Exhibit 99.2
EARLYWORKS CO., LTD.
INDEX TO UNAUDITED INTERIM CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
TABLE OF CONTENTS
F-1
EARLYWORKS CO., LTD.
UNAUDITED INTERIM CONDENSED BALANCE SHEETS
| As of April 30, 2023 | As of October 31, 2023 | As of October 31, 2023 | ||||||||||
| JPY | JPY | USD | ||||||||||
| (Unaudited) | (Unaudited) | |||||||||||
| ASSETS | ||||||||||||
| CURRENT ASSETS | ||||||||||||
| Cash | ||||||||||||
| Digital assets | ||||||||||||
| Accounts receivable, net | ||||||||||||
| Prepayments | ||||||||||||
| Short-term deposits | ||||||||||||
| Income tax receivable | ||||||||||||
| Other current assets, net | ||||||||||||
| TOTAL CURRENT ASSETS | ||||||||||||
| Property and equipment, net | ||||||||||||
| Operating lease right-of-use assets | ||||||||||||
| Deferred initial public offering (“IPO”) costs | ||||||||||||
| Long-term deposits | ||||||||||||
| TOTAL ASSETS | ||||||||||||
| LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY | ||||||||||||
| CURRENT LIABILITIES: | ||||||||||||
| Bank loans – current portion, net | ||||||||||||
| Other payables and accrued liabilities | ||||||||||||
| Operating lease liabilities, current | ||||||||||||
| Income taxes payable | ||||||||||||
| Contract liabilities | ||||||||||||
| TOTAL CURRENT LIABILITIES | ||||||||||||
| Bank loans – non-current, net | ||||||||||||
| Operating lease liabilities, non-current | ||||||||||||
| Deferred tax liabilities – non-current | ||||||||||||
| TOTAL LIABILITIES | ||||||||||||
| COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES | ||||||||||||
| SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY: | ||||||||||||
| Ordinary shares, | ||||||||||||
| Additional paid-in capital | ||||||||||||
| Accumulated deficit | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||
| TOTAL SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY | ||||||||||||
| TOTAL LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY | ||||||||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited interim condensed financial statements.
F-2
EARLYWORKS CO., LTD.
UNAUDITED INTERIM CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
| For the six months ended October 31, 2022 | For the six months ended October 31, 2023 | For the six months ended October 31, 2023 | ||||||||||
| JPY | JPY | USD | ||||||||||
| OPERATING REVENUES | ||||||||||||
| Software and system development services | ||||||||||||
| Consulting and solution services | ||||||||||||
| Sale of NFTs | ||||||||||||
| TOTAL OPERATING REVENUES | ||||||||||||
| COST OF REVENUES | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||
| GROSS PROFIT | ||||||||||||
| OPERATING EXPENSES: | ||||||||||||
| Selling and marketing expenses | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||
| General and administrative expenses | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||
| Share-based compensation expenses | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||
| Research and development expenses | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||
| TOTAL OPERATING EXPENSES | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||
| LOSS FROM OPERATIONS | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||
| Loss on digital assets | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||
| Interest expenses, net | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||
| Foreign exchange gain, net | ||||||||||||
| Other (expense) income, net | ( | ) | ||||||||||
| LOSS BEFORE INCOME TAXES | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||
| Provision for income (tax) benefit | ||||||||||||
| Current | ( | ) | ||||||||||
| Deferred | ( | ) | ||||||||||
| Total provision for income (tax) benefit | ( | ) | ||||||||||
| NET LOSS | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||
| LOSS PER SHARE | ||||||||||||
| Basic | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||
| Diluted | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||
| WEIGHTED AVERAGE COMMON SHARES OUTSTANDING* | ||||||||||||
| Basic | ||||||||||||
| Diluted | ||||||||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited interim condensed financial statements.
F-3
EARLYWORKS CO., LTD.
UNAUDITED INTERIM CONDNSED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
| Ordinary shares | Additional Paid-in | Accumulated | Total Shareholders’ | Total Shareholders’ | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Share | Amount | Capital | Deficit | Equity | Equity | |||||||||||||||||||
| JPY | JPY | JPY | JPY | USD | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, April 30, 2022 | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Capital reduction to cover deficit | — | ( | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss | — | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | |||||||||||||||||
| Balance, October 31, 2022 | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ordinary shares | Additional Paid-in | Accumulated | Total Shareholders’ | Total Shareholders’ | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Share | Amount | Capital | Deficit | Equity | Equity | |||||||||||||||||||
| JPY | JPY | JPY | JPY | USD | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, April 30, 2023 | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of ordinary shares for cash | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss | — | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | |||||||||||||||||
| Share based compensation | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, October 31, 2023 | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited interim condensed financial statements.
F-4
EARLYWORKS CO., LTD.
