EX-99.114 115 tm2217219d1_ex99-114.htm EXHIBIT 99.114

 

Exhibit 99.114 

 

 

 

MANAGEMENT DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS

 

FOR THE THREE MONTHS ENDED MARCH 31, 2022

 

 

 

 

 

Vox Royalty Corp.

Management Discussion & Analysis

For the three months ended March 31, 2022

 

Effective Date

 

This Management Discussion and Analysis (“MD&A”) is prepared as of May 24, 2022. It contains certain forward-looking statements that involve known and unknown risks and uncertainties which are beyond the control of Vox Royalty Corp. ("Vox" or the “Company”). Readers should read the sections of this MD&A entitled “Risk Factors” and “Forward Looking Information”. This MD&A should be read in conjunction with the unaudited condensed interim consolidated financial statements for the three months ended March 31, 2022 as well as the audited consolidated financial statements of the Company for the year ended December 31, 2021. The unaudited condensed interim consolidated financial statements for the period ended March 31, 2022 have been prepared in compliance with International Accounting Standard 34, Interim Financial Reporting. The policies applied in the unaudited condensed interim consolidated financial statements are based on International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”), as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board. Management is responsible for the preparation of the consolidated financial statements and this MD&A. All dollar figures in this MD&A are expressed in United States dollars, unless stated otherwise.

 

Table of Contents

 

Effective Date   2
Table of Contents   2
Overview   3
Highlights for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2022   3
COVID-19 Pandemic   5
Outlook for 2022   5
Asset Portfolio   6
Summary of Quarterly Results   9
Liquidity and Capital Resources   10
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements   10
Commitments and Contingencies   10
Related Party Transactions   11
Changes in Accounting Policies   11
Recent Accounting Pronouncements   11
Outstanding Share Data   11
Critical Accounting Judgements and Estimates   12
Financial Instruments   12
Internal Controls Over Financial Reporting   14
Risks and Uncertainties   14
Forward-Looking Information   21
Third-Party Market and Technical Information   21

 

Abbreviations Used in This Report

 

Abbreviated Definitions
Periods Under Review   Interest Types   Currencies
Q1 2022 The three-month period ended March 31, 2022   “NSR”   Net smelter return royalty   “$”   United States dollars
Q4 2021 The three-month period ended December 31, 2021   “GRR”   Gross revenue royalty   “A$”   Australian dollars
Q3 2021 The three-month period ended September 30, 2021   “FC”   Free carry   “C$”   Canadian dollars
Q2 2021 The three-month period ended June 30, 2021   “PR”   Production royalty        
Q1 2021 The three-month period ended March 31, 2021   “GPR”   Gross proceeds royalty        
Q4 2020 The three-month period ended December 31, 2020   “GSR”   Gross sales royalty        
Q3 2020 The three-month period ended September 30, 2020   “FOB”   Free on board        
Q2 2020 The three-month period ended June 30, 2020                

 

2 

 

 

Vox Royalty Corp.

Management Discussion & Analysis

For the three months ended March 31, 2022

 

Overview

 

Vox is a mining royalty company focused on building a portfolio of royalties across a diverse mix of precious metals assets. Vox has a unique mandate to opportunistically acquire royalties on quality assets at attractive prices over a diverse portfolio of underlying hard rock commodities including precious metals, base and battery metals as well as certain bulk commodities. Precious metals assets currently make up over 70% of the assets underlying the Company’s royalties by royalty count.

 

The Company was established in 2014 and has since built unique intellectual property, a technically focused transactional team and a global sourcing network which has allowed Vox to target the highest risk-adjusted returns in the mining royalty sector. Since the beginning of 2020, Vox has announced over 20 separate transactions to acquire over 45 royalties.

 

The Company’s common shares trade on the TSX Venture Exchange under the ticker symbol “VOX”, and on the OTCQX under the symbol “VOXCF”. Further information on Vox can be found at www.voxroyalty.com.

 

The following table shows the Company’s asset count as of the date of this MD&A:    
     
Asset stage  Current 
Producing   5 
Development(1)   17 
Exploration   34 
Total   56 

 

(1) Development assets include the following stages: feasibility completed, care & maintenance, toll-treatment, based on public filings.

 

Highlights for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2022

 

Financial and Operating

 

·Record Q1 2022 revenues of $1,471,019, an increase of 172% over Q1 2021;

·Record gross profit of $1,164,293 for the three months ended March 31, 2022;

·Strong balance sheet position at quarter end, including:

  o Cash on hand of $5,621,565;
  o Working capital of $6,371,247;
  o Total assets of $27,008,128;

·Released its inaugural Asset Handbook for best practice investor transparency; and

·Announced submission of an initial application to list its common shares on The Nasdaq Stock Market.

 

Royalty Acquisitions

 

Subsequent to March 31, 2022:

 

·On April 26, 2022, Vox entered into a sale and purchase agreement with a subsidiary of Nuheara Limited (“Terrace Gold”), to acquire all of Terrace Gold’s rights and interests in an agreement with Lumina Copper S.A.C, which includes the right to receive the El Molino royalty. The upfront consideration issued to Nuheara Limited will be US$50,000 in common shares of the Company, subject to the approval of the TSX Venture Exchange. A further payment of US$450,000 is payable, in cash or common shares of the Company (at the Company’s sole election), following the registration of the El Molino royalty rights on the applicable mining title in Peru and the satisfaction of other customary completion conditions.

·On April 27, 2022, Vox completed the acquisition of a portfolio of two royalties from a private South African registered company (the “SA Vendor”). The royalties include a 1.0% gross receipts royalty over the Dwaalkop Project and a 0.704% gross receipts royalty over the Messina Project, which collectively cover the full extent of the Limpopo PGM Project (“Limpopo”). The upfront consideration issued to the SA Vendor was C$1,500,000, settled by the issuance of 409,500 common shares of the Company. The Company will make additional cash payments or issue additional common shares (at Vox’s sole election) of up to C$8,900,000 upon achievement of certain production milestones at Limpopo.

 

Development of Royalty Assets

 

During the three months ended March 31, 2022, the Company’s operating partners continued to explore, develop, and expand the projects underlying the Company’s royalty assets.

 

3 

 

 

Vox Royalty Corp.

Management Discussion & Analysis

For the three months ended March 31, 2022

 

Key development news for Q1 2022 is summarized as follows:

 

·On January 18, 2022, Silver Mines Limited announced that it has four drill rigs on site continuing a 30,000m diamond drilling program. The results from this drilling program will form the basis for a mineral resource estimate as part of a Scoping Study of underground mining scenarios.

·On January 20, 2022, Kalamazoo Resources Limited announced that planning is underway for extensive Phase III drilling and exploration program to commence in early 2022.

·On January 25, 2022, Black Cat Syndicate Limited (“Black Cat”) announced that it was granted a Work Approval Permit for the construction of the planned 800ktpa processing facility at Majestic. The only outstanding permit required for mine development and mill construction is the Tailings Storage Facility mining proposal.

·On February 10, 2022, Develop Global Limited (“Develop”) announced that the results from its most recent drilling program point to a substantial conversion of Inferred to Indicated Resource classification. The upgrade in resource classification will pave the way for Develop to update reserves, mine development plans, project costings and to finalize funding options. The updated resource is scheduled for mid-2022.

·On February 23, 2022, Gold Standard Ventures Corp. (“GSV”) announced the following feasibility study results for the South Railroad gold project in Nevada:

oAfter-tax IRR of 62% and NPV5 of US$487M at Spot Gold Price (US$1,899.20 per ounce) and after-tax IRR of 44% and NPV5 of US$315M at US$1,650 per ounce gold (“Base Case Gold Price”);

oPayback of 1.6 years at Spot Gold Price and 1.9 years at Base Case Gold Price;
 o 29% increase in Mineral Reserves to 1.6 million gold ounces;

o10.5-year operating life with total gold production of over 1 million ounces, with an average gold production of 152,000 ounces over the first four years;

oLaunch of construction financing process, targeting 75% from non-equity sources, to be completed this year in advance of final construction permits; and

oOrion Mine Finance to provide GSV with a term sheet of up to $200 million to support the construction of the South Railroad Project.

·On February 23, 2022, Alamos Gold Inc. (“Alamos”) announced that the total capital budget for Lynn Lake in 2022 is $14M, including $11M for development activities and $3M for exploration. The development activities will be focused on environmental work in support for permitting detailed engineering and other site access upgrades. The approval of the Environmental Impact Statement for the project is expected in the second half of 2022, following which Alamos expects to make a construction decision.

·On March 16, 2022, Norwest Minerals Limited (“Norwest”) announced:

oThe Bulgera gold resource estimate increased 113% to 5.1Mt @ 1.2g/t gold for 200,130 ounces;

 oRC and diamond drilling conducted in 2021 intersected wide zones of gold mineralisation to extend the main lode beyond 500m down dip of the shallow Bulgera open pit;

oBulgera gold mineralisation has high recovery (up to 98%) and low-cost processing characteristics; and

oNorwest is to commence deep reverse circulation (“RC”) drilling for additional gold bearing shear zones in the highly mineralized Bulgera gold project area.

·On March 20, 2022, in the Zijin Mining Group Co., Ltd. (“Zijin”) 2021 annual report it announced that the application for permits and licenses of the Binduli North project has been completed, project construction is fully underway and approximately A$160M (RMB 0.757 billion) of the total Binduli expansion budget of A$462M (Binduli North and South) has been invested by Zijin as at December 31, 2021. It is anticipated that the project will complete construction and commence production from the Binduli North portion of the Janet Ivy project in the second half of 2022.

