0001493152-24-023710.txt : 20240613 0001493152-24-023710.hdr.sgml : 20240613 20240613165601 ACCESSION NUMBER: 0001493152-24-023710 CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE: 10-K/A PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT: 66 CONFORMED PERIOD OF REPORT: 20231031 FILED AS OF DATE: 20240613 DATE AS OF CHANGE: 20240613 FILER: COMPANY DATA: COMPANY CONFORMED NAME: Trio Petroleum Corp. CENTRAL INDEX KEY: 0001898766 STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION: CRUDE PETROLEUM & NATURAL GAS [1311] ORGANIZATION NAME: 01 Energy & Transportation IRS NUMBER: 871968201 STATE OF INCORPORATION: DE FISCAL YEAR END: 1031 FILING VALUES: FORM TYPE: 10-K/A SEC ACT: 1934 Act SEC FILE NUMBER: 001-41643 FILM NUMBER: 241041975 BUSINESS ADDRESS: STREET 1: 5401 BUSINESS PARK, SUITE 115 CITY: BAKERSFIELD STATE: CA ZIP: 93309 BUSINESS PHONE: (44)7581-192-515 MAIL ADDRESS: STREET 1: 5401 BUSINESS PARK, SUITE 115 CITY: BAKERSFIELD STATE: CA ZIP: 93309 10-K/A 1 form10-ka.htm
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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON D.C. 20549

 

FORM 10-K/A

(Amendment No. 1)

 

ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

 

For the Fiscal Year Ended October 31, 2023

 

OR

 

TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

 

For the transition period from _______ to ________.

 

Commission file number: 001-41643

 

TRIO PETROLEUM CORP.

(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)

 

Delaware   87-1968201

(State or other jurisdiction of

incorporation or organization)

 

(I.R.S. Employer

Identification No.)

     

5401 Business Park South, Suite 115

Bakersfield, CA

  93309
(Address of principal executive offices)   (Zip Code)

 

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (661) 324-3911

 

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

 

Title of each class   Trading Symbol(s)   Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, par value $0.0001 per share   TPET   NYSE American LLC

 

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. ☐ Yes ☒ No

 

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. ☐ Yes ☒ No

 

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. ☒ Yes ☐ No

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). ☒ Yes ☐ No

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of large accelerated filer, accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, and emerging growth company in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

 

Large Accelerated Filer   Accelerated Filer
Non-Accelerated Filer   Smaller Reporting Company
      Emerging Growth Company

 

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report.

 

If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark, whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements.

 

Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant’s executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to §240.10D-1(b). ☐

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). ☐ Yes No

 

The aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting common equity held by non-affiliates computed by reference to the price at which the common equity was last sold, or the average bid and asked price of such common equity, as of the last business day of the registrant’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter, April 30, 2023, was $26,020,517.

 

As of January 22, 2024, there were 31,898,294 shares of the registrant’s common stock outstanding.

 

 

 

 
 

 

EXPLANATORY NOTE

 

This amendment (the “Amendment”) is being filed to reissue the financial statements of Trio Petroleum Corp. (the “Company”), including the notes to the financial statements, for the years ended October 31, 2023 and 2022, contained in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended October 31, 2023, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on January 29, 2024 (“Form 10-K), in order to replace the Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm of BF Borgers CPA PC (“Borgers”), included in the Form 10-K, with the Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm from Bush & Associates CPA LLC (“Bush”), included in this Amendment.

 

Additionally, the Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm provided by Borgers and filed as Exhibit 23.1 to the Form 10-K is also being replaced by the Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm provided by Bush and filed as Exhibit 23.1 to this Amendment.

 

The Company’s Principal Executive and Principal Financial Officer has provided new certifications dated as of the date of this filing in connection with this Amendment (Exhibits 31.1, 31.2, 32.1 and 32.2).

 

Except as described above, no other portion of the Form 10-K is being amended and this Amendment does not reflect any events occurring after the filing of the Form 10-K.

 

 
 

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

PART IV  
     
ITEM 15. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SCHEDULES 1

 

 
 

 

PART IV

 

ITEM 15. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SCHEDULES.

 

Exhibit

No.

  Description
3.1   Certificate of Incorporation of Trio Petroleum Corp. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 of the Company’s Form S-1 (File No. 333-267380), filed with the Commission on September 12, 2022, as amended).
3.2   Amended & Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Trio Petroleum Corp (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 of the Company’s Amendment No. 4 to Form S-1 (File No. 333-267380), filed with the Commission on January 5, 2023, as amended).
3.3   Bylaws of Trio Petroleum Corp. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.3 of the Company’s Form S-1 (File No. 333-267380), filed with the Commission on September 12, 2022, as amended).
3.4   Amended and Restated Bylaws of Trio Petroleum Corp. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.4 of the Company’s Amendment No. 4 to Form S-1 (File No. 333-267380), filed with the Commission on January 5, 2023, as amended).
4.1   Specimen Common Stock Certificate evidencing the shares of Common Stock (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 of the Company’s Form S-1 (File No. 333-267380), filed with the Commission on September 12, 2022, as amended).
4.2   Description of Securities of the Registrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 of the Company’s Form 10-K, filed with the Commission on January 29, 2024).
4.3   Senior Secured Original Issue 7% Discount Convertible Promissory Note (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 of the Company’s Form 8-K, filed with the Commission on October 4, 2023).
4.4   Common Stock Purchase Warrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 of the Company’s Form 8-K, filed with the Commission on October 4, 2023).
4.5   Placement Agent Warrant Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.4 of the Company’s Form S-1/A (File No. 333-275313), filed with the Commission on November 3, 2023, as amended
4.6   Trio Petroleum Corp. Senior Secured Original Issue 7% Discount Convertible Promissory Note with an original issue date of January 2, 2024 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 of the Company’s Form 8-K, filed with the Commission on January 2, 2024).
4.7   Trio Petroleum Corp. Common Stock Purchase Warrant dated January 2, 2024 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 of the Company’s Form 8-K, filed with the Commission on January 2, 2024).
4.8   Trio Petroleum Corp. Placement Agent Warrant Agreement - Common Stock Purchase Warrant dated January 2, 2024 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.3 of the Company’s Form 8-K , filed with the Commission on January 2, 2024).
10.1   Bid Proposal and Daywork Drilling Contract - U.S., by and Between Trio Petroleum LLC and Ensign United States Drilling (California) Inc., dated April 19, 2023 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Company’s current report on Form 8-K, filed with the Commission on April 25, 2023)
10.2   Form of Indemnification Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Company’s Form S-1 (File No. 333-267380), filed with the Commission on September 12, 2022, as amended).
10.3†   2022 Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 of the Company’s Form S-1 (File No. 333-267380), filed with the Commission on September 12, 2022, as amended).
10.4†   Employment Agreement with Frank C. Ingriselli (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 of the Company’s Form S-1 (File No. 333-267380), filed with the Commission on September 12, 2022, as amended).
10.5†   Employment Agreement with Greg Overholtzer (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 of the Company’s Form S-1 (File No. 333-267380), filed with the Commission on September 12, 2022, as amended).
10.6   Purchase and Sale Agreement with Trio Petroleum LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 of the Company’s Form S-1 (File No. 333-267380), filed with the Commission on September 12, 2022, as amended).

 

1
 

 

10.7   First Amendment to Purchase and Sale Agreement with Trio Petroleum LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.6 of the Company’s Form S-1 (File No. 333-267380), filed with the Commission on September 12, 2022, as amended).
10.8   Second Amendment to Purchase and Sale Agreement with Trio Petroleum LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.7 of the Company’s Form S-1 (File No. 333-267380), filed with the Commission on September 12, 2022, as amended).
10.9   Third Amendment to Purchase and Sale Agreement with Trio Petroleum LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.8 of the Company’s Form S-1 (File No. 333-267380), filed with the Commission on September 12, 2022, as amended).
10.10   Fourth Amendment to Purchase and Sale Agreement with Trio Petroleum LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.9 of the Company’s Amendment No. 1 to Form S-1 (File No. 333-267380), filed with the Commission on January 5, 2023, as amended).
10.11   Blue Lease with Bradley Minerals (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.10 of the Company’s Form S-1 (File No. 333-267380), filed with the Commission on September 12, 2022, as amended).
10.12   First Amendment to Blue Lease with Bradley Minerals (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.11 of the Company’s Form S-1 (File No. 333-267380), filed with the Commission on September 12, 2022, as amended).
10.13   Red Lease with Bradley Minerals (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.11 of the Company’s Form S-1 (File No. 333-267380), filed with the Commission on September 12, 2022, as amended).
10.14   First Amendment to Red Lease with Bradley Minerals (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.12 of the Company’s Form S-1 (File No. 333-267380), filed with the Commission on September 12, 2022, as amended).
10.15   Second Amendment to Red Lease with Bradley Minerals (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.13 of the Company’s Form S-1 (File No. 333-267380), filed with the Commission on September 12, 2022, as amended).
10.16   Third Amendment to Red Lease with Bradley Minerals (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.14 of the Company’s Form S-1 (File No. 333-267380), filed with the Commission on September 12, 2022, as amended).
10.17   Fourth Amendment to Red Lease with Bradley Minerals (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.15 of the Company’s Form S-1 (File No. 333-267380), filed with the Commission on September 12, 2022, as amended).
10.18   Fifth Amendment to Red Lease with Bradley Minerals (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.16 of the Company’s Form S-1 (File No. 333-267380), filed with the Commission on September 12, 2022, as amended).
10.19   Securities Purchase Agreement with GenCap Fund I LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.17 of the Company’s Amendment No. 2 to Form S-1 (File No. 333-267380), filed with the Commission on November 18, 2022, as amended).
10.20   Convertible Promissory Note (included in Exhibit 10.19).
10.21   Warrant Agreement with GenCap Fund I LLC (included in Exhibit 10.19).
10.22   Security Agreement with GenCap Fund I LLC (included in Exhibit 10.19).
10.23   Registration Rights Agreement with GenCap Fund I LLC (included in Exhibit 10.19
10.24   September 2022 Securities Purchase Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.23 of the Company’s Amendment No. 2 to Form S-1 (File No. 333-267380), filed with the Commission on November 18, 2022, as amended).
10.25   Original Issue Discount Note (included in Exhibit 10.24).
10.26   Pre-Funded Warrant (included in Exhibit 10.24).
10.27   Registration Rights Agreement (included in Exhibit 10.24).
10.28   Joint Operating Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.27 of the Company’s Amendment No. 2 to Form S-1 (File No. 333-267380), filed with the Commission on November 18, 2022, as amended).
10.29   December 2022 Subscription Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.28 of the Company’s Amendment No. 5 to Form S-1 (File No. 333-267380), filed with the Commission on January 20, 2023, as amended).

 

2
 

 

10.30   December 2022 Warrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.29 of the Company’s Amendment No. 5 to Form S-1 (File No. 333-267380), filed with the Commission on January 20, 2023, as amended).
10.31   First Amendment to Convertible Promissory Note with GenCap Fund I LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.30 of the Company’s Amendment No. 6 to Form S-1 (File No. 333-267380), filed with the Commission on February 6, 2023, as amended).
10.32   Second Amendment to Convertible Promissory Note with GenCap Fund I LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.31 of the Company’s Amendment No. 7 to Form S-1 (File No. 333-267380), filed with the Commission on February 28, 2023, as amended).
10.33   Extension Letter for Note Payable with Trio Petroleum LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.32 of the Company’s Amendment No. 7 to Form S-1 (File No. 333-267380), filed with the Commission on February 28, 2023, as amended).
10.34   Third Amendment to Convertible Promissory Note with GenCap Fund I LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.33 of the Company’s Amendment No. 8 to Form S-1 (File No. 333-267380), filed with the Commission on March 17, 2023, as amended).
10.35   Second Extension Letter for Note Payable with Trio Petroleum LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.34 of the Company’s Amendment No. 8 to Form S-1 (File No. 333-267380), filed with the Commission on March 17, 2023, as amended).
10.36   Extension Letter for Original Issue Discount Note (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.35 of the Company’s Amendment No. 8 to Form S-1 (File No. 333-267380), filed with the Commission on March 17, 2023, as amended).
10.37†   Form of Employment Agreement with Stanford Eschner (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.31 of the Company’s Amendment No. 6 to Form S-1 (File No. 333-267380), filed with the Commission on February 6, 2023, as amended).
10.38†   Form of Employment Agreement with Terence Eschner (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.32 of the Company’s Amendment No. 6 to Form S-1 (File No. 333-267380), filed with the Commission on February 6, 2023, as amended).
10.39†   Form of Employment Agreement with Steven Rowlee (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.33 of the Company’s Amendment No. 6 to Form S-1 (File No. 333-267380), filed with the Commission on February 6, 2023, as amended).
10.40   Underwriting Agreement, dated April 17, 2023 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Company’s Form 8-K, filed with the Commission on April 20, 2023).
10.41   Security Agreement, dated as of October 4, 2023, by and between the Investor and Trio Petroleum Corp. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Company’s Form 8-K, filed with the Commission on October 4, 2023).
10.42   Securities Purchase Agreement, dated as of October 4, 2023, by and between the Investor and Trio Petroleum Corp (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 of the Company’s Form 8-K, filed with the Commission on October 4, 2023).
10.43   Mortgage, Deed of Trust, Assignment of Production, Security Agreement and Financing Statement, dated as of October 4, 2023, from Trio Petroleum Corp. to Fidelity National Corporation in trust for the benefit of the Investor (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 of the Company’s Form 8-K, filed with the Commission on October 4, 2023).
10.44   Placement Agent Agreement, dated as of May 22, 2023, by and between Spartan Capital Securities LLC and Trio Petroleum Corp. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 of the Company’s Form 8-K, filed with the Commission on October 4, 2023)
10.45   Registration Rights Agreement, Dated October 4, 2023, by and between the Investor and Trio Petroleum Corp. (incorporated by reference to the Company’s Form 8-K, filed with the Commission on October 4, 2023).
10.46   Voting Agreement entered into by the Company and Frank C. Ingriselli (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.6 of the Company’s Form 8-K, filed with the Commission on October 4, 2023).
10.47   Leasehold Acquisition and Development Agreement, dated November 10, 2023, entered into by and between Trio Petroleum Corp. and Heavy Sweet Oil LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Company’s Form 8-K, filed with the Commission on January 5, 2024).
10.48   Amendment to Leasehold Acquisition and Development Agreement, dated December 29, 2023, entered into by and between Trio Petroleum Corp. and Heavy Sweet Oil LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 of the Company’s Form 8-K, filed with the Commission on January 5, 2024).
16.1   Letter from Marcum LLP to the Securities Exchange Commission (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 16.1 of the Company’s Amendment No. 6 to Form S-1 (File No. 333-267380), filed with the Commission on February 6, 2023, as amended).
19.1   Insider Trading Compliance Policy Manual adopted November 27, 2023 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 19.1 of the Company’s Form 10-K, filed with the Commission on January 29, 2024).
23.1*   Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm.
23.2   Consent of KLS Petroleum Consulting LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 of the Company’s Form 10-K, filed with the Commission on January 29, 2024).
24   Power of Attorney (included on signature page to the Form (incorporated by reference to the Company’s Form 10-K, filed with the Commission on January 29, 2024).
31.1*   Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) of the Exchange Act, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31.2*   Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) of the Exchange Act, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.1**   Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.2**   Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
97   Executive Compensation Clawback Policy effective November 27, 2023 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 of the Company’s Form 10-K, filed with the Commission on January 29, 2024).
101.INS*   Inline XBRL Instance Document.
101.SCH*   Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL*   Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.LAB*   Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE*   Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
101.DEF*   Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
104   Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)

 

* Filed herewith.
** Furnished, not filed
Includes management contracts and compensation plans and arrangements

 

3
 

 

SIGNATURES

 

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

 

TRIO PETROLEUM CORP.  
   
By: /s/ Michael L. Peterson  
  Michael L. Peterson  
  Chief Executive Officer  
  (Principal Executive Officer)  
   
  Date: June 13, 2024  

 

By: /s/ Greg Overholtzer  
  Greg Overholtzer  
  Chief Financial Officer  
 

(Principal Financial Officer and

Principal Accounting Officer)

 
   
  Date: June 13, 2024  

 

 

4
 

 

SIGNATURES

 

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities held on the dates indicated.

 

 

Signature   Title   Date
         
/s/ Michael L. Peterson   Chief Executive Officer and Director    
Michael L. Peterson   (principal executive officer)   June 13, 2024
         
/s/ Greg Overholtzer   Chief Financial Officer    
Greg Overholtzer   (principal financial officer and principal accounting officer)   June 13, 2024
         
*   Executive Chairman and Director    
Stan Eschner       June 13, 2024
         
*   President    
Terry Eschner       June 13, 2024
         
*   Chief Operating Officer    
Steven Rowlee       June 13, 2024
         
*   Director    
Frank Ingriselli       June 13, 2024
         
*   Director    
William J. Hunter       June 13, 2024
         
*   Director    
John Randall       June 13, 2024
         
*   Director    
Thomas J. Pernice       June 13, 2024

 

*By: /s/ Michael L. Peterson
  Michael L. Peterson  
  Attorney-in-fact  

 

5
 

 

TRIO PETROLEUM CORP.

Financial Statements for the Years Ended October 31, 2023 and 2022

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS   Page
     
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (PCAOB ID 5041)   F-2
     
Financial Statements:    
     
Balance Sheets as of October 31, 2023 and 2022   F-3
     
Statements of Operations for the Years Ended October 31, 2023 and 2022   F-4
     
Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity for the Years Ended October 31, 2023 and 2022   F-5
     
Statements of Cash Flows for the Years Ended October 31, 2023 and 2022   F-6
     
Notes to Financial Statements   F-7
     

 

F-1
 

 

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

 

To the Shareholders and the Board of Directors of

Trio Petroleum Corp.

 

OPINION ON THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

 

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheet of Trio Petroleum Corp. (the “Company”) as of October 31, 2023 and 2022, the related consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss, stockholders’ equity and cash flows for the years then ended, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “financial statements”). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of October 31, 2023 and 2022, the results of its operations and its cash flows for the years then ended in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

 

SUBSTANTIAL DOUBT ABOUT THE COMPANY’S ABILITY TO CONTINUE AS A GOING CONCERN

 

The accompanying financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern. As disclosed in Note 3 of the financial statements, the Company has suffered substantial net losses and negative cash flows from operations in recent years and is dependent on debt and equity financing to fund its operations, all of which raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. Management’s plans regarding these matters are disclosed in Note 3. The consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.

 

BASIS FOR OPINION

 

These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

 

We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits, we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.

 

Our audit included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

 

Critical Audit Matters

 

Critical audit matters are matters arising from the current period audit of the financial statements that were communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that (1) relate to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgements. We determined that there are no critical audit matters.

 

/s/ Bush & Associates CPA LLC

 

We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2024.

 

Henderson, Nevada

June 14, 2024

PCAOB ID Number 6797

 

F-2
 

 

TRIO PETROLEUM CORP.

BALANCE SHEETS

 

   October 31, 2023   October 31, 2022 
         
ASSETS          
Current assets:          
Cash  $1,561,924   $73,648 
Prepaid expenses and other receivables   133,417    35,000 
Deferred offering costs   -    1,643,881 
Total current assets   1,695,341    1,752,529 
           
Oil and gas properties - not subject to amortization   9,947,742    5,836,232 
Advance to operators   -    1,900,000 
Total assets  $11,643,083   $9,488,761 
           
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY          
Current liabilities:          
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities  $609,360   $1,164,055 
Asset retirement obligations - current   2,778    2,778 
Convertible note, net of discounts   1,217,597    - 
Due to operators   21,651    - 
Notes payable - investors, net of discounts   -    4,403,439 
Notes payable - related party, net of discounts   -    1,025,497 
Warrants liability   -    114,883 
Total current liabilities   1,851,386    6,710,652 
           
Long-term liabilities:          
Franchise tax accrual   -    9,450 
Asset retirement obligations, net of current portion   48,313    45,535 
Total Long-term liabilities   48,313    54,985 
Total liabilities   1,899,699    6,765,637 
           
Commitments and Contingencies (Note 7)   -    - 
           
Stockholders’ Equity:          
Preferred stock, $0.0001 par value; 10,000,000 shares authorized; -0- shares issued and outstanding at October 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively   -    - 
           
Common stock, $0.0001 par value; 490,000,000 shares authorized; 31,046,516 and 16,972,800 shares issued and outstanding as of October 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively   3,105    1,697 
Stock subscription receivable   (10,010)   (10,010)
Additional paid-in capital   20,197,171    6,633,893 
Accumulated deficit   (10,446,882)   (3,902,456)
Total stockholders’ equity   9,743,384    2,723,124 
           
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity  $11,643,083   $9,488,761 

 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.

 

F-3
 

 

TRIO PETROLEUM CORP.

STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

 

   2023   2022 
  

For the Years Ended

October 31,

 
   2023   2022 
         
Revenue  $-   $- 
           
Operating expenses:          
Exploration expense  $251,743   $28,669 
General and administrative expenses   3,311,886    768,379 
Stock-based compensation expense   1,044,261    6,202 
Accretion expense   2,778    2,778 
Total operating expenses   4,610,668    806,028 
           
Loss from operations   (4,610,668)   (806,028)
           
Other expenses:          
Interest expense   791,811    1,661,981 
Penalty fees   -    1,322,933 
Loss on settlement   13,051    - 
Loss on note conversion   1,125,000    - 
Licenses and fees   3,896    9,450 
Total other expenses   1,933,758    2,994,364 
           
Loss before income taxes   (6,544,426)   (3,800,392)
Provision for income taxes   -    - 
           
Net loss  $(6,544,426)  $(3,800,392)
           
Basic and Diluted Net Loss per Common Share          
Basic  $(0.28)  $(0.26)
Diluted  $(0.28)  $(0.26)
           
Weighted Average Number of Common Shares Outstanding          
Basic   23,079,750    14,797,786 
Diluted   23,079,750    14,797,786 

 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.

 

F-4
 

 

TRIO PETROLEUM CORP.

STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

 

   Shares   Amount   Receivable   Capital   Deficit   Equity 
           Stock   Additional       Total 
   Common Stock   Subscription   Paid-in   Accumulated   Stockholders’ 
   Shares   Amount   Receivable   Capital   Deficit   Equity 
Balance at November 1, 2022   16,972,800   $1,697   $(10,010)  $6,633,893   $(3,902,456)  $    2,723,124 
Issuance of common stock for cash, net   400,000    40    -    371,960    -    372,000 
Issuance of conversion shares related to the January 2022 SPA   5,038,902    504    -    5,164,371    -    5,164,875 
Issuance of commitment shares related to the January 2022 SPA   375,000    38    -    1,124,962    -    1,125,000 
Issuance of common shares in IPO, net of underwriting discounts and offering costs   2,000,000    200    -    3,342,426    -    3,342,626 
Issuance of pre-funded warrants   -    -    -    4,000    -    4,000 
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of warrants, net   2,449,466    245    -    1,812,390    -    1,812,635 
Issuance of common stock for services, net   285,500    29    -    366,630    -    366,659 
Issuance of restricted stock units under the Equity Incentive Plan   2,125,000    213    -    (213)   -    - 
Issuance of common stock for warrants that can be exercised per the Resale S-1/A   1,199,848    120    -    (120)   -    - 
Issuance of equity warrants in connection with convertible debt (Tranche #1)   -    -    -    332,630    -    332,630 
Stock-based compensation   200,000    19    -    1,044,242    -    1,044,261 
Net loss   -    -    -    -    (6,544,426)   (6,544,426)
Balance at October 31, 2023   31,046,516   $3,105   $(10,010)  $20,197,171   $(10,446,882)  $9,743,384 
                               
Balance at November 1, 2021   10,982,800   $1,098   $(50,545)  $4,202,021   $(102,064)  $4,050,510 
Issuance of founders’ shares   80,000    8    535    -    -    543 
Issuance of security interest shares to investors   4,500,000    450    -    1,322,483    -    1,322,933 
Issuance of common stock for cash, net   10,000    1    40,000    19,999    -    60,000 
Issuance of warrants in connection with investor financing   -    -    -    994,091    -    994,091 
Issuance of restricted stock units to outside directors   300,000    30    -    (30)   -    - 
Issuance of restricted shares to executives   1,100,000    110    -    (110)   -    - 
Interest imputed on note payable for acquisition of unproved oil and gas properties   -    -    -    89,237    -    89,237 
Stock-based compensation   -    -    -    6,202    -    6,202 
Net loss   -    -    -    -    (3,800,392)   (3,800,392)
Balance at October 31, 2022   16,972,800   $1,697   $(10,010)  $6,633,893   $(3,902,456)  $2,723,124 

 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.

 

F-5
 

 

TRIO PETROLEUM CORP.

STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

 

   2023   2022 
   For the Years Ended October 31, 
   2023   2022 
         
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:          
Net loss  $(6,544,426)  $(3,800,392)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:          
Franchise tax fees   (9,450)   9,450 
Bad debt expense   25,000    - 
Accretion expense   2,778    2,778 
Conversion of January 2022 SPA   1,125,000    - 
Debt discount - OID   (140,000)   - 
Amortization of debt discount   473,240    1,218,951 
Write-off of January 2022 SPA receivable   -    80,000 
Imputed interest   -    89,237 
Stock-based compensation   1,044,261    6,202 
Penalty fees   -    1,322,933 
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:          
Prepaid expenses and other receivables   (123,417)   (13,846)
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities   110,180    582,543 
Net cash used in operating activities   (4,036,834)   (502,144)
           
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:          
Other capital expenditures for unproved oil and gas properties   (362,022)   - 
Drilling costs for exploratory well   (3,749,488)   - 
Advances to operators   1,900,000    - 
Due to operators   21,651    - 
Net cash used in investing activities   (2,189,859)   - 
           
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:          
Proceeds from issuance of common stock, net   738,659    60,543 
Proceeds from notes payable - investors   -    4,820,000 
Repayment of notes payable   (1,472,512)   (2,920,000)
Proceeds from issuance of common stock in IPO   6,000,000    - 
Cash paid for debt issuance costs   (350,320)   (575,438)
Proceeds from exercise of warrants, net   1,812,635    - 
Cash paid for deferred offering costs   (1,013,493)   (888,190)
Proceeds from convertible note (Tranche #1)   2,000,000    - 
Net cash provided by financing activities   7,714,969    496,915 
           
NET CHANGE IN CASH   1,488,276    (5,229)
Cash - Beginning of period   73,648    78,877 
Cash - End of period  $1,561,924   $73,648 
           
Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information:          
Cash paid for interest  $-   $- 
Cash paid for income taxes  $-   $- 
           
SUPPLEMENTAL CASH FLOW INFORMATION:          
Non-cash investing and financing activities:          
Issuance of warrants  $332,630   $1,108,974 
Issuance of RSUs  $213   $30 
Issuance of common stock for warrants that can be exercised per the Resale S-1/A  $120   $- 
Issuance of pre-funded warrants  $4,000   $- 

 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.

 

F-6
 

 

TRIO PETROLEUM CORP.

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

FOR THE YEARS ENDED OCTOBER 31, 2023 AND 2022

 

NOTE 1 - NATURE OF THE ORGANIZATION AND BUSINESS

 

Company Organization

 

Trio Petroleum Corp. (“Trio Petroleum” or the “Company”) is an oil and gas exploration and development company headquartered in Bakersfield, California, with operations in Monterey County, California. The Company was incorporated on July 19, 2021, under the laws of Delaware to acquire, fund and develop oil exploration and production assets in California; it has no revenue-generating operations as of the date of this filing. The Company was formed to acquire Trio Petroleum LLC’s (“Trio LLC”) approximate 82.75% working interest, which was subsequently increased to an approximate 85.75% working interest, in the large, approximately 9,300-acre South Salinas Project located in Monterey, California, and subsequently partner with certain members of Trio LLC’s management team to develop and operate those assets. (see Note 5 and Note 6).

 

Acquisition of South Salinas Project

 

On September 14, 2021, the Company entered into a Purchase and Sale Agreement (“Trio LLC PSA”) with Trio LLC to acquire an 82.75% working interest in the South Salinas Project; the working interest included the purchased percentage of the South Salinas Project’s leases, wells and inventory in exchange for $300,000 cash, a non-interest-bearing note payable of $3,700,000 due to Trio LLC on December 17, 2021 (see Note 6 and Note 9) and 4,900,000 shares of the Company’s $0.0001 par value common stock (see Note 5 and Note 10). At the time of the acquisition, this share issuance constituted 45% of the total number of issued shares of the Company. The Company accounted for the purchase as an asset acquisition, as prescribed in Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 805 - Business Combinations. The assets and associated asset retirement obligations (“ARO”) were recorded based on relative fair value at the estimated fair value of the consideration paid (see Note 5). In April 2023, the Company purchased an additional 3% working interest in the South Salinas Project; see Note 5 for further information. As of October 31, 2023 and 2022, there were no proved reserves attributable to the approximate 9,300 acres of the property.

 

Initial Public Offering

 

The Company’s Registration Statement (Amendment No. 9) on Form S-1/A was filed with the SEC on March 24, 2023; its Initial Public Offering was declared effective on April 17, 2023 and closed on April 20, 2023 (collectively, the “Offering” or “IPO”). The Company sold 2,000,000 shares of its common stock for total gross proceeds of $6,000,000, which is described more fully in Note 4.

 

Emerging Growth Company

 

The Company is an “emerging growth company,” as defined in Section 2(a)(19) of the Securities Act, as modified by the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012 (the “JOBS Act”), and it may take advantage of certain exemptions from various reporting requirements that are applicable to other public companies that are not emerging growth companies including, but not limited to, not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in its periodic reports and proxy statements, and exemptions from the requirements of holding a nonbinding advisory vote on executive compensation and approval of any golden parachute payments not previously approved. Further, Section 102(b)(1) of the JOBS Act exempts emerging growth companies from being required to comply with new or revised financial accounting standards until private companies (that is, those that have not had a Securities Act registration statement declared effective or do not have a class of securities registered under the Exchange Act) are required to comply with the new or revised financial accounting standards. The JOBS Act provides that a company can elect to opt out of the extended transition period and comply with the requirements that apply to non-emerging growth companies but any such election to opt out is irrevocable. The Company has elected not to opt out of such extended transition period which means that when a standard is issued or revised and it has different application dates for public or private companies, the Company, as an emerging growth company, can adopt the new or revised standard at the time private companies adopt the new or revised standard. This may make comparison of the Company’s financial statements with another public company which is neither an emerging growth company nor an emerging growth company which has opted out of using the extended transition period difficult or impossible because of the potential differences in accounting standards used.

 

F-7
 

 

NOTE 2 - SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

 

Basis of Presentation

 

The accompanying financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“US GAAP”).

 

Use of Estimates

 

The preparation of financial statements in accordance with US GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, equity-based transaction and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the revenue and expenses during the reporting period.

 

Making estimates requires management to exercise significant judgment. It is at least reasonably possible that the estimate of the effect of a condition, situation or set of circumstances that existed at the date of the financial statement, which management considered in formulating its estimate, could change in the near term due to one or more future confirming events. Some of the more significant estimates required to be made by management include estimates of oil and natural gas reserves (when and if assigned) and related present value estimates of future net cash flows therefrom, the carrying value of oil and natural gas properties, accounts receivable, bad debt expense, ARO and the valuation of equity-based transactions. Accordingly, actual results could differ significantly from those estimates.

 

Cash and cash equivalents

 

The Company considers all short-term investments with an original maturity of three months or less when purchased to be cash equivalents. The Company had no cash equivalents as of October 31, 2023 and 2022.

 

Prepaid Expenses

 

Prepaid expenses consist primarily of prepaid services which will be expensed as the services are provided within twelve months. As of October 31, 2023 and 2022, the balances of the prepaids account were $133,417 and $35,000, respectively.

 

Deferred Offering Costs

 

Deferred offering costs consist of professional fees, filing, regulatory and other costs incurred through the balance sheet date that are directly related to the planned IPO (see Note 4). As of October 31, 2023 and 2022, offering costs in the aggregate of $0 and $1,643,881, respectively, were deferred.

 

Debt Issuance Costs

 

Costs incurred in connection with the issuance of the Company’s debt have been recorded as a direct reduction against the debt and amortized over the life of the associated debt as a component of interest expense. As of October 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company recorded $350,320 and $575,438 in debt issuance costs.

 

Oil and Gas Assets and Exploration Costs - Successful Efforts

 

The Company’s projects are in early development and/or exploration stages and it has not yet realized any revenues from its operations. It applies the successful efforts method of accounting for crude oil and natural gas properties. Under this method, exploration costs such as exploratory, geological, and geophysical costs, delay rentals and exploratory overhead are expensed as incurred. If an exploratory property provides evidence to justify potential development of reserves, drilling costs associated with the property are initially capitalized, or suspended, pending a determination as to whether a commercially sufficient quantity of proved reserves can be attributed to the area as a result of drilling. At the end of each quarter, management reviews the status of all suspended exploratory property costs considering ongoing exploration activities; in particular, whether the Company is making sufficient progress in its ongoing exploration and appraisal efforts. If management determines that future appraisal drilling or development activities are unlikely to occur, associated exploratory well costs are expensed.

 

Costs to acquire mineral interests in crude oil and/or natural gas properties, drill and equip exploratory wells that find proved reserves and drill and equip development wells are capitalized. Acquisition costs of unproved leaseholds are assessed for impairment during the holding period and transferred to proven crude oil and/or natural gas properties to the extent associated with successful exploration activities. Significant undeveloped leases are assessed individually for impairment, based on the Company’s current exploration plans, and a valuation allowance is provided if impairment is indicated. Capitalized costs from successful exploration and development activities associated with producing crude oil and/or natural gas leases, along with capitalized costs for support equipment and facilities, are amortized to expense using the unit-of-production method based on proved crude oil and/or natural gas reserves on a field-by-field basis, as estimated by qualified petroleum engineers. As of October 31, 2023 and 2022, all of the Company’s oil and gas properties were classified as unproved properties and were not subject to depreciation, depletion and amortization.

 

F-8
 

 

Unproved oil and natural gas properties

 

Unproved oil and natural gas properties consist of costs incurred to acquire unproved leases. Unproved lease acquisition costs are capitalized until the lease expires or when the Company specifically identifies a lease that will revert to the lessor, at which time it charges the associated unproved lease acquisition costs to exploration costs.

 

Unproved oil and natural gas properties are not subject to amortization and are assessed periodically for impairment on a property-by-property basis based on remaining lease terms, drilling results or future plans to develop acreage. All of the Company’s natural gas properties were classified as unproved as of October 31, 2023 and 2022; see further discussion in Note 5.

 

Impairment of Other Long-lived Assets

 

The Company reviews the carrying value of its long-lived assets annually or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the historical cost-carrying value of an asset may no longer be appropriate. The Company assesses the recoverability of the carrying value of the asset by estimating the future net undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the asset, including eventual disposition. If the future net undiscounted cash flows are less than the carrying value of the asset, an impairment loss is recorded equal to the difference between the asset’s carrying value and estimated fair value. With regards to oil and gas properties, this assessment applies to proved properties.

 

As of October 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company had no impairment of long-lived assets.

 

Asset Retirement Obligations

 

ARO consists of future plugging and abandonment expenses on oil and natural gas properties. In connection with the South Salinas Project acquisition described above, the Company acquired the plugging and abandonment liabilities associated with six non-producing wells. The fair value of the ARO was recorded as a liability in the period in which the wells were acquired with a corresponding increase in the carrying amount of oil and natural gas properties not subject to impairment. The Company plans to utilize the six wellbores acquired in the South Salinas Project acquisition in future exploration activities. The liability is accreted for the change in its present value each period based on the expected dates that the wellbores will be required to be plugged and abandoned. The capitalized cost of ARO is included in oil and gas properties and is a component of oil and gas property costs for purposes of impairment and, if proved reserves are found, such capitalized costs will be depreciated using the units-of-production method. The asset and liability are adjusted for changes resulting from revisions to the timing or the amount of the original estimate when deemed necessary. If the liability is settled for an amount other than the recorded amount, a gain or loss is recognized.

 

Components of the changes in ARO for the years ended October 31, 2022 and 2023 are shown below:

 

 

ARO, ending balance - October 31, 2021  $45,535 
Accretion expense   2,778 
ARO, ending balance - October 31, 2022   48,313 
Accretion expense   2,778 
ARO, ending balance - October 31, 2023   51,091 
Less: ARO - current   2,778 
ARO, net of current portion - October 31, 2023  $48,313 

 

F-9
 

 

Related Parties

 

Related parties are directly or indirectly related to the Company, through one or more intermediaries and are in control, controlled by, or under common control with the Company. Related parties also include principal owners of the Company, its management, members of the immediate families of principal owners of the Company and its management and other parties with which the Company may deal if one party controls or can significantly influence the management or operating policies of the other to an extent that one of the transacting parties might be prevented from fully pursuing its own separate interests. The Company discloses all related party transactions. On September 14, 2021, the Company acquired an 82.75% working interest (which was subsequently increased to an 85.75% working interest as of April 2023) in the South Salinas Project from Trio LLC in exchange for cash, a note payable to Trio LLC and the issuance of 4.9 million shares of common stock. As of the date of the acquisition, Trio LLC owned 45% of the outstanding shares of the Company and was considered a related party. As of October 31, 2023 and 2022, Trio LLC owned less than 1% and 29%, respectively, of the outstanding shares of the Company.

 

Income Taxes

 

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. Deferred tax assets, including tax loss and credit carry forwards, and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date.

 

The Company utilizes ASC 740, Income Taxes, which requires the recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been included in the financial statements or tax returns. The Company accounts for income taxes using the asset and liability method to compute the differences between the tax basis of assets and liabilities and the related financial amounts, using currently enacted tax rates. A valuation allowance is recorded when it is “more likely than not” that a deferred tax asset will not be realized. At October 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company’s net deferred tax asset has been fully reserved.

 

For uncertain tax positions that meet a “more likely than not” threshold, the Company recognizes the benefit of uncertain tax positions in the financial statements. The Company’s practice is to recognize interest and penalties, if any, related to uncertain tax positions in income tax expense in the statements of operations when a determination is made that such expense is likely. The Company is subject to income tax examinations by major taxing authorities since inception.

 

Fair Value Measurements

 

The carrying values of financial instruments comprising cash and cash equivalents, payables, and notes payable-related party approximate fair values due to the short-term maturities of these instruments. The notes payable- related party is considered a level 3 measurement. As defined in ASC 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures, fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date (exit price). The Company utilizes market data or assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability, including assumptions about risk and the risks inherent in the inputs to the valuation technique. These inputs can be readily observable, market corroborated, or generally unobservable. ASC 820 establishes a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs used to measure fair value. The hierarchy gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1 measurement) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3 measurement). This fair value measurement framework applies to both initial and subsequent measurement.

 

Level 1: Quoted prices are available in active markets for identical assets or liabilities as of the reporting date.
   
Level 2: Pricing inputs are other than quoted prices in active markets included in Level 1, which are either directly or indirectly observable as of the reported date. Level 2 includes those financial instruments that are valued using models or other valuation methodologies.
   
Level 3: Pricing inputs include significant inputs that are generally less observable from objective sources. These inputs may be used with internally developed methodologies that result in management’s best estimate of fair value. The significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement for nonrecurring fair value measurements of long-lived assets include pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies and similar techniques.

 

F-10
 

 

There are no assets or liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis. Assets and liabilities accounted for at fair value on a non-recurring basis in accordance with the fair value hierarchy include the initial allocation of the asset acquisition purchase price, including asset retirement obligations, the fair value of oil and natural gas properties and the assessment of impairment.

 

The fair value measurements and allocation of assets acquired are measured on a nonrecurring basis on the acquisition date using an income valuation technique based on inputs that are not observable in the market and therefore represent Level 3 inputs. Significant inputs used to determine the fair value include estimates of: (i) reserves; (ii) future commodity prices; (iii) operating and development costs; and (iv) a market-based weighted average cost of capital rate. The underlying commodity prices embedded in the Company’s estimated cash flows are the product of a process that begins with NYMEX forward curve pricing, adjusted for estimated location and quality differentials, as well as other factors that the Company’s management believes will impact realizable prices. These inputs require significant judgments and estimates by the Company’s management at the time of the valuation.

 

The fair value of additions to the asset retirement obligation liabilities is measured using valuation techniques consistent with the income approach, which converts future cash flows to a single discounted amount. Significant inputs to the valuation include: (i) estimated plug and abandonment cost per well for all oil and natural gas wells and for all disposal wells; (ii) estimated remaining life per well; (iii) future inflation factors; and (iv) the Company’s average credit-adjusted risk-free rate. These assumptions represent Level 3 inputs.

 

If the carrying amount of its proved oil and natural gas properties, which are assessed for impairment under ASC 360 - Property, Plant and Equipment, exceeds the estimated undiscounted future cash flows, the Company will adjust the carrying amount of the oil and natural gas properties to fair value. The fair value of its oil and natural gas properties is determined using valuation techniques consistent with the income and market approach. The factors used to determine fair value are subject to management’s judgment and expertise and include, but are not limited to, recent sales prices of comparable properties, the present value of future cash flows, net of estimated operating and development costs using estimates of proved reserves, future commodity pricing, future production estimates, anticipated capital expenditures, and various discount rates commensurate with the risk and current market conditions associated with the expected cash flow projected. These assumptions represent Level 3 inputs.

 

Net Loss Per Share

 

Basic and diluted net loss per share is computed by dividing net loss by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the reporting period. Diluted earnings per share is computed similar to basic loss per share, except the weighted average number of common shares outstanding are increased to include additional shares from the assumed exercise of share options, warrants and convertible notes, if dilutive.

 

The following common share equivalents are excluded from the calculation of weighted average common shares outstanding, because their inclusion would have been anti-dilutive (see Note 10):

 

 

  

As of October 31,

  

As of October 31,

 
   2023   2022 
Warrants (Note 9, Note 10)   396,247(4)   693,107(1)
Convertible Notes (Note 9, Note 10)   -    2,772,429(2)
Commitment Shares (Note 9, Note 10)   -    321,428(3)
Restricted stock units and shares (Note 6, Note 10)   -    1,400,000(5)
Total potentially dilutive securities   396,247    4,486,964 

 

(1) Balance includes warrants issued per the January 2022 Securities Purchase Agreement (“January 2022 SPA”) with GPL Ventures, LLC (“GPL”), which are exercisable into up to 50% of the number of shares of common stock issued upon full conversion of the Notes, with an exercise price equal to the conversion price.
(2) Upon IPO, the debt will convert into a variable number of shares; the number of conversion shares is equal to the outstanding principal amount divided by the conversion price, which is equal to the lesser of a) the IPO price or b) the opening price of the common stock on the first trading day after the IPO multiplied by the discount of 50%.
(3) The number of commitment shares to be issued is a variable number of shares for a fixed total dollar amount of $1,125,000, which is 25% of the aggregate Notes principal balance divided by the offering price of the IPO.
(4) Balance consists of potentially dilutive shares based on 1,766,702 outstanding, equity classified warrants.
(5) Balance consists of restricted stock units granted to five outside directors and restricted shares issued to executives.

 

F-11
 

 

Environmental Expenditures

 

The operations of the Company have been, and may in the future be, affected from time to time to varying degree by changes in environmental regulations, including those for future reclamation and site restoration costs. Both the likelihood of new regulations and their overall effect upon the Company vary greatly and are not predictable. The Company’s policy is to meet or, if possible, surpass standards set by relevant legislation by application of technically proven and economically feasible measures.

 

Environmental expenditures that relate to ongoing environmental and reclamation programs are charged against earnings as incurred or capitalized and amortized depending on their future economic benefits. All of these types of expenditures incurred since inception have been charged against earnings due to the uncertainty of their future recoverability. Estimated future reclamation and site restoration costs, when the ultimate liability is reasonably determinable, are charged against earnings over the estimated remaining life of the related business operation, net of expected recoveries.

 

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

 

All recently issued but not yet effective accounting pronouncements have been deemed to be not applicable or immaterial to the Company.

 

Reclassification of Expenses

 

Certain amounts in the prior periods presented have been reclassified to the current period financial statement presentation. This reclassification has no effect on previously reported net income.

 

Subsequent Events

 

The Company evaluated all events and transactions that occurred after October 31, 2023 through the date of the filing of this report. See Note 11 for such events and transactions.

 

NOTE 3 - GOING CONCERN AND MANAGEMENT’S LIQUIDITY PLANS

 

As of October 31, 2023, the Company had $1,561,924 in its operating bank account and working capital deficit of $156,045. To date, the Company has been funding operations through proceeds from the issuance of common stock, financing through certain investors and its IPO, which closed with net proceeds of $4,940,000. Upon consummation of the IPO, the Company used the net proceeds to i) repay a non-interest-bearing note payable in the amount of $1,032,512, and ii) repay a bridge note with three investors with a principal amount of $440,000 (see Notes 7 and 9). Additionally, on October 4, 2023, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement (“October 2023 SPA”) with an institutional investor for convertible note financing in an aggregate principal amount of up to $3.5 million under two tranches; on that same date, the investor funded the first tranche for approximately $1.9 million (net of original issue discount of 7%).

 

The accompanying financial statements have been prepared on the basis that the Company will continue as a going concern over the next twelve months from the date of issuance of these financial statements, which assumes the realization of assets and the satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business. As of October 31, 2023, the Company has an accumulated deficit of $10,446,882 and has experienced losses from continuing operations. Based on the Company’s cash balance as of October 31, 2023 and projected cash needs for the twelve months following the issuance of these financial statements, management estimates that it will need to generate sufficient sales revenue and/or raise additional capital to cover operating and capital requirements. Management will need to raise the additional funds by issuing additional shares of common stock or other equity securities or obtaining additional debt financing. Although management has been successful to date in raising necessary funding and obtaining financing through investors, there can be no assurance that any required future financing can be successfully completed on a timely basis, or on terms acceptable to the Company. Based on these circumstances, management has determined that these conditions raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern for the twelve months following the issuance of these financial statements.

 

Accordingly, the accompanying financial statements have been prepared in conformity with U.S. GAAP, which contemplates continuation of the Company as a going concern and the realization of assets and the satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business. The financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.

 

F-12
 

 

NOTE 4 - INITIAL PUBLIC OFFERING

 

The Company’s Registration Statement (Amendment No. 9) on Form S-1/A was filed with the SEC on March 24, 2023; its Initial Public Offering was declared effective on April 17, 2023 and closed on April 20, 2023 (collectively, the “Offering” or “IPO”). The Company sold 2,000,000 shares of common stock at a public offering price of $3.00 per share for gross proceeds of $6,000,000. After deducting the underwriting commissions, discounts and offering expenses payable by the Company, it received net proceeds of approximately $4,940,000. The Company’s common stock is listed on the NYSE American under the symbol TPET. The Company also issued warrants to purchase 100,000 shares of common stock to the underwriters at an exercise price of $3.30 per share (110% of public offering price), the cost of which was offset to additional paid-in capital upon IPO.

 

NOTE 5 - OIL AND NATURAL GAS PROPERTIES

 

The following tables summarize the Company’s oil and gas activities.

 

  

As of October 31,

  

As of October 31,

 
   2023   2022 
Oil and gas properties - not subject to amortization  $9,947,742   $5,836,232 
Accumulated impairment   -    - 
Oil and gas properties - not subject to amortization, net  $9,947,742   $5,836,232 

 

During the years ended October 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company incurred aggregate exploration costs of $251,743 and $28,669, respectively. For the current year, these expenses were exploratory, geological and geophysical costs and for the prior year, these costs were mainly for the purpose of the site surveys. All costs were expensed on the statement of operations during the applicable periods. For capitalized costs during the year ended October 31, 2023, the Company incurred $4,111,510, of which $4,011,510 and $100,000 pertained to the South Salinas Project and McCool Ranch Oil Field, respectively. Of the costs incurred during the current period for the South Salinas Project, $3,749,488 relates to the drilling of the HV-1 well and $262,022 relates to acquisition costs and the reserve analysis of the optioned assets (see Optioned Assets below, Note 6). The drilling, reserve analysis and acquisition costs were capitalized and are reflected in the balance of the oil and gas property as of October 31, 2023. During the year ended October 31, 2022, the Company paid a lessor a one-time, non-refundable payment of $252,512 to provide for an extension of the force majeure status of the property at that time; this amount was capitalized and reflected in the balance of the oil and gas property as of October 31, 2022.

 

Leases

 

As of October 31, 2023, the Company holds various leases related to the unproved properties of the South Salinas Project (see Note 6 and Note 7); two of the leases are held with the same lessor. The first lease, which covers 8,417 acres, was amended on May 27, 2022 to provide for an extension of then-current force majeure status for an additional, uncontested twelve months, during which the Company would be released from having to evidence to the lessor the existence of force majeure conditions. As consideration for the granting of the lease extension, the Company paid the lessor a one-time, non-refundable payment of $252,512; this amount was capitalized and reflected in the balance of the oil and gas property as of October 31, 2022. The extension period commenced on June 19, 2022; as of October 31, 2023, the “force majeure” status has been extinguished by the drilling of the HV-1 well, and the validity of the lease is maintained by the drilling of the well, which is in production testing.

 

The second lease covers 160 acres of the South Salinas Project; it is currently held by delay rental and is renewed every three years. Until drilling commences, the Company is required to make delay rental payments of $30/acre per year. The Company is currently in compliance with this requirement and has paid in advance the delay rental payment for the period from October 2022 through October 2023.

 

During February and March of 2023, the Company entered into additional leases related to the unproved properties of the South Salinas Project with two groups of lessors. The first group of leases covers 360 acres and has a term of 20 years; the Company is required to make rental payments of $25/acre per year. The Company is currently in compliance with this requirement and has paid in advance the rental payment for the period February 2023 through February 2024. The second group of leases covers 307.75 acres and has a term of 20 years; the Company is required to make rental payments of $30/acre per year. The Company is currently in compliance with this requirement and has paid in advance the rental payment for the period from March 2023 through March 2024.

 

As of October 31, 2023, the Company assessed the unproved properties of the South Salinas Project and those adjacent to it for impairment, analyzing future drilling plans, leasehold expiration and the existence of any known dry holes in the area. The Company did not record any impairment to the oil and gas property as of October 31, 2023, as all capitalized costs represent costs to acquire unproved property leases pending further development on the balance sheet. There is no depletion related to the oil and gas property as of October 31, 2023, as the Company does not currently have production and the acquired property is not subject to amortization as of that date.

 

F-13
 

 

Optioned Assets

 

On December 22, 2022, the Company and Trio LLC entered into the Fourth Amendment to the Trio LLC PSA (see Note 6). Per the terms of the Fourth Amendment, the Company was granted a 120-day option (commencing on January 1, 2023) to acquire any or all of the following three assets currently owned in part by Trio LLC (the “Optioned Assets”). The price for this option was $150,000, which was paid by the Company to Trio LLC in April 2023; this amount was capitalized and is reflected in the balance of the oil and gas property. The Optioned Assets are as follows:

 

  The McCool Ranch Oil Field (Hangman Hollow Area) asset with an option to acquire Trio LLC’s 44% working interest and their Operatorship;
  The Kern Front Field asset with an option to acquire Trio LLC’s 22% working interest and their Operatorship; and
  The Union Avenue Field with an option to acquire Trio LLC’s 20% working interest and their Operatorship;

 

The Optioned Assets are all located in California. In order to evaluate the Optioned Assets, the Company engaged KLS Petroleum Consulting, LLC (“KLSP”) to perform detailed analyses and estimations of the oil and gas reserves and of the fair market values of each of these three assets. These analyses have been completed, and as of October 31, 2023, the Company has paid approximately $39,000 to KLSP for the reserve analysis of the optioned assets; this amount has been capitalized and is reflected in the balance of the oil and gas properties on the balance sheet. Although 120-day option period has expired as of the fiscal year-end, the Company and Trio LLC are nevertheless continuing to work together cooperatively toward the goal of facilitating the Company’s acquisition of the other Optioned Assets.

 

Union Avenue Field Agreement

 

On May 12, 2023, the Company announced the signing of an Acquisition Agreement to potentially acquire up to 100% of the working interest in the Union Avenue Field. However, the Company and Trio LLC did not agree on terms and the transaction did not close.

 

McCool Ranch Oil Field Asset Purchase

 

On October 16, 2023, the Company entered into an agreement (“McCool Ranch Purchase Agreement”) with Trio LLC for purchase of a 21.918315% working interest in the McCool Ranch Oil Field located in Monterey County near the Company’s flagship South Salinas Project (see Note 6); the Assets are situated in what is known as the “Hangman Hollow Area” of the McCool Ranch Oil Field. The acquired property is an oil field developed with oil wells, a water-disposal well, steam generator, boiler, various tanks, in-field steam pipelines, oil pipelines and other facilities. The property is fully and properly permitted for oil and gas production, cyclic- steam injection and water disposal; however, it is currently idle (i.e., not producing), although operations to restart production have begun. The Company initially recorded a payment of $100,000 upon execution of the McCool Ranch Purchase Agreement, at which time Trio LLC began refurbishment operations with respect to the San Ardo WD-1 water disposal well (the “WD-1”) to determine if it is capable of reasonably serving the produced water needs for the assets, which Refurbishment was successfully accomplished. With Refurbishment successfully accomplished, the Company will pay an additional $400,000, which shall be used in restarting production operations on the assets. As of October 31, 2023, the Company has recorded the $100,000 payment as a capitalized cost; the balance is reflected in the balance of the oil and gas property as of year-end.

 

Additional Working Interest - South Salinas Project

 

In April 2023, the Company paid Trio LLC approximately $60,000 to acquire an additional 3.026471% working interest in the South Salinas Project, of which working interest amount is one-half (1/2) of the working interest that was acquired by Trio LLC; this amount was capitalized and is reflected in the balance of the oil and gas property (see Note 6).

 

F-14
 

 

NOTE 6 - RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

 

South Salinas Project - Related Party

 

The Company was originally formed to acquire Trio LLC’s working interest in the South Salinas Project, and subsequently partner with certain members of Trio LLC’s management to develop and operate those assets (see Note 1, Note 5). Trio LLC operates the South Salinas on behalf of the Company, and as operator, conducts and has full control of the operations and acts in the capacity of an independent contractor. Trio LLC currently holds a 3.8% working interest in the South Salinas Project and the Company holds an 85.75% working interest. The Company advances funds to Trio LLC to develop and operate the assets in the South Salinas Project; such funds have been classified in the long-term asset section of the balance sheet as Advance to Operators since April 2022, and as of October 31, 2023 and 2022, the balance of this account was $0 and $1,900,000, respectively.

 

Optioned Assets with Related Party

 

On December 22, 2022, the Company and Trio LLC entered into the Fourth Amendment to the Trio LLC PSA. Per the terms of the Fourth Amendment, the Company was granted a 120-day option (commencing on January 1, 2023) to acquire any or all of the following three assets currently owned in part by Trio LLC (the “Optioned Assets”). The price for this option was $150,000, which was paid by the Company to Trio LLC in April 2023; this amount was capitalized and is reflected in the balance of the oil and gas property. The Optioned Assets are as follows:

 

  The Hangman Hollow Field asset with an option to acquire Trio LLC’s 44% working interest and their Operatorship;
  The Kern Front Field asset with an option to acquire Trio LLC’s 22% working interest and their Operatorship; and
  The Union Avenue Field with an option to acquire Trio LLC’s 20% working interest and their Operatorship;

 

McCool Ranch Oil Field Asset Purchase - Related Party

 

On October 16, 2023, the Company entered into an agreement (“McCool Ranch Purchase Agreement”) with Trio LLC for purchase of a 21.918315% working interest in the McCool Ranch Oil Field located in Monterey County near the Company’s flagship South Salinas Project (see Note 6); the Assets are situated in what is known as the “Hangman Hollow Area” of the McCool Ranch Oil Field. The acquired property is an oil field developed with oil wells, a water-disposal well, steam generator, boiler, various tanks, in-field steam pipelines, oil pipelines and other facilities. The property is fully and properly permitted for oil and gas production, cyclic- steam injection and water disposal; however, it is currently idle (i.e., not producing), although operations to restart production have begun. The Company initially recorded a payment of $100,000 upon execution of the McCool Ranch Purchase Agreement, at which time Trio LLC began refurbishment operations with respect to the San Ardo WD-1 water disposal well (the “WD-1”) to determine if it is capable of reasonably serving the produced water needs for the assets, which Refurbishment was successfully accomplished. With Refurbishment successfully accomplished, the Company will pay an additional $400,000, which shall be used in restarting production operations on the assets. As of October 31, 2023, the Company has recorded the $100,000 payment as a capitalized cost; the balance is reflected in the balance of the oil and gas property as of year-end.

 

Additional Working Interest - South Salinas Project - Related Party

 

In April 2023, the Company paid Trio LLC approximately $60,000 to acquire an additional 3.026471% working interest in the South Salinas Project, of which working interest amount is one-half (1/2) of the working interest that was acquired by Trio LLC; this amount was capitalized and is reflected in the balance of the oil and gas property.

 

Notes Payable - Related Party

 

On September 14, 2021, the Company entered into a note payable with Trio LLC as part of the agreement for the purchase of an 82.75% working interest in the South Salinas Project (see Note 1). Per the Third Amendment signed on May 27, 2022, a portion of a previous payment made to Trio LLC was used to fund a lease extension payment to a third-party; as the payment previously made was to be used for other expenditures, the amount used to fund the lease extension was added to the remaining amount due to Trio LLC, increasing it from $780,000 to $1,032,512. Per an extension to the Fourth Amendment to the Trio LLC PSA, the Company made the final payment of $1,032,512 upon the consummation of the IPO. As of October 31, 2023 and 2022, the balance of the note payable was $0 and $1,025,497, respectively, with interest expense recognized of $7,015 and $120,337 for the years ended October 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Total payments made on the note payable for the years ended October 31, 2023 and 2022 were $1,032,512, and $2,920,000, respectively.

 

F-15
 

 

Restricted Stock Units (“RSUs”) issued to Directors

 

On July 11, 2022, the Company issued 60,000 shares of its $0.0001 par common stock to each of its five outside Directors with a fair value of $0.29 per share for an aggregate grant date value of $88,200. The fair value was calculated via a third-party valuation performed using income and market methods, as well as a discounted cash flow method, with the terminal value using a market multiples method, adjusted for a lack of marketability. The shares, or RSUs, vest in full upon the six-month anniversary of the IPO, subject to the directors’ continued service on the vesting date; upon issuance, the shares will be fully paid and non-assessable. Upon consummation of the IPO, the vesting period for these shares began and for the years ended October 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company recognized stock-based compensation in the amount of $88,200 and $0, respectively, within stock-based compensation expenses on the income statement, with unrecognized expense of $0 as of the period ended October 31, 2023.

 

On September 2, 2023, the Company issued an aggregate 425,000 shares of its $0.0001 par common stock to four outside directors with a fair value of $0.64 per share for a grant date value of $273,275. The shares, or RSUs, vest in full upon the six-month anniversary of the vesting commencement date (or August 28,2023), subject to the directors’ continued service on the vesting date. For the years ended October 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company recognized stock-based compensation in the amount of $96,016 and $0, respectively, within stock-based compensation expenses on the income statement, with unrecognized expense of $177,259 as of the period ended October 31, 2023.

 

Restricted Shares issued to Executives and Employees

 

In February 2022, the Company entered into employee agreements with Frank Ingriselli (Chief Executive Officer or “CEO”) and Greg Overholtzer (Chief Financial Officer or “CFO”) which, among other things, provided for the grant of restricted shares in the amounts of 1,000,000 and 100,000, respectively, pursuant to the 2022 Equity Incentive Plan (“the Plan”). Per the terms of the employee agreements, subject to continued employment, the restricted shares vest over a two-year period, under which 25% will vest upon the earlier of three months after the IPO or six months after the grant date. After this date, the remainder vest in equal tranches every six months until fully vested. As the Plan was not adopted until October 17, 2022 (see Note 7), these shares will be recorded as of that date at a fair value of $0.294 per share; such value was calculated via a third-party valuation performed using income and market methods, as well as a discounted cash flow method, with the terminal value using a market multiples method, adjusted for a lack of marketability (see Note 10). As of October 31, 2022, the Company recorded 1,100,000 restricted shares at a fair value of $323,400, and for the years ended October 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company recognized stock-based compensation of $161,700 and $6,202, respectively, within stock-based compensation expenses on the income statement, with unrecognized expense of $155,498 as of October 31, 2023.

 

In May 2023, the Company entered into six employee agreements which, among other things, provided for the grant of an aggregate of 700,000 restricted shares pursuant to the Plan. Per the terms of the employee agreements, subject to continued employment, the restricted shares vest as follows: 25% of the shares will vest five months after the issuance date, after which the remainder vest in equal tranches every six months until fully vested. The shares were recorded on the date of issuance at a fair value of $2.15 per share for an aggregate fair value of $1,505,000, and for the years ended October 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company recognized stock-based compensation of $440,219 and $0, respectively, within stock-based compensation expenses on the income statement, with unrecognized expense of $1,064,781 as of the period ended October 31, 2023.

 

On July 20, 2023, pursuant to the Ingriselli Employment Agreement (see above), the Company issued 200,000 restricted shares (subject to the Plan) as a discretionary annual bonus at a fair value of $1.07 per share to Mr. Ingriselli for an aggregate fair value of $213,000. The shares vested fully on July 24, 2023 and the Company recognized stock-based compensation of $213,000 within stock-based compensation expenses on the income statement for the period ended July 31, 2023.

 

On October 16, 2023, the Company and Michael L. Peterson entered into an employment agreement (the “Peterson Employment Agreement”), effective as of October 23, 2023, pursuant to which Mr. Peterson will serve as Chief Executive Officer of the Company, replacing Mr. Ingriselli. Pursuant to the Peterson Employment Agreement, Mr. Peterson will be paid an annual base salary of $350,000. In addition, Mr. Peterson is entitled to receive, subject to his continuing employment with the Company on the applicable date of the bonus payout, an annual target discretionary bonus of up to 100% of his annual base salary, payable at the discretion of the Compensation Committee of the Board based upon the Company’s and Mr. Peterson’s achievement of objectives and milestones to be determined on an annual basis by the Board.

 

Pursuant to the Peterson Employment Agreement, the Company issued Mr. Peterson is a grant of 1,000,000 shares of restricted stock pursuant to the Company’s Omnibus Incentive Compensation Plan (the “Plan”) at a fair value of $0.27 per share for a grant date fair value of $271,000. The restricted stock grant vests over a period of two years, with 25% of the shares of restricted stock vesting six months after the Peterson Employment Agreement Effective Date, and the remainder vesting in equal tranches on each of the 12-, 18-, and 24-month anniversary dates of the Peterson Employment Agreement. As of October 31, 2023, the Company recognized stock-based compensation of $3,341 within stock-based compensation expenses on the income statement, with unrecognized expense of $267,659.

 

F-16
 

 

Consulting Agreement - Related Party

 

On October 6, 2023, Mr. Ingriselli delivered notice of his resignation as the Company’s Chief Executive Officer, effective on October 23, 2023. Upon his resignation, Mr. Ingriselli will continue as a director and hold the title of “Vice Chairman” of the Board of Directors of the Company. In addition, on October 16, 2023, the Company and Global Venture Investments LLC (“Consultant”), a Delaware Limited Liability Company and a wholly owned consulting firm owned 100% by Mr. Ingriselli, entered into a consulting agreement, effective as of the date of resignation and continuing through December 31, 2023.  Pursuant to the Consulting Agreement, the Company will pay Mr. Ingriselli a cash consulting fee equal to $10,000 per month, payable within five business days after the commencement of each calendar month during the term of the Consulting Agreement. The Consulting Agreement terminated on December 31, 2023, in accordance with its terms.

 

NOTE 7 - COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

 

From time to time, the Company is subject to various claims that arise in the ordinary course of business. Management believes that any liability of the Company that may arise out of or with respect to these matters will not materially adversely affect the financial position, results of operations, or cash flows of the Company.

 

Unproved Property Leases

 

As of October 31, 2023, the Company holds various leases related to the unproved properties of the South Salinas Project (see Note 5); two of the leases are held with the same lessor. The first lease, which covers 8,417 acres, was amended on May 27, 2022 to provide for an extension of then-current force majeure status for an additional, uncontested twelve months, during which the Company would be released from having to evidence to the lessor the existence of force majeure conditions. As consideration for the granting of the lease extension, the Company paid the lessor a one-time, non-refundable payment of $252,512; this amount was capitalized and reflected in the balance of the oil and gas property as of October 31, 2022. The extension period commenced on June 19, 2022; as of October 31, 2023, the “force majeure” status has been extinguished by the drilling of the HV-1 well, and the validity of the lease is maintained by the drilling of the well, which is in production testing.

 

The second lease covers 160 acres of the South Salinas Project; it is currently held by delay rental and is renewed every three years. Until drilling commences, the Company is required to make delay rental payments of $30/acre per year. The Company is currently in compliance with this requirement and has paid in advance the delay rental payment for the period from October 2022 through October 2023.

 

During February and March of 2023, the Company entered into additional leases related to the unproved properties of the South Salinas Project with two groups of lessors. The first group of leases covers 360 acres and has a term of 20 years; the Company is required to make rental payments of $25/acre per year. The Company is currently in compliance with this requirement and has paid in advance the rental payment for the period February 2023 through February 2024. The second group of leases covers 307.75 acres and has a term of 20 years; the Company is required to make rental payments of $30/acre per year. The Company is currently in compliance with this requirement and has paid in advance the rental payment for the period from March 2023 through March 2024.

 

As of October 31, 2023, the Company assessed the unproved properties of the South Salinas Project and those adjacent to it for impairment, analyzing future drilling plans, leasehold expiration and the existence of any known dry holes in the area. Management concluded there is no impairment allowance required as of the balance sheet date.

 

Board of Directors Compensation

 

On July 11, 2022, the Company’s Board of Directors approved compensation for each of the non-employee directors of the Company, which would be effective upon the consummation of the IPO. Such compensation is structured as follows: an annual retainer of $50,000 cash plus an additional $10,000 for each Board committee upon which the Director serves, each paid quarterly in arrears. Payment for this approved compensation commenced upon successful completion of the Company’s IPO and as of October 31, 2023, the Company has recognized $156,154 in directors’ fees.

 

F-17
 

 

Agreements with Advisors

 

On July 28, 2022, the Company entered into an agreement with Spartan Capital Securities, LLC (“Spartan”) whereby Spartan will serve as the exclusive agent, advisor or underwriter in any offering of securities of the Company for the term of the agreement, which is one year. The agreement provides for a $25,000 non-refundable advance upon execution of the agreement and completion of a bridge offering to be credited against the accountable expenses incurred by Spartan upon successful completion of the IPO, a cash fee or an underwriter discount of 7.5% of the aggregate proceeds raised in the IPO, warrants to purchase a number of common shares equal to 5% of the aggregate number of common shares placed in the IPO, an expense allowance of up to $150,000 for fees and expenses of legal counsel and other out-of-pocket expenses and 1% of the gross proceeds of the IPO to Spartan for non-accountable expenses. The agreement also provides for an option to Spartan that is exercisable within 45 days after the closing of the IPO to purchase up to an additional 15% of the total number of securities offered by the Company in the IPO. For a period of 18 months following the July 28, 2023 expiration of the agreement, Spartan shall be entitled to receive the same 7.5% cash fee and 5% warrant coverage compensation under the “tail” terms of the agreement with respect to financing transactions the Company consummates with any party contacted or introduced by Spartan to the Company prior to the expiration of the Spartan agreement.

 

On April 20, 2023, pursuant to the agreement above, the Company issued representative warrants to Spartan to purchase up to an aggregate of 100,000 shares of common stock; these warrants may be exercised commencing from the closing of the Offering and expiring five years from the effective date of the registration statement at an exercise price of $3.30 (110% of the public offering price of the common stock).

 

Trio LLC - Monthly Consulting Fee

 

Pursuant to the Fourth Amendment to the Trio LLC PSA, the Company agreed, retroactively commencing on May 1, 2022, to accrue a monthly consulting fee of $35,000, due and payable by the Company to Trio LLC. This fee is intended to cover the work being done for the Company by Trio LLC’s employees prior to the closing date of the Company’s IPO. As of October 31, 2023, the Company has accrued and paid $406,000 in fees for these services.

 

On May 1, 2023, the Company entered into six employment agreements with Trio LLC employees; the agreements provide for compensation and restricted shares pursuant to the Plan (see Note 10) with a start date of May 1, 2023, provided that each individual continues to serve as an employee of Trio LLC on a part-time basis.