UNAUDITED INTERIM CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
| For the six months ended October 31, 2022 | For the six months ended October 31, 2023 | For the six months ended October 31, 2023 | ||||||||||
| JPY | JPY | USD | ||||||||||
| CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES: | ||||||||||||
| Net loss | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||
| Adjustment to reconcile net loss to net cash generated from operating activities: | ||||||||||||
| Depreciation expense | ||||||||||||
| Loan origination fee | ||||||||||||
| Deferred tax expense | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||
| Foreign currency exchange gain | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||
| Loss on digital assets | ||||||||||||
| Share-based compensation expense | ||||||||||||
| Changes in assets and liabilities | ||||||||||||
| Accounts receivable | ||||||||||||
| Prepayments | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||
| Short-term deposits | ( | ) | ||||||||||
| Digital assets | ||||||||||||
| Other current assets, net | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||
| Long-term deposits | ( | ) | ||||||||||
| Income taxes, net | ( | ) | ||||||||||
| Contract liabilities | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||
| Other payables and accrued liabilities | ( | ) | ||||||||||
| Lease obligations net cash | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||
| NET CASH USED IN OPERATING ACTIVITIES | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||
| CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES: | ||||||||||||
| Purchases of property and equipment | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||
| NET CASH USED IN INVESTING ACTIVITIES | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||
| CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES: | ||||||||||||
| Issuance of ordinary shares for cash | ||||||||||||
| Proceeds from loans | ||||||||||||
| Repayment of loans | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||
| Payments on initial public offering (“IPO”) costs | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||
| NET CASH PROVIDED BY FINANCING ACTIVITIES | ||||||||||||
| EFFECT OF EXCHANGE RATE | ||||||||||||
| CHANGE IN CASH | ( | ) | ||||||||||
| CASH, AT BEGINNING OF PERIOD | ||||||||||||
| CASH, AT PERIOD END | ||||||||||||
| SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURE OF CASH FLOW INFORMATION: | ||||||||||||
| Cash paid (refunded) for: | ||||||||||||
| Interest | ||||||||||||
| Income taxes | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||
| NON-CASH INVESTING AND FINANCING ACTIVITIES: | ||||||||||||
| Operating lease right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for operating lease liabilities | ||||||||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited interim condensed financial statements.
F-5
EARLYWORKS CO., LTD.
NOTES TO UNAUDITED INTERIM CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Note 1 – Nature of business and organization
Earlyworks Co., Ltd. (the “Company”) is a stock company incorporated in Japan pursuant to the laws of Japan on May 1, 2018. The Company builds products, delivers services, and develops solutions based on its proprietary Grid Ledger System to leverage blockchain technology in various business settings, including advertisement tracking, online visitor management, and sales of non-fungible tokens. The Company primarily generates revenue from software and system development services, consulting and solution services, and sale of NFTs.
Note 2 – Liquidity and going concern
In accordance with Accounting Standards Update
(“ASU”) 2014-15, Disclosure of Uncertainties about an Entity’s Ability to Continue as a Going Concern (Subtopic 205-40),
the Company has evaluated whether there are conditions and events, considered in the aggregate, that raise substantial doubt about the
Company’s ability to continue as a going concern within
The Company’s accounts have been prepared assuming that the company will continue as a going concern basis. The going concern basis assumes that assets are realized and liabilities are extinguished in the ordinary course of business at amounts disclosed in the financial statements. The Company’s ability to continue as a going concern depends upon aligning its sources of funding (debt and equity) with the expenditure requirements of the Company and repayment of the short-term debt facilities as and when they fall due.
The Company has considered whether there is a
substantial doubt about its ability to continue as a going concern. Cash flow from operations and capital contributions and loans from
shareholders have been utilized to finance the working capital requirements of the Company. For the six months ended October 31, 2023,
the Company has negative cash flow from operating activities of JPY
To sustain its ability to support the Company’s operating activities, the Company considered supplementing its sources of funding through the following:
The Company closed its initial public offering
on July 27, 2023 and received aggregate gross proceeds of $
Management has commenced a strategy to raise debt and equity. However, there can be no certainty that these additional financings will be available on acceptable terms or at all. If management is unable to execute this plan, there would likely be a material adverse effect on the Company’s business. All of these factors raise substantial doubt about the ability of the Company to continue as a going concern. The financial statements for the six months ended October 31, 2022 and 2023, and for the year ended April 30, 2023 have been prepared on a going concern basis and do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty. Accordingly, the financial statements have been prepared on a basis that assumes the Company will continue as a going concern and which contemplates the realization of assets and satisfaction of liabilities and commitments in the ordinary course of business.
F-6
Note 3 – Summary of significant accounting policies
Basis of presentation
The unaudited interim condensed financial statements do not include all the information and footnotes required by the U.S. GAAP for complete financial statements. Certain information and note disclosures normally included in the annual financial statements prepared in accordance with the U.S. GAAP have been condensed or omitted consistent with Article 10 of Regulation S-X. In the opinion of the Company’s management, the unaudited interim condensed financial statements have been prepared on the same basis as the audited financial statements and include all adjustments, in normal recurring nature, as necessary for the fair statement of the Company’s financial position as of October 31, 2023, and results of operations and cash flows for the six-month periods ended October 31, 2022 and 2023. The unaudited interim condensed balance sheets as of October 31, 2023 have been derived from the audited financial statements at that date but do not include all the information and footnotes required by the U.S. GAAP. Interim results of operations are not necessarily indicative of the results expected for the full fiscal year or for any future period. These financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited financial statements as of and for the years ended April 30, 2022 and 2023, and related notes included in the Company’s audited financial statements.
Use of estimates and assumptions
The preparation of unaudited interim condensed financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the balance sheet date and revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. Significant accounting estimates reflected in the Company’s unaudited interim condensed financial statements include, but not limited to, estimates for useful lives and impairment of property and equipment, impairment of long-lived assets, allowance for credit losses, revenue recognition, and deferred taxes. Changes in facts and circumstances may result in revised estimates. Actual results could differ from those estimates, and as such, differences may be material to the unaudited interim condensed financial statements.
Foreign currency translation and transaction
The Company uses Japanese yen (“JPY”) as its reporting currency. The functional currency of the Company which is incorporated in Japan is JPY, which is its respective local currency based on the criteria of ASC 830, “Foreign Currency Matters”.
Foreign currency transactions denominated in currencies other than the functional currency are translated into the functional currency using the exchange rates prevailing at the dates of the transactions. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are translated into the functional currency using the applicable exchange rates at the balance sheet dates. Net gains and losses resulting from foreign exchange transactions are included in foreign exchange gain, net on the statements of operations.
Convenience Translation
Translations of balances in the balance sheets,
statements of operations, statements of changes in shareholders’ equity and statements of cash flows from JPY into USD as of October
31, 2023 are solely for the convenience of the readers and are calculated at the rate of USD
Reclassifications
Certain reclassifications to previously reported financial information have been made to conform to the current period presentation.
