exceeds 125% of the average of the annual distributions on the Ordinary Shares received during the preceding three years or the U.S. Holder’s holding period, whichever is shorter, that distribution would be subject to taxation in the same manner as gain, described immediately above.

158

Table of Contents

Alternatively, if we were a PFIC and if our Ordinary Shares were “regularly traded” on a “qualified exchange,” a U.S. Holder could make a mark-to-market election that would result in tax treatment different from the general tax treatment for PFICs described above. Our Ordinary Shares would be treated as “regularly traded” in any calendar year in which more than a de minimis quantity of our Ordinary Shares were traded on a qualified exchange on at least 15 days during each calendar quarter. The Nasdaq is a qualified exchange for this purpose.

If a U.S. Holder makes a mark-to-market election, the holder generally will recognize as ordinary income any excess of the fair market value of its Ordinary Shares at the end of each taxable year over their adjusted tax basis, and will recognize an ordinary loss in respect of any excess of the adjusted tax basis of the Ordinary Shares over their fair market value at the end of the taxable year (but only to the extent of the net amount of income previously included as a result of the mark-to-market election). If a U.S. Holder makes the election, the holder’s tax basis in the Ordinary Shares will be adjusted to reflect these income or loss amounts. Any gain recognized on the sale or other disposition of Ordinary Shares in a year when the Company is a PFIC will be treated as ordinary income and any loss will be treated as an ordinary loss (but only to the extent of the net amount of income previously included as a result of the mark-to-market election). Because the mark-to-market election only applies to marketable stock, however, it would not apply to a U.S. Holder’s indirect interest in any of the Company’s subsidiaries that were also determined to be PFIC.

In addition, if we were a PFIC or, with respect to a particular U.S. Holder, were treated as a PFIC for the taxable year in which we paid a dividend or for the prior taxable year, the preferential dividend rates discussed above with respect to dividends paid to certain non-corporate U.S. Holders would not apply.

If a U.S. Holder owns Ordinary Shares during any year in which we are a PFIC, the holder generally must file an annual report containing such information as the U.S. Treasury may require on IRS Form 8621 (or any successor form) with respect to us, generally with the holder’s federal income tax return for that year.

U.S. Holders should consult their tax advisers concerning our potential PFIC status and the potential application of the PFIC rules.

Information Reporting and Backup Withholding

Payments of dividends and sales proceeds that are made within the United States or through certain U.S.-related financial intermediaries generally are subject to information reporting, and may be subject to backup withholding, unless (i) the U.S. Holder is a corporation or other exempt recipient or (ii) in the case of backup withholding, the U.S. Holder provides a correct taxpayer identification number and certifies that it is not subject to backup withholding.

Backup withholding is not an additional tax. The amount of any backup withholding from a payment to a U.S. Holder will be allowed as a credit against such holder’s U.S. federal income tax liability and may entitle it to a refund, provided that the required information is timely furnished to the IRS. U.S. Holders should consult their tax advisers regarding the application of the U.S. information reporting and backup withholding rules.

Information with Respect to Foreign Financial Assets

Certain U.S. Holders who are individuals (and certain entities) may be required to report information on their U.S. federal income tax returns relating to an interest in our Ordinary Shares, subject to certain exceptions (including an exception for Ordinary Shares held in accounts maintained by certain U.S. financial institutions). U.S. Holders should consult their tax advisers regarding the effect, if any, of this requirement on their ownership and disposition of the Ordinary Shares.

THE ABOVE DESCRIPTION IS NOT INTENDED TO CONSTITUTE A COMPLETE ANALYSIS OF ALL TAX CONSEQUENCES RELATING TO THE OWNERSHIP AND DISPOSITION BY U.S. HOLDERS OF OUR ORDINARY SHARES. U.S. HOLDERS SHOULD CONSULT THEIR OWN TAX ADVISORS CONCERNING THE TAX CONSEQUENCES OF THEIR PARTICULAR SITUATION.

159

Table of Contents

UNDERWRITING

Revere Securities LLC is acting as representative of the underwriters. Subject to the terms and conditions of an underwriting agreement between us and the representative, we have agreed to sell to each underwriter named below, and each underwriter named below has severally agreed to purchase, at the public offering price less the underwriting discounts set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, the number of Ordinary Shares listed next to its name in the following table:

Underwriters		Number of Shares
Revere Securities LLC		3,000,000

Total		3,000,000

The underwriting agreement provides that the obligations of the underwriters to pay for and accept delivery of the Ordinary Shares offered by this prospectus are subject to various conditions and representations and warranties, including the approval of certain legal matters by their counsel and other conditions specified in the underwriting agreement. The Ordinary Shares are offered by the underwriters, subject to prior sale, when, as and if issued to and accepted by them. The underwriters reserve the right to withdraw, cancel or modify the offer to the public and to reject orders in whole or in part. The underwriters are obligated to take and pay for all of the Ordinary Shares offered by this prospectus if any such Ordinary Shares are taken, other than those Ordinary Shares covered by the over-allotment option described below.

We have agreed to indemnify the underwriters against specified liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act, and to contribute to payments the underwriters may be required to make in respect thereof.

Over-Allotment Option

We have granted a 45-day option to the representative of the underwriters to purchase up to 450,000 additional Ordinary Shares at a public offering price of $5 per share, solely to cover over-allotments, if any. The underwriters may exercise this option for 45 days from the date of this prospectus solely to cover sales of Ordinary Shares by the underwriters in excess of the total number of Ordinary Shares set forth in the table above. If any of these additional shares are purchased, the underwriters will offer the additional shares on the same terms as those on which the Ordinary Shares are being offered.

Discounts and Expenses

The underwriters propose initially to offer the Ordinary Shares to the public at the public offering price set forth on the cover page of this prospectus and to dealers at those prices less a concession not in excess of $0.375 per ordinary share. If all of the Ordinary Shares offered by us are not sold at the public offering price, the underwriters may change the offering price and other selling terms by means of a supplement to this prospectus.

The following table shows the public offering price, underwriting discounts and commissions and proceeds before expenses to us. The information assumes either no exercise or full exercise of the over-allotment option we granted to the representative of the underwriters.

	Per Share		Total Without Over-Allotment		Total With Over-Allotment
Public offering price	$	5.00	$	15,000,000	$	17,250,000
Underwriting discount	$	0.375	$	1,125,000	$	1,293,750
Proceeds, before expenses, to us	$	4.625	$	13,875,000	$	15,956,250

In addition to the underwriting discount and commissions to be paid by us, we have agreed to reimburse the underwriters for certain of their out-of-pocket expenses incurred in connection with this offering, in an aggregate amount up to $150,000. As of the date of the prospectus, we paid approximately $104,500 to the Representative for the Representative’s actual out-of-pocket expenses. Any expense deposits will be returned to us to the extent the Representative’s out-of-pocket accountable expenses are not actually incurred in accordance with FINRA Rule 5110(g)(4)(A).

160

Table of Contents

We have agreed to pay $150,000 to the Representative as advisory fee. We agree to pay $60,000 to be applied toward the Representative’s advisory fee and anticipated out-of-pocket expenses. The advances made in connection with such fee comply with FINRA Rule 5110(g)(4)(A) and (B). The balance of the advisory fee will be paid upon the closing of the offering.

In addition, we have agreed to pay a non-accountable expense allowance to the representative of the underwriters equal to 1% of the gross proceeds received at the closing of the offering.

Lock-Up Agreements

Pursuant to “lock-up” agreements, we have agreed that we and any successor entity of us will not offer, pledge, sell, contract to sell, grant any option, right or warrant to purchase, sell any option or contract to purchase, purchase any option or contract to sell, lend, or otherwise transfer or dispose of (including entering into any swap or other arrangement that transfers to another, in whole or in part, any of the economic consequence of ownership interests), directly or indirectly, any of our Ordinary Shares or any securities that are convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for our Ordinary Shares, or file any registration statement with the SEC relating to the offering of any Ordinary Shares or any securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for Ordinary Shares (other than a registration statement on Form S-8) without the prior written consent of the Representative for a period ending 3 months after the closing of this offering, except issuances pursuant to the exercise of employee share options outstanding on the date hereof and certain other exceptions.

Furthermore, each of our executive officers and directors, and shareholders of more than 5% of our outstanding shares as of the effective date of the registration statement, have agreed, without the prior written consent of the representative not to directly or indirectly, offer to sell, sell, pledge or otherwise transfer or dispose of any of Ordinary Shares (or enter into any transaction or device that is designed to, or could be expected to, result in the transfer or disposition by any person at any time in the future of), enter into any swap or other derivatives transaction that transfers to another, in whole or in part, any of the economic benefits or risks of ownership of Ordinary Shares, make any demand for or exercise any right or cause to be filed a registration statement, including any amendments thereto, with respect to the registration of any Ordinary Shares or securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for Ordinary Shares or any other securities of ours or publicly disclose the intention to do any of the foregoing, subject to customary exceptions, for a period of six months after the commencement of sales of the offering.

Determination of offering price

The public offering price of the securities we are offering was negotiated between us and the underwriters. Factors considered in determining the public offering price of the shares include the history and prospects of the Company, the stage of development of our business, our business plans for the future and the extent to which they have been implemented, an assessment of our management, general conditions of the securities markets at the time of the offering and such other factors as were deemed relevant.

Right of First Refusal

The Company agrees to grant the Representative a right of first refusal (the “Right of First Refusal”), exercisable at the sole discretion of the Representative for twelve months from the closing day of this offering, to provide investment banking service to the Company on terms that are the same or more favorable to the Company comparing to terms offered to the Company by other underwriters or placement agents. For these purposes, the investment banking service includes, without limitation, (a) acting as lead or joint-lead manager for any underwritten public offering; (b) acting as lead or joint book-runner and/or lead or joint placement agent, initial purchaser in connection with any private offering of securities of the Company; and (c) acting as financial advisor in connection with any sale or other transfer by the Company, directly or indirectly, of a majority or controlling portion of its capital stock or assets to another entity, any purchase or other transfer by another entity, directly or indirectly, of a majority or controlling portion of the capital stock or assets of the Company, and any merger or consolidation of the Company with another entity. The Representative shall notify the Company of its intention to exercise the Right of First Refusal within 15 business days following notice in writing by the Company. Any decision by the Representative to act in any such capacity shall be contained in separate agreements, which agreements would contain, among other matters, provisions for customary fees for transactions of similar size and nature, as may be mutually agreed upon, and indemnification of REVERE and shall be subject to general market conditions. In compliance with FINRA Rule 5110(g)(6)(A), in no circumstances the Right of First

161

Table of Contents

Refusal shall have a duration of more than three years from the commencement of sales of the public offering or the termination date of the engagement between the Company and the Representative. If the Representative declines to exercise the Right of First Refusal, the Company shall have the right to retain any other person or persons to provide such services on terms and conditions which are not more favorable to such other person or persons than the terms declined by the Representative. The Right of First Refusal granted hereunder may be terminated by the Company for “Cause,” which shall mean a material breach by the Representative of the engagement letter or a material failure by the Representative to provide the services as contemplated by the engagement letter.

Other

From time to time, certain of the underwriters and/or their affiliates may in the future provide, various investment banking and other financial services for us for which they may receive customary fees. In the course of their businesses, the underwriters and their affiliates may actively trade our securities or loans for their own account or for the accounts of customers, and, accordingly, the underwriters and their affiliates may at any time hold long or short positions in such securities or loans. Except for services provided in connection with this offering, no underwriter has provided any investment banking or other financial services to us during the 180-day period preceding the date of this prospectus and we do not expect to retain any underwriter to perform any investment banking or other financial services for at least 90 days after the date of this prospectus.

Price Stabilization, Short Positions and Penalty Bids

In connection with this offering, the underwriters may engage in transactions that stabilize, maintain or otherwise affect the price of our Ordinary Shares. Specifically, the underwriters may over-allot in connection with this offering by selling more shares than are set forth on the cover page of this prospectus. This creates a short position in our Ordinary Shares for its own account. The short position may be either a covered short position or a naked short position. In a covered short position, the number of Ordinary Shares over-allotted by the underwriters is not greater than the number of Ordinary Shares that they may purchase in the over-allotment option. In a naked short position, the number of Ordinary Shares involved is greater than the number of Ordinary Shares in the over-allotment option. To close out a short position, the underwriters may elect to exercise all or part of the over-allotment option. The underwriters may also elect to stabilize the price of our Ordinary Shares or reduce any short position by bidding for, and purchasing, Ordinary Shares in the open market.

The underwriters may also impose a penalty bid. This occurs when a particular underwriter or dealer repays selling concessions allowed to it for distributing Ordinary Shares in this offering because the underwriter repurchases the Ordinary Shares in stabilizing or short covering transactions.

Finally, the underwriters may bid for, and purchase, shares of our Ordinary Shares in market making transactions, including “passive” market making transactions as described below.

These activities may stabilize or maintain the market price of our ordinary at a price that is higher than the price that might otherwise exist in the absence of these activities. The underwriters are not required to engage in these activities and may discontinue any of these activities at any time without notice. These transactions may be effected on the national securities exchange on which our Ordinary Shares are traded, in the over-the-counter market, or otherwise.

Indemnification

We have agreed to indemnify the underwriters against liabilities relating to this offering arising under the Securities Act and the Exchange Act, liabilities arising from breaches of some or all of the representations and warranties contained in the underwriting agreement, and to contribute to payments that the underwriters may be required to make for these liabilities. In order to provide a source of funding for certain indemnification obligations, if applicable, we will establish and maintain an escrow account for twelve (12) months with a financial institutional as designated by us and the underwriters, and we will deposit an amount equal to $500,000 of the proceeds from the offering into such escrow account.

162

Table of Contents

Electronic Distribution

This prospectus in electronic format may be made available on websites or through other online services maintained by one or more of the underwriters, or by their affiliates. Other than this prospectus in electronic format, the information on any underwriter’s website and any information contained in any other website maintained by an underwriter is not part of this prospectus or the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part, has not been approved and/or endorsed by us or any underwriter in its capacity as underwriter, and should not be relied upon by investors.

Selling Restrictions

No action has been taken in any jurisdiction (except in the United States) that would permit a public offering of our Ordinary Shares, or the possession, circulation or distribution of this prospectus or any other material relating to us or our Ordinary Shares in any jurisdiction where action for that purpose is required. Accordingly, our Ordinary Shares may not be offered or sold, directly or indirectly, and this prospectus or any other offering material or advertisements in connection with our Ordinary Shares may be distributed or published, in or from any country or jurisdiction, except in compliance with any applicable rules and regulations of any such country or jurisdiction.

163

Table of Contents

EXPENSES RELATING TO THIS OFFERING

The following is a statement of estimated expenses to be incurred by us in connection with the registration of the securities registered hereby, all of which will be borne by us. All amounts are estimates except the SEC registration fee.

SEC Registration Fee		3,055
Nasdaq Listing Fee		50,000
Legal Fees and Expenses		835,898
Accounting Fees and Expenses		926,391
Printing and Engraving Expenses		10,000
Miscellaneous Expenses		100,000
Total		1,925,344

LEGAL MATTERS

Certain legal matters related to the securities offered by this prospectus will be passed upon on our behalf by Ogier with respect to matters of Cayman Islands law, and Lewis Brisbois Bisgaard & Smith LLP, with respect to matters of United States law. The Underwriters are being represented by VCL Law LLP with respect to certain legal matters as to United States federal securities and New York State law. Legal matters as to PRC law will be passed upon for us by the Jingtian & Gongcheng and for the Underwriters by Beijing Dacheng Law Offices, LLP (Shanghai).