·On March 24, 2022, ValOre Metals Corp. announced an updated NI 43-101 resource estimate for the Pedra Branca platinum group elements project, with highlights including:

o2,198Koz palladium + platinum + gold (“2PGE+AU”) in 63.6Mt grading 1.08g/t 2PGE+AU;

o106% increase to the 2019 inferred mineral resource;

oC$6.1M spent on exploration and development since the 2019 resource;
 o 17,434m have been drilled since 2019;

oExtensive growth potential remains at Massapê, Santo Amaro, Trapia, and Cedro, in addition to advanced exploration targets property-wide; and

oRegional exploration by Trado drilling continues to advance new prospects to RC or core drill targets.

·On March 29, 2022, Genesis Minerals Limited (“Genesis”) announced a substantial resource update for the Ulysses/Leonora gold project, with highlights including:

oTotal Mineral Resource at Leonora has grown to 2.0Moz, up 409,000oz or 25% from 1.6Moz as at March 31, 2021;

oRecent shallow Puzzle North discovery contributed maiden resource of 6.1Mt @ 1.2g/t for 232,000oz, with further growth anticipated;

oTotal combined Puzzle North and Puzzle resource stands at 5,765Kt @ 1.1g/t for 204,000oz Indicated and 2,950Kt @ 1.1g/t for 107,000oz Inferred at a 0.5g/t cut-off grade;

oExploration in 2022 will target depth and strike extensions to Puzzle and Puzzle North, including the untested “Puzzle Gap”; and

oMetallurgical test work has been carried out as part of the Leonora feasibility study at Puzzle North and Puzzle confirming that the ore is amenable to conventional cyanide leaching. Ongoing test work by Genesis has confirmed gold recoveries from primary ore to be ~90% to 95%.

 

4 

 

 

Vox Royalty Corp.

Management Discussion & Analysis

For the three months ended March 31, 2022

 

Subsequent to the end of Q1 2022, the following key development news flow was released:

 

·On April 18, 2022, GSV announced that the first stage exploration program for 2022 includes approximately 5,700 meters of reverse-circulation and core drilling over 20 holes with drilling scheduled to start in May 2022. Based on the results of the first stage exploration program, GSV intends to develop a second stage exploration program to be completed in the fall and winter of 2022.

·On April 19, 2022, Black Cat announced that it entered into binding agreements to acquire 100% of the high-grade Coyote and Paulsens gold operations from Northern Star Resources Limited (“Northern Star”) for total consideration of upto A$44.5M (cash, stock and contingent deferred cash), which Vox holds a 0.75% gross revenue royalty (>250koz cumulative production) over the Merlin gold deposit, and a 1.75% gross revenue royalty (>250koz cumulative production hurdle that is combined with the Ashburton gold royalty) over the Electric Dingo gold deposit.

·On April 21, 2022, Black Cat included in its investor presentation that it is undertaking a tender to mine and toll-treat the fully approved royalty-linked Myhree open pit deposit with interested toll milling partners around Kalgoorlie. If acceptable toll milling terms are agreed, Black Cat will mine Myhree during 2022/2023.

·On April 21, 2022, Jangada Mines plc announced that it has updated the Pitombeiras technical report, which supersedes the Preliminary Economic Assessment published in 2021. The updated technical report includes the titanium component of the project and provides for the following updated results:

 o 100.3% post-tax IRR;
oUS$96.5 million post-tax NPV at an 8% discount rate;
 oAll-in capital expenditures totalling US$18.5million;

oPost-tax payback time of 13 months;

oApproximately 9 year Life of Mine (“LOM”) based on the current estimated minable resource of 5.5Mt, producing total forecast tonnages produced of 1.74Mt Fe / V2O5 and 66kt TiO2;

oUS$415 million total gross revenue, applicable to the 1% net smelter royalty; and

oExploration potential to increase LOM remains open.

·On April 27, 2022 and May 3, 2022, Northern Star announced preparation for open pit mining operations at the Otto Bore deposit have commenced, confirmed by open pit pre-stripping observed by Vox management via satellite imagery, and all required environment studies have been completed and relevant vegetation clearance, dewatering permit have been granted. The Mining Proposal has been approved, however it will be revised and resubmitted to accommodate extension of the new reserve pit.

 

Normal Course Issuer Bid

 

On November 18, 2021, the Company renewed its NCIB, allowing the Company to purchase up to 1,968,056 common shares during the period of November 19, 2021 through November 18, 2022. The NCIB provides the Company with the option to purchase its common shares for cancellation from time to time. During the three months ended March 31, 2022, the Company purchased and cancelled 21,700 common shares.

 

COVID-19 Pandemic

 

In March 2020, the World Health Organization declared a global pandemic related to COVID-19. The current and expected impacts on global commerce are anticipated to be far reaching. To date there has been significant volatility in the stock market and in the commodity and foreign exchange markets, restrictions on the conduct of business in many jurisdictions and the global movement of people and some goods has become restricted. In the current environment, estimates and assumptions about future production, commodity prices, exchange rates, discount rates, future capital expansion plans and associated production implications at the underlying mines and other interests in which the Company holds a royalty or stream interest are subject to greater variability than normal, which could significantly affect the valuation of our assets, both non-financial and financial. As at March 31, 2022, the Company has not recorded any adjustments related to the COVID-19 pandemic.

 

Outlook for 2022

 

Production Stage Assets

 

Vox has increased its producing royalty asset count within its existing portfolio from two at the end of 2020 to five by the end of 2021 (excluding the divested Graphmada graphite royalty). For 2022, Vox anticipates that the following potential additions will supplement its current producing royalty asset count:

 

·Janet Ivy (Binduli North expansion): A$0.50/t production royalty in Western Australia, covering the Janet Ivy gold mine. The Binduli North expansion is expected to commence production in the second half of 2022;

·Otto Bore: 2.5% net smelter royalty (42Koz – 100Koz) in Western Australia, covering Northern Star’s Otto Bore deposit that is planned to be processed at the nearby Thunderbox gold operations. Mining is expected to commence in Q3 2022;

·Pitombeiras: 1% net smelter royalty in Brazil, covering the Pitombeiras vanadium, titanium and iron ore project. Trial mining is expected to commence in late 2022; and

·Bulong: 1% net smelter royalty in Western Australia, covering the Bulong gold project. If acceptable toll milling terms are agreed, Black Cat plans to mine the high grade Myhree open pit deposit from late 2022 onwards.

 

5 

 

 

Vox Royalty Corp.

Management Discussion & Analysis

For the three months ended March 31, 2022

 

Development Assets

 

Based on operator guidance, Vox anticipates the following key catalysts for its development and exploration stage royalties during the remainder of 2022:

 

·Mt Ida: Update on construction activities by Aurenne Group or by construction partner GR Engineering Services Limited (“GR Engineering"), as referenced in GR Engineering’s investor presentation dated February 22, 2022;

·Bowdens:

oUnderground scoping study to be completed in Q2 2022, as discussed on January 18, 2022;

oUnderground resource estimate and expansion study anticipated in Q2 2022;

·Pitombeiras: Updated technical report, as discussed on April 21, 2022;

·Lynn Lake: Construction decision anticipated in the second half of 2022;

·Sulphur Springs: Resource update and exploration decline construction decision anticipated in the second half of 2022, as discussed in Develop’s February 2022 investor presentation;

·Ashburton: Development Scoping Study commencing in Q2 2022, as discussed on March 11, 2022; and

·Bullabulling: Feasibility study anticipated in the second half of 2022.

 

Continued organic news flow is expected throughout the remainder of 2022, due in large part to Vox’s operating partners and their approximately 200,000m (targeted) partner-funded drilling on royalty-linked projects.

 

Additional Opportunities

 

Although the Company is primarily focused on building its portfolio of royalties, Vox management believes that there may be opportunities to maximize the value of its assets through the sale, assignment or transfer of certain royalties, or the right to acquire certain royalties, to third parties. Vox is committed to maximizing per share shareholder value and will consider creative opportunities to achieve this commitment as the royalty and streaming sector evolves.

 

Asset Portfolio

 

As of the date of this MD&A, Vox owns 56 royalties and streaming assets, including one royalty option. Vox ended the first quarter with five producing royalty assets and expects to increase its producing royalty asset count within its existing portfolio to ten by the end of 2023. In addition, the Company owns a number of royalties and streams on development and exploration stage projects. Vox’s interests span eight jurisdictions, including 34 royalty assets in Australia and nine in North America.

 

The following table summarizes each of Vox’s royalty and streaming assets:

 

Asset Royalty Interest Commodity Jurisdiction Stage Operator
           
Higginsville A$0.72/gram gold ore Gold Australia Producing Karora Resources
(Dry Creek) milled(1) (effective       Inc.
  0.85% NSR)        
Segilola 1.5% NSR (subject to Gold Nigeria Producing Thor Explorations
  US$3.5M cap)       Ltd.
Janet Ivy A$0.50/t royalty Gold Australia Producing Zijin Mining Group
            Co., Ltd. (Norton
            Gold Fields Pty
            Ltd.)
Koolyanobbing (part of 2.0% FOB Revenue Iron Ore Australia Producing Mineral Resources
Deception & Altair pits)           Limited
Brauna 0.5% GRR Diamonds Brazil Producing Lipari Mineração
            Ltda.
Mt Ida 1.5% NSR (>10Koz Au Gold Australia Construction Aurenne Group Pty
  production)       Ltd.
Bulong 1.0% NSR Gold Australia Pre-Construction Black Cat
            Syndicate Limited
Ashburton 1.75% GRR Gold Australia Exploration Kalamazoo
  (>250K oz)       Resources Limited
Otto Bore 2.5% NSR (on Gold Australia Development Northern Star
  cumulative 42,000 –       Resources Ltd.
  100,000 oz production)        

 

6 

 

 

Vox Royalty Corp.