Cash
Cash includes currency on hand and deposits held
by banks that can be added or withdrawn without limitation. The Company maintains its bank accounts in Japan and the United States. Cash
balances in bank accounts in Japan are insured by the Deposit Insurance Corporation of Japan subject to certain limitations. Cash balances
in bank accounts in the United States are insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation up to $
F-7
Digital assets
Digital assets such as Ethereum, Binance Coin and Polygon are included in current assets in the balance sheets as an indefinite live intangible asset. Digital assets are initially recognized based on the fair value of the digital assets on the date of receipt. The Company recognized realized gains or losses when digital assets are sold for other digital assets, or for cash consideration using a first-in first-out method of accounting and the Company accounts for received and disbursements as cash flows from operating activities.
An intangible asset with an indefinite useful life is not amortized but assessed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances occur indicating that it is more likely than not that the indefinite-life asset is impaired. Impairment exists when the carrying amount exceeds its fair value, which is measured using the quoted price of the digital assets in the principal market at the time its fair value is being measured, and the Company recognized an impairment loss in an amount equal to that excess. The Company monitors and evaluates the quality and relevance of the available information, such as pricing information from the asset’s principal (or most advantageous) market or from other digital asset exchanges or markets, to determine whether such information is indicative of a potential impairment. The Company recognizes an impairment loss at any time the fair value of the digital asset is below its carrying value. To the extent an impairment loss is recognized, the loss establishes the new cost basis of the asset. Subsequent reversal of impairment losses is not permitted.
Accounts receivable include trade accounts due from clients. Accounts are considered overdue after 90 days. Management reviews its receivables on a regular basis to determine if the allowance for credit losses is adequate and provides allowance when necessary. The Company considers various factors in establishing, monitoring, and adjusting its allowance for credit losses including the aging of receivables and aging trends, customer creditworthiness and specific exposures related to particular customers. The Company also monitors other risk factors and forward-looking information, such as country specific risks and economic factors that may affect a customer’s ability to pay in establishing and adjusting its allowance for credit losses. Account balances are charged off against the allowance after all means of collection have been exhausted and the likelihood of collection is not probable. As of April 30, 2023 and October 31, 2023, the Company made and allowance for expected credit losses for accounts receivable, respectively.
Prepayments
Prepayments are mainly payments made to vendors or services providers for future services that have not been provided. These amounts are refundable and bear no interest. Management reviews its prepayments on a regular basis to determine if the allowance is adequate and adjusts the allowance when necessary. As of April 30, 2023 and October 31, 2023, no allowance was deemed necessary.
Deferred initial public offering (“IPO”) costs
Pursuant to ASC 340-10-S99-1, IPO costs directly
attributable to an offering of equity securities were deferred and charged against the gross proceeds of the offering as a reduction of
additional paid-in capital upon completion of the IPO. These costs included legal fees, consulting fees, underwriting fees, the SEC filing
and printing expenses related to the IPO. On July 27, 2023, the Company closed its IPO and gross proceeds of JPY
F-8
Short-term deposits and long-term deposits
Short-term deposits and long-term deposits are mainly for rent and money deposited with certain service providers. These amounts are refundable and bear no interest. The short-term deposits usually have one year term and are refundable upon contract termination. The long-term deposits are refunded from service providers when term and conditions set forth in the agreements have been satisfied.
Other current assets, net
Other current assets, net, primarily consists of other receivables from third parties. These other receivables are unsecured and are reviewed periodically to determine whether their carrying value has become impaired.
Property and equipment, net
| Leasehold improvements | lesser of lease term or expected useful life | |
| Office furniture and fixtures |
The cost and related accumulated depreciation of assets sold or otherwise retired are eliminated from the accounts and any gain or loss is included in the statements of operations. Expenditures for maintenance and repairs are charged to earnings as incurred, while additions, renewals and betterments, which are expected to extend the useful life of assets, are capitalized.
Impairment for long-lived assets
Long-lived assets, including property and equipment and intangible assets with finite lives are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances (such as a significant adverse change to market conditions that will impact the future use of the assets) indicate that the carrying value of an asset may not be recoverable. We assess the recoverability of the assets based on the undiscounted future cash flows the assets are expected to generate and recognize an impairment loss when estimated undiscounted future cash flows expected to result from the use of the asset plus net proceeds expected from disposition of the asset, if any, are less than the carrying value of the asset. If an impairment is identified, we would reduce the carrying amount of the asset to its estimated fair value based on a discounted cash flows approach or, when available and appropriate, to comparable market values. For the six months ended October 31, 2022 and 2023, no impairment of long-lived assets was recognized.
Fair value of financial instruments
Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. A three-level fair value hierarchy prioritizes the inputs used to measure fair value. The hierarchy requires entities to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. The three levels of inputs used to measure fair value are as follows:
| ● | Level 1 – inputs to the valuation methodology are quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets. |
| ● | Level 2 – inputs to the valuation methodology include quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, quoted market prices for identical or similar assets in markets that are not active, inputs other than quoted prices that are observable, and inputs derived from or corroborated by observable market data. |
| ● | Level 3 – inputs to the valuation methodology are unobservable. |
Unless otherwise disclosed, the fair value of the Company’s financial instruments, including cash, accounts receivable, prepayments, short-term deposits, income tax receivable and other current assets, current portion of long-term bank loans, other payables and accrued liabilities, and current operating lease liabilities, approximate the fair value of the respective assets and liabilities as of April 30, 2023 and October 31, 2023 based upon the short-term nature of the assets and liabilities.