 

NOTE 8 - INCOME TAXES

 

The Company accounts for income taxes under ASC 740-10, which provides for an asset and liability approach of accounting for income taxes. Under this approach, deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized based on anticipated future tax consequences, using currently enacted tax laws, attributed to temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts calculated for income tax purposes.

 

Significant components of the Company’s deferred tax assets are summarized below.

 

   As of October 31,   As of October 31, 
   2023   2022 
Deferred tax assets:          
Net operating loss carry forwards  $1,095,000   $797,000 
Total deferred tax asset   1,095,000    797,000 
Valuation allowance   (1,095,000)   (797,000)
Deferred tax asset, net  $-   $- 

 

As of October 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company had approximately $1,095,000 and $797,000, respectively, in net operating loss carry-forwards for federal and state income tax reporting (tax effected) purposes. As a result of the Tax Cuts Job Act 2017 (the “Act”), certain future carryforwards do not expire. The Company has not performed a formal analysis but believes its ability to use such net operating losses and tax credit carryforwards in the future is subject to annual limitations due to change of control provisions under Sections 382 and 383 of the Internal Revenue Code, which will significantly impact its ability to realize these deferred tax assets.

 

F-18
 

 

The Company recorded a valuation allowance in the full amount of its net deferred tax assets since realization of such tax benefits has been determined by the Company’s management to be less likely than not. The valuation allowance increased $298,000 and $776,000 during the years ended October 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

 

A reconciliation of the statutory federal income tax benefit to actual tax benefit is as follows:

 

   As of October 31,   As of October 31, 
   2023   2022 
Federal statutory blended income tax rates   (21)%   (21)%
State statutory income tax rate, net of federal benefit   -%   -%
Change in valuation allowance   21%   21%
Effective tax rate   -%   -%

 

As of the date of this filing, the Company has not filed its 2023 federal and state corporate income tax returns. The Company expects to file these documents as soon as practicable.

 

The Company has evaluated its income tax positions and has determined that it does not have any uncertain tax positions. The Company will recognize interest and penalties related to any uncertain tax positions through its income tax expense.

 

NOTE 9 - NOTES PAYABLE

 

Notes payable as of October 31, 2023 and 2022 consisted of the following:

  

   

As of October 31,

   

As of October 31,

 
    2023     2022  
Notes payable - related party, net of discounts   $ -     $ 1,025,497  
Notes payable - investors, net of discounts     -       4,137,720  
Bridge note, net of discounts     -       265,719  
Convertible note, net of discounts     1,217,597       -  
Total Notes payable   $ 1,217,597     $ 5,428,936  

 

Notes Payable - Related Party

 

On September 14, 2021, the Company entered into a note payable with Trio LLC as part of the agreement for the purchase of an 82.75% working interest in the South Salinas Project (see Note 1). Per the Third Amendment signed on May 27, 2022, a portion of a previous payment made to Trio LLC was used to fund a lease extension payment to a third-party; as the payment previously made was to be used for other expenditures, the amount used to fund the lease extension was added to the remaining amount due to Trio LLC, increasing it from $780,000 to $1,032,512. Per an extension to the Fourth Amendment to the Trio LLC PSA, the Company made the final payment of $1,032,512 upon the consummation of the IPO. As of October 31, 2023 and 2022, the balance of the note payable was $0 and $1,025,497, respectively, with interest expense recognized of $7,015 and $120,337 for the years ended October 31, 2023, respectively. Total payments made on the note payable for years ended October 31, 2023 and 2022 were $1,032,512 and $2,920,000, respectively.

 

Notes Payable - Investors (January 2022 SPA)

 

On January 28, 2022, the Company entered into the January 2022 SPA with GPL, pursuant to which (i) in exchange for $4,500,000 in consideration, the Company issued senior secured convertible promissory notes (the “January 2022 Notes”) with an aggregate principal amount of $4,500,000 (ii) the Company issued warrants to purchase up to 50% of the number of shares of Common Stock issued upon the full conversion of the January 2022 Notes, and (iii) conditional upon a successful IPO, the Company agreed to issue commitment shares (“Commitment Shares”) to the investors (“GPL Investors”) upon the date of the Company’s IPO. The Notes were collateralized with a security interest in the oil and gas properties, which was to be perfected by April 28, 2022. In the event the collateral was not perfected by April 28, 2022, the Company was required to deliver 4,500,000 shares (“Default Shares”) to the investors. The Default Shares were initially held in escrow until the earlier of a) the granting and perfection of the security interest, b) the conversion of the January 2022 Notes upon the IPO or c) April 28, 2022. As the Company failed to perfect the security interest and no IPO occurred by April 28, 2022, the Default Shares were delivered to the investors on April 28, 2022. The shares were issued at a fair value of $0.29 per share for an aggregate value of $1,322,933, and this amount was recognized as penalty fees related to debt on the income statement.

 

F-19
 

 

The January 2022 Notes have a maturity date on the earlier of April 30, 2023 (such maturity date being extended initially from January 28, 2023 pursuant to the amendment to the January 2022 Notes signed on January 23, 2023 and again from February 28, 2023 pursuant to the second amendment to the January 2022 Notes signed on February 23, 2023) or the IPO and bear interest at a rate of 8% per annum, which is to be accrued and paid on the maturity date. Because the Company’s IPO did not occur by August 1, 2022 and the Company did not default on the January 2022 Notes, the interest percentage increased to 15% per annum. The principal and interest payable on the January 2022 Notes will automatically convert into shares upon the IPO. The conversion price is the lesser of i) the IPO price multiplied by the discount of 50% or ii) the opening price of the shares of Common Stock on the trading day following the date of the consummation of the IPO multiplied by the discount of 50%. The number of conversion shares is the outstanding principal amount divided by the conversion price. Upon the consummation of the IPO, the debt will convert into a fixed dollar amount of $9,000,000 of a variable number of shares.

 

Upon consummation of its IPO, the Company converted the aggregate outstanding principal and accrued interest balances of $4,500,000 and $664,875, respectively, into 5,038,902 shares of common stock; the number of conversion shares was calculated by dividing the aggregate balance of $5,164,875 by the opening trading price of its common stock on April 19, 2023 of $2.05, with a discount applied of 50%. The Company also issued 375,000 commitment shares, the number of which was calculated by taking 25% of the outstanding principal balance of $4,500,000 and dividing it by the IPO price of $3.00 per share, with the expense for issuing the commitment shares being recognized as a loss on the income statement as of April 30, 2023. As of October 31, 2023 and 2022, the balance of the Notes payable was $0 and $4,137,720, with interest expense of $674,405 and $1,136,811 for the years ended October 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

 

Bridge Note

 

During September 2022, the Company entered into an agreement or bridge note (“Bridge Note”) with three investors; the Bridge Note includes original issue discount senior notes (“Notes”) with gross proceeds of $444,000, a 10% Original Issue Discount (“OID”) of $44,000 and debt issuance costs of $70,438, for net proceeds of $329,562 to the Company. The Bridge Note included pre-funded warrants that permit the investors to purchase a number of shares of the Company’s common stock (equal to 100% of the original principal amount of the Notes), which can be exercised from the date of the warrant agreement to five years from the date of the Company’s IPO at an exercise price of $0.01. The Notes had a maturity date of the earlier of i) April 30, 2023 or ii) the completion of the IPO. The Notes bore interest at 8% per annum, which would waived if the Company completed a successful IPO within 90 days of the closing of financing; in the event of default, the interest percentage would increase to 15% per annum.

 

The Company also issued pre-funded warrants in connection with the Bridge Note to purchase a number of shares equal to the number of dollars of the Notes, or 400,000, at an exercise price of $0.01 per share; the Company determined the warrants are equity classified and can be exercised at any time from the date of the warrant agreement to five years from the date of the completion of the IPO. The Company also incurred debt issuance costs of $70,438 in connection with the issuance of the Notes and warrants. The values of the OID, warrants and debt issuance costs are recorded as debt discounts and amortized over the life of the Notes as interest expense.

 

Upon consummation of its IPO, the Company repaid the Bridge Note in the amount of $440,000 and interest was waived by the investors. As of October 31, 2023 and 2022, the balance of the Bridge Note (which is included within the Notes payable - investors, net of discounts line item on the balance sheet) is $0 and $265,719, respectively, with interest expense of $174,281 and $51,040 for the years ended October 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

 

Convertible note - investors (October 2023 SPA)

 

On October 4, 2023, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement (the “October 2023 SPA”) with an investor; the October 2023 SPA provides for loans in an aggregate principal amount of up to $3.5 million under two tranches, with first and second tranche fund amounts of $2.0 million and $1.5 million, respectively. The first tranche will be immediately funded upon closing and the second tranche will be funded after the Company provides written confirmation to the investor and subject to the mutual consent of the investor and the Company that (i) stockholder approval of the transactions has been obtained for the purpose of complying with the NYSE/NYSE American Rules; (ii) that a resale Registration Statement on Form S-1 (the “Resale Registration Statement”) has been declared effective by the SEC for the registration of the shares of Common Stock issuable upon conversion of the Note and the Warrant and (iii) there is no Event of Default (as defined in the October 2023 SPA that has occurred or will occur as a result of such additional funding and in full force and effect).

 

F-20
 

 

In consideration for the investor’s funding of the first tranche, the Company issued and sold to the investor, in a private placement, i) a senior secured convertible promissory note in the aggregate principal amount of $2,000,000 (the “Note”) and ii) a warrant to purchase up to 866,702 shares of Common Stock at an initial exercise price of $1.20 per share of Common Stock, subject to certain adjustments (the “Common Warrant”). The Note is initially convertible into shares of Common Stock at conversion price of $1.20, subject to certain adjustments (the “Conversion Price”), provided that the Conversion Price shall not be reduced below $0.35 (the “Floor Price”). The Note does not bear any interest and matures on April 4, 2025.

 

Upon the initial funding on October 4, 2023, the Company recorded gross proceeds of approximately $2.0 million, a 7% original issue discount of $140,000 and debt issuance costs of $350,320, for net proceeds of approximately $1.5 million. The Company also issued a warrant to purchase up to 866,702 shares of common stock with an aggregate relative fair value of $332,630; the factors used to determine fair value were a share price of $0.55, an exercise price of $1.20, an expected term of 5 years, annualized volatility of 137.10%, a dividend rate of zero percent and a discount rate of 4.72%.

 

Commencing on the earlier of (i) the day that is the four months after October 4, 2023 and (ii) the date on which the first Resale Registration Statement shall have been declared effective by the SEC, the Company is required to pay to the investor the outstanding principal balance under the Note in monthly installments, on such date and each one (1) month anniversary thereof, in an amount equal to 103% of the total principal amount multiplied by the quotient determined by dividing one by the number of months remaining until the maturity date of the Note, until the outstanding principal amount has been paid in full or, if earlier, upon acceleration, conversion or redemption of the Note in accordance with its terms. All monthly payments are payable by the Company, in cash, provided that under certain circumstances, as provided in the Note, the Company may elect to pay in shares of Common Stock.

 

As collateral for the obligations under the October 2023 SPA, the Company has granted to the investor a senior security interest in all of the Company’s assets (inclusive of intellectual property), subject to certain exceptions, as set forth in the Security Agreement (as defined in the October 2023 SPA). The Company has also entered into a Mortgage, Deed of Trust, Assignment of Production, Security Agreement and Financing Statement (the “Deed of Trust”) with the Investor granting to the Investor a security interest in certain oil and gas interests held by the Company in California (the “Deed of Trust”).

 

In connection with the October 2023 SPA, on October 4, 2023, the Company entered into voting agreements (collectively, the “Voting Agreements”) with certain Company stockholders, directors and officers, representing any aggregate of 4,025,000 shares of Common Stock, including Frank Ingriselli, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer, and a certain entity affiliated with Mr. Ingriselli. Pursuant to the Voting Agreements, each stockholder party thereto has agreed to vote its shares of Common Stock to approve the issuance of the securities under the Securities Purchase Agreement for the purpose of complying with the applicable NYSE/NYSE American Rules requiring stockholder approval for the Company’s issuance of shares of Common Stock, in connection with the transactions contemplated under the October 2023 SPA, in excess of 20% of the number of shares of Common Stock outstanding on the date hereof. Each Voting Agreement will terminate upon the sufficient stockholder vote required to approve the stockholder proposals in connection with respect to the transactions contemplated in the October 2023 SPA (the “Voting Agreement Expiration Date”).

 

In connection with the October 2023 SPA, on October 4, 2023, the Company entered into a registration rights agreement (the “October 2023 RRA”) with the investor pursuant to which the Registrable Securities (as defined therein) held by the investor, subject to certain conditions, are entitled to registration under the Securities Act. Pursuant to October 2023 RRA, the Company is required to, within 30 days after the date thereof, and within 10 days after the Closing of the Second Tranche (as such term is defined in the October 2023 SPA), file with the SEC (at the Company’s sole cost and expense) a Resale Registration Statement and to cause such Resale Registration Statement to be effective within 60 days after the applicable filing date, covering the resale by the Investor of the Registrable Securities.

 

Under the terms of the October 2023 SPA, the October 2023 RRA and the Note, the Company is required to reserve and register 13,161,976 shares of Common Stock in a Resale Registration Statement which such number represents 200% of the number of shares on the exercise of the Common Warrants and 200% of the number of shares upon the conversion of the Note.

 

F-21
 

 

NOTE 10 - STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

 

Common Shares

 

The Company is authorized to issue an aggregate of 500,000,000 shares. The authorized capital stock is divided into: (i) 490,000,000 shares of common stock having a par value of $0.0001 per share and (ii) 10,000,000 shares of preferred stock having a par value of $0.0001 per share.

 

In January 2022, the Company entered into the January 2022 SPA with GPL, which has warrants attached that are exercisable into up to 50% of the number of shares of common stock issued upon full conversion of the Notes. The Company determined the warrants are equity classified and used a third party to perform a valuation to estimate their fair market value at January 28, 2022, which was $994,091.

 

On April 28, 2022, the Company issued 4,500,000 shares of its $0.0001 par common stock at a price of $0.29 per share for a total aggregate fair value of $1,322,933 to GPL as default shares in connection with the January 2022 SPA (see Note 3, Note 6 and Note 9).

 

On July 11, 2022, the Company issued 60,000 shares of its $0.0001 par common stock to each of its five outside Directors for a total aggregate amount of 300,000 shares. The shares, or RSUs, vest in full upon the six-month anniversary of the IPO, subject to the directors’ continued service on the vesting date; upon issuance, the shares will be fully paid and non-assessable. The RSUs were recorded at a fair value of $0.29 per share for a total value of $88,200. Upon consummation of the IPO, the vesting period for these shares began and for the years ended October 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company recognized stock-based compensation in the amount of $88,200 and $0, respectively, within stock-based compensation expenses on the income statement, with unrecognized expense of $0 as of the period ended October 31, 2023.

 

On October 17, 2022, the Company issued 1,100,000 restricted shares to two of its executives pursuant to the Plan. As the Plan was not adopted until October 17, 2022, these shares were recorded as of that date at a fair value of $0.29 per share; such value was calculated via a third-party valuation performed using income and market methods, as well as a discounted cash flow method, with the terminal value using a market multiples method, adjusted for a lack of marketability. As of October 31, 2022, the Company recorded 1,100,000 restricted shares at a fair value of $323,400 and for the years ended October 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company recognized stock-based compensation of $161,700 and $6,202, respectively, within stock-based compensation expenses on the income statement, with unrecognized expense of $155,498 as of October 31, 2023.

 

In December 2022, the Company entered into subscription agreements with two accredited investors for the aggregate issuance of 400,000 common shares for aggregate gross cash proceeds of $400,000. The common shares are $0.0001 par value and have a purchase price of $1.00 per share.

 

In April 2023, the Company consummated its IPO and sold 2,000,000 shares of common stock at a public offering price of $3.00 per share for gross proceeds of $6,000,000.

 

In April 2023, upon consummation of its IPO, the Company also issued 375,000 commitment shares, the number of which was calculated by taking 25% of the outstanding principal balance of the January 2022 Notes of $4,500,000 and dividing it by the IPO price of $3.00 per share

 

On April 20, 2023, the Company issued 12,500 shares of common stock at a fair value of $2.00 per share to consultants in exchange for services rendered; the aggregate amount of $25,000 was recorded as fees for professional services as of the end of the period.

 

On May 1, 2023, the Company issued 700,000 restricted shares to six of its employees pursuant to the Plan (see Note 6); the shares were recorded at a fair value of $2.15 per share for an aggregate grant date fair value of $1,505,000, and for the years ended October 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company recognized stock-based compensation of $440,219 and $0, respectively, within stock-based compensation expenses on the income statement, with unrecognized expense of $1,064,781 as of the period ended October 31, 2023.

 

F-22
 

 

On May 2, 2023, June 23, 2023 and July 11, 2023, the Company issued 25,000, 100,000 and 100,000 shares of common stock, par value of $0.0001, respectively, at a fair value of $2.10, $0.88 and $1.21, respectively, to consultants in exchange for services rendered; the aggregate amounts of $52,500, $88,000 and $121,000, respectively, were recorded as fees for professional services as of the end of the period.

 

On June 30, 2023, the Company issued 48,000 shares of common stock, par value of $0.0001, at a fair value of $1.67 to Marcum, LLP for an aggregate amount of $80,159 for partial satisfaction of an account payable.

 

On June 30, 2023, the Company issued a Form S-1/A, which registered for resale (i) up to 3,149,314 shares of common stock, par value $0.0001 per share which the selling stockholders may acquire upon the exercise of outstanding common warrants and (ii) up to 500,000 shares of common stock, which the selling stockholders may acquire upon the exercise of outstanding pre-funded warrants. Such warrants were issued to the selling stockholders in connection with securities purchase agreements entered into on January 28, 2022 and September 20, 2022. The Company recorded 699,848 shares of common stock that are not exercised but registered in accordance with their common warrant agreements and 500,000 shares of common stock that are not exercised but registered in accordance with their pre-funded warrant agreements upon the filing of this Form S-1/A.

 

On July 20, 2023, the Company issued 200,000 restricted shares pursuant to the Plan to Mr. Ingriselli (see Note 6) at a fair value of $1.07 per share for an aggregate fair value of $213,000. The shares vested fully on July 24, 2023 and the Company recognized stock-based compensation for the full value of the shares as of the end of the period.

 

On September 2, 2023, the Company issued 425,000 shares of its $0.0001 par common stock to four outside Directors with a fair value of $0.64 per share for a grant date value of $273,275. The shares, or RSUs, vest in full upon the six-month anniversary of the vesting commencement date (or August 28,2023), subject to the directors’ continued service on the vesting date. For the years ended October 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company recognized stock-based compensation in the amount of $96,016 and $0, respectively, within stock-based compensation expenses on the income statement, with unrecognized expense of $177,259 as of the period ended October 31, 2023.

 

On October 16, 2023, pursuant to the Peterson Employment Agreement, the Company issued Mr. Peterson is a grant of 1,000,000 shares of restricted stock pursuant to the Plan at a fair value of $0.27 per share for a grant date fair value of $271,000. The restricted stock grant vests over a period of two years, with 25% of the shares of restricted stock vesting six months after the Peterson Employment Agreement Effective Date, and the remainder vesting in equal tranches on each of the 12-, 18-, and 24-month anniversary dates of the Peterson Employment Agreement. As of October 31, 2023, the Company recognized stock-based compensation of $3,341 within stock-based compensation expenses on the income statement, with unrecognized expense of $267,659.

 

Warrants

 

January 2022 SPA with GPL Warrants

 

In January 2022, the Company entered into the January 2022 SPA with GPL, which had warrants attached that were exercisable into up to 50% of the number of shares of common stock issued upon full conversion of the Notes. The Company determined the warrants were equity classified and used a third party to perform a valuation to estimate their fair market value at January 28, 2022, which was $994,091. The factors used to determine their fair value were a term of 3 years, volatility of 92%, a share price based on comparable companies and an exercise price of 50% of the stock price upon the Company’s IPO.

 

Upon consummation of the IPO, the Company issued an aggregate of 2,519,451 warrants to the GPL investors at an exercise price of $1.03 and an expiration date of 3 years from the date of the IPO; on July 10, 2023, the Company entered into amendments to the warrant agreements with five of the six investors, whereby i) the exercise price was reduced from $1.03 to $0.80 and ii) the number of warrants was increased by a factor of 1.25 or 489,893 warrants in order to induce full, immediate exercise. Accordingly, 2,449,466 warrants (original number of warrants was 1,959,573) were exercised at an exercise price of $0.80 per share for aggregate proceeds (net of equity issuance costs of $146,938) of $1,812,635. The shares issued for the exercise of these warrants were registered for resale as part of the Form S-1/A filed on June 30, 2023. The Company accounted for the amendments as warrant modifications, whereby the effect of the modifications is measured as the difference in relative fair value immediately before the modification and after the modification; and any increase to the relative fair value is recognized as equity issuance costs.

 

F-23
 

 

To assess for the change in relative fair value, the Company performed a Black Scholes Option Model calculation to quantify the fair value of 1,959,573 common warrants under their original terms as of the modification date using the following assumptions: a share price of $1.43, an exercise price of $1.03, an expected term of 3.0 years, volatility of 136%, a dividend rate of 0% and a discount rate of 4.54%. The Company then performed a Black Scholes Option Model calculation to quantify the fair value of 2,449,466 common warrants with their new modified terms as of the modification date using the following assumptions: a share price of $1.53, an exercise price of $0.80, an expected term of 3.0 years, volatility of 136%, a dividend rate of 0% and a discount rate of 4.54%. The aggregate difference of approximately $0.3 million between the two calculated amounts was recorded as an equity issuance cost within equity during the period to account for the change in relative fair value.

 

On September 20, 2023, the Company and the sixth GPL investor entered into an amendment to their particular warrant agreement, pursuant to which the Company agreed to amend the warrant held by the holder in order to (i) reduce the exercise price of the warrant from an exercise price of $1.03 per share to $0.11 per share and (ii) add a customary cashless exercise provision to the warrant. On September 21, 2023, the holder delivered a notice of exercise to the Company exercising the Warrant, in full, on a “cashless basis,” pursuant to which an aggregate of 451,831 shares of common stock were issued to the holder on or before September 25, 2023.

 

The Company accounted for the amendments as warrant modifications, whereby the effect of the modifications is measured as the difference in relative fair value immediately before the modification and after the modification; and any increase to the relative fair value is recognized as equity issuance costs.

 

To assess for the change in relative fair value, the Company performed a Black Scholes Option Model calculation to quantify the fair value of 559,878 common warrants under their original terms as of the modification date using the following assumptions: a share price of $0.57, an exercise price of $1.03, an expected term of 3.0 years, volatility of 148%, a dividend rate of 0% and a discount rate of 4.82%. The Company then performed a Black Scholes Option Model calculation to quantify the fair value of 451,831 common warrants with their new modified terms as of the modification date using the following assumptions: a share price of $0.57, an exercise price of $0.11, an expected term of 3.0 years, volatility of 148%, a dividend rate of 0% and a discount rate of 4.82%. The aggregate difference of less than $1,000 between the two calculated amounts was recorded as an equity issuance cost within equity during the period to account for the change in relative fair value.

 

Other Warrants

 

In December 2022, the Company entered into subscription agreements with two accredited investors for the aggregate issuance of 400,000 common shares, as well as warrants to purchase additional shares up to the initial subscription amount; the warrants are exercisable for two years and have an exercise price equal to fifty percent of the price per share the Company sells its common shares in its IPO. The warrants were determined to be equity classified and were recorded at fair value in additional paid-in capital on the balance sheet for the period. Their fair value was based on the price the third-party investors paid for the original subscription agreements described above.

 

The Company also issued warrants to purchase 100,000 shares of common stock to the underwriters at an exercise price of $3.30 per share (110% of public offering price).

 

F-24
 

 

A summary of the warrant activity during the years ended October 31, 2023 and 2022 is presented below:

  

  

Number of

Warrants

  

Weighted

Average

Exercise

Price

  

Weighted

Average

Remaining

Life in

Years

  

Intrinsic

Value

 
                 
Outstanding, November 1, 2021   -   $-    -   $- 
Issued   -    -    -    - 
Outstanding, November 1, 2022   -    -    -    - 
Issued   4,776,046    1.04    3.1    - 
Exercised   (2,901,298)   1.03    -    - 
Cancelled   -    -    -    - 
Expired   (108,047)   -    -    - 
Outstanding, October 31, 2023   1,766,702   $1.12    3.9   $211,200 
                     
Exercisable, October 31, 2023   1,766,702   $1.12    3.9   $211,200 

 

A summary of outstanding and exercisable warrants as of October 31, 2023 is presented below:

 

 Warrants Outstanding    Warrants Exercisable 
           Weighted      
           Average      
 Exercise    Number of    Remaining    Number of 
 Price    Shares    Life in Years    Shares 
$0.01    400,000    4.5    400,000 
$1.50    400,000    1.1    400,000 
$3.30    100,000    4.5    100,000 
$1.20    866,702    4.9    866,702 
      1,766,702    3.9    1,766,702 

 

F-25
 

 

Stock Options

 

A summary of the option activity during the years ended October 31, 2023 and 2022 is presented below:

 

  

Number of

Options

  

Weighted

Average

Exercise

Price

  

Weighted

Average

Remaining

Life in

Years

  

Intrinsic

Value

 
                 
Outstanding, November 1, 2021   -   $-    -   $- 
Issued   -    -    -    - 
Outstanding, November 1, 2022   -    -    -    - 
Issued   120,000    0.52    4.8    1,800 
Exercised   -    -    -    - 
Cancelled   -    -    -    - 
Expired   -    -    -    - 
Outstanding, October 31, 2023   120,000   $0.52    4.8   $1,800 
                     
Exercisable, October 31, 2023   90,000   $0.52    4.8   $1,350 

 

A summary of outstanding and exercisable options as of October 31, 2023 and 2022 is presented below:

 

 Options Outstanding    Options Exercisable 
           Weighted      
           Average      
 Exercise    Number of    Remaining    Number of 
 Price    Shares    Life in Years    Shares 
$0.52    120,000    4.8    90,000 
      120,000    4.8    90,000 

 

On August 15, 2023, the Company issued five-year options to purchase 120,000 shares of the Company’s common stock to a consultant of the Company, pursuant to the Plan. The options have an exercise price of $0.52 per share and vest monthly over a period of 24 months, beginning on the vesting commencement date. The options have a grant date fair value of $55,711, which will be recognized over the vesting term.

 

The assumptions used in the Black-Scholes valuation method for these options issued in 2023 were as follows:

 

Risk free interest rate   4.36%
Expected term (years)   5.0
Expected volatility   137.1%
Expected dividends   0%

 

F-26
 

 

NOTE 11 - SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

 

In accordance with ASC 855 - Subsequent Events, which establishes general standards of accounting for and disclosure of events that occur after the balance sheet date but before financial statements are issued, the Company has evaluated all events and transactions that occurred after October 31, 2023, through the date the financial statements were issued. Except for the following, there are no subsequent events identified that would require disclosure in the financial statements.

 

Resale Form S-1

 

On November 11, 2023, the Company filed a Form S-1 for the resale of i) up to 11,428,572 shares of common stock issuable upon conversion of a senior secured convertible promissory note, ii) up to 1,733,404 shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of a common warrant, and iii) up to 83,333 shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of a placement agent warrant.

 

First Amendment to the Resales Form S-1

 

On December 6, 2023, the Company filed the first amendment to the Form S-1 filed with the SEC on November 3, 2023.

 

Asphalt Ridge Option Agreement and Amendment

 

On November 10, 2023, the Company entered into a leasehold acquisition and development option agreement (“AR Agreement”) with Heavy Sweet Oil LLC (“Heavy Sweet”) to purchase up to a 20% production share (“Asphalt Ridge Option”) in certain leases in eastern Utah totaling 960 acres. The Asphalt Ridge Option has a term of nine months, through August 10, 2024, and gives the Company the exclusive right, but not the obligation, to acquire up to a 20% interest in the leases for $2,000,000, which may be invested in tranches, provided that the initial tranche closing occurs during the option period and subsequent tranches occur as soon thereafter as practical within the Asphalt Ridge Option period, with each tranche providing the Company a portion of the ownership of the leases. Upon receipt of any funding from the Company pursuant to the Asphalt Ridge Option, Heavy Sweet is required to pay that amount to the named operator of the properties, to pay for engineering, procurement, operations, sales, and logistics activities on the properties.

 

On December 29, 2023, the Company and Heavy Sweet entered into an Amendment to the AR Agreement (the “AR Amendment”), pursuant to which the Company and Heavy Sweet amended the AR Agreement to provide that, within three business days of the effective date of the AR Amendment, the Company would fund $200,000 of the $2,000,000 total purchase price in exchange for the Company receiving an immediate 2% interest in the leases, which advanced funds would be used solely for the building of roads and related infrastructure in furtherance of the development plan. On December 29, 2023, the Company paid the $200,000 advance to Heavy Sweet and was assigned a 2% interest in the leases.

 

Amendment to October 2023 SPA and Second Tranche Financing

 

On December 29, 2023, the Company and an investor entered into an Amendment to the October 2023 SPA (see Note 9), whereby in connection with the closing of the second tranche, (i) the fixed conversion price of the convertible promissory note issued and (ii) the exercise price of the warrant issued in connection with the second tranche were both reduced from $1.20 to $0.50. The closing of the second tranche will be in the principal amount of $550,000.

 

On January 2, 2024, the Company closed on the second tranche and received gross proceeds of $511,500; in consideration for the funding, the Company issued to the investor a note in the principal amount of $550,000 with a conversion price of $0.50, subject to certain adjustments and a warrant to purchase up to 445,561 shares of common stock at an initial exercise price of $0.50 per share, subject to certain adjustments.

 

F-27
EX-23.1 2 ex23-1.htm

 

Exhibit 23.1

 

A black and white text

Description automatically generated

 

To Whom It May Concern:

 

We hereby consent to the incorporation by reference in the Registration Statement on Form S-8 (File number 333-267380) of Trio Petroleum Corp. (the “Company”) of our report dated June 14, 2024, relating to the financial statements of the Company, which appear in this Amendment No. 1 to Annual Report on Form 10-K/A.

 

Very truly yours,

 

/s/ Bush & Associates CPA LLC  
   
Bush & Associates CPA LLC (PCAOB 6797)  
Henderson, Nevada  
June 14, 2024  

 

 

179 N. Gibson Rd., Henderson, NV 89014 ● 702.703.5979 ● www.bushandassociatescpas.com

 

 

 

EX-31.1 3 ex31-1.htm

 

Exhibit 31.1

 

CERTIFICATION

 

I, Michael L. Peterson, Chief Executive Officer of Trio Petroleum Corp., certify that:

 

1. I have reviewed the Annual Report on Form 10-K/A of Trio Petroleum Corp.;
   
2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
   
3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
   
4. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

 

  a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
     
  b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
     
  c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
     
  d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

 

5. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing equivalent function):

 

  a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
     
  b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

 

Date: June 13, 2024 /s/ Michael L. Peterson
  Michael L. Peterson
  Chief Executive Officer
(Principal Executive Officer)

 

 

 

 

EX-31.2 4 ex31-2.htm

 

Exhibit 31.2

 

CERTIFICATION

 

I, Greg Overholtzer, Chief Financial Officer of Trio Petroleum Corp. certify that:

 

1. I have reviewed this Annual Report on Form 10-K/A of Trio Petroleum Corp.;
   
2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
   
3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
   
4. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

 

  a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
     
  b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
     
  c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
     
  d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

 

5. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

 

  a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
     
  b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

 

Date: June 13, 2024 /s/ Greg Overholtzer
  Greg Overholtzer
  Chief Financial Officer
  (Principal Financial Officer and
Principal Accounting Officer)

 

 

 

EX-32.1 5 ex32-1.htm

 

Exhibit 32.1

 

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

 

In connection with the Annual Report of Trio Petroleum Corp. (the “Company”) on Form 10-K/A for the year ended October 31, 2023, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Michael L. Peterson, Chief Executive Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350, as adopted pursuant to § 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:

 

  1. The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and
     
  2. The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and result of operations of the Company as of and for the period covered by the report.

 

Date: June 13, 2024 /s/ Michael L. Peterson
  Michael L. Peterson
  Chief Executive Officer
  (Principal Executive Officer)

 

 

 

EX-32.2 6 ex32-2.htm

 

Exhibit 32.2

 

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

 

In connection with the Annual Report of Trio Petroleum Corp. (the “Company”) on Form 10-K/A for the year ended October 31, 2023, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Greg Overholtzer, Chief Financial Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350, as adopted pursuant to § 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:

 

  1. The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and
     
  2. To my knowledge, the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and result of operations of the Company as of and for the period covered by the Report.

 

Date: June 13, 2024 /s/ Greg Overholtzer
  Greg Overholtzer
  Chief Financial Officer
 

(Principal Financial Officer and

Principal Accounting Officer)

 

 

 

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Stock issued during period value issuance of common shares in ipo net of underwriting discounts and offering costs. Stock issued during period value excercisable warrants. Stock issued during period value founders of shares. Stock issued during period value issuance of security interest shares to investors. Group One [Member] Group Two [Member] Option fee. Hangman Hollow Field Asset [Member] Ken Fron Field [Member] Union Ave Field [Member] Stock issued during period value restricted stock award gross to outside directors. Adjustments to additional paid in capital interest imputed on note payable for acquisition of unproved oil and gas properties. Stock issued during period shares issuance of commitment shares related to the spa shares. Stock issued during period shares issuance of common shares in ipo net of underwriting discounts and offering costs shares. Stock issued during period shares excercisable warrants. Stock issued during period shares founders of shares. Stockissued during period shares issuance of security interest shares to investors. Stock issued during period shares restricted stock award gross to outside directors Conversion of SPA. Purchase And Sale Agreement [Member] Write-off of SPA receivable. Imputed interest. Investors [Member] Issuance of warrants to purchase rate. Debt instrument collateral shares. Issuance of warrants equity classified. Issuance of common stock for excercisable warrants. Issuance of prefunded warrants. Debt instrument original issue discount percentage. Purchase of additional interest percentage. Consultants [Member] Marcum LLP [Member] 2022 Equity Incentive Plan [Member] Resale amendment agreement, description. Mr Frank Ingriselli [Member] Executives [Member] New Modified Terms [Member] Original Issue Terms [Member] Two Accredited Investors [Member] Subscription Agreements [Member] Sharebased compensation arrangement by sharebased payment award options exercisable weighted average remaining contractual term. Weighted average remaining life in years, exercised. Mr Greg Overholtzer [Member] Share based compensation arrangement by share based payment award non option equity instruments exercisable exercise price. Sharebased compensation arrangement by sharebased payment award options exercisable weighted average remaining exercisable contractual term1. Intrinsic value, exercisable. Schedule Of Stockholders Equity Note Outstanding And Exercisable Warrants Or Rights [Text Block] Mr. Ingriselli [Member] Percentage of total principal amount Amended AR Agreement [Member] Total purchase price of lease. Peterson Employment Agreement [Member] Operators [Member] Commitment Shares [Member] McCool Ranch Oil Field [Member] Stock issued during period value restricted stock award gross to executives. Reserve analysis optioned asset Stock issued during period shares restricted stock award gross to executives. Payment of execution. January Two Thousand And Twenty Two Notes [Member]. Franchise tax fee and income Debt discount Working interest percentage Optioned Assets Related Party [Member] Mc Cool Oil Field Assets Purchase Related Party [Member] Additional Working Interest South Salinas Project [Member] Fair value per share First Tranche [Member] October 2023 SPA [Member] Second Tranche [Member] Senior Secured Convertible Promissory Note [Member] Common Warrant [Member] Annual based salary Debt instrument floor price Discretionary bonus percentage Consulting agreement percentage Consulting agreement fee Number of shares issuable Placement Agent Warrant [Member] Percentage of production share AR Agreement [Member] Percentage of interest to acquire in leases Consulting Agreement Related Party [Member] Michael L Peterson [Member] Amount agreed to fund as per amended agreement Heavy Sweet Oil LLC [Member] Percentage of common stock outstanding. Voting Agreements [Member] Mr Peterson [Member] Number of shares as per voting agreements. Number of shares required to reserve and register. Notes Payable Related Party [Member] Restricted Share Issued To Executives And Employees [Member] Six Employee Agreement [Member] Exercise Price Range One [Member] Amendment To October 2023 SPA [Member] Amendment To Second Tranche Financing [Member] Aggregate authorized shares. Percentage of outstanding principal balance. Four Outside Director [Member] Percentage of common shares required to reserve. Percentage of shares required to reserve upon conversion of note. Consultant [Member] Share based compensation arrangement by share based payment award options grant in period fair value 1. Share based compensation arrangement by share based payment award options issued weighted average remaining contractual term 2. Exercise Price Range Two [Member] Exercise Price Range Three [Member] Exercise Price Range Four [Member] Convertible note payable current. Warrants liability current. Two Tranches [Member] Adjustments to additional paid in capital issuance of warrants in connection with investor financing. Non-interest-bearing note payable. Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Issued Intrinsic Value. Five Outside Director [Member] Share Subscription Receivables [Member] Assets, Current Assets Liabilities, Current Liabilities, Noncurrent Liabilities Stockholders' Equity Note, Subscriptions Receivable Equity, Attributable to Parent Liabilities and Equity Operating Expenses Operating Income (Loss) Nonoperating Income (Expense) Income (Loss) from Continuing Operations before Income Taxes, Noncontrolling Interest Weighted Average Number of Shares Outstanding, Basic Weighted Average Number of Shares Outstanding, Diluted Shares, Outstanding APIC, Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Increase for Cost Recognition Increase (Decrease) in Prepaid Expense Increase (Decrease) in Accounts Payable and Accrued Liabilities Net Cash Provided by (Used in) Operating Activities Payments to Explore and Develop Oil and Gas Properties Payments to Acquire Machinery and Equipment Proceeds from Collection of Long-Term Loans to Related Parties Net Cash Provided by (Used in) Investing Activities Repayments of Notes Payable Payments of Stock Issuance Costs Net Cash Provided by (Used in) Financing Activities Cash, Cash Equivalents, Restricted Cash, and Restricted Cash Equivalents, Period Increase (Decrease), Including Exchange Rate Effect Cash, Cash Equivalents, Restricted Cash, and Restricted Cash Equivalents IssuanceOfCommonStockForExcercisableWarrants IssuanceOfPrefundedWarrants Asset Retirement Obligation Oil and Gas Property, Full Cost Method, Gross Working interest percentage [Default Label] Deferred Tax Assets, Gross Deferred Tax Assets, Valuation Allowance Deferred Tax Assets, Net of Valuation Allowance Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation, at Federal Statutory Income Tax Rate, Percent Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation, State and Local Income Taxes, Percent Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation, Change in Deferred Tax Assets Valuation Allowance, Percent Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation, Percent Convertible Notes Payable, Current Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Non-Option Equity Instruments, Outstanding, Number Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Options, Exercisable, Intrinsic Value SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Non-Option Equity Instruments, Exercised Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Non-Option Equity Instruments, Expirations Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Options, Exercisable, Number ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisableExercisePrice SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableIntrinsicValueExercisable Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Options, Outstanding, Number Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Options, Outstanding, Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Options, Outstanding, Intrinsic Value SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsIssuedWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2 Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Options, Grants in Period, Gross EX-101.PRE 12 tpet-20231031_pre.xml XBRL PRESENTATION FILE XML 14 R1.htm IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT v3.24.1.1.u2
Cover - USD ($)
12 Months Ended
Oct. 31, 2023
Jan. 22, 2024
Apr. 30, 2023
Cover [Abstract]      
Document Type 10-K/A    
Amendment Flag true    
Amendment Description This amendment (the “Amendment”) is being filed to reissue the financial statements of Trio Petroleum Corp. (the “Company”), including the notes to the financial statements, for the years ended October 31, 2023 and 2022, contained in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended October 31, 2023, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on January 29, 2024 (“Form 10-K), in order to replace the Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm of BF Borgers CPA PC (“Borgers”), included in the Form 10-K, with the Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm from Bush & Associates CPA LLC (“Bush”), included in this Amendment    
Document Annual Report true    
Document Transition Report false    
Document Period End Date Oct. 31, 2023    
Document Fiscal Period Focus FY    
Document Fiscal Year Focus 2023    
Current Fiscal Year End Date --10-31    
Entity File Number 001-41643    
Entity Registrant Name TRIO PETROLEUM CORP.    
Entity Central Index Key 0001898766    
Entity Tax Identification Number 87-1968201    
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code DE    
Entity Address, Address Line One 5401 Business Park South    
Entity Address, Address Line Two Suite 115    
Entity Address, City or Town Bakersfield    
Entity Address, State or Province CA    
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code 93309    
City Area Code (661)    
Local Phone Number 324-3911    
Title of 12(b) Security Common Stock, par value $0.0001 per share    
Trading Symbol TPET    
Security Exchange Name NYSE    
Entity Well-known Seasoned Issuer No    
Entity Voluntary Filers No    
Entity Current Reporting Status Yes    
Entity Interactive Data Current Yes    
Entity Filer Category Non-accelerated Filer    
Entity Small Business true    
Entity Emerging Growth Company true    
Elected Not To Use the Extended Transition Period false    
Entity Shell Company false    
Entity Public Float     $ 26,020,517
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding   31,898,294  
ICFR Auditor Attestation Flag false    
Document Financial Statement Error Correction [Flag] false    
Auditor Name Bush & Associates CPA LLC    
Auditor Location Henderson, Nevada    
Auditor Firm ID 6797    
XML 15 R2.htm IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT v3.24.1.1.u2
Balance Sheets - USD ($)
Oct. 31, 2023
Oct. 31, 2022
Current assets:    
Cash $ 1,561,924 $ 73,648
Prepaid expenses and other receivables 133,417 35,000
Deferred offering costs 1,643,881
Total current assets 1,695,341 1,752,529
Oil and gas properties - not subject to amortization 9,947,742 5,836,232
Advance to operators 1,900,000
Total assets 11,643,083 9,488,761
Current liabilities:    
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities 609,360 1,164,055
Asset retirement obligations - current 2,778 2,778
Convertible note, net of discounts 1,217,597
Warrants liability 114,883
Total current liabilities 1,851,386 6,710,652
Long-term liabilities:    
Franchise tax accrual 9,450
Asset retirement obligations, net of current portion 48,313 45,535
Total Long-term liabilities 48,313 54,985
Total liabilities 1,899,699 6,765,637
Commitments and Contingencies (Note 7)
Stockholders’ Equity:    
Preferred stock, $0.0001 par value; 10,000,000 shares authorized; -0- shares issued and outstanding at October 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively
Common stock, $0.0001 par value; 490,000,000 shares authorized; 31,046,516 and 16,972,800 shares issued and outstanding as of October 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively 3,105 1,697
Stock subscription receivable (10,010) (10,010)
Additional paid-in capital 20,197,171 6,633,893
Accumulated deficit (10,446,882) (3,902,456)
Total stockholders’ equity 9,743,384 2,723,124
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity 11,643,083 9,488,761
Operators [Member]    
Current liabilities:    
Due to operators 21,651
Nonrelated Party [Member]    
Current liabilities:    
Notes payable 4,403,439
Related Party [Member]    
Current liabilities:    
Notes payable $ 1,025,497
XML 16 R3.htm IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT v3.24.1.1.u2
Balance Sheets (Parenthetical) - $ / shares
Oct. 31, 2023
Oct. 31, 2022
Statement of Financial Position [Abstract]    
Preferred stock, par value $ 0.0001 $ 0.0001
Preferred stock, shares authorized 10,000,000 10,000,000
Preferred stock, shares issued 0 0
Preferred stock, shares outstanding 0 0
Common stock, par value $ 0.0001 $ 0.0001
Common stock, shares authorized 490,000,000 490,000,000
Common stock, shares issued 31,046,516 16,972,800
Common stock, shares outstanding 31,046,516 16,972,800
XML 17 R4.htm IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT v3.24.1.1.u2
Statements of Operations - USD ($)
12 Months Ended
Oct. 31, 2023
Oct. 31, 2022
Income Statement [Abstract]    
Revenue
Operating expenses:    
Exploration expense 251,743 28,669
General and administrative expenses 3,311,886 768,379
Stock-based compensation expense 1,044,261 6,202
Accretion expense 2,778 2,778
Total operating expenses 4,610,668 806,028
Loss from operations (4,610,668) (806,028)
Other expenses:    
Interest expense 791,811 1,661,981
Penalty fees 1,322,933
Loss on settlement 13,051
Loss on note conversion 1,125,000
Licenses and fees 3,896 9,450
Total other expenses 1,933,758 2,994,364
Loss before income taxes (6,544,426) (3,800,392)
Provision for income taxes
Net loss $ (6,544,426) $ (3,800,392)
Basic and Diluted Net Loss per Common Share    
Basic $ (0.28) $ (0.26)
Diluted $ (0.28) $ (0.26)
Weighted Average Number of Common Shares Outstanding    
Basic 23,079,750 14,797,786
Diluted 23,079,750 14,797,786
XML 18 R5.htm IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT v3.24.1.1.u2
Statements of Changes in Stockholders' Equity - USD ($)
Common Stock [Member]
Share Subscription Receivables [Member]
Additional Paid-in Capital [Member]
Retained Earnings [Member]
Total
Balance at Oct. 31, 2021 $ 1,098 $ (50,545) $ 4,202,021 $ (102,064) $ 4,050,510
Balance, shares at Oct. 31, 2021 10,982,800        
Issuance of common stock for cash, net $ 1 40,000 19,999 60,000
Issuance of common stock for cash net, shares 10,000        
Net loss (3,800,392) (3,800,392)
Issuance of founders’ shares 8 535 543
Issuance of founders' shares, shares 80,000        
Issuance of security interest shares to investors $ 450 1,322,483 1,322,933
Issuance of security interest shares to investors, shares 4,500,000        
Issuance of warrants in connection with investor financing 994,091 994,091
Issuance of restricted stock units to outside directors $ 30 (30)
Issuance of restricted stock units to outside directors, shares 300,000        
Issuance of restricted shares to executives $ 110 (110)
Issuance of restricted stock units to executives, shares 1,100,000        
Interest imputed on note payable for acquisition of unproved oil and gas properties 89,237 89,237
Stock-based compensation 6,202 6,202
Balance at Oct. 31, 2022 $ 1,697 (10,010) 6,633,893 (3,902,456) 2,723,124
Balance, shares at Oct. 31, 2022 16,972,800        
Issuance of common stock for cash, net $ 40 371,960 372,000
Issuance of common stock for cash net, shares 400,000        
Issuance of conversion shares related to the January 2022 SPA $ 504 5,164,371 5,164,875
Issuance of conversion shares related to the SPA, shares 5,038,902        
Issuance of commitment shares related to the January 2022 SPA $ 38 1,124,962 1,125,000
Issuance of commitment shares related to the SPA, shares 375,000        
Issuance of common shares in IPO, net of underwriting discounts and offering costs $ 200 3,342,426 3,342,626
Issuance of common shares in IPO, net of underwriting discounts and offering costs, shares 2,000,000        
Issuance of pre-funded warrants 4,000 4,000
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of warrants, net $ 245 1,812,390 1,812,635
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of warrants, shares 2,449,466        
Issuance of common stock for services, net $ 29 366,630 366,659
Issuance of common stock for services, shares 285,500        
Issuance of restricted stock units under the Equity Incentive Plan $ 213 (213)
Issuance of restricted stock units under the Equity Incentive Plan, shares 2,125,000        
Issuance of common stock for warrants that can be exercised per the Resale S-1/A $ 120 (120)
Issuance of common stock for warrants that can be exercised per the Resale S-1/A, shares 1,199,848        
Issuance of equity warrants in connection with convertible debt (Tranche #1) 332,630 332,630
Stock-based compensation $ 19 1,044,242 1,044,261
Share-based compensation, shares 200,000        
Net loss (6,544,426) (6,544,426)
Balance at Oct. 31, 2023 $ 3,105 $ (10,010) $ 20,197,171 $ (10,446,882) $ 9,743,384
Balance, shares at Oct. 31, 2023 31,046,516        
XML 19 R6.htm IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT v3.24.1.1.u2
Statements of Cash Flows - USD ($)
12 Months Ended
Oct. 31, 2023
Oct. 31, 2022
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:    
Net loss $ (6,544,426) $ (3,800,392)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:    
Franchise tax fees (9,450) 9,450
Bad debt expense 25,000
Accretion expense 2,778 2,778
Conversion of January 2022 SPA 1,125,000
Debt discount - OID (140,000)
Amortization of debt discount 473,240 1,218,951
Write-off of January 2022 SPA receivable 80,000
Imputed interest 89,237
Stock-based compensation 1,044,261 6,202
Penalty fees 1,322,933
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:    
Prepaid expenses and other receivables (123,417) (13,846)
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities 110,180 582,543
Net cash used in operating activities (4,036,834) (502,144)
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:    
Other capital expenditures for unproved oil and gas properties (362,022)
Drilling costs for exploratory well (3,749,488)
Advances to operators 1,900,000
Due to operators 21,651
Net cash used in investing activities (2,189,859)
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:    
Proceeds from issuance of common stock, net 738,659 60,543
Proceeds from notes payable - investors 4,820,000
Repayment of notes payable (1,472,512) (2,920,000)
Proceeds from issuance of common stock in IPO 6,000,000
Cash paid for debt issuance costs (350,320) (575,438)
Proceeds from exercise of warrants, net 1,812,635
Cash paid for deferred offering costs (1,013,493) (888,190)
Proceeds from convertible note (Tranche #1) 2,000,000
Net cash provided by financing activities 7,714,969 496,915
NET CHANGE IN CASH 1,488,276 (5,229)
Cash - Beginning of period 73,648 78,877
Cash - End of period 1,561,924 73,648
Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information:    
Cash paid for interest
Cash paid for income taxes
Non-cash investing and financing activities:    
Issuance of warrants $ 332,630 $ 1,108,974
Issuance of RSUs 213 30
Issuance of common stock for warrants that can be exercised per the Resale S-1/A $ 120
Issuance of pre-funded warrants $ 4,000
XML 20 R7.htm IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT v3.24.1.1.u2
NATURE OF THE ORGANIZATION AND BUSINESS
12 Months Ended
Oct. 31, 2023
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]  
NATURE OF THE ORGANIZATION AND BUSINESS

NOTE 1 - NATURE OF THE ORGANIZATION AND BUSINESS

 

Company Organization

 

Trio Petroleum Corp. (“Trio Petroleum” or the “Company”) is an oil and gas exploration and development company headquartered in Bakersfield, California, with operations in Monterey County, California. The Company was incorporated on July 19, 2021, under the laws of Delaware to acquire, fund and develop oil exploration and production assets in California; it has no revenue-generating operations as of the date of this filing. The Company was formed to acquire Trio Petroleum LLC’s (“Trio LLC”) approximate 82.75% working interest, which was subsequently increased to an approximate 85.75% working interest, in the large, approximately 9,300-acre South Salinas Project located in Monterey, California, and subsequently partner with certain members of Trio LLC’s management team to develop and operate those assets. (see Note 5 and Note 6).

 

Acquisition of South Salinas Project

 

On September 14, 2021, the Company entered into a Purchase and Sale Agreement (“Trio LLC PSA”) with Trio LLC to acquire an 82.75% working interest in the South Salinas Project; the working interest included the purchased percentage of the South Salinas Project’s leases, wells and inventory in exchange for $300,000 cash, a non-interest-bearing note payable of $3,700,000 due to Trio LLC on December 17, 2021 (see Note 6 and Note 9) and 4,900,000 shares of the Company’s $0.0001 par value common stock (see Note 5 and Note 10). At the time of the acquisition, this share issuance constituted 45% of the total number of issued shares of the Company. The Company accounted for the purchase as an asset acquisition, as prescribed in Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 805 - Business Combinations. The assets and associated asset retirement obligations (“ARO”) were recorded based on relative fair value at the estimated fair value of the consideration paid (see Note 5). In April 2023, the Company purchased an additional 3% working interest in the South Salinas Project; see Note 5 for further information. As of October 31, 2023 and 2022, there were no proved reserves attributable to the approximate 9,300 acres of the property.

 

Initial Public Offering

 

The Company’s Registration Statement (Amendment No. 9) on Form S-1/A was filed with the SEC on March 24, 2023; its Initial Public Offering was declared effective on April 17, 2023 and closed on April 20, 2023 (collectively, the “Offering” or “IPO”). The Company sold 2,000,000 shares of its common stock for total gross proceeds of $6,000,000, which is described more fully in Note 4.

 

Emerging Growth Company

 

The Company is an “emerging growth company,” as defined in Section 2(a)(19) of the Securities Act, as modified by the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012 (the “JOBS Act”), and it may take advantage of certain exemptions from various reporting requirements that are applicable to other public companies that are not emerging growth companies including, but not limited to, not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in its periodic reports and proxy statements, and exemptions from the requirements of holding a nonbinding advisory vote on executive compensation and approval of any golden parachute payments not previously approved. Further, Section 102(b)(1) of the JOBS Act exempts emerging growth companies from being required to comply with new or revised financial accounting standards until private companies (that is, those that have not had a Securities Act registration statement declared effective or do not have a class of securities registered under the Exchange Act) are required to comply with the new or revised financial accounting standards. The JOBS Act provides that a company can elect to opt out of the extended transition period and comply with the requirements that apply to non-emerging growth companies but any such election to opt out is irrevocable. The Company has elected not to opt out of such extended transition period which means that when a standard is issued or revised and it has different application dates for public or private companies, the Company, as an emerging growth company, can adopt the new or revised standard at the time private companies adopt the new or revised standard. This may make comparison of the Company’s financial statements with another public company which is neither an emerging growth company nor an emerging growth company which has opted out of using the extended transition period difficult or impossible because of the potential differences in accounting standards used.

 

 

XML 21 R8.htm IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT v3.24.1.1.u2
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
12 Months Ended
Oct. 31, 2023
Accounting Policies [Abstract]  
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

NOTE 2 - SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

 

Basis of Presentation

 

The accompanying financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“US GAAP”).

 

Use of Estimates

 

The preparation of financial statements in accordance with US GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, equity-based transaction and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the revenue and expenses during the reporting period.

 

Making estimates requires management to exercise significant judgment. It is at least reasonably possible that the estimate of the effect of a condition, situation or set of circumstances that existed at the date of the financial statement, which management considered in formulating its estimate, could change in the near term due to one or more future confirming events. Some of the more significant estimates required to be made by management include estimates of oil and natural gas reserves (when and if assigned) and related present value estimates of future net cash flows therefrom, the carrying value of oil and natural gas properties, accounts receivable, bad debt expense, ARO and the valuation of equity-based transactions. Accordingly, actual results could differ significantly from those estimates.

 

Cash and cash equivalents

 

The Company considers all short-term investments with an original maturity of three months or less when purchased to be cash equivalents. The Company had no cash equivalents as of October 31, 2023 and 2022.

 

Prepaid Expenses

 

Prepaid expenses consist primarily of prepaid services which will be expensed as the services are provided within twelve months. As of October 31, 2023 and 2022, the balances of the prepaids account were $133,417 and $35,000, respectively.

 

Deferred Offering Costs

 

Deferred offering costs consist of professional fees, filing, regulatory and other costs incurred through the balance sheet date that are directly related to the planned IPO (see Note 4). As of October 31, 2023 and 2022, offering costs in the aggregate of $0 and $1,643,881, respectively, were deferred.

 

Debt Issuance Costs

 

Costs incurred in connection with the issuance of the Company’s debt have been recorded as a direct reduction against the debt and amortized over the life of the associated debt as a component of interest expense. As of October 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company recorded $350,320 and $575,438 in debt issuance costs.

 

Oil and Gas Assets and Exploration Costs - Successful Efforts

 

The Company’s projects are in early development and/or exploration stages and it has not yet realized any revenues from its operations. It applies the successful efforts method of accounting for crude oil and natural gas properties. Under this method, exploration costs such as exploratory, geological, and geophysical costs, delay rentals and exploratory overhead are expensed as incurred. If an exploratory property provides evidence to justify potential development of reserves, drilling costs associated with the property are initially capitalized, or suspended, pending a determination as to whether a commercially sufficient quantity of proved reserves can be attributed to the area as a result of drilling. At the end of each quarter, management reviews the status of all suspended exploratory property costs considering ongoing exploration activities; in particular, whether the Company is making sufficient progress in its ongoing exploration and appraisal efforts. If management determines that future appraisal drilling or development activities are unlikely to occur, associated exploratory well costs are expensed.

 

Costs to acquire mineral interests in crude oil and/or natural gas properties, drill and equip exploratory wells that find proved reserves and drill and equip development wells are capitalized. Acquisition costs of unproved leaseholds are assessed for impairment during the holding period and transferred to proven crude oil and/or natural gas properties to the extent associated with successful exploration activities. Significant undeveloped leases are assessed individually for impairment, based on the Company’s current exploration plans, and a valuation allowance is provided if impairment is indicated. Capitalized costs from successful exploration and development activities associated with producing crude oil and/or natural gas leases, along with capitalized costs for support equipment and facilities, are amortized to expense using the unit-of-production method based on proved crude oil and/or natural gas reserves on a field-by-field basis, as estimated by qualified petroleum engineers. As of October 31, 2023 and 2022, all of the Company’s oil and gas properties were classified as unproved properties and were not subject to depreciation, depletion and amortization.

 

 

Unproved oil and natural gas properties

 

Unproved oil and natural gas properties consist of costs incurred to acquire unproved leases. Unproved lease acquisition costs are capitalized until the lease expires or when the Company specifically identifies a lease that will revert to the lessor, at which time it charges the associated unproved lease acquisition costs to exploration costs.

 

Unproved oil and natural gas properties are not subject to amortization and are assessed periodically for impairment on a property-by-property basis based on remaining lease terms, drilling results or future plans to develop acreage. All of the Company’s natural gas properties were classified as unproved as of October 31, 2023 and 2022; see further discussion in Note 5.

 

Impairment of Other Long-lived Assets

 

The Company reviews the carrying value of its long-lived assets annually or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the historical cost-carrying value of an asset may no longer be appropriate. The Company assesses the recoverability of the carrying value of the asset by estimating the future net undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the asset, including eventual disposition. If the future net undiscounted cash flows are less than the carrying value of the asset, an impairment loss is recorded equal to the difference between the asset’s carrying value and estimated fair value. With regards to oil and gas properties, this assessment applies to proved properties.

 

As of October 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company had no impairment of long-lived assets.

 

Asset Retirement Obligations

 

ARO consists of future plugging and abandonment expenses on oil and natural gas properties. In connection with the South Salinas Project acquisition described above, the Company acquired the plugging and abandonment liabilities associated with six non-producing wells. The fair value of the ARO was recorded as a liability in the period in which the wells were acquired with a corresponding increase in the carrying amount of oil and natural gas properties not subject to impairment. The Company plans to utilize the six wellbores acquired in the South Salinas Project acquisition in future exploration activities. The liability is accreted for the change in its present value each period based on the expected dates that the wellbores will be required to be plugged and abandoned. The capitalized cost of ARO is included in oil and gas properties and is a component of oil and gas property costs for purposes of impairment and, if proved reserves are found, such capitalized costs will be depreciated using the units-of-production method. The asset and liability are adjusted for changes resulting from revisions to the timing or the amount of the original estimate when deemed necessary. If the liability is settled for an amount other than the recorded amount, a gain or loss is recognized.

 

Components of the changes in ARO for the years ended October 31, 2022 and 2023 are shown below:

 

 

ARO, ending balance - October 31, 2021  $45,535 
Accretion expense   2,778 
ARO, ending balance - October 31, 2022   48,313 
Accretion expense   2,778 
ARO, ending balance - October 31, 2023   51,091 
Less: ARO - current   2,778 
ARO, net of current portion - October 31, 2023  $48,313 

 

 

Related Parties

 

Related parties are directly or indirectly related to the Company, through one or more intermediaries and are in control, controlled by, or under common control with the Company. Related parties also include principal owners of the Company, its management, members of the immediate families of principal owners of the Company and its management and other parties with which the Company may deal if one party controls or can significantly influence the management or operating policies of the other to an extent that one of the transacting parties might be prevented from fully pursuing its own separate interests. The Company discloses all related party transactions. On September 14, 2021, the Company acquired an 82.75% working interest (which was subsequently increased to an 85.75% working interest as of April 2023) in the South Salinas Project from Trio LLC in exchange for cash, a note payable to Trio LLC and the issuance of 4.9 million shares of common stock. As of the date of the acquisition, Trio LLC owned 45% of the outstanding shares of the Company and was considered a related party. As of October 31, 2023 and 2022, Trio LLC owned less than 1% and 29%, respectively, of the outstanding shares of the Company.

 

Income Taxes

 

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. Deferred tax assets, including tax loss and credit carry forwards, and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date.

 

The Company utilizes ASC 740, Income Taxes, which requires the recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been included in the financial statements or tax returns. The Company accounts for income taxes using the asset and liability method to compute the differences between the tax basis of assets and liabilities and the related financial amounts, using currently enacted tax rates. A valuation allowance is recorded when it is “more likely than not” that a deferred tax asset will not be realized. At October 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company’s net deferred tax asset has been fully reserved.

 

For uncertain tax positions that meet a “more likely than not” threshold, the Company recognizes the benefit of uncertain tax positions in the financial statements. The Company’s practice is to recognize interest and penalties, if any, related to uncertain tax positions in income tax expense in the statements of operations when a determination is made that such expense is likely. The Company is subject to income tax examinations by major taxing authorities since inception.

 

Fair Value Measurements

 

The carrying values of financial instruments comprising cash and cash equivalents, payables, and notes payable-related party approximate fair values due to the short-term maturities of these instruments. The notes payable- related party is considered a level 3 measurement. As defined in ASC 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures, fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date (exit price). The Company utilizes market data or assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability, including assumptions about risk and the risks inherent in the inputs to the valuation technique. These inputs can be readily observable, market corroborated, or generally unobservable. ASC 820 establishes a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs used to measure fair value. The hierarchy gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1 measurement) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3 measurement). This fair value measurement framework applies to both initial and subsequent measurement.

 

Level 1: Quoted prices are available in active markets for identical assets or liabilities as of the reporting date.
   
Level 2: Pricing inputs are other than quoted prices in active markets included in Level 1, which are either directly or indirectly observable as of the reported date. Level 2 includes those financial instruments that are valued using models or other valuation methodologies.
   
Level 3: Pricing inputs include significant inputs that are generally less observable from objective sources. These inputs may be used with internally developed methodologies that result in management’s best estimate of fair value. The significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement for nonrecurring fair value measurements of long-lived assets include pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies and similar techniques.

 

 

There are no assets or liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis. Assets and liabilities accounted for at fair value on a non-recurring basis in accordance with the fair value hierarchy include the initial allocation of the asset acquisition purchase price, including asset retirement obligations, the fair value of oil and natural gas properties and the assessment of impairment.

 

The fair value measurements and allocation of assets acquired are measured on a nonrecurring basis on the acquisition date using an income valuation technique based on inputs that are not observable in the market and therefore represent Level 3 inputs. Significant inputs used to determine the fair value include estimates of: (i) reserves; (ii) future commodity prices; (iii) operating and development costs; and (iv) a market-based weighted average cost of capital rate. The underlying commodity prices embedded in the Company’s estimated cash flows are the product of a process that begins with NYMEX forward curve pricing, adjusted for estimated location and quality differentials, as well as other factors that the Company’s management believes will impact realizable prices. These inputs require significant judgments and estimates by the Company’s management at the time of the valuation.

 

The fair value of additions to the asset retirement obligation liabilities is measured using valuation techniques consistent with the income approach, which converts future cash flows to a single discounted amount. Significant inputs to the valuation include: (i) estimated plug and abandonment cost per well for all oil and natural gas wells and for all disposal wells; (ii) estimated remaining life per well; (iii) future inflation factors; and (iv) the Company’s average credit-adjusted risk-free rate. These assumptions represent Level 3 inputs.

 

If the carrying amount of its proved oil and natural gas properties, which are assessed for impairment under ASC 360 - Property, Plant and Equipment, exceeds the estimated undiscounted future cash flows, the Company will adjust the carrying amount of the oil and natural gas properties to fair value. The fair value of its oil and natural gas properties is determined using valuation techniques consistent with the income and market approach. The factors used to determine fair value are subject to management’s judgment and expertise and include, but are not limited to, recent sales prices of comparable properties, the present value of future cash flows, net of estimated operating and development costs using estimates of proved reserves, future commodity pricing, future production estimates, anticipated capital expenditures, and various discount rates commensurate with the risk and current market conditions associated with the expected cash flow projected. These assumptions represent Level 3 inputs.

 

Net Loss Per Share

 

Basic and diluted net loss per share is computed by dividing net loss by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the reporting period. Diluted earnings per share is computed similar to basic loss per share, except the weighted average number of common shares outstanding are increased to include additional shares from the assumed exercise of share options, warrants and convertible notes, if dilutive.

 

The following common share equivalents are excluded from the calculation of weighted average common shares outstanding, because their inclusion would have been anti-dilutive (see Note 10):

 

 

  

As of October 31,

  

As of October 31,

 
   2023   2022 
Warrants (Note 9, Note 10)   396,247(4)   693,107(1)
Convertible Notes (Note 9, Note 10)   -    2,772,429(2)
Commitment Shares (Note 9, Note 10)   -    321,428(3)
Restricted stock units and shares (Note 6, Note 10)   -    1,400,000(5)
Total potentially dilutive securities   396,247    4,486,964 

 

(1) Balance includes warrants issued per the January 2022 Securities Purchase Agreement (“January 2022 SPA”) with GPL Ventures, LLC (“GPL”), which are exercisable into up to 50% of the number of shares of common stock issued upon full conversion of the Notes, with an exercise price equal to the conversion price.
(2) Upon IPO, the debt will convert into a variable number of shares; the number of conversion shares is equal to the outstanding principal amount divided by the conversion price, which is equal to the lesser of a) the IPO price or b) the opening price of the common stock on the first trading day after the IPO multiplied by the discount of 50%.
(3) The number of commitment shares to be issued is a variable number of shares for a fixed total dollar amount of $1,125,000, which is 25% of the aggregate Notes principal balance divided by the offering price of the IPO.
(4) Balance consists of potentially dilutive shares based on 1,766,702 outstanding, equity classified warrants.
(5) Balance consists of restricted stock units granted to five outside directors and restricted shares issued to executives.

 

 

Environmental Expenditures

 

The operations of the Company have been, and may in the future be, affected from time to time to varying degree by changes in environmental regulations, including those for future reclamation and site restoration costs. Both the likelihood of new regulations and their overall effect upon the Company vary greatly and are not predictable. The Company’s policy is to meet or, if possible, surpass standards set by relevant legislation by application of technically proven and economically feasible measures.

 

Environmental expenditures that relate to ongoing environmental and reclamation programs are charged against earnings as incurred or capitalized and amortized depending on their future economic benefits. All of these types of expenditures incurred since inception have been charged against earnings due to the uncertainty of their future recoverability. Estimated future reclamation and site restoration costs, when the ultimate liability is reasonably determinable, are charged against earnings over the estimated remaining life of the related business operation, net of expected recoveries.

 

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

 

All recently issued but not yet effective accounting pronouncements have been deemed to be not applicable or immaterial to the Company.

 

Reclassification of Expenses

 

Certain amounts in the prior periods presented have been reclassified to the current period financial statement presentation. This reclassification has no effect on previously reported net income.

 

Subsequent Events

 

The Company evaluated all events and transactions that occurred after October 31, 2023 through the date of the filing of this report. See Note 11 for such events and transactions.

 

XML 22 R9.htm IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT v3.24.1.1.u2
GOING CONCERN AND MANAGEMENT’S LIQUIDITY PLANS
12 Months Ended
Oct. 31, 2023
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]  
GOING CONCERN AND MANAGEMENT’S LIQUIDITY PLANS

NOTE 3 - GOING CONCERN AND MANAGEMENT’S LIQUIDITY PLANS

 

As of October 31, 2023, the Company had $1,561,924 in its operating bank account and working capital deficit of $156,045. To date, the Company has been funding operations through proceeds from the issuance of common stock, financing through certain investors and its IPO, which closed with net proceeds of $4,940,000. Upon consummation of the IPO, the Company used the net proceeds to i) repay a non-interest-bearing note payable in the amount of $1,032,512, and ii) repay a bridge note with three investors with a principal amount of $440,000 (see Notes 7 and 9). Additionally, on October 4, 2023, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement (“October 2023 SPA”) with an institutional investor for convertible note financing in an aggregate principal amount of up to $3.5 million under two tranches; on that same date, the investor funded the first tranche for approximately $1.9 million (net of original issue discount of 7%).