EXPERTS

The consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2021 as set forth in this registration statement have been so included in reliance on the report of Friedman LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, given on their authority as experts in accounting and auditing.

The consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2022 as set forth in this prospectus and elsewhere in the registration statement have been so included in reliance on the report of Kreit and Chiu CPA LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, given on their authority as experts in accounting and auditing. The office of Kreit and Chiu CPA LLP is located at 733 Third Ave, Floor 16, Suite 1014, New York, NY 10017.

CHANGE IN REGISTRANT’S CERTIFYING ACCOUNTANT

Friedman LLP was Company’s former independent registered public accounting firm, which was merged with Marcum LLP on September 1, 2022 and filed its application to withdraw the PCAOB registration on December 30, 2022. On February 21, 2023, the Company engaged Kreit & Chiu CPA LLP (“Kreit & Chiu”) as its independent registered public accounting firm for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022. Our current auditors, Kreit & Chiu, is located at New York, New York, and has been inspected by the PCAOB.

164

Table of Contents

ENFORCEABILITY OF CIVIL LIABILITIES

Cayman Islands

We are incorporated under the laws of the Cayman Islands as an exempted company with limited liability and our affairs are governed by our memorandum and articles of association and the Companies Act, and the common law of the Cayman Islands. We are incorporated in the Cayman Islands because of certain benefits associated with being a Cayman Islands company, such as political and economic stability, an effective judicial system, a favorable tax system, the absence of foreign exchange control or currency restrictions and the availability of professional and support services. However, the Cayman Islands have a less developed body of securities laws as compared to the United States and these securities laws provide significantly less protections for investors. In addition, Cayman Islands companies may not have standing to sue before the federal courts of the United States. Ogier, our counsel as to Cayman Islands law, has advised us that there is uncertainty as to whether the courts of the Cayman Islands would, (1) recognize or enforce judgments of United States courts obtained against us or our directors or officers predicated upon the civil liability provisions of the securities laws of the United States or any state in the United States, or (2) entertain original actions brought in the Cayman Islands against us or our directors or officers predicated upon the securities laws of the United States or any state in the United States.

Our Cayman Islands counsel has informed us that it is uncertain whether the courts of the Cayman Islands will allow shareholders of our company to originate actions in the Cayman Islands based upon securities laws of the United States. In addition, there is uncertainty with regard to Cayman Islands law related to whether a judgment obtained from the U.S. courts under civil liability provisions of U.S. securities laws will be determined by the courts of the Cayman Islands as penal or punitive in nature. If such a determination is made, the courts of the Cayman Islands will not recognize or enforce the judgment against a Cayman Islands company, such as our company. As the courts of the Cayman Islands have yet to rule on making such a determination in relation to judgments obtained from U.S. courts under civil liability provisions of U.S. securities laws, it is uncertain whether such judgments would be enforceable in the Cayman Islands. We have been further advised by our Cayman Islands counsel that although there is no statutory enforcement in the Cayman Islands of judgments obtained in the United States, the courts of the Cayman Islands will recognize and enforce a foreign judgement, without any re-examination or re-litigation of matters adjudicated upon, provided such judgment:

(a) is given by a foreign court of competent jurisdiction;

(b) imposes on the judgment debtor a liability to pay a liquidated sum for which the judgment has been given;

(d) is not in respect of taxes, a fine or a penalty;

(e) was not obtained by fraud; and

(f) is not of a kind the enforcement of which is contrary to natural justice or the public policy of the Cayman Islands.

As a result of all of the above, public shareholders may have more difficulty in protecting their interests in the face of actions taken by management, members of the board of directors or controlling shareholders than they would as public shareholders of a U.S. company.

PRC

We have been advised by Jingtian & Gongcheng, our PRC legal counsel, that there is uncertainty as to whether the courts of the PRC would enforce judgments of United States courts or Cayman courts obtained against us or these persons predicated upon the civil liability provisions of the United States federal and state securities laws. Jingtian & Gongcheng has further advised us that in accordance with the requirements of the recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments are provided for under the PRC Civil Procedures Law, although PRC courts may recognize and enforce foreign in accordance with the requirements of PRC Civil Procedures Law and other applicable laws and regulations based either on treaties between China and the country where the judgment is made or on reciprocity between jurisdictions, there is no treaty or other form of reciprocal arrangement between China and the United States that provide for the reciprocal recognition and enforcement of foreign judgements.

165

Table of Contents

In addition, according to the PRC Civil Procedures Law, courts in the PRC will not enforce a foreign judgment against us or our directors and officers if they decide that the judgment violates the basic principles of PRC law or national sovereignty, security or public interest. As a result, it is uncertain whether and on what basis a PRC court would enforce a judgment rendered by a court in the United States or in the Cayman Islands. Under the PRC Civil Procedures Law, foreign shareholders may originate actions based on PRC law against us in the PRC, if they can establish sufficient nexus to the PRC for a PRC court to have jurisdiction, and meet other procedural requirements, including, among others, the plaintiff must have a direct interest in the case, and there must be a concrete claim, a factual basis and a cause for the suit.

166

Table of Contents

WHERE YOU CAN FIND ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

We have filed with the SEC a registration statement on Form F-1, including relevant exhibits and schedules under the Securities Act, covering the Ordinary Shares offered by this prospectus. You should refer to our registration statements and their exhibits and schedules if you would like to find out more about us and about the Shares. This prospectus summarizes material provisions of contracts and other documents that we refer you to. Since the prospectus may not contain all the information that you may find important, you should review the full text of these documents.

Immediately upon the completion of this offering, we will be subject to periodic reporting and other informational requirements of the Exchange Act, as applicable to foreign private issuers. Accordingly, we will be required to file reports, including annual reports on Form 20-F, and other information with the SEC. As a foreign private issuer, we are exempt from the rules of the Exchange Act prescribing the furnishing and content of proxy statements to shareholders under the federal proxy rules contained in Sections 14(a), (b) and (c) of the Exchange Act, and our executive officers, directors and principal shareholders are exempt from the reporting and short-swing profit recovery provisions contained in Section 16 of the Exchange Act.

The SEC maintains a website that contains reports, proxy statements and other information about issuers, such as us, who file electronically with the SEC. The address of that website is http://www.sec.gov. The information on that website is not a part of this prospectus.

167

Table of Contents

BAIYA INTERNATIONAL GROUP INC.
INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

AUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2022 AND 2021

		Page
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm		F-2
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2022 and 2021		F-4
Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income for the Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021		F-5
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity for the Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021		F-6
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021		F-7
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements		F-8

Unaudited Consolidated Balance Sheets as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022		F-37
Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss for the Six Months Ended June 30, 2023 and 2022		F-39
Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity for the Six Months Ended June 30, 2023 and 2022		F-40
Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Six Months Ended June 30, 2023 and 2022		F-41
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements		F-42

F-1

Table of Contents

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

To the Board of Directors and Shareholders
Baiya International Group Inc.

Opinion on the Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheet of Baiya International Group Inc., its subsidiaries, the variable interest entity (“VIE”), and VIE’s subsidiaries (collectively, the “Company”) as of December 31, 2022, and the related consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive (loss) income, changes in shareholders’ equity, and cash flows for the year then ended, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “financial statements”). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2022, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the year then ended in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

Basis for Opinion

These financial statements are the responsibility of the entity’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the entity’s financial statements based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audit, we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the entity’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.

Our audit included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audit also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

/s/ Kreit & Chiu CPA LLP

We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2023.

Los Angeles, California
August 23, 2023

F-2

Table of Contents

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

To the Shareholders and the Board of Directors of
Baiya International Group Inc.

Opinion on the Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Baiya International Group Inc., its subsidiaries, the variable interest entity (“VIE”) and VIE’s subsidiaries (collectively, the “Company”) as of December 31, 2021, and the related consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income, changes in shareholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the years in the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2021, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the years in the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

Basis for Opinion

These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s consolidated financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits, we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.

Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statement. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

/s/ Friedman LLP

New York, New York
November 14, 2022, except for Note 9, as to which the date is December 27, 2022
We have served as the Company’s auditor from 2021 to 2022.

F-3

Table of Contents

BAIYA INTERNATIONAL GROUP INC.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(Expressed in U.S. Dollars, except for the number of shares)

	As of December 31,
	2022			2021
ASSETS
CURRENT ASSETS
Cash	$	2,404,170		$	134,488
Accounts receivable, net		2,432,947			3,932,509
Advance to suppliers, net		41,564			231,258
Due from related parties		1,969,553			2,933,960
Deferred IPO costs		452,521			—
Prepaid expense and other current assets		412,189			285,231
Total current assets		7,712,944			7,517,446

NON-CURRENT ASSETS
Property and equipment, net		3,264			5,791
Right-of-use asset, net		156,247			355,311
Deferred tax assets		5,974			2,983
Total noncurrent assets		165,485			364,085
TOTAL ASSETS	$	7,878,429		$	7,881,531

LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
CURRENT LIABILITIES
Accounts payable	$	1,772,456		$	2,248,317
Advance from customers		31,406			56,811
Accrued liabilities and other payables		1,848,047			1,704,417
Taxes payable		238,407			359,532
Due to related parties		1,498,328			216,914
Lease liability, current portion		22,292			34,023
Line of credit		144,990			—
Long-term loans, current		565,979			—
Total current liabilities		6,121,905			4,620,014

NON-CURRENT LIABILITIES
Lease liability, non-current portion		—			15,101
Long-term loans, non-current		53,853			—
Total non-current liabilities		53,853			15,101
TOTAL LIABILITIES		6,175,758			4,635,115

COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

SHAREHOLDER’S EQUITY
Preferred shares, par value $0.0001, 100,000,000 shares authorized, nil shares issued and outstanding		—			—
Ordinary common shares, par value $0.0001, 400,000,000 shares authorized, 10,000,000 shares issued and outstanding		1,000			1,000
Additional paid-in capital		1,775,941			1,775,941
Subscription receivable		(990	)		(990	)
Statutory Reserve		290,860			258,944
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)		(109,247	)		94,092
(Accumulated deficit) Retained earnings		(340,910	)		955,109
Total Company shareholders’ equity		1,616,654			3,084,096
Noncontrolling interest		86,017			162,320
Total shareholders’ equity		1,702,671			3,246,416
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY	$	7,878,429		$	7,881,531

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

F-4

Table of Contents

BAIYA INTERNATIONAL GROUP INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE (LOSS) INCOME
(Expressed in U.S. Dollars, except for the number of shares)

	For the years ended December 31,
	2022			2021
Net revenues	$	13,161,560		$	20,824,565
Cost of revenues		11,635,220			18,148,607
Gross profit		1,526,340			2,675,958

Operating expenses
Selling expenses		243,937			486,569
General and administrative expenses		2,205,442			1,477,647
Research and development expenses		479,218			337,770
Total operating expenses		2,928,597			2,301,986
Income (loss) from operations		(1,402,257	)		373,972

Other income (expenses)
Interest income (expenses), net		(55,640	)		7,317
Government subsidy income		190,944			75,261
Other expenses, net		(39,307	)		(4,010	)
Other income, net		95,997			78,568
Income (loss) before income tax		(1,306,260	)		452,540
Less: income tax expense		23,421			200,333
Net (loss) income		(1,329,681	)		252,207
Less: net income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interests		(65,578	)		12,610
Net income (loss) attributable to Baiya International Group Inc.	$	(1,264,103	)	$	239,597

Comprehensive income
Net (loss) income	$	(1,329,681	)	$	252,207
Other comprehensive (loss) income
Foreign currency translation (loss) gain		(214,064	)		46,160
Total other comprehensive (loss) income		(214,064	)		46,160
Total comprehensive (loss) income		(1,543,745	)		298,367
Less: comprehensive (loss) income attributable to non-controlling interests		(76,303	)		14,918
Comprehensive (loss) income attributable to Baiya International Group Inc.	$	(1,467,443	)	$	283,449
(Loss) earnings per common share
Basic and diluted*	$	(0.13	)	$	0.02
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding
Basic and diluted*		10,000,000			10,000,000

____________

* Retrospectively restated for effect of share reorganization (see Note 10)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

F-5

Table of Contents

BAIYA INTERNATIONAL GROUP INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
(Expressed in U.S. Dollars, except for the number of shares)

	Preferred shares			Common shares			Additional paid-in capital		Subscription receivable			Statutory reserve		Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)			Retained earnings (accumulated deficit)			Total Baiya’s shareholders’ equity			Non-controlling interests			Total equity
	Shares	Amount		Shares	Amount		Additional paid-in capital		Subscription receivable			Statutory reserve		Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)			Retained earnings (accumulated deficit)			Total Baiya’s shareholders’ equity			Non-controlling interests			Total equity
Balance at January 1, 2021	—	$	—	10,000,000	$	1,000	$	448,371	$	(990	)	$	144,804	$	50,240		$	829,652		$	1,473,077		$	77,530		$	1,550,607
Appropriation to statutory reserve	—		—	—		—		—		—			114,140		—			(114,140	)		—			—			—
Capital contribution	—		—	—		—		1,327,570		—			—		—			—			1,327,570			69,872			1,397,442
Net income	—		—	—		—		—		—			—		—			239,597			239,597			12,610			252,207
Foreign currency translation adjustment	—		—	—		—		—		—			—		43,852			—			43,852			2,308			46,160
Balance at December 31, 2021	—		—	10,000,000		1,000		1,775,941		(990	)		258,944		94,092			955,109			3,084,096			162,320			3,246,416
Appropriation to statutory reserve	—		—	—		—		—		—			31,916		—			(31,916	)		—			—			—
Net loss	—		—	—		—		—		—			—		—			(1,264,103	)		(1,264,103	)		(65,578	)		(1,329,681	)
Foreign currency translation adjustment	—		—	—		—		—		—			—		(203,339	)		—			(203,339	)		(10,725	)		(214,064	)
Balance at December 31, 2022	—	$	—	10,000,000	$	1,000	$	1,775,941	$	(990	)	$	290,860	$	(109,247	)	$	(340,910	)	$	1,616,654		$	86,017		$	1,702,671

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

F-6

Table of Contents

BAIYA INTERNATIONAL GROUP INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(Expressed in U.S. Dollars, except for the number of shares)

	For the years ended December 31,
	2022			2021
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES
Net income (loss)		(1,329,681	)		252,207
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash (used in) provided by operating activities:
Depreciation expense		2,139			5,533
Provision for doubtful accounts		844,053			93,190
Amortization of operating lease right-of-use assets		177,843			188,539
Change in deferred tax		(3,298	)		(12,199	)

Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable, net		704,945			(262,411	)
Advance to suppliers, net		(141,522	)		19,934
Due from related parties		760,214			(920,301	)
Deferred IPO costs		(461,986	)		—
Prepaid expense and other current assets		(154,152	)		(120,167	)
Accounts payable		(312,815	)		(1,027,346	)
Advance from customers		(21,619	)		56,022
Accrued liabilities and other payables		279,802			460,142
Taxes payable		(96,177	)		198,002
Due to related parties		1,330,285			23,508
Lease liability, current portion		(25,135	)		(512,168	)
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities		1,552,896			(1,557,515	)

CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES
Purchase of fixed assets		—			(2,924	)
Net cash used in investing activities		—			(2,924	)

CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES
Proceeds from loans		1,728,334			—
Repayments to loans		(944,416	)		—
Capital contribution		—			1,397,442
Net cash provided by financing activities		783,918			1,397,442

EFFECT OF EXCHANGE RATE CHANGES ON CASH		(67,132	)		(5,358	)

NET INCREASE (DECREASE) IN CASH		2,269,682			(168,355	)
CASH, BEGINNING OF YEAR		134,488			302,843
CASH, END OF YEAR		2,404,170			134,488

Supplemental disclosure information:
Cash paid for income tax	$	55,299		$	46,101
Cash paid for interest	$	56,883		$	—

Supplemental disclosure of non-cash operating activity:
Right of use assets obtained in exchange for operating lease liability	$	—		$	24,711

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

F-7

Table of Contents

BAIYA INTERNATIONAL GROUP INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2022 AND 2021

1. Organization and Description of Business

Baiya International Group Inc. (“Baiya”, or the “Company”) was incorporated on October 18, 2021, under the laws of the Cayman Islands with limited liability. As a holding company with no material operations of its own, Baiya conducts all of the operations in mainland China of People’s Republic of China (“PRC” or “China”) through the contractual arrangements (the “Contractual Arrangements”), with Shenzhen Gongwuyuan Network Technology Co., Ltd. (“Gongwuyuan”), which is a variable interest entity (the “VIE”), and its subsidiaries, or collectively, “PRC operating entities”. The PRC operating entities mainly engaged in providing job matching service, entrusted recruitment service, project outsourcing service and labor dispatching service to business enterprises and organizations in the flexible employment market within China, primarily in the core manufacturing regions including the Pearl River Delta and Yangtze River Delta region.