F-9
Revenue recognition
The Company recognizes revenue as it satisfies a performance obligation when its client obtains control of promised services, in an amount that reflects the consideration that the entity expects to receive in exchange for those services. To determine revenue recognition for arrangements that an entity determines are within the scope of ASC Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASC 606”), the entity performs the following five steps: (i) identify the contract(s) with a customer; (ii) identify the performance obligations in the contract; (iii) determine the transaction price, including variable consideration, if any; (iv) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and (v) recognize revenue when (or as) the entity satisfies a performance obligation. The Company only applies the five-step model to contracts when it is probable that the entity will collect the consideration to which it is entitled in exchange for the services it transfers to the client.
The Company applied practical expedient when sales taxes were collected from clients, meaning sales tax is recorded net of revenue, instead of cost of revenue, which are subsequently remitted to governmental authorities and are excluded from the transaction price. The Company does not offer rights of refund of previously paid or delivered amounts, rebates, rights of return or price protection. In all instances, the Company limits the amount of revenue recognized to the amounts for which it has the right to bill its’ clients.
The Company is a principal and records revenue on a gross basis when the Company is primarily responsible for fulfilling the service, has discretion in establishing pricing and controls the promised service before transferring that service to clients. Otherwise, the Company is an agent and records revenue on a net basis.
The Company derives its revenues from three sources: (1) revenue from software and system development services, (2) revenue from consulting and solution services, and (3) sale of NFTs. All of the Company’s contracts with clients do not contain cancellable and refund-type provisions.
(1) Software and system development services
The contract is typically fixed priced and does not provide any post contract client support or upgrades. The Company designs software and system based on clients’ specific needs which require the Company to perform services including design, development, and integration. These services also require significant customization. Upon delivery of the services, client acceptance is generally required. The Company assesses that software and system development services is considered as one performance obligation as the clients do not obtain benefit for each separate service. The duration of the development period is short, usually less than one year.
The Company’s software and system development service revenue is generated primarily from contracts with medium and large-sized enterprises. The contracts contain negotiated billing terms which generally include multiple payment phases throughout the contract term and a portion of contract amount usually is billed upon the completion of the related projects. Pursuant to the contract terms, the Company has enforceable right on payments for the work performed.
The Company’s revenue from software and system development contracts is generally recognized over time as the Company’s performance creates or enhances the project controlled by the clients and the control is transferred continuously to the Company’s clients. The Company uses an input method based on cost incurred as the Company believes that this method most accurately reflects the Company’s progress toward satisfaction of the performance obligation, which usually takes less than one year. Under this method, the Company could appropriately measure the fulfillment of a performance obligation. Assumptions, risks and uncertainties inherent in the estimates used to measure progress could affect the amount of revenues, receivables and deferred revenues at each reporting period.
Incurred costs include all direct material, labor and subcontract costs, and those indirect costs related to application development performance, such as indirect labor, supplies, and tools. Cost-based input method requires the Company to make estimates of revenues and costs to complete the service. In making such estimates, significant judgment is required to evaluate assumptions related to the costs to complete the application development, including materials, labor, and other system costs. The Company’s estimates are based upon the professional knowledge and experience of the Company’s engineers and project managers to assess the contract’s schedule, performance, and technical matters. The Company has adequate cost history and estimating experience, and with respect to which management believes it can reasonably estimate total development costs. If the estimated costs are greater than the related revenues, the Company recognizes the entire estimated loss in the period the loss becomes known and can be reasonably estimated. Changes in estimates for software development services include but are not limited to cost forecast changes and change orders. The cumulative effect of changes in estimates is recorded in the period in which the revisions to estimates are identified and the amounts can be reasonably estimated. To date, the Company has not incurred a material loss on any contracts. However, as a policy, provisions for estimated losses on such engagements will be made during the period in which a loss becomes probable and can be reasonably estimated. If contract modifications result in additional goods or services that are distinct from those transferred before the modification, they are accounted for prospectively as if the Company entered into a new contract. If the goods or services in the modification are not distinct from those in the original contract, sales and gross profit are adjusted using the cumulative catch-up method for revisions in estimated total contract costs and contract values.
F-10
(2) Consulting and solution services
Revenue from consulting and solution services is primarily comprised of fixed-fee contracts, which require the Company to provide professional consulting and solution services over contract terms beginning on the commencement date of each contract, which is the date its service is made available to clients. Billings to the clients are generally on a monthly or quarterly basis over the contract term, which is typically 1 to 12 months. The consulting and solution services contracts typically include a single performance obligation. The revenue from consulting and solution services is recognized over the contract term as clients receive and consume benefits of such services as provided.
Revenue includes reimbursements of travel and out-of-pocket expense, with equivalent amounts of expense recorded in cost of revenue.
(3) Sale of NFTs
The Company engages in sale of NFTs, or non-fungible tokens. NFTs are assets that have been tokenized via a blockchain and are assigned unique identification codes and metadata that distinguish them from other tokens. The Company typically enters into contracts with its customers where the rights of the parties, including payment terms, are identified and sales prices to the customers are fixed with no separate sales rebate, discount, or other incentive and no right of return exists on sales of NFTs. The Company’s performance obligation is to deliver products according to contract specifications. The Company recognizes product revenue at a time when the control of products is transferred to customers.
Contract liabilities
Contract liabilities are recorded when consideration
is received from a customer prior to transferring the services to the customer or other conditions under the terms of a sales contract.
As of April 30, 2023 and October 31, 2023, the Company recorded contract liabilities of JPY
Operating leases
The Company determines if an arrangement is a lease at inception. Leases are classified as operating or finance leases in accordance with the recognition criteria in ASC 842-20-25. The Company’s leases do not contain any material residual value guarantees or material restrictive covenants.