 

The accompanying financial statements have been prepared on the basis that the Company will continue as a going concern over the next twelve months from the date of issuance of these financial statements, which assumes the realization of assets and the satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business. As of October 31, 2023, the Company has an accumulated deficit of $10,446,882 and has experienced losses from continuing operations. Based on the Company’s cash balance as of October 31, 2023 and projected cash needs for the twelve months following the issuance of these financial statements, management estimates that it will need to generate sufficient sales revenue and/or raise additional capital to cover operating and capital requirements. Management will need to raise the additional funds by issuing additional shares of common stock or other equity securities or obtaining additional debt financing. Although management has been successful to date in raising necessary funding and obtaining financing through investors, there can be no assurance that any required future financing can be successfully completed on a timely basis, or on terms acceptable to the Company. Based on these circumstances, management has determined that these conditions raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern for the twelve months following the issuance of these financial statements.

 

Accordingly, the accompanying financial statements have been prepared in conformity with U.S. GAAP, which contemplates continuation of the Company as a going concern and the realization of assets and the satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business. The financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.

 

 

XML 23 R10.htm IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT v3.24.1.1.u2
INITIAL PUBLIC OFFERING
12 Months Ended
Oct. 31, 2023
Initial Public Offering  
INITIAL PUBLIC OFFERING

NOTE 4 - INITIAL PUBLIC OFFERING

 

The Company’s Registration Statement (Amendment No. 9) on Form S-1/A was filed with the SEC on March 24, 2023; its Initial Public Offering was declared effective on April 17, 2023 and closed on April 20, 2023 (collectively, the “Offering” or “IPO”). The Company sold 2,000,000 shares of common stock at a public offering price of $3.00 per share for gross proceeds of $6,000,000. After deducting the underwriting commissions, discounts and offering expenses payable by the Company, it received net proceeds of approximately $4,940,000. The Company’s common stock is listed on the NYSE American under the symbol TPET. The Company also issued warrants to purchase 100,000 shares of common stock to the underwriters at an exercise price of $3.30 per share (110% of public offering price), the cost of which was offset to additional paid-in capital upon IPO.

 

XML 24 R11.htm IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT v3.24.1.1.u2
OIL AND NATURAL GAS PROPERTIES
12 Months Ended
Oct. 31, 2023
Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]  
OIL AND NATURAL GAS PROPERTIES

NOTE 5 - OIL AND NATURAL GAS PROPERTIES

 

The following tables summarize the Company’s oil and gas activities.

 

  

As of October 31,

  

As of October 31,

 
   2023   2022 
Oil and gas properties - not subject to amortization  $9,947,742   $5,836,232 
Accumulated impairment   -    - 
Oil and gas properties - not subject to amortization, net  $9,947,742   $5,836,232 

 

During the years ended October 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company incurred aggregate exploration costs of $251,743 and $28,669, respectively. For the current year, these expenses were exploratory, geological and geophysical costs and for the prior year, these costs were mainly for the purpose of the site surveys. All costs were expensed on the statement of operations during the applicable periods. For capitalized costs during the year ended October 31, 2023, the Company incurred $4,111,510, of which $4,011,510 and $100,000 pertained to the South Salinas Project and McCool Ranch Oil Field, respectively. Of the costs incurred during the current period for the South Salinas Project, $3,749,488 relates to the drilling of the HV-1 well and $262,022 relates to acquisition costs and the reserve analysis of the optioned assets (see Optioned Assets below, Note 6). The drilling, reserve analysis and acquisition costs were capitalized and are reflected in the balance of the oil and gas property as of October 31, 2023. During the year ended October 31, 2022, the Company paid a lessor a one-time, non-refundable payment of $252,512 to provide for an extension of the force majeure status of the property at that time; this amount was capitalized and reflected in the balance of the oil and gas property as of October 31, 2022.

 

Leases

 

As of October 31, 2023, the Company holds various leases related to the unproved properties of the South Salinas Project (see Note 6 and Note 7); two of the leases are held with the same lessor. The first lease, which covers 8,417 acres, was amended on May 27, 2022 to provide for an extension of then-current force majeure status for an additional, uncontested twelve months, during which the Company would be released from having to evidence to the lessor the existence of force majeure conditions. As consideration for the granting of the lease extension, the Company paid the lessor a one-time, non-refundable payment of $252,512; this amount was capitalized and reflected in the balance of the oil and gas property as of October 31, 2022. The extension period commenced on June 19, 2022; as of October 31, 2023, the “force majeure” status has been extinguished by the drilling of the HV-1 well, and the validity of the lease is maintained by the drilling of the well, which is in production testing.

 

The second lease covers 160 acres of the South Salinas Project; it is currently held by delay rental and is renewed every three years. Until drilling commences, the Company is required to make delay rental payments of $30/acre per year. The Company is currently in compliance with this requirement and has paid in advance the delay rental payment for the period from October 2022 through October 2023.

 

During February and March of 2023, the Company entered into additional leases related to the unproved properties of the South Salinas Project with two groups of lessors. The first group of leases covers 360 acres and has a term of 20 years; the Company is required to make rental payments of $25/acre per year. The Company is currently in compliance with this requirement and has paid in advance the rental payment for the period February 2023 through February 2024. The second group of leases covers 307.75 acres and has a term of 20 years; the Company is required to make rental payments of $30/acre per year. The Company is currently in compliance with this requirement and has paid in advance the rental payment for the period from March 2023 through March 2024.

 

As of October 31, 2023, the Company assessed the unproved properties of the South Salinas Project and those adjacent to it for impairment, analyzing future drilling plans, leasehold expiration and the existence of any known dry holes in the area. The Company did not record any impairment to the oil and gas property as of October 31, 2023, as all capitalized costs represent costs to acquire unproved property leases pending further development on the balance sheet. There is no depletion related to the oil and gas property as of October 31, 2023, as the Company does not currently have production and the acquired property is not subject to amortization as of that date.

 

 

Optioned Assets

 

On December 22, 2022, the Company and Trio LLC entered into the Fourth Amendment to the Trio LLC PSA (see Note 6). Per the terms of the Fourth Amendment, the Company was granted a 120-day option (commencing on January 1, 2023) to acquire any or all of the following three assets currently owned in part by Trio LLC (the “Optioned Assets”). The price for this option was $150,000, which was paid by the Company to Trio LLC in April 2023; this amount was capitalized and is reflected in the balance of the oil and gas property. The Optioned Assets are as follows:

 

  The McCool Ranch Oil Field (Hangman Hollow Area) asset with an option to acquire Trio LLC’s 44% working interest and their Operatorship;
  The Kern Front Field asset with an option to acquire Trio LLC’s 22% working interest and their Operatorship; and
  The Union Avenue Field with an option to acquire Trio LLC’s 20% working interest and their Operatorship;

 

The Optioned Assets are all located in California. In order to evaluate the Optioned Assets, the Company engaged KLS Petroleum Consulting, LLC (“KLSP”) to perform detailed analyses and estimations of the oil and gas reserves and of the fair market values of each of these three assets. These analyses have been completed, and as of October 31, 2023, the Company has paid approximately $39,000 to KLSP for the reserve analysis of the optioned assets; this amount has been capitalized and is reflected in the balance of the oil and gas properties on the balance sheet. Although 120-day option period has expired as of the fiscal year-end, the Company and Trio LLC are nevertheless continuing to work together cooperatively toward the goal of facilitating the Company’s acquisition of the other Optioned Assets.

 

Union Avenue Field Agreement

 

On May 12, 2023, the Company announced the signing of an Acquisition Agreement to potentially acquire up to 100% of the working interest in the Union Avenue Field. However, the Company and Trio LLC did not agree on terms and the transaction did not close.

 

McCool Ranch Oil Field Asset Purchase

 

On October 16, 2023, the Company entered into an agreement (“McCool Ranch Purchase Agreement”) with Trio LLC for purchase of a 21.918315% working interest in the McCool Ranch Oil Field located in Monterey County near the Company’s flagship South Salinas Project (see Note 6); the Assets are situated in what is known as the “Hangman Hollow Area” of the McCool Ranch Oil Field. The acquired property is an oil field developed with oil wells, a water-disposal well, steam generator, boiler, various tanks, in-field steam pipelines, oil pipelines and other facilities. The property is fully and properly permitted for oil and gas production, cyclic- steam injection and water disposal; however, it is currently idle (i.e., not producing), although operations to restart production have begun. The Company initially recorded a payment of $100,000 upon execution of the McCool Ranch Purchase Agreement, at which time Trio LLC began refurbishment operations with respect to the San Ardo WD-1 water disposal well (the “WD-1”) to determine if it is capable of reasonably serving the produced water needs for the assets, which Refurbishment was successfully accomplished. With Refurbishment successfully accomplished, the Company will pay an additional $400,000, which shall be used in restarting production operations on the assets. As of October 31, 2023, the Company has recorded the $100,000 payment as a capitalized cost; the balance is reflected in the balance of the oil and gas property as of year-end.

 

Additional Working Interest - South Salinas Project

 

In April 2023, the Company paid Trio LLC approximately $60,000 to acquire an additional 3.026471% working interest in the South Salinas Project, of which working interest amount is one-half (1/2) of the working interest that was acquired by Trio LLC; this amount was capitalized and is reflected in the balance of the oil and gas property (see Note 6).

 

 

XML 25 R12.htm IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT v3.24.1.1.u2
RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
12 Months Ended
Oct. 31, 2023
Related Party Transactions [Abstract]  
RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

NOTE 6 - RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

 

South Salinas Project - Related Party

 

The Company was originally formed to acquire Trio LLC’s working interest in the South Salinas Project, and subsequently partner with certain members of Trio LLC’s management to develop and operate those assets (see Note 1, Note 5). Trio LLC operates the South Salinas on behalf of the Company, and as operator, conducts and has full control of the operations and acts in the capacity of an independent contractor. Trio LLC currently holds a 3.8% working interest in the South Salinas Project and the Company holds an 85.75% working interest. The Company advances funds to Trio LLC to develop and operate the assets in the South Salinas Project; such funds have been classified in the long-term asset section of the balance sheet as Advance to Operators since April 2022, and as of October 31, 2023 and 2022, the balance of this account was $0 and $1,900,000, respectively.

 

Optioned Assets with Related Party

 

On December 22, 2022, the Company and Trio LLC entered into the Fourth Amendment to the Trio LLC PSA. Per the terms of the Fourth Amendment, the Company was granted a 120-day option (commencing on January 1, 2023) to acquire any or all of the following three assets currently owned in part by Trio LLC (the “Optioned Assets”). The price for this option was $150,000, which was paid by the Company to Trio LLC in April 2023; this amount was capitalized and is reflected in the balance of the oil and gas property. The Optioned Assets are as follows:

 

  The Hangman Hollow Field asset with an option to acquire Trio LLC’s 44% working interest and their Operatorship;
  The Kern Front Field asset with an option to acquire Trio LLC’s 22% working interest and their Operatorship; and
  The Union Avenue Field with an option to acquire Trio LLC’s 20% working interest and their Operatorship;

 

McCool Ranch Oil Field Asset Purchase - Related Party

 

On October 16, 2023, the Company entered into an agreement (“McCool Ranch Purchase Agreement”) with Trio LLC for purchase of a 21.918315% working interest in the McCool Ranch Oil Field located in Monterey County near the Company’s flagship South Salinas Project (see Note 6); the Assets are situated in what is known as the “Hangman Hollow Area” of the McCool Ranch Oil Field. The acquired property is an oil field developed with oil wells, a water-disposal well, steam generator, boiler, various tanks, in-field steam pipelines, oil pipelines and other facilities. The property is fully and properly permitted for oil and gas production, cyclic- steam injection and water disposal; however, it is currently idle (i.e., not producing), although operations to restart production have begun. The Company initially recorded a payment of $100,000 upon execution of the McCool Ranch Purchase Agreement, at which time Trio LLC began refurbishment operations with respect to the San Ardo WD-1 water disposal well (the “WD-1”) to determine if it is capable of reasonably serving the produced water needs for the assets, which Refurbishment was successfully accomplished. With Refurbishment successfully accomplished, the Company will pay an additional $400,000, which shall be used in restarting production operations on the assets. As of October 31, 2023, the Company has recorded the $100,000 payment as a capitalized cost; the balance is reflected in the balance of the oil and gas property as of year-end.

 

Additional Working Interest - South Salinas Project - Related Party

 

In April 2023, the Company paid Trio LLC approximately $60,000 to acquire an additional 3.026471% working interest in the South Salinas Project, of which working interest amount is one-half (1/2) of the working interest that was acquired by Trio LLC; this amount was capitalized and is reflected in the balance of the oil and gas property.

 

Notes Payable - Related Party

 

On September 14, 2021, the Company entered into a note payable with Trio LLC as part of the agreement for the purchase of an 82.75% working interest in the South Salinas Project (see Note 1). Per the Third Amendment signed on May 27, 2022, a portion of a previous payment made to Trio LLC was used to fund a lease extension payment to a third-party; as the payment previously made was to be used for other expenditures, the amount used to fund the lease extension was added to the remaining amount due to Trio LLC, increasing it from $780,000 to $1,032,512. Per an extension to the Fourth Amendment to the Trio LLC PSA, the Company made the final payment of $1,032,512 upon the consummation of the IPO. As of October 31, 2023 and 2022, the balance of the note payable was $0 and $1,025,497, respectively, with interest expense recognized of $7,015 and $120,337 for the years ended October 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Total payments made on the note payable for the years ended October 31, 2023 and 2022 were $1,032,512, and $2,920,000, respectively.

 

 

Restricted Stock Units (“RSUs”) issued to Directors

 

On July 11, 2022, the Company issued 60,000 shares of its $0.0001 par common stock to each of its five outside Directors with a fair value of $0.29 per share for an aggregate grant date value of $88,200. The fair value was calculated via a third-party valuation performed using income and market methods, as well as a discounted cash flow method, with the terminal value using a market multiples method, adjusted for a lack of marketability. The shares, or RSUs, vest in full upon the six-month anniversary of the IPO, subject to the directors’ continued service on the vesting date; upon issuance, the shares will be fully paid and non-assessable. Upon consummation of the IPO, the vesting period for these shares began and for the years ended October 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company recognized stock-based compensation in the amount of $88,200 and $0, respectively, within stock-based compensation expenses on the income statement, with unrecognized expense of $0 as of the period ended October 31, 2023.

 

On September 2, 2023, the Company issued an aggregate 425,000 shares of its $0.0001 par common stock to four outside directors with a fair value of $0.64 per share for a grant date value of $273,275. The shares, or RSUs, vest in full upon the six-month anniversary of the vesting commencement date (or August 28,2023), subject to the directors’ continued service on the vesting date. For the years ended October 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company recognized stock-based compensation in the amount of $96,016 and $0, respectively, within stock-based compensation expenses on the income statement, with unrecognized expense of $177,259 as of the period ended October 31, 2023.

 

Restricted Shares issued to Executives and Employees

 

In February 2022, the Company entered into employee agreements with Frank Ingriselli (Chief Executive Officer or “CEO”) and Greg Overholtzer (Chief Financial Officer or “CFO”) which, among other things, provided for the grant of restricted shares in the amounts of 1,000,000 and 100,000, respectively, pursuant to the 2022 Equity Incentive Plan (“the Plan”). Per the terms of the employee agreements, subject to continued employment, the restricted shares vest over a two-year period, under which 25% will vest upon the earlier of three months after the IPO or six months after the grant date. After this date, the remainder vest in equal tranches every six months until fully vested. As the Plan was not adopted until October 17, 2022 (see Note 7), these shares will be recorded as of that date at a fair value of $0.294 per share; such value was calculated via a third-party valuation performed using income and market methods, as well as a discounted cash flow method, with the terminal value using a market multiples method, adjusted for a lack of marketability (see Note 10). As of October 31, 2022, the Company recorded 1,100,000 restricted shares at a fair value of $323,400, and for the years ended October 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company recognized stock-based compensation of $161,700 and $6,202, respectively, within stock-based compensation expenses on the income statement, with unrecognized expense of $155,498 as of October 31, 2023.

 

In May 2023, the Company entered into six employee agreements which, among other things, provided for the grant of an aggregate of 700,000 restricted shares pursuant to the Plan. Per the terms of the employee agreements, subject to continued employment, the restricted shares vest as follows: 25% of the shares will vest five months after the issuance date, after which the remainder vest in equal tranches every six months until fully vested. The shares were recorded on the date of issuance at a fair value of $2.15 per share for an aggregate fair value of $1,505,000, and for the years ended October 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company recognized stock-based compensation of $440,219 and $0, respectively, within stock-based compensation expenses on the income statement, with unrecognized expense of $1,064,781 as of the period ended October 31, 2023.

 

On July 20, 2023, pursuant to the Ingriselli Employment Agreement (see above), the Company issued 200,000 restricted shares (subject to the Plan) as a discretionary annual bonus at a fair value of $1.07 per share to Mr. Ingriselli for an aggregate fair value of $213,000. The shares vested fully on July 24, 2023 and the Company recognized stock-based compensation of $213,000 within stock-based compensation expenses on the income statement for the period ended July 31, 2023.

 

On October 16, 2023, the Company and Michael L. Peterson entered into an employment agreement (the “Peterson Employment Agreement”), effective as of October 23, 2023, pursuant to which Mr. Peterson will serve as Chief Executive Officer of the Company, replacing Mr. Ingriselli. Pursuant to the Peterson Employment Agreement, Mr. Peterson will be paid an annual base salary of $350,000. In addition, Mr. Peterson is entitled to receive, subject to his continuing employment with the Company on the applicable date of the bonus payout, an annual target discretionary bonus of up to 100% of his annual base salary, payable at the discretion of the Compensation Committee of the Board based upon the Company’s and Mr. Peterson’s achievement of objectives and milestones to be determined on an annual basis by the Board.

 

Pursuant to the Peterson Employment Agreement, the Company issued Mr. Peterson is a grant of 1,000,000 shares of restricted stock pursuant to the Company’s Omnibus Incentive Compensation Plan (the “Plan”) at a fair value of $0.27 per share for a grant date fair value of $271,000. The restricted stock grant vests over a period of two years, with 25% of the shares of restricted stock vesting six months after the Peterson Employment Agreement Effective Date, and the remainder vesting in equal tranches on each of the 12-, 18-, and 24-month anniversary dates of the Peterson Employment Agreement. As of October 31, 2023, the Company recognized stock-based compensation of $3,341 within stock-based compensation expenses on the income statement, with unrecognized expense of $267,659.

 

 

Consulting Agreement - Related Party

 

On October 6, 2023, Mr. Ingriselli delivered notice of his resignation as the Company’s Chief Executive Officer, effective on October 23, 2023. Upon his resignation, Mr. Ingriselli will continue as a director and hold the title of “Vice Chairman” of the Board of Directors of the Company. In addition, on October 16, 2023, the Company and Global Venture Investments LLC (“Consultant”), a Delaware Limited Liability Company and a wholly owned consulting firm owned 100% by Mr. Ingriselli, entered into a consulting agreement, effective as of the date of resignation and continuing through December 31, 2023.  Pursuant to the Consulting Agreement, the Company will pay Mr. Ingriselli a cash consulting fee equal to $10,000 per month, payable within five business days after the commencement of each calendar month during the term of the Consulting Agreement. The Consulting Agreement terminated on December 31, 2023, in accordance with its terms.

 

XML 26 R13.htm IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT v3.24.1.1.u2
COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
12 Months Ended
Oct. 31, 2023
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]  
COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

NOTE 7 - COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

 

From time to time, the Company is subject to various claims that arise in the ordinary course of business. Management believes that any liability of the Company that may arise out of or with respect to these matters will not materially adversely affect the financial position, results of operations, or cash flows of the Company.

 

Unproved Property Leases

 

As of October 31, 2023, the Company holds various leases related to the unproved properties of the South Salinas Project (see Note 5); two of the leases are held with the same lessor. The first lease, which covers 8,417 acres, was amended on May 27, 2022 to provide for an extension of then-current force majeure status for an additional, uncontested twelve months, during which the Company would be released from having to evidence to the lessor the existence of force majeure conditions. As consideration for the granting of the lease extension, the Company paid the lessor a one-time, non-refundable payment of $252,512; this amount was capitalized and reflected in the balance of the oil and gas property as of October 31, 2022. The extension period commenced on June 19, 2022; as of October 31, 2023, the “force majeure” status has been extinguished by the drilling of the HV-1 well, and the validity of the lease is maintained by the drilling of the well, which is in production testing.

 

The second lease covers 160 acres of the South Salinas Project; it is currently held by delay rental and is renewed every three years. Until drilling commences, the Company is required to make delay rental payments of $30/acre per year. The Company is currently in compliance with this requirement and has paid in advance the delay rental payment for the period from October 2022 through October 2023.

 

During February and March of 2023, the Company entered into additional leases related to the unproved properties of the South Salinas Project with two groups of lessors. The first group of leases covers 360 acres and has a term of 20 years; the Company is required to make rental payments of $25/acre per year. The Company is currently in compliance with this requirement and has paid in advance the rental payment for the period February 2023 through February 2024. The second group of leases covers 307.75 acres and has a term of 20 years; the Company is required to make rental payments of $30/acre per year. The Company is currently in compliance with this requirement and has paid in advance the rental payment for the period from March 2023 through March 2024.

 

As of October 31, 2023, the Company assessed the unproved properties of the South Salinas Project and those adjacent to it for impairment, analyzing future drilling plans, leasehold expiration and the existence of any known dry holes in the area. Management concluded there is no impairment allowance required as of the balance sheet date.

 

Board of Directors Compensation

 

On July 11, 2022, the Company’s Board of Directors approved compensation for each of the non-employee directors of the Company, which would be effective upon the consummation of the IPO. Such compensation is structured as follows: an annual retainer of $50,000 cash plus an additional $10,000 for each Board committee upon which the Director serves, each paid quarterly in arrears. Payment for this approved compensation commenced upon successful completion of the Company’s IPO and as of October 31, 2023, the Company has recognized $156,154 in directors’ fees.

 

 

Agreements with Advisors

 

On July 28, 2022, the Company entered into an agreement with Spartan Capital Securities, LLC (“Spartan”) whereby Spartan will serve as the exclusive agent, advisor or underwriter in any offering of securities of the Company for the term of the agreement, which is one year. The agreement provides for a $25,000 non-refundable advance upon execution of the agreement and completion of a bridge offering to be credited against the accountable expenses incurred by Spartan upon successful completion of the IPO, a cash fee or an underwriter discount of 7.5% of the aggregate proceeds raised in the IPO, warrants to purchase a number of common shares equal to 5% of the aggregate number of common shares placed in the IPO, an expense allowance of up to $150,000 for fees and expenses of legal counsel and other out-of-pocket expenses and 1% of the gross proceeds of the IPO to Spartan for non-accountable expenses. The agreement also provides for an option to Spartan that is exercisable within 45 days after the closing of the IPO to purchase up to an additional 15% of the total number of securities offered by the Company in the IPO. For a period of 18 months following the July 28, 2023 expiration of the agreement, Spartan shall be entitled to receive the same 7.5% cash fee and 5% warrant coverage compensation under the “tail” terms of the agreement with respect to financing transactions the Company consummates with any party contacted or introduced by Spartan to the Company prior to the expiration of the Spartan agreement.

 

On April 20, 2023, pursuant to the agreement above, the Company issued representative warrants to Spartan to purchase up to an aggregate of 100,000 shares of common stock; these warrants may be exercised commencing from the closing of the Offering and expiring five years from the effective date of the registration statement at an exercise price of $3.30 (110% of the public offering price of the common stock).

 

Trio LLC - Monthly Consulting Fee

 

Pursuant to the Fourth Amendment to the Trio LLC PSA, the Company agreed, retroactively commencing on May 1, 2022, to accrue a monthly consulting fee of $35,000, due and payable by the Company to Trio LLC. This fee is intended to cover the work being done for the Company by Trio LLC’s employees prior to the closing date of the Company’s IPO. As of October 31, 2023, the Company has accrued and paid $406,000 in fees for these services.

 

On May 1, 2023, the Company entered into six employment agreements with Trio LLC employees; the agreements provide for compensation and restricted shares pursuant to the Plan (see Note 10) with a start date of May 1, 2023, provided that each individual continues to serve as an employee of Trio LLC on a part-time basis.

 

XML 27 R14.htm IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT v3.24.1.1.u2
INCOME TAXES
12 Months Ended
Oct. 31, 2023
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
INCOME TAXES

NOTE 8 - INCOME TAXES

 

The Company accounts for income taxes under ASC 740-10, which provides for an asset and liability approach of accounting for income taxes. Under this approach, deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized based on anticipated future tax consequences, using currently enacted tax laws, attributed to temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts calculated for income tax purposes.

 

Significant components of the Company’s deferred tax assets are summarized below.

 

   As of October 31,   As of October 31, 
   2023   2022 
Deferred tax assets:          
Net operating loss carry forwards  $1,095,000   $797,000 
Total deferred tax asset   1,095,000    797,000 
Valuation allowance   (1,095,000)   (797,000)
Deferred tax asset, net  $-   $- 

 

As of October 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company had approximately $1,095,000 and $797,000, respectively, in net operating loss carry-forwards for federal and state income tax reporting (tax effected) purposes. As a result of the Tax Cuts Job Act 2017 (the “Act”), certain future carryforwards do not expire. The Company has not performed a formal analysis but believes its ability to use such net operating losses and tax credit carryforwards in the future is subject to annual limitations due to change of control provisions under Sections 382 and 383 of the Internal Revenue Code, which will significantly impact its ability to realize these deferred tax assets.

 

 

The Company recorded a valuation allowance in the full amount of its net deferred tax assets since realization of such tax benefits has been determined by the Company’s management to be less likely than not. The valuation allowance increased $298,000 and $776,000 during the years ended October 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

 

A reconciliation of the statutory federal income tax benefit to actual tax benefit is as follows:

 

   As of October 31,   As of October 31, 
   2023   2022 
Federal statutory blended income tax rates   (21)%   (21)%
State statutory income tax rate, net of federal benefit   -%   -%
Change in valuation allowance   21%   21%
Effective tax rate   -%   -%

 

As of the date of this filing, the Company has not filed its 2023 federal and state corporate income tax returns. The Company expects to file these documents as soon as practicable.

 

The Company has evaluated its income tax positions and has determined that it does not have any uncertain tax positions. The Company will recognize interest and penalties related to any uncertain tax positions through its income tax expense.

 

XML 28 R15.htm IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT v3.24.1.1.u2
NOTES PAYABLE
12 Months Ended
Oct. 31, 2023
Debt Disclosure [Abstract]  
NOTES PAYABLE

NOTE 9 - NOTES PAYABLE

 

Notes payable as of October 31, 2023 and 2022 consisted of the following:

  

   

As of October 31,

   

As of October 31,

 
    2023     2022  
Notes payable - related party, net of discounts   $ -     $ 1,025,497  
Notes payable - investors, net of discounts     -       4,137,720  
Bridge note, net of discounts     -       265,719  
Convertible note, net of discounts     1,217,597       -  
Total Notes payable   $ 1,217,597     $ 5,428,936  

 

Notes Payable - Related Party

 

On September 14, 2021, the Company entered into a note payable with Trio LLC as part of the agreement for the purchase of an 82.75% working interest in the South Salinas Project (see Note 1). Per the Third Amendment signed on May 27, 2022, a portion of a previous payment made to Trio LLC was used to fund a lease extension payment to a third-party; as the payment previously made was to be used for other expenditures, the amount used to fund the lease extension was added to the remaining amount due to Trio LLC, increasing it from $780,000 to $1,032,512. Per an extension to the Fourth Amendment to the Trio LLC PSA, the Company made the final payment of $1,032,512 upon the consummation of the IPO. As of October 31, 2023 and 2022, the balance of the note payable was $0 and $1,025,497, respectively, with interest expense recognized of $7,015 and $120,337 for the years ended October 31, 2023, respectively. Total payments made on the note payable for years ended October 31, 2023 and 2022 were $1,032,512 and $2,920,000, respectively.

 

Notes Payable - Investors (January 2022 SPA)

 

On January 28, 2022, the Company entered into the January 2022 SPA with GPL, pursuant to which (i) in exchange for $4,500,000 in consideration, the Company issued senior secured convertible promissory notes (the “January 2022 Notes”) with an aggregate principal amount of $4,500,000 (ii) the Company issued warrants to purchase up to 50% of the number of shares of Common Stock issued upon the full conversion of the January 2022 Notes, and (iii) conditional upon a successful IPO, the Company agreed to issue commitment shares (“Commitment Shares”) to the investors (“GPL Investors”) upon the date of the Company’s IPO. The Notes were collateralized with a security interest in the oil and gas properties, which was to be perfected by April 28, 2022. In the event the collateral was not perfected by April 28, 2022, the Company was required to deliver 4,500,000 shares (“Default Shares”) to the investors. The Default Shares were initially held in escrow until the earlier of a) the granting and perfection of the security interest, b) the conversion of the January 2022 Notes upon the IPO or c) April 28, 2022. As the Company failed to perfect the security interest and no IPO occurred by April 28, 2022, the Default Shares were delivered to the investors on April 28, 2022. The shares were issued at a fair value of $0.29 per share for an aggregate value of $1,322,933, and this amount was recognized as penalty fees related to debt on the income statement.

 

 

The January 2022 Notes have a maturity date on the earlier of April 30, 2023 (such maturity date being extended initially from January 28, 2023 pursuant to the amendment to the January 2022 Notes signed on January 23, 2023 and again from February 28, 2023 pursuant to the second amendment to the January 2022 Notes signed on February 23, 2023) or the IPO and bear interest at a rate of 8% per annum, which is to be accrued and paid on the maturity date. Because the Company’s IPO did not occur by August 1, 2022 and the Company did not default on the January 2022 Notes, the interest percentage increased to 15% per annum. The principal and interest payable on the January 2022 Notes will automatically convert into shares upon the IPO. The conversion price is the lesser of i) the IPO price multiplied by the discount of 50% or ii) the opening price of the shares of Common Stock on the trading day following the date of the consummation of the IPO multiplied by the discount of 50%. The number of conversion shares is the outstanding principal amount divided by the conversion price. Upon the consummation of the IPO, the debt will convert into a fixed dollar amount of $9,000,000 of a variable number of shares.

 

Upon consummation of its IPO, the Company converted the aggregate outstanding principal and accrued interest balances of $4,500,000 and $664,875, respectively, into 5,038,902 shares of common stock; the number of conversion shares was calculated by dividing the aggregate balance of $5,164,875 by the opening trading price of its common stock on April 19, 2023 of $2.05, with a discount applied of 50%. The Company also issued 375,000 commitment shares, the number of which was calculated by taking 25% of the outstanding principal balance of $4,500,000 and dividing it by the IPO price of $3.00 per share, with the expense for issuing the commitment shares being recognized as a loss on the income statement as of April 30, 2023. As of October 31, 2023 and 2022, the balance of the Notes payable was $0 and $4,137,720, with interest expense of $674,405 and $1,136,811 for the years ended October 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

 

Bridge Note

 

During September 2022, the Company entered into an agreement or bridge note (“Bridge Note”) with three investors; the Bridge Note includes original issue discount senior notes (“Notes”) with gross proceeds of $444,000, a 10% Original Issue Discount (“OID”) of $44,000 and debt issuance costs of $70,438, for net proceeds of $329,562 to the Company. The Bridge Note included pre-funded warrants that permit the investors to purchase a number of shares of the Company’s common stock (equal to 100% of the original principal amount of the Notes), which can be exercised from the date of the warrant agreement to five years from the date of the Company’s IPO at an exercise price of $0.01. The Notes had a maturity date of the earlier of i) April 30, 2023 or ii) the completion of the IPO. The Notes bore interest at 8% per annum, which would waived if the Company completed a successful IPO within 90 days of the closing of financing; in the event of default, the interest percentage would increase to 15% per annum.

 

The Company also issued pre-funded warrants in connection with the Bridge Note to purchase a number of shares equal to the number of dollars of the Notes, or 400,000, at an exercise price of $0.01 per share; the Company determined the warrants are equity classified and can be exercised at any time from the date of the warrant agreement to five years from the date of the completion of the IPO. The Company also incurred debt issuance costs of $70,438 in connection with the issuance of the Notes and warrants. The values of the OID, warrants and debt issuance costs are recorded as debt discounts and amortized over the life of the Notes as interest expense.

 

Upon consummation of its IPO, the Company repaid the Bridge Note in the amount of $440,000 and interest was waived by the investors. As of October 31, 2023 and 2022, the balance of the Bridge Note (which is included within the Notes payable - investors, net of discounts line item on the balance sheet) is $0 and $265,719, respectively, with interest expense of $174,281 and $51,040 for the years ended October 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

 

Convertible note - investors (October 2023 SPA)

 

On October 4, 2023, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement (the “October 2023 SPA”) with an investor; the October 2023 SPA provides for loans in an aggregate principal amount of up to $3.5 million under two tranches, with first and second tranche fund amounts of $2.0 million and $1.5 million, respectively. The first tranche will be immediately funded upon closing and the second tranche will be funded after the Company provides written confirmation to the investor and subject to the mutual consent of the investor and the Company that (i) stockholder approval of the transactions has been obtained for the purpose of complying with the NYSE/NYSE American Rules; (ii) that a resale Registration Statement on Form S-1 (the “Resale Registration Statement”) has been declared effective by the SEC for the registration of the shares of Common Stock issuable upon conversion of the Note and the Warrant and (iii) there is no Event of Default (as defined in the October 2023 SPA that has occurred or will occur as a result of such additional funding and in full force and effect).

 

 

In consideration for the investor’s funding of the first tranche, the Company issued and sold to the investor, in a private placement, i) a senior secured convertible promissory note in the aggregate principal amount of $2,000,000 (the “Note”) and ii) a warrant to purchase up to 866,702 shares of Common Stock at an initial exercise price of $1.20 per share of Common Stock, subject to certain adjustments (the “Common Warrant”). The Note is initially convertible into shares of Common Stock at conversion price of $1.20, subject to certain adjustments (the “Conversion Price”), provided that the Conversion Price shall not be reduced below $0.35 (the “Floor Price”). The Note does not bear any interest and matures on April 4, 2025.

 

Upon the initial funding on October 4, 2023, the Company recorded gross proceeds of approximately $2.0 million, a 7% original issue discount of $140,000 and debt issuance costs of $350,320, for net proceeds of approximately $1.5 million. The Company also issued a warrant to purchase up to 866,702 shares of common stock with an aggregate relative fair value of $332,630; the factors used to determine fair value were a share price of $0.55, an exercise price of $1.20, an expected term of 5 years, annualized volatility of 137.10%, a dividend rate of zero percent and a discount rate of 4.72%.

 

Commencing on the earlier of (i) the day that is the four months after October 4, 2023 and (ii) the date on which the first Resale Registration Statement shall have been declared effective by the SEC, the Company is required to pay to the investor the outstanding principal balance under the Note in monthly installments, on such date and each one (1) month anniversary thereof, in an amount equal to 103% of the total principal amount multiplied by the quotient determined by dividing one by the number of months remaining until the maturity date of the Note, until the outstanding principal amount has been paid in full or, if earlier, upon acceleration, conversion or redemption of the Note in accordance with its terms. All monthly payments are payable by the Company, in cash, provided that under certain circumstances, as provided in the Note, the Company may elect to pay in shares of Common Stock.

 

As collateral for the obligations under the October 2023 SPA, the Company has granted to the investor a senior security interest in all of the Company’s assets (inclusive of intellectual property), subject to certain exceptions, as set forth in the Security Agreement (as defined in the October 2023 SPA). The Company has also entered into a Mortgage, Deed of Trust, Assignment of Production, Security Agreement and Financing Statement (the “Deed of Trust”) with the Investor granting to the Investor a security interest in certain oil and gas interests held by the Company in California (the “Deed of Trust”).

 

In connection with the October 2023 SPA, on October 4, 2023, the Company entered into voting agreements (collectively, the “Voting Agreements”) with certain Company stockholders, directors and officers, representing any aggregate of 4,025,000 shares of Common Stock, including Frank Ingriselli, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer, and a certain entity affiliated with Mr. Ingriselli. Pursuant to the Voting Agreements, each stockholder party thereto has agreed to vote its shares of Common Stock to approve the issuance of the securities under the Securities Purchase Agreement for the purpose of complying with the applicable NYSE/NYSE American Rules requiring stockholder approval for the Company’s issuance of shares of Common Stock, in connection with the transactions contemplated under the October 2023 SPA, in excess of 20% of the number of shares of Common Stock outstanding on the date hereof. Each Voting Agreement will terminate upon the sufficient stockholder vote required to approve the stockholder proposals in connection with respect to the transactions contemplated in the October 2023 SPA (the “Voting Agreement Expiration Date”).

 

In connection with the October 2023 SPA, on October 4, 2023, the Company entered into a registration rights agreement (the “October 2023 RRA”) with the investor pursuant to which the Registrable Securities (as defined therein) held by the investor, subject to certain conditions, are entitled to registration under the Securities Act. Pursuant to October 2023 RRA, the Company is required to, within 30 days after the date thereof, and within 10 days after the Closing of the Second Tranche (as such term is defined in the October 2023 SPA), file with the SEC (at the Company’s sole cost and expense) a Resale Registration Statement and to cause such Resale Registration Statement to be effective within 60 days after the applicable filing date, covering the resale by the Investor of the Registrable Securities.

 

Under the terms of the October 2023 SPA, the October 2023 RRA and the Note, the Company is required to reserve and register 13,161,976 shares of Common Stock in a Resale Registration Statement which such number represents 200% of the number of shares on the exercise of the Common Warrants and 200% of the number of shares upon the conversion of the Note.

 

 

XML 29 R16.htm IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT v3.24.1.1.u2
STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
12 Months Ended
Oct. 31, 2023
Equity [Abstract]  
STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

NOTE 10 - STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

 

Common Shares

 

The Company is authorized to issue an aggregate of 500,000,000 shares. The authorized capital stock is divided into: (i) 490,000,000 shares of common stock having a par value of $0.0001 per share and (ii) 10,000,000 shares of preferred stock having a par value of $0.0001 per share.

 

In January 2022, the Company entered into the January 2022 SPA with GPL, which has warrants attached that are exercisable into up to 50% of the number of shares of common stock issued upon full conversion of the Notes. The Company determined the warrants are equity classified and used a third party to perform a valuation to estimate their fair market value at January 28, 2022, which was $994,091.

 

On April 28, 2022, the Company issued 4,500,000 shares of its $0.0001 par common stock at a price of $0.29 per share for a total aggregate fair value of $1,322,933 to GPL as default shares in connection with the January 2022 SPA (see Note 3, Note 6 and Note 9).

 

On July 11, 2022, the Company issued 60,000 shares of its $0.0001 par common stock to each of its five outside Directors for a total aggregate amount of 300,000 shares. The shares, or RSUs, vest in full upon the six-month anniversary of the IPO, subject to the directors’ continued service on the vesting date; upon issuance, the shares will be fully paid and non-assessable. The RSUs were recorded at a fair value of $0.29 per share for a total value of $88,200. Upon consummation of the IPO, the vesting period for these shares began and for the years ended October 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company recognized stock-based compensation in the amount of $88,200 and $0, respectively, within stock-based compensation expenses on the income statement, with unrecognized expense of $0 as of the period ended October 31, 2023.

 

On October 17, 2022, the Company issued 1,100,000 restricted shares to two of its executives pursuant to the Plan. As the Plan was not adopted until October 17, 2022, these shares were recorded as of that date at a fair value of $0.29 per share; such value was calculated via a third-party valuation performed using income and market methods, as well as a discounted cash flow method, with the terminal value using a market multiples method, adjusted for a lack of marketability. As of October 31, 2022, the Company recorded 1,100,000 restricted shares at a fair value of $323,400 and for the years ended October 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company recognized stock-based compensation of $161,700 and $6,202, respectively, within stock-based compensation expenses on the income statement, with unrecognized expense of $155,498 as of October 31, 2023.

 

In December 2022, the Company entered into subscription agreements with two accredited investors for the aggregate issuance of 400,000 common shares for aggregate gross cash proceeds of $400,000. The common shares are $0.0001 par value and have a purchase price of $1.00 per share.

 

In April 2023, the Company consummated its IPO and sold 2,000,000 shares of common stock at a public offering price of $3.00 per share for gross proceeds of $6,000,000.

 

In April 2023, upon consummation of its IPO, the Company also issued 375,000 commitment shares, the number of which was calculated by taking 25% of the outstanding principal balance of the January 2022 Notes of $4,500,000 and dividing it by the IPO price of $3.00 per share

 

On April 20, 2023, the Company issued 12,500 shares of common stock at a fair value of $2.00 per share to consultants in exchange for services rendered; the aggregate amount of $25,000 was recorded as fees for professional services as of the end of the period.

 

On May 1, 2023, the Company issued 700,000 restricted shares to six of its employees pursuant to the Plan (see Note 6); the shares were recorded at a fair value of $2.15 per share for an aggregate grant date fair value of $1,505,000, and for the years ended October 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company recognized stock-based compensation of $440,219 and $0, respectively, within stock-based compensation expenses on the income statement, with unrecognized expense of $1,064,781 as of the period ended October 31, 2023.

 

 

On May 2, 2023, June 23, 2023 and July 11, 2023, the Company issued 25,000, 100,000 and 100,000 shares of common stock, par value of $0.0001, respectively, at a fair value of $2.10, $0.88 and $1.21, respectively, to consultants in exchange for services rendered; the aggregate amounts of $52,500, $88,000 and $121,000, respectively, were recorded as fees for professional services as of the end of the period.

 

On June 30, 2023, the Company issued 48,000 shares of common stock, par value of $0.0001, at a fair value of $1.67 to Marcum, LLP for an aggregate amount of $80,159 for partial satisfaction of an account payable.

 

On June 30, 2023, the Company issued a Form S-1/A, which registered for resale (i) up to 3,149,314 shares of common stock, par value $0.0001 per share which the selling stockholders may acquire upon the exercise of outstanding common warrants and (ii) up to 500,000 shares of common stock, which the selling stockholders may acquire upon the exercise of outstanding pre-funded warrants. Such warrants were issued to the selling stockholders in connection with securities purchase agreements entered into on January 28, 2022 and September 20, 2022. The Company recorded 699,848 shares of common stock that are not exercised but registered in accordance with their common warrant agreements and 500,000 shares of common stock that are not exercised but registered in accordance with their pre-funded warrant agreements upon the filing of this Form S-1/A.

 

On July 20, 2023, the Company issued 200,000 restricted shares pursuant to the Plan to Mr. Ingriselli (see Note 6) at a fair value of $1.07 per share for an aggregate fair value of $213,000. The shares vested fully on July 24, 2023 and the Company recognized stock-based compensation for the full value of the shares as of the end of the period.

 

On September 2, 2023, the Company issued 425,000 shares of its $0.0001 par common stock to four outside Directors with a fair value of $0.64 per share for a grant date value of $273,275. The shares, or RSUs, vest in full upon the six-month anniversary of the vesting commencement date (or August 28,2023), subject to the directors’ continued service on the vesting date. For the years ended October 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company recognized stock-based compensation in the amount of $96,016 and $0, respectively, within stock-based compensation expenses on the income statement, with unrecognized expense of $177,259 as of the period ended October 31, 2023.

 

On October 16, 2023, pursuant to the Peterson Employment Agreement, the Company issued Mr. Peterson is a grant of 1,000,000 shares of restricted stock pursuant to the Plan at a fair value of $0.27 per share for a grant date fair value of $271,000. The restricted stock grant vests over a period of two years, with 25% of the shares of restricted stock vesting six months after the Peterson Employment Agreement Effective Date, and the remainder vesting in equal tranches on each of the 12-, 18-, and 24-month anniversary dates of the Peterson Employment Agreement. As of October 31, 2023, the Company recognized stock-based compensation of $3,341 within stock-based compensation expenses on the income statement, with unrecognized expense of $267,659.

 

Warrants

 

January 2022 SPA with GPL Warrants

 

In January 2022, the Company entered into the January 2022 SPA with GPL, which had warrants attached that were exercisable into up to 50% of the number of shares of common stock issued upon full conversion of the Notes. The Company determined the warrants were equity classified and used a third party to perform a valuation to estimate their fair market value at January 28, 2022, which was $994,091. The factors used to determine their fair value were a term of 3 years, volatility of 92%, a share price based on comparable companies and an exercise price of 50% of the stock price upon the Company’s IPO.

 

Upon consummation of the IPO, the Company issued an aggregate of 2,519,451 warrants to the GPL investors at an exercise price of $1.03 and an expiration date of 3 years from the date of the IPO; on July 10, 2023, the Company entered into amendments to the warrant agreements with five of the six investors, whereby i) the exercise price was reduced from $1.03 to $0.80 and ii) the number of warrants was increased by a factor of 1.25 or 489,893 warrants in order to induce full, immediate exercise. Accordingly, 2,449,466 warrants (original number of warrants was 1,959,573) were exercised at an exercise price of $0.80 per share for aggregate proceeds (net of equity issuance costs of $146,938) of $1,812,635. The shares issued for the exercise of these warrants were registered for resale as part of the Form S-1/A filed on June 30, 2023. The Company accounted for the amendments as warrant modifications, whereby the effect of the modifications is measured as the difference in relative fair value immediately before the modification and after the modification; and any increase to the relative fair value is recognized as equity issuance costs.

 

 

To assess for the change in relative fair value, the Company performed a Black Scholes Option Model calculation to quantify the fair value of 1,959,573 common warrants under their original terms as of the modification date using the following assumptions: a share price of $1.43, an exercise price of $1.03, an expected term of 3.0 years, volatility of 136%, a dividend rate of 0% and a discount rate of 4.54%. The Company then performed a Black Scholes Option Model calculation to quantify the fair value of 2,449,466 common warrants with their new modified terms as of the modification date using the following assumptions: a share price of $1.53, an exercise price of $0.80, an expected term of 3.0 years, volatility of 136%, a dividend rate of 0% and a discount rate of 4.54%. The aggregate difference of approximately $0.3 million between the two calculated amounts was recorded as an equity issuance cost within equity during the period to account for the change in relative fair value.

 

On September 20, 2023, the Company and the sixth GPL investor entered into an amendment to their particular warrant agreement, pursuant to which the Company agreed to amend the warrant held by the holder in order to (i) reduce the exercise price of the warrant from an exercise price of $1.03 per share to $0.11 per share and (ii) add a customary cashless exercise provision to the warrant. On September 21, 2023, the holder delivered a notice of exercise to the Company exercising the Warrant, in full, on a “cashless basis,” pursuant to which an aggregate of 451,831 shares of common stock were issued to the holder on or before September 25, 2023.

 

The Company accounted for the amendments as warrant modifications, whereby the effect of the modifications is measured as the difference in relative fair value immediately before the modification and after the modification; and any increase to the relative fair value is recognized as equity issuance costs.

 

To assess for the change in relative fair value, the Company performed a Black Scholes Option Model calculation to quantify the fair value of 559,878 common warrants under their original terms as of the modification date using the following assumptions: a share price of $0.57, an exercise price of $1.03, an expected term of 3.0 years, volatility of 148%, a dividend rate of 0% and a discount rate of 4.82%. The Company then performed a Black Scholes Option Model calculation to quantify the fair value of 451,831 common warrants with their new modified terms as of the modification date using the following assumptions: a share price of $0.57, an exercise price of $0.11, an expected term of 3.0 years, volatility of 148%, a dividend rate of 0% and a discount rate of 4.82%. The aggregate difference of less than $1,000 between the two calculated amounts was recorded as an equity issuance cost within equity during the period to account for the change in relative fair value.

 

Other Warrants

 

In December 2022, the Company entered into subscription agreements with two accredited investors for the aggregate issuance of 400,000 common shares, as well as warrants to purchase additional shares up to the initial subscription amount; the warrants are exercisable for two years and have an exercise price equal to fifty percent of the price per share the Company sells its common shares in its IPO. The warrants were determined to be equity classified and were recorded at fair value in additional paid-in capital on the balance sheet for the period. Their fair value was based on the price the third-party investors paid for the original subscription agreements described above.

 

The Company also issued warrants to purchase 100,000 shares of common stock to the underwriters at an exercise price of $3.30 per share (110% of public offering price).

 

 

A summary of the warrant activity during the years ended October 31, 2023 and 2022 is presented below:

  

  

Number of

Warrants

  

Weighted

Average

Exercise

Price

  

Weighted

Average

Remaining

Life in

Years

  

Intrinsic

Value

 
                 
Outstanding, November 1, 2021   -   $-    -   $- 
Issued   -    -    -    - 
Outstanding, November 1, 2022   -    -    -    - 
Issued   4,776,046    1.04    3.1    - 
Exercised   (2,901,298)   1.03    -    - 
Cancelled   -    -    -    - 
Expired   (108,047)   -    -    - 
Outstanding, October 31, 2023   1,766,702   $1.12    3.9   $211,200 
                     
Exercisable, October 31, 2023   1,766,702   $1.12    3.9   $211,200 

 

A summary of outstanding and exercisable warrants as of October 31, 2023 is presented below:

 

 Warrants Outstanding    Warrants Exercisable 
           Weighted      
           Average      
 Exercise    Number of    Remaining    Number of 
 Price    Shares    Life in Years    Shares 
$0.01    400,000    4.5    400,000 
$1.50    400,000    1.1    400,000 
$3.30    100,000    4.5    100,000 
$1.20    866,702    4.9    866,702 
      1,766,702    3.9    1,766,702 

 

 

Stock Options

 

A summary of the option activity during the years ended October 31, 2023 and 2022 is presented below:

 

  

Number of

Options

  

Weighted

Average

Exercise

Price

  

Weighted

Average

Remaining

Life in

Years

  

Intrinsic

Value

 
                 
Outstanding, November 1, 2021   -   $-    -   $- 
Issued   -    -    -    - 
Outstanding, November 1, 2022   -    -    -    - 
Issued   120,000    0.52    4.8    1,800 
Exercised   -    -    -    - 
Cancelled   -    -    -    - 
Expired   -    -    -    - 
Outstanding, October 31, 2023   120,000   $0.52    4.8   $1,800 
                     
Exercisable, October 31, 2023   90,000   $0.52    4.8   $1,350 

 

A summary of outstanding and exercisable options as of October 31, 2023 and 2022 is presented below:

 

 Options Outstanding    Options Exercisable 
           Weighted      
           Average      
 Exercise    Number of    Remaining    Number of 
 Price    Shares    Life in Years    Shares 
$0.52    120,000    4.8    90,000 
      120,000    4.8    90,000 

 

On August 15, 2023, the Company issued five-year options to purchase 120,000 shares of the Company’s common stock to a consultant of the Company, pursuant to the Plan. The options have an exercise price of $0.52 per share and vest monthly over a period of 24 months, beginning on the vesting commencement date. The options have a grant date fair value of $55,711, which will be recognized over the vesting term.

 

The assumptions used in the Black-Scholes valuation method for these options issued in 2023 were as follows:

 

Risk free interest rate   4.36%
Expected term (years)   5.0
Expected volatility   137.1%
Expected dividends   0%

 

 

XML 30 R17.htm IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT v3.24.1.1.u2
SUBSEQUENT EVENTS
12 Months Ended
Oct. 31, 2023
Subsequent Events [Abstract]  
SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

NOTE 11 - SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

 

In accordance with ASC 855 - Subsequent Events, which establishes general standards of accounting for and disclosure of events that occur after the balance sheet date but before financial statements are issued, the Company has evaluated all events and transactions that occurred after October 31, 2023, through the date the financial statements were issued. Except for the following, there are no subsequent events identified that would require disclosure in the financial statements.

 

Resale Form S-1

 

On November 11, 2023, the Company filed a Form S-1 for the resale of i) up to 11,428,572 shares of common stock issuable upon conversion of a senior secured convertible promissory note, ii) up to 1,733,404 shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of a common warrant, and iii) up to 83,333 shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of a placement agent warrant.

 

First Amendment to the Resales Form S-1

 

On December 6, 2023, the Company filed the first amendment to the Form S-1 filed with the SEC on November 3, 2023.

 

Asphalt Ridge Option Agreement and Amendment

 

On November 10, 2023, the Company entered into a leasehold acquisition and development option agreement (“AR Agreement”) with Heavy Sweet Oil LLC (“Heavy Sweet”) to purchase up to a 20% production share (“Asphalt Ridge Option”) in certain leases in eastern Utah totaling 960 acres. The Asphalt Ridge Option has a term of nine months, through August 10, 2024, and gives the Company the exclusive right, but not the obligation, to acquire up to a 20% interest in the leases for $2,000,000, which may be invested in tranches, provided that the initial tranche closing occurs during the option period and subsequent tranches occur as soon thereafter as practical within the Asphalt Ridge Option period, with each tranche providing the Company a portion of the ownership of the leases. Upon receipt of any funding from the Company pursuant to the Asphalt Ridge Option, Heavy Sweet is required to pay that amount to the named operator of the properties, to pay for engineering, procurement, operations, sales, and logistics activities on the properties.

 

On December 29, 2023, the Company and Heavy Sweet entered into an Amendment to the AR Agreement (the “AR Amendment”), pursuant to which the Company and Heavy Sweet amended the AR Agreement to provide that, within three business days of the effective date of the AR Amendment, the Company would fund $200,000 of the $2,000,000 total purchase price in exchange for the Company receiving an immediate 2% interest in the leases, which advanced funds would be used solely for the building of roads and related infrastructure in furtherance of the development plan. On December 29, 2023, the Company paid the $200,000 advance to Heavy Sweet and was assigned a 2% interest in the leases.

 

Amendment to October 2023 SPA and Second Tranche Financing

 

On December 29, 2023, the Company and an investor entered into an Amendment to the October 2023 SPA (see Note 9), whereby in connection with the closing of the second tranche, (i) the fixed conversion price of the convertible promissory note issued and (ii) the exercise price of the warrant issued in connection with the second tranche were both reduced from $1.20 to $0.50. The closing of the second tranche will be in the principal amount of $550,000.

 

On January 2, 2024, the Company closed on the second tranche and received gross proceeds of $511,500; in consideration for the funding, the Company issued to the investor a note in the principal amount of $550,000 with a conversion price of $0.50, subject to certain adjustments and a warrant to purchase up to 445,561 shares of common stock at an initial exercise price of $0.50 per share, subject to certain adjustments.

XML 31 R18.htm IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT v3.24.1.1.u2
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Policies)
12 Months Ended
Oct. 31, 2023
Accounting Policies [Abstract]  
Basis of Presentation

Basis of Presentation

 

The accompanying financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“US GAAP”).

 

Use of Estimates

Use of Estimates

 

The preparation of financial statements in accordance with US GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, equity-based transaction and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the revenue and expenses during the reporting period.

 

Making estimates requires management to exercise significant judgment. It is at least reasonably possible that the estimate of the effect of a condition, situation or set of circumstances that existed at the date of the financial statement, which management considered in formulating its estimate, could change in the near term due to one or more future confirming events. Some of the more significant estimates required to be made by management include estimates of oil and natural gas reserves (when and if assigned) and related present value estimates of future net cash flows therefrom, the carrying value of oil and natural gas properties, accounts receivable, bad debt expense, ARO and the valuation of equity-based transactions. Accordingly, actual results could differ significantly from those estimates.

 

Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents

 

The Company considers all short-term investments with an original maturity of three months or less when purchased to be cash equivalents. The Company had no cash equivalents as of October 31, 2023 and 2022.

 

Prepaid Expenses

Prepaid Expenses

 

Prepaid expenses consist primarily of prepaid services which will be expensed as the services are provided within twelve months. As of October 31, 2023 and 2022, the balances of the prepaids account were $133,417 and $35,000, respectively.

 

Deferred Offering Costs

Deferred Offering Costs

 

Deferred offering costs consist of professional fees, filing, regulatory and other costs incurred through the balance sheet date that are directly related to the planned IPO (see Note 4). As of October 31, 2023 and 2022, offering costs in the aggregate of $0 and $1,643,881, respectively, were deferred.

 

Debt Issuance Costs

Debt Issuance Costs

 

Costs incurred in connection with the issuance of the Company’s debt have been recorded as a direct reduction against the debt and amortized over the life of the associated debt as a component of interest expense. As of October 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company recorded $350,320 and $575,438 in debt issuance costs.

 

Oil and Gas Assets and Exploration Costs - Successful Efforts

Oil and Gas Assets and Exploration Costs - Successful Efforts

 

The Company’s projects are in early development and/or exploration stages and it has not yet realized any revenues from its operations. It applies the successful efforts method of accounting for crude oil and natural gas properties. Under this method, exploration costs such as exploratory, geological, and geophysical costs, delay rentals and exploratory overhead are expensed as incurred. If an exploratory property provides evidence to justify potential development of reserves, drilling costs associated with the property are initially capitalized, or suspended, pending a determination as to whether a commercially sufficient quantity of proved reserves can be attributed to the area as a result of drilling. At the end of each quarter, management reviews the status of all suspended exploratory property costs considering ongoing exploration activities; in particular, whether the Company is making sufficient progress in its ongoing exploration and appraisal efforts. If management determines that future appraisal drilling or development activities are unlikely to occur, associated exploratory well costs are expensed.

 

Costs to acquire mineral interests in crude oil and/or natural gas properties, drill and equip exploratory wells that find proved reserves and drill and equip development wells are capitalized. Acquisition costs of unproved leaseholds are assessed for impairment during the holding period and transferred to proven crude oil and/or natural gas properties to the extent associated with successful exploration activities. Significant undeveloped leases are assessed individually for impairment, based on the Company’s current exploration plans, and a valuation allowance is provided if impairment is indicated. Capitalized costs from successful exploration and development activities associated with producing crude oil and/or natural gas leases, along with capitalized costs for support equipment and facilities, are amortized to expense using the unit-of-production method based on proved crude oil and/or natural gas reserves on a field-by-field basis, as estimated by qualified petroleum engineers. As of October 31, 2023 and 2022, all of the Company’s oil and gas properties were classified as unproved properties and were not subject to depreciation, depletion and amortization.

 

 

Unproved oil and natural gas properties

Unproved oil and natural gas properties

 

Unproved oil and natural gas properties consist of costs incurred to acquire unproved leases. Unproved lease acquisition costs are capitalized until the lease expires or when the Company specifically identifies a lease that will revert to the lessor, at which time it charges the associated unproved lease acquisition costs to exploration costs.

 

Unproved oil and natural gas properties are not subject to amortization and are assessed periodically for impairment on a property-by-property basis based on remaining lease terms, drilling results or future plans to develop acreage. All of the Company’s natural gas properties were classified as unproved as of October 31, 2023 and 2022; see further discussion in Note 5.

 

Impairment of Other Long-lived Assets

Impairment of Other Long-lived Assets

 

The Company reviews the carrying value of its long-lived assets annually or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the historical cost-carrying value of an asset may no longer be appropriate. The Company assesses the recoverability of the carrying value of the asset by estimating the future net undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the asset, including eventual disposition. If the future net undiscounted cash flows are less than the carrying value of the asset, an impairment loss is recorded equal to the difference between the asset’s carrying value and estimated fair value. With regards to oil and gas properties, this assessment applies to proved properties.

 

As of October 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company had no impairment of long-lived assets.

 

Asset Retirement Obligations

Asset Retirement Obligations

 

ARO consists of future plugging and abandonment expenses on oil and natural gas properties. In connection with the South Salinas Project acquisition described above, the Company acquired the plugging and abandonment liabilities associated with six non-producing wells. The fair value of the ARO was recorded as a liability in the period in which the wells were acquired with a corresponding increase in the carrying amount of oil and natural gas properties not subject to impairment. The Company plans to utilize the six wellbores acquired in the South Salinas Project acquisition in future exploration activities. The liability is accreted for the change in its present value each period based on the expected dates that the wellbores will be required to be plugged and abandoned. The capitalized cost of ARO is included in oil and gas properties and is a component of oil and gas property costs for purposes of impairment and, if proved reserves are found, such capitalized costs will be depreciated using the units-of-production method. The asset and liability are adjusted for changes resulting from revisions to the timing or the amount of the original estimate when deemed necessary. If the liability is settled for an amount other than the recorded amount, a gain or loss is recognized.

 

Components of the changes in ARO for the years ended October 31, 2022 and 2023 are shown below:

 

 

ARO, ending balance - October 31, 2021  $45,535 
Accretion expense   2,778 
ARO, ending balance - October 31, 2022   48,313 
Accretion expense   2,778 
ARO, ending balance - October 31, 2023   51,091 
Less: ARO - current   2,778 
ARO, net of current portion - October 31, 2023  $48,313 

 

 

Related Parties

Related Parties

 

Related parties are directly or indirectly related to the Company, through one or more intermediaries and are in control, controlled by, or under common control with the Company. Related parties also include principal owners of the Company, its management, members of the immediate families of principal owners of the Company and its management and other parties with which the Company may deal if one party controls or can significantly influence the management or operating policies of the other to an extent that one of the transacting parties might be prevented from fully pursuing its own separate interests. The Company discloses all related party transactions. On September 14, 2021, the Company acquired an 82.75% working interest (which was subsequently increased to an 85.75% working interest as of April 2023) in the South Salinas Project from Trio LLC in exchange for cash, a note payable to Trio LLC and the issuance of 4.9 million shares of common stock. As of the date of the acquisition, Trio LLC owned 45% of the outstanding shares of the Company and was considered a related party. As of October 31, 2023 and 2022, Trio LLC owned less than 1% and 29%, respectively, of the outstanding shares of the Company.

 

Income Taxes

Income Taxes

 

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. Deferred tax assets, including tax loss and credit carry forwards, and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date.

 

The Company utilizes ASC 740, Income Taxes, which requires the recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been included in the financial statements or tax returns. The Company accounts for income taxes using the asset and liability method to compute the differences between the tax basis of assets and liabilities and the related financial amounts, using currently enacted tax rates. A valuation allowance is recorded when it is “more likely than not” that a deferred tax asset will not be realized. At October 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company’s net deferred tax asset has been fully reserved.

 

For uncertain tax positions that meet a “more likely than not” threshold, the Company recognizes the benefit of uncertain tax positions in the financial statements. The Company’s practice is to recognize interest and penalties, if any, related to uncertain tax positions in income tax expense in the statements of operations when a determination is made that such expense is likely. The Company is subject to income tax examinations by major taxing authorities since inception.

 

Fair Value Measurements

Fair Value Measurements

 

The carrying values of financial instruments comprising cash and cash equivalents, payables, and notes payable-related party approximate fair values due to the short-term maturities of these instruments. The notes payable- related party is considered a level 3 measurement. As defined in ASC 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures, fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date (exit price). The Company utilizes market data or assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability, including assumptions about risk and the risks inherent in the inputs to the valuation technique. These inputs can be readily observable, market corroborated, or generally unobservable. ASC 820 establishes a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs used to measure fair value. The hierarchy gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1 measurement) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3 measurement). This fair value measurement framework applies to both initial and subsequent measurement.

 

Level 1: Quoted prices are available in active markets for identical assets or liabilities as of the reporting date.
   
Level 2: Pricing inputs are other than quoted prices in active markets included in Level 1, which are either directly or indirectly observable as of the reported date. Level 2 includes those financial instruments that are valued using models or other valuation methodologies.
   
Level 3: Pricing inputs include significant inputs that are generally less observable from objective sources. These inputs may be used with internally developed methodologies that result in management’s best estimate of fair value. The significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement for nonrecurring fair value measurements of long-lived assets include pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies and similar techniques.

 

 

There are no assets or liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis. Assets and liabilities accounted for at fair value on a non-recurring basis in accordance with the fair value hierarchy include the initial allocation of the asset acquisition purchase price, including asset retirement obligations, the fair value of oil and natural gas properties and the assessment of impairment.

 

The fair value measurements and allocation of assets acquired are measured on a nonrecurring basis on the acquisition date using an income valuation technique based on inputs that are not observable in the market and therefore represent Level 3 inputs. Significant inputs used to determine the fair value include estimates of: (i) reserves; (ii) future commodity prices; (iii) operating and development costs; and (iv) a market-based weighted average cost of capital rate. The underlying commodity prices embedded in the Company’s estimated cash flows are the product of a process that begins with NYMEX forward curve pricing, adjusted for estimated location and quality differentials, as well as other factors that the Company’s management believes will impact realizable prices. These inputs require significant judgments and estimates by the Company’s management at the time of the valuation.

 

The fair value of additions to the asset retirement obligation liabilities is measured using valuation techniques consistent with the income approach, which converts future cash flows to a single discounted amount. Significant inputs to the valuation include: (i) estimated plug and abandonment cost per well for all oil and natural gas wells and for all disposal wells; (ii) estimated remaining life per well; (iii) future inflation factors; and (iv) the Company’s average credit-adjusted risk-free rate. These assumptions represent Level 3 inputs.

 

If the carrying amount of its proved oil and natural gas properties, which are assessed for impairment under ASC 360 - Property, Plant and Equipment, exceeds the estimated undiscounted future cash flows, the Company will adjust the carrying amount of the oil and natural gas properties to fair value. The fair value of its oil and natural gas properties is determined using valuation techniques consistent with the income and market approach. The factors used to determine fair value are subject to management’s judgment and expertise and include, but are not limited to, recent sales prices of comparable properties, the present value of future cash flows, net of estimated operating and development costs using estimates of proved reserves, future commodity pricing, future production estimates, anticipated capital expenditures, and various discount rates commensurate with the risk and current market conditions associated with the expected cash flow projected. These assumptions represent Level 3 inputs.

 

Net Loss Per Share

Net Loss Per Share

 

Basic and diluted net loss per share is computed by dividing net loss by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the reporting period. Diluted earnings per share is computed similar to basic loss per share, except the weighted average number of common shares outstanding are increased to include additional shares from the assumed exercise of share options, warrants and convertible notes, if dilutive.

 

The following common share equivalents are excluded from the calculation of weighted average common shares outstanding, because their inclusion would have been anti-dilutive (see Note 10):

 

 

  

As of October 31,

  

As of October 31,

 
   2023   2022 
Warrants (Note 9, Note 10)   396,247(4)   693,107(1)
Convertible Notes (Note 9, Note 10)   -    2,772,429(2)
Commitment Shares (Note 9, Note 10)   -    321,428(3)
Restricted stock units and shares (Note 6, Note 10)   -    1,400,000(5)
Total potentially dilutive securities   396,247    4,486,964 

 

(1) Balance includes warrants issued per the January 2022 Securities Purchase Agreement (“January 2022 SPA”) with GPL Ventures, LLC (“GPL”), which are exercisable into up to 50% of the number of shares of common stock issued upon full conversion of the Notes, with an exercise price equal to the conversion price.
(2) Upon IPO, the debt will convert into a variable number of shares; the number of conversion shares is equal to the outstanding principal amount divided by the conversion price, which is equal to the lesser of a) the IPO price or b) the opening price of the common stock on the first trading day after the IPO multiplied by the discount of 50%.
(3) The number of commitment shares to be issued is a variable number of shares for a fixed total dollar amount of $1,125,000, which is 25% of the aggregate Notes principal balance divided by the offering price of the IPO.
(4) Balance consists of potentially dilutive shares based on 1,766,702 outstanding, equity classified warrants.
(5) Balance consists of restricted stock units granted to five outside directors and restricted shares issued to executives.

 

 

Environmental Expenditures

Environmental Expenditures

 

The operations of the Company have been, and may in the future be, affected from time to time to varying degree by changes in environmental regulations, including those for future reclamation and site restoration costs. Both the likelihood of new regulations and their overall effect upon the Company vary greatly and are not predictable. The Company’s policy is to meet or, if possible, surpass standards set by relevant legislation by application of technically proven and economically feasible measures.

 

Environmental expenditures that relate to ongoing environmental and reclamation programs are charged against earnings as incurred or capitalized and amortized depending on their future economic benefits. All of these types of expenditures incurred since inception have been charged against earnings due to the uncertainty of their future recoverability. Estimated future reclamation and site restoration costs, when the ultimate liability is reasonably determinable, are charged against earnings over the estimated remaining life of the related business operation, net of expected recoveries.