Management Discussion & Analysis

For the three months ended March 31, 2022

 

Asset Royalty Interest Commodity Jurisdiction Stage Operator
           
South Railroad 0.633% NSR + Gold USA Development Gold Standard
  advance royalty       Ventures Corp.
  payments        
Bullabulling A$10/oz gold royalty Gold Australia Development Zijin Mining Group
  (>100Koz production)       Co., Ltd. (Norton
          Gold Fields Pty
          Ltd.)
Lynn Lake 2.0% GPR (post initial Gold Canada Development Alamos Gold Inc.
(MacLellan)(2) capital recovery)        
Limpopo (Dwaalkop) 1% GRR Platinum, South Africa Development Sibanye Stillwater
    palladium,     Ltd.
    rhodium, gold,      
    copper and      
    nickel      
Limpopo (Messina) 0.704% GRR Platinum, South Africa Development Sibanye Stillwater
    palladium,     Ltd.
    rhodium, gold,      
    copper and      
    nickel      
El Molino(3) 0.5% NSR Gold, silver and Peru Exploration China Minmetals
    copper     and Jiangxi Copper
Kelly Well 10% FC (converts to Gold Australia Exploration Dacian Gold
  1% NSR)       Limited
New Bore 10% FC (converts to Gold Australia Exploration Dacian Gold
  1% NSR)       Limited
Millrose 1.0% GRR Gold Australia Exploration Strickland Metals
          Limited
Kookynie (Melita) A$1/t ore PR (>650Kt Gold Australia Exploration (Feasibility Genesis Minerals
  ore mined and treated)     ongoing) Ltd.
Kookynie A$1/t ore PR (with gold Gold Australia Exploration Metalicity Limited
(Consolidated Gold) grade escalator(4))        
Green Dam 2.0% NSR Gold Australia Exploration St. Barbara Limited
Holleton 1.0% NSR Gold Australia Exploration Ramelius
          Resources Limited
Yamarna A$7.50/oz discovery Gold Australia Exploration Gold Road
  payment       Resources Ltd.
West Kundana Sliding scale 1.5% to Gold Australia Exploration Evolution Mining
  2.5% NSR       Ltd
British King 1.5% NSR on the first Gold Australia Development Central Iron Ore
  10,000 oz and 5.25%       Ltd
  stream thereafter        
Merlin 0.75% GRR (>250K Gold Australia Exploration Northern Star
  oz)       Resources Limited
          (Black Cat to
          acquire)
West Malartic (Chibex 0.66% NSR Gold Canada Exploration Agnico Eagle
South)         Mines Limited
Bulgera 1% NSR Gold Australia Exploration Norwest Minerals
          Limited
Comet Gold 1% NSR Gold Australia Exploration Accelerate
          Resources Ltd.
Mount Monger 1% NSR Gold Australia Exploration Mt Monger
          Resources Ltd.
Brightstar Alpha 2% PR Gold Australia Exploration Brightstar
          Resources Limited
Forest Reefs 1.5% NSR Gold and copper Australia Exploration Newcrest Mining
          Limited
Bowdens 0.85% GRR Silver-lead-zinc Australia Development Silver Mines
          Limited
Pedra Branca 1.0% NSR Nickel, copper, Brazil Exploration ValOre Metals
    cobalt, PGM’s,   (PEA 2018) Corp.
    Chrome      

 

7 

 

 

Vox Royalty Corp.

Management Discussion & Analysis

For the three months ended March 31, 2022

 

Asset Royalty Interest Commodity Jurisdiction Stage Operator
             
Montana Assets 1.5% NSR Gold, copper USA Exploration Privately held
(Option)            
Mexico Assets 1.0% NSR Silver, lead, zinc Mexico Exploration Privately held
             
Pitombeiras 1.0% NSR Vanadium, Brazil Development Jangada Mines plc
      Titanium, Iron      
      Ore      
Yellow Giant Stream on 100% of Silver Canada Development (Care & MCC Canadian
  silver produced on first     Maintenance) Gold Ventures Inc.
  6,667 oz monthly, then        
  50% of monthly silver        
  produced in excess        
Barabolar Surrounds 1.0% GRR Silver-lead-zinc Australia Exploration Silver Mines
            Limited
Mt. Moss 1.5% NSR Base metals Australia Development (Care & Axis Minerals Pty
      and silver   Maintenance) Ltd
Alce 3.0% GRR Gold, copper Peru Exploration Compania Minera
            Santa Raquel SAC
Volga 2.0% GRR Copper Australia Exploration (Toll- Novel Mining
          treatment Potential)  
Uley 1.5% GRR Graphite Australia Development Quantum Graphite
          (Feasibility) Limited
Sulphur Springs A$2/t ore PR (A$3.7M Copper, zinc, Australia Development Develop Global
  royalty cap) lead, silver   (Feasibility) Limited
Kangaroo Caves A$2/t ore PR (40% Copper, zinc, Australia Development Develop Global
  interest) lead, silver   (Feasibility) Limited
Thaduna 1.0% NSR Copper Australia Exploration Sandfire Resources
            Limited
Glen 0.2% FOB RR Iron ore Australia Exploration Sinosteel Midwest
            Corporation
Anthiby Well 0.25% GRR Iron ore Australia Exploration Hancock
            Prospecting
Brits(5) 1.75% GSR (or Vanadium South Africa Development Bushveld Minerals
  ~C$1.03/tonne annual       Limited
  cap)          
Montanore $0.20/ton Silver, copper USA Development Hecla Mining
            Company
Kenbridge 1% NSR Nickel, copper, Canada Exploration Tartisan Nickel
  (buyback for C$1.5M) cobalt     Corp.
Lynn Lake (Nickel) 2% GPR (post initial Nickel, copper, Canada Exploration Corazon Mining
  capital recovery) cobalt     Ltd.
Phoebe 3% GRR Gold, silver, Peru Exploration Titan Minerals Ltd.
      copper      
Cart 3% GRR Gold, silver, Peru Exploration Titan Minerals Ltd.
      copper      
Jaw 3% GRR Gold, silver, Peru Exploration Titan Minerals Ltd.
      copper      
Colossus 3% GRR Gold, silver, Peru Exploration Titan Minerals Ltd.
      copper      

 

Notes:

 

(1)Royalty rate per gram of gold = A$0.12 x (price of gold per gram at Perth Mint / A$14) = A$0.72/gram gold ore milled, as at 31 March 2022.
(2)Covers only a portion of the MacLellan deposit and not all reserves disclosed by Alamos Gold Inc.
(3)Subject to completion of the acquisition as of the date of this MD&A.
(4)Royalty = A$1 / Tonne (for each Ore Reserve with a gold grade <= 5g/t Au), for grades > 5g/t Au royalty = ((Ore grade per Tonne – 5) x 0.5)+1)
(5)Covers the Uitvalgrond Portion 3 of the Brits project and not all reserves disclosed by Bushveld Minerals Limited.

 

8 

 

 

 

Vox Royalty Corp.

Management Discussion & Analysis 

For the three months ended March 31, 2022

 

Summary of Quarterly Results

 

The following table presents a summary of the Company’s quarterly results of operations for each of its last eight quarters.

 

   Q1 2022   Q4 2021   Q3 2021   Q2 2021   Q1 2021   Q4 2020   Q3 2020   Q2 2020 
   $   $   $   $   $   $   $   $ 
Statement of income (loss) and comprehensive income (loss)                                        
Revenues   1,471,019    574,214    1,223,493    1,314,030    539,980    115,975    10,252    - 
Gross profit   1,164,293    199,656    946,711    1,053,487    479,271    99,905    5,486    - 
Operating expenses   1,452,661    1,772,277    1,451,402    1,368,146    1,398,592    1,955,179    2,699,519    2,623,941 
Net income (loss)   (240,392)   (4,320,912)   (1,251,384)   2,057,694    (617,417)   (2,751,464)   (2,284,933)   (4,155,243)
Net income (loss) per share   (0.01)   (0.11)   (0.03)   0.05    (0.02)   (0.09)   (0.07)   (0.15)
Statement of Financial Position                                        
Total assets   27,008,128    27,305,421    28,109,626    30,161,290    29,024,889    15,186,635    17,208,862    18,061,579 
Total non-current liabilities   4,265,101    4,666,998    2,686,334    1,862,249    1,976,007    1,042,642    629,705    1,074,413 
Statement of Cash Flows                                        
Net cash flows from (used in) operating activities   (404,825)   417,973    1,346,103    (427,511)   (568,219)   (453,254)   (763,440)   (347,114)
Net cash flows from (used in) investing activities   831,240    (1,729)   (1,021,553)   (4,651,327)   (3,679,021)   (548,540)   (1,139,770)   (2,393,823)
Net cash flows from (used in) financing activities   179,243    (13,640)   (1,040,785)   (152,628)   11,850,111    143,369    42,864    8,839,752 

 

First Quarter Results

 

Operating results herein are discussed primarily with respect to the comparable quarter in the prior year. The “quarter” or “1Q 2022” refers to the three-month period ended March 31, 2022 and the “comparable quarter” or “Q1 2021” refers to the three-month period ended March 31, 2021.

 

Revenues

 

Revenues for the Q1 2022 quarter were $1,471,019 compared to $539,980 in the comparable quarter. Q1 2022 revenue growth was largely driven by the first full quarter of gold royalty revenues from the Segilola gold royalty asset, which benefitted from high sustained production and gold prices, complemented by a rebound in quarterly iron ore prices associated with the Koolyanobbing iron ore royalty.