At the commencement date of a lease, the Company determines the classification of the lease based on the relevant factors present and records a right-of-use (“ROU”) asset and lease liability for operating lease. ROU assets acquired through lease represent the right to use an underlying asset for the lease term, and operating lease liabilities represent the obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. ROU assets and lease liabilities are calculated as the present value of the lease payments not yet paid. If the rate implicit in the Company’s leases is not readily available, the Company uses an incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at the lease commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments. This incremental borrowing rate reflects the fixed rate at which the Company could borrow on a collateralized basis the amount of the lease payments in the same currency, for a similar term, in a similar economic environment. ROU assets include any lease prepayments and are reduced by lease incentives. Operating lease expense for lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Lease terms are based on the non-cancellable term of the lease.
Leases with an initial lease term of 12 months or less are not recorded on the balance sheets. Lease expense for these leases is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.
Cost of revenues
Cost of revenues mainly consist of salaries and benefits of our staff and outsourced staff, and related expenses including telecommunication cost and rental costs.
Selling and marketing expenses
Selling and marketing expenses mainly consist of payroll, promotion expenses, and related expenses for personnel engaged in selling and marketing activities.
F-11
Advertising expenses
Advertising costs are expensed as incurred and
included in selling, general, and administrative expenses in the statements of operations. Advertising expenses amounted to JPY
Research and development expenses
Research and development costs are expensed as incurred. These costs primarily consist of payroll, outsourced development cost, and related expenses for personnel engaged in research and development activities.
Income taxes
The Company accounts for current income taxes in accordance with the laws of the relevant tax authorities. Deferred income taxes are recognized when temporary differences exist between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their reported amounts in the financial statements. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period including the enactment date. Valuation allowances are established, when necessary, to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount expected to be realized.
Earnings (Loss) per share
Basic earnings (loss) per share is computed by dividing net income attributable to the holders of ordinary shares by the weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding during the period presented. Diluted income per share is calculated by dividing net income attributable to the holders of ordinary shares as adjusted for the effect of dilutive ordinary share equivalents, if any, by the weighted average number of ordinary shares and dilutive ordinary share equivalents outstanding during the period. However, ordinary share equivalents are not included in the denominator of the diluted earnings per share calculation when inclusion of such shares would be anti-dilutive, such as in a period in which a net loss is recorded.
F-12
Share-based compensation
The Company applies ASC 718, Compensation – Stock Compensation (“ASC 718”), to account for its employee share-based payments. In accordance with ASC 718, the Company determines whether an award should be classified and accounted for as a liability award or equity award. All the Company’s share-based awards to employees were classified as equity awards and are recognized in the financial statements based on their grant date fair values. In accordance with ASC 718, the Company recognizes share-based compensation cost for equity awards to employees with a performance condition based on the probable outcome of that performance condition. Compensation cost is recognized using the accelerated method if it is probable that the performance condition will be achieved. The Company accounts for forfeitures as they occur in accordance with ASU No. 2016-09, Compensation-Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvement to Employee Share-based Payment Accounting.
Segment reporting
ASC 280, “Segment Reporting”, establishes standards for reporting information about operating segments on a basis consistent with the Company’s internal organizational structure as well as information about geographical areas, business segments and major clients in financial statements for detailing the Company’s business segments. Based on the criteria established by ASC 280, the Company’s chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) has been identified as the Chief Executive Officer, who reviews results when making decisions about allocating resources and assessing performance of the Company. As a whole and hence, the Company has only one reportable segment. The Company does not distinguish between markets or segments for the purpose of internal reporting. As the Company’s long-lived assets are substantially located in Japan, no geographical segments are presented.
Related party transactions
A related party is generally defined as (i) any person and or their immediate family who hold 10% or more of the company’s securities (ii) the Company’s management, (iii) someone that directly or indirectly controls, is controlled by or is under common control with the Company, or (iv) anyone who can significantly influence the financial and operating decisions of the Company. A transaction is considered to be a related party transaction when there is a transfer of resources or obligations between related parties. Related parties may be individuals or corporate entities.
Transactions involving related parties cannot be presumed to be carried out on an arm’s-length basis, as the requisite conditions of competitive, free market dealings may not exist. Representations about transactions with related parties, if made, shall not imply that the related party transactions were consummated on terms equivalent to those that prevail in arm’s-length transactions unless such representations can be substantiated. It is not, however, practical to determine the fair value of amounts due from/to related parties due to their related party nature.
Commitments and Contingencies
In the normal course of business, the Company is subject to contingencies, including legal proceedings and claims arising out of the business that relate to a wide range of matters, such as government investigations and tax matters. The Company recognizes a liability for such contingency if it determines it is probable that a loss has occurred and a reasonable estimate of the loss can be made. The Company may consider many factors in making these assessments including historical performance and the specific facts and circumstances of each matter.
F-13
Risks and uncertainties
Political and economic risk
All of the Company’s assets were located in Japan and all of the Company’s revenue was generated in Japan. Accordingly, the Company’s business, financial condition, and results of operations may be influenced by political, economic, and legal environments in Japan, as well as by the general state of Japan economy. The Company’s results may be adversely affected by changes in the political, regulatory, and social conditions in Japan. Although the Company has not experienced losses from these situations and believes that it is in compliance with existing laws and regulations, including its organization and structure disclosed in Note 1, such experience may not be indicative of future results.
Credit risk
As of April 30, 2023 and October 31, 2023, JPY
Accounts receivables are typically unsecured and derived from revenue earned from customers, thereby exposed to credit risks. The risk is mitigated by the Company’s assessment of its customers’ creditworthiness and its ongoing monitoring of outstanding balances.
Concentration of credit risk
Financial instruments that potentially expose the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents and account receivable. The Company places its cash with financial institutions with high-credit ratings and quality.
Accounts receivable primarily comprise of amounts receivable from the service clients. To reduce credit risk, the Company performs on-going credit evaluations of the financial condition of these service clients. The Company establishes a provision for credit losses based upon estimates, factors surrounding the credit risk of specific service clients and other information.