Baiya owns 100% of the equity interests of Ruifeng International Group Limited (“Ruifeng BVI”), a limited liability company formed under the laws of British Virgin Islands (“BVI”) on October 25, 2021.

Ruifeng BVI owns 100% of Juxing Investment Group (Hong Kong) Limited (“Juxing HK”), a limited liability company formed in Hong Kong on November 3, 2021.

On December 9, 2021, Shenzhen Pengze Future Technology Co., Ltd. (“Pengze WFOE”) was incorporated pursuant to PRC mainland China laws as a wholly foreign owned enterprise of Juxing HK.

Ruifeng BVI, Juxing HK, and Pengze WFOE are currently not engaging in any active business operations and merely acting as holding companies.

Reorganization

A reorganization of the Company’s legal structure (“Reorganization”) was completed on December 29, 2021. The Reorganization involved the formation of Baiya, Ruifeng BVI, Juxing HK and the Pengze WFOE, and execution of a series of contractual agreements among Pengze WFOE, Gongwuyuan and certain shareholders of Gongwuyuan (representing 95% equity ownership in Gongwuyuan).

On December 29, 2021, Pengze WFOE entered into a series of contractual arrangements with certain shareholders of Gongwuyuan. These agreements include Business Operation Agreement and Powers of Attorney, Exclusive Consulting and Service Agreement, Equity Disposal Agreement, Equity Pledge Agreement and Agency Agreement (collectively the “Contractual Arrangements”). Pursuant to the Contractual Arrangements, Pengze WFOE has the exclusive right to provide to Gongwuyuan consulting and all the technical support services related to business operations including technology and management consulting services.

As a result of the Contractual Arrangements entered among Pengze WFOE, Gongwuyuan and certain shareholders of Gongwuyuan, Gongwuyuan is considered as VIE under the Statement of Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 810 Consolidation. Consequently, Baiya, through the Pengze WFOE, obtains the power to direct the activities that most significantly affects the economic performance of Gongwuyuan and receives the economic benefits that could be significant to Gongwuyuan, and became the primary beneficiary of Gongwuyuan. The Company treats its VIE and its subsidiaries as the consolidated entities under U.S. GAAP.

The Company, together with its wholly owned subsidiaries and its VIE, is effectively controlled by the same majority shareholders group who act in concert before and after the Reorganization, and therefore the Reorganization is considered as a reorganization of entities under common control. The consolidation of the Company, its subsidiaries, its VIE and the VIE’s subsidiaries has been accounted for at historical cost and prepared on the basis as if the aforementioned transactions had become effective as of the beginning of the first period presented in the accompanying consolidated financial statements.

F-8

Table of Contents

BAIYA INTERNATIONAL GROUP INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2022 AND 2021

1. Organization and Description of Business (cont.)

As of December 31, 2022, the consolidated financial statements of the Company include the following entities:

Name of entities	Place and date of incorporation	% of ownership		Principal activities
Name of entities	Place and date of incorporation	Direct	Indirect	Principal activities
Parent company
Baiya	Cayman Island/ October 18, 2021	Parent		Investment holding
Wholly owned subsidiaries of Baiya
Ruifeng BVI	BVI/October 25, 2021	100%		Investment holding
Juxing HK	PRC — Hong Kong/ November 3, 2021	100%		Investment holding
Pengze WFOE	PRC — Mainland China/December 9, 2021	100%		Consultancy and management support
VIE
Shenzhen Gongwuyuan Network Technology Co., Ltd. (“Gongwuyuan”)	PRC — Mainland China/October 23, 2017		VIE	Human resource management consulting, labor outsourcing service, staffing and placement service, research, and development of Apps
VIE’s Subsidiaries
Beijing Gongwuyuan Network Technology Co., Ltd.	PRC — Mainland China/September 28, 2021		100% owned by VIE	Internet technology development, information system consulting, software development
Dongguan Zhenggongfu Human Resources Co., Ltd.	PRC — Mainland China/March 28, 2018		100% owned by VIE since March 1, 2020	Human resource management consulting, labor outsourcing service, staffing and placement service
Dongguan Gongwuyuan Yifang Talent Service Co., Ltd.	PRC — Mainland China/December 27, 2018		100% owned by VIE	Human resource management consulting, labor outsourcing service, staffing and placement service
Ji’an Gongwuyuan Human Resource Service Co., Ltd.*	PRC — Mainland China/September 16, 2020		100% owned by VIE	Human resource management consulting, labor outsourcing service, staffing and placement service
Dongguan Gongwuyuan Business Service Co., Ltd.	PRC — Mainland China/March 26, 2019		100% owned by VIE	Marketing
Hunan Gongwuyuan Youchuang Human Resource Service Co., Ltd.	PRC — Mainland China/June 3, 2019		100% owned by VIE	Human resource management consulting, labor outsourcing service, staffing and placement service
Nanchang Gongwuyuan Business Service Co., Ltd.	PRC — Mainland China/December 26, 2019		100% owned by VIE	Human resource management consulting, labor outsourcing service, staffing and placement service

F-9

Table of Contents

BAIYA INTERNATIONAL GROUP INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2022 AND 2021

1. Organization and Description of Business (cont.)

Name of entities	Place and date of incorporation	% of ownership		Principal activities
Name of entities	Place and date of incorporation	Direct	Indirect	Principal activities
Jiangxi Huizhong Human Resources Co., Ltd.	PRC — Mainland China/May 21, 2020		100% owned by VIE	Human resource management consulting, labor outsourcing service, staffing and placement service
Guangdong Mili Education Consulting Service Co., Ltd.	PRC — Mainland China/October 30, 2019		100% owned by VIE since July 20, 2020	Education consulting and marketing
Jiangxi Gongwuyuan Supply Chain Management Co., Ltd.	PRC — Mainland China/September 14, 2020		100% owned by VIE	Logistic and shipping
Jiangxi Gongwuyuan Talent Service Co., Ltd.	PRC — Mainland China/October 16, 2020		100% owned by VIE	Human resource management consulting, labor outsourcing service, staffing and placement service
Zhongshan Jushangyue Freight Forwarding Service Co., Ltd.	PRC — Mainland China/July 22, 2020		100% owned by VIE since September 17, 2020	Logistic and storage service
Jiujiang Gongwuyuan Yifang Education Consulting Service Co., Ltd.*	PRC — Mainland China/April 14, 2021		100% owned by VIE	Education consulting and human resource management service
Dongguan Fusheng Supply Chain Co., Ltd.*	PRC — Mainland China/June 1, 2021		100% owned by VIE	Logistic and shipping
Dongguan Chenwang Supply Chain Co., Ltd.*	PRC — Mainland China/May 31, 2021		100% owned by VIE	Logistic and shipping
Dongguan Jida Supply Chain Co., Ltd.*	PRC — Mainland China/June 1, 2021		100% owned by VIE	Logistic and shipping
Shenzhen Aliyuncang Logistics Warehousing Co., Ltd.	PRC — Mainland China/April 11, 2017		100% owned by VIE since June 24, 2021	Internet information technology development and supply chain management

____________

* Company had no operations or very minimal operations with no revenues as of December 31, 2022.

The Contractual Arrangements

A VIE is an entity which has a total equity investment that is insufficient to finance its activities without additional subordinated financial support, or whose equity investors lack the characteristics of a controlling financial interest, such as through voting rights, right to receive the expected residual returns of the entity or obligation to absorb the expected losses of the entity. The variable interest holder, if any, that has a controlling financial interest in a VIE is deemed to be the primary beneficiary of, and must consolidate, the VIE.

WFOE Pengze is deemed to have a controlling financial interest in and be the primary beneficiary of the PRC operating entities because it has both of the following characteristics:

• The power to direct activities of the PRC operating entities that most significantly impact such entities’ economic performance, and

• The obligation to absorb losses of, and the right to receive benefits from, the PRC operating entities that could potentially be significant to such entities.

F-10

Table of Contents

BAIYA INTERNATIONAL GROUP INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2022 AND 2021

1. Organization and Description of Business (cont.)

The following is a brief description of the Contractual Arrangements entered into on December 29, 2021, between Pengze WFOE, Gongwuyuan, and certain shareholders of Gongwuyuan:

Business Operation Agreement

The Pengze WFOE entered into a business operation agreement with Gongwuyuan and certain shareholders of the VIE on December 29, 2021, pursuant to which (1) Gongwuyuan shall not enter into any transaction which may materially affect its assets, businesses, employees, obligations, rights or operations without the written consent of the Pengze WFOE or any other party designated by the Pengze WFOE; (2) Gongwuyuan and certain shareholders agree to accept suggestions by the Pengze WFOE in respect of the employment and dismissal of Gongwuyuan’s employees, daily operations and financial management of Gongwuyuan; and (3) Gongwuyuan and the shareholders shall appoint the individuals designated by the Pengze WFOE as the directors (including the executive director) of Gongwuyuan, and shall appoint the persons recommended by the Pengze WFOE as the general manager, chief financial officer and other senior management members and officers of Gongwuyuan. The term of the business operation agreement shall be ten (10) years from the effective date unless terminated by the Pengze WFOE upon thirty (30) days advance notice to Gongwuyuan and the shareholders. Upon request by the Pengze WFOE, the parties shall extend the term of the business operation agreement by entering into a new business operation agreement or continue performing the existing business operation agreement.

Powers of Attorney

Each of the signing shareholders of Gongwuyuan executed a power of attorney on December 29, 2021 (the “Powers of Attorney”) to irrevocably appoint the Pengze WFOE or the person designated by the board of directors or the executive director of the Pengze WFOE as its agent to act on its behalf to exercise their shareholders’ and voting rights in the name of the shareholders in accordance with the applicable PRC laws and regulations and the articles of association of Gongwuyuan.

Exclusive Consulting and Service Agreement

Under an exclusive consulting and service agreement dated December 29, 2021, entered into between the Pengze WFOE and Gongwuyuan, the Pengze WFOE shall have the exclusive right to provide Gongwuyuan with consulting and related services. Such services include:

(a) Research and development services of business-related software;

(b) Providing business-related technical services, applications, and execution, including but not limited to design, installation, and testing of all systems;

(c) Providing daily maintenance support, upgrade, maintenance, monitoring, and troubleshooting of computer network equipment and other technical services;

(d) Pre-job, on-the-job, and technical training services for personnel;

(e) Technology development and transfer services;

(f) Public relations services;

(g) Market research and consulting services (excluding market research services that are prohibited by the laws of the People’s Republic of China for foreign-invested enterprises);

(h) Services for the formulation of medium and short-term market development and market plans;

(i) Consulting services related to business compliance;

(j) Organization and planning services related to marketing and customer activities;

(k) Intellectual property licenses;

F-11

Table of Contents

BAIYA INTERNATIONAL GROUP INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2022 AND 2021

1. Organization and Description of Business (cont.)

(l) Equipment provision and rental; and

(m) Management consulting services and other business and technical consulting services related to business operation.

The exclusive consulting and service agreement shall remain effective for ten (10) years from the effective date unless terminated by mutual agreement between the Pengze WFOE and Gongwuyuan. or unilaterally terminated by the Pengze WFOE in advance. Upon request by the Pengze WFOE, the parties shall extend the term of the exclusive consulting and service agreement by entering into a new exclusive consulting and service agreement or continue performing the existing exclusive consulting and service agreement. The Exclusive Consulting and Service Agreement between Penze WFOE and Gongwuyuan was supplemented on December 21, 2022 to clarify that no consulting service fees pertaining to the agreement need to be paid for the period December 29, 2021 to December 31, 2021. The Parent, Subsidiaries and WFOE has the share of loss from VIE and VIE’s subsidiaries during the year ended December 31, 2022 and the equity in VIE and VIE’s subsidiaries as of December 31, 2022.

Equity Disposal Agreement

The Pengze WFOE entered into an equity disposal agreement with Gongwuyuan and certain shareholders of the VIE on December 29, 2021. Pursuant to the equity disposal agreement, the shareholders and Gongwuyuan have granted the Pengze WFOE (or its designee) an exclusive option to acquire all or a portion of the ninety-five percent (95%) equity held by the shareholders and all or a portion of the ninety-five percent (95%) assets of Gongwuyuan at the price equivalent to the lowest price then permitted under PRC law. The Pengze WFOE may, at its sole discretion, at any time exercise the option. Moreover, the Pengze WFOE may designate a third party to exercise the option on its behalf.

F-12

Table of Contents

BAIYA INTERNATIONAL GROUP INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2022 AND 2021

1. Organization and Description of Business (cont.)

Equity Pledge Agreement

The Pengze WFOE entered into an equity pledge agreement with certain shareholders of the VIE on December 29, 2021, pursuant to which the shareholders have pledged ninety-five percent (95%) of equity interests in Gongwuyuan held by them, and all current and future rights and interests based on such equity, as priority security guarantees in favor of the Pengze WFOE to secure the performance of Gongwuyuan and the shareholders’ performance of their obligations under, where applicable, (i) the Exclusive Consulting and Service Agreement, (ii) the Equity Disposal Agreements, and (iii) the Business Operation Agreement (collectively, the “Principal Agreements”). The Pengze WFOE is entitled to exercise its right for the priority of compensation obtained by the shareholders’ pledged interests in the equity of Gongwuyuan in the event that either the shareholders or Gongwuyuan fails to perform their respective obligations under the Principal Agreements. The Pengze WFOE may transfer all or any of its rights and obligations under the equity pledge agreement to any designated third party. The equity pledge agreement will remain in full force and effective until Gongwuyuan and the shareholders have satisfied their obligations under the Principal Agreements.

Agency Agreement

The Pengze WFOE entered into an agency agreement with certain shareholders of the VIE on December 29, 2021, pursuant to which the shareholders granted the Pengze WFOE an irrevocable right to exercise the voting rights of the shareholders in accordance with the laws of the PRC and the Articles of Association of Gongwuyuan, for the maximum period permitted by law. The shareholders shall authorize the person appointed by the Pengze WFOE to exercise all the voting rights held by them regardless of any change in the equity of Gongwuyuan. In addition, the shareholders shall not transfer any of their shareholders rights and interests in Gongwuyuan to any individual or other company other than the Pengze WFOE or any person or entity designated by the Pengze WFOE. The agency agreement shall come into effect upon its execution, and may be terminated by the unanimous consent of all parties or unilaterally by the Pengze WFOE with a thirty (30) days advance notice.