 

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

 

All recently issued but not yet effective accounting pronouncements have been deemed to be not applicable or immaterial to the Company.

 

Reclassification of Expenses

Reclassification of Expenses

 

Certain amounts in the prior periods presented have been reclassified to the current period financial statement presentation. This reclassification has no effect on previously reported net income.

 

Subsequent Events

Subsequent Events

 

The Company evaluated all events and transactions that occurred after October 31, 2023 through the date of the filing of this report. See Note 11 for such events and transactions.

XML 32 R19.htm IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT v3.24.1.1.u2
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Oct. 31, 2023
Accounting Policies [Abstract]  
SCHEDULE OF COMPONENTS OF CHANGES IN ARO

Components of the changes in ARO for the years ended October 31, 2022 and 2023 are shown below:

 

 

ARO, ending balance - October 31, 2021  $45,535 
Accretion expense   2,778 
ARO, ending balance - October 31, 2022   48,313 
Accretion expense   2,778 
ARO, ending balance - October 31, 2023   51,091 
Less: ARO - current   2,778 
ARO, net of current portion - October 31, 2023  $48,313 
SCHEDULE OF WEIGHTED AVERAGE COMMON SHARES OUTSTANDING ANTI-DILUTIVE

The following common share equivalents are excluded from the calculation of weighted average common shares outstanding, because their inclusion would have been anti-dilutive (see Note 10):

 

 

  

As of October 31,

  

As of October 31,

 
   2023   2022 
Warrants (Note 9, Note 10)   396,247(4)   693,107(1)
Convertible Notes (Note 9, Note 10)   -    2,772,429(2)
Commitment Shares (Note 9, Note 10)   -    321,428(3)
Restricted stock units and shares (Note 6, Note 10)   -    1,400,000(5)
Total potentially dilutive securities   396,247    4,486,964 

 

(1) Balance includes warrants issued per the January 2022 Securities Purchase Agreement (“January 2022 SPA”) with GPL Ventures, LLC (“GPL”), which are exercisable into up to 50% of the number of shares of common stock issued upon full conversion of the Notes, with an exercise price equal to the conversion price.
(2) Upon IPO, the debt will convert into a variable number of shares; the number of conversion shares is equal to the outstanding principal amount divided by the conversion price, which is equal to the lesser of a) the IPO price or b) the opening price of the common stock on the first trading day after the IPO multiplied by the discount of 50%.
(3) The number of commitment shares to be issued is a variable number of shares for a fixed total dollar amount of $1,125,000, which is 25% of the aggregate Notes principal balance divided by the offering price of the IPO.
(4) Balance consists of potentially dilutive shares based on 1,766,702 outstanding, equity classified warrants.
(5) Balance consists of restricted stock units granted to five outside directors and restricted shares issued to executives.
XML 33 R20.htm IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT v3.24.1.1.u2
OIL AND NATURAL GAS PROPERTIES (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Oct. 31, 2023
Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]  
SCHEDULE OF OIL AND NATURAL GAS PROPERTIES

The following tables summarize the Company’s oil and gas activities.

 

  

As of October 31,

  

As of October 31,

 
   2023   2022 
Oil and gas properties - not subject to amortization  $9,947,742   $5,836,232 
Accumulated impairment   -    - 
Oil and gas properties - not subject to amortization, net  $9,947,742   $5,836,232 
XML 34 R21.htm IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT v3.24.1.1.u2
INCOME TAXES (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Oct. 31, 2023
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
SCHEDULE OF DEFERRED TAX ASSETS

Significant components of the Company’s deferred tax assets are summarized below.

 

   As of October 31,   As of October 31, 
   2023   2022 
Deferred tax assets:          
Net operating loss carry forwards  $1,095,000   $797,000 
Total deferred tax asset   1,095,000    797,000 
Valuation allowance   (1,095,000)   (797,000)
Deferred tax asset, net  $-   $- 
SCHEDULE OF EFFECTIVE FEDERAL INCOME TAX RATE RECONCILIATION

A reconciliation of the statutory federal income tax benefit to actual tax benefit is as follows:

 

   As of October 31,   As of October 31, 
   2023   2022 
Federal statutory blended income tax rates   (21)%   (21)%
State statutory income tax rate, net of federal benefit   -%   -%
Change in valuation allowance   21%   21%
Effective tax rate   -%   -%
XML 35 R22.htm IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT v3.24.1.1.u2
NOTES PAYABLE (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Oct. 31, 2023
Debt Disclosure [Abstract]  
SCHEDULE OF NOTES PAYABLE

Notes payable as of October 31, 2023 and 2022 consisted of the following:

  

   

As of October 31,

   

As of October 31,

 
    2023     2022  
Notes payable - related party, net of discounts   $ -     $ 1,025,497  
Notes payable - investors, net of discounts     -       4,137,720  
Bridge note, net of discounts     -       265,719  
Convertible note, net of discounts     1,217,597       -  
Total Notes payable   $ 1,217,597     $ 5,428,936  
XML 36 R23.htm IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT v3.24.1.1.u2
STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Oct. 31, 2023
Equity [Abstract]  
SCHEDULE OF WARRANT ACTIVITY

A summary of the warrant activity during the years ended October 31, 2023 and 2022 is presented below:

  

  

Number of

Warrants

  

Weighted

Average

Exercise

Price

  

Weighted

Average

Remaining

Life in

Years

  

Intrinsic

Value

 
                 
Outstanding, November 1, 2021   -   $-    -   $- 
Issued   -    -    -    - 
Outstanding, November 1, 2022   -    -    -    - 
Issued   4,776,046    1.04    3.1    - 
Exercised   (2,901,298)   1.03    -    - 
Cancelled   -    -    -    - 
Expired   (108,047)   -    -    - 
Outstanding, October 31, 2023   1,766,702   $1.12    3.9   $211,200 
                     
Exercisable, October 31, 2023   1,766,702   $1.12    3.9   $211,200 
SCHEDULE OF OUTSTANDING AND EXERCISABLE WARRANTS

A summary of outstanding and exercisable warrants as of October 31, 2023 is presented below:

 

 Warrants Outstanding    Warrants Exercisable 
           Weighted      
           Average      
 Exercise    Number of    Remaining    Number of 
 Price    Shares    Life in Years    Shares 
$0.01    400,000    4.5    400,000 
$1.50    400,000    1.1    400,000 
$3.30    100,000    4.5    100,000 
$1.20    866,702    4.9    866,702 
      1,766,702    3.9    1,766,702 
SCHEDULE OF STOCK OPTION ACTIVITY

A summary of the option activity during the years ended October 31, 2023 and 2022 is presented below:

 

  

Number of

Options

  

Weighted

Average

Exercise

Price

  

Weighted

Average

Remaining

Life in

Years

  

Intrinsic

Value

 
                 
Outstanding, November 1, 2021   -   $-    -   $- 
Issued   -    -    -    - 
Outstanding, November 1, 2022   -    -    -    - 
Issued   120,000    0.52    4.8    1,800 
Exercised   -    -    -    - 
Cancelled   -    -    -    - 
Expired   -    -    -    - 
Outstanding, October 31, 2023   120,000   $0.52    4.8   $1,800 
                     
Exercisable, October 31, 2023   90,000   $0.52    4.8   $1,350 
SCHEDULE OF OUTSTANDING AND EXERCISABLE OPTIONS

A summary of outstanding and exercisable options as of October 31, 2023 and 2022 is presented below:

 

 Options Outstanding    Options Exercisable 
           Weighted      
           Average      
 Exercise    Number of    Remaining    Number of 
 Price    Shares    Life in Years    Shares 
$0.52    120,000    4.8    90,000 
      120,000    4.8    90,000 
SCHEDULE OF ASSUMPTIONS USED IN BLACK-SCHOLES VALUATION METHOD FOR OPTIONS

The assumptions used in the Black-Scholes valuation method for these options issued in 2023 were as follows:

 