Concentration of demand
As of April 30, 2023 and October 31, 2023, one
client accounted for
For the six months ended October 31, 2022, three
major clients accounted for
Concentration of supply
As of April 30, 2023, three vendors accounted
for
For the six months ended October 31, 2022, two
vendors accounted for
Foreign currency exchange risk
Our foreign currency exchange risk relates to bank accounts held in USD. Our results of operations and cash flow are exposed to changes in foreign currency exchange rates between JPY and USD and may be adversely affected in the future due to changes in foreign currency exchange rates.
To date, we have not engaged in hedging our foreign currency exchange risk. In the future, we may enter into formal currency hedging transactions to decrease the risk of financial exposure from fluctuations in the exchange rates. These measures, however, may not adequately protect us from the adverse effects of such fluctuations.
F-14
Recent accounting pronouncements
The Company considers the applicability and impact of all accounting standards updates (“ASUs”). Management periodically reviews new accounting standards that are issued. Under the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012, as amended (the “JOBS Act”), the Company meets the definition of an emerging growth company, or EGC, and has elected the extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards, which delays the adoption of these accounting standards until they would apply to private companies.
In June 2016, the FASB amended guidance related to the impairment of financial instruments as part of ASU2016-13 Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, which will be effective January 1, 2020. The guidance replaces the incurred loss impairment methodology with an expected credit loss model for which a company recognizes an allowance based on the estimate of expected credit loss. In November 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-19, Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses, which clarified that receivables from operating leases are not within the scope of Topic 326 and instead, impairment of receivables arising from operating leases should be accounted for in accordance with Topic 842. On May 15, 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-05, which provides transition relief for entities adopting the Board’s credit losses standard, ASU 2016-13. Specifically, ASU 2019-05 amends ASU 2016-13 to allow companies to irrevocably elect, upon adoption of ASU 2016-13, the fair value option for financial instruments that (1) were previously recorded at amortized cost and (2) are within the scope of the credit losses guidance in ASC 326-20, (3) are eligible for the fair value option under ASC 825-10, and (4) are not held-to-maturity debt securities. For entities that have adopted ASU 2016-13, the amendments in ASU 2019-05 are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods therein. An entity may early adopt the ASU in any interim period after its issuance if the entity has adopted ASU 2016-13. For all other entities, the effective date will be the same as the effective date of ASU 2016-13. In November 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-11, “Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses.” ASU 2019-11 is an accounting pronouncement that amends ASU 2016-13, “Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments.” The ASU 2019-11 amendment provides clarity and improves the codification to ASU 2016-03. The pronouncement would be effective concurrently with the adoption of ASU 2016-03. The pronouncement is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019 and interim periods within those fiscal years. In February 2020, the FASB issued ASU No. 2020-02, which provides clarifying guidance and minor updates to ASU No. 2016-13 – Financial Instruments – Credit Loss (Topic 326) (“ASU 2016-13”) and related to ASU No. 2016-02 – Leases (Topic 842). ASU 2020-02 amends the effective date of ASU 2016-13, such that ASU 2016-13 and its amendments will be effective for the Company for interim and annual periods in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022. The Company adopted this update on May 1, 2023. The adoption of this update had no material impact on the Company’s results of operations and financial position.
On December 18, 2019, the FASB issued ASU No. 2019-12, Income taxes (Topic 740), Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes. This guidance amends ASC Topic 740 and addresses several aspects including 1) evaluation of step-up tax basis of goodwill when there is not a business combination, 2) policy election to not allocate taxes on a separate entity basis to entities not subject to income tax, 3) accounting for tax law changes or rates during interim periods, 4) ownership changes from equity method investment to subsidiary or vice versa, 5) elimination of exception to intrapetrous allocation when there is gain in discontinued operations and a loss from continuing operations, and 6) treatment of franchise taxes that are partially based on income. The amendments in this Update are effective for the Company for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2021, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022. The Company adopted this update on May 1, 2022. The adoption of this update had no material impact on the Company’s results of operations and financial position.
In October 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-08, Codification Improvements to Subtopic 310-20, Receivables – Nonrefundable Fees and Other Costs. The amendments in this Update represent changes to clarify the Codification. The amendments make the Codification easier to understand and easier to apply by eliminating inconsistencies and providing clarifications. ASU 2020-08 is effective for the Company for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2021 and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022. All entities should apply the amendments in this Update on a prospective basis as of the beginning of the period of adoption for existing or newly purchased callable debt securities. These amendments do not change the effective dates for Update 2017-08. The Company adopted this update on May 1, 2022. The adoption of this update had no material impact on the Company’s results of operations and financial position.
F-15
In October 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-10, Codification Improvements. The amendments in this Update represent changes to clarify the Codification or correct unintended application of guidance that are not expected to have a significant effect on current accounting practice or create a significant administrative cost to most entities. The amendments in this Update affect a wide variety of Topics in the Codification and apply to all reporting entities within the scope of the affected accounting guidance. ASU 2020-10 is effective for the Company for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2021 and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022. The amendments in this Update should be applied retrospectively. The Company adopted this update on May 1, 2022. The adoption of this update had no material impact on the Company’s results of operations and financial position.
In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-08, Intangibles – Goodwill and other – crypto assets (Subtopic 350-60): Accounting for and disclosure of crypto assets. This guidance addresses the accounting and disclosure requirements for certain crypto assets. The new guidance requires entities to subsequently measure certain crypto assets at fair value, with changes in fair value recorded in net income in each reporting period. In addition, entities are required to provide additional disclosures about the holdings of certain crypto assets. The ASU’s amendments are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, including interim periods within those years. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact this ASU will have on its financial statements and related disclosures.
The Company has reviewed all other recently issued accounting pronouncements and concluded that they are either not applicable or not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s financial statements.