Spousal Consent Letter

Each spouse of relevant individual shareholders of Gongwuyuan has signed a Spousal Consent Letter. Under the Spousal Consent Letter, agreeing that the signing spouse has unconditionally and irrevocably agreed that the disposition of the equity interest in Gongwuyuan which is held by and registered under the name of his or her spouse shall be made pursuant to the above-mentioned Business Operation Agreement and Powers of Attorney, Equity Disposal Agreement, Equity Pledge Agreement, and Agency Agreement, signed by his or her spouse, as amended from time to time. Each of the signing spouse undertakes to take necessary actions to ensure the performance of above-mentioned VIE agreements.

Based on the foregoing Contractual Arrangements, Baiya is allowed to consolidate ninety-five percent (95%) of Gongwuyuan’s operations and financial results in Baiya’s consolidated financial statements for the periods presented herein as if the current corporate structure had been in existence throughout the periods presented under common control in accordance with Regulation S-X-3A-02 promulgated by the SEC and ASC 810-10, Consolidation.

Risks associated with the VIE structure

The Company believes that the Contractual Arrangements with its VIE and the shareholders of its VIE are in compliance with PRC laws and regulations and are legally enforceable. However, due to uncertainties regarding the interpretation and application of relevant PRC laws and regulations in connection with the VIE structure or VIE Agreements, our ability to enforce the Contractual Arrangements could be substantially hampered. If the legal structure and Contractual Arrangements were found to be in violation of PRC laws and regulations, the relevant governmental authorities may take a number of administrative measures or impose penalties in dealing with such violations, including, without limitation:

• revoking the agreements constituting the Contractual Arrangements;

• revoking the business licenses and/or operating licenses of such entities;

F-13

Table of Contents

BAIYA INTERNATIONAL GROUP INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2022 AND 2021

1. Organization and Description of Business (cont.)

• discontinuing or placing restrictions or onerous conditions on its operations;

• requiring it to restructure the operations in such a way as to compel it to establish a new enterprise, re-apply for the necessary licenses or relocate its businesses, staff and assets related to its value-added telecommunications services business;

• imposing fines on it or confiscating any of our income that they deem to have been obtained through illegal operations;

• imposing conditions or requirements with which the Company or its VIE may not be able to comply;

• requiring the Company or its VIE to restructure the relevant ownership structure or operations;

• restricting or prohibiting its use of the proceeds from the initial public offering or other of its financing activities to finance the business and operations of its VIE; or

• taking other regulatory or enforcement actions that could be harmful to its business.

The Company’s ability to conduct its businesses may be negatively affected if the PRC regulatory authorities were to carry out of any of the aforementioned actions. As a result, the Company may not be able to consolidate its VIE and its subsidiaries in its consolidated financial statements as it may lose the ability to exert effective control over the operations of the VIE and their shareholders and it may lose the ability to receive economic benefits from the VIE and its subsidiaries. The Company, however, does not believe such actions would result in the liquidation or dissolution of the Company, its PRC subsidiary and its VIE, as well as the VIE’s subsidiaries.

The Company, Ruifeng BVI, Juxing HK and Pengze WFOE are essentially holding companies and do not have active operations as of December 31, 2022 and 2021. The Company has not provided any financial support to the VIE and its subsidiaries for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021. The following financial statement amounts and balances of the VIE and its subsidiaries were included in the accompanying consolidated financial statements after elimination of intercompany transactions and balances:

	December 31, 2022		December 31, 2021
Current assets	$	7,712,141	$	7,517,446
Non-current assets		165,485		364,085
Total assets	$	7,877,626	$	7,881,531
Current liabilities	$	6,103,408	$	4,620,014
Non-current liabilities		53,853		15,101
Total liabilities	$	6,157,261	$	4,635,115

	For the Years Ended December 31,
	2022			2021
Net revenues	$	13,161,560		$	20,824,565
Net (loss) income	$	(1,311,568	)	$	252,207

	For the Years Ended December 31,
	2022		2021
Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities	$	1,552,390	$	(1,557,515	)
Net cash used in investing activities	$	—	$	(2,924	)
Net cash provided by financing activities	$	783,918	$	1,397,442

F-14

Table of Contents

BAIYA INTERNATIONAL GROUP INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2022 AND 2021

1. Organization and Description of Business (cont.)

There are no pledge or collateralization of the VIE and VIE’s subsidiaries’ assets that can only be used to settled obligations of the VIE and VIE’s subsidiaries, except for the restricted net assets disclosed in Note 9. Relevant PRC laws and regulations restrict the VIE from transferring a portion of its net assets to the Company in the form of loans and advances or cash dividends.

As the VIE is incorporated as limited liability company under the PRC Company Law, creditors of the VIE do not have recourse to the general credit of the Company for any of the liabilities of the VIE in normal course of business.

Liquidity

As reflected in the accompanying consolidated financial statements, the Company had accumulated deficit of $340,910 at December 31, 2022, the Company had net loss after non-controlling interest allocation of $1,264,103 and net income after non-controlling interest allocation of $239,597 for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021. The management plans to increase its revenue by strengthening its sales force to develop more employing companies clients, partnering with more third-party labor service providers to seek and attract more labors, and increase the promoting and marketing activities of Gongwuyan Platform, as well as continuing to develop and integrate digital technologies including crowdsourcing, big data and artificial intelligence to enhance the Gowngwuyuan Platform to provide better job-matching and one-stop services to employing companies and workers in the flexible employment market throughout China. Management also intends to raise additional funds by way of a private or public offering, or by obtaining loans from banks or others.

The Company had $2.40 million cash on hand and working capital of $1.59 million at December 31, 2022. The Company has historically funded its working capital needs primarily from operations. The working capital requirements are affected by the efficiency of operations and depend on the Company’s ability to increase its revenue. The Company believes that its cash on hand and operating cash flows will be sufficient to fund its operations over at least the next 12 months from the date of issuance of these financial statements. However, the Company may need additional cash resources in the future if the Company experiences changed business conditions or other developments, and may also need additional cash resources in the future if the Company wishes to pursue opportunities for investment, acquisition, strategic cooperation or other similar actions. If it is determined that the cash requirements exceed the Company’s amounts of cash on hand, the Company may seek to issue debt or equity securities or obtain a credit facility.

COVID-19 Updates

In March 2020, the World Health Organization announced that infections caused by the coronavirus disease of 2019 (“COVID-19”) had become pandemic and national, provincial and local authorities, including those whose jurisdictions include the areas, where our offices are located and our customers reside, adopted various regulations and orders, including “shelter in place” rules, restrictions on travel, mandates on the number of people that may gather in one location and closing non-essential businesses. These restrictions impacted the Company’s operations for the first half of 2020. Many of these pandemic measures have been relaxed due to the decrease in the prevalence of Covid-19 in China since the 2nd half of 2020 to the end of 2021, and the Company’s operation has been improving since July 2020 and incurred significant increase in revenue since September 2020. However since the end of 2021 to the end of 2022, COVID-19 case fluctuated and increased again in many cities of China; as a result of such increases, there have been periodic short-term lockdowns and restrictions on travel in many areas of China as well as slow-down of people’s life to widespread of COVID-19 cases. The Company’s ongoing operations have been temporarily materially adversely affected by the measures taken to limit the spread of the disease in China. In January 2023, China dropped all COVID restrictions, we do not expect any further factory shutdowns or city lockdowns. Based on the current situation, we do not expect a significant impact on our operations and financial results in the long run. The extent to which COVID-19 impacts our results of operations will depend on the future development of the circumstances, which is highly uncertain and cannot be predicted with confidence at this time.

F-15

Table of Contents

BAIYA INTERNATIONAL GROUP INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2022 AND 2021

2. Significant Accounting Policies and Estimates

Basis of Presentation

The consolidated financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with the generally accepted accounting principles of the United States (“U.S. GAAP”) and with the rules and regulations of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) for financial information.

Principles of Consolidation

The consolidated financial statements of the Company include the financial statements of the Company, its subsidiaries, VIE and VIE’s subsidiaries in which the Company is the primary beneficiary. The results of the subsidiaries are consolidated from the date on which the Company obtained control and continues to be consolidated until the date that such control ceases. A controlling financial interest is typically determined when a company holds a majority of the voting equity interest in an entity. However, if the Company demonstrates its ability to control the VIE through power to govern the activities which most significantly impact VIE’s economic performance and is obligated to absorb losses of the VIE that could potentially be significant to the VIE or the right to receive benefits from the VIE that could potentially be significant to the VIE, then the entity is consolidated. All intercompany transactions and balances among the Company, its subsidiaries, the VIE and its subsidiaries have been eliminated upon consolidation.

Emerging Growth Company

The Company is an “emerging growth company,” as defined in Section 2(a) of the Securities Act, as modified by the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012 (the “JOBS Act”), and it may take advantage of certain exemptions from various reporting requirements that are applicable to other public companies that are not emerging growth companies including, but not limited to, not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in its periodic reports and proxy statements, and exemptions from the requirements of holding a nonbinding advisory vote on executive compensation and shareholder approval of any golden parachute payments not previously approved.

Further, Section 102(b)(1) of the JOBS Act exempts emerging growth companies from being required to comply with new or revised financial accounting standards until private companies (that is, those that have not had a Securities Act registration statement declared effective or do not have a class of securities registered under the Exchange Act) are required to comply with the new or revised financial accounting standards. The JOBS Act provides that a company can elect to opt out of the extended transition period and comply with the requirements that apply to non-emerging growth companies but any such election to opt out is irrevocable. The Company has elected not to opt out of such extended transition period which means that when a standard is issued or revised and it has different application dates for public or private companies, the Company, as an emerging growth company, can adopt the new or revised standard at the time private companies adopt the new or revised standard. This may make comparison of the Company’s financial statements with another public company which is neither an emerging growth company nor an emerging growth company which has opted out of using the extended transition period difficult or impossible because of the potential differences in accounting standards used.

Use of Estimates

F-16

Table of Contents

BAIYA INTERNATIONAL GROUP INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2022 AND 2021

2. Significant Accounting Policies and Estimates (cont.)

Foreign Currency Translation and Comprehensive income

The Company uses U.S. dollars (“US$”) as its reporting currency. The functional currency of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries incorporated outside of PRC is US$, while the functional currency of the PRC entities, including the Company’s wholly-owned subsidiaries, VIE and VIE’s subsidiaries is Renminbi (“RMB”) as determined based on the criteria of ASC 830, Foreign Currency Matters.

Transactions denominated in other than the functional currencies are re-measured into the functional currency of the entity at the exchange rates prevailing on the transaction dates. Financial assets and liabilities denominated in other than the functional currency are re-measured at the balance sheet date exchange rate. The resulting exchange differences are recorded in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss) as foreign exchange related gain or loss. The consolidated financial statements of the Company’ subsidiaries, VIE and VIE’s subsidiaries using functional currency other than US$ are translated from the functional currency to the reporting currency, US$. Assets and liabilities of the Company’s subsidiaries, VIE and VIE’s subsidiaries incorporated in PRC are translated into US$ at balance sheet date exchange rates, while income and expense items are translated at average exchange rates prevailing during the fiscal year, representing the index rates stipulated by U.S. Federal Reserve. Equity is translated at historical rates. Translation adjustments arising from these are reported as foreign currency translation adjustments and are shown as accumulated other comprehensive income or loss on the consolidated balance sheets.

The following table outlines the currency exchange rates that were used in creating the consolidated financial statements in this report:

	For the Years Ended December 31,
	2022		2021
Year-end spot rate:	$	6.8970	$	6.3726
Average rate	$	6.7290	$	6.4508

Cash

Cash includes cash on hand and demand deposits placed with commercial banks. The VIE and its subsidiaries maintains most of the bank accounts in mainland China. Balances at financial institutions within the mainland China are covered by insurance up to RMB 500,000 (US$76,000) per bank. Any balance over RMB 500,000 per bank in PRC mainland China will not be covered. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, cash balances held in the bank in PRC mainland China are $2,404,170 and $134,488, respectively of which, $2,247,354 and nil was not covered by such insurance, respectively. The Company has not experienced any losses in accounts held in PRC mainland China’s financial institutions and believes it is not exposed to any risks on its cash held in the PRC mainland China’s financial institutions.

Accounts Receivable, Net

F-17

Table of Contents

BAIYA INTERNATIONAL GROUP INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2022 AND 2021

2. Significant Accounting Policies and Estimates (cont.)

Deferred Initial Public Offering (“IPO”) costs

The Company complies with the requirement of the Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 340-10-S99-1 and SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin (“SAB”) Topic 5A — ”Expenses of Offering.” Deferred offering costs consist of underwriting, legal, consulting, and other expenses incurred through the balance sheet date that are directly related to the intended IPO. Deferred offering costs will be charged to shareholders’ equity upon the completion of the IPO. Should the IPO prove to be unsuccessful, these deferred costs, as well as additional expenses to be incurred, will be charged to operations. Deferred IPO costs amounted to $452,521 and nil as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

Advances to Suppliers, Net

Advance to suppliers represented the service fee paid to labor-provide companies but the labor-provider companies have not fully performed their obligation yet. The Company reviews its advances to suppliers on a periodic basis and makes general and specific allowances when there is doubt as to the ability of a supplier to provide supplies or refund an advance. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the allowance against doubtful accounts of advances to suppliers were $329,753 and $21,145, respectively.

Property and Equipment, Net

Property and equipment primarily consist of electronic equipment, which are at cost less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation expense is calculated on a straight-line basis over estimated useful lives of the assets of 3 years. Cost represents the purchase price of the asset and other costs incurred to bring the asset into its existing use. The cost of repairs and maintenance is expensed as incurred; major replacements and improvements are capitalized. When assets are retired or disposed of, the cost and accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts, and any resulting gains or losses are included in income/loss in the year of disposition. The carrying value of property and equipment is reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that it may not be recoverable. If the carrying amount of an asset group is greater than its estimated future undiscounted cash flows, the carrying value is written down to the estimated fair value. There was no impairment of property and equipment for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021. Depreciation expense for years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 was $2,139 and $5,533, respectively.

Operating Leases

The Company early adopted Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2016-02, Leases (as amended by ASU 2018-01, 2018-10, 2018-11, 2018-20, and 2019-01, collectively “ASC 842”) on January 1, 2019 using a modified retrospective approach reflecting the application of the standard to leases existing at, or entered into after, the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented in the consolidated financial statements. The Company elected the package of practical expedients permitted under the transition guidance within ASC 842, which among other things, allows the Company to carry forward certain historical conclusions reached under ASC Topic 840 regarding lease identification, classification, and the accounting treatment of initial direct costs. The Company elected not to record assets and liabilities on its consolidated balance sheet for new or existing lease arrangements with terms of 12 months or less. The Company recognizes lease expenses for such lease on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

The most significant impact upon adoption relates to the recognition of new Right-of-use (“ROU”) assets and lease liabilities on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets for office space leases. At the commencement date of a lease, the Company recognizes a lease liability for future fixed lease payments and a right-of-use (“ROU”) asset representing the right to use the underlying asset during the lease term. The lease liability is initially measured as the present value of the future fixed lease payments that will be made over the lease term. The lease term includes periods for which it’s reasonably certain that the renewal options will be exercised and periods for which it’s reasonably certain that the termination options will not be exercised. The future fixed lease payments are discounted using the rate implicit in the lease, if available, or the incremental borrowing rate (“IBR”). The Company will evaluate the carrying value of ROU

F-18

Table of Contents

BAIYA INTERNATIONAL GROUP INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2022 AND 2021

2. Significant Accounting Policies and Estimates (cont.)

assets if there are indicators of impairment and review the recoverability of the related asset group. If the carrying value of the asset group is determined to not be recoverable and is in excess of the estimated fair value, the Company will record an impairment loss in other expenses in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss).