 

Operating Expenses

 

Operating expenses for the quarter were $1,452,661, up from $1,398,592 in the comparable quarter. The increase in expenditures was primarily related to the following:

 

·Decrease in general and administration costs of $21,731. The decrease is primarily related to a decrease in salaries and professional fees;

·Increase in share-based compensation of $74,800. The increase is related to the equity grant to management and directors on March 9, 2022.

 

Other Income (Expenses)

 

Other income for the quarter was $151,822, down from $301,904 in the comparable quarter. The decrease in income was primarily related to the following:

 

·Fair value change income on embedded derivatives of $282,372 during the quarter vs. $379,218 in Q1 2021. The income during the quarter was a result of a small increase in the Company’s share price as at March 31, 2022 compared to December 31, 2021 offset with a shorter timeline to expiry date for warrants and PSUs. In the comparable quarter, the income charge was primarily driven by a decrease in the Company’s share price as at March 31, 2021 compared to December 31, 2020;

·Transaction costs of $111,715 associated with the March 2021 financing vs. $nil during the quarter;

·Foreign exchange gain of $63,226 in Q1 2022 vs. $33,543 in the comparable quarter; and

·Realized and unrealized loss on investments of $196,847 for the quarter vs. $nil in the comparable quarter.

 

Income tax expense

 

During the quarter, the Company recorded a current income tax expense of $196,708 and a deferred tax recovery of $92,862 vs. $nil in the comparable quarter.

 

9 

 

 

Vox Royalty Corp.

Management Discussion & Analysis 

For the three months ended March 31, 2022

 

Net Loss

 

The net loss and comprehensive loss for the quarter was $240,392 vs. $617,417 in the comparable quarter. On a per share basis, the net loss was $0.01 for Q1 2022 vs. $0.02 in the comparable quarter. The net loss for each of the periods is from the results of operations discussed above.

 

Liquidity and Capital Resources

 

The Company’s working capital and liquidity position as at March 31, 2022 comprised current assets of $8,193,273, including cash and cash equivalents of $5,621,565. Against current liabilities of $1,822,026, this resulted in net working capital of $6,371,247. This compares to current assets of $8,137,955 and net working capital of $6,209,207 as at December 31, 2021.

 

Cash Flows Used in Operations

 

Cash flows used in operations in Q1 2022 were $404,825 vs. $568,219 in Q1 2021. The decrease during the period is mainly a result of a decrease in loss from operating activities prior to non-cash working capital changes, a decrease in accounts payable, and offset with an increase in current income tax liabilities vs. the comparable period.

 

Cash Flows From (Used in) Investing Activities

 

Cash flows from investing in Q1 2022 were $831,240 vs. a use of $3,679,021 in the comparable period. In the comparable period, the Company acquired the Breakwater, Gibb River and Horizon Minerals royalty portfolios for cash vs. the current period, where the Company sold a portion of its investments.

 

Cash Flows from Financing Activities

 

Cash flows from financing activities for Q1 2022 were $179,243 vs. $11,850,111 in the comparable quarter. During the period, the Company received $244,353 on the exercise of warrants offset with $65,110 spent to purchase and cancel 21,700 Vox common shares. In the comparable quarter, the Company completed a financing for net proceeds of $12,541,118, offset with $691,007 spent to purchase and cancel 280,800 Vox common shares.

 

With respect to the interim investment of excess working capital, the Company holds only cash, and it does not hold debt instruments issued by other corporations, nor does it hold any material equities or other temporary investments of any kind, other than the approximately 5.1% of the issued and outstanding common shares of Electric Royalties Ltd. it holds as at March 31, 2022.

 

The Company’s management believes current financial resources will be adequate to cover anticipated expenditures for general and administration and project evaluation costs and anticipated minimal capital expenditures for the foreseeable future. Vox’s long-term capital requirements are primarily affected by ongoing activities related to the acquisition or creation of royalties and streams. The Company currently, and generally at any time, has acquisition opportunities in various stages of active review. In the event of the acquisition of one or more significant royalties or streams, Vox may seek additional debt or equity financing as necessary.

 

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

 

The Company does not utilize off-balance sheet arrangements.

 

Commitments and Contingencies

 

As at March 31, 2022, the Company did not have any right-of-use assets or lease liabilities.

 

The Company is committed to minimum annual lease payments for its premises, which renews on a quarterly basis, and certain consulting agreements, as follows:

 

   April 1, 2022 
   To 
   March 31, 2023 
   $ 
Leases  12,980 
Consulting agreements  28,159 
   41,139 

 

10 

 

 

Vox Royalty Corp.

Management Discussion & Analysis 

For the three months ended March 31, 2022

 

The Company is responsible for making certain milestone payments in connection with royalty acquisitions, which become payable on certain royalty revenue or cumulative production thresholds being achieved, as follows:

 

Royalty  $ 
Janet Ivy(1)  2,248,079 
Brits(1)  1,250,000 
Bullabulling(2)  749,360 
Koolyanobbing  562,020 
Uley(1)  164,859 
   4,974,318 

 

(1)The milestone payments may be settled in either cash or common shares of the Company, at the Company’s election.

(2)The milestone payments may be settled in cash or ½ cash and ½ common shares of the Company, at the Company’s election.

 

Related Party Transactions

 

Related parties include the Company’s Board of Directors and Management, as well as close family and enterprises that are controlled by these individuals and certain persons performing similar functions. Other than indicated below, the Company entered into no related party transaction during the three months ended end March 31, 2022 and 2021.

 

Key management personnel compensation

 

The remuneration of directors and other members of key management personnel during the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021 were as follows:

 

   Three months   Three months 
   ended   ended 
   March 31, 2022   March 31, 2021 
Short-term employee benefits   575,860    556,250 
Share-based compensation   160,254    (34,094)
    736,114    522,156 

 

Changes in Accounting Policies

 

There were no changes in accounting policies during the three months ended March 31, 2022.

 

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

 

Certain pronouncements were issued by the IASB or the IFRIC that are mandatory for accounting periods commencing on or after January 1, 2023. Many are not applicable or do not have a significant impact to the Company and have been excluded. The following have not yet been adopted and are being evaluated to determine their impact on the Company.

 

IAS 1 – Presentation of Financial Statements (“IAS 1”)

 

IAS 1 was amended in January 2020 to provide a more general approach to the classification of liabilities under IAS 1 based on the contractual arrangements in place at the reporting date. The amendments clarify that the classification of liabilities as current or noncurrent is based solely on a company’s right to defer settlement at the reporting date. The right needs to be unconditional and must have substance. The amendments also clarify that the transfer of a company’s own equity instruments is regarded as settlement of a liability, unless it results from the exercise of a conversion option meeting the definition of an equity instrument. The amendments are effective for annual periods beginning on January 1, 2023.

 

Outstanding Share Data

 

The authorized share capital of the Company is an unlimited number of common shares without par value.

 

11 

 

 

Vox Royalty Corp.

Management Discussion & Analysis 

For the three months ended March 31, 2022

 

As at March 31, 2022 and May 24, 2022, the issued and outstanding securities were as follows:        
   March 31,   May 24, 
   2022   2022 
   #   # 
Common shares issued and outstanding   39,545,405    40,076,007 
Warrants   5,245,880    5,097,550 
Stock options   1,603,984    1,603,984 
Restricted share units   760,770    760,770 
Performance share units   790,908    801,520 
Fully diluted common shares   47,946,947    48,339,831 

 

Critical Accounting Judgements and Estimates

 

The preparation of the unaudited condense interim consolidated financial statements in conformity with IFRS requires the Company’s management to make judgments, estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the unaudited condensed interim consolidated financial statements. Estimates and assumptions are based on management’s best knowledge of the relevant facts and circumstances. However, actual results may differ from those estimates included in the consolidated financial statements.

 

The Company’s significant accounting policies and estimates are disclosed in Notes 2 and 3 of the unaudited condensed interim consolidated financial statements.

 

Financial Instruments

 

The Company’s risk exposures and the impact on the financial instruments are summarized below. There have been no material changes to the risks, objectives, policies and procedures during the three months ended March 31, 2022 and the year ended December 31, 2021.

 

Credit risk

 

Credit risk is the risk of potential loss to the Company if the counterparty to a financial instrument fails to meet its contractual obligations. The Company's credit risk is primarily attributable to its liquid financial assets including cash and cash equivalents and accounts receivable in the ordinary course of business. In order to mitigate its exposure to credit risk, the Company maintains its cash in high quality financial institutions and closely monitors its accounts receivable balances. The Company’s accounts receivable are subject to the credit risk of the counterparties who own and operate the mines underlying Vox’s royalty and streaming portfolio.

 

Liquidity risk

 

Liquidity risk is the risk that the Company will not be able to meet its financial obligations as they come due. The Company’s approach to managing liquidity is to ensure it will have sufficient liquidity to meet liabilities when due. In managing liquidity risk, the Company takes into account anticipated cash flows from operations and holding of cash and cash equivalents. As at March 31, 2022, the Company had cash and cash equivalents of $5,621,565 (December 31, 2021 - $5,064,802) and working capital of $6,371,247 (December 31, 2021 - $6,209,207).

