UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
___________________________
FORM 20-F
___________________________
(Mark One)
| REGISTRATION STATEMENT PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) OR 12(g) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 | |||||
OR
ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the fiscal year ended | |||||
OR
| TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 | |||||
| SHELL COMPANY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 | |||||
Date of event requiring this shell company report. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Commission file number: 001-41327
___________________________
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)
___________________________
N/A
(Translation of Registrant’s Name Into English)
___________________________
(Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization)
___________________________
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)
Telephone: +886 -3-273 0900
Email: ir@gogoro.com
(Name, Telephone, Email and/or Facsimile number and Address of Company Contact Person)
Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of Each Class | Trading Symbol(s) | Name of Each Exchange On Which Registered | ||||||
Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:
None
(Title of Class)
Securities for which there is a reporting obligation pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Act:
None
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(Title of Class)
Indicate the number of outstanding shares of each of the issuer’s classes of capital or common stock as of the close of the period covered by the annual report:
As of December 31, 2022, there were 244,211,643 Ordinary shares outstanding, par value US$0.0001 per share,
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.
o Yes x No
If this report is an annual or transition report, indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. o Yes x No
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. x Yes o No
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). x Yes o No
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
| Large accelerated filer | o | Accelerated filer | o | ||||||||
x | Emerging growth company | ||||||||||
If an emerging growth company that prepares its financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards† provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. o
†The term “new or revised financial accounting standard” refers to any update issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board to its Accounting Standards Codification after April 5, 2012.
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. § 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. o
If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements. o
Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant’s executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to §240.10D-1(b). o
Indicate by check mark which basis of accounting the registrant has used to prepare the financial statements included in this filing:
| o | U.S. GAAP | x | o | Other | |||||||||||||
If “Other” has been checked in response to the previous question, indicate by check mark which financial statement item the registrant has elected to follow. o Item 17 o Item 18
If this is an annual report, indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). o Yes x No
(APPLICABLE ONLY TO ISSUERS INVOLVED IN BANKRUPTCY PROCEEDINGS DURING THE PAST FIVE YEARS)
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed all documents and reports required to be filed by Sections 12, 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 subsequent to the distribution of securities under a plan confirmed by a court. o Yes o No
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Table of Contents
E. Critical Accounting Estimates | |||||
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INTRODUCTION
Unless otherwise indicated or the context otherwise requires, all references in this annual report on Form 20-F to the terms “Gogoro,” the “Company,” “we,” “us” and “our” refer to Gogoro Inc., a Cayman Islands exempted holding company, together as a group with its subsidiaries, including its Operating Subsidiaries.
Our consolidated financial statements are presented in U.S. dollars. All references in this annual report to “$,” “U.S. $,” “U.S. dollars” and “dollars” mean U.S. dollars, unless otherwise noted.
Gogoro completed a merger with Poema Global Holdings. Corp on April 4, 2022 and Gogoro’s ordinary shares began trading on the Nasdaq Stock Exchange on April 5, 2022. Poema Global Holdings Corp., an exempted company incorporated with limited liability under the laws of Cayman Islands (“Poema”) entered into an Agreement and Plan of Merger (the “Merger Agreement”) with Gogoro and the other two entities established for the purpose of effecting the mergers under the Merger Agreement (the “Mergers”).
In this annual report on Form 20-F, or this annual report, except where the context otherwise requires and for purposes of this annual report only:
▪“Business Combination” refers to the transactions contemplated under the Merger Agreement;
▪“Cayman Companies Act” refers to the Companies Act (As Revised) of the Cayman Islands;
▪“Exchange Act” refer to the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended;
▪“Gogoro” refers to Gogoro Inc., a Cayman Islands exempted holding company, together as a group with its subsidiaries, including its Operating Subsidiaries;
▪“Gogoro Ordinary Shares” refers to the ordinary shares of Gogoro, par value $0.0001 per share, which trade on the Nasdaq under the ticker symbol “GGR”;
▪“GoStation®” refers to Gogoro Battery Swapping Stations;
▪“IASB” refer to International Accounting Standards Board;
▪“ICE” refers to internal combustion engine;
▪“IFRS” refers to the International Financial Reporting Standards;
▪“Merger Agreement” refers to the Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of September 16, 2021 and amended as of March 21, 2022, by and among Poema Global, Gogoro, Starship Merger Sub I Limited, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Gogoro, and Starship Merger Sub II Limited, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Gogoro;
▪“Nasdaq” refers to the Nasdaq Global Select Market;
▪“NTD” refers to New Taiwan dollar;
▪“OEM” refers to original equipment manufacturer;
▪“Operating Subsidiaries” refers to collectively, the operating subsidiaries of Gogoro, which include Gogoro Taiwan Limited, Gogoro Taiwan Sales and Services Limited, Gogoro Network, Taiwan Branch, Gogoro Network Pte. Ltd., and GoShare Taiwan Limited;
▪“PBGN” refers to Powered by Gogoro Network™;
▪“PCAOB” refers to the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board;
▪“PIPE Investments” refers to the issuance of an aggregate of 29,482,000 Gogoro Ordinary Shares pursuant to the Subscription Agreements at a price per share of $10.00;
▪“Poema Global” refers to Poema Global Holdings Corp., a blank check Cayman Islands exempted company formed for the purpose of effecting a merger, capital stock exchange, asset acquisition, stock purchase, reorganization or similar business combination;
▪“PTW/ePTW” refers to powered two-wheeler/electric-powered two-wheeler;
▪“PRC” refers to the People’s Republic of China;
▪“Public Warrants” refers to the redeemable warrants to purchase Gogoro Ordinary Shares for an exercise price of $11.50 per share, subject to adjustment, which trade on the Nasdaq under the ticker symbol “GGROW”;
▪“SEC” refers to the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission;
▪“Securities Act” refers to the Securities Act of 1933, as amended;
▪“Subscription Agreements” refers to such subscription agreements entered into between Gogoro and certain investors on September 16, 2021, January 18, 2022 and March 21, 2022, relating to the PIPE Investments; and
▪“Warrants” refers to (i) Public Warrants and (ii) private placement warrants each entitles the holder thereof to purchase one Gogoro Ordinary Share for an exercise price of $11.50 per share, subject to adjustment.
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CAUTIONARY STATEMENT REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING INFORMATION
This annual report contains forward-looking statements that reflect our current expectations and views of future events. These forward-looking statements are made under the “safe-harbor” provisions of the U.S. Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors, including those listed under “Item 3. Key Information—D. Risk Factors,” may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from those expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements. These statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from those expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements.
This annual report contains forward-looking statements that involve substantial risks and uncertainties. All statements other than statements of historical facts contained in this annual report, including statements regarding our future financial position, business strategy and plans and objectives of management for future operations, are forward-looking statements. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by terminology such as “may,” “will,” “should,” “expects,” “plans,” “anticipates,” “could,” “intends,” “targets,” “projects,” “contemplates,” “believes,” “estimates,” “predicts,” “potential” or “continue” or the negative of these terms or other similar expressions. Forward-looking statements include, without limitation, our expectations concerning the outlook for our business, productivity, plans and goals for future operational improvements and capital investments, operational performance, future market conditions or economic performance and developments in the capital and credit markets and expected future financial performance.
Forward-looking statements involve a number of risks, uncertainties and assumptions, and actual results or events may differ materially from those projected or implied in those statements. Important factors that could cause such differences include, but are not limited to:
▪Our future financial and operating results, including forecasts, trends, expectations and market opportunity;
▪Growth of our business and operations and our ability to effectively manage our growth;
▪Our ability to launch and ramp up the production of our products and features, and our ability to control our manufacturing costs;
▪Our ability to expand our sales and marketing capabilities in order to increase our customer base and achieve broader market acceptance of our solutions;
▪Our dependence on a limited number of vendors, suppliers and manufacturers;
▪Our ability to expand effectively into new markets, including India, Indonesia and PRC, including the timing and estimates on the number of cities we will expand to;
▪Successful acquisitions of new businesses, products or technologies, or entering into strategic collaborations alliances or joint ventures in Taiwan and internationally,
▪Our ability to develop and maintain relationships with our partners, including our OEM partners;
▪Significant risks associated with construction, cost overruns and delays, and other contingencies that may arise in the course of completing installations, and such risks may increase in the future as we expand the scope of such services with other parties;
▪Increases in costs, disruption of supply or shortage of materials, in particular for lithium-ion cells and metals, including as a result of inflation;
▪Our ability to offer high-quality support to the battery swapping stations and station suppliers, or failure to maintain strong user experience;
▪The impacts of service disruptions, outages, errors and performance problems in any of our products;
▪The impact of health pandemics, including the COVID-19 pandemic;
▪The ability of our products and services to successfully compete with a growing list of established and new competitors;
▪Changes to fuel economy standards or the success of alternative fuels;
▪Our ability to continue to develop new products and product innovations to adapt to the rapid technological change that characterizes the ePTW market;
▪Our ability to continue to grow the number of incremental battery swapping subscribers and cumulative battery swapping subscribers;
▪Our ability to successfully implement the pilot programs intended to extend the life of our battery packs beyond use in ePTWs and to create additional revenue streams in the future;
▪Our ability to protect our technology and intellectual property from unauthorized use by third parties;
▪Our expectations about entering into definitive agreements with our partners;
▪Our exposure to fluctuations in currency exchange rates.
▪The legal, regulatory and financial challenges that we may face with conducting business through subsidiaries in Taiwan and international markets; and
▪The other matters described in the section titled “Item 3. Key Information—D. Risk Factors” in this annual report.
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We caution you against placing undue reliance on forward-looking statements, which reflect current beliefs and are based on information currently available as of the date a forward-looking statement is made. Forward-looking statements set forth herein speak only as of the date of this annual report. We undertake no obligation to revise forward-looking statements to reflect future events, changes in circumstances, or changes in beliefs. In the event that any forward-looking statement is updated, no inference should be made that we will make additional updates with respect to that statement, related matters, or any other forward-looking statements. Any corrections or revisions and other important assumptions and factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from forward-looking statements, including discussions of significant risk factors, may appear in our public filings with the SEC, which are or will be (as appropriate) accessible at www.sec.gov, and which you are advised to consult.
Market, ranking and industry data used throughout this annual report, including statements regarding market size, is based on the good faith estimates of our management, which in turn are based upon our management’s review of internal surveys, independent industry surveys and publications, and other third-party research and publicly available information. These data involve a number of assumptions and limitations, and you are cautioned not to give undue weight to such estimates. While we are not aware of any misstatements regarding the industry data presented herein, our estimates involve risks and uncertainties and are subject to change based on various factors, including those discussed under the heading “Item 3. Key Information—D. Risk Factors” and “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects” in this annual report.
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PART I
ITEM 1. IDENTITY OF DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND ADVISERS
Not applicable.
ITEM 2. OFFER STATISTICS AND EXPECTED TIMETABLE
Not applicable.
ITEM 3. KEY INFORMATION
B. Capitalization and Indebtedness
Not applicable.
C. Reasons for the Offer and Use of Proceeds
Not applicable.
D. Risk Factors
Summary Risk Factors
The below summary risks provide an overview of the material risks we are exposed to in the normal course of our business activities. The below summary risks do not contain all of the information that may be important to you, and you should read the summary risks below together with the more detailed discussion of risks set forth following this section under the heading “Risk Factors,” as well as elsewhere in this annual report. The summary risks and uncertainties described below are not the only ones we face. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently deem less significant may also affect our business operations or financial results. Consistent with the foregoing, we are exposed to a variety of risks, including those associated with the following:
▪We have incurred operating losses historically and expect to incur significant expenses and continuing losses at least for the near and medium term.
▪Our expectations for future operating and financial results are subject to significant uncertainty and are based on assumptions, analyses and internal estimates developed by management, any or all of which may not prove to be correct or accurate. If these assumptions, analyses or estimates prove to be incorrect or inaccurate, our actual operating results may differ materially and adversely from our anticipated results.
▪Our future success depends on our success in expanding our sales in both Taiwan and into other geographic markets. We may attempt to enter into strategic collaborations or alliances, including forming partnerships or joint ventures, and if we are unsuccessful in such strategic collaborations or alliances, we may fail to realize expected benefits from such transactions or such transactions could harm our existing business.
▪If we fail to execute our growth strategy or manage growth effectively, our business, financial condition and results of operations would be adversely affected.
▪If we fail to expand effectively into new product or technology markets, our revenues and business may be negatively affected.
▪Our financial results may vary significantly from period to period due to fluctuations in our operating costs or expenses and other foreseeable or unforeseeable factors.
▪Our business is subject to risk associated with product design and manufacturing quality for our existing products including vehicles, battery packs, battery swapping stations, ride-share vehicles, and other products and may also be negatively impacted by product quality in the future.
▪Our business is subject to risks associated with construction, cost overruns and delays, and other contingencies that may arise in the course of completing installations, and such risks may increase in the future as we expand the scope of such services with other parties.
▪Due to the complexity of our manufacturing operations, we are not always able to timely respond to fluctuations in demand and we may incur significant charges and costs.
▪We rely on a limited number of vendors, suppliers and manufacturers. A loss of any of these partners could negatively affect our business, or they may fail to deliver components according to schedules, prices, quality and volumes that are acceptable to us, or we may be unable to manage these components effectively.
▪We may experience delays in launching and ramping the production of our products and features, or we may be unable to control our manufacturing costs.
▪Failure to effectively expand our sales and marketing capabilities could harm our ability to increase our customer base and achieve broader market acceptance of our solutions.
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▪Our success depends on the ability to develop and maintain relationships with our partners, including our OEM partners, manufacturing partners and demand generation partners.
▪We may be unable to retain our key personnel and attract additional qualified personnel to operate and expand our business.
▪We may need to raise additional funds and these funds may not be available when needed or may be available only on unfavorable terms.
▪We are exposed to fluctuations in currency exchange rates.
▪We face strong competition for our products and services from a growing list of established and new competitors.
▪Failure to successfully develop and manage a B2B business model and markets may negatively impact our results of operations.
▪Changes to fuel economy standards or the success of alternative fuels may negatively impact the ePTW market and thus the demand for our products and services.
▪Our growth and success are highly correlated with and thus dependent upon the continuing rapid adoption of and demand for ePTWs and battery swapping services.
▪The ePTW markets are characterized by rapid technological change, which requires us to continue to develop new products and product innovations. Any delays in such development could adversely affect market adoption of our products and our financial results.
▪Our business may be adversely affected if we are unable to protect our technology and intellectual property from unauthorized use by third parties.
▪Our business may be adversely affected by the changes of governmental policy and subsidy program in Taiwan or international electric scooters markets.
▪Our Taiwan subsidiaries bear product liabilities for damages caused by our products under Taiwan regulations on consumer protection. In other markets we may also be exposed to product liability risks.
▪A downturn in global economy, and economic and political policies of the relevant markets could materially and adversely affect our business operations such markets.
▪Uncertainties in the interpretation and enforcement of the applicable laws and regulations in the relevant markets could limit the legal protections available to us and our security holders.
▪Our business, financial condition and results of operations, and/or the value of our securities or our ability to offer or continue to offer securities to investors may be materially and adversely affected to the extent the government of the relevant markets intervenes in or influences our operations.
In addition to the other information contained in this annual report, we have identified the following risks and uncertainties that may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, or results of operation. Investors should carefully consider the risks described below together with all of the other information in this annual report, including our consolidated financial statements and related notes thereto included elsewhere in this annual report and in our other filings with the SEC, before making an investment decision. The trading price of our securities could decline due to any of these risks, and investors may lose all or part of their investment. In this section, unless the context otherwise requires, “Gogoro,” “we,” “us” and “our” refer to Gogoro Inc., a Cayman Islands exempted holding company, together as a group with its subsidiaries including the Operating Subsidiaries.
Risks Related to Our Business
We have incurred operating losses historically and expect to incur significant expenses and continuing losses at least for the near and medium term.
We have a history of operating losses and negative operating cash flows. We incurred a net loss of $98.9 million, $67.4 million and $49.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively, and, as of December 31, 2022, our accumulated deficits was approximately $349.9 million. We believe we will continue to incur operating and net losses each quarter in the foreseeable future. Even if we achieve profitability, there can be no assurance that we will be able to maintain profitability in the future. Our potential profitability is particularly dependent upon the continued adoption of electric vehicles (“EVs”) and ePTWs by consumers and other electric transportation modalities, continued support from regulatory programs and in each case, the use of our battery swapping technology, any of which may not occur at the levels we currently anticipate or at all. We may need to raise additional financing through loans, securities offerings, or additional investments in order to fund our ongoing operations. There is no assurance that we will be able to obtain such additional financing or that we will be able to obtain such additional financing on favorable terms. Our forecasts and projections are based upon assumptions, analyses and internal estimates developed by management. If these assumptions, analyses, or estimates prove to be incorrect or inaccurate, our actual operating results may differ materially and adversely from those forecasted or projected.
Our expectations for future operating and financial results are subject to significant uncertainty and are based on assumptions, analyses and internal estimates developed by management, any or all of which may not prove to be correct or accurate. If these assumptions, analyses or estimates prove to be incorrect or inaccurate, our actual operating results may differ materially and adversely from our anticipated results.
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Our expectations for our future operating and financial results depend on the successful implementation of our proposed business plan, and policies and procedures consistent with the assumptions. Future results will also be affected by events and circumstances beyond our control, for example, the competitive environment, rapid technological change, economic and other conditions in the markets in which we operate or seek to enter, governmental regulation and, uncertainties inherent in product development and testing, our future financing needs and our ability to grow and to manage growth effectively, our executive team, and other factors described under the section entitled “Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Information” in this annual report. In particular, our forecasts and projections include forecasts and estimates relating to the expected size and growth of the markets in which we operate or seek to enter. Our forecasts and projections also assume that we are able to perform our obligations under our commercial contracts. For the reasons described above, it is likely that our actual results of operations will be different from our expectations and we may be required to make adjustments in our business operations that may have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations. For example, we were unable to achieve the projected financial results set at the beginning of the year in 2022. We cannot assure you that we will be able to achieve our expectations in the future.
Our future success depends on our success in expanding into other geographic markets. We may attempt to enter into strategic collaborations or alliances, including forming partnerships or joint ventures, and if we are unsuccessful in such strategic collaborations or alliances, we may fail to realize expected benefits from such transactions or such transactions could harm our existing business.
Our success will depend, in part, on our ability to expand our product offerings and grow our business by ourselves or through local partners in response to changing technologies, customer demands and competitive pressures. For example, in addition to the collaboration we started in 2021 with Yadea Technology Group Co. Ltd. (“Yadea”) and Dachangjiang Group Co., Ltd. (“DCJ”) to expand in the PRC, Hero MotoCorp (“Hero”) in India, GoTo in Indonesia, and Foxconn as a global manufacturing partner, we also entered into a strategic partnership with Zypp, India's leading EV-as-a-Service platform in November 2022 and signed Memorandum of Understanding for a strategic energy partnership with the Indian State of Maharashtra and Belrise Industries in January 2023 to further expand our presence in the Indian market. Furthermore, we partnered with Jardine Cycle & Carriage (SGX: C07), a diversified group with market-leading businesses across Southeast Asia to kick-off our sandbox pilot to deploy and validate battery swapping as awarded by Singapore's Land Transport Authority. We also partnered with Metro Motor and Paz Group to launch of our industry leading battery swapping system and Smartscooters in the Tel Aviv metropolitan area. Our success is highly reliant on local partners’ successful performance and such local partners may not perform as they expect due to various reasons or factors including the product price or business model and any failure of performance may impact significantly on our success. In some circumstances, we may determine to do so through collaborating with complementary businesses, including forming joint ventures, rather than through internal development. The identification of suitable alliance and joint venture partner candidates can be difficult, time consuming, and costly, and we may not be able to successfully complete identified alliances or joint ventures. Other companies may compete with us for these strategic opportunities. In addition, even if we successfully complete an alliance or joint venture, we may not be able to timely and effectively commence operations of any joint venture or other alliance because the process of integration could be expensive, time consuming and may strain our resources. Furthermore, we may be required to contribute significant amounts of capital or incur losses in the initial stages of an alliance or joint venture, particularly as selling and marketing activities increase ahead of expected long-term revenue. For example, capital contributions to a joint venture may be necessary in the future if we expands our operations in the geographic market that we wish to expand into in order to achieve our long-term strategy in such locations. In addition, the process for customers of the alliance or joint venture to comply with local or foreign regulatory requirements that may be required to purchase our products may cause delays in the alliance partner or joint venture’s ability to conduct business. Furthermore, the products and technologies that we jointly develop, or with respect to which we collaborate, may not be successful or may require significantly greater resources and investments than we originally anticipated. For example, as of the date of this annual report, we had not been able to generate satisfactory results from our collaborations with partners in mainland China, such as Yadea and DCJ. Implementing new lines of business or offering new products and services within existing lines of business can affect the sales and profitability of existing lines of business or products and services, including as a result of sales channel conflicts. In addition, we may not be in a position to exercise sole decision-making authority regarding any strategic collaboration, alliance or joint venture, which could result in impasses on decisions or decisions made by our partners, and our partners in such collaborations, alliances or joint ventures may have economic or business interests that are, or may become, inconsistent with our interests. Furthermore, we may adjust our business strategies in different geographic markets from time to time based on the latest development in such market, which may also require significant amounts of capital or incur losses and may strain our resources.