Risk free interest rate   4.36%
Expected term (years)   5.0
Expected volatility   137.1%
Expected dividends   0%
XML 37 R24.htm IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT v3.24.1.1.u2
NATURE OF THE ORGANIZATION AND BUSINESS (Details Narrative)
1 Months Ended
Apr. 20, 2023
USD ($)
shares
Dec. 17, 2021
USD ($)
$ / shares
shares
Sep. 14, 2021
USD ($)
shares
Apr. 30, 2023
shares
Oct. 31, 2023
a
ft²
$ / shares
Oct. 31, 2022
ft²
$ / shares
Collaborative Arrangement and Arrangement Other than Collaborative [Line Items]            
Common stock price per share | $ / shares         $ 0.0001 $ 0.0001
Acres of property | a         8,417  
IPO [Member]            
Collaborative Arrangement and Arrangement Other than Collaborative [Line Items]            
Number of shares issued       375,000    
Number of shares sold 2,000,000     2,000,000    
Gross proceeds from sale of shares | $ $ 6,000,000          
Trio LLC [Member]            
Collaborative Arrangement and Arrangement Other than Collaborative [Line Items]            
Number of shares issued     4,900,000      
Business acquisition percentage.     45.00%   1.00% 29.00%
Trio LLC [Member] | Purchase and Sale Agreement [Member]            
Collaborative Arrangement and Arrangement Other than Collaborative [Line Items]            
Payments to acquire businesses net of cash acquired | $     $ 300,000      
Non interest bearing notes payable | $   $ 3,700,000        
Number of shares issued   4,900,000        
Common stock price per share | $ / shares   $ 0.0001        
Working interest percentage       3.00%    
Acres of property | ft²         9,300 9,300
Trio LLC [Member] | South Salinas Project [Member]            
Collaborative Arrangement and Arrangement Other than Collaborative [Line Items]            
Business acquisition increase in percentage of working interest         82.75%  
Business acquisition percentage     82.75% 85.75% 85.75%  
Trio LLC [Member] | South Salinas Project [Member] | Purchase and Sale Agreement [Member]            
Collaborative Arrangement and Arrangement Other than Collaborative [Line Items]            
Business acquisition percentage     82.75%      
XML 38 R25.htm IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT v3.24.1.1.u2
SCHEDULE OF COMPONENTS OF CHANGES IN ARO (Details) - USD ($)
12 Months Ended
Oct. 31, 2023
Oct. 31, 2022
Accounting Policies [Abstract]    
ARO, ending balance $ 48,313 $ 45,535
Accretion expense 2,778 2,778
ARO, ending balance 51,091 48,313
Less: ARO - current 2,778  
ARO, net of current portion $ 48,313 $ 45,535
XML 39 R26.htm IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT v3.24.1.1.u2
SCHEDULE OF WEIGHTED AVERAGE COMMON SHARES OUTSTANDING ANTI-DILUTIVE (Details) - shares
12 Months Ended
Oct. 31, 2023
Oct. 31, 2022
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]    
Total potentially dilutive securities 396,247 4,486,964
Warrant [Member]    
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]    
Warrents 396,247 [1] 693,107 [2]
Convertible Notes [Member]    
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]    
Convertible Notes 2,772,429 [3]
Commitment Shares [Member]    
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]    
Restricted stock units and share 321,428 [4]
Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) [Member]    
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]    
Restricted stock units and share 1,400,000 [5]
[1] Balance consists of potentially dilutive shares based on 1,766,702 outstanding, equity classified warrants.
[2] Balance includes warrants issued per the January 2022 Securities Purchase Agreement (“January 2022 SPA”) with GPL Ventures, LLC (“GPL”), which are exercisable into up to 50% of the number of shares of common stock issued upon full conversion of the Notes, with an exercise price equal to the conversion price.
[3] Upon IPO, the debt will convert into a variable number of shares; the number of conversion shares is equal to the outstanding principal amount divided by the conversion price, which is equal to the lesser of a) the IPO price or b) the opening price of the common stock on the first trading day after the IPO multiplied by the discount of 50%.
[4] The number of commitment shares to be issued is a variable number of shares for a fixed total dollar amount of $1,125,000, which is 25% of the aggregate Notes principal balance divided by the offering price of the IPO.
[5] Balance consists of restricted stock units granted to five outside directors and restricted shares issued to executives.
XML 40 R27.htm IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT v3.24.1.1.u2
SCHEDULE OF WEIGHTED AVERAGE COMMON SHARES OUTSTANDING ANTI-DILUTIVE (Details) (Parenthetical)
12 Months Ended
Oct. 31, 2023
USD ($)
shares
Collaborative Arrangement and Arrangement Other than Collaborative [Line Items]  
Dilutive shares outstanding | shares 1,766,702
IPO [Member]  
Collaborative Arrangement and Arrangement Other than Collaborative [Line Items]  
Warrant shares of outstanding percentage 50.00%
Commitment value | $ $ 1,125,000
Commitment shares issued percentage 25.00%
Securities Purchase Agreement [Member] | GPL Ventures LLC [Member]  
Collaborative Arrangement and Arrangement Other than Collaborative [Line Items]  
Number of shares of common stock exercisable percentage 50.00%
XML 41 R28.htm IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT v3.24.1.1.u2
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Details Narrative) - USD ($)
shares in Millions
Sep. 14, 2021
Oct. 31, 2023
Apr. 30, 2023
Oct. 31, 2022
Cash equivalents   $ 0   $ 0
Prepaid expense, current   133,417   35,000
Deferred offering costs     1,643,881
Debt issuance costs, gross   350,320   575,438
Impairment of long-lived assets   $ 0   $ 0
Trio LLC [Member]        
Issuance of share 4.9      
Business acquisition percentage. 45.00% 1.00%   29.00%
Trio LLC [Member] | South Salinas Project [Member]        
Business acquisition percentage. 82.75% 85.75% 85.75%  
XML 42 R29.htm IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT v3.24.1.1.u2
GOING CONCERN AND MANAGEMENT’S LIQUIDITY PLANS (Details Narrative) - USD ($)
12 Months Ended
Oct. 31, 2023
Oct. 04, 2023
Apr. 20, 2023
Oct. 31, 2023
Oct. 31, 2022
Collaborative Arrangement and Arrangement Other than Collaborative [Line Items]          
Cash $ 1,561,924     $ 1,561,924 $ 73,648
Working capital 156,045     156,045  
Proceeds from public offering 4,940,000   $ 4,940,000 6,000,000
Accumulated deficit 10,446,882     10,446,882 $ 3,902,456
October 2023 SPA [Member]          
Collaborative Arrangement and Arrangement Other than Collaborative [Line Items]          
Original issue discount rate   7.00%      
Two Tranches [Member] | October 2023 SPA [Member]          
Collaborative Arrangement and Arrangement Other than Collaborative [Line Items]          
Debt instrument, issued, principal   $ 3,500,000      
First Tranche [Member] | October 2023 SPA [Member]          
Collaborative Arrangement and Arrangement Other than Collaborative [Line Items]          
Debt instrument, issued, principal   $ 1,900,000      
Three Investors [Member]          
Collaborative Arrangement and Arrangement Other than Collaborative [Line Items]          
Principal amount 440,000     440,000  
Related Party [Member]          
Collaborative Arrangement and Arrangement Other than Collaborative [Line Items]          
Non-interest-bearing note payable $ 1,032,512     $ 1,032,512  
XML 43 R30.htm IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT v3.24.1.1.u2
INITIAL PUBLIC OFFERING (Details Narrative) - USD ($)
1 Months Ended 12 Months Ended
Oct. 31, 2023
Apr. 20, 2023
Apr. 30, 2023
Oct. 31, 2023
Oct. 31, 2022
Dec. 31, 2022
Subsidiary, Sale of Stock [Line Items]            
Proceeds from public offering $ 4,940,000 $ 4,940,000   $ 6,000,000  
IPO [Member]            
Subsidiary, Sale of Stock [Line Items]            
Number of sale of stock   2,000,000 2,000,000      
Sale of stock price per share   $ 3.00 $ 3.00      
Proceeds from sale of stock   $ 6,000,000        
Public offering price, percentage           110.00%
Over-Allotment Option [Member]            
Subsidiary, Sale of Stock [Line Items]            
Warrants to purchase shares   100,000       100,000
Warrants exercise price   $ 3.30       $ 3.30
Public offering price, percentage   110.00%        
XML 44 R31.htm IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT v3.24.1.1.u2
SCHEDULE OF OIL AND NATURAL GAS PROPERTIES (Details) - USD ($)
Oct. 31, 2023
Oct. 31, 2022
Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]    
Oil and gas properties - not subject to amortization $ 9,947,742 $ 5,836,232
Accumulated impairment
Oil and gas properties - not subject to amortization, net $ 9,947,742 $ 5,836,232
XML 45 R32.htm IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT v3.24.1.1.u2
OIL AND NATURAL GAS PROPERTIES (Details Narrative)
1 Months Ended 2 Months Ended 12 Months Ended
Oct. 16, 2023
USD ($)
Dec. 22, 2022
USD ($)
Apr. 30, 2023
USD ($)
Mar. 31, 2023
USD ($)
a
ft²
Oct. 31, 2023
USD ($)
a
Oct. 31, 2022
USD ($)
May 12, 2023
May 27, 2022
USD ($)
Sep. 14, 2021
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]                  
Exploration costs         $ 251,743 $ 28,669      
Capitalized costs         4,111,510        
Acquisition costs         $ 262,022        
Non refundable payment           $ 252,512   $ 252,512  
Area of land | a         8,417        
Cost, depletion         $ 0        
Option fee   $ 150,000              
Reserve analysis optioned asset         39,000        
Payment of execution $ 100,000                
Adjustments to additional paid in capital, other $ 400,000                
Payment capitalized cost         $ 100,000        
Trio LLC [Member]                  
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]                  
Cash paid for additional acquisition     $ 60,000            
Second Aforementioned [Member]                  
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]                  
Area of land | a         160        
Payments for rent         $ 30        
Group One [Member]                  
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]                  
Area of land | a       360          
Payments for rent       $ 25          
Lease term       20 years          
Group Two [Member]                  
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]                  
Area of land | ft²       307.75          
Payments for rent       $ 30          
Lease term       20 years          
South Salinas Project [Member]                  
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]                  
Exploration costs         3,749,488        
Capitalized costs         $ 4,011,510        
South Salinas Project [Member] | Trio LLC [Member]                  
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]                  
Percentage of working interest     85.75%   85.75%       82.75%
McCool Ranch Oil Field [Member]                  
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]                  
Capitalized costs         $ 100,000        
McCool Ranch Oil Field [Member] | Trio LLC [Member]                  
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]                  
Percentage of working interest   44.00%              
Ken Fron Field [Member] | Trio LLC [Member]                  
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]                  
Percentage of working interest   22.00%              
Union Ave Field [Member]                  
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]                  
Percentage of working interest             100.00%    
Union Ave Field [Member] | Trio LLC [Member]                  
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]                  
Percentage of working interest   20.00%              
Trio LLC [Member]                  
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]                  
Percentage of working interest     3.02647%            
Trio LLC [Member] | Ken Fron Field [Member]                  
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]                  
Percentage of working interest 21.91832%                
XML 46 R33.htm IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT v3.24.1.1.u2
RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS (Details Narrative) - USD ($)
1 Months Ended 9 Months Ended 12 Months Ended
Oct. 23, 2023
Oct. 16, 2023
Sep. 02, 2023
Jul. 20, 2023
May 01, 2023
Apr. 20, 2023
Dec. 22, 2022
Jul. 11, 2022
May 27, 2022
Dec. 17, 2021
Sep. 14, 2021
May 31, 2023
Apr. 30, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Oct. 31, 2022
Feb. 28, 2022
Jul. 31, 2023
Oct. 31, 2023
Oct. 31, 2022
Jul. 11, 2023
Jun. 23, 2023
May 02, 2023
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]                                            
Working interest percentage                                   85.75%        
Long term asset advance to operators                             $ 1,900,000     $ 1,900,000      
Option fee             $ 150,000                              
Payment of execution   $ 100,000                                        
Adjustments to additional paid in capital, other   $ 400,000                                        
Payment capitalized cost                                   100,000        
Interest expense                                   791,811 1,661,981      
Fair value, per share   $ 0.27                                        
Aggregate fair value                                   372,000 60,000      
Stock based compensation                                   1,044,261 $ 6,202      
Unrecognized expense                                   $ 267,659        
Common stock, par value, per share                             $ 0.0001     $ 0.0001 $ 0.0001      
Share-based compensation arrangement by share-based payment award, option, nonvested, weighted average exercise price $ 0.27                                          
Restricted value                                          
2022 Equity Incentive Plan [Member]                                            
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]                                            
Stock based compensation                                   440,219 $ 0      
Unrecognized expense                                   $ 1,064,781        
Common Stock [Member]                                            
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]                                            
Issuance of common stock for cash net, shares           12,500               400,000       400,000 10,000      
Shares issued, price per share           $ 2.00               $ 1.00           $ 1.21 $ 0.88 $ 2.10
Aggregate fair value                                   $ 40 $ 1      
Common stock, par value, per share                           $ 0.0001           $ 0.0001 $ 0.0001 $ 0.0001
Restricted shares                                   2,125,000        
Restricted value                                   $ 213        
Michael L Peterson [Member]                                            
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]                                            
Annual based salary   $ 350,000                                        
Discretionary bonus percentage   100.00%                                        
Mr Peterson [Member]                                            
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]                                            
Stock based compensation                                   3,341        
Unrecognized expense                                   267,659        
Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) [Member]                                            
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]                                            
Issuance of common stock for cash net, shares         700,000                                  
Shares issued, price per share         $ 2.15                                  
Aggregate fair value         $ 1,505,000                                  
Stock based compensation                                   96,016 0      
Unrecognized expense                                   177,259        
Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) [Member] | 2022 Equity Incentive Plan [Member]                                            
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]                                            
Restricted shares, vesting rate                               25.00%            
Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) [Member] | Common Stock [Member]                                            
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]                                            
Issuance of common stock for cash net, shares     425,000                                      
Shares issued, price per share     $ 0.64                                      
Aggregate fair value     $ 273,275                                      
Common stock, par value, per share     $ 0.0001                                      
Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) [Member] | Five Outside Director [Member]                                            
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]                                            
Issuance of common stock for cash net, shares               60,000                            
Shares issued, price per share               $ 0.0001                            
Fair value, per share               $ 0.29                            
Aggregate fair value               $ 88,200                            
Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) [Member] | Director [Member]                                            
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]                                            
Issuance of common stock for cash net, shares               60,000                            
Shares issued, price per share               $ 0.0001                            
Fair value, per share               $ 0.29                            
Aggregate fair value               $ 300,000                            
Stock based compensation                                   88,200 0      
Unrecognized expense                                   0        
Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) [Member] | Mr Frank Ingriselli [Member]                                            
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]                                            
Issuance of common stock for cash net, shares       200,000                                    
Shares issued, price per share       $ 1.07                                    
Aggregate fair value       $ 213,000                                    
Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) [Member] | Mr Frank Ingriselli [Member] | 2022 Equity Incentive Plan [Member]                                            
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]                                            
Grant of restricted shares                               1,000,000            
Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) [Member] | Mr Greg Overholtzer [Member] | 2022 Equity Incentive Plan [Member]                                            
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]                                            
Grant of restricted shares                               100,000            
Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) [Member] | Six Employee Agreement [Member]                                            
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]                                            
Fair value, per share                       $ 2.15                    
Aggregate fair value                                   1,505,000 1,505,000      
Stock based compensation                                   440,219 0      
Unrecognized expense                                   $ 1,064,781        
Grant of restricted shares                       700,000                    
Restricted shares, vesting rate                       25.00%                    
Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) [Member] | Mr. Ingriselli [Member]                                            
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]                                            
Issuance of common stock for cash net, shares       200,000                                    
Aggregate fair value       $ 213,000                                    
Stock based compensation                                 $ 213,000          
Fair value per share       1.07                                    
Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) [Member] | Mr Peterson [Member]                                            
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]                                            
Restricted shares, vesting rate 25.00%                                          
Restricted shares 1,000,000                                          
Restricted value $ 271,000                                          
IPO [Member]                                            
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]                                            
Issuance of common stock for cash net, shares                         375,000                  
Shares issued, price per share                         $ 3.00                  
Trio LLC [Member]                                            
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]                                            
Cash paid for additional acquisition                         $ 60,000                  
Issuance of common stock for cash net, shares                     4,900,000                      
Purchase and Sale Agreement [Member] | Trio LLC [Member]                                            
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]                                            
Issuance of common stock for cash net, shares                   4,900,000                        
Common stock, par value, per share                   $ 0.0001                        
Trio LLC [Member]                                            
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]                                            
Percentage of working interest                         3.02647%                  
Trio LLC [Member] | Purchase and Sale Agreement [Member]                                            
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]                                            
Percentage of working interest                     82.75%                      
Trio LLC [Member] | Ken Fron Field [Member]                                            
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]                                            
Percentage of working interest   21.91832%                                        
South Salinas Project [Member]                                            
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]                                            
Working interest percentage                                   3.80%        
Long term asset advance to operators                             $ 1,900,000     $ 0 1,900,000      
Optioned Assets Related Party [Member]                                            
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]                                            
Option fee             $ 150,000                              
Optioned Assets Related Party [Member] | Trio LLC [Member] | Hangman Hollow Field Asset [Member]                                            
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]                                            
Percentage of working interest             44.00%                              
Optioned Assets Related Party [Member] | Trio LLC [Member] | Ken Fron Field [Member]                                            
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]                                            
Percentage of working interest             22.00%                              
Optioned Assets Related Party [Member] | Trio LLC [Member] | Union Ave Field [Member]                                            
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]                                            
Percentage of working interest             20.00%                              
Additional Working Interest South Salinas Project [Member] | Trio LLC [Member]                                            
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]                                            
Percentage of working interest                         3.02647%                  
Cash paid for additional acquisition                         $ 60,000                  
Notes Payable Related Party [Member] | Trio LLC [Member] | IPO [Member]                                            
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]                                            
Related party transaction amounts of transaction                 $ 1,032,512                          
Notes Payable Related Party [Member] | Trio LLC [Member] | Minimum [Member]                                            
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]                                            
Related party transaction amounts of transaction                 780,000                          
Notes Payable Related Party [Member] | Trio LLC [Member] | Maximum [Member]                                            
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]                                            
Related party transaction amounts of transaction                 1,032,512                          
Related Party [Member]                                            
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]                                            
Notes payable current                             1,025,497     1,025,497      
Interest expense                                   7,015 120,337      
Notes payable current                             $ 2,920,000     1,032,512 2,920,000      
Related Party [Member] | Trio LLC [Member] | IPO [Member]                                            
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]                                            
Related party transaction amounts of transaction                 1,032,512                          
Related Party [Member] | Trio LLC [Member] | Minimum [Member]                                            
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]                                            
Related party transaction amounts of transaction                 780,000                          
Related Party [Member] | Trio LLC [Member] | Maximum [Member]                                            
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]                                            
Related party transaction amounts of transaction                 $ 1,032,512                          
Restricted Share Issued To Executives And Employees [Member] | Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) [Member] | Executives [Member]                                            
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]                                            
Stock based compensation                                   161,700 $ 6,202      
Unrecognized expense                                   $ 155,498        
Restricted Share Issued To Executives And Employees [Member] | Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) [Member] | Executives [Member] | 2022 Equity Incentive Plan [Member]                                            
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]                                            
Issuance of common stock for cash net, shares                             1,100,000              
Fair value, per share                               $ 0.294            
Aggregate fair value                             $ 323,400              
Consulting Agreement Related Party [Member]                                            
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]                                            
Consulting agreement percentage   100.00%                                        
Consulting agreement fee   $ 10,000                                        
XML 47 R34.htm IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT v3.24.1.1.u2
COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES (Details Narrative)
1 Months Ended 12 Months Ended
Sep. 21, 2023
shares
Apr. 20, 2023
$ / shares
shares
Jul. 28, 2022
USD ($)
Jul. 11, 2022
USD ($)
May 01, 2022
USD ($)
Sep. 14, 2021
shares
Apr. 30, 2023
shares
Oct. 31, 2023
USD ($)
a
Oct. 16, 2023
$ / shares
Mar. 31, 2023
a
Feb. 28, 2023
a
Oct. 31, 2022
USD ($)
May 27, 2022
USD ($)
Area of land | a               8,417          
Non refundable payment                       $ 252,512 $ 252,512
Annual retainer, additional               $ 3,341          
Share Price | $ / shares                 $ 0.27        
Trio LLC [Member]                          
Issuance of common stock for cash net, shares | shares           4,900,000              
Consulting fee         $ 35,000                
Accrued interest expense               406,000          
Warrant [Member]                          
Issuance of common stock for cash net, shares | shares 451,831 100,000                      
Debt Instrument, Term   5 years                      
Share Price | $ / shares   $ 3.30                      
IPO [Member]                          
Directors fees               $ 156,154          
Issuance of common stock for cash net, shares | shares             375,000            
Director [Member]                          
Annual retainer, additional       $ 50,000                  
Board Committee [Member]                          
Annual retainer, additional       $ 10,000                  
Advisors [Member]                          
Non refundable payment     $ 25,000                    
Agreement with advisors, description     cash fee or an underwriter discount of 7.5% of the aggregate proceeds raised in the IPO, warrants to purchase a number of common shares equal to 5% of the aggregate number of common shares placed in the IPO, an expense allowance of up to $150,000 for fees and expenses of legal counsel and other out-of-pocket expenses and 1% of the gross proceeds of the IPO to Spartan for non-accountable expenses. The agreement also provides for an option to Spartan that is exercisable within 45 days after the closing of the IPO to purchase up to an additional 15% of the total number of securities offered by the Company in the IPO. For a period of 18 months following the July 28, 2023 expiration of the agreement, Spartan shall be entitled to receive the same 7.5% cash fee and 5% warrant coverage compensation under the “tail” terms of the agreement with respect to financing transactions the Company consummates with any party contacted or introduced by Spartan to the Company prior to the expiration of the Spartan agreement.                    
Legal cost     $ 150,000                    
IPO [Member] | Warrant [Member]                          
Public offering price percentage   110.00%                      
First Aforementioned [Member] | Unproved Property Lease [Member]                          
Area of land | a               8,417          
Non refundable payment                       $ 252,512  
Second Aforementioned [Member]                          
Area of land | a               160          
Second Aforementioned [Member] | Unproved Property Lease [Member]                          
Area of land | a               160          
Delay rental payments | a               30          
First Group [Member] | Unproved Property Lease [Member]                          
Area of land | a                   360 360    
Delay rental payments | a                   25 25    
Second Group [Member] | Unproved Property Lease [Member]                          
Area of land | a                   307.75 307.75    
Delay rental payments | a                   30 30    
Lease, term                   20 years 20 years    
XML 48 R35.htm IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT v3.24.1.1.u2
SCHEDULE OF DEFERRED TAX ASSETS (Details) - USD ($)
Oct. 31, 2023
Oct. 31, 2022
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]    
Net operating loss carry forwards $ 1,095,000 $ 797,000
Total deferred tax asset 1,095,000 797,000
Valuation allowance (1,095,000) (797,000)
Deferred tax asset, net
XML 49 R36.htm IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT v3.24.1.1.u2
SCHEDULE OF EFFECTIVE FEDERAL INCOME TAX RATE RECONCILIATION (Details)
12 Months Ended
Oct. 31, 2023
Oct. 31, 2022
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]    
Federal statutory blended income tax rates (21.00%) (21.00%)
State statutory income tax rate, net of federal benefit
Change in valuation allowance 21.00% 21.00%
Effective tax rate
XML 50 R37.htm IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT v3.24.1.1.u2
INCOME TAXES (Details Narrative) - USD ($)
12 Months Ended
Oct. 31, 2023
Oct. 31, 2022
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]    
Operating loss Carryforwards $ 1,095,000 $ 797,000
Valuation allowance deferred tax assets, Increase decrease $ 298,000 $ 776,000
XML 51 R38.htm IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT v3.24.1.1.u2
SCHEDULE OF NOTES PAYABLE (Details) - USD ($)
Oct. 31, 2023
Oct. 31, 2022
Short-Term Debt [Line Items]    
Total Notes payable $ 1,217,597 $ 5,428,936
Convertible note, net of discounts 1,217,597
Bridge Loan [Member]    
Short-Term Debt [Line Items]    
Total Notes payable 265,719
Investors [Member]    
Short-Term Debt [Line Items]    
Total Notes payable 4,137,720
Investors [Member] | Bridge Loan [Member]    
Short-Term Debt [Line Items]    
Total Notes payable 0 265,719
Related Party [Member]    
Short-Term Debt [Line Items]    
Total Notes payable $ 1,025,497
XML 52 R39.htm IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT v3.24.1.1.u2
NOTES PAYABLE (Details Narrative) - USD ($)
1 Months Ended 12 Months Ended
Oct. 04, 2023
May 27, 2022
Jan. 28, 2022
Sep. 30, 2022
Oct. 31, 2023
Oct. 31, 2022
Oct. 16, 2023
Apr. 30, 2023
Oct. 17, 2022
Sep. 14, 2021
Short-Term Debt [Line Items]                    
Interest expense         $ 791,811 $ 1,661,981        
Notes payable         1,217,597 5,428,936        
Gross proceeds         4,820,000        
Debt issuance costs         350,320 575,438        
Share price             $ 0.27      
Proceeds from convertible debt         $ 2,000,000        
Expected term         5 years          
Expected volatility rate         137.10%          
Expected dividend rate         0.00%          
Number of shares required to reserve and register 13,161,976                  
Percentage of common shares required to reserve 200.00%                  
Percentage of shares required to reserve upon conversion of note 200.00%                  
Bridge Loan [Member]                    
Short-Term Debt [Line Items]                    
Interest expense         $ 174,281 51,040        
Interest percentage       100.00%            
Notes payable         265,719        
Gross proceeds       $ 444,000            
Original issue discount, rate       10.00%            
Original issue discount       $ 44,000            
Debt issuance costs       70,438            
Net proceeds       $ 329,562            
Share price       $ 0.01            
Warrants to purchase       400,000            
Warrants to exercise price       $ 0.01            
Debt amount, repaid       $ 440,000            
Investors [Member]                    
Short-Term Debt [Line Items]                    
Notes payable consideration     $ 4,500,000              
Issued warrants to purchase, rate     50.00%              
Debt instrument, collateral     4,500,000              
Shares issued price per share     $ 0.29           $ 0.29  
Debt instrument, aggregate value     $ 1,322,933              
Interest percentage     8.00%              
Debt converted, value     $ 9,000,000              
Notes payable         4,137,720        
Investors [Member] | Bridge Loan [Member]                    
Short-Term Debt [Line Items]                    
Notes payable         0 265,719        
Investors [Member] | January Two Thousand And Twenty Two Notes [Member]                    
Short-Term Debt [Line Items]                    
Aggregate principal amount     4,500,000              
IPO [Member]                    
Short-Term Debt [Line Items]                    
Aggregate principal amount               $ 4,500,000    
Shares issued price per share               $ 3.00    
IPO [Member] | Bridge Loan [Member]                    
Short-Term Debt [Line Items]                    
Interest percentage       8.00%            
IPO [Member] | Investors [Member]                    
Short-Term Debt [Line Items]                    
Interest expense         674,405 1,136,811        
Aggregate principal amount     $ 4,500,000              
Shares issued price per share     $ 3.00              
Conversion price, description     i) the IPO price multiplied by the discount of 50% or ii) the opening price of the shares of Common Stock on the trading day following the date of the consummation of the IPO multiplied by the discount of 50%.              
Debt instrument, periodic payment principal     $ 4,500,000              
Debt instrument, payment interest     $ 664,875              
Issuance of conversion, shares     5,038,902              
Issuance of conversion, value     $ 5,164,875              
Conversion price     $ 2.05              
Issuance of commitment shares     375,000              
Notes payable         0 4,137,720        
Maximum [Member] | Bridge Loan [Member]                    
Short-Term Debt [Line Items]                    
Interest percentage       15.00%            
Maximum [Member] | Investors [Member]                    
Short-Term Debt [Line Items]                    
Interest percentage     15.00%              
Related Party [Member]                    
Short-Term Debt [Line Items]                    
Notes payable current         1,025,497        
Interest expense         7,015 120,337        
Notes payable current         1,032,512 2,920,000        
Notes payable         $ 1,025,497        
Trio LLC [Member] | South Salinas Project [Member]                    
Short-Term Debt [Line Items]                    
Business acquisition percentage         85.75%     85.75%   82.75%
Trio LLC [Member] | Related Party [Member] | IPO [Member]                    
Short-Term Debt [Line Items]                    
Related Party Transaction, Amounts of Transaction   $ 1,032,512                
Trio LLC [Member] | Related Party [Member] | Minimum [Member]                    
Short-Term Debt [Line Items]                    
Related Party Transaction, Amounts of Transaction   780,000                
Trio LLC [Member] | Related Party [Member] | Maximum [Member]                    
Short-Term Debt [Line Items]                    
Related Party Transaction, Amounts of Transaction   $ 1,032,512                
Purchase and Sale Agreement [Member] | Trio LLC [Member] | South Salinas Project [Member]                    
Short-Term Debt [Line Items]                    
Business acquisition percentage                   82.75%
Purchase and Sale Agreement [Member] | Trio LLC [Member] | Related Party [Member] | South Salinas Project [Member]                    
Short-Term Debt [Line Items]                    
Business acquisition percentage                   82.75%
October 2023 SPA [Member]                    
Short-Term Debt [Line Items]                    
Interest percentage 7.00%                  
October 2023 SPA [Member] | Convertible Notes Payable [Member]                    
Short-Term Debt [Line Items]                    
Aggregate principal amount $ 3,500,000                  
Original issue discount, rate 7.00%                  
Original issue discount $ 140,000                  
Debt issuance costs 350,320                  
Net proceeds 1,500,000                  
Proceeds from convertible debt $ 2,000,000.0                  
Percentage of total principal amount 103.00%                  
October 2023 SPA [Member] | Convertible Notes Payable [Member] | Measurement Input, Share Price [Member]                    
Short-Term Debt [Line Items]                    
Share price $ 0.55                  
October 2023 SPA [Member] | Convertible Notes Payable [Member] | Measurement Input, Exercise Price [Member]                    
Short-Term Debt [Line Items]                    
Exercise price $ 1.20                  
October 2023 SPA [Member] | Convertible Notes Payable [Member] | Measurement Input, Expected Term [Member]                    
Short-Term Debt [Line Items]                    
Expected term 5 years                  
October 2023 SPA [Member] | Convertible Notes Payable [Member] | Measurement Input, Option Volatility [Member]                    
Short-Term Debt [Line Items]                    
Expected volatility rate 137.10%                  
October 2023 SPA [Member] | Convertible Notes Payable [Member] | Measurement Input, Expected Dividend Rate [Member]                    
Short-Term Debt [Line Items]                    
Expected dividend rate 0.00%                  
October 2023 SPA [Member] | Convertible Notes Payable [Member] | Measurement Input, Discount Rate [Member]                    
Short-Term Debt [Line Items]                    
Discount rate 0.0472                  
October 2023 SPA [Member] | Senior Secured Convertible Promissory Note [Member]                    
Short-Term Debt [Line Items]                    
Aggregate principal amount $ 2,000,000                  
Conversion price $ 1.20                  
Warrants to purchase 866,702                  
Warrants to exercise price $ 1.20                  
Floor price $ 0.35                  
Aggregate relative fair value $ 332,630                  
October 2023 SPA [Member] | First Tranche [Member] | Convertible Notes Payable [Member]                    
Short-Term Debt [Line Items]                    
Proceeds from convertible debt 2,000,000.0                  
October 2023 SPA [Member] | Second Tranche [Member] | Convertible Notes Payable [Member]                    
Short-Term Debt [Line Items]                    
Proceeds from convertible debt $ 1,500,000                  
Voting Agreements [Member]                    
Short-Term Debt [Line Items]                    
Number of shares as per voting agreements 4,025,000                  
Percentage of common stock outstanding 20.00%                  
XML 53 R40.htm IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT v3.24.1.1.u2
SCHEDULE OF WARRANT ACTIVITY (Details) - USD ($)
12 Months Ended
Oct. 31, 2023
Oct. 31, 2022
Oct. 31, 2021
Equity [Abstract]      
Number of warrants outstanding, beginning  
Weighted average, exercise price, beginning    
Weighted average remaining life in years 3 years 10 months 24 days
Intrinsic value, beginning  
Number of warrants issued 4,776,046  
Weighted average, exercise price, issued $ 1.04  
Weighted average remaining life in years 3 years 1 month 6 days  
Number of warrants exercised (2,901,298)    
Weighted average, exercise price, exercised $ 1.03    
Weighted average remaining life in years, exercised    
Number of warrants cancelled    
Weighted average, exercise price, cancelled    
Number of warrants expired (108,047)    
Weighted average, exercise price, expired    
Number of warrants outstanding, ending 1,766,702
Weighted average, exercise price, ending $ 1.12  
Intrinsic value, ending $ 211,200
Warrants outstanding, exercisable 1,766,702    
Weighted average, exercise price, exercisable $ 1.12    
Weighted average remaining life in years, Exercisable 3 years 10 months 24 days    
Intrinsic value, exercisable ending $ 211,200    
XML 54 R41.htm IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT v3.24.1.1.u2
SCHEDULE OF OUTSTANDING AND EXERCISABLE WARRANTS (Details) - Warrant [Member]
12 Months Ended
Oct. 31, 2023
$ / shares
shares
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Line Items]  
Warrant outstanding number of shares 1,766,702
Warrant exercisable, weighted average remaining life in years 3 years 10 months 24 days
Warrant exercisable number of shares 1,766,702
Exercise Price Range One [Member]  
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Line Items]  
Warrant outstanding exercise price | $ / shares $ 0.01
Warrant outstanding number of shares 400,000
Warrant exercisable, weighted average remaining life in years 4 years 6 months
Warrant exercisable number of shares 400,000
Exercise Price Range Two [Member]  
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Line Items]  
Warrant outstanding exercise price | $ / shares $ 1.50
Warrant outstanding number of shares 400,000
Warrant exercisable, weighted average remaining life in years 1 year 1 month 6 days
Warrant exercisable number of shares 400,000
Exercise Price Range Three [Member]  
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Line Items]  
Warrant outstanding exercise price | $ / shares $ 3.30
Warrant outstanding number of shares 100,000
Warrant exercisable, weighted average remaining life in years 4 years 6 months
Warrant exercisable number of shares 100,000
Exercise Price Range Four [Member]  
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Line Items]  
Warrant outstanding exercise price | $ / shares $ 1.20
Warrant outstanding number of shares 866,702
Warrant exercisable, weighted average remaining life in years 4 years 10 months 24 days
Warrant exercisable number of shares 866,702
XML 55 R42.htm IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT v3.24.1.1.u2
SCHEDULE OF STOCK OPTION ACTIVITY (Details) - USD ($)
12 Months Ended
Oct. 31, 2023
Oct. 31, 2022
Oct. 31, 2021
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]      
Weighted average, exercise price, beginning    
Weighted average, exercise price, issued $ 1.04  
Weighted average, exercise price, exercised 1.03    
Weighted average, exercise price, expired    
Weighted average, exercise price, ending $ 1.12  
Warrants outstanding, exercisable 1,766,702    
Weighted average, exercise price, exercisable $ 1.12    
Weighted average remaining life in years, Exercisable 3 years 10 months 24 days    
Intrinsic value, exercisable ending $ 211,200    
Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Option [Member]      
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]      
Number of stock option, beginning  
Weighted average, exercise price, beginning  
Weighted average remaining life in years 4 years 9 months 18 days
Intrinsic value, beginning  
Number of options issued 120,000  
Weighted average, exercise price, issued $ 0.52  
Weighted average remaining life in years 4 years 9 months 18 days    
Intrinsic value, issued $ 1,800    
Number of options exercised    
Weighted average, exercise price, exercised    
Number of options cancelled    
Weighted average, exercise price, expired    
Number of options, expired    
Number of stock option, beginning 120,000
Weighted average, exercise price, ending $ 0.52
Intrinsic value, ending $ 1,800
Warrants outstanding, exercisable 90,000    
Weighted average, exercise price, exercisable $ 0.52    
Weighted average remaining life in years, Exercisable 4 years 9 months 18 days    
Intrinsic value, exercisable ending $ 1,350    
XML 56 R43.htm IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT v3.24.1.1.u2
SCHEDULE OF OUTSTANDING AND EXERCISABLE OPTIONS (Details) - Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Option [Member]
12 Months Ended
Oct. 31, 2023
$ / shares
shares
Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Option, Exercise Price Range [Line Items]  
Options outstanding number of shares 120,000
Options exercisable, weighted average remaining life in years 4 years 9 months 18 days
Options exercisable number of shares 90,000
Exercise Price Range One [Member]  
Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Option, Exercise Price Range [Line Items]  
Options outstanding exercise price | $ / shares $ 0.52
Options outstanding number of shares 120,000
Options exercisable, weighted average remaining life in years 4 years 9 months 18 days
Options exercisable number of shares 90,000
XML 57 R44.htm IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT v3.24.1.1.u2
SCHEDULE OF ASSUMPTIONS USED IN BLACK-SCHOLES VALUATION METHOD FOR OPTIONS (Details)
12 Months Ended
Oct. 31, 2023
Equity [Abstract]  
Risk free interest rate 4.36%
Expected term (years) 5 years
Expected volatility 137.10%
Expected dividends 0.00%
XML 58 R45.htm IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT v3.24.1.1.u2
STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (Details Narrative)
1 Months Ended 12 Months Ended
Oct. 16, 2023
USD ($)
$ / shares
shares
Sep. 21, 2023
shares
Sep. 20, 2023
USD ($)
$ / shares
shares
Sep. 02, 2023
USD ($)
$ / shares
shares
Aug. 15, 2023
USD ($)
$ / shares
shares
Jul. 20, 2023
USD ($)
$ / shares
shares
Jul. 11, 2023
USD ($)
$ / shares
shares
Jul. 10, 2023
USD ($)
$ / shares
shares
Jun. 30, 2023
USD ($)
$ / shares
shares
Jun. 23, 2023
USD ($)
$ / shares
shares
May 02, 2023
USD ($)
$ / shares
shares
May 01, 2023
USD ($)
$ / shares
shares
Apr. 20, 2023
USD ($)
$ / shares
shares
Oct. 17, 2022
$ / shares
shares
Jul. 11, 2022
USD ($)
$ / shares
shares
Jul. 11, 2022
USD ($)
$ / shares
Apr. 28, 2022
USD ($)
$ / shares
shares
Apr. 30, 2023
USD ($)
$ / shares
shares
Dec. 31, 2022
USD ($)
$ / shares
shares
Jan. 31, 2022
USD ($)
$ / shares
shares
Oct. 31, 2023
USD ($)
$ / shares
shares
Oct. 31, 2022
USD ($)
$ / shares
shares
Jan. 28, 2022
USD ($)
$ / shares
Oct. 31, 2021
$ / shares
Subsidiary, Sale of Stock [Line Items]                                                
Aggregate authorized shares | shares                                         500,000,000      
Common stock, shares authorized | shares                                         490,000,000 490,000,000    
Common stock, par value | $ / shares                                         $ 0.0001 $ 0.0001    
Preferred stock, shares authorized | shares                                         10,000,000 10,000,000    
Preferred stock, par value | $ / shares                                         $ 0.0001 $ 0.0001    
Share price | $ / shares $ 0.27                                              
Grant date value                                         $ 372,000 $ 60,000    
Stock based compensation                                         1,044,261 6,202    
Share based compensation, unrecognized expense                                         267,659      
Gross proceeds                                         738,659 60,543    
Stock issued value during period for services                                         366,659      
Resale amendment agreement, description                 the Company issued a Form S-1/A, which registered for resale (i) up to 3,149,314 shares of common stock, par value $0.0001 per share which the selling stockholders may acquire upon the exercise of outstanding common warrants and (ii) up to 500,000 shares of common stock, which the selling stockholders may acquire upon the exercise of outstanding pre-funded warrants. Such warrants were issued to the selling stockholders in connection with securities purchase agreements entered into on January 28, 2022 and September 20, 2022. The Company recorded 699,848 shares of common stock that are not exercised but registered in accordance with their common warrant agreements and 500,000 shares of common stock that are not exercised but registered in accordance with their pre-funded warrant agreements upon the filing of this Form S-1/A                              
Number of shares grant | shares 1,000,000                                              
Number of shares granted fair value $ 271,000                                              
Vesting period The restricted stock grant vests over a period of two years, with 25% of the shares of restricted stock vesting six months after the Peterson Employment Agreement Effective Date, and the remainder vesting in equal tranches on each of the 12-, 18-, and 24-month anniversary dates of the Peterson Employment Agreement                                              
Stock based compensation                                         $ 3,341      
Warrants expiration term                                       3 years        
Expected term                                         5 years      
Expected volatility rate                                         137.10%      
Expected dividend rate                                         0.00%      
Options exercise price | $ / shares                                         $ 1.12    
New Modified Terms [Member]                                                
Subsidiary, Sale of Stock [Line Items]                                                
Aggregate of warrants | shares     451,831         2,449,466                                
Original Issue Terms [Member]                                                
Subsidiary, Sale of Stock [Line Items]                                                
Aggregate of warrants | shares     559,878         1,959,573                                
Measurement Input, Option Volatility [Member]                                                
Subsidiary, Sale of Stock [Line Items]                                                
Warrant measurement input                                       92        
Measurement Input, Option Volatility [Member] | New Modified Terms [Member]                                                
Subsidiary, Sale of Stock [Line Items]                                                
Expected volatility rate     148.00%         136.00%                                
Measurement Input, Option Volatility [Member] | Original Issue Terms [Member]                                                
Subsidiary, Sale of Stock [Line Items]                                                
Expected volatility rate     148.00%         136.00%                                
Measurement Input, Exercise Price [Member]                                                
Subsidiary, Sale of Stock [Line Items]                                                
Warrant measurement input                                       50        
Measurement Input, Exercise Price [Member] | New Modified Terms [Member]                                                
Subsidiary, Sale of Stock [Line Items]                                                
Exercise price | $ / shares     $ 0.11         $ 0.80                                
Measurement Input, Exercise Price [Member] | Original Issue Terms [Member]                                                
Subsidiary, Sale of Stock [Line Items]                                                
Exercise price | $ / shares     1.03         1.03                                
Measurement Input, Share Price [Member] | New Modified Terms [Member]                                                
Subsidiary, Sale of Stock [Line Items]                                                
Share price | $ / shares     0.57         1.53                                
Measurement Input, Share Price [Member] | Original Issue Terms [Member]                                                
Subsidiary, Sale of Stock [Line Items]                                                
Share price | $ / shares     $ 0.57         $ 1.43                                
Measurement Input, Expected Term [Member] | New Modified Terms [Member]                                                
Subsidiary, Sale of Stock [Line Items]                                                
Expected term     3 years         3 years                                
Measurement Input, Expected Term [Member] | Original Issue Terms [Member]                                                
Subsidiary, Sale of Stock [Line Items]                                                
Expected term     3 years         3 years                                
Measurement Input, Expected Dividend Rate [Member] | New Modified Terms [Member]                                                
Subsidiary, Sale of Stock [Line Items]                                                
Expected dividend rate     0.00%         0.00%                                
Measurement Input, Expected Dividend Rate [Member] | Original Issue Terms [Member]                                                
Subsidiary, Sale of Stock [Line Items]                                                
Expected dividend rate     0.00%         0.00%                                
Measurement Input, Discount Rate [Member] | New Modified Terms [Member]                                                
Subsidiary, Sale of Stock [Line Items]                                                
Warrant measurement input     4.82         4.54                                
Measurement Input, Discount Rate [Member] | Original Issue Terms [Member]                                                
Subsidiary, Sale of Stock [Line Items]                                                
Warrant measurement input     4.82         4.54                                
2022 Equity Incentive Plan [Member]                                                
Subsidiary, Sale of Stock [Line Items]                                                
Stock based compensation                                         $ 440,219 0    
Share based compensation, unrecognized expense                                         1,064,781      
Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) [Member]                                                
Subsidiary, Sale of Stock [Line Items]                                                
Issuance of common stock for cash net, shares | shares                       700,000                        
Grant date value                       $ 1,505,000                        
Common stock par value | $ / shares                       $ 2.15                        
Stock based compensation                                         96,016 $ 0    
Share based compensation, unrecognized expense                                         $ 177,259      
Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Option [Member]                                                
Subsidiary, Sale of Stock [Line Items]                                                
Options exercise price | $ / shares                                         $ 0.52  
GPL Ventures LLC [Member]                                                
Subsidiary, Sale of Stock [Line Items]                                                
Common stock, par value | $ / shares                                 $ 0.0001              
Issuance of common stock for cash net, shares | shares                                 4,500,000              
Share price | $ / shares                                 $ 0.29              
Grant date value                                 $ 1,322,933              
Warrant [Member]                                                
Subsidiary, Sale of Stock [Line Items]                                                
Equity fair value                                       $ 994,091     $ 994,091  
Issuance of common stock for cash net, shares | shares   451,831                     100,000                      
Share price | $ / shares                         $ 3.30                      
Warrants expiration term                                       3 years        
Aggregate of warrants | shares                                       2,519,451        
Exercise price of warrants or rights | $ / shares               $ 0.80                       $ 1.03        
Warrant exercise price, description     (i) reduce the exercise price of the warrant from an exercise price of $1.03 per share to $0.11 per share and (ii) add a customary cashless exercise provision to the warrant.         i) the exercise price was reduced from $1.03 to $0.80 and ii) the number of warrants was increased by a factor of 1.25 or 489,893 warrants in order to induce full, immediate exercise.                                
Net of equity issuance costs               $ 146,938                                
Proceeds from issuance of warrants               1,812,635                                
Warrant [Member] | New Modified Terms [Member]                                                
Subsidiary, Sale of Stock [Line Items]                                                
Net of equity issuance costs     $ 1,000         $ 300,000                                
Common Stock [Member]                                                
Subsidiary, Sale of Stock [Line Items]                                                
Common stock, par value | $ / shares             $ 0.0001     $ 0.0001 $ 0.0001               $ 0.0001          
Issuance of common stock for cash net, shares | shares                         12,500           400,000   400,000 10,000    
Grant date value                                         $ 40 $ 1    
Common stock par value | $ / shares             $ 1.21     $ 0.88 $ 2.10   $ 2.00           $ 1.00          
Gross proceeds                                     $ 400,000          
Stock issued during period for services | shares             100,000     100,000 25,000                   285,500      
Stock issued value during period for services                                         $ 29      
Common Stock [Member] | Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) [Member]                                                
Subsidiary, Sale of Stock [Line Items]                                                
Common stock, par value | $ / shares       $ 0.0001                                        
Issuance of common stock for cash net, shares | shares       425,000                                        
Grant date value       $ 273,275                                        
Common stock par value | $ / shares       $ 0.64                                        
IPO [Member]                                                
Subsidiary, Sale of Stock [Line Items]                                                
Issuance of common stock for cash net, shares | shares                                   375,000            
Common stock par value | $ / shares                                   $ 3.00            
Gross proceeds                                   $ 6,000,000            
Number of shares sold | shares                         2,000,000         2,000,000            
Sale of stock, price per share | $ / shares                         $ 3.00         $ 3.00            
Percentage of outstanding principal balance                                   25.00%            
Debt instrument, principal amount                                   $ 4,500,000            
Percentage of public offering price                                     110.00%          
Two Accredited Investors [Member] | Common Stock [Member]                                                
Subsidiary, Sale of Stock [Line Items]                                                
Number of shares issued | shares                                     400,000          
Over-Allotment Option [Member]                                                
Subsidiary, Sale of Stock [Line Items]                                                
Exercise price of warrants or rights | $ / shares                         $ 3.30           $ 3.30          
Shares issued warrants to purchase | shares                         100,000           100,000          
Percentage of public offering price                         110.00%                      
Investors [Member]                                                
Subsidiary, Sale of Stock [Line Items]                                                
Common stock par value | $ / shares                           $ 0.29                 $ 0.29  
Investors [Member] | IPO [Member]                                                
Subsidiary, Sale of Stock [Line Items]                                                
Common stock par value | $ / shares                                             $ 3.00  
Debt instrument, principal amount                                             $ 4,500,000  
Investors [Member] | IPO [Member] | Warrant [Member]                                                
Subsidiary, Sale of Stock [Line Items]                                                
Warrant exercisable, rate                                       50        
Director [Member]                                                
Subsidiary, Sale of Stock [Line Items]                                                
Stock based compensation                               $ 50,000                
Director [Member] | Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) [Member]                                                
Subsidiary, Sale of Stock [Line Items]                                                
Issuance of common stock for cash net, shares | shares                             60,000                  
Share price | $ / shares                             $ 0.29 $ 0.29                
Grant date value                             $ 300,000                  
Common stock par value | $ / shares                             $ 0.0001 $ 0.0001                
Total fair value                             $ 88,200                  
Stock based compensation                                         88,200 $ 0    
Share based compensation, unrecognized expense                                         0      
Executives [Member] | Restricted Stock [Member]                                                
Subsidiary, Sale of Stock [Line Items]                                                
Issuance of common stock for cash net, shares | shares                           1,100,000               1,100,000    
Grant date value                                           $ 323,400    
Stock based compensation                                         161,700 6,202    
Share based compensation, unrecognized expense                                         155,498      
Consultants [Member]                                                
Subsidiary, Sale of Stock [Line Items]                                                
Stock based compensation                         $ 25,000                      
Stock issued value during period for services             $ 121,000     $ 88,000 $ 52,500                          
Marcum LLP [Member] | Common Stock [Member]                                                
Subsidiary, Sale of Stock [Line Items]                                                
Common stock, par value | $ / shares                 $ 0.0001                              
Issuance of common stock for cash net, shares | shares                 48,000                              
Grant date value                 $ 80,159                              
Common stock par value | $ / shares                 $ 1.67                              
Mr Frank Ingriselli [Member] | Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) [Member]                                                
Subsidiary, Sale of Stock [Line Items]                                                
Issuance of common stock for cash net, shares | shares           200,000                                    
Grant date value           $ 213,000                                    
Common stock par value | $ / shares           $ 1.07                                    
Four Outside Director [Member] | Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) [Member]                                                
Subsidiary, Sale of Stock [Line Items]                                                
Issuance of common stock for cash net, shares | shares       425,000                                        
Share price | $ / shares       $ 0.64                                        
Grant date value       $ 273,275                                        
Common stock par value | $ / shares       $ 0.0001                                        
Stock based compensation                                         96,016 $ 0    
Share based compensation, unrecognized expense                                         $ 177,259      
Consultant [Member] | Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Option [Member]                                                
Subsidiary, Sale of Stock [Line Items]                                                
Number of shares issued | shares         120,000                                      
Options exercise price | $ / shares         $ 0.52                                      
Number of options vesting period         24 months                                      
Number of options granted fair value         $ 55,711                                      
XML 59 R46.htm IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT v3.24.1.1.u2
SUBSEQUENT EVENTS (Details Narrative) - USD ($)
12 Months Ended
Jan. 02, 2024
Dec. 29, 2023
Nov. 10, 2023
Oct. 31, 2023
Oct. 31, 2022
Dec. 28, 2023
Nov. 11, 2023
Subsequent Event [Line Items]              
Proceeds from notes payable       $ 4,820,000    
Subsequent Event [Member]              
Subsequent Event [Line Items]              
Warrants exercise price   $ 0.50       $ 1.20  
Subsequent Event [Member] | AR Agreement [Member]              
Subsequent Event [Line Items]              
Percentage of production share     20.00%        
Percentage of interest     20.00%        
Payments to acquire loans and leases     $ 2,000,000        
Subsequent Event [Member] | Amended AR Agreement [Member]              
Subsequent Event [Line Items]              
Percentage of interest   2.00%          
Amount agreed to fund   $ 200,000          
Total purchase price of lease   $ 2,000,000          
Subsequent Event [Member] | Amended AR Agreement [Member] | Heavy Sweet Oil LLC [Member]              
Subsequent Event [Line Items]              
Percentage of interest   2.00%          
Payments to acquire loans and leases   $ 200,000          
Subsequent Event [Member] | Amendment To October 2023 SPA [Member]              
Subsequent Event [Line Items]              
Principal amount   $ 550,000          
Subsequent Event [Member] | Amendment To Second Tranche Financing [Member]              
Subsequent Event [Line Items]              
Warrants exercise price $ 0.50            
Principal amount $ 550,000            
Proceeds from notes payable $ 511,500            
Conversion price $ 0.50            
Subsequent Event [Member] | Common Warrant [Member]              
Subsequent Event [Line Items]              
Common stock issuable             1,733,404
Subsequent Event [Member] | Placement Agent Warrant [Member]              
Subsequent Event [Line Items]              
Common stock issuable             83,333
Subsequent Event [Member] | Warrant [Member] | Amendment To Second Tranche Financing [Member]              
Subsequent Event [Line Items]              
Purchase of warrant 445,561            
Senior Secured Convertible Promissory Note [Member] | Subsequent Event [Member]              
Subsequent Event [Line Items]              
Common stock issuable             11,428,572
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DE 87-1968201 5401 Business Park South Suite 115 Bakersfield CA 93309 (661) 324-3911 Common Stock, par value $0.0001 per share TPET NYSE No No Yes Yes Non-accelerated Filer true true false false false false 26020517 31898294 This amendment (the “Amendment”) is being filed to reissue the financial statements of Trio Petroleum Corp. (the “Company”), including the notes to the financial statements, for the years ended October 31, 2023 and 2022, contained in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended October 31, 2023, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on January 29, 2024 (“Form 10-K), in order to replace the Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm of BF Borgers CPA PC (“Borgers”), included in the Form 10-K, with the Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm from Bush & Associates CPA LLC (“Bush”), included in this Amendment Bush & Associates CPA LLC Henderson, Nevada 6797 1561924 73648 133417 35000 1643881 1695341 1752529 9947742 5836232 1900000 11643083 9488761 609360 1164055 2778 2778 1217597 21651 4403439 1025497 1025497 114883 1851386 6710652 9450 48313 45535 48313 54985 1899699 6765637 0.0001 0.0001 10000000 10000000 0 0 0 0 0.0001 0.0001 490000000 490000000 31046516 31046516 16972800 16972800 3105 1697 10010 10010 20197171 6633893 -10446882 -3902456 9743384 2723124 11643083 9488761 251743 28669 3311886 768379 1044261 6202 2778 2778 4610668 806028 -4610668 -806028 791811 1661981 1322933 13051 1125000 3896 9450 -1933758 -2994364 -6544426 -3800392 -6544426 -3800392 -0.28 -0.26 -0.28 -0.26 23079750 14797786 23079750 14797786 16972800 1697 -10010 6633893 -3902456 2723124 400000 40 371960 372000 5038902 504 5164371 5164875 375000 38 1124962 1125000 2000000 200 3342426 3342626 4000 4000 2449466 245 1812390 1812635 285500 29 366630 366659 2125000 213 -213 1199848 120 -120 332630 332630 200000 19 1044242 1044261 -6544426 -6544426 31046516 3105 -10010 20197171 -10446882 9743384 10982800 1098 -50545 4202021 -102064 4050510 10982800 1098 -50545 4202021 -102064 4050510 80000 8 535 543 4500000 450 1322483 1322933 10000 1 40000 19999 60000 994091 994091 300000 30 -30 1100000 110 -110 89237 89237 6202 6202 -3800392 -3800392 16972800 1697 -10010 6633893 -3902456 2723124 16972800 1697 -10010 6633893 -3902456 2723124 -6544426 -3800392 -9450 9450 25000 2778 2778 1125000 -140000 473240 1218951 80000 89237 1044261 6202 1322933 123417 13846 110180 582543 -4036834 -502144 362022 3749488 1900000 21651 -2189859 738659 60543 4820000 1472512 2920000 6000000 350320 575438 1812635 1013493 888190 2000000 7714969 496915 1488276 -5229 73648 78877 1561924 73648 332630 1108974 213 30 120 4000 <p id="xdx_80F_eus-gaap--NatureOfOperations_zRWvcY8rHCAl" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>NOTE 1 - <span id="xdx_826_zYASJMkcrUvd">NATURE OF THE ORGANIZATION AND BUSINESS</span></b></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Company Organization</i></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Trio Petroleum Corp. (“Trio Petroleum” or the “Company”) is an oil and gas exploration and development company headquartered in Bakersfield, California, with operations in Monterey County, California. The Company was incorporated on July 19, 2021, under the laws of Delaware to acquire, fund and develop oil exploration and production assets in California; it has no revenue-generating operations as of the date of this filing. The Company was formed to acquire Trio Petroleum LLC’s (“Trio LLC”) approximate <span id="xdx_903_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationStepAcquisitionEquityInterestInAcquireePercentage_iI_pid_dp_uPure_c20231031__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--TrioLLCMember__us-gaap--BusinessAcquisitionAxis__custom--SouthSalinasProjectMember_zc8sRnLCqXla" title="Business acquisition increase in percentage of working interest">82.75</span>% working interest, which was subsequently increased to an approximate <span id="xdx_90F_eus-gaap--BusinessAcquisitionPercentageOfVotingInterestsAcquired_iI_dp_uPure_c20231031__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--TrioLLCMember__us-gaap--BusinessAcquisitionAxis__custom--SouthSalinasProjectMember_zFw7EPomKtp2" title="Business acquisition percentage of working interest">85.75</span>% working interest, in the large, approximately 9,300-acre South Salinas Project located in Monterey, California, and subsequently partner with certain members of Trio LLC’s management team to develop and operate those assets. (see Note 5 and Note 6).</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Acquisition of South Salinas Project</i></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On September 14, 2021, the Company entered into a Purchase and Sale Agreement (“Trio LLC PSA”) with Trio LLC to acquire an <span id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--BusinessAcquisitionPercentageOfVotingInterestsAcquired_iI_dp_uPure_c20210914__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--PurchaseAndSaleAgreementMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--TrioLLCMember__us-gaap--BusinessAcquisitionAxis__custom--SouthSalinasProjectMember_zEmbfgcV3rg9" title="Business acquisition percentage">82.75</span>% working interest in the South Salinas Project; the working interest included the purchased percentage of the South Salinas Project’s leases, wells and inventory in exchange for $<span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--PaymentsToAcquireBusinessesGross_c20210913__20210914__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--PurchaseAndSaleAgreementMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--TrioLLCMember_zFLRzkQ9O903" title="Payments to acquire businesses net of cash acquired">300,000</span> cash, a non-interest-bearing note payable of $<span id="xdx_901_eus-gaap--AccountsPayableInterestBearingCurrentAndNoncurrent_iI_c20211217__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--PurchaseAndSaleAgreementMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--TrioLLCMember_zw6dsMnyi6Ei" title="Non interest bearing notes payable">3,700,000</span> due to Trio LLC on December 17, 2021 (see Note 6 and Note 9) and <span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues_c20211216__20211217__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--PurchaseAndSaleAgreementMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--TrioLLCMember_zm1l4vHrrwV4" title="Number of shares issued">4,900,000</span> shares of the Company’s $<span id="xdx_90E_eus-gaap--CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare_iI_c20211217__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--PurchaseAndSaleAgreementMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--TrioLLCMember_zCtNzjpoIGy3" title="Common stock price per share">0.0001</span> par value common stock (see Note 5 and Note 10). At the time of the acquisition, this share issuance constituted <span id="xdx_90D_ecustom--BusinessAcquisitionOfOutstandingSharesPercentage_iI_dp_uPure_c20210914__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--TrioLLCMember_z2JKf0v6k7X4" title="Business acquisition percentage.">45</span>% of the total number of issued shares of the Company. The Company accounted for the purchase as an asset acquisition, as prescribed in Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 805 - <i>Business Combinations</i>. The assets and associated asset retirement obligations (“ARO”) were recorded based on relative fair value at the estimated fair value of the consideration paid (see Note 5). In April 2023, the Company purchased an additional <span id="xdx_90D_ecustom--PurchaseOfAdditionalInterestPercentage_iI_dp_uPure_c20230430__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--PurchaseAndSaleAgreementMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--TrioLLCMember_zycJoLh0oSX3" title="Working interest percentage">3</span>% working interest in the South Salinas Project; see Note 5 for further information. As of October 31, 2023 and 2022, there were no proved reserves attributable to the approximate <span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--AreaOfLand_iI_usqft_c20231031__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--PurchaseAndSaleAgreementMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--TrioLLCMember_zz9ppefwIzpi" title="Acres of property"><span id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--AreaOfLand_iI_usqft_c20221031__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--PurchaseAndSaleAgreementMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--TrioLLCMember_zOGxnzcFh5n6" title="Acres of property">9,300</span></span> acres of the property.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Initial Public Offering</i></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The Company’s Registration Statement (Amendment No. 9) on Form S-1/A was filed with the SEC on March 24, 2023; its Initial Public Offering was declared effective on April 17, 2023 and closed on April 20, 2023 (collectively, the “Offering” or “IPO”). The Company sold <span id="xdx_905_eus-gaap--SaleOfStockNumberOfSharesIssuedInTransaction_c20230420__20230420__us-gaap--SubsidiarySaleOfStockAxis__us-gaap--IPOMember_ziH1DWHqUpAj" title="Number of shares sold">2,000,000</span> shares of its common stock for total gross proceeds of $<span id="xdx_90E_eus-gaap--SaleOfStockConsiderationReceivedOnTransaction_c20230420__20230420__us-gaap--SubsidiarySaleOfStockAxis__us-gaap--IPOMember_zOjCdQdjeECa" title="Gross proceeds from sale of shares">6,000,000</span>, which is described more fully in Note 4.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Emerging Growth Company</i></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The Company is an “emerging growth company,” as defined in Section 2(a)(19) of the Securities Act, as modified by the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012 (the “JOBS Act”), and it may take advantage of certain exemptions from various reporting requirements that are applicable to other public companies that are not emerging growth companies including, but not limited to, not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in its periodic reports and proxy statements, and exemptions from the requirements of holding a nonbinding advisory vote on executive compensation and approval of any golden parachute payments not previously approved. Further, Section 102(b)(1) of the JOBS Act exempts emerging growth companies from being required to comply with new or revised financial accounting standards until private companies (that is, those that have not had a Securities Act registration statement declared effective or do not have a class of securities registered under the Exchange Act) are required to comply with the new or revised financial accounting standards. The JOBS Act provides that a company can elect to opt out of the extended transition period and comply with the requirements that apply to non-emerging growth companies but any such election to opt out is irrevocable. The Company has elected not to opt out of such extended transition period which means that when a standard is issued or revised and it has different application dates for public or private companies, the Company, as an emerging growth company, can adopt the new or revised standard at the time private companies adopt the new or revised standard. This may make comparison of the Company’s financial statements with another public company which is neither an emerging growth company nor an emerging growth company which has opted out of using the extended transition period difficult or impossible because of the potential differences in accounting standards used.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> 0.8275 0.8575 0.8275 300000 3700000 4900000 0.0001 0.45 0.03 9300 9300 2000000 6000000 <p id="xdx_80D_eus-gaap--BasisOfPresentationAndSignificantAccountingPoliciesTextBlock_zigkKXASTyle" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>NOTE 2 - <span id="xdx_821_zvv1FHrV9i87">SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES</span></b></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p id="xdx_849_eus-gaap--BasisOfAccountingPolicyPolicyTextBlock_zbe6dMHB23qa" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i><span id="xdx_86C_zWEq5dd4X2P6">Basis of Presentation</span></i></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The accompanying financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“US GAAP”).</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p id="xdx_842_eus-gaap--UseOfEstimates_zVhWripfbpeb" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i><span id="xdx_86D_zHpyOYpWzRPl">Use of Estimates</span></i></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The preparation of financial statements in accordance with US GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, equity-based transaction and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the revenue and expenses during the reporting period.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Making estimates requires management to exercise significant judgment. It is at least reasonably possible that the estimate of the effect of a condition, situation or set of circumstances that existed at the date of the financial statement, which management considered in formulating its estimate, could change in the near term due to one or more future confirming events. Some of the more significant estimates required to be made by management include estimates of oil and natural gas reserves (when and if assigned) and related present value estimates of future net cash flows therefrom, the carrying value of oil and natural gas properties, accounts receivable, bad debt expense, ARO and the valuation of equity-based transactions. Accordingly, actual results could differ significantly from those estimates.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p id="xdx_845_eus-gaap--CashAndCashEquivalentsPolicyTextBlock_zSJdA3GxpsYb" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i><span id="xdx_861_zraybxBHnWS1">Cash and cash equivalents</span></i></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The Company considers all short-term investments with an original maturity of three months or less when purchased to be cash equivalents. The Company had <span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--CashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue_iI_do_c20231031_zdwUOUeWSHhi" title="Cash equivalents"><span id="xdx_903_eus-gaap--CashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue_iI_do_c20221031_zDiNG69JD95i" title="Cash equivalents">no</span></span> cash equivalents as of October 31, 2023 and 2022.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p id="xdx_84E_ecustom--PrepaidExpensesPolicyTextBlock_zeIXsKtEEkoj" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i><span id="xdx_863_zgOPpL7ZQQ29">Prepaid Expenses</span></i></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Prepaid expenses consist primarily of prepaid services which will be expensed as the services are provided within twelve months. As of October 31, 2023 and 2022, the balances of the prepaids account were $<span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--PrepaidExpenseCurrent_iI_c20231031_z4qwtnkobiCd" title="Prepaid expense, current">133,417</span> and $<span id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--PrepaidExpenseCurrent_iI_c20221031_z1PLYU8KJbkh" title="Prepaid expense, current">35,000</span>, respectively.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p id="xdx_842_eus-gaap--DeferredChargesPolicyTextBlock_zc4rhIcFtHll" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i><span id="xdx_861_zy4YfDI8DrY1">Deferred Offering Costs</span></i></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Deferred offering costs consist of professional fees, filing, regulatory and other costs incurred through the balance sheet date that are directly related to the planned IPO (see Note 4). As of October 31, 2023 and 2022, offering costs in the aggregate of $<span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--DeferredOfferingCosts_iI_dxL_c20231031_zeuRiwf7kUH6" title="Deferred offering costs::XDX::-"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0642">0</span></span> and $<span id="xdx_901_eus-gaap--DeferredOfferingCosts_iI_c20221031_zV0UmVNAoLUh" title="Deferred offering costs">1,643,881</span>, respectively, were deferred.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p id="xdx_84B_eus-gaap--DebtPolicyTextBlock_zo5suFVdxyKa" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i><span id="xdx_862_z0aAcFr9dMbc">Debt Issuance Costs</span></i></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Costs incurred in connection with the issuance of the Company’s debt have been recorded as a direct reduction against the debt and amortized over the life of the associated debt as a component of interest expense. As of October 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company recorded $<span id="xdx_907_eus-gaap--DeferredFinanceCostsGross_iI_c20231031_zuvd2hYCdKT5" title="Debt issuance costs, gross">350,320</span> and $<span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--DeferredFinanceCostsGross_iI_c20221031_z75BZpvhTMF6" title="Debt issuance costs, gross">575,438</span> in debt issuance costs.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p id="xdx_846_eus-gaap--OilAndGasPropertiesPolicyPolicyTextBlock_znBUWHXZRYhc" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i><span id="xdx_863_zIQmUH1wVOtc">Oil and Gas Assets and Exploration Costs - Successful Efforts</span></i></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The Company’s projects are in early development and/or exploration stages and it has not yet realized any revenues from its operations. It applies the successful efforts method of accounting for crude oil and natural gas properties. Under this method, exploration costs such as exploratory, geological, and geophysical costs, delay rentals and exploratory overhead are expensed as incurred. If an exploratory property provides evidence to justify potential development of reserves, drilling costs associated with the property are initially capitalized, or suspended, pending a determination as to whether a commercially sufficient quantity of proved reserves can be attributed to the area as a result of drilling. At the end of each quarter, management reviews the status of all suspended exploratory property costs considering ongoing exploration activities; in particular, whether the Company is making sufficient progress in its ongoing exploration and appraisal efforts. If management determines that future appraisal drilling or development activities are unlikely to occur, associated exploratory well costs are expensed.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Costs to acquire mineral interests in crude oil and/or natural gas properties, drill and equip exploratory wells that find proved reserves and drill and equip development wells are capitalized. Acquisition costs of unproved leaseholds are assessed for impairment during the holding period and transferred to proven crude oil and/or natural gas properties to the extent associated with successful exploration activities. Significant undeveloped leases are assessed individually for impairment, based on the Company’s current exploration plans, and a valuation allowance is provided if impairment is indicated. Capitalized costs from successful exploration and development activities associated with producing crude oil and/or natural gas leases, along with capitalized costs for support equipment and facilities, are amortized to expense using the unit-of-production method based on proved crude oil and/or natural gas reserves on a field-by-field basis, as estimated by qualified petroleum engineers. As of October 31, 2023 and 2022, all of the Company’s oil and gas properties were classified as unproved properties and were not subject to depreciation, depletion and amortization.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"> </p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p id="xdx_84C_ecustom--UnprovedOilAndNaturalGasPropertiesPolicyTextBlock_zHZBnxLKQqNe" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i><span id="xdx_86D_zE5IJaTlt4P8">Unproved oil and natural gas properties</span></i></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Unproved oil and natural gas properties consist of costs incurred to acquire unproved leases. Unproved lease acquisition costs are capitalized until the lease expires or when the Company specifically identifies a lease that will revert to the lessor, at which time it charges the associated unproved lease acquisition costs to exploration costs.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Unproved oil and natural gas properties are not subject to amortization and are assessed periodically for impairment on a property-by-property basis based on remaining lease terms, drilling results or future plans to develop acreage. All of the Company’s natural gas properties were classified as unproved as of October 31, 2023 and 2022; see further discussion in Note 5.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p id="xdx_84B_eus-gaap--ImpairmentOrDisposalOfLongLivedAssetsPolicyTextBlock_zTmhTl0nQ6f3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i><span id="xdx_86A_zIG1AjrYZzDh">Impairment of Other Long-lived Assets</span></i></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The Company reviews the carrying value of its long-lived assets annually or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the historical cost-carrying value of an asset may no longer be appropriate. The Company assesses the recoverability of the carrying value of the asset by estimating the future net undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the asset, including eventual disposition. If the future net undiscounted cash flows are less than the carrying value of the asset, an impairment loss is recorded equal to the difference between the asset’s carrying value and estimated fair value. With regards to oil and gas properties, this assessment applies to proved properties<i>.</i></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">As of October 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company had <span id="xdx_901_eus-gaap--OtherIndefiniteLivedIntangibleAssets_iI_do_c20231031_zZJ92nq78As4" title="Impairment of long-lived assets"><span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--OtherIndefiniteLivedIntangibleAssets_iI_do_c20221031_zVxuueH2dI97" title="Impairment of long-lived assets">no</span></span> impairment of long-lived assets.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p id="xdx_840_eus-gaap--AssetRetirementObligationsPolicy_zSiljY9NVcK6" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i><span id="xdx_865_zSuoDkki8cbl">Asset Retirement Obligations</span></i></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">ARO consists of future plugging and abandonment expenses on oil and natural gas properties. In connection with the South Salinas Project acquisition described above, the Company acquired the plugging and abandonment liabilities associated with six non-producing wells. The fair value of the ARO was recorded as a liability in the period in which the wells were acquired with a corresponding increase in the carrying amount of oil and natural gas properties not subject to impairment. The Company plans to utilize the six wellbores acquired in the South Salinas Project acquisition in future exploration activities. The liability is accreted for the change in its present value each period based on the expected dates that the wellbores will be required to be plugged and abandoned. The capitalized cost of ARO is included in oil and gas properties and is a component of oil and gas property costs for purposes of impairment and, if proved reserves are found, such capitalized costs will be depreciated using the units-of-production method. The asset and liability are adjusted for changes resulting from revisions to the timing or the amount of the original estimate when deemed necessary. If the liability is settled for an amount other than the recorded amount, a gain or loss is recognized.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p id="xdx_891_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfAssetRetirementObligationsTableTextBlock_zTm4zUph4Sca" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Components of the changes in ARO for the years ended October 31, 2022 and 2023 are shown below:</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span><span id="xdx_8BF_zqwVNmDEfkEd" style="display: none">SCHEDULE OF COMPONENTS OF CHANGES IN ARO</span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%"> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="width: 80%">ARO, ending balance - October 31, 2021</td><td style="width: 2%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_983_eus-gaap--AssetRetirementObligation_iS_c20211101__20221031_zhIGguoD1kDc" style="width: 16%; text-align: right" title="ARO, ending balance">45,535</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Accretion expense</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_981_eus-gaap--AccretionExpense_c20211101__20221031_zXgf931TE3Il" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right" title="Accretion expense">2,778</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td>ARO, ending balance - October 31, 2022</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_98F_eus-gaap--AssetRetirementObligation_iS_c20221101__20231031_zjOKYXSbp5b9" style="text-align: right" title="ARO, ending balance">48,313</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Accretion expense</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_983_eus-gaap--AccretionExpense_c20221101__20231031_zvzkcqREMgH2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right" title="Accretion expense">2,778</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td>ARO, ending balance - October 31, 2023</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--AssetRetirementObligation_iE_c20221101__20231031_z6OhGwbDjKz5" style="text-align: right" title="ARO, ending balance">51,091</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="padding-left: 0pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Less: ARO - current</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_985_eus-gaap--AssetRetirementObligationCurrent_iI_c20231031_zStxOeYe6Akb" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right" title="Less: ARO - current">2,778</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="padding-left: 10pt; padding-bottom: 2.5pt">ARO, net of current portion - October 31, 2023</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_984_eus-gaap--AssetRetirementObligationsNoncurrent_iI_c20231031_z5xKttCAOEL5" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="ARO, net of current portion">48,313</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> </table> <p id="xdx_8A6_ztwcnOALSX6k" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p id="xdx_840_ecustom--RelatedPartiesPolicyTextBlock_zxXmuH8veTU7" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i><span id="xdx_868_zIvqhPK2JXuf">Related Parties</span></i></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Related parties are directly or indirectly related to the Company, through one or more intermediaries and are in control, controlled by, or under common control with the Company. Related parties also include principal owners of the Company, its management, members of the immediate families of principal owners of the Company and its management and other parties with which the Company may deal if one party controls or can significantly influence the management or operating policies of the other to an extent that one of the transacting parties might be prevented from fully pursuing its own separate interests. The Company discloses all related party transactions. On September 14, 2021, the Company acquired an <span id="xdx_907_eus-gaap--BusinessAcquisitionPercentageOfVotingInterestsAcquired_iI_dp_uPure_c20210914__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--TrioLLCMember__us-gaap--BusinessAcquisitionAxis__custom--SouthSalinasProjectMember_z0SMVN135VI5" title="Business acquisition percentage.">82.75</span>% working interest (which was subsequently increased to an <span id="xdx_905_eus-gaap--BusinessAcquisitionPercentageOfVotingInterestsAcquired_iI_dp_uPure_c20230430__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--TrioLLCMember__us-gaap--BusinessAcquisitionAxis__custom--SouthSalinasProjectMember_z8KVbp8aTxd1" title="Business acquisition percentage.">85.75</span>% working interest as of April 2023) in the South Salinas Project from Trio LLC in exchange for cash, a note payable to Trio LLC and the issuance of <span id="xdx_90E_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues_pn5n6_c20210913__20210914__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--TrioLLCMember_zJZh0IUgkTvd" title="Issuance of share">4.9</span> million shares of common stock. As of the date of the acquisition, Trio LLC owned <span id="xdx_90C_ecustom--BusinessAcquisitionOfOutstandingSharesPercentage_iI_dp_uPure_c20210914__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--TrioLLCMember_zjSuQV8dTyrd" title="Business acquisition percentage.">45</span>% of the outstanding shares of the Company and was considered a related party. As of October 31, 2023 and 2022, Trio LLC owned less than <span id="xdx_90E_ecustom--BusinessAcquisitionOfOutstandingSharesPercentage_iI_dp_uPure_c20231031__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--TrioLLCMember_zVLOCeeddcH8" title="Business acquisition percentage.">1</span>% and <span id="xdx_90F_ecustom--BusinessAcquisitionOfOutstandingSharesPercentage_iI_dp_uPure_c20221031__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--TrioLLCMember_zPl3VJTdTrW6" title="Business acquisition percentage.">29</span>%, respectively, of the outstanding shares of the Company.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p id="xdx_840_eus-gaap--IncomeTaxPolicyTextBlock_zjg9AUXl4b6i" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i><span id="xdx_866_zTsTxZmRsnr4">Income Taxes</span></i></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. Deferred tax assets, including tax loss and credit carry forwards, and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The Company utilizes ASC 740, <i>Income Taxes</i>, which requires the recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been included in the financial statements or tax returns. The Company accounts for income taxes using the asset and liability method to compute the differences between the tax basis of assets and liabilities and the related financial amounts, using currently enacted tax rates. A valuation allowance is recorded when it is “more likely than not” that a deferred tax asset will not be realized. At October 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company’s net deferred tax asset has been fully reserved.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">For uncertain tax positions that meet a “more likely than not” threshold, the Company recognizes the benefit of uncertain tax positions in the financial statements. The Company’s practice is to recognize interest and penalties, if any, related to uncertain tax positions in income tax expense in the statements of operations when a determination is made that such expense is likely. The Company is subject to income tax examinations by major taxing authorities since inception.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p id="xdx_840_eus-gaap--FairValueMeasurementPolicyPolicyTextBlock_zhuoN7Itjyt5" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i><span id="xdx_863_zHYr3qhmSSZ3">Fair Value Measurements</span></i></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The carrying values of financial instruments comprising cash and cash equivalents, payables, and notes payable-related party approximate fair values due to the short-term maturities of these instruments. The notes payable- related party is considered a level 3 measurement. As defined in ASC 820, <i>Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures</i>, fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date (exit price). The Company utilizes market data or assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability, including assumptions about risk and the risks inherent in the inputs to the valuation technique. These inputs can be readily observable, market corroborated, or generally unobservable. ASC 820 establishes a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs used to measure fair value. The hierarchy gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1 measurement) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3 measurement). This fair value measurement framework applies to both initial and subsequent measurement.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Level 1:</span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Quoted prices are available in active markets for identical assets or liabilities as of the reporting date. </span></td></tr> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td></tr> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Level 2:</span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Pricing inputs are other than quoted prices in active markets included in Level 1, which are either directly or indirectly observable as of the reported date. Level 2 includes those financial instruments that are valued using models or other valuation methodologies. </span></td></tr> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td></tr> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Level 3:</span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Pricing inputs include significant inputs that are generally less observable from objective sources. These inputs may be used with internally developed methodologies that result in management’s best estimate of fair value. The significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement for nonrecurring fair value measurements of long-lived assets include pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies and similar techniques.</span></td></tr> </table> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">There are no assets or liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis. Assets and liabilities accounted for at fair value on a non-recurring basis in accordance with the fair value hierarchy include the initial allocation of the asset acquisition purchase price, including asset retirement obligations, the fair value of oil and natural gas properties and the assessment of impairment.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The fair value measurements and allocation of assets acquired are measured on a nonrecurring basis on the acquisition date using an income valuation technique based on inputs that are not observable in the market and therefore represent Level 3 inputs. Significant inputs used to determine the fair value include estimates of: (i) reserves; (ii) future commodity prices; (iii) operating and development costs; and (iv) a market-based weighted average cost of capital rate. The underlying commodity prices embedded in the Company’s estimated cash flows are the product of a process that begins with NYMEX forward curve pricing, adjusted for estimated location and quality differentials, as well as other factors that the Company’s management believes will impact realizable prices. These inputs require significant judgments and estimates by the Company’s management at the time of the valuation.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The fair value of additions to the asset retirement obligation liabilities is measured using valuation techniques consistent with the income approach, which converts future cash flows to a single discounted amount. Significant inputs to the valuation include: (i) estimated plug and abandonment cost per well for all oil and natural gas wells and for all disposal wells; (ii) estimated remaining life per well; (iii) future inflation factors; and (iv) the Company’s average credit-adjusted risk-free rate. These assumptions represent Level 3 inputs.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">If the carrying amount of its proved oil and natural gas properties, which are assessed for impairment under ASC 360 - <i>Property, Plant and Equipment,</i> exceeds the estimated undiscounted future cash flows, the Company will adjust the carrying amount of the oil and natural gas properties to fair value. The fair value of its oil and natural gas properties is determined using valuation techniques consistent with the income and market approach. The factors used to determine fair value are subject to management’s judgment and expertise and include, but are not limited to, recent sales prices of comparable properties, the present value of future cash flows, net of estimated operating and development costs using estimates of proved reserves, future commodity pricing, future production estimates, anticipated capital expenditures, and various discount rates commensurate with the risk and current market conditions associated with the expected cash flow projected. These assumptions represent Level 3 inputs.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p id="xdx_847_eus-gaap--EarningsPerSharePolicyTextBlock_zbvpzmCAfPI" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i><span id="xdx_869_z8U8kdK9GoV6">Net Loss Per Share</span></i></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Basic and diluted net loss per share is computed by dividing net loss by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the reporting period. Diluted earnings per share is computed similar to basic loss per share, except the weighted average number of common shares outstanding are increased to include additional shares from the assumed exercise of share options, warrants and convertible notes, if dilutive.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p id="xdx_891_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfEarningsPerShareBasicAndDilutedTableTextBlock_zT7vdWuwBjHh" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The following common share equivalents are excluded from the calculation of weighted average common shares outstanding, because their inclusion would have been anti-dilutive (see Note 10):</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span><span id="xdx_8B3_zHkpQPYiSCgl" style="display: none">SCHEDULE OF WEIGHTED AVERAGE COMMON SHARES OUTSTANDING ANTI-DILUTIVE</span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%"> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>As of October 31,</b></span></p></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>As of October 31,</b></span></p></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">2023</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">2022</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="width: 60%; text-align: left">Warrants (Note 9, Note 10)</td><td style="width: 2%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_987_eus-gaap--IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToCallOptionsAndWarrants_c20221101__20231031__us-gaap--AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareByAntidilutiveSecuritiesAxis__us-gaap--WarrantMember_fKDQp_zcJrHSorQ39h" style="width: 16%; text-align: right" title="Warrents">396,247</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><sup>(4)</sup></td><td style="width: 2%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_986_eus-gaap--IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToCallOptionsAndWarrants_c20211101__20221031__us-gaap--AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareByAntidilutiveSecuritiesAxis__us-gaap--WarrantMember_fKDEp_zmsLmpM1f0I6" style="width: 16%; text-align: right" title="Warrents">693,107</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><sup>(1)</sup></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: left">Convertible Notes (Note 9, Note 10)</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_988_eus-gaap--IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToConversionOfDebtSecurities_c20221101__20231031__us-gaap--AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareByAntidilutiveSecuritiesAxis__custom--ConvertibleNotesMember_zASrC1nlv249" style="text-align: right" title="Convertible Notes"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0706">-</span></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_981_eus-gaap--IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToConversionOfDebtSecurities_c20211101__20221031__us-gaap--AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareByAntidilutiveSecuritiesAxis__custom--ConvertibleNotesMember_fKDIp_zPZDgbMgKVGd" style="text-align: right" title="Convertible Notes">2,772,429</td><td style="text-align: left"><sup>(2)</sup></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td>Commitment Shares (Note 9, Note 10)</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_984_eus-gaap--IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToContingentlyIssuableShares_c20221101__20231031__us-gaap--AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareByAntidilutiveSecuritiesAxis__custom--CommitmentSharesMember_zrx21xXer5z5" style="text-align: right" title="Commitment Shares"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0710">-</span></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_98F_eus-gaap--IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToContingentlyIssuableShares_c20211101__20221031__us-gaap--AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareByAntidilutiveSecuritiesAxis__custom--CommitmentSharesMember_fKDMp_z0AtJtfyNxGa" style="text-align: right" title="Commitment Shares">321,428</td><td style="text-align: left"><sup>(3)</sup></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Restricted stock units and shares (Note 6, Note 10)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_981_eus-gaap--IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToContingentlyIssuableShares_c20221101__20231031__us-gaap--AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareByAntidilutiveSecuritiesAxis__us-gaap--RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember_zWelJdDNoGza" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right" title="Restricted stock units and share"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0714">-</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_98F_eus-gaap--IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToContingentlyIssuableShares_c20211101__20221031__us-gaap--AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareByAntidilutiveSecuritiesAxis__us-gaap--RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember_fKDUp_zXiv7Yb4DoDc" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right" title="Restricted stock units and share">1,400,000</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><sup>(5)</sup></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt">Total potentially dilutive securities</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount_c20221101__20231031_zfIeGWGUkUpc" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Total potentially dilutive securities">396,247</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount_c20211101__20221031_zxmFPjOsVhll" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Total potentially dilutive securities">4,486,964</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> </table> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><sup id="xdx_F0D_zo52XNNp8nud">(1)</sup></span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span id="xdx_F18_z4KTMV4fJ0G4" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Balance includes warrants issued per the January 2022 Securities Purchase Agreement (“January 2022 SPA”) with GPL Ventures, LLC (“GPL”), which are exercisable into up to <span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNDSEVEVUxFIE9GIFdFSUdIVEVEIEFWRVJBR0UgQ09NTU9OIFNIQVJFUyBPVVRTVEFORElORyBBTlRJLURJTFVUSVZFIChEZXRhaWxzKSAoUGFyZW50aGV0aWNhbCkA" id="xdx_909_ecustom--NumberOfSharesOfCommonStockExercisablePercentage_dp_uPure_c20221101__20231031__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--SecuritiesPurchaseAgreementMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--GPLVenturesLLCMember_zbmwkPIxNCFc" title="Number of shares of common stock exercisable percentage">50</span>% of the number of shares of common stock issued upon full conversion of the Notes, with an exercise price equal to the conversion price. </span></td></tr> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><sup id="xdx_F04_zoX3cT37Tppa">(2)</sup></span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span id="xdx_F14_z7d0gMmM8Hed" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Upon IPO, the debt will convert into a variable number of shares; the number of conversion shares is equal to the outstanding principal amount divided by the conversion price, which is equal to the lesser of a) the IPO price or b) the opening price of the common stock on the first trading day after the IPO multiplied by the discount of <span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNDSEVEVUxFIE9GIFdFSUdIVEVEIEFWRVJBR0UgQ09NTU9OIFNIQVJFUyBPVVRTVEFORElORyBBTlRJLURJTFVUSVZFIChEZXRhaWxzKSAoUGFyZW50aGV0aWNhbCkA" id="xdx_907_ecustom--WarrantSharesOfOutstandingPercentage_dp_uPure_c20221101__20231031__us-gaap--SubsidiarySaleOfStockAxis__us-gaap--IPOMember_z9cu2mfBUUg" title="Warrant shares of outstanding percentage">50</span>%. </span></td></tr> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><sup id="xdx_F08_zwgsYYvgXj7j">(3)</sup></span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span id="xdx_F10_ztC7XNL0l5U6" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The number of commitment shares to be issued is a variable number of shares for a fixed total dollar amount of $<span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNDSEVEVUxFIE9GIFdFSUdIVEVEIEFWRVJBR0UgQ09NTU9OIFNIQVJFUyBPVVRTVEFORElORyBBTlRJLURJTFVUSVZFIChEZXRhaWxzKSAoUGFyZW50aGV0aWNhbCkA" id="xdx_901_ecustom--CommitmentValue_iI_c20231031__us-gaap--SubsidiarySaleOfStockAxis__us-gaap--IPOMember_zmF8xH0MflH1" title="Commitment value">1,125,000</span>, which is <span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNDSEVEVUxFIE9GIFdFSUdIVEVEIEFWRVJBR0UgQ09NTU9OIFNIQVJFUyBPVVRTVEFORElORyBBTlRJLURJTFVUSVZFIChEZXRhaWxzKSAoUGFyZW50aGV0aWNhbCkA" id="xdx_904_ecustom--CommitmentSharesIssuedPercentage_dp_uPure_c20221101__20231031__us-gaap--SubsidiarySaleOfStockAxis__us-gaap--IPOMember_zMtmOcOcUcj8" title="Commitment shares issued percentage">25</span>% of the aggregate Notes principal balance divided by the offering price of the IPO. </span></td></tr> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><sup id="xdx_F00_z1NHBnHusPXe">(4)</sup></span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span id="xdx_F1D_zQW9MYdjYKZ6" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Balance consists of potentially dilutive shares based on <span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNDSEVEVUxFIE9GIFdFSUdIVEVEIEFWRVJBR0UgQ09NTU9OIFNIQVJFUyBPVVRTVEFORElORyBBTlRJLURJTFVUSVZFIChEZXRhaWxzKSAoUGFyZW50aGV0aWNhbCkA" id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--WeightedAverageNumberDilutedSharesOutstandingAdjustment_c20221101__20231031_zzmL7hRRt6nk" title="Dilutive shares outstanding">1,766,702</span> outstanding, equity classified warrants.