Note 4 – Revenues
For the six October 31, | For the six months ended October 31, 2023 | |||||||||||
| JPY | JPY | USD | ||||||||||
| (Unaudited) | (Unaudited) | (Unaudited) | ||||||||||
| OPERATING REVENUES | ||||||||||||
| Software and system development services | ||||||||||||
| Consulting and solution services | ||||||||||||
| Sale of NFTs | ||||||||||||
| TOTAL OPERATING REVENUES | ||||||||||||
Note 5 – Accounts receivable, net
As of April 30, | As of October 31, | |||||||||||
| JPY | JPY | USD | ||||||||||
| (Unaudited) | (Unaudited) | |||||||||||
| Accounts receivable | ||||||||||||
| Less: Allowance for expected credit loss | ||||||||||||
| Add: Consumption tax receivable | ||||||||||||
| Accounts receivable, net | ||||||||||||
F-16
Note 6 – Property and equipment, net
As of April 30, | As of October 31, | |||||||||||
| JPY | JPY | USD | ||||||||||
| (Unaudited) | (Unaudited) | |||||||||||
| At cost: | ||||||||||||
| Office equipment | ||||||||||||
| Total | ||||||||||||
| Accumulated depreciation | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||
| Property and equipment, net | ||||||||||||
Depreciation expense for the six months ended
October 31, 2022 and 2023 amounted to JPY
Note 7 – Other payables and accrued expenses
As of April 30, | As of October 31, | |||||||||||
| JPY | JPY | USD | ||||||||||
| (Unaudited) | (Unaudited) | |||||||||||
| Salary and benefit payables | ||||||||||||
| Outsourced development costs | ||||||||||||
| Communication costs | ||||||||||||
| Professional service fee | ||||||||||||
| Withholding tax | ||||||||||||
| Resident tax for employees | ||||||||||||
| Corporate business tax | ||||||||||||
| Sales proceeds temporarily received for others | ||||||||||||
| Others | ||||||||||||
Others mainly consist of other payables related to operating activities including outsourced design costs and handling fee.
F-17
Note 8 – Loans
| As of April 30, 2023 | Balance | Balance | Maturity Date |
Effective Interest Rate |
Collateral/Guarantee | |||||||||||
| JPY | USD | |||||||||||||||
| Kiraboshi Bank | % | |||||||||||||||
| Kiraboshi Bank | % | |||||||||||||||
| Resona Bank | % | |||||||||||||||
| Shoko Chukin Bank | % | |||||||||||||||
| Total loans | ||||||||||||||||
| Less: Loan origination fee | ( |
) | ( |
) | ||||||||||||
| Current portion of long – term loan | ( |
) | ( |
) | ||||||||||||
| Long-term loan – due over one year | ||||||||||||||||
| As of October 31, 2023 | Balance | Balance | Maturity Date |
Effective Interest Rate |
Collateral/Guarantee | |||||||||||
| JPY | USD | |||||||||||||||
| (Unaudited) | (Unaudited) | |||||||||||||||
| Kiraboshi Bank | % | |||||||||||||||
| Kiraboshi Bank | % | |||||||||||||||
| Resona Bank | % | |||||||||||||||
| Shoko Chukin Bank | % | |||||||||||||||
| Total loans | ||||||||||||||||
| Less: Loan origination fee | ( |
) | ( |
) | ||||||||||||
| Current portion of long – term loan | ( |
) | ( |
) | ||||||||||||
| Long-term loan – due over one year | ||||||||||||||||
| JPY | USD | |||||||
| Remainder of 2024 | ||||||||
| 2025 | ||||||||
| 2026 | ||||||||
| 2027 | ||||||||
| 2028 | ||||||||
| Thereafter | ||||||||
| Total | ||||||||
F-18
Note 9 – Commitments and contingencies
Lease commitments
The Company entered into an operating lease agreement for office space. The minimum lease payment commitments under the operating lease as of October 31, 2023 are set forth in the Note 11 – Operating leases – right-of-use assets.
Litigation
Certain shareholders of the Company filed a lawsuit in the Tokyo District Court against
the Company and Mr. Satoshi Kobayashi, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Representative Director. The complaint, which is
dated December 18, 2023, was served on the Company and Mr. Kobayashi on January 12, 2024. The plaintiffs alleged that Mr. Kobayashi violated
Article 709 of the Japanese Civil Code by intentionally delaying or misrepresenting the procedures necessary for the sale of shares, thereby
unfairly depriving the plaintiffs of the opportunity to sell their shares on the Nasdaq market at a higher price following the Company’s
initial public offering, and that the Company shall be liable for damages caused by Mr. Kobayashi in the discharge of his duties as the
Company’s Representative Director under Article 350 of the Japanese Companies Act. The plaintiffs sought monetary damages in the
total amount of $
Note 10 – Income taxes
(a) Corporate Income Taxes
The Company is in Japan and is subject to Japanese
national and local income taxes, inhabitant tax, and enterprise tax, which, in the aggregate, represent a statutory income tax rate of
approximately
The effective tax rate for the six months ended
October 31, 2022 and 2023 were approximately
For the six months ended October 31, | For the six months ended October 31, 2023 | |||||||||||
| JPY | JPY | USD | ||||||||||
| (Unaudited) | (Unaudited) | (Unaudited) | ||||||||||
| Current income tax expense | ||||||||||||
| Deferred tax (benefit) expense | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||
| TOTAL OPERATING REVENUES | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||
F-19
| As of April 30, 2023 | As of October 31, 2023 | |||||||||||
| JPY | JPY | USD | ||||||||||
| (Unaudited) | (Unaudited) | |||||||||||
| Net operating loss carry forward | ||||||||||||
| Write off of other receivable | ||||||||||||
| Lease liabilities | ||||||||||||
| Research and development costs - capitalized for tax purposes | ||||||||||||
| Temporary difference in depreciation | ||||||||||||
| Write off of guarantee money deposited | ||||||||||||
| Bonus accrual | ||||||||||||
| Others | ||||||||||||
| Valuation allowance | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||
| Deferred tax assets | ||||||||||||
| Right-of-use assets – operating lease | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||
| Accrued business tax receivable | ( | ) | ||||||||||
| Others | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||
| Deferred tax liabilities | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||
| Total | ( | ) | ||||||||||
In assessing the realizability of deferred tax assets, management considers whether it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income during the periods in which those temporary differences become deductible. Management considers the cumulative earnings and projected future taxable income in making this assessment. Recovery of substantially all of the Company’s deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future income, exclusive of reversing taxable temporary differences.