Collaborations, alliances and joint ventures can be difficult to manage and may involve significant expense and divert the focus and attention of our management and other key personnel away from our existing businesses. With respect to joint ventures, we may not be able to attract qualified employees, acquire customers or develop reliable supply, distribution or other partnerships. As a result of certain collaborations, alliances and joint ventures we could face potential damage to existing customer relationships or lack of customer acceptance or inability to attract new customers. These risks could be magnified to the extent that any new collaboration, alliance or joint venture would result in a significant increase in operations in developing markets. Future alliances could also result in potentially dilutive issuances of equity securities or the incurrence of debt, contingent liabilities, or expenses or other charges such as in-process research and development, any of which could harm our business and affect our financial results or cause a reduction in the price of Gogoro Ordinary Shares. Further, alliance partners and joint ventures may also operate in foreign jurisdictions with laws and regulations with which we have limited familiarity, which could adversely impact our ability to comply with such laws and regulations and may lead to increased litigation risk. Such laws may also offer us inadequate or less intellectual property protection relative to U.S. laws, which may impact our ability, as well as the ability of the alliance partner and joint venture, to safeguard our respective intellectual property from infringement and misappropriation. As a result of these and other factors, we may not realize the expected benefits of any
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collaboration, joint venture or strategic alliance or such benefits may not be realized at expected levels or within the expected time period. The failure to successfully consummate such strategic transactions and effectively integrate and execute following such consummation may have an adverse impact on our growth, profitability, financial position and results of operations.
If we fail to execute growth strategy or manage growth effectively, our business, financial condition and results of operations would be adversely affected.
The expected continued growth and expansion of our business and execution of our growth strategy may place a significant strain on management, business operations, financial condition and infrastructure and corporate culture. With continued growth, our information technology systems and our internal control over financial reporting and procedures may not be adequate to support our operations and may allow data security incidents that may interrupt business operations and allow third parties to obtain unauthorized access to business information or misappropriate funds. We may also face risks to the extent such third parties infiltrate the information technology infrastructure of our contractors.
To manage growth in operations and personnel and execute our growth strategy, we will need to continue to improve our operational, financial and management controls and reporting systems and procedures. In addition, we may face difficulties as we expand our operations into new markets in which we have limited or no prior experience. See “—Our future success depends on our success in expanding into other geographic markets. We may attempt to enter into strategic collaborations or alliances, including forming joint ventures, and if we are unsuccessful in such strategic collaborations or alliances, we may fail to realize expected benefits from such transactions or such transactions could harm our existing business.” Failure to manage growth effectively could result in difficulty or delays in attracting new customers, declines in quality or customer satisfaction, increases in costs, difficulties in introducing new products and services or enhancing existing products and services, loss of customers, information security vulnerabilities or other operational difficulties, any of which could adversely affect our business performance and operating results. Our strategy is based on a combination of growth and maintenance of strong performance on our existing asset base, and any inability to scale, maintain customer experience or manage operations at our battery swapping stations may impact our growth trajectory.
If we fail to expand effectively into new product or technology markets, our revenues and business may be negatively affected.
The ePTW charging market and energy storage technology market are characterized by rapid technological change, which requires us to continue to develop new products and product innovations or shift our strategy, which is focused on the battery swapping and energy optimization on our customers’ sites and pursue new product and service offerings. We are, and intend in the future to continue, investing significant resources in developing new product and service offerings to address the changing needs in these markets. Our ability to continue to maintain our competitive position and grow our market share will depend on the successful development of our position in these markets. New partnerships and initiatives are inherently risky, as each involves unproven business strategies and new product offerings with which we have limited or no prior development or operating experience. Our success in new markets depends on a variety of factors, including but not limited to the success of our partnerships, our ability to develop new products, new product features and services that address the customer requirements for the relevant markets, to attract a customer base in markets in which we have less experience, to compete with new and existing competitors in these adjacent markets, and to gain market acceptance of our new products. Developing our products is expensive, and the investment in product development may involve a long or unmaterialized payback cycle. Difficulties in any of our new product development efforts or our efforts to enter adjacent markets could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
In addition, as a result of our new product offerings, we could experience increased warranty claims, reputational damage or other adverse effects, which could be material. We also cannot provide assurance that we will be able to develop, obtain regulatory approval for, commercially market and/or achieve acceptance of our new product offerings.
Our research and development expenses were approximately $46.0 million, $30.6 million, and $28.7 million for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020, respectively, and are likely to grow in the future. However, our investment of resources to develop new product offerings may either be insufficient or may result in expenses that are excessive as compared to revenue produced from these new product offerings. Even if we are able to keep pace with changes in technology and develop new products and services, our research and development expenses could increase, our gross margins could be adversely affected and our prior products could become obsolete more quickly than expected.
Failure to accurately predict demand or growth with respect to our new product offerings could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations, and prospects, and there is always risk that these new product offerings will be unprofitable, will increase our costs or will decrease operating margins or take longer than anticipated to achieve target margins. We cannot guarantee that any new products will be released in a timely manner, or at all, or achieve market acceptance. Delays in delivering new products that meet customer requirements could damage our relationships with customers and lead them to seek alternative providers. Delays in introducing products and innovations or the failure to offer innovative products or services at competitive prices may cause existing and potential customers to purchase our competitors’ products or services.
If we are unable to devote adequate resources to develop products or cannot otherwise successfully develop products or services that meet customer requirements on a timely basis or that remain competitive with technological alternatives, our products and services could lose market share, our revenue could decline, we may experience higher operating losses, and our business and prospects could be adversely affected. Further, our development efforts with respect to these initiatives could distract management from current operations
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and could divert capital and other resources from our existing business. If we do not realize the expected benefits of our investments, our business, financial condition, results of operations, and prospects, could be materially and adversely affected.
Our financial results may vary significantly from period to period due to fluctuations in our operating costs or expenses and other foreseeable or unforeseeable factors.
We expect our period-to-period financial results to vary based on our operating costs, which we anticipate will fluctuate as a result of inflation and since the pace at which we design, develop and manufacture products and expand our manufacturing facilities may not be consistent or linear between periods. Additionally, our revenues from period to period may fluctuate due to macroeconomic volatility and other internal and external factors. However, we cannot assure you that we will not experience fluctuations in our operating results in the future due to factors we may or may not be able to foresee in the future.
Our business is subject to risk associated with product design and manufacturing quality for our existing products including vehicles, battery packs, battery swapping stations, ride-share vehicles, and other products and may also be negatively impacted by product quality in the future.
If our products contain design or manufacturing defects that cause them not to perform as expected or that require repair, are legally restricted or become subject to onerous regulation, our ability to develop, market and sell our products and services may be harmed, and we may experience delivery delays, product recalls, product liability, breach of warranty and consumer protection claims and significant warranty and other expenses.
Our products are also highly dependent on software, which is inherently complex and may contain latent defects or errors or be subject to external attacks. Although we attempt to remedy any issues we observe in our products as effectively and rapidly as possible, such efforts may not be timely, may hamper production or may not completely satisfy our customers. While we have performed, and continue to perform, extensive internal testing on our products and features, we currently have a limited frame of reference by which to evaluate their long-term quality, reliability, durability and performance characteristics. There can be no assurance that we will be able to detect and fix any defects in our products prior to their sale to or installation for customers.
Our business is subject to risks associated with construction, cost overruns and delays, and other contingencies that may arise in the course of completing installations, and such risks may increase in the future as we expand the scope of such services with other parties.
We do not typically install battery swapping stations at customer sites. These installations are typically performed by our partners or electrical contractors with an existing relationship with the customer and/ or knowledge of the site. The installation of battery swapping stations at a particular site is generally subject to oversight and regulation in accordance with state and local laws and ordinances relating to building codes, safety, environmental protection and related matters, and typically requires various local and other governmental approvals and permits that may vary by jurisdiction. In addition, building codes, accessibility requirements or regulations may hinder battery swapping site installation because they end up costing the developer or installer more in order to meet the code requirements. Meaningful delays or cost overruns may impact our recognition of revenue in certain cases and/or impact customer relationships, either of which could impact our business and profitability.
Furthermore, we may in the future elect to install battery swapping stations at customer sites or manage contractors, likely as part of offering customers a turnkey solution. Working with contractors may require us to obtain licenses or require us or our customers to comply with additional rules, working conditions and other union requirements, which can add costs and complexity to an installation project. In addition, if these contractors are unable to provide timely, thorough and quality installation-related services, customers could fall behind their construction schedules leading to liability to us or cause customers to become dissatisfied with the solutions we offer.
Due to the complexity of our manufacturing operations, we are not always able to timely respond to fluctuations in demand and we may incur significant charges and costs.
Because we own and operate scooter and battery manufacturing facilities, our operations have high costs that are fixed or difficult to reduce in the short term, including our costs related to utilization of existing facilities and equipment, facility construction and equipment, R&D, and the employment and training of a skilled workforce. To the extent product demand decreases or we fail to forecast demand accurately, our gross margin and operating income can be disproportionately affected due to our high fixed cost structure, which is difficult to reduce in response to lower revenues. We could also be required to write off inventory or record excess manufacturing capacity charges, which would also lower our gross margin and operating income. To the extent the demand decrease is prolonged, our manufacturing capacity could be underutilized, and we may be required to write down our long-lived assets, which would increase our expenses. We may also be required to shorten the useful lives of under-used facilities and equipment and accelerate depreciation. As we continue to make substantial investments in increasing our manufacturing capacity as part of our international growth strategy, these underutilization risks may be heightened. Conversely, at times, demand increases or we fail to forecast accurately or produce the mix of products demanded. To the extent we are unable to add capacity or increase production fast enough, we are at times required to make production decisions and/or are unable to fully meet market demand, which can result in a loss of revenue opportunities or market share, legal claims, and/or damage to customer relationships.
Our international investments in capacity and our product roadmap require capital expenditures above our historical levels, and if demand for our business grows rapidly, we anticipate that we would need to accelerate our planned investments to meet that demand. To
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the extent we do not generate expected cash flows, we may be required to increase our use of external funding sources to fund our investments and operations, which may not be available on favorable terms or at all. To the extent such funding is below our expectations, our anticipated cash requirements would increase. Efforts to expand capacity require available sources of labor, materials, and equipment. Increasing demand for such sources, including from other manufacturers; supply constraints, labor shortages, and other adverse market conditions; issues with permits or approvals; on-site incidents; and other issues arise from time to time and can result in significant delays and increased costs for our projects, as well as legal and reputational harm.
We rely on a limited number of vendors, suppliers and manufacturers. A loss of any of these partners could negatively affect our business, or they may fail to deliver components according to schedules, prices, quality and volumes that are acceptable to us, or we may be unable to manage these components effectively.
We rely on a limited number of vendors and suppliers for design, testing and manufacturing of vehicles, battery packs, and battery swapping stations. At this stage of the industry these may be unique to each supplier and thus singularly sourced with respect to components as well as aftermarket maintenance and warranty services. This reliance on a limited number of manufacturers increases our risks, since it does not currently have proven reliable alternatives or replacement vendors or manufacturers beyond these key parties. In the event of production interruptions or supply chain disruptions including but not limited to availability of certain key components such as semiconductors, we may not be able to take advantage of increased production from other sources or develop alternate or secondary vendors without incurring material additional costs and substantial delays. Thus, our business could be adversely affected if one or more of our vendors or suppliers is impacted by any interruption at a particular location.
As the demand for battery swapping technology increases, the relevant equipment vendors may not be able to dedicate sufficient supply chain, production, or sales channel capacity to keep up with the required pace of battery swapping infrastructure expansion. In addition, as the ePTW market grows, the industry may be exposed to deteriorating design requirements, undetected faults or the erosion of testing standards by the relevant equipment and component suppliers, which may adversely impact the performance, reliability and lifecycle cost of the components in our battery swapping stations.
If we or our suppliers experience a significant increase in demand, or if we need to replace an existing supplier, we may not be able to supplement service or replace them on acceptable terms, which may undermine our ability to deliver products to customers in a timely manner. For example, it may take a significant amount of time to identify a vendor or manufacturer that has the capability and resources to supply battery swapping equipment in sufficient volume. Identifying and approving suitable vendors, suppliers and manufacturers could be an extensive process that requires us to become satisfied with their quality control, technical capabilities, responsiveness and service, financial stability, regulatory compliance, and labor and other ethical practices. Accordingly, a loss of any significant vendor, supplier or manufacturer would have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. In addition, our suppliers may face supply chain risks and constraints of their own, which may impact the availability and pricing of our products as well as our gross margins. For example, we have experienced and continue to experience shortages as well as increased costs for semiconductors.
We may experience delays in launching and ramping the production of our products and features, or we may be unable to control our manufacturing costs.
We have previously experienced and may in the future experience launch and production ramp delays for new products and features. In addition, we may introduce in the future new or unique manufacturing processes and design features for our products. There is no guarantee that we will be able to successfully and timely introduce and scale such processes or features.
In particular, our future business depends in large part on increasing the production of mass-market ePTWs. We have relatively limited experience to date in manufacturing ePTWs at high volumes and even less experience building and ramping production lines across multiple factories in different geographies. In order to be successful, we will need to implement, maintain and ramp efficient and cost-effective manufacturing capabilities, processes and supply chains and achieve necessary design tolerances, quality and output rates. We have planned to expand our production capacity in overseas markets through collaborations with local business partners. Bottlenecks and other unexpected challenges such as those we experienced in the past may arise during our production ramps, and we must address them promptly while continuing to improve manufacturing processes and reducing costs. If we are not successful in achieving these goals, we could face delays in establishing and/or sustaining our ePTW ramps or be unable to meet our related cost and profitability targets.
Any delay or other complication in ramping the production of our current products or the development, manufacture, launch and production ramp of our future products, features and services, or in doing so cost-effectively and with high quality, may harm our brand, business, prospects, financial condition and results of operations.
Failure to effectively expand our sales and marketing capabilities could harm our ability to increase our customer base and achieve broader market acceptance of our solutions.
Our ability to grow our customer base, achieve broader market acceptance, grow revenue, and achieve and sustain profitability will depend, to a significant extent, on our ability to effectively expand our sales and marketing operations and activities. We rely on our business development, sales and marketing teams to obtain new original equipment manufacturer (“OEM”) and grow our retail business, and on the technology, site development, and project management personnel to build out and serve new battery swapping stations. We
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plan to continue to expand in these functional areas but we may not be able to recruit and hire a sufficient number of competent personnel with requisite skills, technical expertise and experience, which may adversely affect our ability to expand our sales capabilities. The hiring process can be costly and time-consuming, and new employees may require significant training and time before they achieve full productivity. Recent hires and planned hires may not become as productive as quickly as anticipated, and we may be unable to hire or retain sufficient numbers of qualified individuals. Our ability to achieve significant revenue growth in the future will depend, in large part, on our success in recruiting, training, incentivizing and retaining a sufficient number of qualified personnel attaining desired productivity levels within a reasonable time. Our business will be harmed if investment in personnel related to business development and related company activities does not generate a significant increase in revenue.
Our success depends on the ability to develop and maintain relationships with our partners, including our OEM partners, manufacturing partners and demand generation partners.
The success of our business depends on our ability to develop and maintain relationships with our partners, including our OEM partners, such as Aeon Motor and Yamaha Motor in Taiwan, Yadea and DCJ in the PRC, and Hero in India, manufacturing partners, such as Foxconn, and demand generation partners, such as GoTo in Indonesia and Zypp in India. These relationships help us access new customers and build brand awareness through co-marketing. In some cases, our partners have agreed to fund capital expenditures related to the build out of our battery swapping station network. If we fail to maintain or develop relationships with our partners, or if our partners opt to partner with competitors rather than us, our revenues may decline and our business may suffer.
There can be no certainty that we will be able to identify and contract with suitable additional partners. To the extent we do identify such partners, we will need to negotiate the terms of a commercial agreement with such partners. There can be no assurance that we will be able to negotiate commercially-attractive terms with additional partners, if at all. We may also be limited in negotiating future commercial agreements by the provisions of our existing contracts such as “most-favored nations” clauses.
Increases in costs, disruption of supply or shortage of materials, in particular for lithium-ion cells and metals, could harm our business.
We and our suppliers may experience increases in the cost of or a sustained interruption in the supply or shortage of materials. Any such increase, supply interruption or shortage could materially and negatively impact our business, prospects, financial condition and results of operations. We and our suppliers use various materials in our respective businesses and products, including for example lithium-ion battery cells and steel, and the prices for these materials fluctuate and may, together with other key components, increase significantly as a result of an increased electrification and demand for materials required to manufacture and assemble battery cells and ePTWs. The available supply of these materials may be unstable, depending on market conditions and global demand, including as a result of increased production of ePTWs by our competitors, and could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. For instance, we are exposed to multiple risks relating to lithium-ion battery cells. These risks include:
▪an increase in the cost, or decrease in the available supply, of materials used in the battery cells;
▪disruption in the supply of battery cells due to quality issues or recalls by battery cell manufacturers; and
▪fluctuations in the value of any foreign currencies in which battery cell and related raw material purchases are or may be denominated against the New Taiwan Dollar.
Our business is dependent on the continued supply of battery cells for the battery packs used in our ePTWs. Any disruption in the supply of battery cells from our suppliers could disrupt maintenance of our battery swapping stations and production of ePTWs. Furthermore, fluctuations or shortages in petroleum and other economic conditions, including increasing inflation have caused us to experience significant increases in freight charges and material costs. We have experienced a shortage in semiconductors and a shortage of semiconductors or other key components could cause a significant disruption to our production schedule. If we are unable to pre-purchase supply for semiconductors or other key components that may experience shortages, or if we cannot find other methods to mitigate the impact of any such shortage, then any such short shortage could have a substantial adverse effect on our financial condition or results of operations generally in the same manner, it could cause the same for other vehicle and ePTW manufacturers. Substantial increases in the prices for our materials or prices charged to us, such as those charged by suppliers of battery cells, semiconductors or other key components, have increased our operating costs, and could reduce our margins if the increased costs cannot be recouped through increased ePTW sales. Given the competitive nature of the markets in which we operate in, it is unlikely that increases in expenses can be passed on to customers. Any attempts to increase ePTW prices in response to increased material costs could result in cancellations of orders and reservations and therefore materially and adversely affect our brand, image, business, prospects, financial condition and results of operations. Thus, substantial increases in the prices for our materials or components would materially and adversely affect our business, increase our operating costs and negatively impact our prospects.
If we fail to offer high-quality support to the battery swapping stations and station suppliers, or experience system or hardware failure, or fail to maintain strong user experience, our business and reputation will suffer.
Once a customer has subscribed to our services, they will rely on us to provide support services to resolve any issues that might arise in the future. Rapid and high-quality customer support is important so drivers can receive reliable battery swapping services for their ePTWs. The importance of high-quality customer support will increase as we seek to expand our business and pursue new customers and geographies. Any failure to quickly resolve issues and provide effective support, or a market perception that we do not
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maintain effective and responsive support, could adversely affect our brand and reputation, our ability to retain customers or sell additional products and services to existing customers, and our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
We may be unable to retain our key personnel and attract additional qualified personnel to operate and expand our business. If we are unable to attract and retain key personnel and hire qualified management, technical, engineering and sales personnel, our ability to compete and successfully grow our business would be harmed.