</span></td></tr> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><sup id="xdx_F02_zkOkkdqr1RX1">(5)</sup></span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span id="xdx_F17_zBRLAKrZD73" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Balance consists of restricted stock units granted to five outside directors and restricted shares issued to executives.</span></td></tr> </table> <p id="xdx_8A4_zFhroes4bUH9" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p id="xdx_842_eus-gaap--EnvironmentalCostExpensePolicy_z5MJU92FvXbl" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i><span id="xdx_86A_zPaOR56yu1Te">Environmental Expenditures</span></i></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The operations of the Company have been, and may in the future be, affected from time to time to varying degree by changes in environmental regulations, including those for future reclamation and site restoration costs. Both the likelihood of new regulations and their overall effect upon the Company vary greatly and are not predictable. The Company’s policy is to meet or, if possible, surpass standards set by relevant legislation by application of technically proven and economically feasible measures.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Environmental expenditures that relate to ongoing environmental and reclamation programs are charged against earnings as incurred or capitalized and amortized depending on their future economic benefits. All of these types of expenditures incurred since inception have been charged against earnings due to the uncertainty of their future recoverability. Estimated future reclamation and site restoration costs, when the ultimate liability is reasonably determinable, are charged against earnings over the estimated remaining life of the related business operation, net of expected recoveries.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p id="xdx_847_eus-gaap--NewAccountingPronouncementsPolicyPolicyTextBlock_zAjfilMi8m93" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i><span id="xdx_86A_zOKwDPCnzb5j">Recent Accounting Pronouncements</span></i></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">All recently issued but not yet effective accounting pronouncements have been deemed to be not applicable or immaterial to the Company.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p id="xdx_84D_eus-gaap--PriorPeriodReclassificationAdjustmentDescription_zLfreJaD2K2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i><span id="xdx_860_zu1hfQPSZQ2">Reclassification of Expenses</span></i></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i> </i></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Certain amounts in the prior periods presented have been reclassified to the current period financial statement presentation. This reclassification has no effect on previously reported net income.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i> </i></span></p> <p id="xdx_849_eus-gaap--SubsequentEventsPolicyPolicyTextBlock_zkAgTt0lseu9" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i><span id="xdx_86C_zUOJpVN2PqHe">Subsequent Events</span></i></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The Company evaluated all events and transactions that occurred after October 31, 2023 through the date of the filing of this report. See Note 11 for such events and transactions.</span></p> <p id="xdx_85C_zof4WsBet12a" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p id="xdx_849_eus-gaap--BasisOfAccountingPolicyPolicyTextBlock_zbe6dMHB23qa" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i><span id="xdx_86C_zWEq5dd4X2P6">Basis of Presentation</span></i></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The accompanying financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“US GAAP”).</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p id="xdx_842_eus-gaap--UseOfEstimates_zVhWripfbpeb" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i><span id="xdx_86D_zHpyOYpWzRPl">Use of Estimates</span></i></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The preparation of financial statements in accordance with US GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, equity-based transaction and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the revenue and expenses during the reporting period.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Making estimates requires management to exercise significant judgment. It is at least reasonably possible that the estimate of the effect of a condition, situation or set of circumstances that existed at the date of the financial statement, which management considered in formulating its estimate, could change in the near term due to one or more future confirming events. Some of the more significant estimates required to be made by management include estimates of oil and natural gas reserves (when and if assigned) and related present value estimates of future net cash flows therefrom, the carrying value of oil and natural gas properties, accounts receivable, bad debt expense, ARO and the valuation of equity-based transactions. Accordingly, actual results could differ significantly from those estimates.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p id="xdx_845_eus-gaap--CashAndCashEquivalentsPolicyTextBlock_zSJdA3GxpsYb" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i><span id="xdx_861_zraybxBHnWS1">Cash and cash equivalents</span></i></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The Company considers all short-term investments with an original maturity of three months or less when purchased to be cash equivalents. The Company had <span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--CashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue_iI_do_c20231031_zdwUOUeWSHhi" title="Cash equivalents"><span id="xdx_903_eus-gaap--CashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue_iI_do_c20221031_zDiNG69JD95i" title="Cash equivalents">no</span></span> cash equivalents as of October 31, 2023 and 2022.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> 0 0 <p id="xdx_84E_ecustom--PrepaidExpensesPolicyTextBlock_zeIXsKtEEkoj" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i><span id="xdx_863_zgOPpL7ZQQ29">Prepaid Expenses</span></i></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Prepaid expenses consist primarily of prepaid services which will be expensed as the services are provided within twelve months. As of October 31, 2023 and 2022, the balances of the prepaids account were $<span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--PrepaidExpenseCurrent_iI_c20231031_z4qwtnkobiCd" title="Prepaid expense, current">133,417</span> and $<span id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--PrepaidExpenseCurrent_iI_c20221031_z1PLYU8KJbkh" title="Prepaid expense, current">35,000</span>, respectively.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> 133417 35000 <p id="xdx_842_eus-gaap--DeferredChargesPolicyTextBlock_zc4rhIcFtHll" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i><span id="xdx_861_zy4YfDI8DrY1">Deferred Offering Costs</span></i></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Deferred offering costs consist of professional fees, filing, regulatory and other costs incurred through the balance sheet date that are directly related to the planned IPO (see Note 4). As of October 31, 2023 and 2022, offering costs in the aggregate of $<span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--DeferredOfferingCosts_iI_dxL_c20231031_zeuRiwf7kUH6" title="Deferred offering costs::XDX::-"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0642">0</span></span> and $<span id="xdx_901_eus-gaap--DeferredOfferingCosts_iI_c20221031_zV0UmVNAoLUh" title="Deferred offering costs">1,643,881</span>, respectively, were deferred.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> 1643881 <p id="xdx_84B_eus-gaap--DebtPolicyTextBlock_zo5suFVdxyKa" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i><span id="xdx_862_z0aAcFr9dMbc">Debt Issuance Costs</span></i></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Costs incurred in connection with the issuance of the Company’s debt have been recorded as a direct reduction against the debt and amortized over the life of the associated debt as a component of interest expense. As of October 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company recorded $<span id="xdx_907_eus-gaap--DeferredFinanceCostsGross_iI_c20231031_zuvd2hYCdKT5" title="Debt issuance costs, gross">350,320</span> and $<span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--DeferredFinanceCostsGross_iI_c20221031_z75BZpvhTMF6" title="Debt issuance costs, gross">575,438</span> in debt issuance costs.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> 350320 575438 <p id="xdx_846_eus-gaap--OilAndGasPropertiesPolicyPolicyTextBlock_znBUWHXZRYhc" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i><span id="xdx_863_zIQmUH1wVOtc">Oil and Gas Assets and Exploration Costs - Successful Efforts</span></i></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The Company’s projects are in early development and/or exploration stages and it has not yet realized any revenues from its operations. It applies the successful efforts method of accounting for crude oil and natural gas properties. Under this method, exploration costs such as exploratory, geological, and geophysical costs, delay rentals and exploratory overhead are expensed as incurred. If an exploratory property provides evidence to justify potential development of reserves, drilling costs associated with the property are initially capitalized, or suspended, pending a determination as to whether a commercially sufficient quantity of proved reserves can be attributed to the area as a result of drilling. At the end of each quarter, management reviews the status of all suspended exploratory property costs considering ongoing exploration activities; in particular, whether the Company is making sufficient progress in its ongoing exploration and appraisal efforts. If management determines that future appraisal drilling or development activities are unlikely to occur, associated exploratory well costs are expensed.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Costs to acquire mineral interests in crude oil and/or natural gas properties, drill and equip exploratory wells that find proved reserves and drill and equip development wells are capitalized. Acquisition costs of unproved leaseholds are assessed for impairment during the holding period and transferred to proven crude oil and/or natural gas properties to the extent associated with successful exploration activities. Significant undeveloped leases are assessed individually for impairment, based on the Company’s current exploration plans, and a valuation allowance is provided if impairment is indicated. Capitalized costs from successful exploration and development activities associated with producing crude oil and/or natural gas leases, along with capitalized costs for support equipment and facilities, are amortized to expense using the unit-of-production method based on proved crude oil and/or natural gas reserves on a field-by-field basis, as estimated by qualified petroleum engineers. As of October 31, 2023 and 2022, all of the Company’s oil and gas properties were classified as unproved properties and were not subject to depreciation, depletion and amortization.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"> </p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p id="xdx_84C_ecustom--UnprovedOilAndNaturalGasPropertiesPolicyTextBlock_zHZBnxLKQqNe" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i><span id="xdx_86D_zE5IJaTlt4P8">Unproved oil and natural gas properties</span></i></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Unproved oil and natural gas properties consist of costs incurred to acquire unproved leases. Unproved lease acquisition costs are capitalized until the lease expires or when the Company specifically identifies a lease that will revert to the lessor, at which time it charges the associated unproved lease acquisition costs to exploration costs.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Unproved oil and natural gas properties are not subject to amortization and are assessed periodically for impairment on a property-by-property basis based on remaining lease terms, drilling results or future plans to develop acreage. All of the Company’s natural gas properties were classified as unproved as of October 31, 2023 and 2022; see further discussion in Note 5.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p id="xdx_84B_eus-gaap--ImpairmentOrDisposalOfLongLivedAssetsPolicyTextBlock_zTmhTl0nQ6f3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i><span id="xdx_86A_zIG1AjrYZzDh">Impairment of Other Long-lived Assets</span></i></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The Company reviews the carrying value of its long-lived assets annually or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the historical cost-carrying value of an asset may no longer be appropriate. The Company assesses the recoverability of the carrying value of the asset by estimating the future net undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the asset, including eventual disposition. If the future net undiscounted cash flows are less than the carrying value of the asset, an impairment loss is recorded equal to the difference between the asset’s carrying value and estimated fair value. With regards to oil and gas properties, this assessment applies to proved properties<i>.</i></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">As of October 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company had <span id="xdx_901_eus-gaap--OtherIndefiniteLivedIntangibleAssets_iI_do_c20231031_zZJ92nq78As4" title="Impairment of long-lived assets"><span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--OtherIndefiniteLivedIntangibleAssets_iI_do_c20221031_zVxuueH2dI97" title="Impairment of long-lived assets">no</span></span> impairment of long-lived assets.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> 0 0 <p id="xdx_840_eus-gaap--AssetRetirementObligationsPolicy_zSiljY9NVcK6" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i><span id="xdx_865_zSuoDkki8cbl">Asset Retirement Obligations</span></i></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">ARO consists of future plugging and abandonment expenses on oil and natural gas properties. In connection with the South Salinas Project acquisition described above, the Company acquired the plugging and abandonment liabilities associated with six non-producing wells. The fair value of the ARO was recorded as a liability in the period in which the wells were acquired with a corresponding increase in the carrying amount of oil and natural gas properties not subject to impairment. The Company plans to utilize the six wellbores acquired in the South Salinas Project acquisition in future exploration activities. The liability is accreted for the change in its present value each period based on the expected dates that the wellbores will be required to be plugged and abandoned. The capitalized cost of ARO is included in oil and gas properties and is a component of oil and gas property costs for purposes of impairment and, if proved reserves are found, such capitalized costs will be depreciated using the units-of-production method. The asset and liability are adjusted for changes resulting from revisions to the timing or the amount of the original estimate when deemed necessary. If the liability is settled for an amount other than the recorded amount, a gain or loss is recognized.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p id="xdx_891_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfAssetRetirementObligationsTableTextBlock_zTm4zUph4Sca" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Components of the changes in ARO for the years ended October 31, 2022 and 2023 are shown below:</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span><span id="xdx_8BF_zqwVNmDEfkEd" style="display: none">SCHEDULE OF COMPONENTS OF CHANGES IN ARO</span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%"> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="width: 80%">ARO, ending balance - October 31, 2021</td><td style="width: 2%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_983_eus-gaap--AssetRetirementObligation_iS_c20211101__20221031_zhIGguoD1kDc" style="width: 16%; text-align: right" title="ARO, ending balance">45,535</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Accretion expense</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_981_eus-gaap--AccretionExpense_c20211101__20221031_zXgf931TE3Il" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right" title="Accretion expense">2,778</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td>ARO, ending balance - October 31, 2022</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_98F_eus-gaap--AssetRetirementObligation_iS_c20221101__20231031_zjOKYXSbp5b9" style="text-align: right" title="ARO, ending balance">48,313</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Accretion expense</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_983_eus-gaap--AccretionExpense_c20221101__20231031_zvzkcqREMgH2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right" title="Accretion expense">2,778</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td>ARO, ending balance - October 31, 2023</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--AssetRetirementObligation_iE_c20221101__20231031_z6OhGwbDjKz5" style="text-align: right" title="ARO, ending balance">51,091</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="padding-left: 0pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Less: ARO - current</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_985_eus-gaap--AssetRetirementObligationCurrent_iI_c20231031_zStxOeYe6Akb" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right" title="Less: ARO - current">2,778</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="padding-left: 10pt; padding-bottom: 2.5pt">ARO, net of current portion - October 31, 2023</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_984_eus-gaap--AssetRetirementObligationsNoncurrent_iI_c20231031_z5xKttCAOEL5" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="ARO, net of current portion">48,313</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> </table> <p id="xdx_8A6_ztwcnOALSX6k" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p id="xdx_891_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfAssetRetirementObligationsTableTextBlock_zTm4zUph4Sca" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Components of the changes in ARO for the years ended October 31, 2022 and 2023 are shown below:</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span><span id="xdx_8BF_zqwVNmDEfkEd" style="display: none">SCHEDULE OF COMPONENTS OF CHANGES IN ARO</span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%"> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="width: 80%">ARO, ending balance - October 31, 2021</td><td style="width: 2%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_983_eus-gaap--AssetRetirementObligation_iS_c20211101__20221031_zhIGguoD1kDc" style="width: 16%; text-align: right" title="ARO, ending balance">45,535</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Accretion expense</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_981_eus-gaap--AccretionExpense_c20211101__20221031_zXgf931TE3Il" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right" title="Accretion expense">2,778</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td>ARO, ending balance - October 31, 2022</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_98F_eus-gaap--AssetRetirementObligation_iS_c20221101__20231031_zjOKYXSbp5b9" style="text-align: right" title="ARO, ending balance">48,313</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Accretion expense</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_983_eus-gaap--AccretionExpense_c20221101__20231031_zvzkcqREMgH2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right" title="Accretion expense">2,778</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td>ARO, ending balance - October 31, 2023</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--AssetRetirementObligation_iE_c20221101__20231031_z6OhGwbDjKz5" style="text-align: right" title="ARO, ending balance">51,091</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="padding-left: 0pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Less: ARO - current</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_985_eus-gaap--AssetRetirementObligationCurrent_iI_c20231031_zStxOeYe6Akb" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right" title="Less: ARO - current">2,778</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="padding-left: 10pt; padding-bottom: 2.5pt">ARO, net of current portion - October 31, 2023</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_984_eus-gaap--AssetRetirementObligationsNoncurrent_iI_c20231031_z5xKttCAOEL5" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="ARO, net of current portion">48,313</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> </table> 45535 2778 48313 2778 51091 2778 48313 <p id="xdx_840_ecustom--RelatedPartiesPolicyTextBlock_zxXmuH8veTU7" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i><span id="xdx_868_zIvqhPK2JXuf">Related Parties</span></i></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Related parties are directly or indirectly related to the Company, through one or more intermediaries and are in control, controlled by, or under common control with the Company. Related parties also include principal owners of the Company, its management, members of the immediate families of principal owners of the Company and its management and other parties with which the Company may deal if one party controls or can significantly influence the management or operating policies of the other to an extent that one of the transacting parties might be prevented from fully pursuing its own separate interests. The Company discloses all related party transactions. On September 14, 2021, the Company acquired an <span id="xdx_907_eus-gaap--BusinessAcquisitionPercentageOfVotingInterestsAcquired_iI_dp_uPure_c20210914__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--TrioLLCMember__us-gaap--BusinessAcquisitionAxis__custom--SouthSalinasProjectMember_z0SMVN135VI5" title="Business acquisition percentage.">82.75</span>% working interest (which was subsequently increased to an <span id="xdx_905_eus-gaap--BusinessAcquisitionPercentageOfVotingInterestsAcquired_iI_dp_uPure_c20230430__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--TrioLLCMember__us-gaap--BusinessAcquisitionAxis__custom--SouthSalinasProjectMember_z8KVbp8aTxd1" title="Business acquisition percentage.">85.75</span>% working interest as of April 2023) in the South Salinas Project from Trio LLC in exchange for cash, a note payable to Trio LLC and the issuance of <span id="xdx_90E_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues_pn5n6_c20210913__20210914__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--TrioLLCMember_zJZh0IUgkTvd" title="Issuance of share">4.9</span> million shares of common stock. As of the date of the acquisition, Trio LLC owned <span id="xdx_90C_ecustom--BusinessAcquisitionOfOutstandingSharesPercentage_iI_dp_uPure_c20210914__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--TrioLLCMember_zjSuQV8dTyrd" title="Business acquisition percentage.">45</span>% of the outstanding shares of the Company and was considered a related party. As of October 31, 2023 and 2022, Trio LLC owned less than <span id="xdx_90E_ecustom--BusinessAcquisitionOfOutstandingSharesPercentage_iI_dp_uPure_c20231031__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--TrioLLCMember_zVLOCeeddcH8" title="Business acquisition percentage.">1</span>% and <span id="xdx_90F_ecustom--BusinessAcquisitionOfOutstandingSharesPercentage_iI_dp_uPure_c20221031__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--TrioLLCMember_zPl3VJTdTrW6" title="Business acquisition percentage.">29</span>%, respectively, of the outstanding shares of the Company.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> 0.8275 0.8575 4900000 0.45 0.01 0.29 <p id="xdx_840_eus-gaap--IncomeTaxPolicyTextBlock_zjg9AUXl4b6i" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i><span id="xdx_866_zTsTxZmRsnr4">Income Taxes</span></i></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. Deferred tax assets, including tax loss and credit carry forwards, and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The Company utilizes ASC 740, <i>Income Taxes</i>, which requires the recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been included in the financial statements or tax returns. The Company accounts for income taxes using the asset and liability method to compute the differences between the tax basis of assets and liabilities and the related financial amounts, using currently enacted tax rates. A valuation allowance is recorded when it is “more likely than not” that a deferred tax asset will not be realized. At October 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company’s net deferred tax asset has been fully reserved.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">For uncertain tax positions that meet a “more likely than not” threshold, the Company recognizes the benefit of uncertain tax positions in the financial statements. The Company’s practice is to recognize interest and penalties, if any, related to uncertain tax positions in income tax expense in the statements of operations when a determination is made that such expense is likely. The Company is subject to income tax examinations by major taxing authorities since inception.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p id="xdx_840_eus-gaap--FairValueMeasurementPolicyPolicyTextBlock_zhuoN7Itjyt5" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i><span id="xdx_863_zHYr3qhmSSZ3">Fair Value Measurements</span></i></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The carrying values of financial instruments comprising cash and cash equivalents, payables, and notes payable-related party approximate fair values due to the short-term maturities of these instruments. The notes payable- related party is considered a level 3 measurement. As defined in ASC 820, <i>Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures</i>, fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date (exit price). The Company utilizes market data or assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability, including assumptions about risk and the risks inherent in the inputs to the valuation technique. These inputs can be readily observable, market corroborated, or generally unobservable. ASC 820 establishes a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs used to measure fair value. The hierarchy gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1 measurement) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3 measurement). This fair value measurement framework applies to both initial and subsequent measurement.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Level 1:</span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Quoted prices are available in active markets for identical assets or liabilities as of the reporting date. </span></td></tr> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td></tr> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Level 2:</span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Pricing inputs are other than quoted prices in active markets included in Level 1, which are either directly or indirectly observable as of the reported date. Level 2 includes those financial instruments that are valued using models or other valuation methodologies. </span></td></tr> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td></tr> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Level 3:</span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Pricing inputs include significant inputs that are generally less observable from objective sources. These inputs may be used with internally developed methodologies that result in management’s best estimate of fair value. The significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement for nonrecurring fair value measurements of long-lived assets include pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies and similar techniques.</span></td></tr> </table> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">There are no assets or liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis. Assets and liabilities accounted for at fair value on a non-recurring basis in accordance with the fair value hierarchy include the initial allocation of the asset acquisition purchase price, including asset retirement obligations, the fair value of oil and natural gas properties and the assessment of impairment.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The fair value measurements and allocation of assets acquired are measured on a nonrecurring basis on the acquisition date using an income valuation technique based on inputs that are not observable in the market and therefore represent Level 3 inputs. Significant inputs used to determine the fair value include estimates of: (i) reserves; (ii) future commodity prices; (iii) operating and development costs; and (iv) a market-based weighted average cost of capital rate. The underlying commodity prices embedded in the Company’s estimated cash flows are the product of a process that begins with NYMEX forward curve pricing, adjusted for estimated location and quality differentials, as well as other factors that the Company’s management believes will impact realizable prices. These inputs require significant judgments and estimates by the Company’s management at the time of the valuation.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The fair value of additions to the asset retirement obligation liabilities is measured using valuation techniques consistent with the income approach, which converts future cash flows to a single discounted amount. Significant inputs to the valuation include: (i) estimated plug and abandonment cost per well for all oil and natural gas wells and for all disposal wells; (ii) estimated remaining life per well; (iii) future inflation factors; and (iv) the Company’s average credit-adjusted risk-free rate. These assumptions represent Level 3 inputs.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">If the carrying amount of its proved oil and natural gas properties, which are assessed for impairment under ASC 360 - <i>Property, Plant and Equipment,</i> exceeds the estimated undiscounted future cash flows, the Company will adjust the carrying amount of the oil and natural gas properties to fair value. The fair value of its oil and natural gas properties is determined using valuation techniques consistent with the income and market approach. The factors used to determine fair value are subject to management’s judgment and expertise and include, but are not limited to, recent sales prices of comparable properties, the present value of future cash flows, net of estimated operating and development costs using estimates of proved reserves, future commodity pricing, future production estimates, anticipated capital expenditures, and various discount rates commensurate with the risk and current market conditions associated with the expected cash flow projected. These assumptions represent Level 3 inputs.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p id="xdx_847_eus-gaap--EarningsPerSharePolicyTextBlock_zbvpzmCAfPI" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i><span id="xdx_869_z8U8kdK9GoV6">Net Loss Per Share</span></i></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Basic and diluted net loss per share is computed by dividing net loss by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the reporting period. Diluted earnings per share is computed similar to basic loss per share, except the weighted average number of common shares outstanding are increased to include additional shares from the assumed exercise of share options, warrants and convertible notes, if dilutive.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p id="xdx_891_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfEarningsPerShareBasicAndDilutedTableTextBlock_zT7vdWuwBjHh" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The following common share equivalents are excluded from the calculation of weighted average common shares outstanding, because their inclusion would have been anti-dilutive (see Note 10):</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span><span id="xdx_8B3_zHkpQPYiSCgl" style="display: none">SCHEDULE OF WEIGHTED AVERAGE COMMON SHARES OUTSTANDING ANTI-DILUTIVE</span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%"> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>As of October 31,</b></span></p></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>As of October 31,</b></span></p></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">2023</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">2022</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="width: 60%; text-align: left">Warrants (Note 9, Note 10)</td><td style="width: 2%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_987_eus-gaap--IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToCallOptionsAndWarrants_c20221101__20231031__us-gaap--AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareByAntidilutiveSecuritiesAxis__us-gaap--WarrantMember_fKDQp_zcJrHSorQ39h" style="width: 16%; text-align: right" title="Warrents">396,247</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><sup>(4)</sup></td><td style="width: 2%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_986_eus-gaap--IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToCallOptionsAndWarrants_c20211101__20221031__us-gaap--AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareByAntidilutiveSecuritiesAxis__us-gaap--WarrantMember_fKDEp_zmsLmpM1f0I6" style="width: 16%; text-align: right" title="Warrents">693,107</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><sup>(1)</sup></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: left">Convertible Notes (Note 9, Note 10)</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_988_eus-gaap--IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToConversionOfDebtSecurities_c20221101__20231031__us-gaap--AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareByAntidilutiveSecuritiesAxis__custom--ConvertibleNotesMember_zASrC1nlv249" style="text-align: right" title="Convertible Notes"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0706">-</span></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_981_eus-gaap--IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToConversionOfDebtSecurities_c20211101__20221031__us-gaap--AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareByAntidilutiveSecuritiesAxis__custom--ConvertibleNotesMember_fKDIp_zPZDgbMgKVGd" style="text-align: right" title="Convertible Notes">2,772,429</td><td style="text-align: left"><sup>(2)</sup></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td>Commitment Shares (Note 9, Note 10)</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_984_eus-gaap--IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToContingentlyIssuableShares_c20221101__20231031__us-gaap--AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareByAntidilutiveSecuritiesAxis__custom--CommitmentSharesMember_zrx21xXer5z5" style="text-align: right" title="Commitment Shares"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0710">-</span></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_98F_eus-gaap--IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToContingentlyIssuableShares_c20211101__20221031__us-gaap--AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareByAntidilutiveSecuritiesAxis__custom--CommitmentSharesMember_fKDMp_z0AtJtfyNxGa" style="text-align: right" title="Commitment Shares">321,428</td><td style="text-align: left"><sup>(3)</sup></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Restricted stock units and shares (Note 6, Note 10)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_981_eus-gaap--IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToContingentlyIssuableShares_c20221101__20231031__us-gaap--AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareByAntidilutiveSecuritiesAxis__us-gaap--RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember_zWelJdDNoGza" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right" title="Restricted stock units and share"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0714">-</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_98F_eus-gaap--IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToContingentlyIssuableShares_c20211101__20221031__us-gaap--AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareByAntidilutiveSecuritiesAxis__us-gaap--RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember_fKDUp_zXiv7Yb4DoDc" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right" title="Restricted stock units and share">1,400,000</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><sup>(5)</sup></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt">Total potentially dilutive securities</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount_c20221101__20231031_zfIeGWGUkUpc" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Total potentially dilutive securities">396,247</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount_c20211101__20221031_zxmFPjOsVhll" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Total potentially dilutive securities">4,486,964</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> </table> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><sup id="xdx_F0D_zo52XNNp8nud">(1)</sup></span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span id="xdx_F18_z4KTMV4fJ0G4" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Balance includes warrants issued per the January 2022 Securities Purchase Agreement (“January 2022 SPA”) with GPL Ventures, LLC (“GPL”), which are exercisable into up to <span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNDSEVEVUxFIE9GIFdFSUdIVEVEIEFWRVJBR0UgQ09NTU9OIFNIQVJFUyBPVVRTVEFORElORyBBTlRJLURJTFVUSVZFIChEZXRhaWxzKSAoUGFyZW50aGV0aWNhbCkA" id="xdx_909_ecustom--NumberOfSharesOfCommonStockExercisablePercentage_dp_uPure_c20221101__20231031__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--SecuritiesPurchaseAgreementMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--GPLVenturesLLCMember_zbmwkPIxNCFc" title="Number of shares of common stock exercisable percentage">50</span>% of the number of shares of common stock issued upon full conversion of the Notes, with an exercise price equal to the conversion price. </span></td></tr> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><sup id="xdx_F04_zoX3cT37Tppa">(2)</sup></span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span id="xdx_F14_z7d0gMmM8Hed" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Upon IPO, the debt will convert into a variable number of shares; the number of conversion shares is equal to the outstanding principal amount divided by the conversion price, which is equal to the lesser of a) the IPO price or b) the opening price of the common stock on the first trading day after the IPO multiplied by the discount of <span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNDSEVEVUxFIE9GIFdFSUdIVEVEIEFWRVJBR0UgQ09NTU9OIFNIQVJFUyBPVVRTVEFORElORyBBTlRJLURJTFVUSVZFIChEZXRhaWxzKSAoUGFyZW50aGV0aWNhbCkA" id="xdx_907_ecustom--WarrantSharesOfOutstandingPercentage_dp_uPure_c20221101__20231031__us-gaap--SubsidiarySaleOfStockAxis__us-gaap--IPOMember_z9cu2mfBUUg" title="Warrant shares of outstanding percentage">50</span>%. </span></td></tr> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><sup id="xdx_F08_zwgsYYvgXj7j">(3)</sup></span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span id="xdx_F10_ztC7XNL0l5U6" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The number of commitment shares to be issued is a variable number of shares for a fixed total dollar amount of $<span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNDSEVEVUxFIE9GIFdFSUdIVEVEIEFWRVJBR0UgQ09NTU9OIFNIQVJFUyBPVVRTVEFORElORyBBTlRJLURJTFVUSVZFIChEZXRhaWxzKSAoUGFyZW50aGV0aWNhbCkA" id="xdx_901_ecustom--CommitmentValue_iI_c20231031__us-gaap--SubsidiarySaleOfStockAxis__us-gaap--IPOMember_zmF8xH0MflH1" title="Commitment value">1,125,000</span>, which is <span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNDSEVEVUxFIE9GIFdFSUdIVEVEIEFWRVJBR0UgQ09NTU9OIFNIQVJFUyBPVVRTVEFORElORyBBTlRJLURJTFVUSVZFIChEZXRhaWxzKSAoUGFyZW50aGV0aWNhbCkA" id="xdx_904_ecustom--CommitmentSharesIssuedPercentage_dp_uPure_c20221101__20231031__us-gaap--SubsidiarySaleOfStockAxis__us-gaap--IPOMember_zMtmOcOcUcj8" title="Commitment shares issued percentage">25</span>% of the aggregate Notes principal balance divided by the offering price of the IPO. </span></td></tr> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><sup id="xdx_F00_z1NHBnHusPXe">(4)</sup></span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span id="xdx_F1D_zQW9MYdjYKZ6" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Balance consists of potentially dilutive shares based on <span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNDSEVEVUxFIE9GIFdFSUdIVEVEIEFWRVJBR0UgQ09NTU9OIFNIQVJFUyBPVVRTVEFORElORyBBTlRJLURJTFVUSVZFIChEZXRhaWxzKSAoUGFyZW50aGV0aWNhbCkA" id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--WeightedAverageNumberDilutedSharesOutstandingAdjustment_c20221101__20231031_zzmL7hRRt6nk" title="Dilutive shares outstanding">1,766,702</span> outstanding, equity classified warrants.</span></td></tr> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><sup id="xdx_F02_zkOkkdqr1RX1">(5)</sup></span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span id="xdx_F17_zBRLAKrZD73" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Balance consists of restricted stock units granted to five outside directors and restricted shares issued to executives.</span></td></tr> </table> <p id="xdx_8A4_zFhroes4bUH9" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p id="xdx_891_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfEarningsPerShareBasicAndDilutedTableTextBlock_zT7vdWuwBjHh" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The following common share equivalents are excluded from the calculation of weighted average common shares outstanding, because their inclusion would have been anti-dilutive (see Note 10):</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span><span id="xdx_8B3_zHkpQPYiSCgl" style="display: none">SCHEDULE OF WEIGHTED AVERAGE COMMON SHARES OUTSTANDING ANTI-DILUTIVE</span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%"> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>As of October 31,</b></span></p></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>As of October 31,</b></span></p></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">2023</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">2022</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="width: 60%; text-align: left">Warrants (Note 9, Note 10)</td><td style="width: 2%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_987_eus-gaap--IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToCallOptionsAndWarrants_c20221101__20231031__us-gaap--AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareByAntidilutiveSecuritiesAxis__us-gaap--WarrantMember_fKDQp_zcJrHSorQ39h" style="width: 16%; text-align: right" title="Warrents">396,247</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><sup>(4)</sup></td><td style="width: 2%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_986_eus-gaap--IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToCallOptionsAndWarrants_c20211101__20221031__us-gaap--AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareByAntidilutiveSecuritiesAxis__us-gaap--WarrantMember_fKDEp_zmsLmpM1f0I6" style="width: 16%; text-align: right" title="Warrents">693,107</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><sup>(1)</sup></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: left">Convertible Notes (Note 9, Note 10)</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_988_eus-gaap--IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToConversionOfDebtSecurities_c20221101__20231031__us-gaap--AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareByAntidilutiveSecuritiesAxis__custom--ConvertibleNotesMember_zASrC1nlv249" style="text-align: right" title="Convertible Notes"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0706">-</span></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_981_eus-gaap--IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToConversionOfDebtSecurities_c20211101__20221031__us-gaap--AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareByAntidilutiveSecuritiesAxis__custom--ConvertibleNotesMember_fKDIp_zPZDgbMgKVGd" style="text-align: right" title="Convertible Notes">2,772,429</td><td style="text-align: left"><sup>(2)</sup></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td>Commitment Shares (Note 9, Note 10)</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_984_eus-gaap--IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToContingentlyIssuableShares_c20221101__20231031__us-gaap--AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareByAntidilutiveSecuritiesAxis__custom--CommitmentSharesMember_zrx21xXer5z5" style="text-align: right" title="Commitment Shares"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0710">-</span></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_98F_eus-gaap--IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToContingentlyIssuableShares_c20211101__20221031__us-gaap--AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareByAntidilutiveSecuritiesAxis__custom--CommitmentSharesMember_fKDMp_z0AtJtfyNxGa" style="text-align: right" title="Commitment Shares">321,428</td><td style="text-align: left"><sup>(3)</sup></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Restricted stock units and shares (Note 6, Note 10)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_981_eus-gaap--IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToContingentlyIssuableShares_c20221101__20231031__us-gaap--AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareByAntidilutiveSecuritiesAxis__us-gaap--RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember_zWelJdDNoGza" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right" title="Restricted stock units and share"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0714">-</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_98F_eus-gaap--IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToContingentlyIssuableShares_c20211101__20221031__us-gaap--AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareByAntidilutiveSecuritiesAxis__us-gaap--RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember_fKDUp_zXiv7Yb4DoDc" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right" title="Restricted stock units and share">1,400,000</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><sup>(5)</sup></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt">Total potentially dilutive securities</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount_c20221101__20231031_zfIeGWGUkUpc" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Total potentially dilutive securities">396,247</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount_c20211101__20221031_zxmFPjOsVhll" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Total potentially dilutive securities">4,486,964</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> </table> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><sup id="xdx_F0D_zo52XNNp8nud">(1)</sup></span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span id="xdx_F18_z4KTMV4fJ0G4" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Balance includes warrants issued per the January 2022 Securities Purchase Agreement (“January 2022 SPA”) with GPL Ventures, LLC (“GPL”), which are exercisable into up to <span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNDSEVEVUxFIE9GIFdFSUdIVEVEIEFWRVJBR0UgQ09NTU9OIFNIQVJFUyBPVVRTVEFORElORyBBTlRJLURJTFVUSVZFIChEZXRhaWxzKSAoUGFyZW50aGV0aWNhbCkA" id="xdx_909_ecustom--NumberOfSharesOfCommonStockExercisablePercentage_dp_uPure_c20221101__20231031__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--SecuritiesPurchaseAgreementMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--GPLVenturesLLCMember_zbmwkPIxNCFc" title="Number of shares of common stock exercisable percentage">50</span>% of the number of shares of common stock issued upon full conversion of the Notes, with an exercise price equal to the conversion price. </span></td></tr> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><sup id="xdx_F04_zoX3cT37Tppa">(2)</sup></span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span id="xdx_F14_z7d0gMmM8Hed" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Upon IPO, the debt will convert into a variable number of shares; the number of conversion shares is equal to the outstanding principal amount divided by the conversion price, which is equal to the lesser of a) the IPO price or b) the opening price of the common stock on the first trading day after the IPO multiplied by the discount of <span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNDSEVEVUxFIE9GIFdFSUdIVEVEIEFWRVJBR0UgQ09NTU9OIFNIQVJFUyBPVVRTVEFORElORyBBTlRJLURJTFVUSVZFIChEZXRhaWxzKSAoUGFyZW50aGV0aWNhbCkA" id="xdx_907_ecustom--WarrantSharesOfOutstandingPercentage_dp_uPure_c20221101__20231031__us-gaap--SubsidiarySaleOfStockAxis__us-gaap--IPOMember_z9cu2mfBUUg" title="Warrant shares of outstanding percentage">50</span>%. </span></td></tr> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><sup id="xdx_F08_zwgsYYvgXj7j">(3)</sup></span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span id="xdx_F10_ztC7XNL0l5U6" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The number of commitment shares to be issued is a variable number of shares for a fixed total dollar amount of $<span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNDSEVEVUxFIE9GIFdFSUdIVEVEIEFWRVJBR0UgQ09NTU9OIFNIQVJFUyBPVVRTVEFORElORyBBTlRJLURJTFVUSVZFIChEZXRhaWxzKSAoUGFyZW50aGV0aWNhbCkA" id="xdx_901_ecustom--CommitmentValue_iI_c20231031__us-gaap--SubsidiarySaleOfStockAxis__us-gaap--IPOMember_zmF8xH0MflH1" title="Commitment value">1,125,000</span>, which is <span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNDSEVEVUxFIE9GIFdFSUdIVEVEIEFWRVJBR0UgQ09NTU9OIFNIQVJFUyBPVVRTVEFORElORyBBTlRJLURJTFVUSVZFIChEZXRhaWxzKSAoUGFyZW50aGV0aWNhbCkA" id="xdx_904_ecustom--CommitmentSharesIssuedPercentage_dp_uPure_c20221101__20231031__us-gaap--SubsidiarySaleOfStockAxis__us-gaap--IPOMember_zMtmOcOcUcj8" title="Commitment shares issued percentage">25</span>% of the aggregate Notes principal balance divided by the offering price of the IPO. </span></td></tr> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><sup id="xdx_F00_z1NHBnHusPXe">(4)</sup></span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span id="xdx_F1D_zQW9MYdjYKZ6" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Balance consists of potentially dilutive shares based on <span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNDSEVEVUxFIE9GIFdFSUdIVEVEIEFWRVJBR0UgQ09NTU9OIFNIQVJFUyBPVVRTVEFORElORyBBTlRJLURJTFVUSVZFIChEZXRhaWxzKSAoUGFyZW50aGV0aWNhbCkA" id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--WeightedAverageNumberDilutedSharesOutstandingAdjustment_c20221101__20231031_zzmL7hRRt6nk" title="Dilutive shares outstanding">1,766,702</span> outstanding, equity classified warrants.</span></td></tr> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><sup id="xdx_F02_zkOkkdqr1RX1">(5)</sup></span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span id="xdx_F17_zBRLAKrZD73" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Balance consists of restricted stock units granted to five outside directors and restricted shares issued to executives.</span></td></tr> </table> 396247 693107 2772429 321428 1400000 396247 4486964 0.50 0.50 1125000 0.25 1766702 <p id="xdx_842_eus-gaap--EnvironmentalCostExpensePolicy_z5MJU92FvXbl" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i><span id="xdx_86A_zPaOR56yu1Te">Environmental Expenditures</span></i></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The operations of the Company have been, and may in the future be, affected from time to time to varying degree by changes in environmental regulations, including those for future reclamation and site restoration costs. Both the likelihood of new regulations and their overall effect upon the Company vary greatly and are not predictable. The Company’s policy is to meet or, if possible, surpass standards set by relevant legislation by application of technically proven and economically feasible measures.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Environmental expenditures that relate to ongoing environmental and reclamation programs are charged against earnings as incurred or capitalized and amortized depending on their future economic benefits. All of these types of expenditures incurred since inception have been charged against earnings due to the uncertainty of their future recoverability. Estimated future reclamation and site restoration costs, when the ultimate liability is reasonably determinable, are charged against earnings over the estimated remaining life of the related business operation, net of expected recoveries.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p id="xdx_847_eus-gaap--NewAccountingPronouncementsPolicyPolicyTextBlock_zAjfilMi8m93" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i><span id="xdx_86A_zOKwDPCnzb5j">Recent Accounting Pronouncements</span></i></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">All recently issued but not yet effective accounting pronouncements have been deemed to be not applicable or immaterial to the Company.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p id="xdx_84D_eus-gaap--PriorPeriodReclassificationAdjustmentDescription_zLfreJaD2K2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i><span id="xdx_860_zu1hfQPSZQ2">Reclassification of Expenses</span></i></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i> </i></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Certain amounts in the prior periods presented have been reclassified to the current period financial statement presentation. This reclassification has no effect on previously reported net income.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i> </i></span></p> <p id="xdx_849_eus-gaap--SubsequentEventsPolicyPolicyTextBlock_zkAgTt0lseu9" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i><span id="xdx_86C_zUOJpVN2PqHe">Subsequent Events</span></i></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The Company evaluated all events and transactions that occurred after October 31, 2023 through the date of the filing of this report. See Note 11 for such events and transactions.</span></p> <p id="xdx_80A_eus-gaap--SubstantialDoubtAboutGoingConcernTextBlock_zPlgov8u11Ib" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>NOTE 3 - <span id="xdx_820_zs6IoK77xgRf">GOING CONCERN AND MANAGEMENT’S LIQUIDITY PLANS</span></b></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; background-color: white"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">As of October 31, 2023, the Company had $<span id="xdx_90C_eus-gaap--Cash_iI_c20231031_zSKancOqBcQj" title="Cash">1,561,924</span> in its operating bank account and working capital deficit of $<span id="xdx_90D_ecustom--WorkingCapital_iI_c20231031_z6LTP1KFMFq5" title="Working capital">156,045</span>. To date, the Company has been funding operations through proceeds from the issuance of common stock, financing through certain investors and its IPO, which closed with net proceeds of $<span id="xdx_90E_eus-gaap--ProceedsFromIssuanceInitialPublicOffering_c20231031__20231031_zJj0Q0Lpfyc5" title="Proceeds from public offering">4,940,000</span>. Upon consummation of the IPO, the Company used the net proceeds to i) repay a non-interest-bearing note payable in the amount of $<span id="xdx_904_ecustom--NonInterestBearingNotePayable_iI_c20231031__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__us-gaap--RelatedPartyMember_zugmJJ4Bxseb" title="Non-interest-bearing note payable">1,032,512</span>, and ii) repay a bridge note with three investors with a principal amount of $<span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--DebtInstrumentFaceAmount_iI_c20231031__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--ThreeInvestorsMember_zuk0u74sB89c" title="Principal amount">440,000</span> (see Notes 7 and 9). Additionally, on October 4, 2023, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement (“October 2023 SPA”) with an institutional investor for convertible note financing in an aggregate principal amount of up to $<span id="xdx_901_eus-gaap--DebtInstrumentIssuedPrincipal_pn5n6_c20231004__20231004__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__custom--TwoTranchesMember__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--OctoberTwoThousandTwentyThreeSPAMember_z06Wr4kFwWV1" title="Debt instrument, issued, principal">3.5</span> million under two tranches; on that same date, the investor funded the first tranche for approximately $<span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--DebtInstrumentIssuedPrincipal_pn5n6_c20231004__20231004__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__custom--FirstTrancheMember__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--OctoberTwoThousandTwentyThreeSPAMember_zgYVm7DEhlD9" title="Debt instrument, issued, principal">1.9</span> million (net of original issue discount of <span id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--DebtInstrumentInterestRateEffectivePercentage_iI_pid_dp_uPure_c20231004__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--OctoberTwoThousandTwentyThreeSPAMember_zIAZKMxTR6b7" title="Original issue discount rate">7</span>%).</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The accompanying financial statements have been prepared on the basis that the Company will continue as a going concern over the next twelve months from the date of issuance of these financial statements, which assumes the realization of assets and the satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business. As of October 31, 2023, the Company has an accumulated deficit of $<span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit_iNI_di_c20231031_zGYEwpl6dQ1c" title="Accumulated deficit">10,446,882</span> and has experienced losses from continuing operations. Based on the Company’s cash balance as of October 31, 2023 and projected cash needs for the twelve months following the issuance of these financial statements, management estimates that it will need to generate sufficient sales revenue and/or raise additional capital to cover operating and capital requirements. Management will need to raise the additional funds by issuing additional shares of common stock or other equity securities or obtaining additional debt financing. Although management has been successful to date in raising necessary funding and obtaining financing through investors, there can be no assurance that any required future financing can be successfully completed on a timely basis, or on terms acceptable to the Company. Based on these circumstances, management has determined that these conditions raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern for the twelve months following the issuance of these financial statements.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Accordingly, the accompanying financial statements have been prepared in conformity with U.S. GAAP, which contemplates continuation of the Company as a going concern and the realization of assets and the satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business. The financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> 1561924 156045 4940000 1032512 440000 3500000 1900000 0.07 -10446882 <p id="xdx_80C_ecustom--InitialPublicOfferingTextBlock_z1TKXpmYdvql" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>NOTE 4 - <span id="xdx_82B_zTBFuM10ReE8">INITIAL PUBLIC OFFERING</span></b></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The Company’s Registration Statement (Amendment No. 9) on Form S-1/A was filed with the SEC on March 24, 2023; its Initial Public Offering was declared effective on April 17, 2023 and closed on April 20, 2023 (collectively, the “Offering” or “IPO”). The Company sold <span id="xdx_90C_eus-gaap--SaleOfStockNumberOfSharesIssuedInTransaction_c20230420__20230420__us-gaap--SubsidiarySaleOfStockAxis__us-gaap--IPOMember_zNPTP231m6Fd" title="Number of sale of stock">2,000,000</span> shares of common stock at a public offering price of $<span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--SaleOfStockPricePerShare_iI_c20230420__us-gaap--SubsidiarySaleOfStockAxis__us-gaap--IPOMember_z4G73uTlFsYl" title="Sale of stock price per share">3.00</span> per share for gross proceeds of $<span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--SaleOfStockConsiderationReceivedOnTransaction_c20230420__20230420__us-gaap--SubsidiarySaleOfStockAxis__us-gaap--IPOMember_zumhecSkrXo6" title="Proceeds from sale of stock">6,000,000</span>. After deducting the underwriting commissions, discounts and offering expenses payable by the Company, it received net proceeds of approximately $<span id="xdx_90F_eus-gaap--ProceedsFromIssuanceInitialPublicOffering_c20230420__20230420_zgRIVgUEaNh6" title="Proceeds from public offering">4,940,000</span>. The Company’s common stock is listed on the NYSE American under the symbol TPET. The Company also issued warrants to purchase <span id="xdx_90F_eus-gaap--ClassOfWarrantOrRightNumberOfSecuritiesCalledByWarrantsOrRights_iI_c20230420__us-gaap--SubsidiarySaleOfStockAxis__us-gaap--OverAllotmentOptionMember_zxoIjth1ukH8" title="Warrants to purchase shares">100,000</span> shares of common stock to the underwriters at an exercise price of $<span id="xdx_90C_eus-gaap--ClassOfWarrantOrRightExercisePriceOfWarrantsOrRights1_iI_c20230420__us-gaap--SubsidiarySaleOfStockAxis__us-gaap--OverAllotmentOptionMember_zAzIJiQ2AHRk" title="Warrants exercise price">3.30</span> per share (<span id="xdx_901_ecustom--PercentageOfPublicOfferingPrice_iI_dp_uPure_c20230420__us-gaap--SubsidiarySaleOfStockAxis__us-gaap--OverAllotmentOptionMember_zd1oNQHklJtf" title="Public offering price, percentage">110</span>% of public offering price), the cost of which was offset to additional paid-in capital upon IPO.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> 2000000 3.00 6000000 4940000 100000 3.30 1.10 <p id="xdx_807_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentDisclosureTextBlock_zJjRBTyMeCGa" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>NOTE 5 - <span id="xdx_820_zqHxwNOLZ7Rj">OIL AND NATURAL GAS PROPERTIES</span></b></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p id="xdx_89C_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentTextBlock_zWnFF8kojXz7" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The following tables summarize the Company’s oil and gas activities.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_8BA_zPH0XVKeJErb" style="display: none">SCHEDULE OF OIL AND NATURAL GAS PROPERTIES</span></span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%"> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" id="xdx_497_20231031_zkc7IrriqRre" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>As of October 31,</b></span></p></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" id="xdx_496_20221031_z40WQUIRbAzf" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>As of October 31,</b></span></p></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">2023</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">2022</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr id="xdx_400_eus-gaap--OilAndGasPropertyFullCostMethodGross_iI_zQVD3USBtx0h" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="width: 60%; text-align: left">Oil and gas properties - not subject to amortization</td><td style="width: 2%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 16%; text-align: right">9,947,742</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 2%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 16%; text-align: right">5,836,232</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr id="xdx_402_eus-gaap--OilAndGasPropertyFullCostMethodDepletion_iI_zWuDgu6wKld7" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Accumulated impairment</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0788">-</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0789">-</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr id="xdx_405_eus-gaap--OilAndGasPropertyFullCostMethodNet_iI_z9NasNptDZF1" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt">Oil and gas properties - not subject to amortization, net</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">9,947,742</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">5,836,232</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> </table> <p id="xdx_8A0_z9Pb4iWPuQVf" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">During the years ended October 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company incurred aggregate exploration costs of $<span id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--ExplorationCosts_c20221101__20231031_zvavaGbixjj7" title="Exploration costs">251,743</span> and $<span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--ExplorationCosts_c20211101__20221031_zGNGJ6DYk0a7" title="Exploration costs">28,669</span>, respectively. For the current year, these expenses were exploratory, geological and geophysical costs and for the prior year, these costs were mainly for the purpose of the site surveys. All costs were expensed on the statement of operations during the applicable periods. For capitalized costs during the year ended October 31, 2023, the Company incurred $<span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--InterestCostsCapitalizedAdjustment_c20221101__20231031_zcvFzNyDyLj8" title="Capitalized costs">4,111,510</span>, of which $<span id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--InterestCostsCapitalizedAdjustment_c20221101__20231031__us-gaap--BusinessAcquisitionAxis__custom--SouthSalinasProjectMember_zcJmHTTibyPc" title="Capitalized costs">4,011,510</span> and $<span id="xdx_907_eus-gaap--InterestCostsCapitalizedAdjustment_c20221101__20231031__us-gaap--BusinessAcquisitionAxis__custom--McCoolRanchOilFieldMember_zj5Xce67sIm1" title="Capitalized costs">100,000</span> pertained to the South Salinas Project and McCool Ranch Oil Field, respectively. Of the costs incurred during the current period for the South Salinas Project, $<span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--ExplorationCosts_c20221101__20231031__us-gaap--BusinessAcquisitionAxis__custom--SouthSalinasProjectMember_z7D8jGxn9BZg" title="Exploration costs">3,749,488</span> relates to the drilling of the HV-1 well and $<span id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--AcquisitionCosts_c20221101__20231031_zhcy2hdKVsyl" title="Acquisition costs">262,022</span> relates to acquisition costs and the reserve analysis of the optioned assets (see <i>Optioned Assets </i>below, Note 6). The drilling, reserve analysis and acquisition costs were capitalized and are reflected in the balance of the oil and gas property as of October 31, 2023. During the year ended October 31, 2022, the Company paid a lessor a one-time, non-refundable payment of $<span id="xdx_902_ecustom--NonRefundablePayment_iI_c20221031_zBAiXPaNnCYi" title="Non refundable payment">252,512</span> to provide for an extension of the force majeure status of the property at that time; this amount was capitalized and reflected in the balance of the oil and gas property as of October 31, 2022.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Leases</i></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">As of October 31, 2023, the Company holds various leases related to the unproved properties of the South Salinas Project (see Note 6 and Note 7); two of the leases are held with the same lessor. The first lease, which covers <span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--AreaOfLand_iI_uAcre_c20231031_zDmbLKdLhmD6" title="Area of land">8,417</span> acres, was amended on May 27, 2022 to provide for an extension of then-current force majeure status for an additional, uncontested twelve months, during which the Company would be released from having to evidence to the lessor the existence of force majeure conditions. As consideration for the granting of the lease extension, the Company paid the lessor a one-time, non-refundable payment of $<span id="xdx_90E_ecustom--NonRefundablePayment_iI_c20220527_zLu5Elgykqe" title="Non refundable payment">252,512</span>; this amount was capitalized and reflected in the balance of the oil and gas property as of October 31, 2022. The extension period commenced on June 19, 2022; as of October 31, 2023, the “force majeure” status has been extinguished by the drilling of the HV-1 well, and the validity of the lease is maintained by the drilling of the well, which is in production testing.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The second lease covers <span id="xdx_903_eus-gaap--AreaOfLand_iI_uAcre_c20231031__us-gaap--LeaseContractualTermAxis__custom--SecondAforementionedMember_z8hHecatPo88">160 </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">acres of the South Salinas Project; it is currently held by delay rental and is renewed every three years. Until drilling commences, the Company is required to make delay rental payments of $<span id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--PaymentsForRent_c20221101__20231031__us-gaap--LeaseContractualTermAxis__custom--SecondAforementionedMember_zZIpYMynzJel">30</span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">/acre per year. The Company is currently in compliance with this requirement and has paid in advance the delay rental payment for the period from October 2022 through October 2023.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">During February and March of 2023, the Company entered into additional leases related to the unproved properties of the South Salinas Project with two groups of lessors. The first group of leases covers <span id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--AreaOfLand_iI_uAcre_c20230331__us-gaap--LeaseContractualTermAxis__custom--GroupOneMember_z1EtBFMzhqx6" title="Area of land">360</span> acres and has a term of <span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeaseRenewalTerm_iI_dtYp_c20230331__us-gaap--LeaseContractualTermAxis__custom--GroupOneMember_z9BXyHS2wNgl" title="Lease term">20</span> years; the Company is required to make rental payments of $<span id="xdx_901_eus-gaap--PaymentsForRent_c20230201__20230331__us-gaap--LeaseContractualTermAxis__custom--GroupOneMember_z4njU4oAtal7" title="Payments for rent">25</span>/acre per year. The Company is currently in compliance with this requirement and has paid in advance the rental payment for the period February 2023 through February 2024. The second group of leases covers <span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--AreaOfLand_iI_usqft_c20230331__us-gaap--LeaseContractualTermAxis__custom--GroupTwoMember_zKSjKoIheKq4" title="Area of land">307.75</span> acres and has a term of <span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeaseRenewalTerm_iI_dtY_c20230331__us-gaap--LeaseContractualTermAxis__custom--GroupTwoMember_zXiJ6PKcAIRh" title="Lease term">20</span> years; the Company is required to make rental payments of $<span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--PaymentsForRent_c20230201__20230331__us-gaap--LeaseContractualTermAxis__custom--GroupTwoMember_zZxu6EKMBNd8" title="Payments for rent">30</span>/acre per year. The Company is currently in compliance with this requirement and has paid in advance the rental payment for the period from March 2023 through March 2024.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">As of October 31, 2023, the Company assessed the unproved properties of the South Salinas Project and those adjacent to it for impairment, analyzing future drilling plans, leasehold expiration and the existence of any known dry holes in the area. The Company did not record any impairment to the oil and gas property as of October 31, 2023, as all capitalized costs represent costs to acquire unproved property leases pending further development on the balance sheet. There is <span id="xdx_905_eus-gaap--CostDepletion_do_c20221101__20231031_zmxjMbsz4Yf6" title="Cost, depletion">no</span> depletion related to the oil and gas property as of October 31, 2023, as the Company does not currently have production and the acquired property is not subject to amortization as of that date.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Optioned Assets</i></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On December 22, 2022, the Company and Trio LLC entered into the Fourth Amendment to the Trio LLC PSA (see Note 6). Per the terms of the Fourth Amendment, the Company was granted a 120-day option (commencing on January 1, 2023) to acquire any or all of the following three assets currently owned in part by Trio LLC (the “Optioned Assets”). The price for this option was $<span id="xdx_908_ecustom--OptionFee_c20221222__20221222_zhbg4Qjgjtgb" title="Option fee">150,000</span>, which was paid by the Company to Trio LLC in April 2023; this amount was capitalized and is reflected in the balance of the oil and gas property. The Optioned Assets are as follows:</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">●</span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The McCool Ranch Oil Field (Hangman Hollow Area) asset with an option to acquire Trio LLC’s <span id="xdx_90C_eus-gaap--BusinessAcquisitionPercentageOfVotingInterestsAcquired_iI_dp_uPure_c20221222__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--TrioLLCMember__us-gaap--BusinessAcquisitionAxis__custom--McCoolRanchOilFieldMember_zBRM2YVikAYc" title="Percentage of working interest">44</span>% working interest and their Operatorship;</span></td></tr> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">●</span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The Kern Front Field asset with an option to acquire Trio LLC’s <span id="xdx_903_eus-gaap--BusinessAcquisitionPercentageOfVotingInterestsAcquired_iI_dp_uPure_c20221222__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--TrioLLCMember__us-gaap--BusinessAcquisitionAxis__custom--KenFronFieldMember_zl6vsPthkh0g">22</span>% working interest and their Operatorship; and</span></td></tr> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">●</span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The Union Avenue Field with an option to acquire Trio LLC’s <span id="xdx_90D_eus-gaap--BusinessAcquisitionPercentageOfVotingInterestsAcquired_iI_dp_uPure_c20221222__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--TrioLLCMember__us-gaap--BusinessAcquisitionAxis__custom--UnionAveFieldMember_zNijsyysXRog">20</span>% working interest and their Operatorship;</span></td></tr> </table> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The Optioned Assets are all located in California. In order to evaluate the Optioned Assets, the Company engaged KLS Petroleum Consulting, LLC (“KLSP”) to perform detailed analyses and estimations of the oil and gas reserves and of the fair market values of each of these three assets. These analyses have been completed, and as of October 31, 2023, the Company has paid approximately $<span id="xdx_90D_ecustom--ReserveAnalysisOptionedAsset_iI_c20231031_zUOi6JLntxue" title="Reserve analysis optioned asset">39,000</span> to KLSP for the reserve analysis of the optioned assets; this amount has been capitalized and is reflected in the balance of the oil and gas properties on the balance sheet. Although 120-day option period has expired as of the fiscal year-end, the Company and Trio LLC are nevertheless continuing to work together cooperatively toward the goal of facilitating the Company’s acquisition of the other Optioned Assets.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Union Avenue Field Agreement</i></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On May 12, 2023, the Company announced the signing of an Acquisition Agreement to potentially acquire up to <span id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--BusinessAcquisitionPercentageOfVotingInterestsAcquired_iI_dp_uPure_c20230512__us-gaap--BusinessAcquisitionAxis__custom--UnionAveFieldMember_z6VdiCx8XFQk" title="Percentage of working interest">100</span>% of the working interest in the Union Avenue Field. However, the Company and Trio LLC did not agree on terms and the transaction did not close.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>McCool Ranch Oil Field Asset Purchase</i></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i> </i></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On October 16, 2023, the Company entered into an agreement (“McCool Ranch Purchase Agreement”) with Trio LLC for purchase of a <span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--BusinessAcquisitionPercentageOfVotingInterestsAcquired_iI_dp_uPure_c20231016__us-gaap--BusinessAcquisitionAxis__custom--TrioLLCMember__us-gaap--RegulatoryAssetAxis__custom--KenFronFieldMember_zPolnrBZdwrk" title="Working interest">21.918315</span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">% working interest in the McCool Ranch Oil Field located in Monterey County near the Company’s flagship South Salinas Project (see Note 6); the Assets are situated in what is known as the “Hangman Hollow Area” of the McCool Ranch Oil Field. The acquired property is an oil field developed with oil wells, a water-disposal well, steam generator, boiler, various tanks, in-field steam pipelines, oil pipelines and other facilities. The property is fully and properly permitted for oil and gas production, cyclic- steam injection and water disposal; however, it is currently idle (i.e., not producing), although operations to restart production have begun. The Company initially recorded a payment of $<span id="xdx_902_ecustom--PaymentOfExecution_c20231016__20231016_znC45R2MEOi" title="Payment of execution">100,000</span></span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">upon execution of the McCool Ranch Purchase Agreement, at which time Trio LLC began refurbishment operations with respect to the San Ardo WD-1 water disposal well (the “WD-1”) to determine if it is capable of reasonably serving the produced water needs for the assets, which Refurbishment was successfully accomplished. With Refurbishment successfully accomplished, the Company will pay an additional $<span id="xdx_903_eus-gaap--AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalOther_c20231016__20231016_zNfrDcxsr1Lk" title="Adjustments to additional paid in capital, other">400,000</span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">, which shall be used in restarting production operations on the assets. As of October 31, 2023, the Company has recorded the $<span id="xdx_905_eus-gaap--InterestCostsCapitalized_c20221101__20231031_zApHsXIBHPfd" title="Payment capitalized cost">100,000 </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">payment as a capitalized cost; the balance is reflected in the balance of the oil and gas property as of year-end.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Additional Working Interest - South Salinas Project</i></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In April 2023, the Company paid Trio LLC approximately $<span id="xdx_901_eus-gaap--PaymentsToAcquireBusinessesNetOfCashAcquired_c20230401__20230430__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--TrioLLCMember_zJMUOmEkrlJ" title="Cash paid for additional acquisition">60,000</span> to acquire an additional <span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--BusinessAcquisitionPercentageOfVotingInterestsAcquired_iI_dp_uPure_c20230430__us-gaap--BusinessAcquisitionAxis__custom--TrioLLCMember_zMuxScX5OKs5" title="Percentage of working interest">3.026471</span>% working interest in the South Salinas Project, of which working interest amount is one-half (1/2) of the working interest that was acquired by Trio LLC; this amount was capitalized and is reflected in the balance of the oil and gas property (see Note 6).</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p id="xdx_89C_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentTextBlock_zWnFF8kojXz7" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The following tables summarize the Company’s oil and gas activities.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_8BA_zPH0XVKeJErb" style="display: none">SCHEDULE OF OIL AND NATURAL GAS PROPERTIES</span></span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%"> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" id="xdx_497_20231031_zkc7IrriqRre" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>As of October 31,</b></span></p></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" id="xdx_496_20221031_z40WQUIRbAzf" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>As of October 31,</b></span></p></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">2023</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">2022</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr id="xdx_400_eus-gaap--OilAndGasPropertyFullCostMethodGross_iI_zQVD3USBtx0h" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="width: 60%; text-align: left">Oil and gas properties - not subject to amortization</td><td style="width: 2%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 16%; text-align: right">9,947,742</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 2%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 16%; text-align: right">5,836,232</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr id="xdx_402_eus-gaap--OilAndGasPropertyFullCostMethodDepletion_iI_zWuDgu6wKld7" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Accumulated impairment</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0788">-</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0789">-</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr id="xdx_405_eus-gaap--OilAndGasPropertyFullCostMethodNet_iI_z9NasNptDZF1" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt">Oil and gas properties - not subject to amortization, net</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">9,947,742</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">5,836,232</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> </table> 9947742 5836232 9947742 5836232 251743 28669 4111510 4011510 100000 3749488 262022 252512 8417 252512 160 30 360 P20Y 25 307.75 P20Y 30 0 150000 0.44 0.22 0.20 39000 1 0.21918315 100000 400000 100000 60000 0.03026471 <p id="xdx_80B_eus-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsDisclosureTextBlock_zO4GsPvEnF51" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>NOTE 6 - <span id="xdx_826_z1vRg3fCWdue">RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS</span></b></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>South Salinas Project - Related Party</i></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i> </i></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The Company was originally formed to acquire Trio LLC’s working interest in the South Salinas Project, and subsequently partner with certain members of Trio LLC’s management to develop and operate those assets (see Note 1, Note 5). Trio LLC operates the South Salinas on behalf of the Company, and as operator, conducts and has full control of the operations and acts in the capacity of an independent contractor. Trio LLC currently holds a <span id="xdx_906_ecustom--WorkingInterestPercentage_pid_dp_uPure_c20221101__20231031__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--SouthSalinasProjectMember_zt7KvegLQrDb" title="Working interest percentage">3.8</span>% working interest in the South Salinas Project and the Company holds an <span id="xdx_905_ecustom--WorkingInterestPercentage_pid_dp_uPure_c20221101__20231031_zHD9JA0Nl8la" title="Working interest percentage">85.75</span>% working interest. The Company advances funds to Trio LLC to develop and operate the assets in the South Salinas Project; such funds have been classified in the long-term asset section of the balance sheet as Advance to Operators since April 2022, and as of October 31, 2023 and 2022, the balance of this account was $<span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--AdvancesToAffiliate_iI_c20231031__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--SouthSalinasProjectMember_zoqZgEEmHSef" title="Long term asset advance to operators">0</span> and $<span id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--AdvancesToAffiliate_iI_c20221031__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--SouthSalinasProjectMember_zIDj5cS6Uij3" title="Long term asset advance to operators">1,900,000</span>, respectively.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i> </i></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Optioned Assets with Related Party</i></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On December 22, 2022, the Company and Trio LLC entered into the Fourth Amendment to the Trio LLC PSA. Per the terms of the Fourth Amendment, the Company was granted a 120-day option (commencing on January 1, 2023) to acquire any or all of the following three assets currently owned in part by Trio LLC (the “Optioned Assets”). The price for this option was $<span id="xdx_901_ecustom--OptionFee_iI_c20221222__20221222__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--OptionedAssetsRelatedPartyMember_zaupMh12ZSG5" title="Option fee">150,000</span>, which was paid by the Company to Trio LLC in April 2023; this amount was capitalized and is reflected in the balance of the oil and gas property. The Optioned Assets are as follows:</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">●</span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The Hangman Hollow Field asset with an option to acquire Trio LLC’s <span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--BusinessAcquisitionPercentageOfVotingInterestsAcquired_iI_dp_uPure_c20221222__us-gaap--BusinessAcquisitionAxis__custom--TrioLLCMember__us-gaap--RegulatoryAssetAxis__custom--HangmanHollowFieldAssetMember__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--OptionedAssetsRelatedPartyMember_zdMbzi7mIrp4" title="Percentage of working interest">44</span>% working interest and their Operatorship;</span></td></tr> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">●</span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The Kern Front Field asset with an option to acquire Trio LLC’s <span id="xdx_907_eus-gaap--BusinessAcquisitionPercentageOfVotingInterestsAcquired_iI_dp_uPure_c20221222__us-gaap--BusinessAcquisitionAxis__custom--TrioLLCMember__us-gaap--RegulatoryAssetAxis__custom--KenFronFieldMember__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--OptionedAssetsRelatedPartyMember_zYg9IxL4Jpz8">22</span>% working interest and their Operatorship; and</span></td></tr> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">●</span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The Union Avenue Field with an option to acquire Trio LLC’s <span id="xdx_903_eus-gaap--BusinessAcquisitionPercentageOfVotingInterestsAcquired_iI_dp_uPure_c20221222__us-gaap--BusinessAcquisitionAxis__custom--TrioLLCMember__us-gaap--RegulatoryAssetAxis__custom--UnionAveFieldMember__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--OptionedAssetsRelatedPartyMember_zBYxyJg8Cg16">20</span>% working interest and their Operatorship;</span></td></tr> </table> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>McCool Ranch Oil Field Asset Purchase - Related Party</i></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i> </i></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">On October 16, 2023, the Company entered into an agreement (“McCool Ranch Purchase Agreement”) with Trio LLC for purchase of a <span id="xdx_90D_eus-gaap--BusinessAcquisitionPercentageOfVotingInterestsAcquired_iI_dp_uPure_c20231016__us-gaap--BusinessAcquisitionAxis__custom--TrioLLCMember__us-gaap--RegulatoryAssetAxis__custom--KenFronFieldMember_zviHLtcZ5OHd" title="Working interest">21.918315</span>% working interest in the McCool Ranch Oil Field located in Monterey County near the Company’s flagship South Salinas Project (see Note 6); the Assets are situated in what is known as the “Hangman Hollow Area” of the McCool Ranch Oil Field. The acquired property is an oil field developed with oil wells, a water-disposal well, steam generator, boiler, various tanks, in-field steam pipelines, oil pipelines and other facilities. The property is fully and properly permitted for oil and gas production, cyclic- steam injection and water disposal; however, it is currently idle (i.e., not producing), although operations to restart production have begun. The Company initially recorded a payment of $<span id="xdx_908_ecustom--PaymentOfExecution_c20231016__20231016_zxRrolsoNzfl" title="Payment of execution">100,000</span> upon execution of the McCool Ranch Purchase Agreement, at which time Trio LLC began refurbishment operations with respect to the San Ardo WD-1 water disposal well (the “WD-1”) to determine if it is capable of reasonably serving the produced water needs for the assets, which Refurbishment was successfully accomplished. With Refurbishment successfully accomplished, the Company will pay an additional $<span id="xdx_907_eus-gaap--AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalOther_c20231016__20231016_z7Ax8Ymi3f7k" title="Adjustments to additional paid in capital, other">400,000</span>, which shall be used in restarting production operations on the assets. As of October 31, 2023, the Company has recorded the $<span id="xdx_90F_eus-gaap--InterestCostsCapitalized_c20221101__20231031_zkt84PmsY092" title="Payment capitalized cost">100,000</span> payment as a capitalized cost; the balance is reflected in the balance of the oil and gas property as of year-end.</p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"> </p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Additional Working Interest - South Salinas Project - Related Party</i></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In April 2023, the Company paid Trio LLC approximately $<span id="xdx_907_eus-gaap--PaymentsToAcquireBusinessesNetOfCashAcquired_c20230401__20230430__us-gaap--BusinessAcquisitionAxis__custom--TrioLLCMember__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--AdditionalWorkingInterestSouthSalinasProjectMember_zelJFh3LPUea" title="Cash paid for additional acquisition">60,000</span> to acquire an additional <span id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--BusinessAcquisitionPercentageOfVotingInterestsAcquired_iI_dp_uPure_c20230430__us-gaap--BusinessAcquisitionAxis__custom--TrioLLCMember__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--AdditionalWorkingInterestSouthSalinasProjectMember_zflFIYwe8wW6" title="Percentage of working interest">3.026471</span>% working interest in the South Salinas Project, of which working interest amount is one-half (1/2) of the working interest that was acquired by Trio LLC; this amount was capitalized and is reflected in the balance of the oil and gas property.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i> </i></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Notes Payable - Related Party</i></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On September 14, 2021, the Company entered into a note payable with Trio LLC as part of the agreement for the purchase of an <span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--BusinessAcquisitionPercentageOfVotingInterestsAcquired_iI_dp_uPure_c20210914__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--PurchaseAndSaleAgreementMember__us-gaap--BusinessAcquisitionAxis__custom--TrioLLCMember_zO46nHSfYUs8">82.75</span>% working interest in the South Salinas Project (see Note 1). Per the Third Amendment signed on May 27, 2022, a portion of a previous payment made to Trio LLC was used to fund a lease extension payment to a third-party; as the payment previously made was to be used for other expenditures, the amount used to fund the lease extension was added to the remaining amount due to Trio LLC, increasing it from $<span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionAmountsOfTransaction_c20220526__20220527__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--TrioLLCMember__srt--RangeAxis__srt--MinimumMember__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--NotesPayableRelatedPartyMember_zQ2SyUiIXgf3">780,000</span> to $<span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionAmountsOfTransaction_c20220526__20220527__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--TrioLLCMember__srt--RangeAxis__srt--MaximumMember__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--NotesPayableRelatedPartyMember_zpgNENEWSFS">1,032,512</span>. Per an extension to the Fourth Amendment to the Trio LLC PSA, the Company made the final payment of $<span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionAmountsOfTransaction_c20220526__20220527__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--TrioLLCMember__us-gaap--SubsidiarySaleOfStockAxis__us-gaap--IPOMember__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--NotesPayableRelatedPartyMember_zJ47cKPZPJbg" title="Related party transaction amounts of transaction">1,032,512</span> upon the consummation of the IPO. As of October 31, 2023 and 2022, the balance of the note payable was $<span id="xdx_90E_eus-gaap--NotesPayableCurrent_iI_dxL_c20231031__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__us-gaap--RelatedPartyMember_z8Cjm7XHHRnj" title="::XDX::-"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0884">0</span></span> and $<span id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--NotesPayableCurrent_iI_c20221031__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__us-gaap--RelatedPartyMember_zFxUxTc5vUWl" title="Notes payable current">1,025,497</span>, respectively, with interest expense recognized of $<span id="xdx_90E_eus-gaap--InterestExpense_c20221101__20231031__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__us-gaap--RelatedPartyMember_zImXImyMhH4" title="Interest expense">7,015</span> and $<span id="xdx_90E_eus-gaap--InterestExpense_c20211101__20221031__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__us-gaap--RelatedPartyMember_zXAfr7ciyKyj" title="Interest expense">120,337</span> for the years ended October 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Total payments made on the note payable for the years ended October 31, 2023 and 2022 were $<span id="xdx_90C_eus-gaap--OtherNotesPayableCurrent_iI_c20231031__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__us-gaap--RelatedPartyMember_zMLrM2naSPQk" title="Notes payable current">1,032,512</span>, and $<span id="xdx_905_eus-gaap--OtherNotesPayableCurrent_iI_c20221031__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__us-gaap--RelatedPartyMember_z6CrFY90rDIj" title="Notes payable current">2,920,000</span>, respectively.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Restricted Stock Units (“RSUs”) issued to Directors</i></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On July 11, 2022, the Company issued <span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues_c20220710__20220711__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--FiveOutsideDirectorMember_zHvZMm5pvle6" title="Number of shares issued">60,000</span> shares of its $<span id="xdx_907_eus-gaap--SharesIssuedPricePerShare_iI_c20220711__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--FiveOutsideDirectorMember_z4xCe6zG2Gb4" title="Common stock par value">0.0001</span> par common stock to each of its five outside Directors with a fair value of $<span id="xdx_90C_eus-gaap--SharePrice_iI_c20220711__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--FiveOutsideDirectorMember_zDc7SvQDKgR1" title="Fair value, per share">0.29</span> per share for an aggregate grant date value of $<span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueNewIssues_c20220710__20220711__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--FiveOutsideDirectorMember_zR4jQdC1IALf" title="Grant date value">88,200</span>. The fair value was calculated via a third-party valuation performed using income and market methods, as well as a discounted cash flow method, with the terminal value using a market multiples method, adjusted for a lack of marketability. The shares, or RSUs, vest in full upon the six-month anniversary of the IPO, subject to the directors’ continued service on the vesting date; upon issuance, the shares will be fully paid and non-assessable. Upon consummation of the IPO, the vesting period for these shares began and for the years ended October 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company recognized stock-based compensation in the amount of $<span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensation_c20221101__20231031__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__srt--DirectorMember_zjUH5HV1R6gl" title="Stock based compensation">88,200</span> and $<span id="xdx_90D_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensation_c20211101__20221031__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__srt--DirectorMember_zuFKLZMdluF7" title="Stock based compensation">0</span>, respectively, within stock-based compensation expenses on the income statement, with unrecognized expense of $<span id="xdx_903_eus-gaap--EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognized_iI_c20231031__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__srt--DirectorMember_z0QbqTAszfIf" title="Unrecognized expense">0</span> as of the period ended October 31, 2023.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On September 2, 2023, the Company issued an aggregate <span id="xdx_907_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues_c20230902__20230902__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--CommonStockMember__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember_zlGfIJ959V0d">425,000</span> shares of its $<span id="xdx_90C_eus-gaap--CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare_iI_pid_c20230902__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--CommonStockMember__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember_zi5Fc0uWGVw" title="Common stock, par value, per share">0.0001</span> par common stock to four outside directors with a fair value of $<span id="xdx_905_eus-gaap--SharesIssuedPricePerShare_iI_c20230902__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--CommonStockMember_zK3gvpCFjp19" title="Shares issued, price per share">0.64</span> per share for a grant date value of $<span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueNewIssues_c20230902__20230902__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--CommonStockMember_zCT2TQt2PGA5" title="Grant date value">273,275</span>. The shares, or RSUs, vest in full upon the six-month anniversary of the vesting commencement date (or August 28,2023), subject to the directors’ continued service on the vesting date. For the years ended October 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company recognized stock-based compensation in the amount of $<span id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensation_c20221101__20231031__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember_zeEqbHEDH6G9" title="Share based compensation expenses">96,016</span> and $<span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensation_c20211101__20221031__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember_z16KzFDiHbg" title="Share based compensation expenses">0</span>, respectively, within stock-based compensation expenses on the income statement, with unrecognized expense of $<span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognized_iI_c20231031__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember_zzvpUidMEn9i" title="Unrecognized expense">177,259</span> as of the period ended October 31, 2023.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Restricted Shares issued to Executives and Employees</i></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In February 2022, the Company entered into employee agreements with Frank Ingriselli (Chief Executive Officer or “CEO”) and Greg Overholtzer (Chief Financial Officer or “CFO”) which, among other things, provided for the grant of restricted shares in the amounts of <span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfSharesAvailableForGrant_iI_c20220228__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--MrFrankIngriselliMember__us-gaap--PlanNameAxis__custom--TwoThousandTwentyTwoEquityIncentivePlanMember_zKdlj3n88lu" title="Grant of restricted shares">1,000,000</span> and <span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfSharesAvailableForGrant_iI_c20220228__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--MrGregOverholtzerMember__us-gaap--PlanNameAxis__custom--TwoThousandTwentyTwoEquityIncentivePlanMember_ziUrCCOj2Ig" title="Grant of restricted shares">100,000</span>, respectively, pursuant to the 2022 Equity Incentive Plan (“the Plan”). Per the terms of the employee agreements, subject to continued employment, the restricted shares vest over a two-year period, under which <span id="xdx_907_eus-gaap--SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardAwardVestingRightsPercentage_pid_dp_uPure_c20220201__20220228__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember__us-gaap--PlanNameAxis__custom--TwoThousandTwentyTwoEquityIncentivePlanMember_zxkuOczVogH8" title="Restricted shares, vesting rate">25</span>% will vest upon the earlier of three months after the IPO or six months after the grant date. After this date, the remainder vest in equal tranches every six months until fully vested. As the Plan was not adopted until October 17, 2022 (see Note 7), these shares will be recorded as of that date at a fair value of $<span id="xdx_90F_eus-gaap--SharePrice_iI_c20220228__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--ExecutivesMember__us-gaap--PlanNameAxis__custom--TwoThousandTwentyTwoEquityIncentivePlanMember__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--RestrictedShareIssuedToExecutivesAndEmployeesMember_zonJvyfrFCcf" title="Fair value, per share">0.294</span> per share; such value was calculated via a third-party valuation performed using income and market methods, as well as a discounted cash flow method, with the terminal value using a market multiples method, adjusted for a lack of marketability (see Note 10). As of October 31, 2022, the Company recorded <span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues_c20221001__20221031__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--ExecutivesMember__us-gaap--PlanNameAxis__custom--TwoThousandTwentyTwoEquityIncentivePlanMember__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--RestrictedShareIssuedToExecutivesAndEmployeesMember_zJGk5ITdQsP6" title="Restricted shares">1,100,000</span> restricted shares at a fair value of $<span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueNewIssues_c20221001__20221031__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--ExecutivesMember__us-gaap--PlanNameAxis__custom--TwoThousandTwentyTwoEquityIncentivePlanMember__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--RestrictedShareIssuedToExecutivesAndEmployeesMember_z1Y6Y9F0B8t9" title="Fair value, grant">323,400</span>, and for the years ended October 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company recognized stock-based compensation of $<span id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensation_c20221101__20231031__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--ExecutivesMember__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--RestrictedShareIssuedToExecutivesAndEmployeesMember_z5ExgTHQzide" title="Stock based compensation">161,700</span> and $<span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensation_c20211101__20221031__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--ExecutivesMember__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--RestrictedShareIssuedToExecutivesAndEmployeesMember_zFImW6BE4XAd" title="Stock based compensation">6,202</span>, respectively, within stock-based compensation expenses on the income statement, with unrecognized expense of $<span id="xdx_90F_eus-gaap--EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognized_iI_c20231031__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--ExecutivesMember__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--RestrictedShareIssuedToExecutivesAndEmployeesMember_zOC2jDjGKzEl" title="Unrecognized expense">155,498</span> as of October 31, 2023.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In May 2023, the Company entered into six employee agreements which, among other things, provided for the grant of an aggregate of <span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfSharesAvailableForGrant_iI_c20230531__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--SixEmployeeAgreementMember_zX7cEmfWkTk6" title="Grant of restricted shares">700,000</span> restricted shares pursuant to the Plan. Per the terms of the employee agreements, subject to continued employment, the restricted shares vest as follows: <span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardAwardVestingRightsPercentage_pid_dp_uPure_c20230501__20230531__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--SixEmployeeAgreementMember_zlUFOiYF8qTi" title="Restricted shares, vesting rate">25</span>% of the shares will vest five months after the issuance date, after which the remainder vest in equal tranches every six months until fully vested. The shares were recorded on the date of issuance at a fair value of $<span id="xdx_907_eus-gaap--SharePrice_iI_c20230531__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--SixEmployeeAgreementMember_zJTTcyiTF6Mh" title="Fair value, per share">2.15</span> per share for an aggregate fair value of $<span id="xdx_907_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueNewIssues_c20221101__20231031__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--SixEmployeeAgreementMember_zVAYPep4HjXl" title="Fair value, grant"><span id="xdx_903_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueNewIssues_c20211101__20221031__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--SixEmployeeAgreementMember_zDU6rru0sdUl" title="Fair value, grant">1,505,000</span></span>, and for the years ended October 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company recognized stock-based compensation of $<span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensation_c20221101__20231031__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--SixEmployeeAgreementMember_zBY3zPwX9BTd" title="Stock based compensation">440,219</span> and $<span id="xdx_90F_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensation_c20211101__20221031__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--SixEmployeeAgreementMember_zisciBWGmxid" title="Stock based compensation">0</span>, respectively, within stock-based compensation expenses on the income statement, with unrecognized expense of $<span id="xdx_90D_eus-gaap--EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognized_iI_c20231031__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--SixEmployeeAgreementMember_zubBo3OgTrPd" title="Unrecognized expense">1,064,781</span> as of the period ended October 31, 2023.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On July 20, 2023, pursuant to the Ingriselli Employment Agreement (see above), the Company issued <span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues_c20230720__20230720__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--MrIngriselliMember_z6m16edw3Cwe" title="Restricted shares">200,000</span> restricted shares (subject to the Plan) as a discretionary annual bonus at a fair value of $<span id="xdx_904_ecustom--FairValuePerShare_c20230720__20230720__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--MrIngriselliMember_zMbivNJuyI9f" title="Fair value per share">1.07</span> per share to Mr. Ingriselli for an aggregate fair value of $<span id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueNewIssues_c20230720__20230720__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--MrIngriselliMember_zaW7PnnF5EV3" title="Aggregate fair value">213,000</span>. The shares vested fully on July 24, 2023 and the Company recognized stock-based compensation of $<span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensation_c20221101__20230731__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--MrIngriselliMember_ztcAUzJFpxK5" title="Stock based compensation">213,000</span> within stock-based compensation expenses on the income statement for the period ended July 31, 2023.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On October 16, 2023, the Company and Michael L. Peterson entered into an employment agreement (the “Peterson Employment Agreement”), effective as of October 23, 2023, pursuant to which Mr. Peterson will serve as Chief Executive Officer of the Company, replacing Mr. Ingriselli. Pursuant to the Peterson Employment Agreement, Mr. Peterson will be paid an annual base salary of $<span id="xdx_902_ecustom--AnnualBasedSalary_c20231016__20231016__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--MichaelLPetersonMember_zC2U1EITAYB7" title="Annual based salary">350,000</span>. In addition, Mr. Peterson is entitled to receive, subject to his continuing employment with the Company on the applicable date of the bonus payout, an annual target discretionary bonus of up to <span id="xdx_905_ecustom--DiscretionaryBonusPercentage_iI_pid_dp_uPure_c20231016__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--MichaelLPetersonMember_zfiHmwfSua0k" title="Discretionary bonus percentage">100</span>% of his annual base salary, payable at the discretion of the Compensation Committee of the Board based upon the Company’s and Mr. Peterson’s achievement of objectives and milestones to be determined on an annual basis by the Board.