Fair Value Measurement

The Company follows the provisions of Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 820, “Fair Value Measurement”, which defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value and enhances fair value measurement disclosure. Under these provisions, fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability (i.e., the “exit price”) in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date.

The standard establishes a hierarchy for inputs used in measuring fair value that maximizes the use of observable inputs and minimizes the use of unobservable inputs by requiring that the most observable inputs be used when available. Observable inputs are inputs that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability developed based on market data obtained from sources independent of the Company. Unobservable inputs are inputs that reflect the Company’s assumptions about the assumptions market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability developed based on the best information available in the circumstances when observable inputs are not available. The hierarchy is described below:

		Level 1:		Quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets that are accessible at the measurement date for assets or liabilities. The fair value hierarchy gives the highest priority to Level 1 inputs.
		Level 2:		Observable prices that are based on inputs not quoted on active markets but corroborated by market data.
		Level 3:		Unobservable inputs are used when little or no market data is available. The fair value hierarchy gives the lowest priority to Level 3 inputs.

Financial instruments included in current assets and current liabilities are reported in the consolidated balance sheets at cost, which approximate fair value because of the short period of time between the origination of such instruments and their expected realization and their current market rates of interest.

Impairment of Long-lived Assets

Revenue Recognition

On January 1, 2018, the Company adopted ASC Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASC 606”), using the modified retrospective transition method. The core principle of this new revenue standard is that a company should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the company expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. The following five steps are applied to achieve that core principle:

• Step 1: Identify the contract with the customer

• Step 2: Identify the performance obligations in the contract

F-19

Table of Contents

BAIYA INTERNATIONAL GROUP INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2022 AND 2021

2. Significant Accounting Policies and Estimates (cont.)

• Step 3: Determine the transaction price

• Step 4: Allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract

• Step 5: Recognize revenue when the company satisfies a performance obligation

The Company, through its PRC operating entities, contracts with the labor-demand side companies (employing companies) to facilitate the recruitment of blue-collar labor in PRC. Other than recruitment facilitation, the Company also contracts with its customers for ad hoc service such as advertising agent services and others. The Company considers that its revenues from contracts with customers are generated from recruitment facilitation services which include 1) job matching service, 2) entrusted recruitment service, 3) project outsourcing service, 4) labor dispatching service and other services which include advertising agent services and others.

Recruitment Facilitation

The Company, through its PRC operating entities, contracts with domestic labor service companies to access the blue-collar labor. The recruitment facilitation service is to connect the employing companies with the available blue-collar labor from either the Company or the third-party labor service providers. The recruitment facilitation provides the customers a variety of means of human resource solution, which includes direct employment (job matching or entrusted recruitment), outsourcing or labor dispatching. In recruitment facilitation contract, the Company is contractually obliged to facilitate the human resource recruitment and ensure that blue-collar labor works for the employing companies for a designated period of times. The Company is also contractually obliged to help recruit replaced blue-collar labor if there is a vacancy caused by the resignation of the blue-collar labor that the Company initially introduced. Under entrusted recruitment, project outsourcing and labor dispatching model, if the blue-collar labor has no working experience in the industry of the employing companies, the Company provides short term occupational training to the blue-collar labor prior to their admittance by the employing companies.

The Company concludes its recruitment facilitation services meet all five criteria under Step 1: identify contract with customers in accordance with ASC 606. The Company evaluates the contract with the employing companies to identify performance obligations. A performance obligation is a promise to transfer to the customer either 1) a good or service (or a bundle of goods or services) that is distinct; or 2) a series of distinct goods or services that are substantially the same and that have the same pattern of transfer to the customer. The Company consider its promises to the customers include the recruitment activities that replenish the headcounts in the event of resignation.

• Job matching service

Under job matching service model, the Company connects the employing companies and the labor service companies based on the quantity and the duration of the blue-collar labor the employing company plans to recruit. Once the contract between the employing companies and labor service companies were signed, the Company charges the service fee to the employing company by the quantity of labor recruited at the pre-determined rate per capita per month designated in the contract between the Company and the employing companies. The Company considers that the customers simultaneously receive and consume the benefit in the service period designated by the contract term and therefore recognizes the revenue over time since blue-collar labor starts to work for the employing companies.

F-20

Table of Contents

BAIYA INTERNATIONAL GROUP INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2022 AND 2021

2. Significant Accounting Policies and Estimates (cont.)

• Entrusted recruitment service

Under entrusted recruitment service model, the employing companies and labor service companies are both confidential to each other. The employing companies directly submit recruitment requests to the Company for their recruitment needs, which typically include the number of blue-collar workers needed, work hours, the preferred and required skill sets and etc (the “Overall Work Arrangement”).

Once the service payout rate is negotiated and agreed among the Company and the employing companies, the employing companies will issue the Overall Work Arrangement (or service contract) including the payout rate and labor recruitment request specification. Pursuant to the contracts, the Company’s promises to the customers include the identification on target blue-collar labor, preliminary screening and interview of the candidates before providing them to the employing company, optional training if the blue-collar labor has no relevant working experiences, continuance monitoring of labor performance during the job term, and the commitment to replenish the labor in the event of resignation during the contract service period (usually no more than six months). The Company considers the different service promise in the contract is capable of being distinct because the customer can benefit from the service promise on its own or together with other readily available resources. However, separate delivery of recruitment, optional vocation training, continuance monitoring of labor performance or replenishment cannot achieve employing companies’ intended request, all of which are the input or part of the combined performance obligation to be provided to the customers. The Company considers different promises in recruitment facilitation as a single performance obligation for each assigned labor recruitment. Within each frame contract with the employing company, the Company provides a bundle of services that are substantially the same and that have the same pattern of transfer to the customer.

The third-party labor service companies confirm and settle the service fee with the Company based on the number of the labor hours or workers provided to the Company that is considered satisfactory to the employing companies. The Company has the obligation to pay such service fee to the third-party labor service companies regardless of whether the Company has received the consideration from the employing companies. If the labor candidates provided by such third-party labor companies were not selected by any of the customers, the Company has full right to keep or reject the workers provided by the third-party labor service companies and does not have any obligation to pay the third-party labor companies for the non-selected labor candidates. During the execution of the contract between the Company and the employing companies, the Company regularly communicated with the employing company to resolve issues and collect feedback on the performance of the blue-collar workers. The Company is responsible for briefing the workers for the employing companies’ culture, rules and regulations, worker’s job responsibilities, code of conduct, and provides short term vocation training if needed, and this is not the obligation of the third-party labor companies. When there is a vacancy caused by resignation, the Company needs to find a replacement and will be responsible for the relevant cost incurred. The Company considers itself as principal of the services as it has control of the specified services at any time before it is transferred to the customers which is evidenced by (i) the Company is primarily responsible for fulfilling the promises and transferring services to the customer and assumes fulfilment risk (i.e., risk that the performance obligation will not be satisfied); (ii) having latitude in select third-party labor service companies

F-21

Table of Contents

BAIYA INTERNATIONAL GROUP INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2022 AND 2021

2. Significant Accounting Policies and Estimates (cont.)

and establish pricing, and bears the risk for services that are not fully paid for by customers. Therefore, the Company acts as the principal of these services and reports revenue earned and costs incurred related to these transactions on a gross basis.

For entrusted recruitment services, there are two main types of price rate charging to the employing companies: (i) fixed monthly standard fee per worker, and (ii) fixed hourly rate per worker. There are no potential discounts, concession, rights of return or performance bonuses. The Company satisfies the performance obligation based on days passed over time during the contract service period (usually no more than six months); the customer simultaneously receives and consumes the benefits as their labor needs are satisfied through the Company’s performance during the service term. At the end of each month during the service period, the Company confirms with customers on the total number of workers as well as the total hours if it’s charged at hourly rate. Where collectability is reasonably assured, the Company bills its customers on monthly basis for the service that was provided and recognize revenue accordingly based on the monthly statement agreed with customers as services are delivered in accordance with the contracts.

• Project outsourcing service

Under project outsourcing service model, the Company provide services to the customers in order to fulfil their outsourced labor assignments, such as daily express delivery assignment for China Post. The primary focus of this service is to complete and address the particular quantity and quality needs of the customers. Once the contract for project outsourcing is finalized, the Company makes arrangements with labor service companies for the blue-collar workers for the assignments. The Company assumes liabilities, obligations and performance standards of the outsourced assignments, which includes the criteria on quality and quantity set up by the customers. The Company confirms the service fee based on the work quantity and performance of the specific day with the customers on daily basis. The Company receives the service fee from the customer based on the accumulated assignment accomplished of the month. The Company consider that the customers simultaneously receive and consume the benefit as well as the completion of daily outsourcing assignments.

The Company considers it as the principal in the transaction and records the revenue in gross basis.

• Labor dispatching service

Under labor dispatching service model, the customers submit their labor needs and the Company dispatches its employees directly to the customers. The Company is responsible for the payment of wages to the dispatched workers, and charges service fee to the customer based upon the total number of working hours of the dispatched employees of the Company. The Company considers that the customers simultaneously receive and consume the benefit as well as the dispatch services. The Company controls the specified service before that service is performed for a customer.

Other Services

The revenue generated from other services mainly represents advertising agent revenue provided to China Post, which is recognized on net basis.

Contract Balances

F-22

Table of Contents

BAIYA INTERNATIONAL GROUP INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2022 AND 2021

2. Significant Accounting Policies and Estimates (cont.)

Company has transferred services to the customer before payment is received or is due, and the Company’s right to consideration is conditional on future performance or other factors in the contract. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company had no contract assets.

The Company capitalizes incremental costs incurred to fulfill contracts that (i) relate directly to the contract, (ii) are expected to generate resources that will be used to satisfy the performance obligation under the contract, and (iii) are expected to be recovered through revenue generated under the contract. The compensation expenses of workforce and outsourced workforce in relation with certain project outsourcing services are considered incremental costs to fulfil the contracts. These contract costs are recorded as cost of revenue upon the recognition of the related revenue. Provisions for estimated losses, if any, on uncompleted contracts are recorded in the period in which such losses become probable based on the current contract estimates. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021 the Company had no deferred contract costs.

Disaggregation of Revenue

For the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, all of the Company’s revenue was generated in the PRC and contributed by the VIE and VIE’s subsidiaries. The Company disaggregate revenue into four revenue streams, consisting of job matching service, entrust recruitment service, project outsourcing service and job dispatching service and others as the following table:

	For the Years Ended December 31,
	2022		2021
Category of Revenue
Job matching service	$	—	$	14,589
Entrusted recruitment service		2,749,483		9,587,703
Project outsourcing service		9,844,007		9,876,308
Labor dispatching service		538,583		1,110,788
Other services		29,487		235,177
Total revenues	$	13,161,560	$	20,824,565

The Company disaggregates revenue by transferal of services as the following table:

	For the Years Ended December 31,
	2022		2021
Timing of Revenue Recognition
Services transferred over time	$	13,161,560	$	20,824,565
Services transferred at a point in time		—		—
Total revenues	$	13,161,560	$	20,824,565

F-23

Table of Contents

BAIYA INTERNATIONAL GROUP INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2022 AND 2021

2. Significant Accounting Policies and Estimates (cont.)

Cost of Revenues

Cost of revenues primarily consists of the referral or service fee paid to labor-provider companies, outsourcing fees paid to labor-provider companies, and salaries paid to temporary employees for labor dispatching service.

Research and Development Expenses

Research and development expenses consist primarily of employee salaries and benefits for research and development personnel, allocated overhead and outsourced development expenses. During the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, no costs for research and development was qualified for capitalization; the Company expensed all research and development expenses as incurred.

Value Added Taxes (“VAT”)

The Company’s PRC subsidiary, VIE and its subsidiaries are subject to value added tax (“VAT”) and related surcharges based on gross sales or service price depending on the type of services provided in the PRC (“output VAT”), and the VAT may be offset by VAT paid by the Company on service purchases (“input VAT”). The applicable rate of output VAT or input VAT for the Company ranges from 1% to 9%. Gross sales or service price charged to customers is subject to output VAT and subsequently paid to PRC tax authorities after netting input VAT on purchases incurred during the period. The Company’s revenues are presented net of VAT collected on behalf of PRC tax authorities and its related surcharges; the VAT is not included in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income. All of the VAT returns filed by the Company’s PRC operating entities, have been and remain subject to examination by the tax authorities for five years from the date of this report.

Income Taxes

The Company recognizes a tax benefit associated with an uncertain tax position when, in its judgment, it is more likely than not that the position will be sustained upon examination by a taxing authority. For a tax position that meets the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold, the Company initially and subsequently measures the tax benefit as the largest amount that the Company judges to have a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement with a taxing authority. The Company’s liability associated with unrecognized tax benefits is adjusted periodically due to changing circumstances, such as the progress of tax audits, case law developments and new or emerging legislation. Such adjustments are recognized entirely in the period in which they are identified. The Company’s effective tax rate includes the net impact of changes in the liability for unrecognized tax benefits and subsequent adjustments as considered appropriate by management. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company had no significant uncertain tax positions that qualify for either recognition or disclosure in the financial statements. The Company recognizes interest and penalties related to significant uncertain income tax positions in other expense if any. There were no such interest and penalties as of December 31, 2022 and 2021.

F-24

Table of Contents

BAIYA INTERNATIONAL GROUP INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2022 AND 2021

2. Significant Accounting Policies and Estimates (cont.)

Non-controlling Interests

The Company follows FASB ASC Topic 810, “Consolidation,” governing the accounting for and reporting of non-controlling interests (“NCIs”) in partially owned consolidated subsidiaries and the loss of control of subsidiaries. Certain provisions of this standard indicate, among other things, that NCI (previously referred to as minority interests) be treated as a separate component of equity, not as a liability, that increases and decreases in the parent’s ownership interest that leave control intact be treated as equity transactions rather than as step acquisitions or dilution gains or losses, and that losses of a partially-owned consolidated subsidiary be allocated to non-controlling interests even when such allocation might result in a deficit balance.

The net income attributed to NCI was separately designated in the accompanying statements of operations and comprehensive income. Losses attributable to NCI in a subsidiary may exceed a NCI’s interests in the subsidiary’s equity. The excess attributable to NCI is attributed to those interests. NCIs shall continue to be attributed their share of losses even if that attribution results in a deficit NCIs balance.

As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company had NCIs of $86,017 and $162,320, which represents the 5% equity ownership of the VIE and its subsidiaries.

Loss per Share

Basic loss per ordinary share is computed by dividing net loss attributable to ordinary shareholders by the weighted-average number of ordinary shares outstanding during the period. Diluted loss per share is computed by dividing net loss attributable to ordinary shareholders by the sum of the weighted average number of ordinary share outstanding and of potential ordinary share (e.g., convertible securities, options and warrants) as if they had been converted at the beginning of the periods presented, or issuance date, if later. Potential ordinary share that has an anti-dilutive effect (i.e., those that increase income per share or decrease loss per share) are excluded from the calculation of diluted loss per share. For the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company had no dilutive stocks.