Our success depends largely on the skills, experience and performance of the members of our senior management and other key personnel. In particular, Mr. Horace Luke, our Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board and Director, is critical to the management of our business and operations and the development of our strategic direction. The loss of the services of any of our key employees or any significant portion of our workforce could disrupt our operations or delay the development, introduction and ramp of our products and services. None of our key employees is bound by an employment agreement for any specific term and we may not be able to successfully attract and retain senior leadership necessary to grow our business. Our future success also depends upon our ability to attract, hire and retain a large number of engineering, manufacturing, marketing, sales and delivery, service, installation, technology and support personnel, especially to support our planned high-volume product sales, market and geographical expansion and technological innovations. Recruiting efforts, particularly for senior employees, may be time-consuming, which may delay the execution of our plans. If we are not successful in managing these risks, our business, financial condition and results of operations may be harmed.
Employees may leave us or choose other employers, including competitors,over us due to various factors, such as a very competitive labor market for talented individuals with automotive or technology experience, or any negative publicity related to us. In regions where we have or will have operations, particularly significant engineering and manufacturing centers, there is strong competition for individuals with skill sets needed for our business, including specialized knowledge of ePTWs, software engineering, manufacturing engineering and electrical and building construction expertise. We also compete with both mature and prosperous companies that have large financial resources and start-ups and emerging companies that promise short-term growth opportunities.
We expect to incur research and development costs and devote significant resources to developing new products, which could significantly reduce our profitability and may never result in revenue to us.
Our future growth depends on penetrating new markets, adapting existing products to new applications and customer requirements, and introducing new products that achieve market acceptance. For example, we have deployed a number of pilot programs in Taiwan which are intended to extend the life of our battery packs beyond use in ePTWs. We have begun the deployment of smart parking meters in New Taipei City, enabling New Taipei to embrace smart city technologies for their paid parking locations that are off the power grid and wirelessly connected. If we are unable to anticipate technological changes in the industry by introducing new or enhanced products and services in a timely and cost-effective manner, if we fail to introduce products and services that meet market demand, or we do not successfully expand into adjacent markets, we may lose our competitive position, our products may become obsolete, and our business, financial condition or results of operations could be adversely affected.
Our success in these new markets depends on a variety of factors, including but not limited to our ability to develop new products, new product features and services that address the customer requirements for these markets, attract a customer base in markets in which we have less experience, compete with new and existing competitors in these adjacent markets, and gain market acceptance of our new products.
Developing our products is expensive, and the investment in product development may involve a long payback cycle. Our results of operations will be impacted by the timing and size of these investments. These investments may take several years to generate positive returns, if ever.
Additionally, future market share gains may take longer than planned and cause us to incur significant costs. Difficulties in any of our new product development efforts or our efforts to enter adjacent markets could adversely affect our operating results and financial condition.
We may not be able to accurately plan our production based on our sales contracts, which may result in carrying excess raw material inventory.
Our sales contracts typically provide for a forecast of 12 months on the quantity of products that our customers may purchase from us. We typically have a 12-week lead time to manufacture products to meet our customers’ requirements once our customers place orders with us. To meet this delivery deadline, we generally make decisions on our production level and timing, procurement, facility requirements, personnel needs and other resources requirements based on estimates made in light of this forecast, our past dealings with such customers, market conditions and other relevant factors. Our customers’ final purchase orders may not be consistent with our estimates. If the final purchase orders substantially differ from our estimates, we may have excess raw material inventory or material shortages. Excess inventory could result in unprofitable sales or write-offs as our products are susceptible to obsolescence and price declines. Expediting additional material to make up for any shortages within a short time frame could result in unprofitable sales or cause us to adjust delivery dates. In either case, our results of operation would fluctuate from period-to-period. These factors could have an adverse effect on our result of operations as a result of impairments. Further, such excess material and inventory could also lead to a decision of exiting certain products and models.
We may experience issues with vehicle and battery components, which may harm the production and profitability of our products.
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Our plan to grow the volume and profitability of our ePTWs and battery swapping services depends on significant production of the relevant components. We produce several vehicle components, vehicles, and battery packs. In the past, some of the manufacturing lines for certain product components took longer than anticipated to ramp to their full capacity, and additional bottlenecks may arise in the future as we continue to increase the production rate and introduce new lines. If we are unable to or otherwise do not maintain and grow our respective operations, or if we are unable to do so cost-effectively or hire and retain highly-skilled personnel there, our ability to manufacture our products profitably would be limited, which may harm our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Finally, lithium-ion cells can rapidly release the energy they contain by venting smoke and flames in a manner that can ignite nearby materials as well as other lithium-ion cells. Negative public perceptions regarding the suitability of lithium-ion cells or any future incident involving lithium-ion cells, such as a vehicle or other fire, even if such incident does not involve our battery cells, could seriously harm our business and reputation. Any incident involving our battery cells could result in lawsuits, recalls or redesign efforts, all of which would be time consuming and expensive and could harm our brand image. The high volumes of battery cells and battery modules and packs manufactured at our facilities are stored and recycled at our various facilities. Any mishandling of battery cells may cause disruption to the operation of such facilities. While we have implemented safety procedures related to the handling of the cells, there can be no assurance that a safety issue or fire related to the cells would not disrupt our operations. Any such disruptions or issues may harm our brand and business.
We may be subject to declining average selling prices, which may harm our revenue and gross profits.
ePTWs and battery swapping services are subject to declines in average selling prices due to rapidly evolving technologies, industry standards and consumer preferences. As a result, our customers may expect us, as a supplier, to cut our costs and lower the price of our products in order to mitigate the negative impact on their own margins.
We continue to refine and optimize our manufacturing process to provide our top-notch products at competitive prices. Our revenue and profitability will suffer if we are unable to offset any declines in our average selling prices by developing new or enhanced products with higher selling prices or gross profit margins, increasing our sales volumes or reducing the material costs of our products on a timely basis.
Our products and services may be impacted by service disruptions, outages, errors, performance, and quality problems. These disruptions, outages, quality, and other performance problems may result in material and adverse impacts to our business and operations.
We have previously experienced, and may in the future experience, service disruptions, outages and other performance problems due to a variety of factors, including infrastructure changes, third-party service providers, human or software errors and capacity constraints. If our products or services are unavailable or otherwise fail to function appropriately when customers attempt to access them or they do not operate or perform in a responsive and effective manner, customers may seek other products and services.
We expect to continue to make significant investments to maintain and improve our software and other aspects of our product and service offerings. To the extent that we do not effectively address capacity constraints, upgrade our systems as needed and continually develop our technology and network architecture to accommodate actual and anticipated changes in technology, our business, financial condition and results of operations may be harmed.
If our software is unavailable for a significant period of time as a result of such a transition, especially during peak periods, we could suffer damage to our reputation or brand, or loss of revenues any of which could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Our technology could have undetected defects, errors or bugs in hardware, firmware or software, which could reduce market adoption, increase cost of maintenance, repair, or replacement, damage our reputation with current or prospective customers, and/or expose us to product liability and other claims that could materially and adversely affect our business.
We may be subject to claims that batteries from our battery swapping stations have malfunctioned and persons were injured or purported to be injured due to latent defects. Any insurance that we carry may not be sufficient or may not apply to all situations. Similarly, to the extent that such malfunctions are related to components obtained from third-party vendors, such vendors may not assume responsibility for such malfunctions. Any of these events could adversely affect our brand, reputation, financial condition or results of operations.
Our software platform is complex and includes a number of licensed third-party commercial and open-source software libraries. Our software may contain latent defects or errors that may be difficult to detect and remediate. We are continuing to evolve the features and functionality of our platform through updates and enhancements, and as we do, we may introduce additional defects or errors that may not be detected until after deployment to customers.
In addition, if our products and services, including any updates or patches, are not implemented or used correctly or as intended, inadequate performance and disruptions in service may result. Any defects or errors in product or services offerings, or the perception of such defects or errors, or other performance problems could result in any of the following, each of which could adversely affect our business and results of operations:
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▪expenditure of significant financial and product development resources, including recalls, in efforts to analyze, correct, eliminate or work around errors or defects;
▪loss of existing or potential customers or partners;
▪interruptions or delays in sales;
▪equipment replacements;
▪delayed or lost revenue;
▪delay or failure to attain market acceptance;
▪delay in the development or release of new functionality or improvements;
▪negative publicity and reputational harm;
▪sales credits or refunds;
▪exposure of confidential or proprietary information;
▪diversion of development and customer service resources;
▪breach of warranty claims;
▪legal claims under applicable laws, rules and regulations; and
▪the expense and risk of litigation.
We also face the risk that any contractual protections we seek to include in our agreements with customers are rejected, not implemented uniformly or may not fully or effectively protect from claims by customers, reseller, business partners or other third parties. In addition, any insurance coverage or indemnification obligations of suppliers for our benefit may not adequately cover all such claims, or cover only a portion of such claims. A successful product liability, warranty, or other similar claim could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. In addition, even claims that ultimately are unsuccessful could result in expenditure of funds in litigation, divert management’s time and other resources and cause reputational harm.
Our insurance coverage strategy may not be adequate to protect us from all business risks.
We may be subject, in the ordinary course of business, to losses resulting from products liability, accidents, acts of God and other claims against us, for which we may have no insurance coverage. As a general matter, we do not maintain as much insurance coverage as many other companies do, and in some cases, we do not maintain any at all. Additionally, the policies that we do have may include significant deductibles or self-insured retentions, policy limitations and exclusions, and we cannot be certain that our insurance coverage will be sufficient to cover all future losses or claims against us. A loss that is uninsured or which exceeds policy limits may require us to pay substantial amounts, which may harm our financial condition and results of operations.
We may choose to or be compelled to undertake product recalls or take other similar actions.
As a company that manufactures our own vehicles, battery packs, and battery swapping stations, we must manage the risk of product recalls with respect to our products. In addition to recalls that might be initiated by us for various causes, testing of or investigations into our products by government regulators or industry groups may compel us to initiate product recalls or may result in negative public perceptions about the safety of our products, even if we disagree with the defect determination or have data that shows the actual safety risk to be non-existent. We have initiated product recalls three times since our first vehicle launch in 2015, which occurred in 2017, 2018, and 2020, respectively, in Taiwan. In the future, we may voluntarily or involuntarily initiate recalls if any of our products are determined by us or a regulator to contain a safety defect or be noncompliant with applicable laws and regulations. Such recalls, whether voluntary or involuntary or caused by systems or components engineered or manufactured by us or our suppliers, has previously resulted in and could in the future result in significant expense, supply chain complications and service burdens, premature replacement of assets, and may harm our brand, business, prospects, financial condition and results of operations.
Any legal proceedings or claims against us could be costly and time-consuming to defend and could harm reputation regardless of the outcome.
We are and/or may in the future become, subject to legal proceedings and claims that arise in the ordinary course of business, including intellectual property, data privacy, product liability, employment, class action, whistleblower and other litigation claims, and governmental and other regulatory investigations and proceedings. Such matters can be time-consuming, divert management’s attention and resources, cause us to incur significant expenses or liability, or require us to change our business practices. In addition, the expense of litigation and the timing of this expense from period to period are difficult to estimate, subject to change, and could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations. For example, on December 26, 2019, Stone Energy Technology Corporation (“Stone Energy”) filed a lawsuit for patent infringement against Gogoro Taiwan Limited, Gogoro Network (Cayman), Gogoro Network (Cayman) Taiwan Branch and Gogoro Taiwan Sales and Services Limited in the Intellectual Property and Commercial Court (“IPCC”) of the Republic of China, in which the patent numbers I308406 and I423140 are asserted. On May 28, 2021, the IPCC dismissed all claims of Stone Energy. Stone Energy has appealed with a trimmed claim amount to IPCC. The IPCC for the second instance affirmed IPCC’s judgment for the first instance on August 25, 2022. Stone Energy appealed to the Supreme Court. Due to the uncertainty of timing and the amount of estimated future cash flows, no provision had been recognized as of December 31, 2022. On January 6, 2023 and March 9, 2023, the patent numbers I308406 and I423140 were both confirmed to be invalid by the Supreme Administrative Court. Also, we are facing four litigation cases, which have been initiated by former executives, managers and employees amounting to
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approximately $2.4 million. These cases are currently undergoing proceedings in the Taiwanese district courts and high court. We are defending for the favorable results. Due to the uncertainty of timing and the amount of estimated future cash flows, no provision had been recognized as of December 31, 2022.
Growing our customer base depends upon the effective operation of our mobile applications with mobile operating systems, networks and standards that we do not control.
We are dependent on the interoperability of our mobile applications with popular mobile operating systems that we do not control, such as Google’s Android and Apple’s iOS, and any changes in such systems that degrade our products’ functionality or give preferential treatment to competitive products could adversely affect the usage of our applications on mobile devices. Additionally, in order to deliver high quality mobile products, it is important that our products work well with a range of mobile technologies, systems, networks and standards that we do not control. We may not be successful in developing relationships with key participants in the mobile industry or in developing products that operate effectively with these technologies, systems, networks or standards.
We may be unable to leverage customer data in all geographic locations, and this limitation may impact research and development operations.
We rely on data collected through battery swapping stations or our mobile application. We use this data in connection with the research, development and analysis of our technologies, creating and delivering value-add customer services, and in assessing future battery swapping locations as well as swapping station capacities. Our inability to obtain necessary rights to use and otherwise process this data or freely transfer this data out of the relevant markets could result in delays or otherwise negatively impact our research and development and expansion efforts and limit our ability to derive revenues from value-add customer services. For instance, laws and regulations relating to privacy, data protection, and cybersecurity may limit our ability to make intelligent, data driven business decisions conduct micro-targeting marketing strategy or provide micro-targeting based offering to ePTW drivers.
Our battery swapping stations are often located in areas that are publicly accessible and may be exposed to vandalism or misuse by customers or other individuals, which would increase our replacement and maintenance costs.
Our battery swapping stations may also be exposed to vandalism or misuse by customers and other individuals, increasing wear and tear of the equipment. Such increased wear and tear could shorten the usable lifespan of the batteries and require us to increase our spending on replacement and maintenance costs.
Should we pursue acquisitions in the future, we would be subject to risks associated with acquisitions.
We may acquire additional assets, products, technologies or businesses that are complementary to our existing business. The process of identifying and consummating acquisitions and the subsequent integration of new assets and businesses into our own business would require attention from management and could result in a diversion of resources from our existing business, which in turn could have an adverse effect on our operations. Acquired assets or businesses may not generate the expected financial results. Acquisitions could also result in the use of cash, potentially dilutive issuances of equity securities, the occurrence of goodwill impairment charges, amortization expenses for other intangible assets and exposure to potential unknown liabilities of the acquired business.
If we complete future acquisitions, we may not ultimately strengthen our competitive position or achieve our goals and business strategy; we may be subject to claims or liabilities assumed from an acquired company, product, or technology; acquisitions we complete could be viewed negatively by our customers, investors, and securities analysts; and we may incur costs and expenses necessary to address an acquired company’s failure to comply with laws and governmental rules and regulations. Additionally, we may be subject to litigation or other claims in connection with the acquired company, including claims from terminated employees, former shareholders or other third parties, which may differ from or be more significant than the risks our business faces. If we are unsuccessful at integrating future acquisitions in a timely manner, or the technologies and operations associated with such acquisitions, the revenue and operating results of the combined company could be adversely affected. Any integration process may require significant time and resources, which may disrupt our ongoing business and divert management’s attention, and we may not be able to manage the integration process successfully or in a timely manner. We may not successfully evaluate or utilize the acquired technology or personnel, realize anticipated synergies from the acquisition, or accurately forecast the financial impact of an acquisition transaction and integration of such acquisition, including accounting charges and any potential impairment of goodwill and intangible assets recognized in connection with such acquisitions. We may have to pay cash, incur debt, or issue equity or equity-linked securities to pay for any future acquisitions, each of which could adversely affect our financial condition or the market price of Gogoro Ordinary Shares. Furthermore, the sale of equity or issuance of equity-linked debt to finance any future acquisitions could result in dilution to our shareholders. The occurrence of any of these risks could harm our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
Changes in subscriptions or pricing models may not be reflected in near-term operating results.
We generally recognize subscription revenue from customers ratably over the terms of their contracts. As a result, most of the subscription revenue reported in each quarter is derived from the recognition of deferred revenue relating to subscriptions entered into during previous quarters. Consequently, a decline in new or renewed subscriptions in any single quarter will likely have only a small impact on revenue for that quarter. However, such a decline will negatively affect revenue in future quarters. In addition, the severity and duration of events may not be predictable and their effects could extend beyond a single quarter. Accordingly, the effect of significant
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downturns in sales and market acceptance of subscription services, and potential changes in pricing policies or rate of renewals, may not be fully apparent until future periods.
Our business will depend on customers renewing their services subscriptions. If customers do not continue to use our subscription offerings, our business, financial condition and results of operations will be adversely affected.
In addition to selling ePTWs, we also depend on customers continuing to subscribe to our battery swapping services through our battery swapping stations and extended warranty coverages. Therefore, it is important that customers renew their subscriptions when the contract term expires and add additional services to their subscriptions. Customers may decide not to renew their subscriptions with a similar contract period, at the same prices or terms or with the same or a greater number of users, stations or level of functionality. Customer retention may decline or fluctuate as a result of a number of factors, including satisfaction with software and features, functionality of the batteries from the battery swapping stations, prices, features and pricing of competing products, reductions in spending levels, mergers and acquisitions involving customers and deteriorating general economic conditions.
If customers do not renew their subscriptions, if they renew on less favorable terms or if they fail to add products or services, our business, financial condition and results of operations will be adversely affected.
We may need to raise additional funds and these funds may not be available when needed or may be available only on unfavorable terms.
We may need to raise additional capital in the future to further scale our business and expand to additional markets. Our development timeline progresses as planned and corresponding expenditures are consistent with current expectations, both of which are subject to various risks and uncertainties, including those described herein. We may raise additional funds through the issuance of equity, equity-related or debt securities, or through obtaining credit from government or financial institutions. We cannot be certain that additional funds will be available on favorable terms when required, or at all. If we cannot raise additional funds when needed, our financial condition, results of operations, business and prospects could be materially and adversely affected. If we raise funds through the issuance of debt securities or through loan arrangements, the terms of which could require significant interest payments, contain covenants that restrict our business, or other unfavorable terms. In addition, to the extent we raise funds through the sale of additional equity securities, our shareholders would experience additional dilution.
Seasonality may cause fluctuations in our revenue and results of operations.
As a seller of ePTWs, we are impacted by seasonality, primarily by weather. During winter or colder months, sales of vehicles tend to slow while during warmer months, sales increase. This phenomenon is further compounded by the number of events that are hosted during warmer month— summer holiday sales, back to school sales, etc.
Such seasonality causes our revenue to vary from quarter to quarter which can make forecasting more difficult and may adversely affect our ability to predict financial results accurately. In addition, our historical growth may have reduced the impact of seasonal factors that might have influenced our business to date. If our increasing size causes our growth rate to slow, seasonal variations in our operations may become more pronounced over time and may materially affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.
We are exposed to fluctuations in currency exchange rates.
We transact business globally in multiple currencies and have foreign currency risks related to our revenue, costs of revenue and operating expenses currently primarily the New Taiwan Dollar. In addition, a portion of our costs and expenses have been, and we anticipate will continue to be, denominated in foreign currencies. Moreover, while we did not engage in hedging activities intended to offset the impact of currency translation exposure historically other than certain limited natural hedge positions, it is impossible to predict or eliminate such impact. As a result, our operating results may be harmed.
Currently, our operations denominated in NTD have provided and are expected to continue to provide a materially significant portion of our consolidated revenues and expenses that we report in U.S. Dollars. As a result, our consolidated revenues and expenses are affected and will continue to be affected by changes in the U.S. Dollars against NTD and other major foreign currencies. Fluctuations in the U.S. Dollars may impact the amount of total assets, liabilities, earnings and cash flows that we report for our subsidiaries upon the translation of these amounts into U.S. Dollars. In particular, the strengthening of the U.S. Dollar generally will reduce the reported amount of NTD denominated monetary assets and liabilities, total revenue and total expense that we translate into U.S. Dollars and report in our consolidated financial statements for and as of the end of each reporting period. For example, the U.S. Dollars have appreciated approximately 12.7% against the NTD in 2022. As a result of this exchange rate change only, our full year 2022 revenue reported was negatively impacted by approximately $26.0 million compared to what we would have reported if foreign exchange rates had remained constant with the average rate in each of the comparable quarters of 2021.