(b) Consumption tax
Consumption tax collected and remitted to tax
authorities is excluded from revenue, cost of sales, and expenses in the statements of operations. The Company has been subject to the
applicable consumption tax rate of
Note 11 – Operating leases – right-of-use assets
The Company entered into an operating lease agreement for office space. None of the amounts disclosed below for these leases contain variable payments, residual value guarantees or options that were recognized as part of the right-of-use assets and lease liabilities. As the Company’s leases did not provide an implicit discount rate, the Company used an incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments.
As of April 30, 2023, the Company had operating
lease liabilities, including current and noncurrent, in the amount of JPY
As of October 31, 2023, the Company had operating
lease liabilities, including current and noncurrent, in the amount of JPY
Operating lease costs for the six months ended
October 31, 2022 and 2023 was JPY
F-20
Lease commitments
| Operating Leases | ||||||||
| JPY | USD | |||||||
| (Unaudited) | (Unaudited) | |||||||
| Remainder of 2024 | ||||||||
| 2025 | ||||||||
| 2026 | ||||||||
| Total lease payment | ||||||||
| Less imputed interest | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Present value of operating lease liabilities | ||||||||
| Less: current obligation | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Long-term obligation at October 31, 2023 | ||||||||
|
For the October 31, |
||||||
| JPY | USD | |||||
| (Unaudited) | (Unaudited) | |||||
| Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities | ||||||
| Operating cash flows for operating leases | ||||||
| Weighted average remaining lease term of operating leases | ||||||
| Weighted average discount rate of operating leases | ||||||
Note 12 – Shareholders’ equity
Ordinary shares
The Company is a stock company incorporated in Japan pursuant to the laws of Japan on May 1, 2018.
As of April 30, 2023 and October 31, 2023, the
number of outstanding shares is
Note 13. Share-based compensation
Share option plan (the “2019 Plan”)
On February 5, 2019, the shareholders and Board
of Directors of the Company approved the 2019 Plan, which is administered by the Board of Directors and has a term of
The options granted under the 2019 Plan have a
contractual term of
The fair value of each option award is estimated
on the grant date using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model with the following assumptions: risk-free interest rate of -
F-21
| Number of options* | Weighted- average exercise price | Weighted- average grant-date fair value | Weighted- average remaining contractual term | Aggregate intrinsic Value | ||||||||||||||||
| JPY | JPY | Years | JPY | |||||||||||||||||
| Outstanding, April 30, 2022 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Granted | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| Forfeited | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| Outstanding, October 31, 2022 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Vested at October 31, 2022 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Exercisable at October 31, 2022 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Number of options* | Weighted- average exercise price | Weighted- average grant-date fair value | Weighted- average remaining contractual term | Aggregate intrinsic Value | ||||||||||||||||
| USD | USD | Years | US$ | |||||||||||||||||
| Outstanding, April 30, 2023 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Granted | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| Forfeited | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| Outstanding, October 31, 2023 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Vested at October 31, 2023 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Exercisable at October 31, 2023 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Number of options* | Weighted- average exercise price | Weighted- average grant-date fair value | Weighted- average remaining contractual term | Aggregate intrinsic Value | ||||||||||||||||
| JPY | JPY | Years | JPY | |||||||||||||||||
| Outstanding, April 30, 2023 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Granted | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| Forfeited | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| Outstanding, October 31, 2023 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Vested at October 31, 2023 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Exercisable at October 31, 2023 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| * |
The aggregate intrinsic value in the table above represents the difference between the fair value of the Company’s ordinary share as of fiscal year end and the option’s respective exercise price.
For the six months ended October 31, 2023, the
Company recognized share-based compensation expense of JPY
F-22
Trust-Type Share Option Plan (the “2019 Trust-Type Plan”)
On July 1, 2019, the shareholders and Board of
Directors of the Company approved the 2019 Trust-Type Share Option Plan (the “2019 Trust-Type Plan”); 2019 Trust-Type Plan
is administered by the Board of Directors, and has a term of
The trust-type share option (trust for market value-issue stock acquisition rights) is a scheme of where the option holder is granted the right to acquire the Company’s stock in the open market at pre-determined price, which can be lower than the fair market value; therefore, generating immediate benefit to the holder to option. The trust type plan was initiated and created by the trustor (Mr. Kobayashi, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer) when he deposited funds into the trust with the intention to reward the beneficiaries of the plan. The trustee is entrusted with the responsibility to grant to beneficiaries (officers and employees, etc.) the options.
The fair value of each option award is estimated
on the grant date using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model with the following assumptions: risk-free interest rate of -
For the six months ended October 31, 2022 and 2023, the Company recognized an expense of and , respectively.
Note 14 – Subsequent events
On April 26, 2024, the Company’s shareholders approved an amendment
to its equity structure whereby the Company reduced capital associated with ordinary shares with a corresponding increase to additional
paid-in capital of JPY
The Company has assessed all events from October 31, 2023 up through April 30, 2024, which is the date that these financial statements are available to be issued, and, except as disclosed above, there are not any material subsequent events that require disclosure in these financial statements.
F-23