Related Parties and Transactions

The Company identifies related parties, and accounts for, discloses related party transactions in accordance with ASC 850, “Related Party Disclosures” and other relevant ASC standards. Parties are considered to be related to the Company if the parties, directly or indirectly, through one or more intermediaries, control, are controlled by, or are under common control with the Company. Related parties also include principal owners of the Company, its management, members of the immediate families of principal owners of the Company and its management and other parties with which the Company may deal with if one party controls or can significantly influence the management or operating policies of the other to an extent that one of the transacting parties might be prevented from fully pursuing its own separate interests. The Company discloses all significant related party transactions in Note 7.

Segment Reporting

FASB ASC Topic 280, “Segment Reporting,” establishes standards for reporting information about operating segments on a basis consistent with the Company’s internal organizational structure as well as information about geographical areas, business segments and major customers in financial statements for details on the Company’s business segments. Based on the management’s assessment, the Company determined that it has only one operating segment and therefore one reportable segment as defined by ASC 280. The Company’s assets are substantially all located in the PRC and substantially all of the Company’s revenue and expense are derived in the PRC. Therefore, no geographical segments are presented.

F-25

Table of Contents

BAIYA INTERNATIONAL GROUP INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2022 AND 2021

2. Significant Accounting Policies and Estimates (cont.)

Currency Convertibility Risk

Substantially all of the Company’s operating activities are settled in RMB, which is not freely convertible into foreign currencies. In the PRC, certain foreign exchange transactions are required by law to be transacted only by authorized financial institutions at exchange rates set by the People’s Bank of China (“PBOC”). Remittances in currencies other than RMB by the Company in China must be processed through the PBOC or other Company foreign exchange regulatory bodies which require certain supporting documentation in order to affect the remittance.

Concentrations and Credit Risk

Financial instruments which potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist principally of cash and accounts receivable.

The Company maintains certain bank accounts in the PRC. On May 1, 2015, China’s new Deposit Insurance Regulation came into effect, pursuant to which banking financial institutions, such as commercial banks, established in the PRC are required to purchase deposit insurance for deposits in RMB and in foreign currency placed with them. Such Deposit Insurance Regulation would not be effective in providing complete protection for the Company’s accounts, as its aggregate deposits are much higher than the compensation limit, which is RMB500,000 for one bank. Other than such deposit insurance mechanism, the Company’s bank accounts are not insured by Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation insurance or other insurance. However, the Company believes that the risk of failure of any of these Chinese banks is remote. Bank failure is uncommon in the PRC and the Company believes that those Chinese banks that hold the Company’s cash are financially sound based on public available information.

Accounts receivable are typically unsecured and derived from services rendered to customers that are located in the PRC, thereby exposed to credit risk. The risk is mitigated by the Company’s assessment of customers’ creditworthiness and its ongoing monitoring of outstanding balances. The Company has a concentration of its receivables with specific customers.

During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company had three major customers, who accounted for 26%, 22% and 18% of the Company’s total revenue, respectively. As of December 31, 2022, the balance due from three customer accounted for 30%, 14%, and 8% of the Company’s total accounts receivable, respectively.

During the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company had two major customers, who accounted for 34% and 10% of the Company’s total revenue, respectively. As of December 31, 2021, the balance due from one customer accounted for 60% of the Company’s total accounts receivable.

During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company had three major service providers, who accounted for 46%, 33% and 10% of the Company’s total purchase of service, respectively. As of December 31, 2022, three service providers accounted for 4%, 53% and 24% of the Company’s accounts payable, respectively.

During the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company had three major service providers, who accounted for 23%, 12% and 10% of the Company’s total purchase of service, respectively. As of December 31, 2021, three service providers accounted for 49%, 23% and 17% of the Company’s accounts payable, respectively.

Interest Rate Risk

Fluctuations in market interest rates may negatively affect the Company’s financial condition and results of operations. The Company is exposed to floating interest rate risk on cash deposit and floating rate borrowings, and the risks due to changes in interest rates is not material. The Company has not used any derivative financial instruments to manage the Company’s interest risk exposure.

F-26

Table of Contents

BAIYA INTERNATIONAL GROUP INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2022 AND 2021

2. Significant Accounting Policies and Estimates (cont.)

Commitments and Contingencies

Certain conditions may exist as of the date the consolidated financial statements are issued, which may result in a loss to the Company but which will only be resolved when one or more future events occur or fail to occur. The Company’s management and legal counsel assess such contingent liabilities, and such assessment inherently involves an exercise of judgment. In assessing loss contingencies related to legal proceedings that are pending against the Company or unasserted claims that may result in such proceedings, the Company’s legal counsel evaluates the perceived merits of any legal proceedings or unasserted claims as well as the perceived merits of the amount of relief sought or expected to be sought. If the assessment of a contingency indicates that it is probable that a material loss has been incurred and the amount of the liability can be estimated, the estimated liability would be accrued in the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

If the assessment indicates that a potential material loss contingency is not probable but is reasonably possible, or is probable but cannot be estimated, the nature of the contingent liability, together with an estimate of the range of possible loss if determinable and material, would be disclosed. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company has no such contingencies.

Statement of Cash Flows

In accordance with FASB ASC Topic 230, “Statement of Cash Flows,” cash flows from the Company’s operations are calculated based upon the local currencies. As a result, amounts shown on the statement of cash flows may not necessarily agree with changes in the corresponding asset and liability on the balance sheet.

3. New Accounting Pronouncements

F-27

Table of Contents

BAIYA INTERNATIONAL GROUP INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2022 AND 2021

3. New Accounting Pronouncements (cont.)

4. Accounts Receivable, net

Accounts receivable, net consisted of the following:

	As of December 31,
	2022			2021
Accounts receivable	$	3,013,858		$	4,005,697
Less: allowance for doubtful accounts		(580,911	)		(73,188	)
Accounts receivable, net	$	2,432,947		$	3,932,509

The follow table presents movement of the allowance for doubtful account:

	As of December 31,
	2022			2021
Balance at the beginning of the year	$	73,188		$	—
Provisions		513,279			72,301
Foreign exchange adjustment		(5,556	)		887
Balance at the end of the year	$	580,911		$	73,188

5. Leases

The Company leases several office spaces for its head office and branch offices. Rent expense under all operating leases, included in operating expenses in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income. The Company adopted FASB ASC Topic 842 on January 1, 2019. The components of lease costs, lease term and discount rate with respect of the Company’s office leases with an initial term of more than 12 months are as the following:

Balance sheet information related to the Company’s operating leases:

	As of December 31,
	2022		2021
Right-of-used assets	$	156,247	$	355,311
Lease liabilities – current	$	22,292	$	34,023
Lease liabilities – non-current		—		15,101
Total lease liabilities	$	22,292	$	49,124

F-28

Table of Contents

BAIYA INTERNATIONAL GROUP INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2022 AND 2021

5. Leases (cont.)

The weighted-average remaining lease term and the weighted-average discount rate of leases are as follows:

	Years Ended December 31,
	2022		2021
Weighted average remaining lease term (years)	0.90		1.90
Weighted average discount rate	5	%	5	%

Operating lease expenses were $177,844 and $195,251, respectively, for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021. The cash lease payment for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 were $33,680 and $512,168, respectively.

The following table summarizes the maturity of operating lease liabilities as of December 31, 2022:

12 months ending December 31,
2023	$	22,571
Total lease payments		22,571
Less: Imputed interest		(279	)
Total lease liabilities	$	22,292

6. Accrued Liabilities and Other Payables

Accrued liabilities and other payables mainly consisted of the following:

	As of December 31,
	2022		2021
Deposits	$	335,319	$	673,525
Accrued expenses		562,008		182,115
Salary payable		688,674		770,997
Others		262,046		77,780
Total	$	1,848,047	$	1,704,417

7. Related Party Transactions and Balances

Related party affiliations were attributed to transactions conducted between the Company and the shareholders, or those business entities partially or wholly owned by Company’s officers or shareholders. The related party balance as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 and the transactions for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 are identified as follows:

Related Party Balances:

a) Due from related parties

The Company periodically loans funds to its related parties for business purposes. The balance due from related parties is typically interest-free and due upon demand. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company had the total amounts due from related parties of $1,969,553 and $2,933,960, respectively, which were mainly due from the shareholder of the Company and the founder of the VIE, Mr. Daoning Xia (“Mr. Xia”), Ms. Guoping Xia (“Ms. Xia”) who is the sister of Mr. Xia, and their affiliated entities. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the amount due from Mr. Xia and his affiliated companies were $806,129 and $2,903,370, respectively. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the amount due from Ms. Xia and her affiliated companies were $922,644 and $nil, respectively. As of the date of this report, the partial balance of amount due from Mr. Xia and Ms. Xia was repaid pursuant to the debt settlement agreement between Mr. Xia and Mr. Weilai Zhang (“Mr. Zhang”), a shareholder and Director of the Company, the balance of amount due from Mr. Xia and Ms. Xia as of December 31, 2022 was partially settled by Mr. Zhang on

F-29

Table of Contents

BAIYA INTERNATIONAL GROUP INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2022 AND 2021

7. Related Party Transactions and Balances (cont.)

behalf of Mr. Xia as a result of payment made by Mr. Zhang for a total of $932,017 professional service fee associated with the Company’s initial public offering during the period from March 2022 to December 2022, which was recorded as the Company’s liabilities due to Mr. Zhang during such period.

b) Due to related parties

The amount due to related parties represents the funds provided by companies controlled by Mr. Zhang, Mr. Xia, and Mr. Xiaojun Wang, a director of VIE’s subsidiary, for the Company’s working capital needs and the payable balances for expenses and reimbursement in normal business courses. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company had the total amounts due to related parties of $1,498,328 and $216,914, of which $1,491,474 and $188,280 was due to related party for working capital purposes, respectively. As of the date of this report, none of the balances as of December 31, 2022 has been repaid.

Related Party Transactions:

During the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company provided entrust recruitment services to related party companies and generated service revenue of $135,029 and $76,913, respectively.

8. Line of Credit and Long-term Loans

Loans payable represented amount due to various banks and trust company maturing within one or over one year. The principal of the borrowing is due at maturity. The loans payable consisted of the following:

	As of December 31, 2022		As of December 31, 2021
Bank of China	$	144,990	$	—
Total Line of Credit	$	144,990	$	—

	As of December 31, 2022		As of December 31, 2021
Long-term loans from WeBank Co., Ltd. (“WeBank”)	$	532,838	$	—
Huaneng Guicheng Trust Co., Ltd. (“Huaneng Guicheng Trust”)		86,994		—
Total long-term loans	$	619,832	$	—

Line of Credit

On March 22, 2022, Gongwuyuan entered into a one-year bank credit facility with Bank of China, pursuance to which Gongwuyuan can withdraw up to $154,300 (or RMB 1,000,000) for a term from March 22, 2022 to March 21, 2023 at a fixed annual interest rate of 4.35%. During the year ended December 31, 2022, Gongwuyuan has withdrew a total of $192,875 (or RMB 1,250,000) under the credit facility and repaid $38,575 (or RMB 250,000), and had $144,990 outstanding balance as of December 31, 2022. Gongwuyuan has repaid the balance in full at maturity and did not renew this credit line.

F-30

Table of Contents

BAIYA INTERNATIONAL GROUP INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2022 AND 2021

8. Line of Credit and Long-term Loans (cont.)

Long-Term Loans

On February 22, 2022, Yifang entered into a two-year loan with Huaneng Guicheng Trust to obtain a loan of $138,870 (or RMB 900,000) for a term from February 22, 2022 to February 22, 2024 at a fixed interest rate of 7.2%. The loan is guaranteed by Mr. Xingbo Wang, the legal representative of Yifang. During the year ended December 31, 2022, Yifang repaid $43,497 (or RMB 300,000), and had $86,994 outstanding balance as of December 31, 2022.

On January 22, 2022, Dongguan Gongwuyuan Yifang Talent Service Co., Ltd. (“Yifang”) entered into a one-year loan with Huaneng Guicheng Trust to obtain a loan of $3,086 (or RMB 20,000) for a term from January 22, 2022 to January 22, 2024 at a fixed interest rate of 13.86%. The loan is guaranteed by Mr. Xingbo Wang, the legal representative of Yifang. On January 24, 2022, the Yifang repaid the loan fully in advance.

On January 24, 2022, Yifang entered into two two-year loans with Huaneng Guicheng Trust to obtain a loan of $308,600 (or RMB 2,000,000) for a term from January 24, 2022 to January 22, 2024 at a fixed interest rate of 13.86%. The loan is guaranteed by Mr. Xingbo Wang, the legal representative of Yifang. On February 23, 2022, Yifang repaid the loans fully in advance.

On January 24, 2022, Yifang entered into a two-year loan with We Bank Corporation (the “WeBank”) to obtain a loan of $98,752 (or RMB 640,000) for a term from January 24, 2022 to January 22, 2024 at a fixed interest rate of 13.86%. The loan is guaranteed by Mr. Xingbo Wang, the legal representative of Yifang. On February 18, 2022, Yifang repaid the loan fully in advance.

On February 23, 2022, Yifang entered into a two-year loan with the WeBank to obtain a loan of $154,300 (or RMB 1,000,000) for a term from February 23, 2022 to February 22, 2024 at a fixed interest rate of 7.2%. This loan is guaranteed by Mr. Xingbo Wang, the legal representative of Yifang. The Company is required to make monthly interest and principal payment. During the year ended December 31, 2022, Yifang repaid $48,330 (or RMB 333,333). As of December 31, 2022, Yifang had outstanding balance of $96,660.

On April 20, 2022, Yifang entered into two two-year loan with the WeBank to obtain a loan of $154,300 (or RMB 1,000,000) for a term from April 20, 2022 to April 22, 2024 at a fixed interest rate of 7.2%. The loan is guaranteed by Mr. Xingbo Wang, the legal representative of Yifang. During the year ended December 31, 2022, Yifang repaid $34,521 (or RMB 238,095). As of December 31, 2022, Yifang had outstanding balance of $110,468.

On March 23, 2022, Gongwuyuan entered into a short-term loan with the WeBank to obtain a loan of $154,300 (or RMB 1,000,000) for a term from March 23, 2022 to March 30, 2022 at a fixed annual interest rate of 3.6%. On March 30, 2022, Gongwuyuan entered into another loan agreement to extend the loan to March 28, 2024 a fixed annual interest rate of 9%. This loan is guaranteed by Mr. Peng Yao, the legal representative of Gongwuyuan. On April 22, 2022, Gongwuyuan repaid the loan fully in advance.

On March 24, 2022, Gongwuyuan entered into a two-year loan with the WeBank to obtain a loan of $152,757 (or RMB 990,000) for a term from March 24, 2022 to March 24, 2024 at a fixed interest rate of 9.45%. This loan is guaranteed by Mr. Peng Yao, the legal representative of Gongwuyuan. On April 22, 2022, Gongwuyuan repaid the loan fully in advance.

On March 24, 2022, Gongwuyuan entered into a two-year loan with the WeBank to obtain a loan of $154,300 (or RMB 1,000,000) for a term from March 24, 2022 to March 24, 2024 at a fixed interest rate of 9.45%. This loan was guaranteed by Mr. Peng Yao, the legal representative of Gongwuyuan. The Company is required to make monthly interest and principal payment. During the year ended December 31, 2022, Gongwuyan repaid $54,371 (or RMB 375,000). As of December 31, 2022, Gongwuyuan had outstanding balance of $90,619.