We face risks related to health pandemics, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, which could have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations.
Our business could be adversely affected by the effects of COVID-19, avian flu, SARS, swine flu, Zika virus or another epidemic or outbreak. These outbreaks of contagious diseases, and other adverse public health developments in Taiwan or any overseas markets
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would have a material adverse effect on our business operations. These could include restrictions on our ability to travel or to ship our products outside of Taiwan, as well as cause temporary closure of our manufacturing facilities and offices. Such closures or travel or shipment restrictions would severely disrupt our operations and adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.
The impact of COVID-19, including changes in consumer and business behavior, pandemic fears and market downturns, and restrictions on business and individual activities, has created significant volatility in the global economy and has led to reduced economic activity. The spread of COVID-19 has also created a disruption in the manufacturing, delivery and overall supply chain of vehicle manufacturers and suppliers and has led to a decrease in EV sales in markets around the world. Any sustained downturn in demand for EVs would harm our business. For example, despite gradual easing of COVID-19 pandemic, both the PTWs and ePTWs markets in Taiwan experienced a notable decline in 2022 due to uncertainties derived from macroeconomic volatility.
The pandemic has resulted in government authorities implementing numerous measures to try to contain the virus, such as travel bans and restrictions, quarantines, stay-at-home or shelter-in-place orders and business shutdowns. These measures have adversely impacted our employees and operations and the operations of our customers, suppliers, vendors and business partners, and may negatively impact demand for battery swapping stations, particularly at workplaces. Although the relevant governmental authorities have loosen the restrictive measures, these measures by government authorities may adversely affect manufacturing and building plans, sales and marketing activities, business and results of operations if the authorities decide to implement these measures again in the future. Our operations in these regions may be adversely affected when these restrictive measures are in force. The emergence of regional outbreaks and the corresponding restrictive measures are beyond our control. If additional waves of COVID-19, or any other disease, occur in the regions in which we operate or globally and cannot be contained, the risks set forth in this annual report may be exacerbated or accelerated at a heightened level.
The extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic impacts our business, prospects and results of operations will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted, including, but not limited to, the duration and spread of the pandemic, its severity, the actions to contain the virus or treat its impact, and when and to what extent normal economic and operating activities can resume. The COVID-19 pandemic could limit the ability of customers, suppliers, vendors and business partners to perform, including third-party suppliers’ ability to provide components and materials used in batteries or in providing installation or maintenance services. Even after the COVID-19 pandemic has subsided, we may continue to experience an adverse impact to our business as a result of its global economic impact, including any recession that has occurred or may occur in the future.
Specifically, difficult macroeconomic conditions, such as decreases in per capita income and level of disposable income, increased and prolonged unemployment or a decline in consumer confidence as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as reduced spending by businesses, could each have a material adverse effect on the demand for our products and services.
We face strong competition for our products and services from a growing list of established and new competitors.
The ePTW market is relatively new and competition is still developing. Large early-stage markets, such as India, require early engagement across verticals and customers to gain market share, and ongoing effort to scale channels, installers, teams and processes. Some Indian customers require solutions not yet available and our planned entrance into India will require establishing Gogoro against existing competitors. In addition, there are multiple competitors in India with limited funding, which could cause poor quality and customer experiences, hampering overall ePTW adoption or trust in any particular provider.
Further, our current or potential competitors may be acquired by third parties with greater available resources. As a result, competitors may be able to respond more quickly and effectively than us to new or changing opportunities, technologies, standards or customer requirements and may have the ability to initiate or withstand substantial price competition. In addition, competitors may in the future establish cooperative relationships with vendors of complementary products, technologies or services to increase the availability of their solutions in the marketplace. This competition may also materialize in the form of costly intellectual property disputes or litigation.
In the event that the market for battery swapping continues to expand, we expect that competition will intensify as additional competitors enter the market and current competitors expand their product lines. New competitors or alliances may emerge in the future that have greater market share, more widely adopted proprietary technologies, greater marketing expertise and greater financial resources, which could put us at a competitive disadvantage. Future competitors could also be better positioned to serve certain segments of our current or future target markets, which could create price pressure. In light of these factors, even if our offerings are more effective and higher quality than those of our competitors, current or potential customers may accept competitive solutions. If we fail to adapt to local regulations and policies, changing market conditions or continue to compete successfully with current charging providers or new competitors, our growth will be limited which would adversely affect our business and results of operations.
Our estimates of market opportunity and forecasts of market growth may prove to be inaccurate.
From time to time, we make statements with estimates of the addressable market for our solutions and the ePTW market in general. Market opportunity estimates and growth forecasts, whether obtained from third-party sources or developed internally, are subject to significant uncertainty and are based on assumptions and estimates that may prove to be inaccurate. The estimates and forecasts relating to the size and expected growth of the target market, market demand and adoption, capacity to address this demand and pricing may also prove to be inaccurate. In particular, estimates regarding the current and projected market opportunity are difficult to predict. The
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estimated addressable market may not materialize for many years, if ever, and even if the markets meet the size estimates and growth forecasts, our business could fail to grow at similar rates.
Concentration of ownership among our existing executive of officers, directors and their affiliates as well as 5% stockholders may prevent new investors from influencing significant corporate decisions.
As of the February 28, 2023, our directors, executive officers and their affiliates as a group beneficially own approximately 13.0% of the outstanding Gogoro Ordinary Shares. In addition, as of February 28, 2023, Gold Sino Assets Limited beneficially owned 21.6% of the outstanding Gogoro Ordinary Shares and Far Eastern International Bank beneficially owned 5.0% of the outstanding Gogoro Ordinary Shares. As a result, these shareholders will be able to exercise a significant level of control over all matters requiring shareholder approval, including the election of directors, any amendment of the articles of association and approval of significant corporate transactions. This control could have the effect of delaying or preventing a change of control or changes in management and will make the approval of certain transactions difficult or impossible without the support of these shareholders.
Restrictions imposed by our outstanding indebtedness and any future indebtedness may limit our ability to operate our business and to finance our future operations or capital needs or to engage in acquisitions or other business activities necessary to achieve growth.
We have two major term loan facilities in place with Mega International Commercial Bank Co. Ltd., in our individual capacity or as agent and a syndicate of lenders. Our term loan facilities include a number of covenants that limit our ability to, among other things, incur additional indebtedness, incur liens on our assets, engage in consolidations, amalgamations, mergers, liquidations, dissolutions or dispositions, sell or otherwise dispose of our assets, pay dividends or distributions on, or make repurchases or redemptions of, our shares, acquire other businesses (by way of asset purchase, share purchase, or otherwise), make loans, capital contributions, or other investments, or enter into any other transactions outside of the ordinary course of business. In addition, we must maintain a minimum liquidity ratio and a maximum ratio of total debt to shareholder equity. The terms of our term loan facilities restrict our current and future operations and could adversely affect our ability to finance our future operations or capital needs or take advantage of financing opportunities, mergers, acquisitions, investments, and other corporate opportunities that may be beneficial to our business. In addition, complying with these covenants may make it more difficult for us to successfully execute our business strategy and compete against companies which are not subject to such restrictions.
We cannot guarantee that we will be able to maintain compliance with the covenants in our term loan facilities or, if we fail to do so, that we will be able to obtain waivers from the lender and/or amend the covenants. A failure by us to comply with the covenants specified in the loan agreements would, absent cure or waiver, result in an event of default under the agreements, which would give the lender the right to suspend further draws of term loan and to declare all outstanding obligations immediately due and payable. If our obligations under our term loan facilities were to be accelerated, we may not have sufficient cash or be able to borrow sufficient funds to refinance the obligations or sell sufficient assets to repay the obligations, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. Even if we are able to obtain new financing, we may not be on commercially reasonable terms or on terms that are acceptable to us. Any event of default could also result in an increase in the interest rates applicable to our term loan facilities, and may result in the acceleration of or default under any other indebtedness we may incur in the future to which a cross-acceleration or cross-default provision applies. In addition, during the existence of an event of default under our term loan facilities, the lender could exercise its rights and remedies thereunder, including by way of initiating foreclosure proceedings over the collateral for our obligations.
If we fail to successfully develop and manage a business-to-business (“B2B”) business model and markets, our results of operations could be negatively impacted.
We are devoting significant resources to the development of technologies and service offerings where we have a limited operating history, including the enterprise and government markets. In the enterprise and government markets, we intend to increase our focus on vertical markets such as the last mile delivery industry, state and local government agencies and bureaus. These new focus and in particular in international markets require a considerable investment of technical, financial and sales resources, and a scalable organization. Many of our competitors may have advantages over us due to their larger presence, larger capital reserve, longer brand history, deeper experience in the enterprise and government markets, and greater sales and marketing resources.
Risks Related to ePTW Market
Changes to fuel economy standards or the success of alternative fuels may negatively impact the ePTW market and thus the demand for our products and services.
As regulatory initiatives have required an increase in the mileage capabilities of vehicles, consumption of renewable transportation fuels, such as ethanol and biodiesel, and consumer acceptance of ePTWs and other alternative vehicles has been increasing. If fuel efficiency of non-EVs continues to rise, whether as the result of regulations or otherwise, and affordability of vehicles using renewable transportation fuels improves, the demand for electric and high energy vehicles could diminish. In addition, the ePTW fueling model is different than gas or other fuel models, requiring behavior change and education of influencers, consumers and others such as regulatory bodies. Developments in alternative technologies, such as advanced diesel, ethanol, fuel cells or compressed natural gas, or improvements in the fuel economy of the internal combustion engine, may materially and adversely affect demand for ePTWs and battery swapping stations. For example, fuel which is abundant and relatively inexpensive in the United States, such as compressed natural gas, may emerge as preferred alternative to petroleum-based propulsion. Regulatory bodies may also adopt rules that
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substantially favor certain alternatives to petroleum-based propulsion over others, which may not necessarily be ePTWs. Various jurisdictions have announced plans to institute low carbon fuel standards that, if adopted, would lead to an increase in the consumption of renewable transportation fuels. This may impose additional obstacles to the purchase of ePTWs or the development of a more ubiquitous ePTW market. If any of the above cause or contribute to consumers or businesses to no longer purchase ePTWs or purchase them at a lower rate, it would materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.
Our growth and success are highly correlated with and thus dependent upon the continuing rapid adoption of and demand for ePTWs and battery swapping services.
Our growth is highly dependent upon the adoption of ePTWs by businesses and consumers. The market for ePTWs is still rapidly evolving, characterized by rapidly changing technologies, increasing consumer choice as it relates to available ePTW models, their pricing and performance, evolving government regulation and industry standards, changing consumer preferences and behaviors, intensifying levels of concern related to environmental issues, and governmental initiatives related to climate change and the environment generally. Our revenues are driven in large part by ePTW drivers’ driving and charging behavior. Potential shifts in behavior may include but are not limited to changes in annual vehicle miles traveled, preferences for urban vs. suburban vs. rural and public vs. private charging or use of battery swapping stations, demand from rideshare or urban delivery fleets, and the emergence of autonomous vehicles and/or new forms of mobility. Although demand for ePTWs has grown in recent years, there is no guarantee of continuing future demand. If the market for ePTWs develops more slowly than expected, or if demand for ePTWs decreases, our growth would be reduced and our business, prospects, financial condition and results of operations would be harmed. The market for ePTWs could be affected by numerous factors, such as:
▪perceptions about ePTW features, quality, driver experience, safety, performance and cost;
▪perceptions about the limited range over which ePTWs may be driven on a single battery charge or on a single battery and about availability and access to sufficient our battery swapping stations;
▪competition, including from other types of alternative fuel vehicles (such as hydrogen fuel cell vehicles), plug-in hybrid EVs and high fuel economy internal combustion engine (“ICE”) vehicles;
▪increases in fuel efficiency in legacy ICE and hybrid vehicles;
▪volatility in the price of gasoline and diesel at the pump including as a result of inflation and the conflict between Ukraine and Russia;
▪supply chain disruptions including but not limited to availability of certain components (e.g. semiconductors), ability of ePTW OEMs to ramp-up ePTW production, availability of batteries, and battery materials;
▪concerns regarding the stability of the electrical grid;
▪the decline of an ePTW battery’s ability to hold a charge over time;
▪availability of service for ePTWs;
▪consumers’ perception about the convenience, speed, and cost of battery swapping;
▪government regulations and economic incentives promoting fuel efficiency and alternate forms of energy;
▪the availability of tax and other governmental incentives (such as tax credits and rebates), including adverse changes in, or expiration of, favorable tax incentives related to ePTWs, battery swapping stations or decarbonization generally;
▪relaxation of government mandates or quotas regarding the sale of ePTWs; the number, price and variety of ePTW models available for purchase; and
▪concerns about the future viability of ePTW manufacturers.
In addition, sales of vehicles in the automotive industry can be cyclical, which may affect growth in acceptance of ePTWs. For example, our sales decreased due to impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, including but not limited to, (i) decreases in traffic and travel, which impacted the number of customers purchasing and using our products, (ii) the fall of gas prices, which resulted in the increase in sales of gas-powered scooters, and (iii) reduced traffic to in-person retail locations, which impacted the sales of our physical store locations. Furthermore, sales may be impacted due to change of government policies and subsidy programs. See “The ePTW market currently benefits from the availability of rebates, tax credits and other financial incentives from governments, utilities and others to offset the purchase or operating cost of ePTWs and battery swapping stations. The reduction, modification or elimination of such benefits could adversely affect our financial results.” Going forward, it is uncertain how macroeconomic factors will impact demand for ePTWs, particularly since they can be more expensive than traditional gasoline-powered vehicles, when the automotive industry globally has been experiencing a recent decline in sales.
While many global OEMs and several new market entrants have announced plans for new ePTW models, the lineup of ePTW models with increasing fast charging needs or longer battery charge expected to come to market over the next several years may not materialize in that timeframe or may fail to attract sufficient customer demand. Demand for ePTWs may also be affected by factors directly impacting automobile prices or the cost of purchasing and operating automobiles, such as sales and financing incentives, prices of raw materials and parts and components, cost of fuel and governmental regulations, including tariffs, import regulation and other taxes. Volatility in demand may lead to lower vehicle unit sales, which may result in reduced demand for ePTW charging solutions and therefore adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
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The ePTW markets are characterized by rapid technological change, which requires us to continue to develop new products and product innovations. Any delays in such development could adversely affect market adoption of our products and our financial results.
Continuing technological changes in battery and other ePTW technologies could adversely affect adoption of current ePTW battery technology, continuing and increasing reliance on ePTW charging infrastructure and battery swapping stations and/or the use of our products and services. Our future success will depend in part upon our ability to develop and introduce a variety of new capabilities and innovations to our existing product offerings, as well as introduce a variety of new product offerings to address the changing needs of the ePTW battery market.
As ePTW technologies change, we may need to upgrade or adapt our battery swapping station technology and introduce new products and services in order to serve the ePTW market, in particular battery technology, which could involve substantial costs. Even if we are able to keep pace with changes in technology and develop new products and services, our research and development expenses could increase, our gross margins could be adversely affected in some periods and our prior products could become obsolete more quickly than expected.
We cannot guarantee that any new products will be released in a timely manner, or at all, or achieve market acceptance. Delays in delivering new products that meet customer requirements could damage our relationships with customers and lead them to seek alternative products or services. Delays in introducing products and innovations or the failure to offer innovative products or services at competitive prices may cause existing and potential customers to use our competitors’ products or services.
If we are unable to devote adequate resources to develop products or cannot otherwise successfully develop products or services that meet customer requirements on a timely basis or that remain competitive with technological alternatives, our products and services could lose market share, our revenue will decline, we may experience higher operating losses and our business and prospects will be adversely affected.
The current lack of industry standards may lead to uncertainty, additional competition and further unexpected costs.
Lack of industry standards for battery swapping services, coupled with utilities and other large organizations, including governments, mandating their own adoption of specifications that have not become widely adopted in the industry, may hinder innovation or slow new product or new feature introduction.
In addition, automobile manufacturers may use their size and market position to influence the market, which could limit our market and reach to customers, negatively impacting our business.
Further, should regulatory bodies later impose a standard that is not compatible with our infrastructure, we may incur significant costs to adapt our business model to the new regulatory standard, which may require significant time and, as a result, may have a material adverse effect on our revenue or results of operations.
The ePTW market currently benefits from the availability of rebates, tax credits and other financial incentives from governments, utilities and others to offset the purchase or operating cost of ePTWs and battery swapping stations. The reduction, modification or elimination of such benefits could adversely affect our financial results.
The government provides incentives to end users and purchasers of ePTW and ePTW battery swapping stations in the form of rebates, tax credits, and other financial incentives. The ePTW market relies on these governmental rebates, tax credits, and other financial incentives to significantly lower the effective price of ePTW battery swapping stations. For example, laws compelling the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions could create opportunity for increased sales of our products and services. Incentives, including tax credits and rebates for purchases of battery swapping stations to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, creates a climate in which our sales may increase. However, these incentives may expire on a particular date, end when the allocated funding is exhausted, be reduced or terminated as a matter of regulatory or legislative policy, or be allocated to alternative industries, such as gas-powered markets. For example, sales decreased in 2020 due to a government changed subsidy program on gas scooters, which led to higher replacement demand on gas scooter products and negatively impacted the sale of ePTWs in Taiwan. In addition, new tariffs and policies that could incentivize overbuilding of infrastructure may also have a negative impact on the economics of our stations. Furthermore, new tariffs and policy incentives could be put in place by the government that favor equipment manufactured by or assembled at specific factory locations and geographies, which may put Gogoro and/or Gogoro battery swapping equipment vendors at a competitive disadvantage, including by increasing the cost or delaying the availability of battery swapping equipment, by challenging or eliminating our ability to apply or qualify for grants and other government incentives, or by disqualifying Gogoro from the ability to compete for certain battery swapping infrastructure build-out solicitations and programs, including those initiated by government agencies.
Risks Related to our Technology, Intellectual Property and Privacy
Our business may be adversely affected if we are unable to protect our technology and intellectual property from unauthorized use by third parties.
Our success depends, at least in part, on our ability to protect our core technology and intellectual property. To accomplish this, we rely on, and plans to continue relying on, a combination of trade secrets (including know-how), employee and third-party nondisclosure
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agreements, copyright, trademarks, intellectual property licenses and other contractual rights to retain ownership of, and protect, our technology. Failure to adequately protect our technology and intellectual property could result in competitors offering similar products, potentially resulting in the loss of some of our competitive advantage and a decrease in revenue which would adversely affect our business, prospects, financial condition and results of operations.
The measures we take to protect our technology intellectual property from unauthorized use by others may not be effective for various reasons, including the following:
▪the patent application we have submitted may not result in the issuance of any patents;
▪the scope of any issued patents that may result from the pending patent application may not be broad enough to protect proprietary rights;
▪the costs associated with enforcing patents, trademarks, confidentiality and invention agreements or other intellectual property rights may make enforcement impracticable;
▪current and future competitors may circumvent patents or independently develop similar inventions, trade secrets or works of authorship, such as software;
▪know-how and other proprietary information we purport to hold as a trade secret may not qualify as a trade secret under applicable laws; and
▪proprietary designs and technology embodied in our products may be discoverable by third parties through means that do not constitute violations of applicable laws.
Intellectual property and trade secret laws vary significantly throughout the world. Further, policing the unauthorized use of our intellectual property in foreign jurisdictions may be costly, difficult or even impossible.
Any issued patent which may result from the pending patent application may come to be considered “standards essential.” If this is the case, we may be required to license certain technology on “fair, reasonable and non-discriminatory” terms, decreasing revenue. Further, competitors, vendors, or customers may, in certain instances, be free to create variations or derivative works of our technology and intellectual property, and those derivative works may become directly competitive with our offerings. Finally, we may not be able to leverage, or obtain ownership of, all technology and intellectual property developed by our vendors in connection with design and manufacture of our products, thereby jeopardizing our ability to obtain a competitive advantage over our competitors.