 

Currency risk

 

Foreign currency risk is the risk that the fair value or future cash flows of a financial instrument will fluctuate because of changes in foreign exchange rates. The Company is subject to foreign exchange risk related to cash in Canadian dollars, with a value of C$3,922,696 ($3,139,162), investments held in Canadian dollars, with an estimated fair value of C$1,402,566 ($1,122,412), and derivative and other liabilities held in Canadian dollars, with an estimated fair value of C$3,764,406 ($3,012,488) as at March 31, 2022. The Company is therefore subject to gains and losses due to fluctuations in the related currency relative to the US dollar. As at March 31, 2022, a 10% change in the Canadian dollar, would have an impact of $313,000, $112,000 and $301,000, on cash, investments and derivative and other liabilities, respectively, and on the unaudited condensed interim consolidated statement of loss and comprehensive loss.

 

Interest rate risk

 

The Company has cash balances with rates that fluctuate with the prevailing market rate. The Company’s current policy is to invest excess cash in cash accounts or short-term interest-bearing securities issued by chartered banks. The Company periodically monitors the investments it makes and is satisfied with the credit ratings of its banks. The Company does not use any derivative instrument to reduce its exposure to interest rate risk.

 

12 

 

 

 

Vox Royalty Corp.

Management Discussion & Analysis

For the three months ended March 31, 2022

 

Commodity and share price risk

 

The Company’s royalties are subject to fluctuations from changes in market prices of the underlying commodities. The market prices of precious and base metals are the primary drivers of the Company’s profitability and ability to generate free cash flow. All of the Company’s future revenue is not hedged in order to provide shareholders with full exposure to changes in the market prices of these commodities.

 

The Company’s financial results may be significantly affected by a decline in the price of precious and/or base metals. The price of precious and base metals can fluctuate widely, and is affected by numerous factors beyond the Company’s control.

 

Fair value of financial instruments

 

The carrying amounts for cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued liabilities, and income tax liabilities on the consolidated statements of financial position approximate fair value because of the limited term of these instruments.

 

The fair value of derivative and other liabilities were estimated based on the assumptions disclosed in Notes 9 and 13 of the unaudited condensed interim consolidated financial statements.

 

The Company classifies fair value measurements using a fair value hierarchy that reflects the significance of the inputs used in making the measurements. The fair value hierarchy has the following levels:

 

·Level 1 – Quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities;

·Level 2 – Inputs other than quoted prices include din Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly (i.e. as prices) or indirectly (i.e. derived from prices): and

·Level 3 – Inputs for the asset or liability that are not based on observable market data (unobservable inputs).

 

As at March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the Company does not have any financial instruments measured at fair value after initial recognition, except for investments, which are calculated using Level 1 inputs, and derivative and other liabilities, which are calculated using Level 3 inputs.

 

The following table provides information about financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value in the unaudited condensed interim consolidated statements of financial position and categorized by level according to the significance of the inputs used in making the measurements.

 

As at March 31, 2022                
   Level 1   Level 2   Level 3   Total 
    $    $    $    $ 
Investments   1,122,412    -    -    1,122,412 
Derivative and other liabilities   -    -    (3,012,488)   (3,012,488)
    1,122,412    -    (3,012,488)   (1,890,076)

 

Level 3 Hierarchy

 

The following table presents the changes in fair value measurements of financial instruments classified as Level 3 as at March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021. These financial instruments are measured at fair value utilizing non-observable market inputs. The gains and losses are recognized in the unaudited condensed interim consolidated statements of loss and comprehensive loss.

 

   March 31,   December 31, 
   2022   2021 
    $    $ 
Balance, beginning of year   3,327,672    1,042,642 
Issuance of financing warrants   -    1,372,247 
Change in valuation of financing warrants   (282,372)   517,971 
Share-based compensation expense on PSUs   (32,812)   394,812 
Balance, end of year   3,012,488    3,327,672 

 

Capital management

 

The Company’s primary objective when managing capital is to maximize returns for its shareholders by growing its asset base through accretive acquisitions of royalties, streams and other interests, while optimizing its capital structure by balancing debt and equity. As at March 31, 2022, the capital structure of the Company consists of $20,921,001 (December 31, 2021 - $20,709,675) of total equity, comprising of share capital, equity reserves, and deficit. The Company was not subject to any externally imposed capital requirements.

 

13 

 

 

Vox Royalty Corp.

Management Discussion & Analysis

For the three months ended March 31, 2022

 

Internal Controls Over Financial Reporting

 

The Company’s Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) and Chief Financial Officer (“CFO”) have established processes to provide them with sufficient knowledge to support representations that they have exercised reasonable diligence that: (i) the consolidated financial statements do not contain any untrue statement of material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be stated or that is necessary to make a statement not misleading in light of the circumstances under which it is made, as of the date of and for the periods presented by the consolidated financial statements; and (ii) the consolidated financial statements fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the Company, as of the date of and for the periods presented. In contrast to the certificate required for non-venture issuers under National Instrument 52-109 Certification of Disclosure in Issuers’ Annual and Interim Filings (“NI 52-109”), the corresponding certificate for venture issuers does not include representations relating to the establishment and maintenance of disclosure controls and procedures (“DC&P”) and internal control over financial reporting (“ICFR”), as defined in NI 52-109. In particular, the certifying officers of the Company do not make any representations relating to the establishment and maintenance of:

 

i.controls and other procedures designed to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed by the issuer in its annual filings, interim filings or other reports filed or submitted under securities legislation is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in securities legislation; and

ii.a process to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with IFRS.

 

The Company’s CEO and CFO are responsible for ensuring that processes are in place to provide them with sufficient knowledge to support the representations they are making in the corresponding certificate. Investors should be aware that inherent limitations on the ability of certifying officers of a venture issuer to design and implement on a cost effective basis DC&P and ICFR as defined in NI 52-109 may result in additional risks to the quality, reliability, transparency and timeliness of interim and annual filings and other reports provided under securities legislation.

 

Risks and Uncertainties

 

Global Financial Conditions

 

Global financial conditions can be volatile. Financial markets historically at times experienced significant price and volume fluctuations that have particularly affected the market prices of equity securities of companies and that have often been unrelated to the operating performance, underlying asset values or prospects of such companies. In particular, the conflict between Russia and Ukraine and any restrictive actions that are or may be taken by Canada, the U.S., and other countries in response thereto, such as sanctions or export controls, could have potential negative implications to the financial markets. Accordingly, the market price of Vox’s common shares may decline even if the Company’s operating results, underlying asset values or prospects have not changed. Additionally, these factors, as well as other related factors, may cause decreases in asset values that are deemed to be other than temporary, which may result in impairment losses. There can be no assurance that continuing fluctuations in price and volume will not occur. If such increased levels of volatility and market turmoil continue, the Company’s operations could be adversely impacted, and the trading price of its common shares may be materially adversely affected.

 

Market events and conditions, including the disruptions in the international credit markets and other financial systems, along with falling currency prices expressed in United States dollars can result in commodity prices remaining volatile. These conditions can cause a loss of confidence in global credit markets resulting in the collapse of, and government intervention in, major banks, financial institutions and insurers and creating a climate of greater volatility, tighter regulations, less liquidity, widening credit spreads, less price transparency, increased credit losses and tighter credit conditions. Notwithstanding various actions by governments, concerns about the general condition of the capital markets, financial instruments, banks and investment banks, insurers and other financial institutions caused the broader credit markets to be volatile and interest rates to remain at historical lows. These events can be illustrative of the effect that events beyond the Company’s control may have on commodity prices, demand for metals, including gold, silver, copper, lead and zinc, availability of credit, investor confidence, and general financial market liquidity, all of which may adversely affect the Company’s business.

 

Access to additional sources of capital, including conducting public financings, can be negatively impacted by disruptions in the international credit markets and the financial systems of other countries, as well as concerns over global growth rates. These factors could impact the ability of Vox to obtain both debt and equity financing in the future and, if obtained, on terms favourable to Vox. Increased levels of volatility and market turmoil can adversely impact the operations of Vox and the value, and the price of common shares of the Company could be adversely affected.

 

14 

 

  

Vox Royalty Corp.

Management Discussion & Analysis

For the three months ended March 31, 2022

 

Dependence on third-party operators

 

The Company is not and will not be directly involved in the exploration, development and production of minerals from, or the continued operation of, the mineral projects underlying the royalties or streams that are or may be held by the Company. The exploration, development and operation of such properties is determined and carried out by third-party owners and operators thereof and any revenue that may be derived from the Company’s asset portfolio will be based on production by such owners and operators. Third-party owners and operators will generally have the power to determine the manner in which the properties are exploited, including decisions regarding feasibility, exploration and development of such properties or decisions to commence, continue or reduce, or suspend or discontinue production from a property. The interests of third-party owners and operators and those of the Company may not always be aligned. As an example, it will usually be in the interest of the Company to advance development and production on properties as rapidly as possible, in order to maximize near-term cash flow, while third-party owners and operators may take a more cautious approach to development, as they are exposed to risk on the cost of exploration, development and operations. Likewise, it may be in the interest of owners and operators to invest in the development of, and emphasize production from, projects or areas of a project that are not subject to royalties, streams or similar interests that are or may be held by the Company. The inability of the Company to control or influence the exploration, development or operations for the properties in which the Company holds or may hold royalties or streams may have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, results of operations and financial condition. In addition, the owners or operators may take action contrary to the Company‘s policies or objectives; be unable or unwilling to fulfill their obligations under their agreements with the Company; or experience financial, operational or other difficulties, including insolvency, which could limit the owner or operator’s ability to advance such properties or perform its obligations under arrangements with the Company.

 

The Company may not be entitled to any compensation if the properties in which it holds or may hold royalties or streams discontinue exploration, development or operations on a temporary or permanent basis.