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Pursuant to the Peterson Employment Agreement, the Company issued Mr. Peterson is a grant of <span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesRestrictedStockAwardGross_c20231023__20231023__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--MrPetersonMember_zqbnQnizakb5" title="Restricted shares">1,000,000</span> shares of restricted stock pursuant to the Company’s Omnibus Incentive Compensation Plan (the “Plan”) at a fair value of $<span id="xdx_90F_eus-gaap--SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsNonvestedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue_iI_c20231023_zhCokXvebhv9" title="Share-based compensation arrangement by share-based payment award, option, nonvested, weighted average exercise price">0.27</span> per share for a grant date fair value of $<span id="xdx_90F_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueRestrictedStockAwardGross_c20231023__20231023__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--MrPetersonMember_z5E1GuTuW2P9" title="Restricted value">271,000</span>. The restricted stock grant vests over a period of two years, with <span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardAwardVestingRightsPercentage_pid_dp_uPure_c20231023__20231023__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--MrPetersonMember_zNfzk1e1FrR" title="Restricted shares, vesting rate">25</span>% of the shares of restricted stock vesting six months after the Peterson Employment Agreement Effective Date, and the remainder vesting in equal tranches on each of the 12-, 18-, and 24-month anniversary dates of the Peterson Employment Agreement. As of October 31, 2023, the Company recognized stock-based compensation of $<span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensation_c20221101__20231031__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--MrPetersonMember_zd1AMl6XbkEj" title="Stock based compensation">3,341</span> within stock-based compensation expenses on the income statement, with unrecognized expense of $<span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognized_iI_c20231031__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--MrPetersonMember_zWHJsonpoiW3" title="Unrecognized expense">267,659</span>.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Consulting Agreement - Related Party</i></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i> </i></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On October 6, 2023, Mr. Ingriselli delivered notice of his resignation as the Company’s Chief Executive Officer, effective on October 23, 2023. Upon his resignation, Mr. Ingriselli will continue as a director and hold the title of “Vice Chairman” of the Board of Directors of the Company. In addition, on October 16, 2023, the Company and Global Venture Investments LLC (“Consultant”), a Delaware Limited Liability Company and a wholly owned consulting firm owned <span id="xdx_90F_ecustom--ConsultingAgreementPercentage_dp_uPure_c20231016__20231016__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--ConsultingAgreementRelatedPartyMember_zNK2oAvXKbK" title="Consulting agreement percentage">100</span>% by Mr. Ingriselli, entered into a consulting agreement, effective as of the date of resignation and continuing through December 31, 2023.  Pursuant to the Consulting Agreement, the Company will pay Mr. Ingriselli a cash consulting fee equal to $<span id="xdx_900_ecustom--ConsultingAgreementFee_c20231016__20231016__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--ConsultingAgreementRelatedPartyMember_zHN1X2MtT2U" title="Consulting agreement fee">10,000</span> per month, payable within five business days after the commencement of each calendar month during the term of the Consulting Agreement. The Consulting Agreement terminated on December 31, 2023, in accordance with its terms.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> 0.038 0.8575 0 1900000 150000 0.44 0.22 0.20 0.21918315 100000 400000 100000 60000 0.03026471 0.8275 780000 1032512 1032512 1025497 7015 120337 1032512 2920000 60000 0.0001 0.29 88200 88200 0 0 425000 0.0001 0.64 273275 96016 0 177259 1000000 100000 0.25 0.294 1100000 323400 161700 6202 155498 700000 0.25 2.15 1505000 1505000 440219 0 1064781 200000 1.07 213000 213000 350000 1 1000000 0.27 271000 0.25 3341 267659 1 10000 <p id="xdx_804_eus-gaap--CommitmentsAndContingenciesDisclosureTextBlock_zi865Q9L6TWe" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>NOTE 7 - <span id="xdx_823_zpzylqj6HADk">COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES</span></b></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">From time to time, the Company is subject to various claims that arise in the ordinary course of business. Management believes that any liability of the Company that may arise out of or with respect to these matters will not materially adversely affect the financial position, results of operations, or cash flows of the Company.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Unproved Property Leases</i></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">As of October 31, 2023, the Company holds various leases related to the unproved properties of the South Salinas Project (see Note 5); two of the leases are held with the same lessor. The first lease, which covers <span id="xdx_905_eus-gaap--AreaOfLand_iI_uAcre_c20231031__us-gaap--LeaseContractualTermAxis__custom--FirstAforementionedMember__us-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis__custom--UnprovedPropertyLeaseMember_zMHPabJrKXc9" title="Area of land">8,417</span> acres, was amended on May 27, 2022 to provide for an extension of then-current force majeure status for an additional, uncontested twelve months, during which the Company would be released from having to evidence to the lessor the existence of force majeure conditions. As consideration for the granting of the lease extension, the Company paid the lessor a one-time, non-refundable payment of $<span id="xdx_908_ecustom--NonRefundablePayment_iI_c20221031__us-gaap--LeaseContractualTermAxis__custom--FirstAforementionedMember__us-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis__custom--UnprovedPropertyLeaseMember_zdICqj1Aruy3" title="Non refundable payment">252,512</span>; this amount was capitalized and reflected in the balance of the oil and gas property as of October 31, 2022. The extension period commenced on June 19, 2022; as of October 31, 2023, the “force majeure” status has been extinguished by the drilling of the HV-1 well, and the validity of the lease is maintained by the drilling of the well, which is in production testing.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The second lease covers <span id="xdx_90E_eus-gaap--AreaOfLand_iI_uAcre_c20231031__us-gaap--LeaseContractualTermAxis__custom--SecondAforementionedMember__us-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis__custom--UnprovedPropertyLeaseMember_zRRtMPQYCuXk" title="Area of land">160</span> acres of the South Salinas Project; it is currently held by delay rental and is renewed every three years. Until drilling commences, the Company is required to make delay rental payments of $<span id="xdx_906_ecustom--DelayRentalPayments_iI_uAcre_c20231031__us-gaap--LeaseContractualTermAxis__custom--SecondAforementionedMember__us-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis__custom--UnprovedPropertyLeaseMember_zqILJQIdxRig" title="Delay rental payments">30</span>/acre per year. The Company is currently in compliance with this requirement and has paid in advance the delay rental payment for the period from October 2022 through October 2023.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">During February and March of 2023, the Company entered into additional leases related to the unproved properties of the South Salinas Project with two groups of lessors. The first group of leases covers <span id="xdx_90F_eus-gaap--AreaOfLand_iI_uAcre_c20230331__us-gaap--LeaseContractualTermAxis__custom--FirstGroupMember__us-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis__custom--UnprovedPropertyLeaseMember_zNaRd7uh7TXg" title="Area of land"><span id="xdx_90D_eus-gaap--AreaOfLand_iI_uAcre_c20230228__us-gaap--LeaseContractualTermAxis__custom--FirstGroupMember__us-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis__custom--UnprovedPropertyLeaseMember_zcEdQsATckO3" title="Area of land">360</span></span> acres and has a term of <span id="xdx_90D_eus-gaap--LessorOperatingLeaseRenewalTerm_iI_dtYp_c20230331__us-gaap--LeaseContractualTermAxis__custom--SecondGroupMember__us-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis__custom--UnprovedPropertyLeaseMember_zVa5zwQrtGn7" title="Lease, term"><span id="xdx_903_eus-gaap--LessorOperatingLeaseRenewalTerm_iI_dtYp_c20230228__us-gaap--LeaseContractualTermAxis__custom--SecondGroupMember__us-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis__custom--UnprovedPropertyLeaseMember_zMTbkisYV4l6" title="Lease, term">20</span></span> years; the Company is required to make rental payments of $<span id="xdx_908_ecustom--DelayRentalPayments_iI_uAcre_c20230331__us-gaap--LeaseContractualTermAxis__custom--FirstGroupMember__us-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis__custom--UnprovedPropertyLeaseMember_zyQMs17WmIWi" title="Delay rental payments"><span id="xdx_90D_ecustom--DelayRentalPayments_iI_uAcre_c20230228__us-gaap--LeaseContractualTermAxis__custom--FirstGroupMember__us-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis__custom--UnprovedPropertyLeaseMember_zhN0uyRa2XL9" title="Delay rental payments">25</span></span>/acre per year. The Company is currently in compliance with this requirement and has paid in advance the rental payment for the period February 2023 through February 2024. The second group of leases covers <span id="xdx_90D_eus-gaap--AreaOfLand_iI_uAcre_c20230228__us-gaap--LeaseContractualTermAxis__custom--SecondGroupMember__us-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis__custom--UnprovedPropertyLeaseMember_zkxUI0T0n6P1" title="Area of land"><span id="xdx_90E_eus-gaap--AreaOfLand_iI_uAcre_c20230331__us-gaap--LeaseContractualTermAxis__custom--SecondGroupMember__us-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis__custom--UnprovedPropertyLeaseMember_zR2K3qQ9i6hc" title="Area of land">307.75</span></span> acres and has a term of <span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--LessorOperatingLeaseRenewalTerm_iI_dtYp_c20230228__us-gaap--LeaseContractualTermAxis__custom--SecondGroupMember__us-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis__custom--UnprovedPropertyLeaseMember_zV3sZ9HboAY6" title="Lease, term"><span id="xdx_90D_eus-gaap--LessorOperatingLeaseRenewalTerm_iI_dtYp_c20230331__us-gaap--LeaseContractualTermAxis__custom--SecondGroupMember__us-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis__custom--UnprovedPropertyLeaseMember_z23eDbVITXr9" title="Lease, term">20</span></span> years; the Company is required to make rental payments of $<span id="xdx_90C_ecustom--DelayRentalPayments_iI_uAcre_c20230228__us-gaap--LeaseContractualTermAxis__custom--SecondGroupMember__us-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis__custom--UnprovedPropertyLeaseMember_zL4Q1MVDoJ46" title="Delay rental payments"><span id="xdx_907_ecustom--DelayRentalPayments_iI_uAcre_c20230331__us-gaap--LeaseContractualTermAxis__custom--SecondGroupMember__us-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis__custom--UnprovedPropertyLeaseMember_zgjeUH4AHODk" title="Delay rental payments">30</span></span>/acre per year. The Company is currently in compliance with this requirement and has paid in advance the rental payment for the period from March 2023 through March 2024.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">As of October 31, 2023, the Company assessed the unproved properties of the South Salinas Project and those adjacent to it for impairment, analyzing future drilling plans, leasehold expiration and the existence of any known dry holes in the area. Management concluded there is no impairment allowance required as of the balance sheet date.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Board of Directors Compensation</i></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On July 11, 2022, the Company’s Board of Directors approved compensation for each of the non-employee directors of the Company, which would be effective upon the consummation of the IPO. Such compensation is structured as follows: an annual retainer of $<span id="xdx_90D_eus-gaap--EmployeeBenefitsAndShareBasedCompensation_c20220709__20220711__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__srt--DirectorMember_zEfWLudyEn04" title="Annual retainer">50,000</span> cash plus an additional $<span id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--EmployeeBenefitsAndShareBasedCompensation_c20220709__20220711__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--BoardCommitteeMember_zgxUGmF2vc6i" title="Annual retainer, additional">10,000</span> for each Board committee upon which the Director serves, each paid quarterly in arrears. Payment for this approved compensation commenced upon successful completion of the Company’s IPO and as of October 31, 2023, the Company has recognized $<span id="xdx_90B_ecustom--DirectorsFees_c20221101__20231031__us-gaap--SubsidiarySaleOfStockAxis__us-gaap--IPOMember_zdyHuDgfEDMg" title="Directors fees">156,154</span> in directors’ fees.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Agreements with Advisors</i></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On July 28, 2022, the Company entered into an agreement with Spartan Capital Securities, LLC (“Spartan”) whereby Spartan will serve as the exclusive agent, advisor or underwriter in any offering of securities of the Company for the term of the agreement, which is one year. The agreement provides for a $<span id="xdx_90C_ecustom--NonRefundablePayment_iI_c20220728__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--AdvisorsMember_zJXMzmZYeSlg" title="Non refundable payment">25,000</span> non-refundable advance upon execution of the agreement and completion of a bridge offering to be credited against the accountable expenses incurred by Spartan upon successful completion of the IPO, a <span id="xdx_906_ecustom--AgreementWithAdvisorsDescription_c20220727__20220728__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--AdvisorsMember_z4QyggbSXxci" title="Agreement with advisors, description">cash fee or an underwriter discount of 7.5% of the aggregate proceeds raised in the IPO, warrants to purchase a number of common shares equal to 5% of the aggregate number of common shares placed in the IPO, an expense allowance of up to $<span id="xdx_90C_eus-gaap--LegalFees_c20220727__20220728__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--AdvisorsMember_z2uzF3CXejV3" title="Legal cost">150,000</span> for fees and expenses of legal counsel and other out-of-pocket expenses and 1% of the gross proceeds of the IPO to Spartan for non-accountable expenses. The agreement also provides for an option to Spartan that is exercisable within 45 days after the closing of the IPO to purchase up to an additional 15% of the total number of securities offered by the Company in the IPO. For a period of 18 months following the July 28, 2023 expiration of the agreement, Spartan shall be entitled to receive the same 7.5% cash fee and 5% warrant coverage compensation under the “tail” terms of the agreement with respect to financing transactions the Company consummates with any party contacted or introduced by Spartan to the Company prior to the expiration of the Spartan agreement.</span></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On April 20, 2023, pursuant to the agreement above, the Company issued representative warrants to Spartan to purchase up to an aggregate of <span id="xdx_901_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues_c20230420__20230420__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--WarrantMember_z2OMUGeaxEL2">100,000</span> shares of common stock; these warrants may be exercised commencing from the closing of the Offering and expiring <span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--DebtInstrumentTerm_dc_c20230420__20230420__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--WarrantMember_zmRxoWHfeBRl">five years</span> from the effective date of the registration statement at an exercise price of $<span id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--SharePrice_iI_c20230420__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--WarrantMember_zurWaSoRjOW7">3.30</span> (<span id="xdx_90C_ecustom--PublicOfferingPricePercentage_pid_dp_uPure_c20230420__20230420__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--WarrantMember__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__us-gaap--IPOMember_zw5hWeLLJjja" title="Public offering price percentage">110</span>% of the public offering price of the common stock).</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Trio LLC - Monthly Consulting Fee</i></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Pursuant to the Fourth Amendment to the Trio LLC PSA, the Company agreed, retroactively commencing on May 1, 2022, to accrue a monthly consulting fee of $<span id="xdx_903_eus-gaap--InvestmentBankingAdvisoryBrokerageAndUnderwritingFeesAndCommissions_c20220501__20220501__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--TrioLLCMember_zngqt0BYuU39" title="Consulting fee">35,000</span>, due and payable by the Company to Trio LLC. This fee is intended to cover the work being done for the Company by Trio LLC’s employees prior to the closing date of the Company’s IPO. As of October 31, 2023, the Company has accrued and paid $<span id="xdx_90F_eus-gaap--AccruedProfessionalFeesCurrentAndNoncurrent_iI_c20231031__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--TrioLLCMember_zFycDxpR421l" title="Accrued interest expense">406,000</span> in fees for these services.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On May 1, 2023, the Company entered into six employment agreements with Trio LLC employees; the agreements provide for compensation and restricted shares pursuant to the Plan (see Note 10) with a start date of May 1, 2023, provided that each individual continues to serve as an employee of Trio LLC on a part-time basis.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> 8417 252512 160 30 360 360 P20Y P20Y 25 25 307.75 307.75 P20Y P20Y 30 30 50000 10000 156154 25000 cash fee or an underwriter discount of 7.5% of the aggregate proceeds raised in the IPO, warrants to purchase a number of common shares equal to 5% of the aggregate number of common shares placed in the IPO, an expense allowance of up to $150,000 for fees and expenses of legal counsel and other out-of-pocket expenses and 1% of the gross proceeds of the IPO to Spartan for non-accountable expenses. The agreement also provides for an option to Spartan that is exercisable within 45 days after the closing of the IPO to purchase up to an additional 15% of the total number of securities offered by the Company in the IPO. For a period of 18 months following the July 28, 2023 expiration of the agreement, Spartan shall be entitled to receive the same 7.5% cash fee and 5% warrant coverage compensation under the “tail” terms of the agreement with respect to financing transactions the Company consummates with any party contacted or introduced by Spartan to the Company prior to the expiration of the Spartan agreement. 150000 100000 P5Y 3.30 1.10 35000 406000 <p id="xdx_805_eus-gaap--IncomeTaxDisclosureTextBlock_z31hFHv6Q508" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>NOTE 8 - <span id="xdx_82E_zMenie0KuMd7">INCOME TAXES</span></b></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The Company accounts for income taxes under ASC 740-10, which provides for an asset and liability approach of accounting for income taxes. Under this approach, deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized based on anticipated future tax consequences, using currently enacted tax laws, attributed to temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts calculated for income tax purposes.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p id="xdx_89B_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfDeferredTaxAssetsAndLiabilitiesTableTextBlock_zLi5EegBMEwj" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Significant components of the Company’s deferred tax assets are summarized below.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> <span id="xdx_8BA_zeLoKzosl0S1" style="display: none">SCHEDULE OF DEFERRED TAX ASSETS</span></span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%"> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" id="xdx_493_20231031_zueldGDiA6l8" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">As of October 31,</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" id="xdx_49C_20221031_zmouszmRCr0l" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">As of October 31,</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">2023</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">2022</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: left">Deferred tax assets:</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr id="xdx_408_eus-gaap--DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwards_iI_maDTAGzbzC_zVmUlhJOoPQ3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="padding-left: 10pt; width: 60%; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Net operating loss carry forwards</td><td style="width: 2%; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; width: 16%; text-align: right">1,095,000</td><td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 2%; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; width: 16%; text-align: right">797,000</td><td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr id="xdx_40C_eus-gaap--DeferredTaxAssetsGross_iTI_mtDTAGzbzC_maDTANzE8j_zsZIZMyvvuqd" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: left">Total deferred tax asset</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">1,095,000</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">797,000</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr id="xdx_40E_eus-gaap--DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance_iNI_di_msDTANzE8j_zkphJxhVCtr9" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Valuation allowance</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">(1,095,000</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">(797,000</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">)</td></tr> <tr id="xdx_40E_eus-gaap--DeferredTaxAssetsNet_iTI_mtDTANzE8j_zk1F0OuOgOS6" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="display: none; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Deferred tax asset, net</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1053">-</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1054">-</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> </table> <p id="xdx_8A5_zLYl8nz8KYl5" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">As of October 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company had approximately $<span id="xdx_905_eus-gaap--OperatingLossCarryforwards_iI_c20231031_zZFWLZvrmOY1" title="Operating loss Carryforwards">1,095,000</span> and $<span id="xdx_90E_eus-gaap--OperatingLossCarryforwards_iI_c20221031_zf4VMjE1yhlj" title="Operating loss Carryforwards">797,000</span>, respectively, in net operating loss carry-forwards for federal and state income tax reporting (tax effected) purposes. As a result of the Tax Cuts Job Act 2017 (the “Act”), certain future carryforwards do not expire. The Company has not performed a formal analysis but believes its ability to use such net operating losses and tax credit carryforwards in the future is subject to annual limitations due to change of control provisions under Sections 382 and 383 of the Internal Revenue Code, which will significantly impact its ability to realize these deferred tax assets.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The Company recorded a valuation allowance in the full amount of its net deferred tax assets since realization of such tax benefits has been determined by the Company’s management to be less likely than not. The valuation allowance increased $<span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--ValuationAllowanceDeferredTaxAssetChangeInAmount_c20221101__20231031_zXzNoUNkoaJ" title="Valuation allowance deferred tax assets, Increase decrease">298,000</span> and $<span id="xdx_90F_eus-gaap--ValuationAllowanceDeferredTaxAssetChangeInAmount_c20211101__20221031_zSODhRepNUc2" title="Valuation allowance deferred tax assets, Increase decrease">776,000</span> during the years ended October 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p id="xdx_895_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfEffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationTableTextBlock_ztUUw6CBN843" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">A reconciliation of the statutory federal income tax benefit to actual tax benefit is as follows:</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> <span id="xdx_8BB_zRmHoDk2HaT4" style="display: none">SCHEDULE OF EFFECTIVE FEDERAL INCOME TAX RATE RECONCILIATION</span></span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%"> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" id="xdx_49D_20221101__20231031_z5TFpXInAU6a" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">As of October 31,</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" id="xdx_495_20211101__20221031_zMgu5s54tlFa" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">As of October 31,</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">2023</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">2022</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr id="xdx_407_eus-gaap--EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate_iN_pid_dpi_maTET_zocO7wrPbqad" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="width: 60%; text-align: left">Federal statutory blended income tax rates</td><td style="width: 2%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 16%; text-align: right">(21</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">)%</td><td style="width: 2%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 16%; text-align: right">(21</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">)%</td></tr> <tr id="xdx_40A_eus-gaap--EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationStateAndLocalIncomeTaxes_iN_pid_dpi_maTET_zkafElZlNJg" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: left">State statutory income tax rate, net of federal benefit</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1069">-</span></td><td style="text-align: left">%</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1070">-</span></td><td style="text-align: left">%</td></tr> <tr id="xdx_406_eus-gaap--EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationChangeInDeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance_iN_pid_dpi_maTET_zIv2xn3dCBPk" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Change in valuation allowance</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">21</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">%</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">21</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">%</td></tr> <tr id="xdx_402_eus-gaap--EffectiveIncomeTaxRateContinuingOperations_iT_pid_dp_mtTET_zVVX5tfktXy1" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt">Effective tax rate</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1075">-</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">%</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1076">-</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">%</td></tr> </table> <p id="xdx_8A7_zzFaNysPRwm5" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">As of the date of this filing, the Company has not filed its 2023 federal and state corporate income tax returns. The Company expects to file these documents as soon as practicable.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The Company has evaluated its income tax positions and has determined that it does not have any uncertain tax positions. The Company will recognize interest and penalties related to any uncertain tax positions through its income tax expense.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b> </b></span></p> <p id="xdx_89B_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfDeferredTaxAssetsAndLiabilitiesTableTextBlock_zLi5EegBMEwj" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Significant components of the Company’s deferred tax assets are summarized below.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> <span id="xdx_8BA_zeLoKzosl0S1" style="display: none">SCHEDULE OF DEFERRED TAX ASSETS</span></span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%"> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" id="xdx_493_20231031_zueldGDiA6l8" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">As of October 31,</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" id="xdx_49C_20221031_zmouszmRCr0l" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">As of October 31,</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">2023</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">2022</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: left">Deferred tax assets:</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr id="xdx_408_eus-gaap--DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwards_iI_maDTAGzbzC_zVmUlhJOoPQ3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="padding-left: 10pt; width: 60%; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Net operating loss carry forwards</td><td style="width: 2%; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; width: 16%; text-align: right">1,095,000</td><td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 2%; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; width: 16%; text-align: right">797,000</td><td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr id="xdx_40C_eus-gaap--DeferredTaxAssetsGross_iTI_mtDTAGzbzC_maDTANzE8j_zsZIZMyvvuqd" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: left">Total deferred tax asset</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">1,095,000</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">797,000</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr id="xdx_40E_eus-gaap--DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance_iNI_di_msDTANzE8j_zkphJxhVCtr9" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Valuation allowance</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">(1,095,000</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">(797,000</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">)</td></tr> <tr id="xdx_40E_eus-gaap--DeferredTaxAssetsNet_iTI_mtDTANzE8j_zk1F0OuOgOS6" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="display: none; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Deferred tax asset, net</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1053">-</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1054">-</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> </table> 1095000 797000 1095000 797000 1095000 797000 1095000 797000 298000 776000 <p id="xdx_895_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfEffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationTableTextBlock_ztUUw6CBN843" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">A reconciliation of the statutory federal income tax benefit to actual tax benefit is as follows:</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> <span id="xdx_8BB_zRmHoDk2HaT4" style="display: none">SCHEDULE OF EFFECTIVE FEDERAL INCOME TAX RATE RECONCILIATION</span></span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%"> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" id="xdx_49D_20221101__20231031_z5TFpXInAU6a" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">As of October 31,</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" id="xdx_495_20211101__20221031_zMgu5s54tlFa" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">As of October 31,</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">2023</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">2022</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr id="xdx_407_eus-gaap--EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate_iN_pid_dpi_maTET_zocO7wrPbqad" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="width: 60%; text-align: left">Federal statutory blended income tax rates</td><td style="width: 2%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 16%; text-align: right">(21</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">)%</td><td style="width: 2%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 16%; text-align: right">(21</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">)%</td></tr> <tr id="xdx_40A_eus-gaap--EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationStateAndLocalIncomeTaxes_iN_pid_dpi_maTET_zkafElZlNJg" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: left">State statutory income tax rate, net of federal benefit</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1069">-</span></td><td style="text-align: left">%</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1070">-</span></td><td style="text-align: left">%</td></tr> <tr id="xdx_406_eus-gaap--EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationChangeInDeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance_iN_pid_dpi_maTET_zIv2xn3dCBPk" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Change in valuation allowance</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">21</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">%</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">21</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">%</td></tr> <tr id="xdx_402_eus-gaap--EffectiveIncomeTaxRateContinuingOperations_iT_pid_dp_mtTET_zVVX5tfktXy1" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt">Effective tax rate</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1075">-</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">%</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1076">-</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">%</td></tr> </table> 0.21 0.21 -0.21 -0.21 <p id="xdx_806_eus-gaap--DebtDisclosureTextBlock_zTNX2DyGL4eg" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>NOTE 9 - <span id="xdx_82D_zy6PLD6hDYdh">NOTES PAYABLE</span></b></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p id="xdx_89A_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfDebtTableTextBlock_z3vsygKrGcdj" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Notes payable as of October 31, 2023 and 2022 consisted of the following:</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">  <span id="xdx_8BB_zgHFR2k9epcf" style="display: none">SCHEDULE OF NOTES PAYABLE</span></span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td colspan="2" id="xdx_49A_20231031_z52UUJ8qgiaf" style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>As of October 31,</b></span></p></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td colspan="2" id="xdx_496_20221031_zz2HAxTbjhkh" style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>As of October 31,</b></span></p></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td></tr> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b> </b></span></td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>2023</b></span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b> </b></span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b> </b></span></td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>2022</b></span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b> </b></span></td></tr> <tr id="xdx_40C_eus-gaap--NotesPayable_iI_hus-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__us-gaap--RelatedPartyMember_zOeNX7mgw1x8" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 60%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Notes payable - related party, net of discounts</span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 16%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1082">-</span></span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 16%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1,025,497</span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td></tr> <tr id="xdx_407_eus-gaap--NotesPayable_iI_hsrt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--InvestorsMember_zg5WRKgk28T8" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Notes payable - investors, net of discounts</span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1085">-</span></span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">4,137,720</span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td></tr> <tr id="xdx_401_eus-gaap--NotesPayable_iI_hus-gaap--ShortTermDebtTypeAxis__us-gaap--BridgeLoanMember_z4ocFOHA5KU6" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Bridge note, net of discounts</span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1088">-</span></span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">265,719</span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td></tr> <tr id="xdx_40A_eus-gaap--ConvertibleNotesPayableCurrent_iI_zwBDs6GeW0C2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Convertible note, net of discounts</span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1,217,597</span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1092">-</span></span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td></tr> <tr id="xdx_408_eus-gaap--NotesPayable_iI_zts7SHjnAukf" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Total Notes payable</span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="border-bottom: black 2.25pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td> <td style="border-bottom: black 2.25pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1,217,597</span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="border-bottom: black 2.25pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td> <td style="border-bottom: black 2.25pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">5,428,936</span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td></tr> </table> <p id="xdx_8A1_zryR3WaTvID3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Notes Payable - Related Party</i></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On September 14, 2021, the Company entered into a note payable with Trio LLC as part of the agreement for the purchase of an <span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--BusinessAcquisitionPercentageOfVotingInterestsAcquired_iI_pid_dp_uPure_c20210914__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--PurchaseAndSaleAgreementMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--TrioLLCMember__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__us-gaap--RelatedPartyMember__us-gaap--BusinessAcquisitionAxis__custom--SouthSalinasProjectMember_zlM1Upu2EYMe">82.75</span>% working interest in the South Salinas Project (see Note 1). Per the Third Amendment signed on May 27, 2022, a portion of a previous payment made to Trio LLC was used to fund a lease extension payment to a third-party; as the payment previously made was to be used for other expenditures, the amount used to fund the lease extension was added to the remaining amount due to Trio LLC, increasing it from $<span id="xdx_90C_eus-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionAmountsOfTransaction_c20220526__20220527__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--TrioLLCMember__srt--RangeAxis__srt--MinimumMember__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__us-gaap--RelatedPartyMember_zDHvKhqQMKBd">780,000</span> to $<span id="xdx_90E_eus-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionAmountsOfTransaction_c20220526__20220527__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--TrioLLCMember__srt--RangeAxis__srt--MaximumMember__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__us-gaap--RelatedPartyMember_zyb0Q84QmNt6">1,032,512</span>. Per an extension to the Fourth Amendment to the Trio LLC PSA, the Company made the final payment of $<span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionAmountsOfTransaction_c20220526__20220527__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--TrioLLCMember__us-gaap--SubsidiarySaleOfStockAxis__us-gaap--IPOMember__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__us-gaap--RelatedPartyMember_z40pk68j3Wfe">1,032,512</span> upon the consummation of the IPO. As of October 31, 2023 and 2022, the balance of the note payable was $<span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--NotesPayableCurrent_iI_dxL_c20231031__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__us-gaap--RelatedPartyMember_zTEe4qorOZsb" title="Notes payable current::XDX::-"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1101">0</span></span> and $<span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--NotesPayableCurrent_iI_c20221031__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__us-gaap--RelatedPartyMember_zB3NKNfzx997" title="Notes payable current">1,025,497</span>, respectively, with interest expense recognized of $<span id="xdx_907_eus-gaap--InterestExpense_c20221101__20231031__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__us-gaap--RelatedPartyMember_ztaGCh2noIC6" title="Interest expense">7,015</span> and $<span id="xdx_907_eus-gaap--InterestExpense_c20211101__20221031__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__us-gaap--RelatedPartyMember_z1cj9Eur8Lof" title="Interest expense">120,337</span> for the years ended October 31, 2023, respectively. Total payments made on the note payable for years ended October 31, 2023 and 2022 were $<span id="xdx_907_eus-gaap--OtherNotesPayableCurrent_iI_c20231031__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__us-gaap--RelatedPartyMember_znJoz7b8kFV7" title="Notes payable current">1,032,512</span> and $<span id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--OtherNotesPayableCurrent_iI_c20221031__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__us-gaap--RelatedPartyMember_zzoqEgHLpQ06" title="Notes payable current">2,920,000</span>, respectively.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Notes Payable - Investors (January 2022 SPA)</i></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On January 28, 2022, the Company entered into the January 2022 SPA with GPL, pursuant to which (i) in exchange for $<span id="xdx_905_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationConsiderationTransferred1_c20220126__20220128__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--InvestorsMember_z7f7R56zLYE4" title="Notes payable consideration">4,500,000</span> in consideration, the Company issued senior secured convertible promissory notes (the “January 2022 Notes”) with an aggregate principal amount of $<span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--DebtInstrumentFaceAmount_iI_c20220128__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--InvestorsMember__us-gaap--DebtInstrumentAxis__custom--JanuaryTwoThousandAndTwentyTwoNotesMember_zBMiK4IWFwph" title="Debt instrument, principal amount">4,500,000</span> (ii) the Company issued warrants to purchase up to <span id="xdx_907_ecustom--IssuanceOfWarrantsToPurchaseRate_pid_dp_uPure_c20220126__20220128__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--InvestorsMember_zOKbP4bLpN77" title="Issued warrants to purchase, rate">50</span>% of the number of shares of Common Stock issued upon the full conversion of the January 2022 Notes, and (iii) conditional upon a successful IPO, the Company agreed to issue commitment shares (“Commitment Shares”) to the investors (“GPL Investors”) upon the date of the Company’s IPO. The Notes were collateralized with a security interest in the oil and gas properties, which was to be perfected by April 28, 2022. In the event the collateral was not perfected by April 28, 2022, the Company was required to deliver <span id="xdx_90B_ecustom--DebtInstrumentCollateralShares_c20220126__20220128__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--InvestorsMember_zZKfxS4TU728" title="Debt instrument, collateral">4,500,000</span> shares (“Default Shares”) to the investors. The Default Shares were initially held in escrow until the earlier of a) the granting and perfection of the security interest, b) the conversion of the January 2022 Notes upon the IPO or c) April 28, 2022. As the Company failed to perfect the security interest and no IPO occurred by April 28, 2022, the Default Shares were delivered to the investors on April 28, 2022. The shares were issued at a fair value of $<span id="xdx_90F_eus-gaap--SharesIssuedPricePerShare_iI_c20220128__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--InvestorsMember_zXeMiSLU8kr" title="Shares issued, price per share">0.29</span> per share for an aggregate value of $<span id="xdx_901_eus-gaap--DebtInstrumentFairValue_iI_c20220128__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--InvestorsMember_z4PCnKnaX0kg" title="Debt instrument, aggregate value">1,322,933</span>, and this amount was recognized as penalty fees related to debt on the income statement.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The January 2022 Notes have a maturity date on the earlier of April 30, 2023 (such maturity date being extended initially from January 28, 2023 pursuant to the amendment to the January 2022 Notes signed on January 23, 2023 and again from February 28, 2023 pursuant to the second amendment to the January 2022 Notes signed on February 23, 2023) or the IPO and bear interest at a rate of <span id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--DebtInstrumentInterestRateEffectivePercentage_iI_pid_dp_uPure_c20220128__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--InvestorsMember_zrAembNIJpl8" title="Debt instrument, interest rate">8</span>% per annum, which is to be accrued and paid on the maturity date. Because the Company’s IPO did not occur by August 1, 2022 and the Company did not default on the January 2022 Notes, the interest percentage increased to <span id="xdx_905_eus-gaap--DebtInstrumentInterestRateEffectivePercentage_iI_dp_uPure_c20220128__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--InvestorsMember__srt--RangeAxis__srt--MaximumMember_zgipqA688eEb" title="Debt instrument, interest rate">15</span>% per annum. The principal and interest payable on the January 2022 Notes will automatically convert into shares upon the IPO. The conversion price is the lesser of <span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--DebtConversionDescription_c20220126__20220128__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--InvestorsMember__us-gaap--SubsidiarySaleOfStockAxis__us-gaap--IPOMember_zZhU5K4YsOTj" title="Conversion price, description">i) the IPO price multiplied by the discount of 50% or ii) the opening price of the shares of Common Stock on the trading day following the date of the consummation of the IPO multiplied by the discount of 50%.</span> The number of conversion shares is the outstanding principal amount divided by the conversion price. Upon the consummation of the IPO, the debt will convert into a fixed dollar amount of $<span id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--DebtConversionConvertedInstrumentAmount1_c20220126__20220128__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--InvestorsMember_zYNzTM5fUL51" title="Debt converted, value">9,000,000</span> of a variable number of shares.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Upon consummation of its IPO, the Company converted the aggregate outstanding principal and accrued interest balances of $<span id="xdx_90E_eus-gaap--DebtInstrumentPeriodicPaymentPrincipal_c20220126__20220128__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--InvestorsMember__us-gaap--SubsidiarySaleOfStockAxis__us-gaap--IPOMember_zHN5FPpK3cRh" title="Debt instrument, periodic payment principal">4,500,000</span> and $<span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--DebtInstrumentPeriodicPaymentInterest_c20220126__20220128__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--InvestorsMember__us-gaap--SubsidiarySaleOfStockAxis__us-gaap--IPOMember_zbOSi3y5NT8j" title="Debt instrument, payment interest">664,875</span>, respectively, into <span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesConversionOfConvertibleSecurities_pid_c20220126__20220128__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--InvestorsMember__us-gaap--SubsidiarySaleOfStockAxis__us-gaap--IPOMember_z0jCxUB1CWEb" title="Issuance of conversion, shares">5,038,902</span> shares of common stock; the number of conversion shares was calculated by dividing the aggregate balance of $<span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueConversionOfConvertibleSecurities_pid_c20220126__20220128__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--InvestorsMember__us-gaap--SubsidiarySaleOfStockAxis__us-gaap--IPOMember_zzgjNN8QGsY3" title="Issuance of conversion, value">5,164,875</span> by the opening trading price of its common stock on April 19, 2023 of $<span id="xdx_90E_eus-gaap--DebtInstrumentConvertibleConversionPrice1_iI_c20220128__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--InvestorsMember__us-gaap--SubsidiarySaleOfStockAxis__us-gaap--IPOMember_z9xBCpISKKx2" title="Conversion, per share">2.05</span>, with a discount applied of 50%. The Company also issued <span id="xdx_90A_ecustom--StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesIssuanceOfCommitmentSharesRelatedToTheSPAShares_pid_c20220126__20220128__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--InvestorsMember__us-gaap--SubsidiarySaleOfStockAxis__us-gaap--IPOMember_ziRqrVSKqV85" title="Issuance of commitment shares">375,000</span> commitment shares, the number of which was calculated by taking 25% of the outstanding principal balance of $<span id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--DebtInstrumentFaceAmount_iI_c20220128__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--InvestorsMember__us-gaap--SubsidiarySaleOfStockAxis__us-gaap--IPOMember_zXgBEcZKZkMf" title="Debt instrument, outstanding amount">4,500,000</span> and dividing it by the IPO price of $<span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--SharesIssuedPricePerShare_iI_c20220128__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--InvestorsMember__us-gaap--SubsidiarySaleOfStockAxis__us-gaap--IPOMember_za2AssyT0By7" title="Shares issued price per share">3.00</span> per share, with the expense for issuing the commitment shares being recognized as a loss on the income statement as of April 30, 2023. As of October 31, 2023 and 2022, the balance of the Notes payable was $<span id="xdx_901_eus-gaap--NotesPayable_iI_c20231031__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--InvestorsMember__us-gaap--SubsidiarySaleOfStockAxis__us-gaap--IPOMember_zZK0G1C3qGkg" title="Notes payable">0</span> and $<span id="xdx_90F_eus-gaap--NotesPayable_iI_c20221031__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--InvestorsMember__us-gaap--SubsidiarySaleOfStockAxis__us-gaap--IPOMember_zI4JDTKey4fb" title="Notes payable">4,137,720</span>, with interest expense of $<span id="xdx_90C_eus-gaap--InterestExpense_c20221101__20231031__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--InvestorsMember__us-gaap--SubsidiarySaleOfStockAxis__us-gaap--IPOMember_z5GEey9T5ku6" title="Interest expense">674,405</span> and $<span id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--InterestExpense_c20211101__20221031__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--InvestorsMember__us-gaap--SubsidiarySaleOfStockAxis__us-gaap--IPOMember_zwkwTMeITEuh" title="Interest expense">1,136,811</span> for the years ended October 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Bridge Note</i></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">During September 2022, the Company entered into an agreement or bridge note (“Bridge Note”) with three investors; the Bridge Note includes original issue discount senior notes (“Notes”) with gross proceeds of $<span id="xdx_903_eus-gaap--ProceedsFromNotesPayable_c20220901__20220930__us-gaap--ShortTermDebtTypeAxis__us-gaap--BridgeLoanMember_z6sIw86nRdL8" title="Gross proceeds">444,000</span>, a <span id="xdx_90E_ecustom--DebtInstrumentOriginalIssueDiscountPercentage_iI_pid_dp_uPure_c20220930__us-gaap--ShortTermDebtTypeAxis__us-gaap--BridgeLoanMember_zaENQYT7pef4" title="Original issue discount, rate">10</span>% Original Issue Discount (“OID”) of $<span id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--DebtInstrumentUnamortizedDiscount_iI_c20220930__us-gaap--ShortTermDebtTypeAxis__us-gaap--BridgeLoanMember_zbP20ADEQKpd" title="Original issue discount">44,000</span> and debt issuance costs of $<span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--PaymentsOfDebtIssuanceCosts_c20220901__20220930__us-gaap--ShortTermDebtTypeAxis__us-gaap--BridgeLoanMember_zNzCq4v4dw12" title="Debt issuance costs">70,438</span>, for net proceeds of $<span id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--ProceedsFromIssuanceOfDebt_c20220901__20220930__us-gaap--ShortTermDebtTypeAxis__us-gaap--BridgeLoanMember_zwWYs9YImYBd" title="Net proceeds">329,562</span> to the Company. The Bridge Note included pre-funded warrants that permit the investors to purchase a number of shares of the Company’s common stock (equal to <span id="xdx_907_eus-gaap--DebtInstrumentInterestRateEffectivePercentage_iI_pid_dp_uPure_c20220930__us-gaap--ShortTermDebtTypeAxis__us-gaap--BridgeLoanMember_zqvPFpyDrRk7" title="Original principal amount rate">100</span>% of the original principal amount of the Notes), which can be exercised from the date of the warrant agreement to five years from the date of the Company’s IPO at an exercise price of $<span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--SharePrice_iI_c20220930__us-gaap--ShortTermDebtTypeAxis__us-gaap--BridgeLoanMember_zbMPtocEY145" title="Share price">0.01</span>. The Notes had a maturity date of the earlier of i) April 30, 2023 or ii) the completion of the IPO. The Notes bore interest at <span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--DebtInstrumentInterestRateEffectivePercentage_iI_pid_dp_uPure_c20220930__us-gaap--ShortTermDebtTypeAxis__us-gaap--BridgeLoanMember__us-gaap--SubsidiarySaleOfStockAxis__us-gaap--IPOMember_z2ZkX6MmvU04" title="Interest percentage">8</span>% per annum, which would waived if the Company completed a successful IPO within 90 days of the closing of financing; in the event of default, the interest percentage would increase to <span id="xdx_90D_eus-gaap--DebtInstrumentInterestRateEffectivePercentage_iI_pid_dp_uPure_c20220930__us-gaap--ShortTermDebtTypeAxis__us-gaap--BridgeLoanMember__srt--RangeAxis__srt--MaximumMember_zpoDreh452Uh" title="Interest percentage">15</span>% per annum.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The Company also issued pre-funded warrants in connection with the Bridge Note to purchase a number of shares equal to the number of dollars of the Notes, or <span id="xdx_90C_eus-gaap--ClassOfWarrantOrRightOutstanding_iI_c20220930__us-gaap--ShortTermDebtTypeAxis__us-gaap--BridgeLoanMember_zzmngnR2qVw7" title="Issuance, prefunded warrant">400,000</span>, at an exercise price of $<span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--ClassOfWarrantOrRightExercisePriceOfWarrantsOrRights1_iI_c20220930__us-gaap--ShortTermDebtTypeAxis__us-gaap--BridgeLoanMember_z4ZgCVs6qSQ5" title="Warrant, exercise price">0.01</span> per share; the Company determined the warrants are equity classified and can be exercised at any time from the date of the warrant agreement to five years from the date of the completion of the IPO. The Company also incurred debt issuance costs of $<span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--PaymentsOfDebtIssuanceCosts_c20220901__20220930__us-gaap--ShortTermDebtTypeAxis__us-gaap--BridgeLoanMember_zKMxVbZST1ck" title="Debt issuance cost">70,438</span> in connection with the issuance of the Notes and warrants. The values of the OID, warrants and debt issuance costs are recorded as debt discounts and amortized over the life of the Notes as interest expense.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Upon consummation of its IPO, the Company repaid the Bridge Note in the amount of $<span id="xdx_905_eus-gaap--RepaymentsOfDebt_c20220901__20220930__us-gaap--ShortTermDebtTypeAxis__us-gaap--BridgeLoanMember_zFkej0WKSJK3" title="Debt amount, repaid">440,000</span> and interest was waived by the investors. As of October 31, 2023 and 2022, the balance of the Bridge Note (which is included within the Notes payable - investors, net of discounts line item on the balance sheet) is $<span id="xdx_90F_eus-gaap--NotesPayable_iI_c20231031__us-gaap--ShortTermDebtTypeAxis__us-gaap--BridgeLoanMember__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--InvestorsMember_zRwQARwgtie7" title="Notes payable">0</span> and $<span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--NotesPayable_iI_c20221031__us-gaap--ShortTermDebtTypeAxis__us-gaap--BridgeLoanMember__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--InvestorsMember_zBazMnLUOmV2" title="Notes payable">265,719</span>, respectively, with interest expense of $<span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--InterestExpense_c20221101__20231031__us-gaap--ShortTermDebtTypeAxis__us-gaap--BridgeLoanMember_zu8rYGAgjoml" title="Interest expense">174,281</span> and $<span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--InterestExpense_c20211101__20221031__us-gaap--ShortTermDebtTypeAxis__us-gaap--BridgeLoanMember_zXA7qy4nn7R7" title="Interest expense">51,040</span> for the years ended October 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Convertible note - investors (October 2023 SPA)</i></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i> </i></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On October 4, 2023, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement (the “October 2023 SPA”) with an investor; the October 2023 SPA provides for loans in an aggregate principal amount of up to $<span id="xdx_90D_eus-gaap--DebtInstrumentFaceAmount_iI_pn5n6_c20231004__us-gaap--ShortTermDebtTypeAxis__us-gaap--ConvertibleNotesPayableMember__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--OctoberTwoThousandTwentyThreeSPAMember_z5likAVjVQWf" title="Aggregate principal amount">3.5</span> million under two tranches, with first and second tranche fund amounts of $<span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--ProceedsFromConvertibleDebt_pn5n6_c20231004__20231004__us-gaap--ShortTermDebtTypeAxis__us-gaap--ConvertibleNotesPayableMember__us-gaap--DebtInstrumentAxis__custom--FirstTrancheMember__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--OctoberTwoThousandTwentyThreeSPAMember_zqM0hbcFGIzc" title="Proceeds from convertible debt">2.0</span> million and $<span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--ProceedsFromConvertibleDebt_pn5n6_c20231004__20231004__us-gaap--ShortTermDebtTypeAxis__us-gaap--ConvertibleNotesPayableMember__us-gaap--DebtInstrumentAxis__custom--SecondTrancheMember__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--OctoberTwoThousandTwentyThreeSPAMember_zCE3cYQ7xlDk" title="Proceeds from convertible debt">1.5</span> million, respectively. The first tranche will be immediately funded upon closing and the second tranche will be funded after the Company provides written confirmation to the investor and subject to the mutual consent of the investor and the Company that (i) stockholder approval of the transactions has been obtained for the purpose of complying with the NYSE/NYSE American Rules; (ii) that a resale Registration Statement on Form S-1 (the “Resale Registration Statement”) has been declared effective by the SEC for the registration of the shares of Common Stock issuable upon conversion of the Note and the Warrant and (iii) there is no Event of Default (as defined in the October 2023 SPA that has occurred or will occur as a result of such additional funding and in full force and effect).</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b> </b></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b></b></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b> </b></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In consideration for the investor’s funding of the first tranche, the Company issued and sold to the investor, in a private placement, i) a senior secured convertible promissory note in the aggregate principal amount of $<span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--DebtInstrumentFaceAmount_iI_c20231004__us-gaap--ShortTermDebtTypeAxis__custom--SeniorSecuredConvertiblePromissoryNoteMember__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--OctoberTwoThousandTwentyThreeSPAMember_zFNNcf9GOSCe" title="Aggregate principal amount">2,000,000</span> (the “Note”) and ii) a warrant to purchase up to <span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--ClassOfWarrantOrRightOutstanding_iI_c20231004__us-gaap--ShortTermDebtTypeAxis__custom--SeniorSecuredConvertiblePromissoryNoteMember__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--OctoberTwoThousandTwentyThreeSPAMember_z5LCrifcrxe7" title="Warrants to purchase">866,702</span> shares of Common Stock at an initial exercise price of $<span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--ClassOfWarrantOrRightExercisePriceOfWarrantsOrRights1_iI_c20231004__us-gaap--ShortTermDebtTypeAxis__custom--SeniorSecuredConvertiblePromissoryNoteMember__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--OctoberTwoThousandTwentyThreeSPAMember_zHz5XpN4YA22" title="Warrants to exercise price">1.20</span> per share of Common Stock, subject to certain adjustments (the “Common Warrant”). The Note is initially convertible into shares of Common Stock at conversion price of $<span id="xdx_907_eus-gaap--DebtInstrumentConvertibleConversionPrice1_iI_c20231004__us-gaap--ShortTermDebtTypeAxis__custom--SeniorSecuredConvertiblePromissoryNoteMember__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--OctoberTwoThousandTwentyThreeSPAMember_zNMF8Ia6osll" title="Conversion price">1.20</span>, subject to certain adjustments (the “Conversion Price”), provided that the Conversion Price shall not be reduced below $<span id="xdx_90F_ecustom--DebtInstrumentFloorPrice_iI_c20231004__us-gaap--ShortTermDebtTypeAxis__custom--SeniorSecuredConvertiblePromissoryNoteMember__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--OctoberTwoThousandTwentyThreeSPAMember_zPSDUmfeT5wc" title="Floor price">0.35</span> (the “Floor Price”). The Note does not bear any interest and matures on April 4, 2025.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Upon the initial funding on October 4, 2023, the Company recorded gross proceeds of approximately $<span id="xdx_90F_eus-gaap--ProceedsFromConvertibleDebt_pn5n6_c20231004__20231004__us-gaap--ShortTermDebtTypeAxis__us-gaap--ConvertibleNotesPayableMember__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--OctoberTwoThousandTwentyThreeSPAMember_zUiXCKydYi0b" title="Proceeds from convertible debt">2.0</span> million, a <span id="xdx_900_ecustom--DebtInstrumentOriginalIssueDiscountPercentage_iI_pid_dp_uPure_c20231004__us-gaap--ShortTermDebtTypeAxis__us-gaap--ConvertibleNotesPayableMember__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--OctoberTwoThousandTwentyThreeSPAMember_zQToXlgoYczf" title="Original issue discount, rate">7</span>% original issue discount of $<span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--DebtInstrumentUnamortizedDiscount_iI_c20231004__us-gaap--ShortTermDebtTypeAxis__us-gaap--ConvertibleNotesPayableMember__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--OctoberTwoThousandTwentyThreeSPAMember_zouFuza8ZN4g" title="Original issue discount">140,000</span> and debt issuance costs of $<span id="xdx_901_eus-gaap--PaymentsOfDebtIssuanceCosts_c20231004__20231004__us-gaap--ShortTermDebtTypeAxis__us-gaap--ConvertibleNotesPayableMember__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--OctoberTwoThousandTwentyThreeSPAMember_zD9qxJSaW1gj" title="Debt issuance costs">350,320</span>, for net proceeds of approximately $<span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--ProceedsFromIssuanceOfDebt_pn5n6_c20231004__20231004__us-gaap--ShortTermDebtTypeAxis__us-gaap--ConvertibleNotesPayableMember__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--OctoberTwoThousandTwentyThreeSPAMember_zB6dN0FCezWa" title="Net proceeds">1.5</span> million. The Company also issued a warrant to purchase up to <span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--ClassOfWarrantOrRightOutstanding_iI_c20231004__us-gaap--ShortTermDebtTypeAxis__custom--SeniorSecuredConvertiblePromissoryNoteMember__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--OctoberTwoThousandTwentyThreeSPAMember_zgZC7RCiRYI8" title="Warrants to purchase">866,702</span> shares of common stock with an aggregate relative fair value of $<span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--WarrantsNotSettleableInCashFairValueDisclosure_iI_c20231004__us-gaap--ShortTermDebtTypeAxis__custom--SeniorSecuredConvertiblePromissoryNoteMember__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--OctoberTwoThousandTwentyThreeSPAMember_z9XsYZfiH2Ii" title="Aggregate relative fair value">332,630</span>; the factors used to determine fair value were a share price of $<span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--SharePrice_iI_c20231004__us-gaap--ShortTermDebtTypeAxis__us-gaap--ConvertibleNotesPayableMember__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--OctoberTwoThousandTwentyThreeSPAMember__us-gaap--MeasurementInputTypeAxis__us-gaap--MeasurementInputSharePriceMember_zC5qnmhYzY9i" title="Share price">0.55</span>, an exercise price of $<span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExercisePrice_iI_c20231004__us-gaap--ShortTermDebtTypeAxis__us-gaap--ConvertibleNotesPayableMember__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--OctoberTwoThousandTwentyThreeSPAMember__us-gaap--MeasurementInputTypeAxis__us-gaap--MeasurementInputExercisePriceMember_ziLY5DDLnVgd" title="Exercise price">1.20</span>, an expected term of <span id="xdx_907_eus-gaap--SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedTerm1_dtY_c20231004__20231004__us-gaap--ShortTermDebtTypeAxis__us-gaap--ConvertibleNotesPayableMember__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--OctoberTwoThousandTwentyThreeSPAMember__us-gaap--MeasurementInputTypeAxis__us-gaap--MeasurementInputExpectedTermMember_zAX8fByI7kRd" title="Expected term">5</span> years, annualized volatility of <span id="xdx_90D_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedVolatilityRate_pid_dp_uPure_c20231004__20231004__us-gaap--ShortTermDebtTypeAxis__us-gaap--ConvertibleNotesPayableMember__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--OctoberTwoThousandTwentyThreeSPAMember__us-gaap--MeasurementInputTypeAxis__us-gaap--MeasurementInputOptionVolatilityMember_zDX3Z1cWzQrg" title="Expected volatility rate">137.10</span>%, a dividend rate of <span id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedDividendRate_pid_dcp_uPure_c20231004__20231004__us-gaap--ShortTermDebtTypeAxis__us-gaap--ConvertibleNotesPayableMember__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--OctoberTwoThousandTwentyThreeSPAMember__us-gaap--MeasurementInputTypeAxis__us-gaap--MeasurementInputExpectedDividendRateMember_z2PEhqJ6MpG6" title="Expected dividend rate">zero</span> percent and a discount rate of <span id="xdx_90C_eus-gaap--DebtInstrumentMeasurementInput_iI_pid_dp_uPure_c20231004__us-gaap--ShortTermDebtTypeAxis__us-gaap--ConvertibleNotesPayableMember__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--OctoberTwoThousandTwentyThreeSPAMember__us-gaap--MeasurementInputTypeAxis__us-gaap--MeasurementInputDiscountRateMember_zn6IlWd2X5Yg" title="Discount rate">4.72</span>%.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Commencing on the earlier of (i) the day that is the four months after October 4, 2023 and (ii) the date on which the first Resale Registration Statement shall have been declared effective by the SEC, the Company is required to pay to the investor the outstanding principal balance under the Note in monthly installments, on such date and each one (1) month anniversary thereof, in an amount equal to <span id="xdx_900_ecustom--PercentageOfTotalPrincipalAmount_iI_pid_dp_uPure_c20231004__us-gaap--ShortTermDebtTypeAxis__us-gaap--ConvertibleNotesPayableMember__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--OctoberTwoThousandTwentyThreeSPAMember_zCaSX5smHS2b" title="Percentage of total principal amount">103</span>% of the total principal amount multiplied by the quotient determined by dividing one by the number of months remaining until the maturity date of the Note, until the outstanding principal amount has been paid in full or, if earlier, upon acceleration, conversion or redemption of the Note in accordance with its terms. All monthly payments are payable by the Company, in cash, provided that under certain circumstances, as provided in the Note, the Company may elect to pay in shares of Common Stock.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">As collateral for the obligations under the October 2023 SPA, the Company has granted to the investor a senior security interest in all of the Company’s assets (inclusive of intellectual property), subject to certain exceptions, as set forth in the Security Agreement (as defined in the October 2023 SPA). The Company has also entered into a Mortgage, Deed of Trust, Assignment of Production, Security Agreement and Financing Statement (the “Deed of Trust”) with the Investor granting to the Investor a security interest in certain oil and gas interests held by the Company in California (the “Deed of Trust”).</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In connection with the October 2023 SPA, on October 4, 2023, the Company entered into voting agreements (collectively, the “Voting Agreements”) with certain Company stockholders, directors and officers, representing any aggregate of <span id="xdx_904_ecustom--NumberOfSharesAsPerVotingAgreements_iI_c20231004__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--VotingAgreementsMember_zRdZr29gWR9c" title="Number of shares as per voting agreements">4,025,000</span> shares of Common Stock, including Frank Ingriselli, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer, and a certain entity affiliated with Mr. Ingriselli. Pursuant to the Voting Agreements, each stockholder party thereto has agreed to vote its shares of Common Stock to approve the issuance of the securities under the Securities Purchase Agreement for the purpose of complying with the applicable NYSE/NYSE American Rules requiring stockholder approval for the Company’s issuance of shares of Common Stock, in connection with the transactions contemplated under the October 2023 SPA, in excess of <span id="xdx_908_ecustom--PercentageOfCommonStockOutstanding_iI_pid_dp_uPure_c20231004__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--VotingAgreementsMember_z5UsFFduoB26" title="Percentage of common stock outstanding">20</span>% of the number of shares of Common Stock outstanding on the date hereof. Each Voting Agreement will terminate upon the sufficient stockholder vote required to approve the stockholder proposals in connection with respect to the transactions contemplated in the October 2023 SPA (the “Voting Agreement Expiration Date”).</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In connection with the October 2023 SPA, on October 4, 2023, the Company entered into a registration rights agreement (the “October 2023 RRA”) with the investor pursuant to which the Registrable Securities (as defined therein) held by the investor, subject to certain conditions, are entitled to registration under the Securities Act. Pursuant to October 2023 RRA, the Company is required to, within 30 days after the date thereof, and within 10 days after the Closing of the Second Tranche (as such term is defined in the October 2023 SPA), file with the SEC (at the Company’s sole cost and expense) a Resale Registration Statement and to cause such Resale Registration Statement to be effective within 60 days after the applicable filing date, covering the resale by the Investor of the Registrable Securities.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Under the terms of the October 2023 SPA, the October 2023 RRA and the Note, the Company is required to reserve and register <span id="xdx_904_ecustom--NumberOfSharesRequiredToReserveAndRegister_iI_c20231004_zagucu2Rtiv9" title="Number of shares required to reserve and register">13,161,976</span> shares of Common Stock in a Resale Registration Statement which such number represents <span id="xdx_90F_ecustom--PercentageOfCommonSharesRequiredToReserve_iI_pid_dp_uPure_c20231004_z0sVpbTQw5hh" title="Percentage of common shares required to reserve">200</span>% of the number of shares on the exercise of the Common Warrants and <span id="xdx_90E_ecustom--PercentageOfSharesRequiredToReserveUponConversionOfNote_iI_pid_dp_uPure_c20231004_zpHmFKWbyrGa" title="Percentage of shares required to reserve upon conversion of note">200</span>% of the number of shares upon the conversion of the Note.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b> </b></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b> </b></span></p> <p id="xdx_89A_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfDebtTableTextBlock_z3vsygKrGcdj" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Notes payable as of October 31, 2023 and 2022 consisted of the following:</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">  <span id="xdx_8BB_zgHFR2k9epcf" style="display: none">SCHEDULE OF NOTES PAYABLE</span></span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td colspan="2" id="xdx_49A_20231031_z52UUJ8qgiaf" style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>As of October 31,</b></span></p></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td colspan="2" id="xdx_496_20221031_zz2HAxTbjhkh" style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>As of October 31,</b></span></p></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td></tr> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b> </b></span></td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>2023</b></span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b> </b></span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b> </b></span></td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>2022</b></span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b> </b></span></td></tr> <tr id="xdx_40C_eus-gaap--NotesPayable_iI_hus-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__us-gaap--RelatedPartyMember_zOeNX7mgw1x8" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 60%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Notes payable - related party, net of discounts</span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 16%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1082">-</span></span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 16%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1,025,497</span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td></tr> <tr id="xdx_407_eus-gaap--NotesPayable_iI_hsrt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--InvestorsMember_zg5WRKgk28T8" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Notes payable - investors, net of discounts</span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1085">-</span></span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">4,137,720</span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td></tr> <tr id="xdx_401_eus-gaap--NotesPayable_iI_hus-gaap--ShortTermDebtTypeAxis__us-gaap--BridgeLoanMember_z4ocFOHA5KU6" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Bridge note, net of discounts</span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1088">-</span></span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">265,719</span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td></tr> <tr id="xdx_40A_eus-gaap--ConvertibleNotesPayableCurrent_iI_zwBDs6GeW0C2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Convertible note, net of discounts</span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1,217,597</span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1092">-</span></span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td></tr> <tr id="xdx_408_eus-gaap--NotesPayable_iI_zts7SHjnAukf" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Total Notes payable</span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="border-bottom: black 2.25pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td> <td style="border-bottom: black 2.25pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1,217,597</span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="border-bottom: black 2.25pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td> <td style="border-bottom: black 2.25pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">5,428,936</span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td></tr> </table> 1025497 4137720 265719 1217597 1217597 5428936 0.8275 780000 1032512 1032512 1025497 7015 120337 1032512 2920000 4500000 4500000 0.50 4500000 0.29 1322933 0.08 0.15 i) the IPO price multiplied by the discount of 50% or ii) the opening price of the shares of Common Stock on the trading day following the date of the consummation of the IPO multiplied by the discount of 50%. 9000000 4500000 664875 5038902 5164875 2.05 375000 4500000 3.00 0 4137720 674405 1136811 444000 0.10 44000 70438 329562 1 0.01 0.08 0.15 400000 0.01 70438 440000 0 265719 174281 51040 3500000 2000000.0 1500000 2000000 866702 1.20 1.20 0.35 2000000.0 0.07 140000 350320 1500000 866702 332630 0.55 1.20 P5Y 1.3710 0 0.0472 1.03 4025000 0.20 13161976 2 2 <p id="xdx_803_eus-gaap--StockholdersEquityNoteDisclosureTextBlock_zgnycRs49lmi" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>NOTE 10 - <span id="xdx_820_znP8L22SiZT9">STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY</span></b></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Common Shares</i></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The Company is authorized to issue an aggregate of <span id="xdx_901_ecustom--AggregateAuthorizedShares_iI_c20231031_z0ToKgZy9tZj" title="Aggregate authorized shares">500,000,000</span> shares. The authorized capital stock is divided into: (i) <span id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--CommonStockSharesAuthorized_iI_c20231031_zQAZmWXyWUka" title="Common stock, shares authorized">490,000,000</span> shares of common stock having a par value of $<span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare_iI_c20231031_zwuzggoB0oIg" title="Common stock, par value">0.0001</span> per share and (ii) <span id="xdx_907_eus-gaap--PreferredStockSharesAuthorized_iI_c20231031_zjBbXBMDf3z6" title="Preferred stock, shares authorized">10,000,000</span> shares of preferred stock having a par value of $<span id="xdx_90F_eus-gaap--PreferredStockParOrStatedValuePerShare_iI_c20231031_zD7xe7MbuWd8" title="Preferred stock, par value">0.0001</span> per share.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In January 2022, the Company entered into the January 2022 SPA with GPL, which has warrants attached that are exercisable into up to <span id="xdx_905_eus-gaap--DebtInstrumentConvertibleConversionRatio1_pid_uPure_c20220101__20220131__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--InvestorsMember__us-gaap--SubsidiarySaleOfStockAxis__us-gaap--IPOMember__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--WarrantMember_zLiKkNTXib3e" title="Warrant exercisable, rate">50</span>% of the number of shares of common stock issued upon full conversion of the Notes. The Company determined the warrants are equity classified and used a third party to perform a valuation to estimate their fair market value at January 28, 2022, which was $<span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesFvNiCurrentAndNoncurrent_iI_c20220128__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--WarrantMember_zQkhAEwEAEs2" title="Equity fair value">994,091</span>.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On April 28, 2022, the Company issued <span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues_c20220428__20220428__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--GPLVenturesLLCMember_z95qCGrFNgpi" title="Number of shares issued">4,500,000</span> shares of its $<span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare_iI_c20220428__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--GPLVenturesLLCMember_zpUvr7Imnuo5" title="Common stock, par value">0.0001</span> par common stock at a price of $<span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--SharePrice_iI_c20220428__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--GPLVenturesLLCMember_z6npMmmOmbQ6" title="Share price">0.29</span> per share for a total aggregate fair value of $<span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueNewIssues_c20220428__20220428__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--GPLVenturesLLCMember_zY9TvAGypES2" title="Number of shares issued, fair value">1,322,933</span> to GPL as default shares in connection with the January 2022 SPA (see Note 3, Note 6 and Note 9).</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On July 11, 2022, the Company issued <span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues_c20220710__20220711__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__srt--DirectorMember_zjd7JiFuFpid" title="Number of shares issued">60,000</span> shares of its $<span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--SharesIssuedPricePerShare_iI_c20220711__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__srt--DirectorMember_z2bC3IeoJaS1" title="Common stock par value">0.0001</span> par common stock to each of its five outside Directors for a total aggregate amount of <span id="xdx_907_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueNewIssues_c20220710__20220711__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__srt--DirectorMember_zXjPyxwLGEUd" title="Number of shares issued, value">300,000</span> shares. The shares, or RSUs, vest in full upon the six-month anniversary of the IPO, subject to the directors’ continued service on the vesting date; upon issuance, the shares will be fully paid and non-assessable. The RSUs were recorded at a fair value of $<span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--SharePrice_iI_c20220711__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__srt--DirectorMember_zQKbfWPoQjr5" title="Fair value, per share">0.29</span> per share for a total value of $<span id="xdx_901_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriodTotalFairValue_c20220710__20220711__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__srt--DirectorMember_zvdy9ZTCAcB9" title="Total fair value">88,200</span>. Upon consummation of the IPO, the vesting period for these shares began and for the years ended October 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company recognized stock-based compensation in the amount of $<span id="xdx_905_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensation_c20221101__20231031__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__srt--DirectorMember_zQjgzAdYlRwj" title="Stock based compensation">88,200</span> and $<span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensation_c20211101__20221031__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__srt--DirectorMember_zr405SBnnI28" title="Stock based compensation">0</span>, respectively, within stock-based compensation expenses on the income statement, with unrecognized expense of $<span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognized_iI_c20231031__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__srt--DirectorMember_zmgLh0rDPlsk" title="Share based compensation, unrecognized expense">0</span> as of the period ended October 31, 2023.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On October 17, 2022, the Company issued <span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues_c20221017__20221017__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--RestrictedStockMember__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--ExecutivesMember_zMGybhtUim12" title="Restricted shares">1,100,000</span> restricted shares to two of its executives pursuant to the Plan. As the Plan was not adopted until October 17, 2022, these shares were recorded as of that date at a fair value of $<span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--SharesIssuedPricePerShare_iI_c20221017__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--InvestorsMember_zUcqdGNoxJ3b" title="Shares issued, price per share">0.29</span> per share; such value was calculated via a third-party valuation performed using income and market methods, as well as a discounted cash flow method, with the terminal value using a market multiples method, adjusted for a lack of marketability. As of October 31, 2022, the Company recorded <span id="xdx_90D_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues_c20211101__20221031__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--RestrictedStockMember__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--ExecutivesMember_zVyNYzE4u13e" title="Restricted shares">1,100,000</span> restricted shares at a fair value of $<span id="xdx_90D_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueNewIssues_c20211101__20221031__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--RestrictedStockMember__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--ExecutivesMember_zQwwGmAPA3hk" title="Fair value, grant">323,400</span> and for the years ended October 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company recognized stock-based compensation of $<span id="xdx_90D_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensation_c20221101__20231031__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--RestrictedStockMember__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--ExecutivesMember_zklgt4j3UUX5" title="Share based compensation expenses">161,700</span> and $<span id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensation_c20211101__20221031__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--RestrictedStockMember__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--ExecutivesMember_zemDt2gizVJl" title="Share based compensation expenses">6,202</span>, respectively, within stock-based compensation expenses on the income statement, with unrecognized expense of $<span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognized_iI_c20231031__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--RestrictedStockMember__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--ExecutivesMember_zmQGf6WJ62H2" title="Share based compensation, unrecognized expense">155,498</span> as of October 31, 2023.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In December 2022, the Company entered into subscription agreements with two accredited investors for the aggregate issuance of <span id="xdx_901_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues_c20221201__20221231__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--CommonStockMember_zE1p7kUoBf9h" title="Issuance of common stock for cash net, shares">400,000</span> common shares for aggregate gross cash proceeds of $<span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--ProceedsFromIssuanceOfCommonStock_c20221201__20221231__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--CommonStockMember_z8z1vxN9yy01" title="Gross cash proceeds">400,000</span>. The common shares are $<span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare_iI_pid_c20221231__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--CommonStockMember_zq0lkNSgQRS9" title="Common stock, par value, per share">0.0001</span> par value and have a purchase price of $<span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--SharesIssuedPricePerShare_iI_pid_c20221231__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--CommonStockMember_zXT0iQgoLinl" title="Shares issued price per share">1.00</span> per share.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In April 2023, the Company consummated its IPO and sold <span id="xdx_90C_eus-gaap--SaleOfStockNumberOfSharesIssuedInTransaction_c20230401__20230430__us-gaap--SubsidiarySaleOfStockAxis__us-gaap--IPOMember_zUAVJWIeFRSe" title="Number of shares sold">2,000,000</span> shares of common stock at a public offering price of $<span id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--SaleOfStockPricePerShare_iI_pid_c20230430__us-gaap--SubsidiarySaleOfStockAxis__us-gaap--IPOMember_zysmtRD42Sm" title="Sale of stock, price per share">3.00</span> per share for gross proceeds of $<span id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--ProceedsFromIssuanceOfCommonStock_c20230401__20230430__us-gaap--SubsidiarySaleOfStockAxis__us-gaap--IPOMember_zCd4UZXvEpOc" title="Gross proceeds">6,000,000</span>.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In April 2023, upon consummation of its IPO, the Company also issued <span id="xdx_90D_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues_c20230401__20230430__us-gaap--SubsidiarySaleOfStockAxis__us-gaap--IPOMember_z1wDhtznZ047" title="Number of shares new issues">375,000</span> commitment shares, the number of which was calculated by taking <span id="xdx_90C_ecustom--PercentageOfOutstandingPrincipalBalance_iI_pid_dp_uPure_c20230430__us-gaap--SubsidiarySaleOfStockAxis__us-gaap--IPOMember_zhprXG0fJmh3" title="Percentage of outstanding principal balance">25</span>% of the outstanding principal balance of the January 2022 Notes of $<span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--DebtInstrumentFaceAmount_iI_c20230430__us-gaap--SubsidiarySaleOfStockAxis__us-gaap--IPOMember_zcPmHJNYn2U9" title="Debt instrument, principal amount">4,500,000</span> and dividing it by the IPO price of $<span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--SharesIssuedPricePerShare_iI_c20230430__us-gaap--SubsidiarySaleOfStockAxis__us-gaap--IPOMember_zyxPTJG1l9s3" title="Shares issued price per share">3.00</span> per share</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On April 20, 2023, the Company issued <span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues_c20230420__20230420__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--CommonStockMember_zbiWD6Of6jp8" title="Issuance of common stock for cash net, shares">12,500</span> shares of common stock at a fair value of $<span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--SharesIssuedPricePerShare_iI_pid_c20230420__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--CommonStockMember_zG9EUQaK8zn" title="Shares issued, price per share">2.00</span> per share to consultants in exchange for services rendered; the aggregate amount of $<span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensation_c20230420__20230420__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--ConsultantsMember_zUdRIP8WFiDc" title="Share based compensation expenses">25,000</span> was recorded as fees for professional services as of the end of the period.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On May 1, 2023, the Company issued <span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues_c20230501__20230501__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember_zlKUn5e8Qg03" title="Issuance of common stock for cash net, shares">700,000</span> restricted shares to six of its employees pursuant to the Plan (see Note 6); the shares were recorded at a fair value of $<span id="xdx_90E_eus-gaap--SharesIssuedPricePerShare_iI_pid_c20230501__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember_zUuWyibVwHRk" title="Shares issued, price per share">2.15</span> per share for an aggregate grant date fair value of $<span id="xdx_903_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueNewIssues_c20230501__20230501__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember_z0nIYNhTfHai" title="Fair value, grant">1,505,000</span>, and for the years ended October 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company recognized stock-based compensation of $<span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensation_c20221101__20231031__us-gaap--PlanNameAxis__custom--TwoThousandTwentyTwoEquityIncentivePlanMember_zjCKAfMhNATb" title="Share based compensation expenses">440,219</span> and $<span id="xdx_90F_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensation_c20211101__20221031__us-gaap--PlanNameAxis__custom--TwoThousandTwentyTwoEquityIncentivePlanMember_znUFqTdbFU26" title="Share based compensation expenses">0</span>, respectively, within stock-based compensation expenses on the income statement, with unrecognized expense of $<span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognized_iI_c20231031__us-gaap--PlanNameAxis__custom--TwoThousandTwentyTwoEquityIncentivePlanMember_zt8PF8lbKmG7" title="Share based compensation, unrecognized expense">1,064,781</span> as of the period ended October 31, 2023.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On May 2, 2023, June 23, 2023 and July 11, 2023, the Company issued <span id="xdx_901_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesIssuedForServices_c20230502__20230502__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--CommonStockMember_zxoR6k6vj8I4" title="Stock issued during period for services">25,000</span>, <span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesIssuedForServices_c20230623__20230623__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--CommonStockMember_z3i9esCKzIya" title="Stock issued during period for services">100,000</span> and <span id="xdx_901_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesIssuedForServices_c20230711__20230711__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--CommonStockMember_zOKb6LaGzjA" title="Stock issued during period for services">100,000</span> shares of common stock, par value of $<span id="xdx_905_eus-gaap--CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare_iI_pid_c20230502__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--CommonStockMember_zMfWl3TRqovk" title="Common stock, par value"><span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare_iI_pid_c20230623__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--CommonStockMember_zBr5BS329LX3" title="Common stock, par value"><span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare_iI_pid_c20230711__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--CommonStockMember_z9DCcIR3wYmj" title="Common stock, par value">0.0001</span></span></span>, respectively, at a fair value of $<span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--SharesIssuedPricePerShare_iI_pid_c20230502__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--CommonStockMember_zGsiWedcl6e3" title="Shares issued, price per share">2.10</span>, $<span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--SharesIssuedPricePerShare_iI_pid_c20230623__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--CommonStockMember_zMo4w8kPe2l6" title="Shares issued, price per share">0.88</span> and $<span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--SharesIssuedPricePerShare_iI_pid_c20230711__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--CommonStockMember_zGjgSQ8g7Wgf" title="Shares issued, price per share">1.21</span>, respectively, to consultants in exchange for services rendered; the aggregate amounts of $<span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueIssuedForServices_c20230502__20230502__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--ConsultantsMember_zTBOeWf9XUve" title="Stock issued value during period for services">52,500</span>, $<span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueIssuedForServices_c20230623__20230623__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--ConsultantsMember_zWorVfkWQ1D3" title="Stock issued value during period for services">88,000</span> and $<span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueIssuedForServices_c20230711__20230711__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--ConsultantsMember_z4ma4sJDfjua" title="Stock issued value during period for services">121,000</span>, respectively, were recorded as fees for professional services as of the end of the period.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On June 30, 2023, the Company issued <span id="xdx_903_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues_c20230630__20230630__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--CommonStockMember__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--MarcumLlpMember_zC1qukpD7lj4" title="Stock issued during period, shares">48,000</span> shares of common stock, par value of $<span id="xdx_90E_eus-gaap--CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare_iI_pid_c20230630__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--CommonStockMember__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--MarcumLlpMember_zZXxmwo4KKAc" title="Common stock, par value">0.0001</span>, at a fair value of $<span id="xdx_907_eus-gaap--SharesIssuedPricePerShare_iI_pid_c20230630__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--CommonStockMember__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--MarcumLlpMember_z5uKrBVNVd53" title="Shares issued, price per share">1.67</span> to Marcum, LLP for an aggregate amount of $<span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueNewIssues_c20230630__20230630__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--CommonStockMember__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--MarcumLlpMember_zunpmbSdHEra" title="Stock issued during period, value">80,159</span> for partial satisfaction of an account payable.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On June 30, 2023, <span id="xdx_90A_ecustom--ResaleAmendmentAgreementDescription_c20230630__20230630_zBMtfsyol6n7" title="Resale amendment agreement, description">the Company issued a Form S-1/A, which registered for resale (i) up to 3,149,314 shares of common stock, par value $0.0001 per share which the selling stockholders may acquire upon the exercise of outstanding common warrants and (ii) up to 500,000 shares of common stock, which the selling stockholders may acquire upon the exercise of outstanding pre-funded warrants. Such warrants were issued to the selling stockholders in connection with securities purchase agreements entered into on January 28, 2022 and September 20, 2022. The Company recorded 699,848 shares of common stock that are not exercised but registered in accordance with their common warrant agreements and 500,000 shares of common stock that are not exercised but registered in accordance with their pre-funded warrant agreements upon the filing of this Form S-1/A</span>.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On July 20, 2023, the Company issued <span id="xdx_905_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues_c20230720__20230720__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--MrFrankIngriselliMember_zkvxxd4RKs12" title="Issuance of common stock for cash net, shares">200,000</span> restricted shares pursuant to the Plan to Mr. Ingriselli (see Note 6) at a fair value of $<span id="xdx_901_eus-gaap--SharesIssuedPricePerShare_iI_pid_c20230720__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--MrFrankIngriselliMember_zvFOxLbqBZP3" title="Shares issued, price per share">1.07</span> per share for an aggregate fair value of $<span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueNewIssues_c20230720__20230720__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--MrFrankIngriselliMember_zNgic33hKmX4" title="Fair value, grant">213,000</span>. The shares vested fully on July 24, 2023 and the Company recognized stock-based compensation for the full value of the shares as of the end of the period.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On September 2, 2023, the Company issued <span id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues_c20230902__20230902__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--FourOutsideDirectorMember_zkzESntuqdr" title="Number of shares issued">425,000</span> shares of its $<span id="xdx_90C_eus-gaap--SharesIssuedPricePerShare_iI_c20230902__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--FourOutsideDirectorMember_z0jTFhCG7tF3" title="Common stock par value">0.0001</span> par common stock to four outside Directors with a fair value of $<span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--SharePrice_iI_c20230902__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--FourOutsideDirectorMember_zwDYleoepNEa" title="Fair value, per share">0.64</span> per share for a grant date value of $<span id="xdx_901_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueNewIssues_c20230902__20230902__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--FourOutsideDirectorMember_zFgsjddx08f9" title="Grant date value">273,275</span>. The shares, or RSUs, vest in full upon the six-month anniversary of the vesting commencement date (or August 28,2023), subject to the directors’ continued service on the vesting date. For the years ended October 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company recognized stock-based compensation in the amount of $<span id="xdx_90D_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensation_c20221101__20231031__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--FourOutsideDirectorMember_zIPiYSUhotSd" title="Stock based compensation">96,016</span> and $<span id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensation_c20211101__20221031__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--FourOutsideDirectorMember_zfsmES4d6xLh" title="Stock based compensation">0</span>, respectively, within stock-based compensation expenses on the income statement, with unrecognized expense of $<span id="xdx_901_eus-gaap--EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognized_iI_c20231031__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--FourOutsideDirectorMember_zBbLLtDVIlO3" title="Share based compensation, unrecognized expense">177,259</span> as of the period ended October 31, 2023.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On October 16, 2023, pursuant to the Peterson Employment Agreement, the Company issued Mr. Peterson is a grant of <span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesRestrictedStockAwardNetOfForfeitures_c20231016__20231016_zc4fdjPN4yTe" title="Number of shares grant">1,000,000</span> shares of restricted stock pursuant to the Plan at a fair value of $<span id="xdx_905_eus-gaap--SharePrice_iI_c20231016_z08gDrcFa4Mc" title="Share price">0.27</span> per share for a grant date fair value of $<span id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueRestrictedStockAwardNetOfForfeitures_c20231016__20231016_zZQ5dIttrPab" title="Number of shares granted fair value">271,000</span>. <span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardAwardVestingRights_c20231016__20231016_zUr8BKXxvHDg" title="Vesting period">The restricted stock grant vests over a period of two years, with 25% of the shares of restricted stock vesting six months after the Peterson Employment Agreement Effective Date, and the remainder vesting in equal tranches on each of the 12-, 18-, and 24-month anniversary dates of the Peterson Employment Agreement</span>. As of October 31, 2023, the Company recognized stock-based compensation of $<span id="xdx_90E_eus-gaap--EmployeeBenefitsAndShareBasedCompensation_c20221101__20231031_zLiMLIZyrP5c" title="Stock based compensation">3,341</span> within stock-based compensation expenses on the income statement, with unrecognized expense of $<span id="xdx_907_eus-gaap--EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognized_iI_c20231031_zx9Y0exji14c" title="Share based compensation, unrecognized expense">267,659</span>.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Warrants</i></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="text-decoration: underline">January 2022 SPA with GPL Warrants</span></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In January 2022, the Company entered into the January 2022 SPA with GPL, which had warrants attached that were exercisable into up to <span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--DebtInstrumentConvertibleConversionRatio1_pid_uPure_c20220101__20220131__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--InvestorsMember__us-gaap--SubsidiarySaleOfStockAxis__us-gaap--IPOMember__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--WarrantMember_zk8asPiPQH17" title="Warrant exercisable, rate">50</span>% of the number of shares of common stock issued upon full conversion of the Notes. The Company determined the warrants were equity classified and used a third party to perform a valuation to estimate their fair market value at January 28, 2022, which was $<span id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesFvNiCurrentAndNoncurrent_iI_c20220131__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--WarrantMember_z02DKppYT6ql" title="Equity fair value">994,091</span>. The factors used to determine their fair value were a term of <span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--WarrantsAndRightsOutstandingTerm_iI_dtY_c20220131_zTq3O4Bub9Ia" title="Warrant instrument, term">3</span> years, volatility of <span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--WarrantsAndRightsOutstandingMeasurementInput_iI_pid_uPure_c20220131__us-gaap--MeasurementInputTypeAxis__us-gaap--MeasurementInputOptionVolatilityMember_z8w7Fcht4LE4" title="Warrant measurement input">92</span>%, a share price based on comparable companies and an exercise price of <span id="xdx_901_eus-gaap--WarrantsAndRightsOutstandingMeasurementInput_iI_pid_uPure_c20220131__us-gaap--MeasurementInputTypeAxis__us-gaap--MeasurementInputExercisePriceMember_zvH5hPVKuct2" title="Warrant measurement input">50</span>% of the stock price upon the Company’s IPO.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Upon consummation of the IPO, the Company issued an aggregate of <span id="xdx_901_eus-gaap--ClassOfWarrantOrRightOutstanding_iI_c20220131__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--WarrantMember_zx7g6DXqs2kg" title="Aggregate of warrants">2,519,451</span> warrants to the GPL investors at an exercise price of $<span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--ClassOfWarrantOrRightExercisePriceOfWarrantsOrRights1_iI_c20220131__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--WarrantMember_zDHB4Cnwkz4g" title="Warrants exercise price">1.03</span> and an expiration date of <span id="xdx_905_eus-gaap--WarrantsAndRightsOutstandingTerm_iI_dtY_c20220131__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--WarrantMember_z5U3iQRwZgQ" title="Warrants expiration term">3</span> years from the date of the IPO; on July 10, 2023, the Company entered into amendments to the warrant agreements with five of the six investors, whereby <span id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--ClassOfWarrantOrRightReasonForIssuingToNonemployees_c20230710__20230710__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--WarrantMember_zTZRdU4y2rw" title="Warrant exercise price, description">i) the exercise price was reduced from $1.03 to $0.80 and ii) the number of warrants was increased by a factor of 1.25 or 489,893 warrants in order to induce full, immediate exercise.</span> Accordingly, <span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--ClassOfWarrantOrRightOutstanding_iI_c20230710__us-gaap--ClassOfWarrantOrRightAxis__custom--NewModifiedTermsMember_zyveyCAbO2Sf" title="Aggregate of warrants">2,449,466</span> warrants (original number of warrants was <span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--ClassOfWarrantOrRightOutstanding_iI_c20230710__us-gaap--ClassOfWarrantOrRightAxis__custom--OriginalIssueTermsMember_zJNVAfgbZHOg" title="Aggregate of warrants">1,959,573</span>) were exercised at an exercise price of $<span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--ClassOfWarrantOrRightExercisePriceOfWarrantsOrRights1_iI_c20230710__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--WarrantMember_zsCdYNHtnPOc" title="Warrants exercise price">0.80</span> per share for aggregate proceeds (net of equity issuance costs of $<span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--ProceedsFromIssuanceOrSaleOfEquity_c20230710__20230710__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--WarrantMember_z7kI6tl3sTE4" title="Net of equity issuance costs">146,938</span>) of $<span id="xdx_90C_eus-gaap--ProceedsFromIssuanceOfWarrants_c20230710__20230710__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--WarrantMember_zMwOAJItfvah" title="Proceeds from issuance of warrants">1,812,635</span>. The shares issued for the exercise of these warrants were registered for resale as part of the Form S-1/A filed on June 30, 2023. The Company accounted for the amendments as warrant modifications, whereby the effect of the modifications is measured as the difference in relative fair value immediately before the modification and after the modification; and any increase to the relative fair value is recognized as equity issuance costs.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">To assess for the change in relative fair value, the Company performed a Black Scholes Option Model calculation to quantify the fair value of <span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--ClassOfWarrantOrRightOutstanding_iI_c20230710__us-gaap--ClassOfWarrantOrRightAxis__custom--OriginalIssueTermsMember_zzFhin4mQ0wh" title="Aggregate of warrants">1,959,573</span> common warrants under their original terms as of the modification date using the following assumptions: a share price of $<span id="xdx_90D_eus-gaap--SharePrice_iI_c20230710__us-gaap--MeasurementInputTypeAxis__us-gaap--MeasurementInputSharePriceMember__us-gaap--ClassOfWarrantOrRightAxis__custom--OriginalIssueTermsMember_zbOMXAgyRH96" title="Share price">1.43</span>, an exercise price of $<span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExercisePrice_iI_c20230710__us-gaap--MeasurementInputTypeAxis__us-gaap--MeasurementInputExercisePriceMember__us-gaap--ClassOfWarrantOrRightAxis__custom--OriginalIssueTermsMember_zSEqUPak1j7i" title="Exercise price">1.03</span>, an expected term of <span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedTerm1_dtY_c20230710__20230710__us-gaap--MeasurementInputTypeAxis__us-gaap--MeasurementInputExpectedTermMember__us-gaap--ClassOfWarrantOrRightAxis__custom--OriginalIssueTermsMember_zBt3mrG1Ukhd" title="Expected term">3.0</span> years, volatility of <span id="xdx_90F_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedVolatilityRate_pid_dp_uPure_c20230710__20230710__us-gaap--MeasurementInputTypeAxis__us-gaap--MeasurementInputOptionVolatilityMember__us-gaap--ClassOfWarrantOrRightAxis__custom--OriginalIssueTermsMember_zPX5CkdorrNf" title="Expected volatility rate">136</span>%, a dividend rate of <span id="xdx_90F_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedDividendRate_pid_dp_uPure_c20230710__20230710__us-gaap--MeasurementInputTypeAxis__us-gaap--MeasurementInputExpectedDividendRateMember__us-gaap--ClassOfWarrantOrRightAxis__custom--OriginalIssueTermsMember_zN3DIx0mZ2Yf" title="Expected dividend rate">0</span>% and a discount rate of <span id="xdx_907_eus-gaap--WarrantsAndRightsOutstandingMeasurementInput_iI_uPure_c20230710__us-gaap--MeasurementInputTypeAxis__us-gaap--MeasurementInputDiscountRateMember__us-gaap--ClassOfWarrantOrRightAxis__custom--OriginalIssueTermsMember_zhy8fKvRDdJj">4.54</span>%. The Company then performed a Black Scholes Option Model calculation to quantify the fair value of <span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--ClassOfWarrantOrRightOutstanding_iI_c20230710__us-gaap--ClassOfWarrantOrRightAxis__custom--NewModifiedTermsMember_zleaa0moKFu9" title="Aggregate of warrants">2,449,466</span> common warrants with their new modified terms as of the modification date using the following assumptions: a share price of $<span id="xdx_907_eus-gaap--SharePrice_iI_c20230710__us-gaap--MeasurementInputTypeAxis__us-gaap--MeasurementInputSharePriceMember__us-gaap--ClassOfWarrantOrRightAxis__custom--NewModifiedTermsMember_z3reyV7dFMIb" title="Share price">1.53</span>, an exercise price of $<span id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExercisePrice_iI_c20230710__us-gaap--MeasurementInputTypeAxis__us-gaap--MeasurementInputExercisePriceMember__us-gaap--ClassOfWarrantOrRightAxis__custom--NewModifiedTermsMember_zcfvqdeKERmi" title="Exercise price">0.80</span>, an expected term of <span id="xdx_903_eus-gaap--SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedTerm1_dtY_c20230710__20230710__us-gaap--MeasurementInputTypeAxis__us-gaap--MeasurementInputExpectedTermMember__us-gaap--ClassOfWarrantOrRightAxis__custom--NewModifiedTermsMember_zmE5u2GlYuD" title="Expected term">3.0</span> years, volatility of <span id="xdx_90E_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedVolatilityRate_pid_dp_uPure_c20230710__20230710__us-gaap--MeasurementInputTypeAxis__us-gaap--MeasurementInputOptionVolatilityMember__us-gaap--ClassOfWarrantOrRightAxis__custom--NewModifiedTermsMember_zZv26pK7Zppi" title="Expected volatility rate">136</span>%, a dividend rate of <span id="xdx_90C_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedDividendRate_pid_dp_uPure_c20230710__20230710__us-gaap--MeasurementInputTypeAxis__us-gaap--MeasurementInputExpectedDividendRateMember__us-gaap--ClassOfWarrantOrRightAxis__custom--NewModifiedTermsMember_zBs76LWduvzd" title="Expected dividend rate">0</span>% and a discount rate of <span id="xdx_90C_eus-gaap--WarrantsAndRightsOutstandingMeasurementInput_iI_uPure_c20230710__us-gaap--MeasurementInputTypeAxis__us-gaap--MeasurementInputDiscountRateMember__us-gaap--ClassOfWarrantOrRightAxis__custom--NewModifiedTermsMember_z2HMF3huSY7a">4.54</span>%. The aggregate difference of approximately $<span id="xdx_90C_eus-gaap--ProceedsFromIssuanceOrSaleOfEquity_pn5n6_c20230710__20230710__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--WarrantMember__us-gaap--ClassOfWarrantOrRightAxis__custom--NewModifiedTermsMember_zMOfWaKamiBi" title="Net of equity issuance costs">0.3</span> million between the two calculated amounts was recorded as an equity issuance cost within equity during the period to account for the change in relative fair value.