Our patents may expire and may not be extended, and our currently pending or future patent applications may not be granted.
We cannot assure that all of our pending patent applications will result in issued patents. Even if our patent applications succeed and we are issued patents accordingly, we are still uncertain whether these patents will be contested, circumvented, or invalidated in the future. In addition, the rights granted under any issued patents may not provide us with meaningful protection or competitive advantages. The claims under any patents may not be broad enough to prevent others from developing technologies that are similar or that achieve results similar to ours. It is also possible that the intellectual property rights of others could bar us from licensing and exploiting our patents. Numerous patents and pending patent applications owned by others exist in the fields where we have developed and is developing our technology. These patents and patent applications might have priority over our patent applications and could subject our patent applications to invalidation. Finally, in addition to those who may claim priority, any of our existing patents or pending patent applications may also be challenged by others on the basis that they are otherwise invalid or unenforceable.
Computer malware, viruses, ransomware, hacking, phishing attacks and similar disruptions could result in security and privacy breaches and interruption in service, which could harm our business.
We face, and will face, various cybersecurity risks to our systems, products, and operations. Computer malware, viruses, physical or electronic break-ins and similar disruptions could lead to interruption and delay in our services and operations and loss, misuse, corruption, unavailability, or theft of data. Our operations, products, and intellectual property also inherently are at risk of loss, inappropriate access or use, or tampering by both insider threats and external bad actors. Computer malware, viruses, ransomware, hacking and phishing attacks against online networks have become more prevalent and we have been subject to and may experience these types of incidents on our systems in the future. For example, in January 2022, we experienced a ransomware attack that caused limited disruption to our operations. Since the incident, we have enhanced our security posture, including by improving network segmentation and deploying more extensive backup solutions. However, we cannot guarantee that future attacks will not occur or that future attacks will not cause more severe disruption or material costs in the future. In addition, our customers and partners (including our supply chain) face similar threats and growing cybersecurity requirements. There have been and may continue to be significant supply chain cyber attacks generally, and our third-party vendors and service providers may be targeted or impacted by such attacks. We cannot guarantee that we or our third-party vendors and service providers’ systems and networks have not been breached or that they do not contain exploitable defects or bugs that could result in a breach of or disruption to our systems and networks or the systems and networks of third parties that support us and our services.
Any security breach or incident, including those resulting from a cybersecurity attack, phishing attack, or any unauthorized access, unauthorized usage, virus, malware, ransomware or similar breach or disruption to our networks and systems, or those of third parties upon which we rely, or the perception or report that any of these have occurred, could result in the loss, corruption, misuse, or unauthorized disclosure of confidential information, damage to our reputation, litigation, regulatory investigations and proceedings,
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fines, penalties, or other liabilities. No assurance can be made that any limitations of liability provisions in our agreements with our customers with third-party vendors and service providers, or other contracts, would be enforceable or adequate or would otherwise protect us from any liabilities or damages with respect to any particular claim relating to a security breach or other security-related matter.
Further, insurance may not be sufficient to cover significant expenses and losses related to cyber-attacks and other security breaches and incidents. We may incur significant costs in an effort to detect and prevent security breaches and other security-related incidents, and our costs may increase as we make improvements to our systems and processes to prevent future breaches and incidents. Efforts to prevent cyber attackers from entering computer systems are expensive to implement, and we may not be able to cause the implementation or enforcement of such preventions with respect to our service providers, vendors, or other third parties. Further, we have previously experienced, and may in the future experience, service disruptions, outages and other performance problems due to a variety of factors, including security incidents, such as ransomware attacks, infrastructure changes, third-party service providers, human or software errors and capacity constraints. If our services are unavailable when users attempt to access them, they may seek other services, which could reduce demand for our solutions from target customers.
We have processes and procedures in place designed to enable us to quickly recover from a disaster or catastrophe. However, there are several factors ranging from human error to data corruption that could materially impact the efficacy of such processes and procedures, including by lengthening the time services are partially or fully unavailable to customers and users. It may be difficult or impossible to perform some or all recovery steps and continue normal business operations due to the nature of a particular disaster or catastrophe, during peak periods, which could cause additional reputational damages, or loss of revenue, any of which could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We may need to defend against intellectual property infringement or misappropriation claims, which may be time-consuming and expensive. In the event that we fail to successfully defend any such claims, our business may be temporarily suspended or permanently impacted.
From time to time, the holders of intellectual property rights may assert their rights and urge us to take licenses, and/or may bring suits alleging infringement or misappropriation of such rights. There can be no assurance that we will be able to mitigate the risk of potential suits or other legal demands by competitors or other third parties. Accordingly, we may consider entering into licensing agreements with respect to such rights, although no assurance can be given that such licenses can be obtained on acceptable terms or that litigation will not occur, and such licenses and associated litigation could significantly increase our operating expenses. In addition, if we are determined to have or believe there is a high likelihood that we have infringed upon or misappropriated a third party’s intellectual property rights, we may be required to cease making, selling or incorporating certain key components or intellectual property into the products and services we offer, to pay substantial damages and/or royalties, to redesign our products and services, and/or to establish and maintain alternative branding. In addition, to the extent that our customers and business partners become the subject of any allegation or claim regarding the infringement or misappropriation of intellectual property rights related to our products and services, we may be required to indemnify such customers and business partners. If we were required to take one or more such actions, our business, prospects, financial condition and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected. In addition, any litigation or claims, whether or not valid, could result in substantial costs, negative publicity and diversion of resources and management attention.
Interruptions, delays in service or inability to increase capacity, including internationally, at third-party data center facilities could impair the use or functionality of our subscription services, harm our business and subject us to liability.
We currently serve customers from third-party data center facilities operated by Amazon Web Services. The majority of our services are housed in third-party data centers operated in Tokyo, and we employ geographically distributed redundant, back-up data centers for all of our services. Any outage or failure of such data centers could negatively affect our product connectivity and performance. Our primary environments are operated by our technical engineers, and any interruptions or other disruptions of these primary and backup data centers could negatively affect our product connectivity and performance. Any incident affecting a data center facility’s or cellular and/or virtual private networking services provider’s infrastructure or operations, whether caused by fire, flood, storm, earthquake, power loss, telecommunications failures, breach of security protocols, computer viruses and disabling devices, ransomware, malware or other malicious code, failure of access control mechanisms, natural disasters, war, criminal act, military actions, terrorist attacks and other similar events could negatively affect the use, functionality or availability of our services.
Any damage to, or failure of, our systems, or those of our third-party providers, could interrupt or hinder the use or functionality of our services. Impairment of or interruptions in our services may reduce revenue, subject us to claims and litigation, cause customers to terminate their subscriptions, and adversely affect renewal rates and our ability to attract new customers. Our business will also be harmed if customers and potential customers believe our products and services are unreliable.
Risks Related to the Regulatory Environment
We face risks associated with maintaining and expanding our international operations, including unfavorable and uncertain regulatory, political, economic, tax and labor conditions.
We are subject to legal and regulatory requirements, political uncertainty and social, environmental and economic conditions in numerous jurisdictions, including markets in which we generate significant sales, over which we have little control and which are
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inherently unpredictable. Our operations in such jurisdictions, particularly as a company based in Taiwan, create risks relating to conforming our products to regulatory and safety requirements and charging and other electric infrastructures; organizing local operating entities; establishing, staffing and managing foreign business locations; attracting local customers; navigating foreign government taxes, regulations and permit requirements; enforceability of our contractual rights; trade restrictions, customs regulations, tariffs and price or exchange controls; and preferences in foreign nations for domestically manufactured products. Such conditions may increase our costs, impact our ability to sell our products and require significant management attention, and may harm our business if we are unable to manage them effectively.
Any failure by us to comply with laws or regulations relating to privacy, data protection, cybersecurity, and consumer protection of the jurisdictions in which we operate or where our products are sold may harm us.
We are and may become subject to a variety of federal, state, local, and international laws, directives, and regulations, as well as contractual obligations, relating to the collection, use, retention, security, disclosure, transfer, and other processing of personal information and other data. The regulatory framework for privacy, data protection, and data security worldwide is rapidly evolving and is likely to remain uncertain for the foreseeable future. Complying with laws, regulations, amendments to or re-interpretations of existing laws and regulations, and contractual or other actual or alleged obligations relating to privacy, data protection, data transfers, data localization, or cybersecurity may require us to make changes to our services, policies and procedures, and to engage in additional contractual negotiations, to enable us or our customers to meet new legal requirements, incur substantial operational costs, modify our data practices and policies, and restrict our business operations. Any failure by us or our vendors or other business partners to comply with domestic or international laws or regulations relating to privacy, data protection, or cybersecurity in connection with the processing, collection, use, retention, security and transfer of data relating to individuals, including personally identifiable information, could result in regulatory or litigation-related actions and proceedings by regulators and private parties against us, legal liability, fines, damages, ongoing audit requirements and other significant costs and expenses. Substantial expenses and operational changes may be required in connection with maintaining compliance with such laws, regulations, and other actual and asserted obligations, and even an unsuccessful challenge by customers or regulatory authorities of our activities could result in adverse publicity and could require a costly response from and defense by us. In addition, certain emerging privacy laws, regulations, and standards, are still subject to a high degree of uncertainty as to their interpretation, application and impact, and may require extensive system and operational changes, be difficult to implement, increase our operating costs, adversely impact the cost or attractiveness of the products or services we offer, or result in adverse publicity and harm our reputation. For example, new privacy and cybersecurity laws are coming into effect in the PRC. Notwithstanding our efforts to protect the security and integrity of our customers’ personal information, we may be required to expend significant resources to comply with legal and regulatory requirements if, for example, third parties improperly obtain and use the personal information of our customers or we otherwise experience a security breach or incident that impacts our operations or leads to any loss of, or unauthorized access to, or use or acquisition of, customers’ personal information. Any of these may result in fines, penalties and damages and harm our brand, prospects and results of operations.
Existing and future environmental health and safety laws and regulations could result in increased compliance costs or additional operating costs or construction costs and restrictions. Failure to comply with such laws and regulations may result in substantial fines or other limitations that may adversely impact our financial condition or results of operation.
We and our operations, as well as those of our contractors, suppliers and customers, are subject to certain environmental laws and regulations, including laws related to the use, handling, storage, transportation and disposal of hazardous substances and wastes as well as electronic wastes and hardware, whether hazardous or not. These laws may require us or others in our value chain to obtain permits and comply with procedures that impose various restrictions and obligations that may have material effects on our operations. If key permits and approvals cannot be obtained on acceptable terms, or if other operational requirements cannot be met in a manner satisfactory for our operations or on a timeline that meets our commercial obligations, it may adversely impact our business.
Environmental and health and safety laws and regulations can be complex and may be subject to change, such as through new requirements enacted at the supranational, national, sub-national and/or local level or new or modified regulations that may be implemented under existing law. The nature and extent of any changes in these laws, rules, regulations and permits may be unpredictable and may have material effects on our business. Future legislation and regulations or changes in existing legislation and regulations, or interpretations thereof, including those relating to hardware manufacturing, electronic waste or batteries, could cause additional expenditures, restrictions and delays in connection with our operations as well as other future projects, the extent of which cannot be predicted.
Although we are not regulated as a utility company, changes in regulations may subject us to regulation as a utility or otherwise require us to comply with utility-style regulations and limitations.
Although we generally are not regulated as a utility, government laws and regulations concerning electricity heavily influence the market for our product and services. These statutes and regulations often relate to electricity pricing, net metering, incentives, taxation, and the rules surrounding the interconnection of customer-owned electricity generation for specific technologies. Changes, or in some cases a lack of change, in any of the laws, regulations, ordinances locally or in foreign markets or other rules that apply to customer installations and new technology could make it more costly for our vendors to install and operate our battery swapping stations on particular sites, and in turn could negatively affect our ability to deliver cost savings to customers for the use of our products. If we become subject to the same regulatory authorities as utilities or if new regulatory bodies are established to oversee our business, the
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marketability of our products could be impacted and our operating costs could materially increase. In addition, regulatory uncertainty could discourage investment in the industry, which would reduce the capital available to us.
We may be subject to various governmental export control and trade sanctions and regulations that could impair our ability to compete in international markets or subject us to liability if we violate these controls.
In some cases, we may be subject to export control laws and regulations, including the Export Administration Regulations administered by the U.S. Department of Commerce, and our activities may be subject to trade and economic sanctions, including those administered by the United States Department of the Treasury’s Office of Foreign Assets Control (“OFAC”). As such, a license could be required to export or re-export our products to certain countries and end-users and for certain end-uses. For example, following Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, the United States and other countries imposed economic sanctions and severe export control restrictions against Russia and Belarus, and the United States and other countries could impose wider sanctions and export restrictions and take other actions should the conflict further escalate. Any exports or sales of our products into Russia and Belarus may be impacted by these restrictions. If we were to fail to comply with such U.S. export controls laws and regulations, U.S. economic sanctions, or other similar laws, we could be subject to both civil and criminal penalties, including substantial fines, possible incarceration for employees and managers for willful violations, and the possible loss of our export privileges. Obtaining the necessary export license for a particular sale may not be possible and may be time-consuming and may result in the delay or loss of sales opportunities. Further, U.S. export control laws and economic sanctions prohibit the export of products to certain U.S. embargoed or sanctioned countries, governments, and persons, as well as for prohibited end-uses. Any failure by us or our partners to comply with such laws and regulations could have negative consequences for us, including reputational harm, government investigations, and penalties.
In addition, our future results could be adversely affected by changes in interpretations of existing laws and regulations, or changes in laws and regulations, including, among others, changes in accounting standards, taxation requirements, competition laws, trade laws, import and export restrictions, privacy laws and environmental laws domestically and internationally. It is unknown whether and to what extent new tariffs (or other new laws or regulations) will be adopted, or the effect that any such actions would have on us or our industry and customers. Any unfavorable government policies on international trade, such as export and import controls, capital controls or tariffs, may affect the demand for our products and services, increase the cost of components, delay production, impact the competitive position of our products or prevent us from being able to sell products in certain countries. If any new export or import controls, tariffs, legislation and/or regulations are implemented or if existing trade agreements are renegotiated such changes could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations. In addition, proceedings to enforce, or the enforcement of, any laws, regulations and policies domestically or internationally, and the resulting response to such actions, may have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Our business activities may be subject to the United States Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA) and similar anti-bribery and anti-corruption laws and anti-money laundering laws, including laws of other countries in which we operate. Compliance with these legal requirements could limit our ability to compete in foreign markets and subject us to liability if it violates them.
We are subject to the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977, as amended (the “FCPA”) and other anti-bribery and anti-corruption laws and anti-money laundering laws in countries outside of the United States where we conduct our activities. Anti-corruption and anti-bribery laws have been enforced aggressively in recent years and are interpreted broadly to generally prohibit companies, their employees, agents, representatives, business partners, and third-party intermediaries from authorizing, offering, or providing, directly or indirectly, improper payments or benefits to recipients in the public or private sector.
We, our employees, agents, representatives, business partners and third-party intermediaries may have direct or indirect interactions with officials and employees of government agencies or state-owned or affiliated entities and may be held liable for the corrupt or other illegal activities of these employees, agents, representatives, business partners or third-party intermediaries even if we do not explicitly authorize such activities. We cannot assure you that all of our employees, agents, representatives, business partners or third-party intermediaries will not take actions in violation of applicable law for which we may be ultimately held responsible. As we increase our international sales and business, our risks under these laws may increase.
These laws also require that we keep accurate books and records and maintain internal controls and compliance procedures designed to prevent any such actions. While we have policies and procedures to address compliance with such laws, we cannot assure you that none of our employees, agents, representatives, business partners or third-party intermediaries will take actions in violation of our policies and applicable law, for which we may be ultimately held responsible.
Any allegations or violation of the FCPA or other applicable anti-bribery and anti-corruption laws and anti-money laundering laws could result in whistleblower complaints, sanctions, settlements, prosecution, enforcement actions, fines, damages, adverse media coverage, investigations, loss of export privileges, severe criminal or civil sanctions, or suspension or debarment from government contracts, all of which may have an adverse effect on our reputation, business, results of operations, and prospects. Responding to any investigation or action will likely result in a materially significant diversion of management’s attention and resources and significant defense costs and other professional fees.
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We are subject to evolving laws and regulations that could impose substantial costs, legal prohibitions or unfavorable changes upon our operations or products.
As we grow our manufacturing operations in additional regions, we are or will be subject to complex environmental, manufacturing, health and safety laws and regulations at numerous jurisdictional levels in the PRC, India and other locations abroad, including laws relating to the use, handling, storage, recycling, disposal and/or human exposure to hazardous materials, product material inputs and post-consumer products and with respect to constructing, expanding and maintaining our facilities. The costs of compliance, including remediations of any discovered issues and any changes to our operations mandated by new or amended laws, may be significant, and any failures to comply could result in significant expenses, delays or fines. We are also subject to laws and regulations applicable to the supply, manufacture, import, sale and service of PTWs both domestically and abroad.
Finally, as a manufacturer, installer and service provider with respect to the energy storage systems for the PTWs and the battery swapping stations, and a supplier of electricity generated and stored by certain of the energy storage systems we install for customers, we are impacted by federal, state and local regulations and policies concerning electricity pricing, the interconnection of electricity generation and storage equipment with the electrical grid and the sale of electricity generated by third party-owned systems. If regulations and policies that adversely impact the interconnection or use of our energy storage systems are introduced, they could deter potential customers from purchasing our products, threaten the economics of our existing contracts and cause us to cease PTW sales and the maintenance of battery swapping stations and operations in the relevant jurisdictions, which may harm our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Failure to comply with laws relating to employment could subject us to penalties and other adverse consequences.
We are subject to various employment-related laws in the jurisdictions in which our employees are based. We face risks if we fail to comply with applicable domestic wage laws, or wage laws applicable to our employees internationally. Any violation of applicable wage laws or other labor- or employment-related laws could result in complaints by current or former employees, adverse media coverage, investigations and damages or penalties which could have a materially adverse effect on our reputation, business, prospects, financial condition and results of operations. In addition, responding to any such proceeding may result in a significant diversion of management’s attention and resources, significant defense costs and other professional fees.
Our management has limited experience in operating a public company. We will incur significantly increased costs and devote substantial management time as a result of operating as a public company.
Our management has limited experience in the management of a publicly traded company. Our management team may not successfully or effectively manage our transition to a public company that is subject to significant regulatory oversight and reporting obligations under federal securities laws. The management team’s limited experience in dealing with the increasingly complex laws pertaining to public companies could result in an increasing amount of their time that may be devoted to these activities which could result in less time being devoted to the management of our business. We may not have adequate personnel with the appropriate level of knowledge, experience and training in the accounting policies, practices or internal control over financial reporting required of public companies in the United States.
As a public company, we will incur significant legal, accounting, and other expenses that we did not incur as a private company. Compliance with these requirements has increased legal and financial compliance costs and made some activities more time consuming and costly. We may need to hire additional accounting and financial staff with appropriate public company experience and technical accounting knowledge. We cannot predict or estimate the amount of additional costs we may incur in the future as a result of being a public company or the timing of such costs. As a result, management’s attention may be diverted from other business concerns, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
In addition, changing laws, regulations, and standards relating to corporate governance and public disclosure are creating uncertainty for public companies, increasing legal and financial compliance costs, and making some activities more time consuming. We will continue to invest resources to comply with evolving laws, regulations, and standards, and this investment may result in increased general and administrative expenses and a diversion of management’s time and attention from revenue-generating activities to compliance activities.
As a result of disclosure of information as a public company, our business and financial condition has become more visible, which may result in threatened or actual litigation, including by competitors and other third parties. If the claims are successful, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected, and even if the claims do not result in litigation or are resolved in our favor, these claims, and the time and resources necessary to resolve them, could divert the resources of management and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. These factors could also make it more difficult for us to attract and retain qualified colleagues, executive officers, and members of our board of directors.
Because we are incorporated under the laws of the Cayman Islands and our executive of offices are located in Taiwan, you may face difficulties in protecting your interests, and your ability to protect your rights through the U.S. Federal courts may be limited.