 

The owners or operators of the projects in which the Company holds an interest may, from time to time, announce transactions, including the sale or transfer of the projects or of the operator itself, over which the Company has little or no control. If such transactions are completed, it may result in a new operator, which may or may not explore, develop or operate the project in a similar manner to the current operator, which may have a material adverse effect on the Company‘s business, results of operations and financial condition. The effect of any such transaction on the Company may be difficult or impossible to predict.

 

Royalties, streams and similar interests may not be honoured by operators of a project

 

Royalties and streams are typically contractually based. Parties to contracts do not always honour contractual terms and contracts themselves may be subject to interpretation or technical defects.

 

Non-performance by the Company’s counterparties may occur if such counterparties find themselves unable to honor their contractual commitments due to financial distress or other reasons. In such circumstances, the Company may not be able to secure similar agreements on as competitive terms or at all. No assurance can be given that the Company’s financial results will not be adversely affected by the failure of a counterparty or counterparties to fulfil their contractual obligations in the future. Such failure could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, results of operations and financial condition.

 

To the extent grantors of royalties or streams that are or may be held by the Company do not abide by their contractual obligations, the Company may be forced to take legal action to enforce its contractual rights. Such litigation may be time consuming and costly and, as with all litigation, no guarantee of success can be made. Should any such decision be determined adversely to the Company, it may have a material adverse effect on the Company‘s business, results of operations and financial condition.

 

Limited or no access to data or the operations underlying its interests

 

The Company is not, and will not be, the owner or operator of any of the properties underlying its current or future royalties or streams and has no input in the exploration, development or operation of such properties. Consequently, the Company has limited or no access to related exploration, development or operational data or to the properties themselves. This could affect the Company’s ability to assess the value of a royalty or similar interest. This could also result in delays in cash flow from that anticipated by the Company, based on the stage of development of the properties underlying its royalties and similar interests. The Company’s entitlement to payments in relation to such interests may be calculated by the royalty payors in a manner different from the Company’s projections and the Company may not have rights of audit with respect to such interests. In addition, some royalties, streams or similar interests may be subject to confidentiality arrangements that govern the disclosure of information with regard to such interests and, as a result, the Company may not be in a position to publicly disclose related non-public information. The limited access to data and disclosure regarding the exploration, development and production of minerals from, or the continued operation of, the properties in which the Company has an interest may restrict the Company’s ability to assess value, which may have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, results of operations and financial condition. The Company attempts to mitigate this risk by leveraging the proprietary database previously held by Mineral Royalties Online (“MRO”), which was acquired by Vox in 2020. MRO was a specialist royalty advisory firm with extensive experience in royalty due diligence, sale processes and principal investment. The MRO team have collectively been involved in over $1 billion of royalty transactions across hundreds of royalty agreements over the past 20 years and have historically held senior exploration and commercial roles at major mining companies and financial institutions. In addition, the Company also plans to cultivate close working relationships with carefully selected owners, operators and counterparties in order to encourage information sharing to supplement the historical data and expert analyses provided by the management team formerly with MRO.

 

Risks faced by owners and operators

 

To the extent that they relate to the exploration, development and production of minerals from, or the continued operation of, the properties in which the Company holds or may hold royalties, streams or similar interests, the Company will be subject to the risk factors applicable to the owners and operators of such mines or projects.

 

15 

 

  

Vox Royalty Corp.

Management Discussion & Analysis

For the three months ended March 31, 2022

 

Mineral exploration, development and production generally involves a high degree of risk. Such operations are subject to all of the hazards and risks normally encountered in the exploration, development and production of metals, including weather related events, unusual and unexpected geology formations, seismic activity, environmental hazards and the discharge of toxic chemicals, explosions and other conditions involved in the drilling, blasting and removal of material, any of which could result in damage to, or destruction of, mines and other producing facilities, damage to property, injury or loss of life, environmental damage, work stoppages, delays in exploration, development and production, increased production costs and possible legal liability. Any of these hazards and risks and other acts of God could shut down such activities temporarily or permanently. Mineral exploration, development and production is subject to hazards such as equipment failure or failure of retaining dams around tailings disposal areas, which may result in environmental pollution and consequent liability for the owners or operators thereof. The exploration for, and development, mining and processing of, mineral deposits involves significant risks that even a combination of careful evaluation, experience and knowledge may not eliminate.

 

The Company currently has royalty interests in various exploration-stage projects. While the discovery of mineral deposits may result in substantial rewards, few properties that are explored are ultimately developed into producing mines. Major expenditures may be required to locate and establish mineral reserves, to develop metallurgical processes and to construct mining and processing facilities at a particular site. It is impossible to ensure that exploration or development programs planned by the owners or operators of the properties underlying royalties or streams that are or may be held by the Company will result in profitable commercial mining operations. Whether a mineral deposit will be commercially viable depends on a number of factors, including cash costs associated with extraction and processing; the particular attributes of the deposit, such as size, grade and proximity to infrastructure; mineral prices, which are highly cyclical; government regulations, including regulations relating to prices, taxes, royalties, land tenure, land use, importing and exporting of minerals and environmental protection; and political stability. The exact effect of these factors cannot be accurately predicted but the combination of these factors may result in one or more of the properties underlying the Company’s current or future interests not receiving an adequate return on invested capital. Accordingly, there can be no assurance the properties underlying the Company’s interests will be brought into a state of commercial production.

 

Dependence on future payments from owners and operators

 

The Company will be dependent to a large extent on the financial viability and operational effectiveness of owners and operators of the properties underlying the royalties or streams that are or may be held by the Company. Payments from production generally flow through the operator and there is a risk of delay and additional expense in receiving such revenues. Payments may be delayed by restrictions imposed by lenders, delays in the sale or delivery of products, recovery by the operators of expenses, the establishment by the operators of mineral reserves for such expenses or the bankruptcy, insolvency or other adverse financial condition of the operator. The Company’s rights to payment under royalties and similar interests must, in most cases, be enforced by contract without the protection of a security interest over property that the Company could readily liquidate. This inhibits the Company’s ability to collect outstanding royalties in the event of a default. In the event of a bankruptcy, insolvency or other arrangement of an operator or owner, the Company will be treated like any other unsecured creditor, and therefore have a limited prospect for full recovery of royalty or similar revenue.

 

Security over underlying assets

 

There is no guarantee that the Company will be able to effectively enforce any guarantees, indemnities or other security interests it may have. Should a bankruptcy or other similar event occur that precludes a counterparty from performing its obligations under an agreement with the Company, the Company would have to enforce its security interest. In the event that the counterparty has insufficient assets to pay its liabilities, it is possible that other liabilities will be satisfied prior to the liabilities owed to the Company. In addition, bankruptcy or other similar proceedings are often a complex and lengthy process, the outcome of which may be uncertain and could result in a material adverse effect on the Company.

 

In addition, because the counterparty may be owned and operated by foreign affiliates, the Company’s security interests may be subject to enforcement and insolvency laws of foreign jurisdictions that vary significantly, and the Company’s security interests may not be enforceable as anticipated. Further, there can be no assurance that any judgments obtained in any local court will be enforceable in those jurisdictions. If the Company is unable to enforce its security interests, there may be a material adverse effect on the Company.

 

Unknown defects and impairments

 

A defect in any business arrangement may arise to defeat or impair the claim of the Company to such transaction, which may have a material adverse effect on the Company. It is possible that material changes could occur that may adversely affect management’s estimate of the recoverable amount for any agreement the Company enters into. Impairment estimates, based on applicable key assumptions and sensitivity analysis, will be based on management’s best knowledge of the amounts, events or actions at such time, and the actual future outcomes may differ from any estimates that are provided by the Company. Any impairment charges on the Company’s carrying value of business arrangements could have a material adverse effect on the Company.

 

Commodities price risk

 

The revenue derived by the Company from its asset portfolio will be significantly affected by changes in the market price of the minerals underlying each of its royalty and streaming assets. Mineral prices fluctuate on a daily basis and are affected by numerous factors beyond the control of the Company, including levels of supply and demand or industrial development levels. While the Company plans to mitigate this risk by diversifying the underlying commodities in its portfolio of royalties and streams, macro-level factors such as inflation and the level of interest rates, the strength of the U.S. dollar and geopolitical events in significant mining countries will impact mining and minerals industries overall. The conflict between Russia and Ukraine and any restrictive actions that are or may be taken by Canada, the U.S., and other countries in response thereto, such as sanctions or export controls, could have potential negative impacts on commodity prices. External economic factors are, in turn, influenced by changes in international investment patterns, monetary systems and political developments. Each of the minerals underlying the future portfolio of the Company is a commodity, and is by its nature subject to wide price fluctuations and future material price declines could result in a decrease in revenue or, in the case of severe declines that cause a suspension or termination of production by relevant operators, a complete cessation of revenue from royalties, streams or similar interests that the Company may hold. Any such price decline may have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, results of operations and financial condition.

 

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Vox Royalty Corp.

Management Discussion & Analysis

For the three months ended March 31, 2022

 

Acquisition strategy

 

As part of the Company’s business strategy, it will seek to purchase a diversity of royalties, streams or similar interests from third-party mining companies and others. In pursuit of such opportunities, the Company may fail to select appropriate acquisition targets or negotiate acceptable arrangements, including arrangements to finance acquisitions. The Company cannot ensure that it can complete any acquisition, transaction or business arrangement that it pursues, or is pursuing, on favourable terms or at all, or that any acquisition, transaction or business arrangement completed will ultimately benefit the Company. The Company will seek to mitigate this risk by utilizing the MRO database.