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On September 20, 2023, the Company and the sixth GPL investor entered into an amendment to their particular warrant agreement, pursuant to which the Company agreed to amend the warrant held by the holder in order to <span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--ClassOfWarrantOrRightReasonForIssuingToNonemployees_c20230920__20230920__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--WarrantMember_zJiYCWvPPRg4" title="Warrant exercise price, description">(i) reduce the exercise price of the warrant from an exercise price of $1.03 per share to $0.11 per share and (ii) add a customary cashless exercise provision to the warrant.</span> On September 21, 2023, the holder delivered a notice of exercise to the Company exercising the Warrant, in full, on a “cashless basis,” pursuant to which an aggregate of <span id="xdx_905_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues_c20230921__20230921__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--WarrantMember_zZIKzJUIEzUe" title="Stock issued to holder">451,831</span> shares of common stock were issued to the holder on or before September 25, 2023.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The Company accounted for the amendments as warrant modifications, whereby the effect of the modifications is measured as the difference in relative fair value immediately before the modification and after the modification; and any increase to the relative fair value is recognized as equity issuance costs.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">To assess for the change in relative fair value, the Company performed a Black Scholes Option Model calculation to quantify the fair value of <span id="xdx_901_eus-gaap--ClassOfWarrantOrRightOutstanding_iI_c20230920__us-gaap--ClassOfWarrantOrRightAxis__custom--OriginalIssueTermsMember_zKM9zp2vbPx5" title="Aggregate of warrants">559,878</span> common warrants under their original terms as of the modification date using the following assumptions: a share price of $<span id="xdx_905_eus-gaap--SharePrice_iI_c20230920__us-gaap--MeasurementInputTypeAxis__us-gaap--MeasurementInputSharePriceMember__us-gaap--ClassOfWarrantOrRightAxis__custom--OriginalIssueTermsMember_zhyRZcen0yD" title="Share price">0.57</span>, an exercise price of $<span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExercisePrice_iI_c20230920__us-gaap--MeasurementInputTypeAxis__us-gaap--MeasurementInputExercisePriceMember__us-gaap--ClassOfWarrantOrRightAxis__custom--OriginalIssueTermsMember_zZuxyIUMqzB" title="Exercise price">1.03</span>, an expected term of <span id="xdx_903_eus-gaap--SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedTerm1_dtY_c20230920__20230920__us-gaap--MeasurementInputTypeAxis__us-gaap--MeasurementInputExpectedTermMember__us-gaap--ClassOfWarrantOrRightAxis__custom--OriginalIssueTermsMember_zsglooc1Wnq9" title="Expected term">3.0</span> years, volatility of <span id="xdx_90D_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedVolatilityRate_pid_dp_uPure_c20230920__20230920__us-gaap--MeasurementInputTypeAxis__us-gaap--MeasurementInputOptionVolatilityMember__us-gaap--ClassOfWarrantOrRightAxis__custom--OriginalIssueTermsMember_zKXq6S70rB6e" title="Expected volatility rate">148</span>%, a dividend rate of <span id="xdx_90E_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedDividendRate_pid_dp_uPure_c20230920__20230920__us-gaap--MeasurementInputTypeAxis__us-gaap--MeasurementInputExpectedDividendRateMember__us-gaap--ClassOfWarrantOrRightAxis__custom--OriginalIssueTermsMember_zYHXbrDyXPv2" title="Expected dividend rate">0</span>% and a discount rate of <span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--WarrantsAndRightsOutstandingMeasurementInput_iI_uPure_c20230920__us-gaap--MeasurementInputTypeAxis__us-gaap--MeasurementInputDiscountRateMember__us-gaap--ClassOfWarrantOrRightAxis__custom--OriginalIssueTermsMember_zyGeq2tIp4sb">4.82</span>%. The Company then performed a Black Scholes Option Model calculation to quantify the fair value of <span id="xdx_901_eus-gaap--ClassOfWarrantOrRightOutstanding_iI_c20230920__us-gaap--ClassOfWarrantOrRightAxis__custom--NewModifiedTermsMember_zFoDWX8tQ7ua" title="Aggregate of warrants">451,831</span> common warrants with their new modified terms as of the modification date using the following assumptions: a share price of $<span id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--SharePrice_iI_c20230920__us-gaap--MeasurementInputTypeAxis__us-gaap--MeasurementInputSharePriceMember__us-gaap--ClassOfWarrantOrRightAxis__custom--NewModifiedTermsMember_z1lwNN9cdZtd" title="Share price">0.57</span>, an exercise price of $<span id="xdx_90D_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExercisePrice_iI_c20230920__us-gaap--MeasurementInputTypeAxis__us-gaap--MeasurementInputExercisePriceMember__us-gaap--ClassOfWarrantOrRightAxis__custom--NewModifiedTermsMember_zAvTyGetOtX4" title="Exercise price">0.11</span>, an expected term of <span id="xdx_90D_eus-gaap--SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedTerm1_dtY_c20230920__20230920__us-gaap--MeasurementInputTypeAxis__us-gaap--MeasurementInputExpectedTermMember__us-gaap--ClassOfWarrantOrRightAxis__custom--NewModifiedTermsMember_zR3qi19Irjfi" title="Expected term">3.0</span> years, volatility of <span id="xdx_903_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedVolatilityRate_pid_dp_uPure_c20230920__20230920__us-gaap--MeasurementInputTypeAxis__us-gaap--MeasurementInputOptionVolatilityMember__us-gaap--ClassOfWarrantOrRightAxis__custom--NewModifiedTermsMember_z81Yu3LwWCv7" title="Expected volatility rate">148</span>%, a dividend rate of <span id="xdx_901_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedDividendRate_pid_dp_uPure_c20230920__20230920__us-gaap--MeasurementInputTypeAxis__us-gaap--MeasurementInputExpectedDividendRateMember__us-gaap--ClassOfWarrantOrRightAxis__custom--NewModifiedTermsMember_zEQ3YJGeIUYk" title="Expected dividend rate">0</span>% and a discount rate of <span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--WarrantsAndRightsOutstandingMeasurementInput_iI_uPure_c20230920__us-gaap--MeasurementInputTypeAxis__us-gaap--MeasurementInputDiscountRateMember__us-gaap--ClassOfWarrantOrRightAxis__custom--NewModifiedTermsMember_zLst6lRcf9e4">4.82</span>%. The aggregate difference of less than $<span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--ProceedsFromIssuanceOrSaleOfEquity_c20230920__20230920__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--WarrantMember__us-gaap--ClassOfWarrantOrRightAxis__custom--NewModifiedTermsMember_zw9BQemkcZ3a" title="Net of equity issuance costs">1,000</span> between the two calculated amounts was recorded as an equity issuance cost within equity during the period to account for the change in relative fair value.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="text-decoration: underline">Other Warrants</span></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In December 2022, the Company entered into subscription agreements with two accredited investors for the aggregate issuance of <span id="xdx_907_eus-gaap--SharesIssued_iI_c20221231__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--CommonStockMember__us-gaap--SubsidiarySaleOfStockAxis__custom--TwoAccreditedInvestorsMember_zlLrA00Mga9e" title="Number of shares issued">400,000</span> common shares, as well as warrants to purchase additional shares up to the initial subscription amount; the warrants are exercisable for two years and have an exercise price equal to fifty percent of the price per share the Company sells its common shares in its IPO. The warrants were determined to be equity classified and were recorded at fair value in additional paid-in capital on the balance sheet for the period. Their fair value was based on the price the third-party investors paid for the original subscription agreements described above.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The Company also issued warrants to purchase <span id="xdx_903_eus-gaap--ClassOfWarrantOrRightNumberOfSecuritiesCalledByWarrantsOrRights_iI_c20221231__us-gaap--SubsidiarySaleOfStockAxis__us-gaap--OverAllotmentOptionMember_zfMyIs09ARed" title="Shares issued warrants to purchase">100,000</span> shares of common stock to the underwriters at an exercise price of $<span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--ClassOfWarrantOrRightExercisePriceOfWarrantsOrRights1_iI_pid_c20221231__us-gaap--SubsidiarySaleOfStockAxis__us-gaap--OverAllotmentOptionMember_zXpXeMNd6uwf" title="Exercise price of warrants or rights">3.30</span> per share (<span id="xdx_909_ecustom--PercentageOfPublicOfferingPrice_iI_pid_dp_uPure_c20221231__us-gaap--SubsidiarySaleOfStockAxis__us-gaap--IPOMember_zolkhQj0lU1i" title="Percentage of public offering price">110</span>% of public offering price).</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p id="xdx_891_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfStockholdersEquityNoteWarrantsOrRightsTextBlock_za9MpAggsrhd" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">A summary of the warrant activity during the years ended October 31, 2023 and 2022 is presented below:</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">  <span id="xdx_8BA_zftMuBMGzQe2" style="display: none">SCHEDULE OF WARRANT ACTIVITY</span></span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%"> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="text-align: center"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Number of</b></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Warrants</b></span></p></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Weighted</b></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Average</b></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Exercise</b></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Price</b></span></p></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Weighted</b></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Average</b></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Remaining</b></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Life in</b></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Years</b></span></p></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Intrinsic</b></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Value</b></span></p></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td> </td><td> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td><td> </td><td> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td><td> </td><td> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td><td> </td><td> </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"> </td><td> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td>Outstanding, November 1, 2021</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsOutstandingNumber_iS_c20211101__20221031_zAd9AA1N3REd" style="text-align: right" title="Number of warrants outstanding, beginning"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1503">-</span></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice_iS_pid_c20211101__20221031_zuCH1AMVrrm9" style="text-align: right" title="Weighted average, exercise price, beginning"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1505">-</span></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm1_c20201101__20211031_zwvPICpNENJg" style="text-align: right" title="Weighted average remaining life in years"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1507">-</span></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableIntrinsicValue1_iS_c20211101__20221031_zNtJ2NJlGNGe" style="text-align: right" title="Intrinsic value, beginning"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1509">-</span></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Issued</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_98F_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsGranted_c20211101__20221031_zKSh5rnnbE24" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right" title="Number of warrants issued"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1511">-</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_984_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice_pid_c20211101__20221031_zIieBLlwl9R" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right" title="Weighted average, exercise price, issued"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1513">-</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_987_ecustom--SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm_c20211101__20221031_zCR8gXMxETxc" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right" title="Weighted average remaining life in years"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1515">-</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">-</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td>Outstanding, November 1, 2022</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_987_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsOutstandingNumber_iS_c20221101__20231031_zFUT8UZIDI3e" style="text-align: right" title="Number of warrants outstanding, beginning"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1517">-</span></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice_iS_pid_c20211101__20221031_zkGNs7SjHYP9" style="text-align: right" title="Weighted average, exercise price, beginning"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1519">-</span></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm1_c20211101__20221031_zZcT0xFWLZkb" style="text-align: right" title="Weighted average remaining life in years"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1521">-</span></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableIntrinsicValue1_iS_c20221101__20231031_zpCNZxlM249g" style="text-align: right" title="Intrinsic value, beginning"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1523">-</span></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="width: 44%">Issued</td><td style="width: 2%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsGranted_c20221101__20231031_zSlQyBOEtg1g" style="width: 10%; text-align: right" title="Number of warrants issued">4,776,046</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 2%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_988_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice_pid_c20221101__20231031_z5WUutkU3Ac1" style="width: 10%; text-align: right" title="Weighted average, exercise price, issued">1.04</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 2%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_98C_ecustom--SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm_dtY_c20221101__20231031_zKsA8kLnudaj" style="width: 10%; text-align: right" title="Weighted average remaining life in years">3.1</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 2%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 10%; text-align: right">-</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td>Exercised</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_98D_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsExercised_iN_di_c20221101__20231031_zJj4YYmvAwc" style="text-align: right" title="Number of warrants exercised">(2,901,298</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_988_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice_pid_c20221101__20231031_zOjjs5oBZzTl" style="text-align: right" title="Weighted average, exercise price, exercised">1.03</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_980_ecustom--SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisedWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm_c20221101__20231031_zjKVAqL7hhcd" style="text-align: right" title="Weighted average remaining life in years, exercised"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1535">-</span></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">-</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td>Cancelled</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_98F_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsForfeitures_c20221101__20231031_z2YA1q1219h" style="text-align: right" title="Number of warrants cancelled"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1537">-</span></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_988_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice_pid_c20221101__20231031_zuA5BAjkgh9j" style="text-align: right" title="Weighted average, exercise price, cancelled"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1539">-</span></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">-</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">-</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Expired</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsExpirations_iN_di_c20221101__20231031_zHB0RxqMqJ62" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right" title="Number of warrants expired">(108,047</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_98F_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExpirationsInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice_pid_c20221101__20231031_zCyWFWD5kZG5" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right" title="Weighted average, exercise price, expired"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1543">-</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">-</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">-</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">Outstanding, October 31, 2023</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_981_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsOutstandingNumber_iE_c20221101__20231031_zOkUfou7BZu6" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Number of warrants outstanding, ending">1,766,702</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice_iE_pid_c20221101__20231031_zazQ8oJVv6L2" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Weighted average, exercise price, ending">1.12</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_98B_eus-gaap--SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm1_dtY_c20221101__20231031_zrUoU7lqitXl" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Weighted average remaining life in years">3.9</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_986_eus-gaap--SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableIntrinsicValue1_iE_c20221101__20231031_zywaOGo7dk2a" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Intrinsic value, ending">211,200</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">Exercisable, October 31, 2023</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_98A_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableNumber_iE_c20221101__20231031_zndoyscvomf6" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Warrants outstanding, exercisable">1,766,702</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_980_ecustom--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisableExercisePrice_iE_pid_c20221101__20231031_zHAIpYwGLX0l" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Weighted average, exercise price, exercisable">1.12</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_983_ecustom--SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageRemainingExercisableContractualTerm1_dtY_c20221101__20231031_zzwsJODtXu36" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Weighted average remaining life in years, Exercisable">3.9</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_98E_ecustom--SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableIntrinsicValueExercisable_iE_c20221101__20231031_zuPlj20C5f41" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Intrinsic value, exercisable ending">211,200</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> </table> <p id="xdx_8AE_zRmEYljf4xv1" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p id="xdx_891_ecustom--ScheduleOfStockholdersEquityNoteOutstandingAndExercisableWarrantsOrRightsTextBlock_zxcDfvm1RoS3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">A summary of outstanding and exercisable warrants as of October 31, 2023 is presented below:</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_8B0_zxNZlLylVLhb" style="display: none">SCHEDULE OF OUTSTANDING AND EXERCISABLE WARRANTS</span> </span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%"> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td colspan="5" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Warrants Outstanding</b></span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td colspan="5" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Warrants Exercisable</b></span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="text-align: center"> </td><td style="text-align: center"> </td><td style="text-align: center"> </td><td style="text-align: center"> </td> <td style="text-align: center"> </td><td style="text-align: center"> </td><td style="text-align: center"> </td><td style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Weighted</b></span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"> </td><td style="text-align: center"> </td> <td style="text-align: center"> </td><td style="text-align: center"> </td><td style="text-align: center"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="text-align: center"> </td><td style="text-align: center"> </td><td style="text-align: center"> </td><td style="text-align: center"> </td> <td style="text-align: center"> </td><td style="text-align: center"> </td><td style="text-align: center"> </td><td style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Average</b></span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"> </td><td style="text-align: center"> </td> <td style="text-align: center"> </td><td style="text-align: center"> </td><td style="text-align: center"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Exercise</b></span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"> </td><td style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Number of</b></span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"> </td><td style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Remaining</b></span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"> </td><td style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Number of</b></span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Price</b></span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"> </td><td style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Shares</b></span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"> </td><td style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Life in Years</b></span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"> </td><td style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Shares</b></span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_987_eus-gaap--SharebasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansExercisePriceRangeOutstandingOptionsWeightedAverageExercisePriceBeginningBalance1_iI_pid_c20231031__us-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeAxis__custom--ExercisePriceRangeOneMember__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--WarrantMember_zjqj6ZCwNyK5" style="width: 22%; text-align: right" title="Warrant outstanding exercise price">0.01</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 2%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_980_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansExercisePriceRangeNumberOfOutstandingOptions_iI_pid_c20231031__us-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeAxis__custom--ExercisePriceRangeOneMember__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--WarrantMember_zZ0GALWayT6h" style="width: 22%; text-align: right" title="Warrant outstanding number of shares">400,000</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 2%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_988_eus-gaap--SharebasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansExercisePriceRangeOutstandingOptionsWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2_pid_dtY_c20221101__20231031__us-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeAxis__custom--ExercisePriceRangeOneMember__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--WarrantMember_zyp4oaCjO0Ei" style="width: 22%; text-align: right" title="Warrant exercisable, weighted average remaining life in years">4.5</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 2%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_981_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansExercisePriceRangeNumberOfExercisableOptions_iI_pid_c20231031__us-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeAxis__custom--ExercisePriceRangeOneMember__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--WarrantMember_zdfA9baw0xkg" style="width: 20%; text-align: right" title="Warrant exercisable number of shares">400,000</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_98F_eus-gaap--SharebasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansExercisePriceRangeOutstandingOptionsWeightedAverageExercisePriceBeginningBalance1_iI_pid_c20231031__us-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeAxis__custom--ExercisePriceRangeTwoMember__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--WarrantMember_zksKIj25ewN7" style="text-align: right" title="Warrant outstanding exercise price">1.50</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_980_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansExercisePriceRangeNumberOfOutstandingOptions_iI_pid_c20231031__us-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeAxis__custom--ExercisePriceRangeTwoMember__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--WarrantMember_z20GWmWDVH34" style="text-align: right" title="Warrant outstanding number of shares">400,000</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--SharebasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansExercisePriceRangeOutstandingOptionsWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2_pid_dtY_c20221101__20231031__us-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeAxis__custom--ExercisePriceRangeTwoMember__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--WarrantMember_zZRBxgkGAN55" style="text-align: right" title="Warrant exercisable, weighted average remaining life in years">1.1</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansExercisePriceRangeNumberOfExercisableOptions_iI_pid_c20231031__us-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeAxis__custom--ExercisePriceRangeTwoMember__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--WarrantMember_zrPYKHytUaN9" style="text-align: right" title="Warrant exercisable number of shares">400,000</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_98D_eus-gaap--SharebasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansExercisePriceRangeOutstandingOptionsWeightedAverageExercisePriceBeginningBalance1_iI_pid_c20231031__us-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeAxis__custom--ExercisePriceRangeThreeMember__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--WarrantMember_zcHmIucraPFk" style="text-align: right" title="Warrant outstanding exercise price">3.30</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_981_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansExercisePriceRangeNumberOfOutstandingOptions_iI_pid_c20231031__us-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeAxis__custom--ExercisePriceRangeThreeMember__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--WarrantMember_zMJEQzhbavDl" style="text-align: right" title="Warrant outstanding number of shares">100,000</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--SharebasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansExercisePriceRangeOutstandingOptionsWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2_pid_dtY_c20221101__20231031__us-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeAxis__custom--ExercisePriceRangeThreeMember__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--WarrantMember_zNLeAzMvJIgl" style="text-align: right" title="Warrant exercisable, weighted average remaining life in years">4.5</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_986_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansExercisePriceRangeNumberOfExercisableOptions_iI_pid_c20231031__us-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeAxis__custom--ExercisePriceRangeThreeMember__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--WarrantMember_zquuWJCpzUp8" style="text-align: right" title="Warrant exercisable number of shares">100,000</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_981_eus-gaap--SharebasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansExercisePriceRangeOutstandingOptionsWeightedAverageExercisePriceBeginningBalance1_iI_pid_c20231031__us-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeAxis__custom--ExercisePriceRangeFourMember__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--WarrantMember_zD4xr8HmxTMl" style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: right" title="Warrant outstanding exercise price">1.20</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_98B_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansExercisePriceRangeNumberOfOutstandingOptions_iI_pid_c20231031__us-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeAxis__custom--ExercisePriceRangeFourMember__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--WarrantMember_zEy7JmL0FUTb" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right" title="Warrant outstanding number of shares">866,702</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_98F_eus-gaap--SharebasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansExercisePriceRangeOutstandingOptionsWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2_pid_dtY_c20221101__20231031__us-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeAxis__custom--ExercisePriceRangeFourMember__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--WarrantMember_zOx0NN57uv8a" style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: right" title="Warrant exercisable, weighted average remaining life in years">4.9</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_985_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansExercisePriceRangeNumberOfExercisableOptions_iI_pid_c20231031__us-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeAxis__custom--ExercisePriceRangeFourMember__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--WarrantMember_zj654MHFGv81" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right" title="Warrant exercisable number of shares">866,702</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: right"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_98F_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansExercisePriceRangeNumberOfOutstandingOptions_iI_pid_c20231031__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--WarrantMember_zhShvwXccJ93" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Warrant outstanding number of shares">1,766,702</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"> </td> <td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_983_eus-gaap--SharebasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansExercisePriceRangeOutstandingOptionsWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2_pid_dtY_c20221101__20231031__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--WarrantMember_zgtDAzIczOsc" style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: right" title="Warrant exercisable, weighted average remaining life in years">3.9</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_985_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansExercisePriceRangeNumberOfExercisableOptions_iI_pid_c20231031__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--WarrantMember_zz8L2ruodLi5" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Warrant exercisable number of shares">1,766,702</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> </table> <p id="xdx_8A3_zobXzps8hV2l" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Stock Options</i></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i> </i></span></p> <p id="xdx_893_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationStockOptionsActivityTableTextBlock_zA0bRLr0B5y5" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">A summary of the option activity during the years ended October 31, 2023 and 2022 is presented below:</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"> <span id="xdx_8BE_zFKOf1oNp18" style="display: none">SCHEDULE OF STOCK OPTION ACTIVITY</span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%"> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="text-align: center"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Number of</b></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Options</b></span></p></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Weighted</b></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Average</b></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Exercise</b></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Price</b></span></p></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Weighted</b></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Average</b></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Remaining</b></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Life in</b></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Years</b></span></p></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Intrinsic</b></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Value</b></span></p></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td> </td><td> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td><td> </td><td> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td><td> </td><td> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td><td> </td><td> </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"> </td><td> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td>Outstanding, November 1, 2021</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_980_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber_iS_c20211101__20221031__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--EmployeeStockOptionMember_z8srA57ibdhj" style="text-align: right" title="Number of stock option, beginning"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1603">-</span></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_98F_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice_iS_pid_c20211101__20221031__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--EmployeeStockOptionMember_zWK1ssR0eQCj" style="text-align: right" title="Weighted average, exercise price, beginning balance"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1605">-</span></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_98D_eus-gaap--SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2_c20201101__20211031__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--EmployeeStockOptionMember_zz0e5Uf7ire9" style="text-align: right" title="Weighted average remaining life in years"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1607">-</span></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingIntrinsicValue_iS_c20211101__20221031__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--EmployeeStockOptionMember_znkunRAUnlRc" style="text-align: right" title="Intrinsic value, beginning"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1609">-</span></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Issued</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_986_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriod_c20211101__20221031__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--EmployeeStockOptionMember_zIrAHaoxnET7" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right" title="Number of options issued"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1611">-</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_985_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice_pid_c20211101__20221031__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--EmployeeStockOptionMember_zwe78hebcT52" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right" title="Weighted average, exercise price, issued"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1613">-</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">-</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">-</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td>Outstanding, November 1, 2022</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_984_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber_iS_c20221101__20231031__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--EmployeeStockOptionMember_zVz22aln6VN1" style="text-align: right" title="Number of stock option, beginning"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1615">-</span></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_988_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice_iS_pid_c20221101__20231031__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--EmployeeStockOptionMember_zrzf5qEos7wj" style="text-align: right" title="Weighted average, exercise price, beginning"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1617">-</span></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2_c20211101__20221031__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--EmployeeStockOptionMember_zQDHutQJQsl9" style="text-align: right" title="Weighted average remaining life in years"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1619">-</span></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_98F_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingIntrinsicValue_iS_c20221101__20231031__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--EmployeeStockOptionMember_zvF2FH33aMl" style="text-align: right" title="Intrinsic value, beginning"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1621">-</span></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="width: 44%">Issued</td><td style="width: 2%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_98F_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriod_c20221101__20231031__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--EmployeeStockOptionMember_zHAbNf0Fvxg8" style="width: 10%; text-align: right" title="Number of options issued">120,000</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 2%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_983_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice_pid_c20221101__20231031__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--EmployeeStockOptionMember_zq1iZxu6jkBl" style="width: 10%; text-align: right" title="Weighted average, exercise price, issued">0.52</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 2%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_987_ecustom--SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsIssuedWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2_dtY_c20221101__20231031__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--EmployeeStockOptionMember_zYOeCGiwg3Hj" style="width: 10%; text-align: right" title="Weighted average remaining life in years">4.8</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 2%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_98C_ecustom--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodIssuedIntrinsicValue_c20221101__20231031__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--EmployeeStockOptionMember_zLiEAQhPcefi" style="width: 10%; text-align: right" title="Intrinsic value, issued">1,800</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td>Exercised</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_988_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised_c20221101__20231031__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--EmployeeStockOptionMember_zkgRFTmWWb81" style="text-align: right" title="Number of options exercised"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1631">-</span></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice_pid_c20221101__20231031__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--EmployeeStockOptionMember_zXsb7uWrIU6a" style="text-align: right" title="Weighted average, exercise price, exercised"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1633">-</span></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">-</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">-</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td>Cancelled</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_987_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresInPeriod_c20221101__20231031__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--EmployeeStockOptionMember_zIkzYhql18o2" style="text-align: right" title="Number of options cancelled"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1635">-</span></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_984_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice_pid_c20221101__20231031__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--EmployeeStockOptionMember_zkqUrc9J5dg9" style="text-align: right" title="Weighted average, exercise price, cancelled"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1637">-</span></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">-</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">-</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Expired</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_983_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExpirationsInPeriod_c20221101__20231031__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--EmployeeStockOptionMember_z2wpr9lqLRi3" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right" title="Number of options, expired"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1639">-</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice_pid_c20221101__20231031__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--EmployeeStockOptionMember_zUGGbwWRgdCa" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right" title="Weighted average, exercise price, expired"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1641">-</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">-</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">-</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">Outstanding, October 31, 2023</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_987_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber_iE_c20221101__20231031__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--EmployeeStockOptionMember_zGc038rDvfE2" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Number of stock option, beginning">120,000</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice_iE_pid_c20221101__20231031__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--EmployeeStockOptionMember_zoYY73eVyWcg" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Weighted average, exercise price, ending balance">0.52</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2_dtY_c20221101__20231031__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--EmployeeStockOptionMember_zLQo2H4MMhG4" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Weighted average remaining life in years">4.8</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_98B_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingIntrinsicValue_iE_c20221101__20231031__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--EmployeeStockOptionMember_zHUw4qtXfRp8" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Intrinsic value, ending">1,800</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">Exercisable, October 31, 2023</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_983_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableNumber_iE_c20221101__20231031__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--EmployeeStockOptionMember_zwRinSceAn0i" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Number of shares warrant exercisable, balance">90,000</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_981_ecustom--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisableExercisePrice_iE_pid_c20221101__20231031__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--EmployeeStockOptionMember_z5ygKTv2CCV6" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Weighted average exercise price excercisable ending balance">0.52</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_98D_ecustom--SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageRemainingExercisableContractualTerm1_dtY_c20221101__20231031__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--EmployeeStockOptionMember_zJoESwG8TTTd" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Weighted average remaining life in years, Exercisable">4.8</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_985_ecustom--SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableIntrinsicValueExercisable_iE_c20221101__20231031__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--EmployeeStockOptionMember_zKbYy44UuIs5" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Intrinsic value, exercisable issued">1,350</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> </table> <p id="xdx_8A7_zUOBdrub3NF4" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p id="xdx_894_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeTextBlock_za3ioH2JtJCk" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">A summary of outstanding and exercisable options as of October 31, 2023 and 2022 is presented below:</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span id="xdx_8BA_zCVePDKysTH3" style="display: none">SCHEDULE OF OUTSTANDING AND EXERCISABLE OPTIONS</span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%"> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"> </td><td colspan="5" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Options Outstanding</b></span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"> </td><td style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"> </td><td colspan="5" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Options Exercisable</b></span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="text-align: center"> </td><td style="text-align: center"> </td><td style="text-align: center"> </td><td style="text-align: center"> </td> <td style="text-align: center"> </td><td style="text-align: center"> </td><td style="text-align: center"> </td><td style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Weighted</b></span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"> </td><td style="text-align: center"> </td> <td style="text-align: center"> </td><td style="text-align: center"> </td><td style="text-align: center"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="text-align: center"> </td><td style="text-align: center"> </td><td style="text-align: center"> </td><td style="text-align: center"> </td> <td style="text-align: center"> </td><td style="text-align: center"> </td><td style="text-align: center"> </td><td style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Average</b></span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"> </td><td style="text-align: center"> </td> <td style="text-align: center"> </td><td style="text-align: center"> </td><td style="text-align: center"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Exercise</b></span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"> </td><td style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Number of</b></span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"> </td><td style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Remaining</b></span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"> </td><td style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Number of</b></span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Price</b></span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"> </td><td style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Shares</b></span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"> </td><td style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Life in Years</b></span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"> </td><td style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Shares</b></span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_985_eus-gaap--SharebasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansExercisePriceRangeOutstandingOptionsWeightedAverageExercisePriceBeginningBalance1_iI_pid_c20231031__us-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeAxis__custom--ExercisePriceRangeOneMember__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--EmployeeStockOptionMember_zy1TuWnUGgAc" style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; width: 22%; text-align: right" title="Options outstanding exercise price">0.52</td><td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 2%; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_98B_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansExercisePriceRangeNumberOfOutstandingOptions_iI_pid_c20231031__us-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeAxis__custom--ExercisePriceRangeOneMember__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--EmployeeStockOptionMember_zB8c4BwMZ4u6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; width: 22%; text-align: right" title="Options outstanding number of shares">120,000</td><td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 2%; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_98F_eus-gaap--SharebasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansExercisePriceRangeOutstandingOptionsWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2_dtY_c20221101__20231031__us-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeAxis__custom--ExercisePriceRangeOneMember__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--EmployeeStockOptionMember_zPsMWnic7Ega" style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; width: 22%; text-align: right" title="Options exercisable, weighted average remaining life in years">4.8</td><td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 2%; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansExercisePriceRangeNumberOfExercisableOptions_iI_pid_c20231031__us-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeAxis__custom--ExercisePriceRangeOneMember__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--EmployeeStockOptionMember_zYICfpRot8zh" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; width: 20%; text-align: right" title="Options exercisable number of shares">90,000</td><td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: right"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_98F_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansExercisePriceRangeNumberOfOutstandingOptions_iI_pid_c20231031__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--EmployeeStockOptionMember_z95MO5aZ4gw8" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Options outstanding number of shares">120,000</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"> </td> <td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_987_eus-gaap--SharebasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansExercisePriceRangeOutstandingOptionsWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2_pid_dtY_c20221101__20231031__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--EmployeeStockOptionMember_zNr1jrX4qdJg" style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: right" title="Options exercisable, weighted average remaining life in years">4.8</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_984_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansExercisePriceRangeNumberOfExercisableOptions_iI_pid_c20231031__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--EmployeeStockOptionMember_zKpL4yD0g6d9" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Options exercisable number of shares">90,000</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> </table> <p id="xdx_8A9_zaXA3ZZPw1ke" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On August 15, 2023, the Company issued five-year options to purchase <span id="xdx_90E_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodGross_c20230815__20230815__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--EmployeeStockOptionMember__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--ConsultantMember_zfIcL7YHDikc" title="Number of shares issued">120,000</span> shares of the Company’s common stock to a consultant of the Company, pursuant to the Plan. The options have an exercise price of $<span id="xdx_90C_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice_iI_c20230815__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--EmployeeStockOptionMember__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--ConsultantMember_ziYRPHg7sC4j" title="Options exercise price">0.52</span> per share and vest monthly over a period of <span id="xdx_905_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardAwardVestingPeriod1_dtM_c20230815__20230815__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--EmployeeStockOptionMember__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--ConsultantMember_zPhG01RtukS5" title="Number of options vesting period">24</span> months, beginning on the vesting commencement date. The options have a grant date fair value of $<span id="xdx_904_ecustom--SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantInPeriodFairValue1_c20230815__20230815__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--EmployeeStockOptionMember__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--ConsultantMember_zYxqXDJg1bI1" title="Number of options granted fair value">55,711</span>, which will be recognized over the vesting term.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p id="xdx_898_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfShareBasedPaymentAwardStockOptionsValuationAssumptionsTableTextBlock_zvblS90BQRBa" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The assumptions used in the Black-Scholes valuation method for these options issued in 2023 were as follows:</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span><span id="xdx_8B8_z9yoShxi56Zc" style="display: none">SCHEDULE OF ASSUMPTIONS USED IN BLACK-SCHOLES VALUATION METHOD FOR OPTIONS</span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 84%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Risk free interest rate</span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 15%; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsRiskFreeInterestRate_pid_dp_c20221101__20231031_zeBdumx0stAb" title="Risk free interest rate">4.36</span>%</span></td></tr> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Expected term (years)</span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_90F_eus-gaap--SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedTerm1_dtY_c20221101__20231031_zvfGDRRUVpMd" title="Expected term (years)">5.0</span></span></td></tr> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Expected volatility</span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_901_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedVolatilityRate_pid_dp_c20221101__20231031_zOZm0wPrxbwi" title="Expected volatility">137.1</span>%</span></td></tr> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Expected dividends</span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedDividendRate_pid_dp_c20221101__20231031_zaf8p5UxI3Bh" title="Expected dividends">0</span>%</span></td></tr> </table> <p id="xdx_8AF_z5tTXQ130z75" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b> </b></span></p> 500000000 490000000 0.0001 10000000 0.0001 50 994091 4500000 0.0001 0.29 1322933 60000 0.0001 300000 0.29 88200 88200 0 0 1100000 0.29 1100000 323400 161700 6202 155498 400000 400000 0.0001 1.00 2000000 3.00 6000000 375000 0.25 4500000 3.00 12500 2.00 25000 700000 2.15 1505000 440219 0 1064781 25000 100000 100000 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 2.10 0.88 1.21 52500 88000 121000 48000 0.0001 1.67 80159 the Company issued a Form S-1/A, which registered for resale (i) up to 3,149,314 shares of common stock, par value $0.0001 per share which the selling stockholders may acquire upon the exercise of outstanding common warrants and (ii) up to 500,000 shares of common stock, which the selling stockholders may acquire upon the exercise of outstanding pre-funded warrants. Such warrants were issued to the selling stockholders in connection with securities purchase agreements entered into on January 28, 2022 and September 20, 2022. The Company recorded 699,848 shares of common stock that are not exercised but registered in accordance with their common warrant agreements and 500,000 shares of common stock that are not exercised but registered in accordance with their pre-funded warrant agreements upon the filing of this Form S-1/A 200000 1.07 213000 425000 0.0001 0.64 273275 96016 0 177259 1000000 0.27 271000 The restricted stock grant vests over a period of two years, with 25% of the shares of restricted stock vesting six months after the Peterson Employment Agreement Effective Date, and the remainder vesting in equal tranches on each of the 12-, 18-, and 24-month anniversary dates of the Peterson Employment Agreement 3341 267659 50 994091 P3Y 92 50 2519451 1.03 P3Y i) the exercise price was reduced from $1.03 to $0.80 and ii) the number of warrants was increased by a factor of 1.25 or 489,893 warrants in order to induce full, immediate exercise. 2449466 1959573 0.80 146938 1812635 1959573 1.43 1.03 P3Y 1.36 0 4.54 2449466 1.53 0.80 P3Y 1.36 0 4.54 300000 (i) reduce the exercise price of the warrant from an exercise price of $1.03 per share to $0.11 per share and (ii) add a customary cashless exercise provision to the warrant. 451831 559878 0.57 1.03 P3Y 1.48 0 4.82 451831 0.57 0.11 P3Y 1.48 0 4.82 1000 400000 100000 3.30 1.10 <p id="xdx_891_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfStockholdersEquityNoteWarrantsOrRightsTextBlock_za9MpAggsrhd" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">A summary of the warrant activity during the years ended October 31, 2023 and 2022 is presented below:</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">  <span id="xdx_8BA_zftMuBMGzQe2" style="display: none">SCHEDULE OF WARRANT ACTIVITY</span></span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%"> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="text-align: center"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Number of</b></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Warrants</b></span></p></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Weighted</b></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Average</b></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Exercise</b></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Price</b></span></p></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Weighted</b></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Average</b></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Remaining</b></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Life in</b></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Years</b></span></p></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Intrinsic</b></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Value</b></span></p></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td> </td><td> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td><td> </td><td> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td><td> </td><td> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td><td> </td><td> </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"> </td><td> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td>Outstanding, November 1, 2021</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsOutstandingNumber_iS_c20211101__20221031_zAd9AA1N3REd" style="text-align: right" title="Number of warrants outstanding, beginning"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1503">-</span></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice_iS_pid_c20211101__20221031_zuCH1AMVrrm9" style="text-align: right" title="Weighted average, exercise price, beginning"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1505">-</span></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm1_c20201101__20211031_zwvPICpNENJg" style="text-align: right" title="Weighted average remaining life in years"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1507">-</span></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableIntrinsicValue1_iS_c20211101__20221031_zNtJ2NJlGNGe" style="text-align: right" title="Intrinsic value, beginning"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1509">-</span></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Issued</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_98F_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsGranted_c20211101__20221031_zKSh5rnnbE24" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right" title="Number of warrants issued"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1511">-</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_984_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice_pid_c20211101__20221031_zIieBLlwl9R" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right" title="Weighted average, exercise price, issued"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1513">-</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_987_ecustom--SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm_c20211101__20221031_zCR8gXMxETxc" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right" title="Weighted average remaining life in years"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1515">-</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">-</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td>Outstanding, November 1, 2022</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_987_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsOutstandingNumber_iS_c20221101__20231031_zFUT8UZIDI3e" style="text-align: right" title="Number of warrants outstanding, beginning"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1517">-</span></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice_iS_pid_c20211101__20221031_zkGNs7SjHYP9" style="text-align: right" title="Weighted average, exercise price, beginning"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1519">-</span></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm1_c20211101__20221031_zZcT0xFWLZkb" style="text-align: right" title="Weighted average remaining life in years"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1521">-</span></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableIntrinsicValue1_iS_c20221101__20231031_zpCNZxlM249g" style="text-align: right" title="Intrinsic value, beginning"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1523">-</span></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="width: 44%">Issued</td><td style="width: 2%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsGranted_c20221101__20231031_zSlQyBOEtg1g" style="width: 10%; text-align: right" title="Number of warrants issued">4,776,046</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 2%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_988_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice_pid_c20221101__20231031_z5WUutkU3Ac1" style="width: 10%; text-align: right" title="Weighted average, exercise price, issued">1.04</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 2%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_98C_ecustom--SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm_dtY_c20221101__20231031_zKsA8kLnudaj" style="width: 10%; text-align: right" title="Weighted average remaining life in years">3.1</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 2%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 10%; text-align: right">-</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td>Exercised</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_98D_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsExercised_iN_di_c20221101__20231031_zJj4YYmvAwc" style="text-align: right" title="Number of warrants exercised">(2,901,298</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_988_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice_pid_c20221101__20231031_zOjjs5oBZzTl" style="text-align: right" title="Weighted average, exercise price, exercised">1.03</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_980_ecustom--SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisedWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm_c20221101__20231031_zjKVAqL7hhcd" style="text-align: right" title="Weighted average remaining life in years, exercised"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1535">-</span></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">-</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td>Cancelled</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_98F_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsForfeitures_c20221101__20231031_z2YA1q1219h" style="text-align: right" title="Number of warrants cancelled"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1537">-</span></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_988_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice_pid_c20221101__20231031_zuA5BAjkgh9j" style="text-align: right" title="Weighted average, exercise price, cancelled"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1539">-</span></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">-</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">-</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Expired</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsExpirations_iN_di_c20221101__20231031_zHB0RxqMqJ62" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right" title="Number of warrants expired">(108,047</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_98F_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExpirationsInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice_pid_c20221101__20231031_zCyWFWD5kZG5" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right" title="Weighted average, exercise price, expired"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1543">-</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">-</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">-</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">Outstanding, October 31, 2023</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_981_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsOutstandingNumber_iE_c20221101__20231031_zOkUfou7BZu6" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Number of warrants outstanding, ending">1,766,702</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice_iE_pid_c20221101__20231031_zazQ8oJVv6L2" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Weighted average, exercise price, ending">1.12</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_98B_eus-gaap--SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm1_dtY_c20221101__20231031_zrUoU7lqitXl" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Weighted average remaining life in years">3.9</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_986_eus-gaap--SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableIntrinsicValue1_iE_c20221101__20231031_zywaOGo7dk2a" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Intrinsic value, ending">211,200</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">Exercisable, October 31, 2023</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_98A_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableNumber_iE_c20221101__20231031_zndoyscvomf6" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Warrants outstanding, exercisable">1,766,702</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_980_ecustom--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisableExercisePrice_iE_pid_c20221101__20231031_zHAIpYwGLX0l" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Weighted average, exercise price, exercisable">1.12</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_983_ecustom--SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageRemainingExercisableContractualTerm1_dtY_c20221101__20231031_zzwsJODtXu36" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Weighted average remaining life in years, Exercisable">3.9</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_98E_ecustom--SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableIntrinsicValueExercisable_iE_c20221101__20231031_zuPlj20C5f41" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Intrinsic value, exercisable ending">211,200</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> </table> 4776046 1.04 P3Y1M6D 2901298 1.03 108047 1766702 1.12 P3Y10M24D 211200 1766702 1.12 P3Y10M24D 211200 <p id="xdx_891_ecustom--ScheduleOfStockholdersEquityNoteOutstandingAndExercisableWarrantsOrRightsTextBlock_zxcDfvm1RoS3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">A summary of outstanding and exercisable warrants as of October 31, 2023 is presented below:</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_8B0_zxNZlLylVLhb" style="display: none">SCHEDULE OF OUTSTANDING AND EXERCISABLE WARRANTS</span> </span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%"> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td colspan="5" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Warrants Outstanding</b></span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td colspan="5" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Warrants Exercisable</b></span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="text-align: center"> </td><td style="text-align: center"> </td><td style="text-align: center"> </td><td style="text-align: center"> </td> <td style="text-align: center"> </td><td style="text-align: center"> </td><td style="text-align: center"> </td><td style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Weighted</b></span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"> </td><td style="text-align: center"> </td> <td style="text-align: center"> </td><td style="text-align: center"> </td><td style="text-align: center"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="text-align: center"> </td><td style="text-align: center"> </td><td style="text-align: center"> </td><td style="text-align: center"> </td> <td style="text-align: center"> </td><td style="text-align: center"> </td><td style="text-align: center"> </td><td style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Average</b></span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"> </td><td style="text-align: center"> </td> <td style="text-align: center"> </td><td style="text-align: center"> </td><td style="text-align: center"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Exercise</b></span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"> </td><td style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Number of</b></span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"> </td><td style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Remaining</b></span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"> </td><td style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Number of</b></span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Price</b></span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"> </td><td style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Shares</b></span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"> </td><td style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Life in Years</b></span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"> </td><td style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Shares</b></span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_987_eus-gaap--SharebasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansExercisePriceRangeOutstandingOptionsWeightedAverageExercisePriceBeginningBalance1_iI_pid_c20231031__us-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeAxis__custom--ExercisePriceRangeOneMember__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--WarrantMember_zjqj6ZCwNyK5" style="width: 22%; text-align: right" title="Warrant outstanding exercise price">0.01</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 2%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_980_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansExercisePriceRangeNumberOfOutstandingOptions_iI_pid_c20231031__us-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeAxis__custom--ExercisePriceRangeOneMember__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--WarrantMember_zZ0GALWayT6h" style="width: 22%; text-align: right" title="Warrant outstanding number of shares">400,000</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 2%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_988_eus-gaap--SharebasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansExercisePriceRangeOutstandingOptionsWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2_pid_dtY_c20221101__20231031__us-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeAxis__custom--ExercisePriceRangeOneMember__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--WarrantMember_zyp4oaCjO0Ei" style="width: 22%; text-align: right" title="Warrant exercisable, weighted average remaining life in years">4.5</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 2%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_981_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansExercisePriceRangeNumberOfExercisableOptions_iI_pid_c20231031__us-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeAxis__custom--ExercisePriceRangeOneMember__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--WarrantMember_zdfA9baw0xkg" style="width: 20%; text-align: right" title="Warrant exercisable number of shares">400,000</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_98F_eus-gaap--SharebasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansExercisePriceRangeOutstandingOptionsWeightedAverageExercisePriceBeginningBalance1_iI_pid_c20231031__us-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeAxis__custom--ExercisePriceRangeTwoMember__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--WarrantMember_zksKIj25ewN7" style="text-align: right" title="Warrant outstanding exercise price">1.50</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_980_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansExercisePriceRangeNumberOfOutstandingOptions_iI_pid_c20231031__us-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeAxis__custom--ExercisePriceRangeTwoMember__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--WarrantMember_z20GWmWDVH34" style="text-align: right" title="Warrant outstanding number of shares">400,000</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--SharebasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansExercisePriceRangeOutstandingOptionsWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2_pid_dtY_c20221101__20231031__us-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeAxis__custom--ExercisePriceRangeTwoMember__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--WarrantMember_zZRBxgkGAN55" style="text-align: right" title="Warrant exercisable, weighted average remaining life in years">1.1</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansExercisePriceRangeNumberOfExercisableOptions_iI_pid_c20231031__us-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeAxis__custom--ExercisePriceRangeTwoMember__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--WarrantMember_zrPYKHytUaN9" style="text-align: right" title="Warrant exercisable number of shares">400,000</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_98D_eus-gaap--SharebasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansExercisePriceRangeOutstandingOptionsWeightedAverageExercisePriceBeginningBalance1_iI_pid_c20231031__us-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeAxis__custom--ExercisePriceRangeThreeMember__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--WarrantMember_zcHmIucraPFk" style="text-align: right" title="Warrant outstanding exercise price">3.30</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_981_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansExercisePriceRangeNumberOfOutstandingOptions_iI_pid_c20231031__us-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeAxis__custom--ExercisePriceRangeThreeMember__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--WarrantMember_zMJEQzhbavDl" style="text-align: right" title="Warrant outstanding number of shares">100,000</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--SharebasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansExercisePriceRangeOutstandingOptionsWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2_pid_dtY_c20221101__20231031__us-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeAxis__custom--ExercisePriceRangeThreeMember__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--WarrantMember_zNLeAzMvJIgl" style="text-align: right" title="Warrant exercisable, weighted average remaining life in years">4.5</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_986_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansExercisePriceRangeNumberOfExercisableOptions_iI_pid_c20231031__us-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeAxis__custom--ExercisePriceRangeThreeMember__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--WarrantMember_zquuWJCpzUp8" style="text-align: right" title="Warrant exercisable number of shares">100,000</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_981_eus-gaap--SharebasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansExercisePriceRangeOutstandingOptionsWeightedAverageExercisePriceBeginningBalance1_iI_pid_c20231031__us-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeAxis__custom--ExercisePriceRangeFourMember__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--WarrantMember_zD4xr8HmxTMl" style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: right" title="Warrant outstanding exercise price">1.20</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_98B_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansExercisePriceRangeNumberOfOutstandingOptions_iI_pid_c20231031__us-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeAxis__custom--ExercisePriceRangeFourMember__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--WarrantMember_zEy7JmL0FUTb" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right" title="Warrant outstanding number of shares">866,702</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_98F_eus-gaap--SharebasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansExercisePriceRangeOutstandingOptionsWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2_pid_dtY_c20221101__20231031__us-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeAxis__custom--ExercisePriceRangeFourMember__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--WarrantMember_zOx0NN57uv8a" style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: right" title="Warrant exercisable, weighted average remaining life in years">4.9</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_985_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansExercisePriceRangeNumberOfExercisableOptions_iI_pid_c20231031__us-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeAxis__custom--ExercisePriceRangeFourMember__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--WarrantMember_zj654MHFGv81" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right" title="Warrant exercisable number of shares">866,702</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: right"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_98F_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansExercisePriceRangeNumberOfOutstandingOptions_iI_pid_c20231031__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--WarrantMember_zhShvwXccJ93" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Warrant outstanding number of shares">1,766,702</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"> </td> <td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_983_eus-gaap--SharebasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansExercisePriceRangeOutstandingOptionsWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2_pid_dtY_c20221101__20231031__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--WarrantMember_zgtDAzIczOsc" style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: right" title="Warrant exercisable, weighted average remaining life in years">3.9</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_985_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansExercisePriceRangeNumberOfExercisableOptions_iI_pid_c20231031__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--WarrantMember_zz8L2ruodLi5" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Warrant exercisable number of shares">1,766,702</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> </table> 0.01 400000 P4Y6M 400000 1.50 400000 P1Y1M6D 400000 3.30 100000 P4Y6M 100000 1.20 866702 P4Y10M24D 866702 1766702 P3Y10M24D 1766702 <p id="xdx_893_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationStockOptionsActivityTableTextBlock_zA0bRLr0B5y5" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">A summary of the option activity during the years ended October 31, 2023 and 2022 is presented below:</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"> <span id="xdx_8BE_zFKOf1oNp18" style="display: none">SCHEDULE OF STOCK OPTION ACTIVITY</span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%"> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="text-align: center"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Number of</b></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Options</b></span></p></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Weighted</b></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Average</b></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Exercise</b></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Price</b></span></p></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Weighted</b></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Average</b></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Remaining</b></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Life in</b></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Years</b></span></p></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Intrinsic</b></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Value</b></span></p></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td> </td><td> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td><td> </td><td> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td><td> </td><td> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td><td> </td><td> </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"> </td><td> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td>Outstanding, November 1, 2021</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_980_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber_iS_c20211101__20221031__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--EmployeeStockOptionMember_z8srA57ibdhj" style="text-align: right" title="Number of stock option, beginning"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1603">-</span></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_98F_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice_iS_pid_c20211101__20221031__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--EmployeeStockOptionMember_zWK1ssR0eQCj" style="text-align: right" title="Weighted average, exercise price, beginning balance"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1605">-</span></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_98D_eus-gaap--SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2_c20201101__20211031__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--EmployeeStockOptionMember_zz0e5Uf7ire9" style="text-align: right" title="Weighted average remaining life in years"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1607">-</span></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingIntrinsicValue_iS_c20211101__20221031__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--EmployeeStockOptionMember_znkunRAUnlRc" style="text-align: right" title="Intrinsic value, beginning"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1609">-</span></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Issued</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_986_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriod_c20211101__20221031__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--EmployeeStockOptionMember_zIrAHaoxnET7" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right" title="Number of options issued"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1611">-</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_985_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice_pid_c20211101__20221031__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--EmployeeStockOptionMember_zwe78hebcT52" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right" title="Weighted average, exercise price, issued"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1613">-</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">-</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">-</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td>Outstanding, November 1, 2022</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_984_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber_iS_c20221101__20231031__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--EmployeeStockOptionMember_zVz22aln6VN1" style="text-align: right" title="Number of stock option, beginning"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1615">-</span></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_988_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice_iS_pid_c20221101__20231031__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--EmployeeStockOptionMember_zrzf5qEos7wj" style="text-align: right" title="Weighted average, exercise price, beginning"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1617">-</span></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2_c20211101__20221031__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--EmployeeStockOptionMember_zQDHutQJQsl9" style="text-align: right" title="Weighted average remaining life in years"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1619">-</span></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_98F_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingIntrinsicValue_iS_c20221101__20231031__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--EmployeeStockOptionMember_zvF2FH33aMl" style="text-align: right" title="Intrinsic value, beginning"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1621">-</span></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="width: 44%">Issued</td><td style="width: 2%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_98F_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriod_c20221101__20231031__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--EmployeeStockOptionMember_zHAbNf0Fvxg8" style="width: 10%; text-align: right" title="Number of options issued">120,000</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 2%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_983_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice_pid_c20221101__20231031__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--EmployeeStockOptionMember_zq1iZxu6jkBl" style="width: 10%; text-align: right" title="Weighted average, exercise price, issued">0.52</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 2%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_987_ecustom--SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsIssuedWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2_dtY_c20221101__20231031__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--EmployeeStockOptionMember_zYOeCGiwg3Hj" style="width: 10%; text-align: right" title="Weighted average remaining life in years">4.8</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 2%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_98C_ecustom--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodIssuedIntrinsicValue_c20221101__20231031__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--EmployeeStockOptionMember_zLiEAQhPcefi" style="width: 10%; text-align: right" title="Intrinsic value, issued">1,800</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td>Exercised</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_988_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised_c20221101__20231031__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--EmployeeStockOptionMember_zkgRFTmWWb81" style="text-align: right" title="Number of options exercised"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1631">-</span></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice_pid_c20221101__20231031__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--EmployeeStockOptionMember_zXsb7uWrIU6a" style="text-align: right" title="Weighted average, exercise price, exercised"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1633">-</span></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">-</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">-</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td>Cancelled</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_987_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresInPeriod_c20221101__20231031__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--EmployeeStockOptionMember_zIkzYhql18o2" style="text-align: right" title="Number of options cancelled"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1635">-</span></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_984_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice_pid_c20221101__20231031__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--EmployeeStockOptionMember_zkqUrc9J5dg9" style="text-align: right" title="Weighted average, exercise price, cancelled"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1637">-</span></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">-</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">-</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Expired</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_983_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExpirationsInPeriod_c20221101__20231031__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--EmployeeStockOptionMember_z2wpr9lqLRi3" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right" title="Number of options, expired"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1639">-</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice_pid_c20221101__20231031__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--EmployeeStockOptionMember_zUGGbwWRgdCa" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right" title="Weighted average, exercise price, expired"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1641">-</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">-</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">-</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">Outstanding, October 31, 2023</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_987_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber_iE_c20221101__20231031__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--EmployeeStockOptionMember_zGc038rDvfE2" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Number of stock option, beginning">120,000</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice_iE_pid_c20221101__20231031__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--EmployeeStockOptionMember_zoYY73eVyWcg" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Weighted average, exercise price, ending balance">0.52</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2_dtY_c20221101__20231031__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--EmployeeStockOptionMember_zLQo2H4MMhG4" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Weighted average remaining life in years">4.8</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_98B_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingIntrinsicValue_iE_c20221101__20231031__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--EmployeeStockOptionMember_zHUw4qtXfRp8" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Intrinsic value, ending">1,800</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">Exercisable, October 31, 2023</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_983_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableNumber_iE_c20221101__20231031__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--EmployeeStockOptionMember_zwRinSceAn0i" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Number of shares warrant exercisable, balance">90,000</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_981_ecustom--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisableExercisePrice_iE_pid_c20221101__20231031__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--EmployeeStockOptionMember_z5ygKTv2CCV6" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Weighted average exercise price excercisable ending balance">0.52</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_98D_ecustom--SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageRemainingExercisableContractualTerm1_dtY_c20221101__20231031__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--EmployeeStockOptionMember_zJoESwG8TTTd" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Weighted average remaining life in years, Exercisable">4.8</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_985_ecustom--SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableIntrinsicValueExercisable_iE_c20221101__20231031__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--EmployeeStockOptionMember_zKbYy44UuIs5" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Intrinsic value, exercisable issued">1,350</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> </table> 120000 0.52 P4Y9M18D 1800 120000 0.52 P4Y9M18D 1800 90000 0.52 P4Y9M18D 1350 <p id="xdx_894_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeTextBlock_za3ioH2JtJCk" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">A summary of outstanding and exercisable options as of October 31, 2023 and 2022 is presented below:</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span id="xdx_8BA_zCVePDKysTH3" style="display: none">SCHEDULE OF OUTSTANDING AND EXERCISABLE OPTIONS</span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%"> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"> </td><td colspan="5" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Options Outstanding</b></span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"> </td><td style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"> </td><td colspan="5" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Options Exercisable</b></span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="text-align: center"> </td><td style="text-align: center"> </td><td style="text-align: center"> </td><td style="text-align: center"> </td> <td style="text-align: center"> </td><td style="text-align: center"> </td><td style="text-align: center"> </td><td style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Weighted</b></span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"> </td><td style="text-align: center"> </td> <td style="text-align: center"> </td><td style="text-align: center"> </td><td style="text-align: center"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="text-align: center"> </td><td style="text-align: center"> </td><td style="text-align: center"> </td><td style="text-align: center"> </td> <td style="text-align: center"> </td><td style="text-align: center"> </td><td style="text-align: center"> </td><td style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Average</b></span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"> </td><td style="text-align: center"> </td> <td style="text-align: center"> </td><td style="text-align: center"> </td><td style="text-align: center"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Exercise</b></span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"> </td><td style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Number of</b></span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"> </td><td style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Remaining</b></span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"> </td><td style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Number of</b></span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Price</b></span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"> </td><td style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Shares</b></span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"> </td><td style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Life in Years</b></span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"> </td><td style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Shares</b></span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_985_eus-gaap--SharebasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansExercisePriceRangeOutstandingOptionsWeightedAverageExercisePriceBeginningBalance1_iI_pid_c20231031__us-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeAxis__custom--ExercisePriceRangeOneMember__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--EmployeeStockOptionMember_zy1TuWnUGgAc" style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; width: 22%; text-align: right" title="Options outstanding exercise price">0.52</td><td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 2%; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_98B_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansExercisePriceRangeNumberOfOutstandingOptions_iI_pid_c20231031__us-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeAxis__custom--ExercisePriceRangeOneMember__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--EmployeeStockOptionMember_zB8c4BwMZ4u6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; width: 22%; text-align: right" title="Options outstanding number of shares">120,000</td><td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 2%; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_98F_eus-gaap--SharebasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansExercisePriceRangeOutstandingOptionsWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2_dtY_c20221101__20231031__us-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeAxis__custom--ExercisePriceRangeOneMember__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--EmployeeStockOptionMember_zPsMWnic7Ega" style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; width: 22%; text-align: right" title="Options exercisable, weighted average remaining life in years">4.8</td><td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 2%; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansExercisePriceRangeNumberOfExercisableOptions_iI_pid_c20231031__us-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeAxis__custom--ExercisePriceRangeOneMember__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--EmployeeStockOptionMember_zYICfpRot8zh" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; width: 20%; text-align: right" title="Options exercisable number of shares">90,000</td><td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: right"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_98F_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansExercisePriceRangeNumberOfOutstandingOptions_iI_pid_c20231031__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--EmployeeStockOptionMember_z95MO5aZ4gw8" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Options outstanding number of shares">120,000</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"> </td> <td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_987_eus-gaap--SharebasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansExercisePriceRangeOutstandingOptionsWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2_pid_dtY_c20221101__20231031__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--EmployeeStockOptionMember_zNr1jrX4qdJg" style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: right" title="Options exercisable, weighted average remaining life in years">4.8</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"> </td><td id="xdx_984_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansExercisePriceRangeNumberOfExercisableOptions_iI_pid_c20231031__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--EmployeeStockOptionMember_zKpL4yD0g6d9" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Options exercisable number of shares">90,000</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> </table> 0.52 120000 P4Y9M18D 90000 120000 P4Y9M18D 90000 120000 0.52 P24M 55711 <p id="xdx_898_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfShareBasedPaymentAwardStockOptionsValuationAssumptionsTableTextBlock_zvblS90BQRBa" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The assumptions used in the Black-Scholes valuation method for these options issued in 2023 were as follows:</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span><span id="xdx_8B8_z9yoShxi56Zc" style="display: none">SCHEDULE OF ASSUMPTIONS USED IN BLACK-SCHOLES VALUATION METHOD FOR OPTIONS</span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 84%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Risk free interest rate</span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 15%; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsRiskFreeInterestRate_pid_dp_c20221101__20231031_zeBdumx0stAb" title="Risk free interest rate">4.36</span>%</span></td></tr> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Expected term (years)</span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_90F_eus-gaap--SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedTerm1_dtY_c20221101__20231031_zvfGDRRUVpMd" title="Expected term (years)">5.0</span></span></td></tr> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Expected volatility</span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_901_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedVolatilityRate_pid_dp_c20221101__20231031_zOZm0wPrxbwi" title="Expected volatility">137.1</span>%</span></td></tr> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Expected dividends</span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedDividendRate_pid_dp_c20221101__20231031_zaf8p5UxI3Bh" title="Expected dividends">0</span>%</span></td></tr> </table> 0.0436 P5Y 1.371 0 <p id="xdx_80C_eus-gaap--SubsequentEventsTextBlock_z8aYtQ4vfrT7" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>NOTE 11 - <span id="xdx_828_zdO0JBkl8Dh5">SUBSEQUENT EVENTS</span></b></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In accordance with ASC 855 - Subsequent Events, which establishes general standards of accounting for and disclosure of events that occur after the balance sheet date but before financial statements are issued, the Company has evaluated all events and transactions that occurred after October 31, 2023, through the date the financial statements were issued. Except for the following, there are no subsequent events identified that would require disclosure in the financial statements.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Resale Form S-1</i></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i> </i></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On November 11, 2023, the Company filed a Form S-1 for the resale of i) up to <span id="xdx_908_ecustom--NumberOfSharesIssuable_iI_pid_c20231111__us-gaap--DebtInstrumentAxis__custom--SeniorSecuredConvertiblePromissoryNoteMember__us-gaap--SubsequentEventTypeAxis__us-gaap--SubsequentEventMember_zY6c8RD7Zwv7" title="Common stock issuable">11,428,572</span> shares of common stock issuable upon conversion of a senior secured convertible promissory note, ii) up to <span id="xdx_90D_ecustom--NumberOfSharesIssuable_iI_pid_c20231111__us-gaap--ClassOfWarrantOrRightAxis__custom--CommonWarrantMember__us-gaap--SubsequentEventTypeAxis__us-gaap--SubsequentEventMember_zSmPRs4OB3t8" title="Common stock issuable">1,733,404</span> shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of a common warrant, and iii) up to <span id="xdx_908_ecustom--NumberOfSharesIssuable_iI_pid_c20231111__us-gaap--ClassOfWarrantOrRightAxis__custom--PlacementAgentWarrantMember__us-gaap--SubsequentEventTypeAxis__us-gaap--SubsequentEventMember_z5u4ZzZFDYDk" title="Common stock issuable">83,333</span> shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of a placement agent warrant.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>First Amendment to the Resales Form S-1</i></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i> </i></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On December 6, 2023, the Company filed the first amendment to the Form S-1 filed with the SEC on November 3, 2023.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Asphalt Ridge Option Agreement and Amendment</i></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i> </i></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On November 10, 2023, the Company entered into a leasehold acquisition and development option agreement (“AR Agreement”) with Heavy Sweet Oil LLC (“Heavy Sweet”) to purchase up to a <span id="xdx_90F_ecustom--PercentageOfProductionShare_pid_dp_uPure_c20231110__20231110__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--ARAgreementMember__us-gaap--SubsequentEventTypeAxis__us-gaap--SubsequentEventMember_zsxNd4R1fgJc" title="Percentage of production share">20</span>% production share (“Asphalt Ridge Option”) in certain leases in eastern Utah totaling 960 acres. The Asphalt Ridge Option has a term of nine months, through August 10, 2024, and gives the Company the exclusive right, but not the obligation, to acquire up to a<span id="xdx_901_ecustom--PercentageOfInterestToAcquireInLeases_pid_dp_uPure_c20231110__20231110__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--ARAgreementMember__us-gaap--SubsequentEventTypeAxis__us-gaap--SubsequentEventMember_zCiQNO1Oul0b" title="Percentage of interest to acquire in leases"> 20</span>% interest in the leases for $<span id="xdx_905_eus-gaap--PaymentsToAcquireLoansAndLeasesHeldForInvestment_pid_c20231110__20231110__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--ARAgreementMember__us-gaap--SubsequentEventTypeAxis__us-gaap--SubsequentEventMember_zqIciFmbWZk6" title="Payments to acquire loans and lease">2,000,000</span>, which may be invested in tranches, provided that the initial tranche closing occurs during the option period and subsequent tranches occur as soon thereafter as practical within the Asphalt Ridge Option period, with each tranche providing the Company a portion of the ownership of the leases. Upon receipt of any funding from the Company pursuant to the Asphalt Ridge Option, Heavy Sweet is required to pay that amount to the named operator of the properties, to pay for engineering, procurement, operations, sales, and logistics activities on the properties.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On December 29, 2023, the Company and Heavy Sweet entered into an Amendment to the AR Agreement (the “AR Amendment”), pursuant to which the Company and Heavy Sweet amended the AR Agreement to provide that, within three business days of the effective date of the AR Amendment, the Company would fund $<span id="xdx_90E_ecustom--AmountAgreedToFundAsPerAmendedAgreement_iI_c20231229__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--AmendedARAgreementMember__us-gaap--SubsequentEventTypeAxis__us-gaap--SubsequentEventMember_z8hq2JP7kMW1" title="Amount agreed to fund">200,000</span> of the $<span id="xdx_902_ecustom--TotalPurchasePriceOfLease_c20231229__20231229__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--AmendedARAgreementMember__us-gaap--SubsequentEventTypeAxis__us-gaap--SubsequentEventMember_zqSzeHG9KgFa" title="Total purchase price of lease">2,000,000</span> total purchase price in exchange for the Company receiving an immediate <span id="xdx_906_ecustom--PercentageOfInterestToAcquireInLeases_pid_dp_uPure_c20231229__20231229__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--AmendedARAgreementMember__us-gaap--SubsequentEventTypeAxis__us-gaap--SubsequentEventMember_z8PYOT7trQ7c" title="Percentage of interest">2</span>% interest in the leases, which advanced funds would be used solely for the building of roads and related infrastructure in furtherance of the development plan. On December 29, 2023, the Company paid the $<span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--PaymentsToAcquireLoansAndLeasesHeldForInvestment_c20231229__20231229__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--AmendedARAgreementMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--HeavySweetOilLLCMember__us-gaap--SubsequentEventTypeAxis__us-gaap--SubsequentEventMember_z2ZLa6QLZ4n2" title="Payments to acquire loans and leases">200,000</span> advance to Heavy Sweet and was assigned a <span id="xdx_906_ecustom--PercentageOfInterestToAcquireInLeases_pid_dp_uPure_c20231229__20231229__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--AmendedARAgreementMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--HeavySweetOilLLCMember__us-gaap--SubsequentEventTypeAxis__us-gaap--SubsequentEventMember_z8M7EMquLYKi" title="Percentage of interest">2</span>% interest in the leases.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Amendment to October 2023 SPA and Second Tranche Financing</i></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i> </i></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On December 29, 2023, the Company and an investor entered into an Amendment to the October 2023 SPA (see Note 9), whereby in connection with the closing of the second tranche, (i) the fixed conversion price of the convertible promissory note issued and (ii) the exercise price of the warrant issued in connection with the second tranche were both reduced from $<span id="xdx_901_eus-gaap--ClassOfWarrantOrRightExercisePriceOfWarrantsOrRights1_iI_pid_c20231228__us-gaap--SubsequentEventTypeAxis__us-gaap--SubsequentEventMember_zdwnDGmKscF6" title="Exercise price of warrant">1.20</span> to $<span id="xdx_907_eus-gaap--ClassOfWarrantOrRightExercisePriceOfWarrantsOrRights1_iI_pid_c20231229__us-gaap--SubsequentEventTypeAxis__us-gaap--SubsequentEventMember_zZ6u4rQSVDz8" title="Exercise price of warrant">0.50</span>. The closing of the second tranche will be in the principal amount of $<span id="xdx_905_eus-gaap--DebtInstrumentFaceAmount_iI_c20231229__us-gaap--SubsequentEventTypeAxis__us-gaap--SubsequentEventMember__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--AmendmentToOctoberTwentyTwentyThreeSPAMember_z767d5pGR0Je" title="Debt instrument, face amount">550,000</span>.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On January 2, 2024, the Company closed on the second tranche and received gross proceeds of $<span id="xdx_90F_eus-gaap--ProceedsFromNotesPayable_c20240102__20240102__us-gaap--SubsequentEventTypeAxis__us-gaap--SubsequentEventMember__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--AmendmentToSecondTrancheFinancingMember_zN0VIn7LNbj7" title="Proceeds from notes payable">511,500</span>; in consideration for the funding, the Company issued to the investor a note in the principal amount of $<span id="xdx_90F_eus-gaap--DebtInstrumentFaceAmount_iI_c20240102__us-gaap--SubsequentEventTypeAxis__us-gaap--SubsequentEventMember__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--AmendmentToSecondTrancheFinancingMember_zbymIt9uQw48" title="Debt instrument face amount">550,000</span> with a conversion price of $<span id="xdx_90C_eus-gaap--DebtInstrumentConvertibleConversionPrice1_iI_pid_c20240102__us-gaap--SubsequentEventTypeAxis__us-gaap--SubsequentEventMember__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--AmendmentToSecondTrancheFinancingMember_z6hbo6FPOouf" title="Conversion price">0.50</span>, subject to certain adjustments and a warrant to purchase up to<span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--ClassOfWarrantOrRightNumberOfSecuritiesCalledByWarrantsOrRights_iI_pid_c20240102__us-gaap--SubsequentEventTypeAxis__us-gaap--SubsequentEventMember__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--AmendmentToSecondTrancheFinancingMember__us-gaap--ClassOfWarrantOrRightAxis__us-gaap--WarrantMember_zApIjEzEdTj1" title="Purchase of warrant"> 445,561</span> shares of common stock at an initial exercise price of $<span id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--ClassOfWarrantOrRightExercisePriceOfWarrantsOrRights1_iI_pid_c20240102__us-gaap--SubsequentEventTypeAxis__us-gaap--SubsequentEventMember__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--AmendmentToSecondTrancheFinancingMember_zBYtDydPXGtk" title="Exercise price of warrant">0.50</span> per share, subject to certain adjustments.</span></p> 11428572 1733404 83333 0.20 0.20 2000000 200000 2000000 0.02 200000 0.02 1.20 0.50 550000 511500 550000 0.50 445561 0.50 Balance includes warrants issued per the January 2022 Securities Purchase Agreement (“January 2022 SPA”) with GPL Ventures, LLC (“GPL”), which are exercisable into up to 50% of the number of shares of common stock issued upon full conversion of the Notes, with an exercise price equal to the conversion price. Upon IPO, the debt will convert into a variable number of shares; the number of conversion shares is equal to the outstanding principal amount divided by the conversion price, which is equal to the lesser of a) the IPO price or b) the opening price of the common stock on the first trading day after the IPO multiplied by the discount of 50%. The number of commitment shares to be issued is a variable number of shares for a fixed total dollar amount of $1,125,000, which is 25% of the aggregate Notes principal balance divided by the offering price of the IPO. Balance consists of potentially dilutive shares based on 1,766,702 outstanding, equity classified warrants. Balance consists of restricted stock units granted to five outside directors and restricted shares issued to executives.

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