We are an exempted company incorporated under the laws of the Cayman Islands and our executive offices are located in Taiwan. As a result, it may be difficult for investors to effect service of process within the United States on us, our executive officers and directors, or enforce judgments obtained in the United States courts against us, or our executive officers and directors.
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Our corporate affairs are governed by our amended and restated memorandum and articles of association, the Cayman Companies Act and the common law of the Cayman Islands. The rights of shareholders to take action against the directors, actions by minority shareholders and the fiduciary responsibilities of our directors to the Company under Cayman Islands law are to a large extent governed by the common law of the Cayman Islands. The common law of the Cayman Islands is derived in part from comparatively limited judicial precedent in the Cayman Islands as well as from English common law, the decisions of whose courts are of persuasive authority, but are not binding on a court in the Cayman Islands. The rights of our shareholders and the fiduciary responsibilities of our directors under Cayman Islands law are not clearly established as they would be under from statutes or judicial precedent in some jurisdictions in the United States. In particular, the Cayman Islands has a different body of securities laws as compared to the United States. In addition, shareholders of Cayman Islands companies may not have standing to initiate a shareholders derivative action in a Federal court of the United States.
We have been advised by Walkers, our Cayman counsel, that the courts of the Cayman Islands are unlikely (i) to recognize or enforce against us judgments of courts of the United States predicated upon the civil liability provisions of the federal securities laws of the United States or any state; and (ii) in original actions brought in the Cayman Islands, to impose liabilities against us predicated upon the civil liability provisions of the federal securities laws of the United States or any state, so far as the liabilities imposed by those provisions are penal in nature. In those circumstances, although there is no statutory enforcement in the Cayman Islands of judgments obtained in the United States, the courts of the Cayman Islands will recognize and enforce a foreign money judgment of a foreign court of competent jurisdiction without retrial on the merits based on the principle that a judgment of a competent foreign court imposes upon the judgment debtor an obligation to pay the sum for which judgment has been given provided certain conditions are met. For a foreign judgment to be enforced in the Cayman Islands, such judgment must be final and conclusive and for a liquidated sum, and must not be in respect of taxes or a fine or penalty, inconsistent with a Cayman Islands judgment in respect of the same matter, impeachable on the grounds of fraud or obtained in a manner, or be of a kind the enforcement of which is, contrary to natural justice or the public policy of the Cayman Islands (awards of punitive or multiple damages may well be held to be contrary to public policy). A Cayman Islands court may stay enforcement proceedings if concurrent proceedings are being brought elsewhere.
As a result of all of the above, our shareholders may have more difficulty in protecting their interests in the face of actions taken by management, members of the board of directors or controlling shareholders than they would as public shareholders of a United States company.
We currently report our financial results under IFRS, which differs in certain significant respect from U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”).
We report our financial statements under IFRS. There have been and there may in the future be certain significant differences between IFRS and U.S. GAAP, including differences related to revenue recognition, intangible assets, share-based compensation expense, income tax and earnings per share. As a result, our financial information and reported earnings for historical or future periods could be significantly different if they were prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. In addition, we do not intend to provide a reconciliation between IFRS and U.S. GAAP unless it is required under applicable law. As a result, you may not be able to meaningfully compare our financial statements under IFRS with those companies that prepare financial statements under U.S. GAAP.
Risks Related to Doing Business in Taiwan
We face substantial economic and political risks associated with doing business in Taiwan, particularly due to the geopolitical tension between Taiwan and mainland China that could negatively affect our financial condition and results of operations and hence the value of your investment.
Currently, our major operation and market are located in Taiwan. In addition, our principal executive offices and substantially all of our assets are located in Taiwan, and substantially all of our revenues are derived from our operations in Taiwan. Accordingly, our business, financial condition and results of operations and the market price of our securities may be affected by changes in governmental policies, taxation, growth rate, inflation rate or interest rates and by social instability and diplomatic and social developments in or affecting Taiwan. In particular, the unique political status of Taiwan and its internal political movement cause sustained tension between mainland China and Taiwan. The PRC government asserts sovereignty over mainland China and Taiwan and does not recognize the legitimacy of the government of Taiwan. The PRC government has indicated that it may use military force to gain control over Taiwan if Taiwan declares independence or if Taiwan refuses to accept the PRC’s stated “One China” policy. In addition, on March 14, 2005, the National People’s Congress of the PRC passed what is widely referred to as the “antisecession” law, a law authorizing the PRC military to respond to efforts by Taiwan to seek formal independence. Past developments related to the interactions between mainland China and Taiwan, especially in relation to trade activities such as bans on exports of goods from time to time, have on occasions depressed the transactions and business operations of certain Taiwanese companies and overall economic environment. We cannot predict whether there will be escalation of the tensions between mainland China and Taiwan which would lead to new bans or tariffs on exports or even conflict. Any conflict which threatens the military, political or economic stability in Taiwan could have a material adverse effect on our current or future business and financial conditions and results of operations, as well as the market price and the liquidity of our securities. In addition, the complexities of the relationship between Taiwan and mainland China require companies involved in cross-strait business operations to carefully monitor their actions and manage their relationships with both Taiwan and the PRC governments. We cannot assure you that we will be able to successfully manage our relationships with Taiwan and the PRC governments for our cross-strait business operations, which could have an adverse effect on our ability to expand our business and conduct cross-strait business operations.
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Our business may be adversely affected by the changes of governmental policy and subsidy program in Taiwan electric scooters market.
Since 2009, Taiwan government has employed a range of different policy instruments to stimulate the development of green transportation, in particular the electric scooters industry, with the goal of banning fuel vehicles by stages in the future. A variety of subsidy programs have been implemented, including, without limitation, the Subsidy Program for Development of Electric Scooter promulgated by the Ministry of Economic Affairs, the Subsidy Program for the Elimination of Two-Cycle Engine Scooter and New Purchase of Electric Scooter by the Environmental Protection Administration, and other similar subsidy programs by the local authorities.
For example, under the Subsidy Program for Development of Electric Scooter promulgated by the Ministry of Economic Affairs, in 2022, the government provided a purchase subsidy in amount of up to NTD 7,000 for heavy and light electric scooters, up to NTD 5,100 for extra-light electric scooters, subject to adjustment from time to time. Some of our customers have chosen to purchase electric scooter rather than fuel scooter due to the purchase subsidy. With respect to the vendors in this industry, in 2012 and 2013, Taiwan government had provided incentives ranging from NTD 5 to 20 million to the defined manufacturer of electric scooters based on its sales quantity (noting that such incentives had been canceled thereafter).
We have benefited from the above governmental policy and subsidy programs, which is changing. With the growth of the electric scooters industry, subsidy programs have gradually reduced their subsidy amount, while some programs have been stepping down, like the Environmental Protection Administration canceled the purchase subsidy since 2020. Furthermore, under the 2017 Action Plan Air Pollution Prevention and Control by the Taiwan government, it was planned to ban the sale of fuel scooters in 2035; in 2022, the plan to phase out gas-powered scooters was changed to 2040. Such policy is subject to further potential changes.
As our major sales and revenue are currently generated from the Taiwan market, the above changes of governmental policy and subsidy programs may significant and adversely affect our business and results of operations. For a specific example, the reduction of purchase subsidy on electric scooters would lead to the higher purchase price (compared with the same selling price with original subsidy) and therefore may adversely affect the purchase intention of our customers and the sales of our products.
Our Taiwan subsidiaries bear product liabilities for damages caused by our products under Taiwan regulations on consumer protection. Other international markets will have similar risks.
Currently, most of our products are manufactured and sold in Taiwan. Pursuant to the Taiwan Consumer Protection Act, enterprises engaging in the design, manufacture of goods or provision of services shall ensure such goods or services, when entering into the market, comply with the contemporary technological or professional standards with reasonably expected safety requirements. In the event of any violation of the aforesaid regulation, the enterprises shall be liable for the damage caused to the consumers or third parties. Customer claims in connection with damage or injury sustained from accidents involving our products have been reported to our Taiwan subsidiaries from time to time. If our products fail to comply with the contemporary technological or professional standards with reasonably expected safety requirements applicable in Taiwan, our Taiwan subsidiaries will be liable for the damages caused by our products. If our Taiwan subsidiaries incur significant liabilities in connection with product liabilities, our business and results of operations may be adversely affected.
Each country’s regulatory regime is slightly different, but substantially similar consumer protection regulations exist in most countries that we plan to expand into. As such, the risk mentioned above is applicable to any markets that Gogoro might enter either directly or through partnerships in the future and could apply both to finished goods as well as components we sell to partners.
Our business involves the personal data of our customers, and is subject to the restrictions and requirements under Taiwan regulations on the personal data protection.
Our battery swap system is part of our business model, and involves collecting and processing the personal data of our customers using the battery swap system, including their riding information and usage habit. According to Taiwan Personal Data Protection Act, our Taiwan subsidiaries are required to conduct due notification procedures and obtain the customer’s consent to collect his/her personal data, and shall not use such personal data beyond the scope authorized by the customer or disclose it to third parties. In addition, the customer, as the data subject, is entitled to request our Taiwan subsidiaries, as the holders of personal data, to delete or provide a copy of his/her personal data. In the event of violation of restrictions or requirements under Taiwan Personal Data Protection Act, our Taiwan subsidiaries may be subject to a fine ranging from NTD 20,000 to 500,000 depending on the violating scenario and be liable for the damages caused to our customers.
Any lack of requisite approvals, licenses, permits or filings or failure to comply with any requirements of Taiwan laws, regulations and policies may materially and adversely affect our daily operations.
In accordance with the relevant Taiwan laws and regulations, our Taiwan subsidiaries are required to maintain various approvals, licenses, permits and filings to operate our business, including but not limited to business registration, factory registration, tax registration and those with respect to environment protection and fire safety inspection. The obtaining of these approvals, licenses, permits and filings are subject to satisfactory compliance with, among other things, the applicable laws and regulations. If our Taiwan subsidiaries are unable to obtain any of such licenses and permits or extend or renew any of our Taiwan subsidiaries’ current licenses or
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permits upon their expirations, or if our Taiwan subsidiaries are required to incur significant additional costs to obtain or renew these licenses, permits and approvals, our daily operations could be materially and adversely affected.
Our Taiwan subsidiaries are subject to restrictions on paying dividend or making other payments to us, which may restrict our ability to satisfy its liquidity requirements.
As an exempted company with limited liability incorporated under the laws of the Cayman Islands structured as a holding company, we may need dividends and other distributions on equity from our Taiwan subsidiaries to satisfy our liquidity requirements. Current Taiwan regulations permit our Taiwan subsidiaries to pay dividends to their respective shareholders only out of their accumulated profits, if any, which shall first make up previous losses and set aside at least 10% of its accumulated profits each year. These reserves are not distributable as cash dividends. Furthermore, if our Taiwan subsidiaries incur debt on their own behalf in the future, the instruments governing the debt may restrict their ability to pay dividends or make other payments to us. Any limitation on the ability of our Taiwan subsidiaries to distribute dividends or to make payments to us may restrict our ability to satisfy our liquidity requirements. In addition, the dividend payments by our Taiwan subsidiaries to us shall be subject to the withholding tax of 21% since January 1, 2018.
Our Taiwan subsidiaries are subject to foreign exchange control imposed by Taiwan authorities, which may affect the paying dividends, repatriating the interest or making other payments to us.
Currently Taiwan regulates only those foreign exchange transactions that involve the conversion of the New Taiwan Dollar into foreign currencies. Pursuant to the relevant provisions of Taiwan Foreign Exchange Control Act, foreign exchange transactions of a value of NTD 500,000 or more shall be declared to the Central Bank of Taiwan. Further, for a remittance by a company as follows, relevant testimonials shall be submitted and such remittance shall be subject to the approval of the Central Bank of Taiwan: (i) a single remittance of an amount over USD 1 million; or (ii) annual accumulated settlement amount of foreign exchange purchased or sold has exceeded USD 50 million. Nevertheless, Taiwan government may impose further foreign exchange restrictions in certain emergency situations, where Taiwan government experiences extreme difficulty in stabilizing the balance of payments or where there are substantial disturbances in the financial and capital markets in Taiwan. If the dividend payments or other payments by our Taiwan subsidiaries and branches to us involves the currency conversion from New Taiwan Dollar to US Dollar, such conversion would be subject to the foregoing foreign exchange control imposed by Taiwan authority.
Our Taiwan subsidiaries are subject to Taiwan regulations on investment or technical cooperation in the mainland China, which may affect their expansion to the mainland China market.
Our Taiwan subsidiaries are subject to Taiwan regulations on investment or technical cooperation in the mainland China. Pursuant to the Taiwan Permission Regulations for Investment or Technical Cooperation in the PRC and the Review Principles for Investments or Technical Cooperation in mainland China (“Permission Regulations”), an investment or technical cooperation made by a Taiwanese investor in mainland China is subject to the restrictions thereunder and requires the approval by the competent Taiwan authority, the Investment Commission, the Ministry of the Economic Affairs (“Taiwan Investment Commission”). The restrictions under the Permission Regulations include a negative list in which investment or technical cooperation is prohibited as well as the maximum investment amount. Currently, electric scooter or battery swap service is not on such negative list. However, we cannot preclude the possibility that the negative list will be amended to restrict Taiwanese investor’s engagement of electric scooter or battery swap service in mainland China. As to the maximum investment amount, the aggregate investment amount in mainland China by any of our Taiwan subsidiaries shall not exceed NTD 80 million or 60% of the higher of such subsidiary’s stand-along net worth or consolidated net worth, whichever is higher; provided, however, that if we are qualified as a multi-national company defined by the Taiwan Investment Commission, which requires a global revenue of USD 100 million in the year preceding the application with the Taiwan Investment Commission, having subsidiaries or branches in at least two countries which are controlled and managed by the parent company and engaging in cross-border operations, then there is no restriction on the amount of investment.
Taiwanese investors holding more than 10% of Gogoro Ordinary Shares will be subject to Taiwan regulations on investment or technical cooperation in mainland China for its investment or technical cooperation in mainland China.
Under the Permission Regulations, for an investment made by a Taiwanese individual or entity (“Taiwanese Investor”) in a “third region” company which conducts the investments or technical cooperation in mainland China defined therein and such Taiwanese Investor (i) acts as director, supervisor, manager or equivalent position or (ii) has a shareholding or capital contribution of 10% or more in such third region company, the investment in such a third region company would also be deemed a defined investment in mainland China and therefore be subject to the Permission Regulations.
Therefore, for our investment or technical cooperation in mainland China, our Taiwanese shareholders holding 10% or more of Gogoro Ordinary Shares will need to apply for the foreign investment approval with the competent Taiwan authority, the Taiwan Investment Commission in accordance with the Permission Regulations. There are restrictions on the investment or technical cooperation with mainland China, including, without limitation, the annual investment amount in mainland China shall be capped at USD 5 million per year for Taiwan individuals or NTD 80 million or 60% of the higher of its stand-along net worth or consolidated net worth for a Taiwan small-medium enterprise. The indirect investment in the PRC via the Company under the Permission Regulations will be calculated on the portion of a particular Taiwanese shareholder’s shareholdings in the Company. If the Taiwanese Investor fails to obtain applicable approvals from the Taiwan Investment Commission in respect of its investment in mainland China, an administrative fine ranging NTD 50 thousand to 25 million or imprisonment may be imposed.
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Risks Related to Ownership of the Gogoro Ordinary Shares
The price of the Gogoro Ordinary Shares may be volatile, and the value of the Gogoro Ordinary Shares may decline.
We cannot predict the prices at which the Gogoro Ordinary Shares will trade. The trading price of the Gogoro Ordinary Shares has been and may continue to be volatile and subject to fluctuations in response to various factors, some of which are beyond our control. These fluctuations could cause you to lose all or part of your investment in the Gogoro Ordinary Shares as you might be unable to sell your shares at or above the price you paid. Factors that could cause fluctuations in the trading price of the Gogoro Ordinary Shares include the following:
▪actual or anticipated fluctuations in our financial condition or results of operations;
▪variance in our financial performance from expectations of securities analysts;
▪changes in the pricing of our solutions;
▪changes in our projected operating and financial results;
▪changes in laws or regulations applicable to our platform;
▪announcements by us or our competitors of significant business developments, acquisitions, strategic partnerships or new offerings;
▪sales of the Gogoro Ordinary Shares by us or our shareholders;
▪significant data breaches, disruptions to or other incidents involving our platform;
▪our involvement in litigation;
▪conditions or developments affecting the ePTWs industries;
▪future sales of the Gogoro Ordinary Shares by us or our shareholders, as well as the anticipation of lock-up releases;
▪changes in senior management or key personnel;
▪the trading volume of the Gogoro Ordinary Shares;
▪changes in the anticipated future size and growth rate of our markets;
▪publication of research reports or news stories about us, our competitors or our industry, or positive or negative recommendations or withdrawal of research coverage by securities analysts;
▪general economic and market conditions; and
▪other events or factors, including those resulting from war including the conflict between Russia and Ukraine, incidents of terrorism, global pandemics or responses to these events.
Broad market and industry fluctuations, as well as general economic, political, regulatory and market conditions, may also negatively impact the market price of the Gogoro Ordinary Shares. In addition, technology stocks have historically experienced high levels of volatility. In the past, companies who have experienced volatility in the market price of their securities have been subject to securities class action litigation. we may be the target of this type of litigation in the future, which could result in substantial expenses and divert our management’s attention.
Sales of a substantial number of Gogoro Ordinary Shares and Public Warrants in the public market could cause the market price of Gogoro Ordinary Shares and Public Warrants to fall.
Sales of a substantial number of Gogoro Ordinary Shares or Public Warrants in the public market could occur at any time. If our shareholders sell, or the market perceives that our shareholders intend to sell, substantial amount of Gogoro Ordinary Shares or Public Warrants in the public market, the market price of Gogoro Ordinary Shares and Public Warrants could decline significantly. These sales, or the possibility that these sales may occur, also might make it more difficult for us to sell equity securities in the future at a time and at a price that we deem appropriate. We believe that the likelihood that Warrant holders will exercise their Warrants, and therefore the amount of cash proceeds that we would receive, is dependent upon the market price of the Gogoro Ordinary Shares. If the market price for Gogoro Ordinary Shares is less than the exercise price of the Warrants (on a per share basis), we believe Warrant holders will be unlikely to exercise the Warrants.
Subject to certain exceptions, the Sponsor and its affiliates and permitted transferees, and our directors, officers and certain shareholders are restricted from selling or transferring any of their respective Gogoro Ordinary Shares (not including the PIPE Shares). In the case of our directors, officers and certain shareholders who signed a lockup agreement, subject to certain exceptions, (a) for each shareholder who is not a member of management (as defined therein), such restrictions end (i) with respect to 50% of such shares, six months after the closing of the Business Combination and (ii) with respect to 50% of such shares, 12 months after the closing of the Business Combination, and (b) for each shareholder that is a member of management (as defined therein), such restrictions end 12 months after the closing of the Business Combination. In the case of the Sponsor and its affiliates and permitted transferees, (I) 6,393,750 Gogoro Ordinary Shares became unvested upon the closing of the Business Combination, subject to vesting conditions based on share price performance, and (II) 2,231,250 Gogoro Ordinary Shares were subject to a lockup period of six months after the closing of the Business Combination.
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However, following the expiration of the applicable lock-up periods, such equity holders will not be restricted from selling Gogoro Ordinary Shares held by them, other than by applicable securities laws. Additionally, the purchasers of the PIPE Shares will not be restricted from selling any of their Gogoro Ordinary Shares, other than by applicable securities laws. As such, sales of a substantial number of Gogoro Ordinary Shares in the public market could occur at any time. These sales, or the perception in the market that the holders of a large number of shares intend to sell shares, could reduce the market price of Gogoro Ordinary Shares. As restrictions on resale end and registration statements (to provide for the resale of such shares from time to time) are available for use, the sale or possibility of sale of these shares could have the effect of increasing the volatility in the market price of Gogoro Ordinary Shares, and the market price of Gogoro Ordinary Shares could decline if the holders of currently restricted shares sell them or are perceived by the market as intending to sell them.
We have filed a registration statement on Form S-8 to register Gogoro Ordinary Shares reserved for future issuance under our 2022 Equity Incentive Plan. Any such Form S-8 registration statements will automatically become effective upon filing. As a result, shares registered under this registration statement on Form S-8 will be available for sale in the public market subject to the satisfaction of applicable vesting arrangements and the exercise of such options and, in the case of our affiliates, the restrictions of Rule 144.