 

Risks related to mineral reserves and resources

 

The mineral reserves and resources on properties underlying the royalties, streams or similar interests that may or will be held by the Company are estimates only, and no assurance can be given that the estimated reserves and resources are accurate or that the indicated level of minerals will be produced. Such estimates are, in large part, based on interpretations of geological data obtained from drill holes and other sampling techniques. Actual mineralization or formations may be different from those predicted by the owners or operators of the properties. Further, it may take many years from the initial phase of drilling before production is possible and, during that time, the economic feasibility of exploiting a discovery may change. Market price fluctuations of commodities, as well as increased production and capital costs or reduced recovery rates, may render the proven and probable reserves on properties underlying the royalties, streams or similar interests that are or may be held by the Company unprofitable to develop at a particular site or sites for periods of time or may render reserves containing relatively lower grade mineralization uneconomic. Moreover, short-term operating factors relating to the reserves, such as the need for the orderly development of ore bodies or the processing of new or different ore grades, may cause reserves to be reduced or not extracted. Estimated reserves may have to be recalculated based on actual production experience. The economic viability of a mineral deposit may also be impacted by other attributes of a particular deposit, such as size, grade and proximity to infrastructure; by governmental regulations and policy relating to price, taxes, royalties, land tenure, land use permitting, the import and export of minerals and environmental protection; and by political and economic stability.

 

Resource estimates in particular must be considered with caution. Resource estimates for properties that have not commenced production are based, in many instances, on limited and widely spaced drill holes or other limited information, which is not necessarily indicative of the conditions between and around drill holes. Such resource estimates may require revision as more drilling or other exploration information becomes available or as actual production experience is gained. Further, resources may not have demonstrated economic viability and may never be extracted by the operator of a property. It should not be assumed that any part or all of the mineral resources on properties underlying the royalties, streams or similar interests that are or may be held by the Company constitute or will be converted into reserves. Any of the foregoing factors may require operators to reduce their reserves and resources, which may have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, results of operations and financial condition.

 

Costs may influence return to Company

 

Net profit royalties and similar interests allow the operator to account for the effect of prevailing cost pressures on the project before calculating a royalty. These cost pressures typically include costs of labour, equipment, electricity, environmental compliance, and numerous other capital, operating and production inputs. Such costs will fluctuate in ways the Company will not be able to predict, will be beyond the control of Company and can have a dramatic effect on the revenue payable on these royalties and similar interests. Any increase in the costs incurred by operators on applicable properties will likely result in a decline in the royalty revenue received by the Company. This, in turn, will affect overall revenue generated by the Company, which may have a material adverse effect on its business, results of operations and financial condition.

 

Compliance with laws

 

The Company’s, owners’ and operators’ operations will be subject to various laws, regulations and guidelines. The Company will endeavour to and cause its counterparties to comply with all relevant laws, regulations and guidelines. However, there is a risk that the Company’s and its counterparties’ interpretation of laws, regulations and guidelines, including applicable stock exchange rules and regulations, may differ from those of others, and the Company’s and its counterparties’ operations may not be in compliance with such laws, regulations and guidelines. In addition, achievement of the Company’s business objectives is contingent, in part, upon compliance with regulatory requirements enacted by governmental authorities and, where necessary, obtaining regulatory approvals. The impact of regulatory compliance regimes, any delays in obtaining, or failure to obtain regulatory approvals required by the Company or its counterparties may significantly delay or impact the development of the Company’s business and operations, and could have a material adverse effect on the business, results of operations and financial condition of the Company. Any potential non-compliance could cause the business, financial condition and results of the operations of the Company to be adversely affected. Further, any amendment to the applicable rules and regulations governing the activities of the Company and its counterparties may cause adverse effects to the Company’s operations.

 

17 

 

 

Vox Royalty Corp.

Management Discussion & Analysis

For the three months ended March 31, 2022

 

The introduction of new tax laws, regulations or rules, or changes to, or differing interpretation of, or application of, existing tax laws, regulations or rules in any of the countries in which the Company may operate could result in an increase in the Company’s taxes payable, or other governmental charges, duties or impositions. No assurance can be given that new tax laws, regulations or rules will not be enacted or that existing tax laws, regulations or rules will not be changed, interpreted or applied in a manner which could result in the Company’s profits being subject to additional taxation or which could otherwise have a material adverse effect on the Company.

 

Due to the complexity and nature of the Company’s operations, various tax matters may be outstanding from time to time. If the Company is unable to resolve any of these matters favourably, there may be a material adverse effect on the Company.

 

Anti-bribery and anti-corruption laws

 

The Company is subject to certain anti-bribery and anti-corruption laws, including the Corruption of Foreign Public Officials Act (Canada) and the Foreign Corruption Practices Act (United States). Failure to comply with these laws could subject the Company to, among other things, reputational damage, civil or criminal penalties, other remedial measures and legal expenses, which may have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, results of operations and financial condition. It may not be possible for the Company to ensure compliance with anti-bribery and anti-corruption laws in every jurisdiction in which its employees, agents or sub-contractors are located or may be located in the future.

 

In recent years, there has been a general increase in both the frequency of enforcement and the severity of penalties under anti-bribery and anti-corruption laws, resulting in greater scrutiny and punishment of companies convicted of violating such laws. Furthermore, a company may be found liable for violations by not only its employees, but also by its contractors and third-party agents. If the Company is the subject of an enforcement action or is otherwise in violation of such laws, it may result in significant penalties, fines and/or sanctions imposed on the Company, which may have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, results of operations and financial condition.

 

Rights of third-parties

 

Some royalty, stream and similar interests that are or may be held by the Company may be subject to buy-down right provisions, pursuant to which an operator may buy-back all or a portion of the stream or royalty; pre-emptive rights, pursuant to which parties have the right of first refusal or first offer with respect to a proposed sale or assignment of the stream or royalty; or claw back rights, pursuant to which the seller of a stream or royalty has the right to re-acquire the stream or royalty. The exercise of any such rights by the holders thereof may adversely affect the value of the applicable royalty, stream or similar interest of the Company.

 

Public health crises, including COVID-19 pandemic may significantly impact Vox

 

Vox’s business, operations and financial condition could be materially adversely affected by public health crises, including epidemics, pandemics and or other health crises, such as the outbreak of COVID-19. The current COVID-19 global health pandemic is significantly impacting the global economy and commodity and financial markets. The full extent and impact of the COVID-19 pandemic is unknown and to date has included extreme volatility in financial markets, a slowdown in economic activity, extreme volatility in commodity prices (including precious metals) and has raised the prospect of a global recession. The international response to COVID-19 has led to significant restrictions on travel, temporary business closures, quarantines, global stock market volatility and a general reduction in consumer activity, globally. Public health crises, such as the COVID-19 outbreak, can result in operating, supply chain and project development delays that can materially adversely affect the operations of third parties in which Vox has an interest. Mining operations in which Vox holds an interest could be suspended for precautionary purposes or as governments declare states of emergency or other actions are taken in an effort to combat the spread of COVID-19. If the operation or development of one or more of the properties in which Vox holds a royalty, stream or other interest and from which it receives or expects to receive significant revenue is suspended, it may have a material adverse impact on Vox’s profitability, results of operations, financial condition and the trading price of Vox’s securities. The risks to Vox’s business include without limitation, the risk of breach of material contracts and customer agreements, employee health, workforce productivity, increased insurance premiums, limitations on travel, the availability of industry experts and personnel, prolonged restrictive measures put in place in order to control an outbreak of contagious disease or other adverse public health developments globally and other factors that will depend on future developments beyond Vox’s control, which may have a material and adverse effect on Vox’s business, financial condition and results of operations. In addition, Vox may experience business interruptions as a result of suspended or reduced operations at the mines in which Vox has an interest, relating to the COVID-19 outbreak or such other events that are beyond the control of Vox, which could in turn have a material adverse impact on Vox’s business, operating results, financial condition and the market for its securities. As at the date of this MD&A, the duration of any business disruptions and related financial impact of the COVID-19 outbreak cannot be reasonably estimated. It is unknown whether and how Vox may be affected if such pandemic, such as the COVID-19 outbreak, persists for an extended period of time.

 

18 

 

  

Vox Royalty Corp.

Management Discussion & Analysis

For the three months ended March 31, 2022

 

Liquidity concerns and future financing requirements

 

The Company has a limited source of operating revenue and may require additional financing in order to fund its business plan. The Company’s ability to arrange such financing in the future will depend, in part, on prevailing capital market conditions, as well as its business success. There can be no assurance that the Company will be successful in any efforts to arrange additional financing on terms satisfactory to it, or at all. If additional financing is raised by the issuance of Company shares or securities exchangeable for or convertible into Company shares, control of the Company may change, and investors may suffer additional dilution. If adequate funds are not available, or are not available on acceptable terms, the Company may not be able to operate its business at its maximum potential, to expand, to take advantage of other opportunities, or to otherwise remain in business.

 

In the event that the Company is unable to secure necessary financing in the future, it may be forced to liquidate some or all of its assets, including its investments in other publicly traded issuers. In such event, there is no certainty that such sales would yield sufficient proceeds and such sales could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, results of operations and financial condition.

 

Risks related to foreign jurisdictions and emerging markets

 

The majority of the properties on which Vox holds royalties or streams are located outside of Canada. The exploration, development and production of minerals from, or the continued operation of, these properties by their owners and operators are subject to the risks normally associated with conducting business in foreign countries. These risks include, depending on the country, nationalization and expropriation, social unrest and political instability, less developed legal and regulatory systems, uncertainties in perfecting mineral titles, trade barriers, exchange controls and material changes in taxation. These risks may, among other things, limit or disrupt the ownership, development or operation of properties, mines or projects in respect of which the royalties or streams that may be held by the Company, restrict the movement of funds, or result in the deprivation of contractual rights or the taking of property by nationalization or expropriation without fair compensation.