F-31

Table of Contents

BAIYA INTERNATIONAL GROUP INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2022 AND 2021

8. Line of Credit and Long-term Loans (cont.)

On May 31, 2022, Gongwuyuan entered into a two-year loan with the WeBank for $30,860 (or RMB 200,000) for a term from May 31, 2022 to May 24, 2024 at a fixed interest rate of 10.08%. This loan was guaranteed by Mr. Peng Yao, the legal representative of Gongwuyuan. The Company is required to make monthly interest and principal payment. During the year ended December 31, 2022, Gongwuyuan repaid $8,458 (or RMB 58,333). As of December 31, 2022, Gongwuyuan had outstanding balance of $20,540.

On May 31, 2022, Gongwuyuan entered into a two-year loan with the WeBank for $154,300 (or RMB 1,000,000) for a term from May 31, 2022 to May 24, 2024 at a fixed interest rate of 10.08%. This loan was guaranteed by Mr. Peng Yao, the legal representative of Gongwuyuan. The Company is required to make monthly interest and principal payment. During the year ended December 31, 2022, Gongwuyuan repaid $42,289 (or RMB 291,667). As of December 31, 2022, Gongwuyuan had outstanding balance of $102,701.

On July 1, 2022, Gongwuyuan entered into a two-year loan with the WeBank for $130,491 (or RMB 900,000) for a term from July 1, 2022 to June 24, 2024 at a fixed interest rate of 8.46%. This loan was guaranteed by Mr. Peng Yao, the legal representative of Gongwuyuan. The Company is required to make monthly interest and principal payment. During the year ended December 31, 2022, Gongwuyuan repaid $18,642 (or RMB 128,571). As of December 31, 2022, Gongwuyuan had outstanding balance of $111,850.

For year ended December 31, 2022, the weighted average annual interest rate for the bank loans was approximately 9%. Interest expense for the above-mentioned loans amounted to $55,640 during the year ended December 31, 2022.

As of December 31, 2022, the future minimum loan payments to be paid by year are as follows:

Year Ending	Amount
December 31, 2023	$	729,839
December 31, 2024		54,520
Less: Imputed interest		19,537
Total Loan payable	$	764,822

9. Income Tax

Cayman Islands

Under the current laws of the Cayman Islands, the Company is not subject to tax on income or capital gain. Additionally, the Cayman Islands does not impose a withholding tax on payments of dividends to shareholders.

British Virgin Islands

Under the current and applicable laws of BVI, Ruifeng BVI is not subject to tax on income or capital gains.

Hong Kong

Juxing HK is incorporated in Hong Kong and is subject to Hong Kong Profits Tax on the taxable income as reported in its statutory financial statements adjusted in accordance with relevant Hong Kong tax laws. The applicable tax rate for the first HKD 2 million of assessable profits is 8.25% and assessable profits above HKD$2 million will continue to be subject to the rate of 16.5% for corporations in Hong Kong, effective from the year of assessment 2018/2019. Juxing HK did not make any provisions for Hong Kong profit tax as there were no assessable profits derived from or earned in Hong Kong since inception. Under Hong Kong tax laws, Juxing HK is exempted from income tax on its foreign-derived income and there are no withholding taxes in Hong Kong on remittance of dividends.

F-32

Table of Contents

BAIYA INTERNATIONAL GROUP INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2022 AND 2021

9. Income Tax (cont.)

PRC

Under the Enterprise Income Tax (“EIT”) Law of the PRC, domestic enterprises and Foreign Investment Enterprises (the “FIE”) are usually subject to a unified 25% EIT rate while preferential tax rates, tax holidays, and even tax exemption may be granted on case-by-case basis. From January 1, 2019 to December 31, 2020, small and low-profit enterprises with annual taxable income not exceeding RMB 1 million, the actual income to be taxed will be 25% of annual taxable income, and the tax rate was 20%; small and low-profit enterprises with annual taxable income exceeding RMB 1 million but not more than RMB 3 million, the actual income to be taxed was 50% of annual taxable income, and the corporate income tax is paid at the rate of 20%. From January 1, 2021 to December 31, 2021, small and low-profit enterprises with annual taxable income not exceeding RMB 1 million, the actual income to be taxed was further lowered to 12.5% of annual taxable income, and the tax rate will be 20%; From January 1, 2022 to December 31, 2024, small and low-profit enterprises with annual taxable income exceeding RMB 1 million but not more than RMB 3 million, the actual income to be taxed will be further lowered at 25% of annual taxable income, and the corporate income tax is paid at the rate of 20%.

The current PRC EIT Law imposes a 10% withholding income tax for dividends distributed by foreign invested enterprises to their immediate holding companies outside the PRC. A lower withholding tax rate will be applied if there is a tax treaty arrangement between the PRC and the jurisdiction of the foreign holding company. Distributions to holding companies in Hong Kong that satisfy certain requirements specified by the PRC tax authorities, for example, will be subject to a 5% withholding tax rate.

The provision for income tax consisted of the following:

	For the Years ended December 31,
	2022			2021
Current income tax expense	$	26,719		$	212,532
Deferred income tax benefit		(3,298	)		(12,199	)
Total income tax expense	$	23,421		$	200,333

The following table reconciles the statutory rate to the Company’s effective tax rate:

	For the Years ended December 31,
	2022		2021
PRC statutory tax rate	25	%	25.0	%
Effect of preferential tax rate(a)	(1.2	)%	(3.7	)%
Effect of change in tax rate	15.0	%	2.8	%
Effect of research and development credits	5.0	%	(1.0	)%
Non-deductible expenses	—	%	0.2	%
Effect of change in valuation allowance	(45.6	)%	20.9	%
Effective tax rate	(1.8	)%	44.2	%

____________

(a) VIE and certain VIE’s subsidiaries are subject to different favorable tax rates for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021. For the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, the tax saving as the result of the favorable tax rate amounted to $15,123 and $16,708, respectively, and per share effect of the favorable tax rate were $0.002 and $0.002 (after share reorganization), respectively.

F-33

Table of Contents

BAIYA INTERNATIONAL GROUP INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2022 AND 2021

9. Income Tax (cont.)

The components of deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities are as follows:

	As of December 31,
	2022			2021
Deferred tax assets:
Allowance for doubtful accounts	$	129,529		$	4,717
Net operating loss carrying forwards		658,052			233,590
Operating lease liabilities		3,145			3,265
Total deferred tax assets		790,726			241,572
Less: Valuation allowance		(753,149	)		(194,315	)
Total deferred tax assets, net		37,577			47,257

Deferred tax liabilities:
Operating lease right of use assets		31,603			44,274
Total deferred tax liabilities		31,603			44,274
Deferred tax assets (liabilities), net	$	5,974		$	2,983

The Company evaluates its valuation allowance requirements at end of each reporting period by reviewing all available evidence, both positive and negative, and considering whether, based on the weight of that evidence, a valuation allowance is needed. When circumstances cause a change in management’s judgement about the realizability of deferred tax assets, the impact of the change on the valuation allowance is generally reflected in income from operations. The future realization of the tax benefit of an existing deductible temporary difference ultimately depends on the existence of sufficient taxable income of the appropriate character within the carry forward period available under applicable tax law. As of December 31, 2022, the Company’s PRC operating entities had $658,052 net operating loss that can be carried forward to offset future taxable income for five years from the year the loss is incurred. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, due to uncertainties surrounding future utilization on PRC subsidiary, the VIE and VIE’s subsidiaries accrued valuation allowance of $753,149 and $194,315, respectively, against the deferred tax assets based upon management’s assessment as to their realization.

As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company had no significant uncertain tax positions that qualify for either recognition or disclosure in the financial statements. The Company recognizes interest and penalties related to significant uncertain income tax positions in other expense if any; however, there were no such interest and penalties as of December 31, 2022 and 2021.

Taxes payable mainly consisted of the following:

	As of December 31,
	2022		2021
Income tax payable	$	229,059	$	260,753
Value added tax		7,440		85,172
Other taxes payable		1,908		13,607
Total	$	238,407	$	359,532

10. Shareholders’ Equity

Ordinary and Preferred Shares

The Company was incorporated under the laws of the Cayman Islands on October 18, 2021. The authorized number of ordinary shares is 500,000,000 shares with a par value of $0.0001 per share, and 100,000 ordinary shares were issued on October 18, 2021.

F-34

Table of Contents

BAIYA INTERNATIONAL GROUP INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2022 AND 2021

10. Shareholders’ Equity (cont.)

On December 14, 2022, all the shareholders and directors of the Company approved to amend the Company’s authorized share capital by creating two classes of shares in the authorized share capital, (i) 400,000,000 ordinary shares of $0.0001 par value each and (ii) 100,000,000 preferred shares of $0.0001 par value each. The issued share capital remains unchanged, being 100,000 ordinary shares of par value of $0.0001 each on December 14, 2022.

On December 15, 2022, all the directors of the Company approved to issue additional 9,900,000 ordinary shares at par value of $0.0001 per shares to all existing shareholders on a pro rata basis, subject to the Company receiving the subscription prices of $990 in cleared funds. The Company recorded $990 subscription receivable from the existing shareholders for the issuance of 9,900,000 ordinary shares. The Company consider this stock insurance was part of the Company’s reorganization to result in 10,000,000 ordinary shares issued and outstanding prior to completion of this offering and similar to stick split.

The Company believes it is appropriate to reflect such changes in share structure on a retroactive basis pursuant to ASC 260. The Company has retroactively restated all shares and per share data for all periods presented. As a result, the Company had 100,000,000 authorized preferred shares, par value of $0.0001, nil shares were issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2022 and 2021. The Company had 400,000,000 authorized ordinary shares, par value of $0.0001, of which, 10,000,000 shares were issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2022 and 2021.

Statutory Reserve

In accordance with the PRC Company Laws, the Company’s PRC operating entities are required to provide for statutory reserves, which are appropriated from net profit as reported in the Company’s PRC statutory accounts. They are required to allocate 10% of their after-tax profits to fund statutory reserves until such reserves have reached 50% of their respective registered capital. These reserve funds, however, may not be distributed as cash dividends. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the statutory reserves of the Company’s PRC operating entities have not reached 50% of their respective registered capital. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company’s PRC operating entities collectively attributed $290,860 and $258,944 of retained earnings for their statutory reserves, respectively.

Restricted Net Assets

The Company’s ability to pay dividends is primarily dependent on the Company receiving distributions of funds from its subsidiaries. Relevant PRC statutory laws and regulations permit payments of dividends by the Company’s operating entities only out of their retained earnings, if any, as determined in accordance with PRC accounting standards and regulations. The results of operations reflected in the consolidated financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP differ from those reflected in the statutory financial statements of the Company’s operating entities. Foreign exchange and other regulations in the PRC may further restrict the Company’s subsidiaries and PRC operating entities from transferring funds to the Company in the form of dividends, loans and advances. Amounts restricted include paid-in capital and statutory reserves of the Company’s PRC subsidiary as determined pursuant to PRC generally accepted accounting principles. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company had $2,082,109 and $2,141,995 restricted net assets, respectively.

11. Subsequent Events

The Company evaluated subsequent events and transactions that occurred after the balance sheet date through the date that the consolidated financial statements were available to be issued, and determined that the Company had the following subsequent events:

On March 3, 2023, Gongwuyuan entered into a two-year loan with the WeBank to obtain a loan of $101,493 (or RMB 700,000) for a term from March 3, 2023 to March 24, 2025 at a fixed interest rate of 14.26%. This loan was guaranteed by Mr. Peng Yao, the legal representative of Gongwuyuan. The Company is required to make monthly interest and principal payment. As of the date of this report, Gongwuyuan had outstanding balance of $91,827.

F-35

Table of Contents

BAIYA INTERNATIONAL GROUP INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2022 AND 2021

11. Subsequent Events (cont.)

On March 8, 2023, Gongwuyuan entered into a two-year loan with the WeBank to obtain a loan of $28,998 (or RMB 200,000) for a term from March 8, 2023 to February 24, 2025 at a fixed interest rate of 15.84%. This loan was guaranteed by Mr. Peng Yao, the legal representative of Gongwuyuan. The Company is required to make monthly interest and principal payment. As of the date of this report, Gongwuyuan repaid the loans in full.

On March 16, 2023, Gongwuyuan entered into two two-year loans with the WeBank to obtain a loan of $72,495 (or RMB 500,000) and a loan of $144,990 (or RMB 1,000,000), respectively, for a term from March 16, 2023 to March 24, 2025 at a fixed interest rate of 8.35%. These loan was guaranteed by Mr. Peng Yao, the legal representative of Gongwuyuan. The Company is required to make monthly interest and principal payment. As of the date of this report, Gongwuyuan had outstanding balance of $60,412 and 120,825, respectively.

On March 20, 2023, Gongwuyuan entered into a two-year loan with the WeBank to obtain a loan of $115,992 (or RMB 800,000) for a term from March 20, 2023 to March 24, 2025 at a fixed interest rate of 8.82%. This loan was guaranteed by Mr. Peng Yao, the legal representative of Gongwuyuan. The Company is required to make monthly interest and principal payment. As of the date of this report, Gongwuyuan had outstanding balance of $103,909.

On March 30, 2023, Gongwuyuan entered into a two-year loan with the Bank of Communications to obtain a loan of $75,250 (or RMB 519,000) for a term from March 30, 2023 to March 29, 2025 at a fixed interest rate of 4.95%. The Company is required to make monthly interest and principal payment. As of the date of this report, Gongwuyuan had outstanding balance of $75,250.

On April 21, 2023, Gongwuyuan entered into a one-year loan with the China Construction Bank to obtain a loan of $232,060 (or RMB 1,600,521) for a term from April 21, 2023 to April 21, 2024 at a fixed interest rate of 3.8%. This loan was guaranteed by Mr. Peng Yao, the legal representative of Gongwuyuan. The Company is required to make monthly interest and principal payment. As of the date of this report, Gongwuyuan had outstanding balance of $232,060.

On February 28, 2023, Zhongshan Jushangyue entered into a three-month short term loan with the Fulong Loan Company to obtain a loan of $84,819 (or RMB 585,000), for a term from February 28, 2023 to May 31, 2023 at a fixed interest rate of 14.4%. This loan was guaranteed by the Company’s accounts receivable. As of the date of this report, Zhongshan Jushangyue repaid the loan in full.

On March 22, 2023, Zhongshan Jushangyue entered into a three-month short term loan with the Fulong Loan Company to obtain a loan of $216,035 (or RMB 1,490,000), for a term from March 22, 2023 to June 30, 2023 at a fixed interest rate of 14.4%. This loan was guaranteed by the Company’s accounts receivable. As of the date of this report, Zhongshan Jushangyue repaid the loan in full.

On May 25, 2023, Zhongshan Jushangyue entered into a two-month short term loan with the Fulong Loan Company to obtain a loan of $111,207 (or RMB 767,000), for a term from May 25, 2023 to July 30, 2023 at a fixed interest rate of 14.4%. This loan was guaranteed by the Company’s accounts receivable. As of the date of this report, Zhongshan Jushangyue repaid the loan in full.

On June 25, 2023, Zhongshan Jushangyue entered into a three-month short term loan with the Fulong Loan Company to obtain a loan of $109,757 (or RMB 757,000), for a term from June 25, 2023 to September 30, 2023 at a fixed interest rate of 14.4%. This loan was guaranteed by the Company’s accounts receivable. As of the date of this report, Zhongshan Jushangyue repaid the loan in full.