Moreover, the PIPE Investors holding an aggregate of 29,482,000 Gogoro Ordinary Shares and certain holders of an aggregate of up to 125,478,944 Gogoro Ordinary Shares (exclusive of any potential Earnout Shares issuable pursuant to the Merger Agreement) have rights, subject to conditions, to require us to file registration statements covering their shares or to include their shares in registration statements that we have filed for ourselves or other stockholders. Registration of these shares under the Securities Act makes these shares freely tradeable in the public market, subject to the restrictions of Rule 144 in the case of our affiliates. If any of these additional shares are sold, or if it is perceived that they will be sold, in the public market, the market price of Gogoro Ordinary Shares could decline.
An active trading market for our securities may not develop or be sustained, which would adversely affect the liquidity and price of our securities.
An active trading market for our securities may never develop or, if developed, may not be sustained. In addition, the price of our securities can vary due to general economic conditions and forecasts. Additionally, if our securities become delisted from the Nasdaq Global Select Market and are quoted on the OTC Bulletin Board (an inter-dealer automated quotation system for equity securities that is not a national securities exchange), the liquidity and price of our securities may be more limited than if we were quoted or listed on Nasdaq, NYSE or another national securities exchange. You may be unable to sell your securities unless a market can be established or sustained.
Provisions in our amended and restated memorandum and articles of association could discourage, delay or prevent a change of control of the Company and may affect the trading price of the Gogoro Ordinary Shares.
Some provisions of our amended and restated memorandum and articles of association may discourage, delay or prevent a change in control of the Company or management that shareholders may consider favorable. These provisions, which are summarized below, are expected to discourage coercive takeover practices and inadequate takeover bids. These provisions are also designed to encourage persons seeking to acquire control of the Company to first negotiate with our board of directors. However, these provisions could also have the effect of discouraging others from attempting hostile takeovers and, as a consequence, they may also inhibit temporary fluctuations in the market price of the Gogoro Ordinary Shares that often result from actual or rumored hostile takeover attempts. These provisions may also have the effect of preventing changes in our management. It is possible that these provisions could make it more difficult to accomplish transactions that shareholders may otherwise deem to be in their best interests.
▪Our amended and restated memorandum and articles of association only permit our shareholders together holding at least 25% of our paid-up voting share capital to requisition a general meeting.
▪Our amended and restated memorandum and articles of association require the affirmative vote of the holders of at least 66 2/3% in voting power of all the then outstanding ordinary shares as being entitled to do so to pass any special resolution, which special resolution is required to, among others, amend the memorandum and articles of association or approve a merger.
▪Under our amended and restated memorandum and articles of association, our board of directors may comprise up to seven directors (or such greater number as may be approved by special resolution upon an amendment and/or restatement of our amended and restated memorandum and articles of association). The directors shall be appointed and removed by special resolution of the shareholders.
In addition, these provisions may make it difficult and expensive for a third party to pursue a tender offer, change in control or takeover attempt that is opposed by our management or our board of directors. Shareholders who might desire to participate in these types of transactions may not have an opportunity to do so, even if the transaction is favorable to shareholders. These anti-takeover provisions could substantially impede the ability of shareholders to benefit from a change in control or change our management and our board of directors and, as a result, may adversely affect the market price of the Gogoro Ordinary Shares and your ability to realize any potential change of control premium. See “Item 10. Additional Information—B. Memorandum and Articles of Association.”
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The amended and restated memorandum and articles of association provide that the courts of the Cayman Islands are the exclusive forums for certain disputes between the Company and its shareholders, which could limit our shareholders’ ability to obtain a favorable judicial forum for complaints against the Company or its directors, officers or employees.
Our amended and restated memorandum and articles of association provide that unless we consent in writing to the selection of an alternative forum: (i) to the fullest extent permitted by relevant law, the federal district courts of the United States shall be the exclusive forum for the resolution of any complaint asserting a cause of action arising under the Securities Act, regardless of whether such legal suit, action, or proceeding also involves parties other than us; and (ii) the courts of the Cayman Islands shall have exclusive jurisdiction to hear, settle and/or determine any dispute, controversy or claim (including any non-contractual dispute, controversy or claim) whether arising out of or in connection with our amended and restated memorandum and articles of association or otherwise, including any questions regarding their existence, validity, formation or termination. For the avoidance of doubt and without limiting the jurisdiction of the courts of the Cayman Islands to hear, settle and/or determine disputes related to us, the courts of the Cayman Islands shall be the sole and exclusive forum for: (i) any derivative action or proceeding brought on behalf of us, (ii) any action asserting a claim of breach of a fiduciary duty owed by any director, officer or other employee of us or our shareholders, (iii) any action or petition asserting a claim arising pursuant to any provision of the Companies Act (as amended) of the Cayman Island or our amended and restated memorandum and articles of association including but not limited to any purchase or acquisition of our shares, securities or guarantee provided in consideration thereof, or (iv) any action asserting a claim against us concerning our internal affairs. The foregoing provisions of sub-paragraph (ii) above shall not apply to claims or causes of action brought to enforce a duty or liability created by the Securities Act or the Exchange Act or any other claim based on securities laws for which claim the federal district courts of the United States have exclusive jurisdiction.
This choice-of-forum provision may increase a shareholder’s cost and limit the shareholder’s ability to bring a claim in a judicial forum that it finds favorable for disputes with us or our directors, officers or other employees, which may discourage lawsuits against us and our directors, officers and other employees. Any person or entity purchasing or otherwise acquiring any of our shares or other securities, whether by transfer, sale, operation of law or otherwise, shall be deemed to have notice of and have irrevocably agreed and consented to these provisions. There is uncertainty as to whether a court would enforce such provisions, and the enforceability of similar choice of forum provisions in other companies’ charter documents has been challenged in legal proceedings. It is possible that a court could find this type of provisions to be inapplicable or unenforceable, and if a court were to find this provision in our amended and restated memorandum and articles of association to be inapplicable or unenforceable in an action, we may incur additional costs associated with resolving the dispute in other jurisdictions, which could have adverse effect on our business and financial performance.
The warrant agreement relating to our warrants provides that any action, proceeding or claim against the Company arising out of or relating in any way to such agreement will be brought and enforced in the courts of the State of New York or the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York, and that the Company irrevocably submits to such jurisdiction, which will be the exclusive forum for any such action, proceeding or claim. This exclusive forum provision could limit the ability of holders of our warrants to obtain what they believe to be a favorable judicial forum for disputes related to such agreement.
The Warrant Agreement, dated January 5, 2021, as amended by the Assignment and Assumption Agreement dated April 4, 2022 (together, the “Warrant Agreement”), provides that any action, proceeding or claim against the Company arising out of or relating in any way to such agreement, except for claims for which the federal courts have exclusive jurisdiction, such as suits brought to enforce any duty or liability created by the Exchange Act or the rules and regulations thereunder, will be brought and enforced in the courts of the State of New York or the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York, which will be the exclusive forum for any such action, proceeding or claim.
The exclusive forum provision in the Warrant Agreement may limit the ability of holders of our warrants to bring a claim in a judicial forum that it finds favorable for disputes related to the Warrant Agreement, which may discourage such lawsuits against Gogoro and our directors or officers. Alternatively, if a court were to find this exclusive forum provision inapplicable to, or unenforceable in respect of, one or more of the specified types of actions or proceedings, we may incur additional costs associated with resolving such matters in other jurisdictions, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations and result in a diversion of the time and resources of our management and board of directors.
If we do not meet the expectations of equity research analysts, if they do not publish research or reports about our business or if they issue unfavorable commentary or downgrade the Gogoro Ordinary Shares, the price of the Gogoro Ordinary Shares could decline.
The trading market for the Gogoro Ordinary Shares will rely in part on the research and reports that equity research analysts publish about the Company and our business. The analysts’ estimates are based upon their own opinions and are often different from our estimates or expectations. If our results of operations are below the estimates or expectations of public market analysts and investors, the price of the Gogoro Ordinary Shares could decline. Moreover, the price of the Gogoro Ordinary Shares could decline if one or more securities analysts downgrade the Gogoro Ordinary Shares or if those analysts issue other unfavorable commentary or cease publishing reports about the Company or our business.
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Our issuance of additional share capital in connection with financings, acquisitions, investments, our equity incentive plans or otherwise will dilute all other shareholders.
We expect to issue additional share capital in the future that will result in dilution to all other shareholders. We expect to grant equity awards to employees and directors under our equity incentive plans. We may also raise capital through equity financings in the future. As part of our business strategy, we may acquire, make investments in or engage in strategic partnerships with companies, solutions or technologies and issue equity securities to pay for any such acquisition, investment or partnership. Any such issuances of additional share capital may cause shareholders to experience significant dilution of their ownership interests and the per share value of the Gogoro Ordinary Shares to decline.
We do not intend to pay dividends for the foreseeable future and, as a result, your ability to achieve a return on your investment will depend on appreciation in the price of the Gogoro Ordinary Shares.
We do not intend to pay any cash dividends in the foreseeable future, and any determination to pay dividends in the future will be at the discretion of our board of directors. Accordingly, you may need to rely on sales of the Gogoro Ordinary Shares after price appreciation, which may never occur, as the only way to realize any future gains on your investment.
We are an emerging growth company and may take advantage of certain reduced reporting requirements.
We are an “emerging growth company,” as defined in the JOBS Act, and we may take advantage of certain exemptions from various requirements applicable to other public companies that are not emerging growth companies including, most significantly, not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404 of Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 for so long as we are an emerging growth company. As a result, if we elect not to comply with such auditor attestation requirements, our investors may not have access to certain information they may deem important. However, the extended transition period under the JOBS Act for complying with new or revised accounting standards is not applicable to the Company since it reports under International Financial Reporting Standards, or IFRS, as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board.
We are a foreign private issuer within the meaning of the rules under the Exchange Act, and as such we are exempt from certain provisions applicable to U.S. domestic public companies.
Because we qualify as a foreign private issuer under the Exchange Act, we are exempt from certain provisions of the securities rules and regulations in the United States that are applicable to U.S. domestic issuers, including:
▪the rules under the Exchange Act requiring the filing with the SEC of quarterly reports on Form 10-Q or current reports on Form 8-K;
▪the sections of the Exchange Act regulating the solicitation of proxies, consents, or authorizations in respect of a security registered under the Exchange Act;
▪the sections of the Exchange Act requiring insiders to file public reports of their stock ownership and trading activities and liability for insiders who profit from trades made in a short period of time; and
▪the selective disclosure rules by issuers of material nonpublic information under Regulation FD.
We are required to file an annual report on Form 20-F within four months of the end of each fiscal year. In addition, we intend to publish our results on a quarterly basis as press releases, distributed pursuant to the rules and regulations of Nasdaq. Press releases relating to financial results and material events will also be furnished to the SEC on Form 6-K. However, the information we will be required to file with or furnish to the SEC will be less extensive and less timely compared to that required to be filed with the SEC by U.S. domestic issuers. As a result, you may not be afforded the same protections or information that would be made available to you were you investing in a U.S. domestic issuer.
We may lose our foreign private issuer status in the future, which could result in significant additional costs and expenses.
As discussed above, we are a foreign private issuer, and therefore, we are not required to comply with all of the periodic disclosure and current reporting requirements of the Exchange Act. The determination of foreign private issuer status is made annually on the last business day of an issuer’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter, and, accordingly, the next determination will be made with respect to Gogoro on June 30, 2023. In the future, we would lose our foreign private issuer status if (1) more than 50% of our outstanding voting securities are owned by U.S. residents and (2) a majority of our directors or executive officers are U.S. citizens or residents, or we fail to meet additional requirements necessary to avoid loss of foreign private issuer status. If we lose our foreign private issuer status, we will be required to file with the SEC periodic reports and registration statements on U.S. domestic issuer forms, which are more detailed and extensive than the forms available to a foreign private issuer. We will also have to mandatorily comply with U.S. federal proxy requirements, and our officers, directors and principal shareholders will become subject to the short-swing profit disclosure and recovery provisions of Section 16 of the Exchange Act. In addition, we will lose our ability to rely upon exemptions from certain corporate governance requirements under the listing rules of Nasdaq. As a U.S. listed public company that is not a foreign private issuer, we will incur significant additional legal, accounting and other expenses that we will not incur as a foreign private issuer.
As an exempted company incorporated in the Cayman Islands, we are permitted to adopt certain home country practices in relation to corporate governance matters that differ significantly from Nasdaq’s corporate governance requirements; these practices may afford
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less protection to shareholders. If we opt to rely on such exemptions in the future, such decision might afford less protection to holders of our ordinary shares. As a Cayman Islands exempted company that is listed on the Nasdaq Global Select Market, we are subject to the Nasdaq listing standards. Section 5605(b)(1), Section 5605(c)(2) and Section 5635(c) of the Nasdaq Listing Rules require listed companies to have, among other things, a majority of our board members to be independent, an audit committee of at least three members and shareholders’ approval on adoption of equity incentive awards plans. However, the Nasdaq rules permit a foreign private issuer like Gogoro to follow the corporate governance practices of its home country. The corporate governance practice in our home country, the Cayman Islands, does not require a majority of our board of directors to consist of independent directors or the implementation of a nominating and corporate governance committee. Since a majority of our board of directors would not consist of independent directors if we relied on the foreign private issuer exemption, fewer board members would be exercising independent judgment and the level of board oversight on our management might decrease as a result. In addition, we could opt to follow Cayman Islands law instead of the Nasdaq requirements that mandate that we obtain shareholder approval for certain dilutive events, such as an issuance that will result in a change of control, certain transactions other than a public offering involving issuances of 20% or greater interests in the company and certain acquisitions of the shares or assets of another company. While we have not followed home country practice in lieu of the above requirements, we could decide in the future to follow home country practice and our board of directors could make such a decision to depart from such requirements by ordinary resolution.
We are obligated to develop and maintain proper and effective internal controls over financial reporting, and any failure to maintain the adequacy of these internal controls may adversely affect investor confidence in the Company and, as a result, the value of the Gogoro Ordinary Shares.
Commencing with our fiscal year ended December 31, 2022, we are required, pursuant to Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, to furnish a report by management on, among other things, the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting in our annual report on Form 20-F. As of December 31, 2022, our management has concluded that our internal control over financial reporting is effective. See “Item 15. Controls and Procedures — Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting.” In addition, our independent registered public accounting firm will be required to attest to the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting in our first annual report required to be filed with the SEC following the date we are no longer an “emerging growth company.”
Our internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect all errors and all fraud. A control system, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the control system’s objectives will be met. Our current controls and any new controls that we develop may become inadequate because of changes in conditions in our business. Because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that misstatements due to error or fraud will not occur or that all control issues and instances of fraud will be detected. In addition, changes in accounting principles or interpretations could also challenge our internal controls and require that we establish new business processes, systems and controls to accommodate such changes. Additionally, if these new systems, controls or standards and associated process changes do not give rise to the benefits that we expect or do not operate as intended, it could materially and adversely affect our financial reporting systems and processes, our ability to produce timely and accurate financial reports or the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting. If that were to happen, the market price of the Gogoro Ordinary Shares could decline and we could be subject to sanctions or investigations by the Nasdaq, SEC or other regulatory authorities. Moreover, our business may be harmed if we experience problems with any new systems and controls that result in delays in their implementation or increased costs to correct any post- implementation issues that may arise.
As a result of our plans to expand operations, including to jurisdictions in which the tax laws may not be favorable, our tax rate may fluctuate, our tax obligations may become significantly more complex and subject to greater risk of examination by taxing authorities or we may be subject to future changes in tax law, the impacts of which could adversely affect our after-tax profitability and financial results.
Because we do not have a long history of operating at our present scale and have significant expansion plans, our effective tax rate may fluctuate in the future. Future effective tax rates could be affected by our operating results before taxes, changes in the composition of operating income and earnings in countries or jurisdictions with differing tax rates, including as we expand into additional jurisdictions, changes in deferred tax assets and liabilities, changes in accounting and tax standards or practices, changes in tax laws, changes in the tax treatment of share-based compensation, and our ability to structure our operations in an efficient and competitive manner.
Due to the complexity of multinational tax obligations and filings, we may have a heightened risk related to audits, examinations or administrative appeals by taxing authorities. Outcomes from current and future tax audits, examinations or administrative appeals could have an adverse effect on our after-tax profitability and financial condition. Additionally, several tax authorities have increasingly focused attention on intercompany transfer pricing with respect to sales of products and services and the use of intangibles. Tax authorities could disagree with our intercompany charges, cross-jurisdictional transfer pricing or other matters and assess additional taxes. If we do not prevail in any such disagreements, our profitability may be affected.
Our after-tax profitability and financial results may also be adversely impacted by changes in the relevant tax laws and tax rates, treaties, regulations, administrative practices and principles, judicial decisions and interpretations thereof, in each case, possibly with retroactive effect. For example, the Multilateral Convention to Implement Tax Treaty Related Measures to Prevent BEPS recently entered into force among the jurisdictions that have ratified it. Additionally, many countries and organizations, such as the Organization
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for Economic Cooperation and Development, are also actively considering changes to existing tax laws or have proposed or enacted new laws that could increase our tax obligations in countries where we do business or cause us to change the way we operate our business. These recent changes and proposals could negatively impact our taxation, especially as we expand our relationships and operations internationally.
If a U.S. Holder is treated as owning at least 10% by vote or value of our shares, such holder may be subject to adverse U.S. federal income tax consequences.
If a United States person (as defined in Section 7701(a)(30) of the U.S. Internal Revenue Code) is treated as owning (directly, indirectly, or constructively) at least 10% of the total combined voting power of all classes of our shares entitled to vote or at least 10% of the total value of shares of all classes of our shares, such person may be treated as a “United States shareholder” with respect to each “controlled foreign corporation” (“CFCs”) in our group (if any), which may subject such person to adverse U.S. federal income tax consequences. Specifically, a United States shareholder of a CFC may be required to annually report and include in its U.S. taxable income its pro rata share of such CFC’s “Subpart F income,” “global intangible low-taxed income” and investments in U.S. property, whether or not Gogoro makes any distributions of profits or income of such CFC to such United States shareholder. If a U.S. Holder is treated as a United States shareholder of a CFC, failure to comply with applicable reporting obligations may subject such holder to significant monetary penalties and may extend the statute of limitations with respect to such holder’s U.S. federal income tax return for the year for which reporting was due. Additionally a United States shareholder of a CFC that is an individual would generally be denied certain tax deductions or foreign tax credits in respect of its income that may otherwise be allowable to a United States shareholder that is a U.S. corporation.
We cannot provide any assurances that we will assist holders of our shares in determining whether Gogoro or any of our non-U.S. subsidiaries are treated as CFCs or whether any holder of the Gogoro Ordinary Shares is treated as a United States shareholder with respect to any such CFC, nor do we expect to furnish to any United States shareholders information that may be necessary to comply with the aforementioned reporting and tax paying obligations. The U.S. Internal Revenue Service has provided limited guidance regarding the circumstances in which investors may rely on publicly available information to comply with their reporting and taxpaying obligations with respect to CFCs. Each U.S. investor should consult its advisors regarding the potential application of these rules to an investment in the Gogoro Ordinary Shares.
We may become a passive foreign investment company for U.S. federal income tax purposes, which could result in adverse U.S. federal income tax consequences to U.S. Holders of Gogoro Ordinary Shares.
Based on the fiscal year 2022 composition of our income, assets and operations and that of our subsidiaries, we do not expect to be a PFIC in the 2023 taxable year or in future taxable years, although there can be no assurance in this regard. The determination of whether or not we are a PFIC is made on an annual basis and will depend on the composition of us and our subsidiaries’ income and assets, and the market value of us and our subsidiaries’ assets, from time to time. Specifically, for any taxable year a non-U.S. corporation will be classified as a PFIC for U.S. federal income tax purposes if either: (1) 75% or more of our gross income in that taxable year is passive income, or (2) 50% or more of the value of our assets (generally based on an average of the quarterly values of the assets) during such year is attributable to assets that produce or are held for the production of passive income. The calculation of the value of us and our subsidiaries’ assets will be based, in part, on the quarterly market value of Gogoro Ordinary Shares, which is subject to change.