 

The Company’s plan is to apply various methods, including utilizing the data it will have available from the MRO database, where practicable, to identify, assess and, where possible, mitigate these risks prior to entering into agreements to acquire royalties or streams. Such methods generally include conducting due diligence on the political, social, legal and regulatory systems and on the ownership, title and regulatory compliance of the properties subject to the royalties, streams or similar interests; engaging experienced local counsel and other advisors in the applicable jurisdiction; and negotiating where possible so that the applicable acquisition agreement contains appropriate protections, representations and/or warranties, in each case as the Company deems necessary or appropriate in the circumstances, all applied on a risk-adjusted basis. Notwithstanding all of the foregoing, there can be no assurance, however, that the Company will be able to identify or mitigate all risks relating to holding royalties, streams or similar interests in respect of properties, mines and projects located in foreign jurisdictions (including emerging markets), and the occurrence of any of the factors and uncertainties described above could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, results of operations and financial condition.

 

Foreign currency risks

 

While the Company reports its financial results in United States dollars, the Company’s investments are in other currencies and many of its royalty interests are denominated and payable in other currencies. Accordingly, the Company is exposed to foreign currency fluctuations. The Company does not currently enter into any derivative contracts to reduce this exposure.

 

Operating history

 

Vox has a limited business history. While members of Vox’s management team and the Company’s Board of Directors have significant expertise within the natural resource and finance sectors, Vox itself has a limited history of operations in the royalty and streaming industry, and there can be no assurance that the business will be successful or profitable or the Company will be able to successfully execute its proposed business model and growth strategy. If the Company is unable to execute its business model and growth strategy, it may have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, results of operations and financial condition.

 

Competition

 

There is potential that the Company and its counterparties will face competition from other companies, some of which can be expected to have longer operating histories and greater financial resources. The Company may be at a competitive disadvantage in acquiring additional interests, whether by way of royalty, stream or other form of investment, against these competitors. There can be no assurance that the Company will be able to compete successfully against other companies in acquiring additional royalties, streams or similar interests. In addition, the Company may be unable to acquire royalties, streams or similar interests at acceptable valuations, which may have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, results of operations and financial condition.

 

Key employee attraction and retention

 

The Company’s success is highly dependent on the retention of key personnel who possess specialized expertise and are well versed in the natural resource and finance sectors. The availability of persons with the necessary skills to execute the Company’s business strategy is very limited and competition for such persons is intense. As the Company’s business activity grows, additional key financial and administrative personnel, as well as additional staff, may be required. Although the Company believes it will be successful in attracting, training and retaining qualified personnel, there can be no assurance of such success. If the Company is not successful in attracting, training and retaining qualified personnel, the efficiency of its operations may be affected.

 

19 

 

 

Vox Royalty Corp.

Management Discussion & Analysis

For the three months ended March 31, 2022

 

Conflicts of interest

 

The Company may be subject to various potential conflicts of interest because of the fact that some of its officers, directors and consultants may be engaged in a range of business activities, including certain officers, directors and consultants that provide services to other companies involved in natural resources investment, exploration, development and production. The Company’s executive officers, directors and consultants may devote time to their outside business interests, so long as such activities do not materially or adversely interfere with their duties to the Company. In some cases, the Company’s executive officers, directors and consultants may have fiduciary obligations associated with these business interests that interfere with their ability to devote time to the Company’s business and affairs and that could adversely affect the Company’s operations. These business interests could require significant time and attention of the Company’s executive officers, directors and consultants.

 

In addition, the Company may also become involved in other transactions which conflict with the interests of its directors, officers and consultants who may from time to time deal with persons, firms, institutions or corporations with which the Company may be dealing, or which may be seeking investments similar to those desired by it. The interests of these persons could conflict with those of the Company. In addition, from time to time, these persons may be competing with the Company for available investment opportunities. Conflicts of interest, if any, will be subject to the procedures and remedies provided under applicable laws. In particular, in the event that such a conflict of interest arises at a meeting of the Company’s directors, a director who has such a conflict will abstain from voting for or against the approval of such participation or such terms. In accordance with applicable laws, the directors of the Company are required to act honestly, in good faith and in the best interests of the Company.

 

Litigation risks

 

The Company may become party to legal claims or disputes with royalty payors arising in the ordinary course of business. There can be no assurance that any such legal claims or disputes will not result in significant costs to the Company and difficulties enforcing its contractual rights. In addition, potential litigation may arise on a property underlying the royalties or streams that are or may be held by the Company. As a royalty or stream holder, the Company will not generally have any influence on the litigation and will not generally have any access to data. Any such litigation that inhibits the exploration, development and production of minerals from, or the continued operation of, a property underlying the royalties or streams that are or may be held by the Company could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, results of operations and financial condition.

 

Dividend policy

 

The declaration, timing, amount and payment of dividends are at the discretion of the Company Board and will depend upon the Company’s future earnings, cash flows, acquisition capital requirements and financial condition, and other relevant factors. There can be no assurance that the Company will declare a dividend on a quarterly, annual or other basis.

 

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Vox Royalty Corp.

Management Discussion & Analysis

For the three months ended March 31, 2022

 

Forward-Looking Information

 

Certain statements contained in this MD&A may be deemed “forward looking information” or “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of applicable Canadian and U.S. securities laws. All statements in this MD&A, other than statements of historical fact, that address future events, developments or performance that Vox expects to occur including management’s expectations regarding Vox’s growth, results of operations, estimated future revenues, carrying value of assets, requirements for additional capital, mineral reserve and mineral resource estimates, production estimates, production costs and revenue estimates, future demand for and prices of commodities, business prospects and opportunities and outlook on commodities and currency markets are forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements are statements that are not historical facts and are generally, but not always, identified by the words “expects”, “plans”, “anticipates”, “believes”, “intends”, “estimates”, “projects”, “potential”, “scheduled” and similar expressions or variations (including negative variations), or that events or conditions “will”, “would”, “may”, “could” or “should” occur including, without limitation, the performance of the assets of Vox, the realization of the anticipated benefits deriving from Vox’s investments and transactions, the expected developments at the assets underlying Vox’s royalties and streams and Vox’s ability to seize future opportunities. Although Vox believes the expectations expressed in such forward-looking statements are based on reasonable assumptions, such statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors, most of which are beyond the control of Vox, and are not guarantees of future performance and actual results may accordingly differ materially from those in forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause the actual results to differ materially from those in forward-looking statements include, without limitation: fluctuations in the prices of the commodities that drive royalties, streams, offtakes and investments held by Vox; fluctuations in the value of the U.S. dollar relative to other currencies; regulatory changes by national and local governments, including permitting and licensing regimes and taxation policies; regulations and political or economic developments in any of the countries where properties in which Vox holds a royalty, stream or other interest are located or through which they are held; geopolitical events and other uncertainties, such as the conflict between Russia and Ukraine; risks related to the operators of the properties in which Vox holds a royalty, stream or other interests; the unfavorable outcome of litigation relating to any of the properties in which Vox holds a royalty, stream or other interests; business opportunities that become available to, or are pursued by Vox; continued availability of capital and financing and general economic, market or business conditions; litigation; title, permit or license disputes related to interests on any of the properties in which Vox holds a royalty, stream or other interest; development, permitting, infrastructure, operating or technical difficulties on any of the properties in which Vox holds a royalty, stream or other interest; rate and timing of production differences from resource estimates or production forecasts by operators of properties in which Vox holds a royalty, stream or other interest; risks and hazards associated with the business of exploring, development and mining on any of the properties in which Vox holds a royalty, stream or other interest, including, but not limited to unusual or unexpected geological and metallurgical conditions, slope failures or cave-ins, flooding and other natural disasters or civil unrest or other uninsured risks, and the integration of acquired assets. The forward-looking statements contained in this MD&A are based upon assumptions management believes to be reasonable, including, without limitation: the ongoing operation of the properties in which Vox holds a royalty, stream or other interest by the owners or operators of such properties in a manner consistent with past practice; the accuracy of public statements and disclosures made by the owners or operators of such underlying properties; no material adverse change in the market price of the commodities that underlie the asset portfolio; no adverse development in respect of any significant property in which Vox holds a royalty, stream or other interest; the accuracy of publicly disclosed expectations for the development of underlying properties that are not yet in production; integration of acquired assets; and the absence of any other factors that could cause actions, events or results to differ from those anticipated, estimated or intended. Vox cautions that the foregoing list of risk and uncertainties is not exhaustive. Investors and others should carefully consider the above factors as well as the uncertainties they represent and the risk they entail. Vox believes that the assumptions reflected in those forward-looking statements are reasonable, but no assurance can be given that these expectations will prove to be correct and such forward-looking statements included in this MD&A should not be unduly relied upon. These statements speak only as of the date of this MD&A. Vox undertakes no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, other than as required by applicable law.

 

Third-Party Market and Technical Information

 

This MD&A includes market information, industry data and forecasts obtained from independent industry publications, market research and analyst reports, surveys and other publicly available sources. Although the Company believes these sources to be generally reliable, market and industry data is subject to interpretation and cannot be verified with complete certainty due to limits on the availability and reliability of raw data, the voluntary nature of the data gathering process and other limitations and uncertainties inherent in any statistical survey. Accordingly, the accuracy and completeness of this data is not guaranteed. Actual outcomes may vary materially from those forecast in such reports, surveys or publications, and the prospect for material variation can be expected to increase as the length of the forecast period increases. The Company has not independently verified any of the data from third party sources referred to herein nor ascertained the underlying assumptions relied on by such sources.

 

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