F-36

Table of Contents

BAIYA INTERNATIONAL GROUP INC.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(Expressed in U.S. Dollars, except for the number of shares)

	As of June 30, 2023		As of December 31, 2022
	(Unaudited)
ASSETS

CURRENT ASSETS
Cash	$	2,407,959	$	2,404,170
Accounts receivable, net		2,592,305		2,432,947
Advance to suppliers, net		149,998		41,564
Due from related parties		1,818,128		1,969,553
Deferred IPO costs		430,392		452,521
Prepaid expense and other current assets		683,289		412,189
Total current assets		8,082,071		7,712,944

NON-CURRENT ASSETS
Property and equipment, net		2,715		3,264
Right-of-use asset, net		96,441		156,247
Deferred tax assets, net		—		5,974
Total noncurrent assets		99,156		165,485
TOTAL ASSETS	$	8,181,227	$	7,878,429

LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

CURRENT LIABILITIES
Accounts payable	$	2,265,498	$	1,772,456
Advance from customers		29,870		31,406
Accrued liabilities and other payables		1,690,470		1,848,047
Taxes payable		227,740		238,407
Due to related parties		1,555,181		1,498,328
Lease liability		30,751		22,292
Line of credit		—		144,990
Loan payables		775,897		565,979
Total current liabilities		6,575,407		6,121,905

NON-CURRENT LIABILITIES
Lease liability		7,795		—
Loan payables		155,712		53,853
Total non-current liabilities		163,507		53,853
TOTAL LIABILITIES		6,738,914		6,175,758

F-37

Table of Contents

BAIYA INTERNATIONAL GROUP INC.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS — (Continued)
(Expressed in U.S. Dollars, except for the number of shares)

	As of June 30, 2023			As of December 31, 2022
	(Unaudited)
COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

STOCKHOLDER’S EQUITY
Preferred shares, par value $0.0001, 100,000,000 shares authorized, nil shares issued and outstanding		—			—
Ordinary common shares, par value $0.0001, 400,000,000 shares authorized, 10,000,000 shares issued and outstanding		1,000			1,000
Additional paid-in capital		1,775,941			1,775,941
Subscription receivable		(990	)		(990	)
Statutory Reserve		290,860			290,860
Accumulated other comprehensive loss		(180,534	)		(109,247	)
Accumulated deficit		(517,879	)		(340,910	)
Total Company shareholders’ equity		1,368,398			1,616,654

Noncontrolling interest		73,915			86,017
Total equity		1,442,313			1,702,671
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND EQUITY	$	8,181,227		$	7,878,429

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

F-38

Table of Contents

BAIYA INTERNATIONAL GROUP INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSS
(Expressed in U.S. Dollars, except for the number of shares)
(Unaudited)

	For the six months ended June 30,
	2023			2022
Net revenues	$	4,695,710		$	6,762,844
Cost of revenues		4,393,786			6,254,231
Gross profit		301,924			508,613

Operating expenses
Selling expenses		86,021			142,473
General and administrative expenses		206,373			600,230
Research and development expenses		181,709			160,391
Total operating expenses		474,103			903,094
Loss from operations		(172,179	)		(394,481	)

Other income (expenses)
Interest expense, net		(11,405	)		(6,227	)
Government subsidy income		10,993			32,694
Other expenses, net		—			(95	)
Other income (expenses), net		(412	)		26,372
Loss before income tax		(172,591	)		(368,109	)
Less: income tax expense		12,642			11,367
Net loss		(185,233	)		(379,476	)
Less: net loss attributable to non-controlling interests		(8,264	)		(18,974	)
Net loss attributable to Baiya International Group Inc.	$	(176,969	)	$	(360,502	)

Comprehensive income
Net loss	$	(185,233	)	$	(379,476	)
Other comprehensive loss
Foreign currency translation loss		(75,126	)		(144,954	)
Total other comprehensive loss		(75,126	)		(144,954	)
Total comprehensive loss		(260,359	)		(524,430	)
Less: comprehensive loss attributable to non-controlling interests		(12,102	)		(26,221	)
Comprehensive (loss) attributable to Baiya International Group Inc.	$	(248,257	)	$	(498,209	)

Loss per common share
Basic and diluted*	$	(0.02	)	$	(0.04	)

Weighted average number of common shares outstanding
Basic and diluted*		10,000,000			10,000,000

____________

* Retrospectively restated for effect of share reorganization (see Note 10)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

F-39

Table of Contents

BAIYA INTERNATIONAL GROUP INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
(Expressed in U.S. Dollars, except for the number of shares)
(Unaudited)

	Preferred shares			Common shares			Additional paid-in capital		Subscription receivable			Statutory reserve		Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)			Retained earnings (accumulated deficit)			Total Baiya’s shareholders’ equity			Non-controlling interests			Total equity
	Shares	Amount		Shares	Amount		Additional paid-in capital		Subscription receivable			Statutory reserve		Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)			Retained earnings (accumulated deficit)			Total Baiya’s shareholders’ equity			Non-controlling interests			Total equity
Balance at January 1, 2023	—	$	—	10,000,000	$	1,000	$	1,775,941	$	(990	)	$	290,860	$	(109,247	)	$	(340,910	)	$	1,616,654		$	86,017		$	1,702,671
Net loss	—		—	—		—		—		—			—		—			(176,969	)		(176,969	)		(8,264	)		(185,233	)
Foreign currency translation adjustment	—		—	—		—		—		—			—		(71,287	)		—			(71,287	)		(3,838	)		(75,125	)
Balance at June 30, 2023	—	$	—	10,000,000	$	1,000	$	1,775,941	$	(990	)	$	290,860	$	(180,534	)	$	(517,879	)	$	1,368,398		$	73,915		$	1,442,313
Balance at January 1, 2022	—	$	—	10,000,000	$	1,000	$	1,775,941	$	(990	)	$	258,944	$	94,092		$	955,109		$	3,084,096		$	162,320		$	3,246,416
Net loss	—		—	—		—		—		—			—		—			(360,502	)		(360,502	)		(18,974	)		(379,476	)
Foreign currency translation adjustment	—		—	—		—		—		—			—		(137,707	)		—			(137,707)			(7,247)			(144,954)
Balance at June 30, 2022	—	$	—	10,000,000	$	1,000	$	1,775,941	$	(990	)	$	258,944	$	(43,615	)	$	594,607		$	2,585,887		$	136,099		$	2,721,986

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

F-40

Table of Contents

BAIYA INTERNATIONAL GROUP INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(Expressed in U.S. Dollars, except for the number of shares)
(Unaudited)

	For the six months ended June 30,
	2023			2022
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES
Net loss	$	(185,233	)	$	(379,476	)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation expense		408			1,579
Provision for doubtful accounts		—			11,160
Amortization of operating lease right-of-use assets		171,081			94,078
Change in deferred tax		5,945			2,930

Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable, net		(291,246	)		483,119
Advance to suppliers, net		(115,593	)		(23,214	)
Due from related parties		57,671			(956,449	)
Prepaid expense and other current assets		(301,184	)		(135,119	)
Accounts payable		606,620			96,744
Advance from customers		—			283
Accrued liabilities and other payables		(74,002	)		58,644
Taxes payable		1,037			(95,031	)
Due to related parties		136,160			53,022
Lease liability		(98,344	)		(20,240	)
Net cash used in operating activities		(86,680	)		(807,970	)

CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES
Proceeds from loans		1,286,943			1,697,300
Repayments to loans		(1,073,280	)		(797,033	)
Net cash provided by financing activities		213,663			900,267

EFFECT OF EXCHANGE RATE CHANGES ON CASH		(123,194	)		(9,505	)

NET INCREASE IN CASH		3,789			82,792
CASH, BEGINNING OF PERIOD		2,404,170			134,488
CASH, END OF PERIOD	$	2,407,959		$	217,280

Supplemental disclosure information:
Cash paid for income tax	$	—		$	56,165
Cash paid for interest	$	31,162		$	21,945

Supplemental disclosure of non-cash operating activity:
Right of use assets obtained in exchange for operating lease liability	$	39,877		$	—

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

F-41

Table of Contents

BAIYA INTERNATIONAL GROUP INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(UNAUDITED)

1. Organization and Description of Business

Ruifeng BVI owns 100% of Juxing Investment Group (Hong Kong) Limited (“Juxing HK”), a limited liability company formed in Hong Kong on November 3, 2021.

On December 9, 2021, Shenzhen Pengze Future Technology Co., Ltd. (“Pengze WFOE”) was incorporated pursuant to PRC mainland China laws as a wholly foreign owned enterprise of Juxing HK.

Ruifeng BVI, Juxing HK, and Pengze WFOE are currently not engaging in any active business operations and merely acting as holding companies.

Reorganization

F-42

Table of Contents

BAIYA INTERNATIONAL GROUP INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(UNAUDITED)

1. Organization and Description of Business (cont.)

As of June 30, 2023, the consolidated financial statements of the Company include the following entities:

Name of entities	Place and date of incorporation	% of ownership
Name of entities	Place and date of incorporation	Direct	Indirect	Principal activities
Parent company
Baiya	Cayman Island/ October 18, 2021	Parent		Investment holding
Wholly owned subsidiaries of Baiya
Ruifeng BVI	BVI/October 25, 2021	100%		Investment holding
Juxing HK	PRC — Hong Kong/ November 3, 2021	100%		Investment holding
Pengze WFOE	PRC — Mainland China/December 9, 2021	100%		Consultancy and management support
VIE
Shenzhen Gongwuyuan Network Technology Co., Ltd. (“Gongwuyuan”)	PRC — Mainland China/October 23, 2017		VIE	Human resource management consulting, labor outsourcing service, staffing and placement service, research, and development of Apps
VIE’s Subsidiaries
Beijing Gongwuyuan Network Technology Co., Ltd.	PRC — Mainland China/September 28, 2021		100% owned by VIE	Internet technology development, information system consulting, software development
Dongguan Zhenggongfu Human Resources Co., Ltd.	PRC — Mainland China/March 28, 2018		100% owned by VIE since March 1, 2020	Human resource management consulting, labor outsourcing service, staffing and placement service
Dongguan Gongwuyuan Yifang Talent Service Co., Ltd.	PRC — Mainland China/December 27, 2018		100% owned by VIE	Human resource management consulting, labor outsourcing service, staffing and placement service
Ji’an Gongwuyuan Human Resource Service Co., Ltd.*	PRC — Mainland China/September 16, 2020		100% owned by VIE	Human resource management consulting, labor outsourcing service, staffing and placement service
Dongguan Gongwuyuan Business Service Co., Ltd.	PRC — Mainland China/March 26, 2019		100% owned by VIE	Marketing
Hunan Gongwuyuan Youchuang Human Resource Service Co., Ltd.	PRC — Mainland China/June 3, 2019		100% owned by VIE	Human resource management consulting, labor outsourcing service, staffing and placement service

F-43

Table of Contents

BAIYA INTERNATIONAL GROUP INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(UNAUDITED)

1. Organization and Description of Business (cont.)

Name of entities	Place and date of incorporation	% of ownership
Name of entities	Place and date of incorporation	Direct	Indirect	Principal activities
Nanchang Gongwuyuan Business Service Co., Ltd.	PRC — Mainland China/December 26, 2019		100% owned by VIE	Human resource management consulting, labor outsourcing service, staffing and placement service
Jiangxi Huizhong Human Resources Co., Ltd.	PRC — Mainland China/May 21, 2020		100% owned by VIE	Human resource management consulting, labor outsourcing service, staffing and placement service
Guangdong Mili Education Consulting Service Co., Ltd.	PRC — Mainland China/October 30, 2019		100% owned by VIE since July 20, 2020	Education consulting and marketing
Jiangxi Gongwuyuan Supply Chain Management Co., Ltd.	PRC — Mainland China/September 14, 2020		100% owned by VIE	Logistic and shipping
Jiangxi Gongwuyuan Talent Service Co., Ltd.	PRC — Mainland China/October 16, 2020		100% owned by VIE	Human resource management consulting, labor outsourcing service, staffing and placement service
Zhongshan Jushangyue Freight Forwarding Service Co., Ltd.	PRC — Mainland China/July 22, 2020		100% owned by VIE since September 17, 2020	Logistic and storage service
Jiujiang Gongwuyuan Yifang Education Consulting Service Co., Ltd.*	PRC — Mainland China/April 14, 2021		100% owned by VIE	Education consulting and human resource management service
Dongguan Fusheng Supply Chain Co., Ltd.*	PRC — Mainland China/June 1, 2021		100% owned by VIE	Logistic and shipping
Dongguan Chenwang Supply Chain Co., Ltd.*	PRC — Mainland China/May 31, 2021		100% owned by VIE	Logistic and shipping
Dongguan Jida Supply Chain Co., Ltd.*	PRC — Mainland China/June 1, 2021		100% owned by VIE	Logistic and shipping
Shenzhen Aliyuncang Logistics Warehousing Co., Ltd.	PRC — Mainland China/April 11, 2017		100% owned by VIE since June 24, 2021	Internet information technology development and supply chain management

____________

* Company had no operations or very minimal operations with no revenues as of June 30, 2023.

F-44

Table of Contents

BAIYA INTERNATIONAL GROUP INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(UNAUDITED)

1. Organization and Description of Business (cont.)

The Contractual Arrangements

WFOE Pengze is deemed to have a controlling financial interest in and be the primary beneficiary of the PRC operating entities because it has both of the following characteristics:

• The power to direct activities of the PRC operating entities that most significantly impact such entities’ economic performance, and

• The obligation to absorb losses of, and the right to receive benefits from, the PRC operating entities that could potentially be significant to such entities.

The following is a brief description of the Contractual Arrangements entered into on December 29, 2021, between Pengze WFOE, Gongwuyuan, and certain shareholders of Gongwuyuan:

Business Operation Agreement

Powers of Attorney

Exclusive Consulting and Service Agreement

(a) Research and development services of business-related software;

(b) Providing business-related technical services, applications, and execution, including but not limited to design, installation, and testing of all systems;

F-45

Table of Contents

BAIYA INTERNATIONAL GROUP INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(UNAUDITED)

1. Organization and Description of Business (cont.)

(c) Providing daily maintenance support, upgrade, maintenance, monitoring, and troubleshooting of computer network equipment and other technical services;

(d) Pre-job, on-the-job, and technical training services for personnel;

(e) Technology development and transfer services;

(f) Public relations services;

(g) Market research and consulting services (excluding market research services that are prohibited by the laws of the People’s Republic of China for foreign-invested enterprises);

(h) Services for the formulation of medium and short-term market development and market plans;

(i) Consulting services related to business compliance;

(j) Organization and planning services related to marketing and customer activities;

(k) Intellectual property licenses;

(l) Equipment provision and rental; and

(m) Management consulting services and other business and technical consulting services related to business operation.

The exclusive consulting and service agreement shall remain effective for ten (10) years from the effective date unless terminated by mutual agreement between the Pengze WFOE and Gongwuyuan. or unilaterally terminated by the Pengze WFOE in advance. Upon request by the Pengze WFOE, the parties shall extend the term of the exclusive consulting and service agreement by entering into a new exclusive consulting and service agreement or continue performing the existing exclusive consulting and service agreement. The Exclusive Consulting and Service Agreement between Pengze WFOE and Gongwuyuan was supplemented on December 21, 2022 to clarify that no consulting service fees pertaining to the agreement need to be paid for the period December 29, 2021 to December 31, 2021. The Parent, Subsidiaries and WFOE has the share of loss from VIE and VIE’s subsidiaries during the six months ended June 30, 2023 and the equity in VIE and VIE’s subsidiaries as of June 30, 2023.

Equity Disposal Agreement

F-46

Table of Contents

BAIYA INTERNATIONAL GROUP INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(UNAUDITED)

1. Organization and Description of Business (cont.)

Equity Pledge Agreement

Agency Agreement

F-47