Because there are uncertainties in the application of the relevant rules and PFIC status is a factual determination made annually after the close of each taxable year, there can be no assurance that we will not be a PFIC for the 2023 taxable year or any future taxable year. If we were classified as a PFIC for any year during which a U.S. Holder held Gogoro Ordinary Shares, we generally would continue to be treated as a PFIC for all succeeding years during which such holder held Gogoro Ordinary Shares.
If we were to become a PFIC, such characterization could result in adverse U.S. federal income tax consequences to U.S. Holders of Gogoro Ordinary Shares. For example, if we are a PFIC, U.S. Holders of Gogoro Ordinary Shares may become subject to increased tax liabilities under U.S. federal income tax laws and regulations and will become subject to burdensome reporting requirements. We cannot assure any investor that we will not be a PFIC for the 2023 taxable year or any future taxable year. U.S. investors should consult their own tax advisors about the circumstances that may cause us to be classified as a PFIC and the consequences if we are classified as a PFIC.
General Risk Factors
Our operations could be adversely affected by events outside of our control, such as natural disasters, including floods, earthquakes or hurricanes, wars, health epidemics or incidents such as loss of power supply. Additionally, rapidly changing and unpredictable foreign policy and regulatory environments could adversely affect our operations.
The occurrence of a natural disaster such as an earthquake, hurricane, drought, flood, fire, localized extended outages of critical utilities or transportation systems, or any critical resource shortages could cause a significant interruption in our business, damage or destroy our facilities or inventory, and cause us to incur significant costs, any of which could harm our business, financial condition, and results of operations. The insurance we maintain against fires, earthquakes, hurricanes and other disasters and damage may not be adequate to cover losses in any particular case.
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In addition, loss of power supply can affect throughput and/or user acceptance of ePTWs, as charged batteries at the swapping stations may be unavailable at the desired times, or at all during these events. If these events persist, the demand for ePTWs could decline.
Further, severe natural disasters could affect our data centers in a temporal or longer-term fashion which would adversely affect our ability to operate our network.
Governments are unpredictable and policy changes with respect to electrification, subsidies, or other matters could dramatically and immediately impact our operations.
ITEM 4. INFORMATION ON THE COMPANY
A. History and Development of the Company
Gogoro is an innovation company with a mission to accelerate the shift to sustainable urban life by eliminating the barriers to electric fuel adoption to bring smart and portable electric power within reach of every urban rider in the world. “Gogoro Inc.” was incorporated as a Cayman Islands exempted company on April 27, 2011.
Our principal place of business is located at 11F, Building C, No.225, Sec. 2, Chang'an E. Rd., Songshan Dist., Taipei City, Taiwan 105. Our telephone number at this address is +886 3 273 0900. Our registered office in the Cayman Islands is located at the offices of Walkers Corporate Limited, 190 Elgin Avenue, George Town, Grand Cayman KY1-9008, Cayman Islands. Our agent for service of process in the United States is Cogency Global Inc., located 122 East 42nd Street, 18th Floor, New York, NY 10168. We maintain our website at http://www.gogoro.com. The information contained on, or linked from, our website is not a part of this annual report.
The SEC maintains a website at http://www.sec.gov that contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC using its EDGAR system.
See “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects—B. Liquidity and Capital Resources—Cash Flows Summary” for a discussion of our capital expenditures.
B. Business Overview
Mission
Our mission is to accelerate the shift to sustainable urban life by eliminating the barriers to electric vehicle adoption to bring smart, portable electric power within reach of every urban rider in the world.
About Gogoro
We are an innovation-driven company, delivering mass-market access to smart, swappable electric fuel and intelligent light urban vehicles that address the needs of many of the over half a billion two-wheel riders in our target markets. We offer a globally recognized technology platform for battery swapping networks and a comprehensive ecosystem of enabling technologies for the vehicles that operate on them. We developed a smart Swap & Go battery system that delivers full power to electric-powered two-wheelers (“ePTWs”) in seconds. We have utilized this system to build a larger scale battery swapping network in our pilot market of Taiwan. Our comprehensive solution is built on an integrated technology platform that spans:
▪Smart Batteries specifically designed for swapping and Connected Battery Swapping Stations;
▪Cloud-based network software and battery management systems;
▪Design, engineering, and manufacturing of Smartscooter ePTWs;
▪Advanced ePTW powertrains, smart components, OEM developer kits; and
▪AI-Driven operating system and consumer app with network connectivity.
As of December 31, 2022, we enable end consumers on our network to refuel their ePTWs in seconds at over 2,385 battery swapping locations. Our network has delivered over 380 million battery swaps and manages approximately over 380,000 swaps a day. Our systems have been refined and proven with over 6.8 billion kilometers ridden by over 526,000 subscribers. Approximately a total of 79 thousand, 88 thousand, and 89 thousand Gogoro and partner branded vehicles were registered in 2022, 2021, and 2020, respectively.
Our Swap & Go battery swapping solutions are especially suited to densely populated and highly congested urban centers where space and time are at a premium. Our initial focus is on developing Gogoro Network™ in major population centers in Asia with the highest concentrations of PTW riders. Our swapping stations have a small footprint and are easy to deploy making them ideal for integrating into high-traffic urban areas where riders need them most. In the same space it takes to charge a 4-Wheel (“4W”) electric vehicle, a standard Gogoro battery swapping station can deliver full power in seconds and service hundreds of ePTW vehicle riders per day. Our Gogoro Network™ battery swapping service for ongoing access to battery swapping at a set monthly or per-swap fee based on the energy consumed. Our business model has demonstrated near 100% attach rates for Gogoro Network™ subscription revenue for
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every annual cohort of ePTWs sold since inception in our pilot market of Taiwan. We believe the stickiness of Swap & Go subscription revenue accumulated over the life of every battery in the system represents a compelling differentiation of our business model.
Our battery swapping networks address four critical needs of consumers that have previously been barriers to the widespread adoption of ePTWs.
First, we eliminate range anxiety by enabling riders to quickly swap batteries within battery swapping networks distributed conveniently throughout urban areas.
Second, we save riders time by allowing them to refuel in seconds as opposed to the hours it takes for traditional charging.
Third, we place a high priority on consumer safety with our patented Smart Batteries that are designed and engineered to meet high safety standards.
Finally, we make riding electric affordable. Gogoro Smartscooters, as well as ePTWs sold by our original equipment manufacturer (“OEM”) partners, are at approximate price parity with traditional ICE PTWs at the time of purchase while providing a lower total cost of ownership throughout the life of the vehicle. Gogoro generates two, inter-linked revenue streams: (i) Hardware sales — both Gogoro branded Smartscooters and enabling hardware, which includes sales of vehicle kits to partners who sell their own branded vehicles that are “Powered by the Gogoro Network™ ” (“PBGN”), and, in the future sales of Battery Packs and GoStation® to our JV partnerships that will operate battery swapping networks and (ii) battery subscription recurring revenues from Swap & Go customer subscriptions to the battery swapping network.
Regardless of whether the vehicle is Gogoro or partner OEM branded, end-customers must subscribe to the Gogoro Network™ battery swapping service for ongoing access to battery swapping at a set monthly fee based on the energy consumed. Our business model has demonstrated near 100% attach rates for Gogoro Network™ subscription revenue for every annual cohort of ePTWs sold since inception in our pilot market of Taiwan. We believe our subscription revenue model gives a long and predictable revenue stream through our PBGN scooters’ life cycle and other portable energy storage applications. Our battery swapping subscription model also secures monthly recurring revenues from all the PBGN riders by making all the portable energy hardware users inseparable from our energy swapping network services.
Our battery swapping technology compromises an interoperable platform that seamlessly integrates a comprehensive ecosystem of hardware, software, and services, which consists of Gogoro Smart Batteries, GoStation®, Gogoro Network™ Software & Battery Management Systems, Smartscooter, GoReward℠, and related components and kits.
During the past decade in Taiwan, we have built our own battery swapping network to establish the Gogoro battery swapping ecosystem and catalyze the marketplace. In just over six years, the ePTWs have grown to 11.9% of all PTWs since we launched our first ePTW in 2015, where virtually 100% of all PTWs in Taiwan were ICE PTWs at that time. During 2022, approximately 89.8% of electric two-wheeler sales have been delivered from Gogoro and our PBGN OEM partners. As we continue to expand and add additional OEM partners beyond Taiwan, we will rely significantly on our strong and strategic OEM partnership with their global footprint, manufacturing agility, supply chain, and logistics capabilities, which will allow us to support our regional partners with greater speed and cost efficiency while further extending our brand’s reach. We believe that our proven battery swapping platform, enabling technologies and strong OEM partnerships will drive rapid and sustained growth opportunities into global markets in the future.
Since Gogoro’s inception in 2011, we have been engaged in developing and marketing our ePTW, battery swapping network, subscriptions, and other offerings, raising capital, and recruiting personnel. We have incurred net operating losses and net cash outflows from operations in every year since our inception. As of December 31, 2022, we had an accumulated deficit of $349.9 million. We have funded our operations primarily with proceeds from revenues generated from the sales of electric scooters and battery-swapping services, borrowings under our loan facilities, and offering shares through the private placement and to the capital market in the U.S.
Establishing Our Business Model
Taiwan has been a logical location for piloting our battery swapping platform. The Gogoro Network started with just 30 swapping stations in Taipei, but we rapidly expanded the network to new cities, connecting regions and reaching greater density. We now have over 2,385 GoStation® locations that provide battery swapping coverage accessible within minutes to of all riders in Taiwan. For the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, revenues in Taiwan accounted for 94.2%, 96.8% and 99.2%, respectively, of total revenues.
The capital expenditures for this network build-out were principally comprised of Smart Batteries and GoStation® on our network. Because we own our battery swapping network in Taiwan, 100% of all recurring Swap & Go subscription revenue is paid by end customers to Gogoro. This is the case whether the customer rides a Gogoro-branded ePTW or partner OEM-branded ePTW.
As we continue to expand and add additional OEM partners, we plan to rely significantly on our strong, strategic partnership with Hon Hai Technology (Foxconn) for global hardware manufacturing. Their global footprint, manufacturing agility, supply chain, and logistics capabilities will allow us to support our regional partners with greater speed and cost efficiency while further extending our brand’s reach.
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Marketing Channels
Gogoro employs marketing and retail channels for selling products. Marketing efforts focus on both print media and TV advertisements which are used to drive both awareness of our products as well as specific promotions. Additionally, we maintain an active presence on social media, including on Facebook, Line, Instagram, to quickly reach our target audience. Other than specific pricing discounts or other specific at the point of sales promotions. we do not engage in any other sales initiatives. While customers may take advantage of bank loans, deferred credit card interest payment schedules, or other incentives, these are offered by third-party service providers and not by Gogoro directly.
Competitive Strengths
▪Large and Growing Market Opportunities. We are beginning to enter large PTW markets in the world backed by strong regulatory tailwinds in mobility electrification. The international markets we are targeting, in addition to the Taiwan market, represent a total available market of over 500 million units (installed) and annual sales of more than 50 million units of two-wheelers. In some of these markets (India, Indonesia and Vietnam), PTW penetration rates are approximately 85-90% of all registered vehicles, making these attractive markets for expansion.
▪Differentiated Technology and Best-in-Class User Experience. By developing every core aspect of our battery swapping technology end-to-end, we have integrated a world-class technology solution backed by our exclusive intellectual property and critical patents. Our technology includes the world’s first automotive-grade swappable battery engineered to (i) deliver high energy density, (ii) be connected and upgradeable over the air, (iii) be tough, secure, and waterproof, (iv) maximize battery efficiency, and (v), most importantly, meet the highest safety standards in the world. Through over 526,000 subscribers on the network and over 380 million battery swaps through December 31, 2022, our AI-enabled network and systems were refined and honed to provide ePTW riders on the Gogoro Network™ . Our battery swapping solution supports a highly synchronized and secure ecosystem that is open to partner integration, but difficult to replicate or disintermediate.
▪Proven in our First Market: Taiwan. We scaled our product offering to drive ePTW adoption to 11.9% of total PTWs as of December 31, 2022, from almost no ePTW penetration in 2014. Of Taiwan’s ePTW market, we and our partner OEMs captured 89.8% of the market share as of December 31, 2022. With over 2,385 battery swapping locations, our Swap & Go service has become interwoven into the lives of over 526,000 subscribers in Taiwan. We believe the rapid adoption of battery swapping on the Gogoro Network™ in Taiwan demonstrates the pace at which our business model scales and the fundamental attractiveness of battery swapping as a fast, convenient, and safe means of refueling ePTWs.
▪Readiness to Scale with Attractive Recurring Revenue Model. The Swap & Go subscription component of our business is highly recurring and predictable with near 100% attach rates of every annual cohort of subscribers to the Gogoro Network™ since inception. We estimate that in the Taiwan market, for every $1 of enabling hardware purchased, we will be able to generate approximately another $1 of Swap & Go subscription revenue over the expected ten-year life of a vehicle. As we scale, we create a base of Gogoro hardware-enabled ePTWs branded by our OEM partners, or with our own brand. We believe this revenue model represents highly attractive, predictable and recurring revenue growth through accumulating subscribers.
▪Management Team Experience. We have assembled a seasoned management team with deep experience in technology, consumer brands, and the automotive sector in Asia and globally. The management team is led by Horace Luke who helped engineer some of Microsoft’s most important franchises for over 10 years before transforming HTC into a global smartphone leader as chief innovation officer. The management team is rounded out by executives with significant industry experience from companies such as Intel, Amazon, Nike, MediaTek, Ford, Toyota and IKEA, among others. Our board of directors includes seasoned executives and recognized industry leaders in their respective fields.
Gogoro Ecosystem
Our battery swapping technology comprises an interoperable platform that seamlessly integrates a comprehensive ecosystem of hardware, software, and services. From Smart Batteries, swapping stations and a cloud-based network management system, to ready-made smart ePTWs, apps, and enabling kits for partner-developed PBGN ePTWs, the entire Gogoro ecosystem is connected by a widely accessible network. Together, they support a diverse range of vehicles and mobility services powered by a common battery swapping solution. With Gogoro technology, riders of different PBGN vehicle brands, delivery fleets, and sharing services can all rely on the Gogoro Network™ to refuel in seconds.
Additionally, we provide powerful backend capabilities with a suite of SaaS solutions for both ePTW manufacturers and Gogoro Network™ providers that integrate with the platform to help them streamline their operations and optimize service delivery. We believe that deep connectivity between all touchpoints within the ecosystem is our central advantage, ensuring battery swapping can achieve the greatest efficiency, scalability, and above all else, deliver a superior user experience tailored to regional partners and their customer’s needs.
Together, our systems provide an open, robust, and turn-key platform for OEM partners to quickly transition and scale their ePTW portfolios while supporting policymakers in moving their PTW markets toward cleaner, more sustainable, and safer energy options. Gogoro provides the comprehensive solutions needed to drive the speed, economics, product diversity, and rider satisfaction required for OEMs and urban centers to shift their PTW fleets to electric and reach their carbon-reduction goals faster.
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Our solutions are widely recognized as the most advanced swapping solution for ePTWs worldwide. Frost & Sullivan has named Gogoro Battery Swapping Company of the Year for the third time in 2022.
Gogoro Products
Vehicles and Enabling Technology (Sales of Hardware & Other Revenues)
Smartscooter
In 2015, we launched our first vehicle, the Gogoro 1. Since then, we have released numerous vehicle products and introduced new technology for ePTWs. The technologies we develop for our branded ePTW have led to the innovative powertrains, systems, and components we offer to partner OEMs. As we continue to innovate in Gogoro-branded products the entire platform benefits from new technology and features that can be extended into future enabling kits.
In 2022, we introduced a number of new vehicle products including the newly re-designed Gogoro Delight, as well as Viva Mix and Viva Max products. Partner brands also introduced new vehicles and we will continue to innovate under both the Gogoro brand and working together with OEM partners to bring innovative Gogoro technology for ePTWs to their branded products.
Battery Packs and GoStation®
Our battery packs, manufactured by Gogoro and based on proprietary technology and manufacturing methods, can be sold to service providers as we expand into international markets. Similarly, GoStation®can be sold directly to operators. In Taiwan Gogoro owns and operates the Gogoro Network™ ourselves.
Battery Subscription Services (Battery Swapping Service Revenue)
Once a customer has purchased a Gogoro or partner branded vehicle, they subscribe to the Gogoro Network™ . The subscription can take a variety of forms — post paid, pre-paid, bulk-buy, etc. This revenue represents a growing portion of Gogoro’s overall revenue (31.8% in 2022) and will continue to grow as subscribers accumulate.
Research and Development
Gogoro pioneered the battery swapping category and has set the industry benchmarks for innovation, technical performance, sustainability, and quality standards with continuous advancements across every segment since. We invested significant time, resources, and expense into the research and development of our category-defining batteries, motors and drivetrain systems, MES, and networked swapping platform technologies as well as the software solutions that seamlessly integrate them. Our leadership position is the result, in part, of our committed research and development activities.
Our in-house research, design, engineering, and software teams developed our proprietary systems and enabling technology from the ground up. They are responsible for every facet of our battery systems, network platform, vehicle system, and user-experience innovations.
As of December 31, 2022, our platform, systems, and solutions are proven with over 380 million swaps and over 6.8 billion kilometers driven in our pilot market of Taiwan accumulated since our inception. Our research and development teams draw on the data and insights gathered to continuously refine our technology and optimize it for significantly larger-scale applications. We believe our ongoing work is elevating what’s possible in ePTW and establishing battery swapping as the defining technology for light urban mobility.
Intellectual Property
Intellectual property is fundamental to Gogoro. Our commercial success depends on our ability to, maintain and protect the intellectual property and other proprietary technology that we develop, to operate without infringing, misappropriating, or otherwise violating the intellectual property and proprietary rights of others, and to prevent others from infringing, misappropriating or violating our intellectual property and proprietary rights.
We rely on a combination of patent, trademark, copyright, unfair competition, and trade secret laws, as well as confidentiality procedures and contractual restrictions to establish, maintain and protect our proprietary rights.
As of February 28, 2023 we had 141 United States patents issued. Additionally, we had 964 issued foreign patents in approximately 18 countries worldwide. In addition, there were two pending Patent Cooperation Treaty (“PCT”) application, which relates to various Battery & GoStation® designs and/or EV charging functionality.
We intend to continue to regularly assess opportunities for seeking patent protection for those aspects of our technology, designs, and methodologies that we believe provide a meaningful competitive advantage.
Raw Materials
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Our supply chain has been cultivated and qualified over the course of the last ten years. Raw materials to complete the manufacturing of our vehicles, kits, battery packs, and GoStation® are not substantially constrained and while prices for these raw materials are subject to global supply/demand dynamics, we have not seen, nor do we anticipate, significant cost impact or material availability issues in the near term. One of the critical components of our battery packs is battery cells which are currently in high demand globally. Since we have relationships with multiple cell providers, we do not anticipate substantial difficulty in securing required volumes of battery cells. Additionally, certain integrated circuit components are in high demand, but we have been able to manage our supply chain and component availability without an impact to our output, quality, or pricing.
Taiwan Manufacturing
We have developed a factory network in Taoyuan, Taiwan to manufacture our own motors, battery packs, as well as assemble our Smartscooters. We lease factories manufacturing space with long-term leases and favorable extension options. When we began the development of our first-of-a-kind Smart Batteries and Smartscooters in Taiwan there were no suitable manufacturing technologies or supplier solutions available, so we built our first Smart Factory, invented our own vertically integrated systems, and helped accelerate the technology shift within our supply chain. We invested in our proprietary production methods and developed best practices combining advancements from premium automotive, consumer electronics, material science, and software. The innovations we have developed in the process provides us with a strong competitive advantage by allowing us to deliver technically advanced ePTWs while keeping costs low. We can replicate our factory systems in international markets or choose to work with leading vehicle makers in international markets.
Battery Pack Assembly
To build our latest generation Smart Batteries to the exacting specifications required, we developed a fully connected, streamlined, and automated production facility perfectly optimized for the precision, consistency, and efficiency needed to produce our high-performance batteries cost-effectively and at scale. Its light footprint, A.I. production software, and seamless integration delivers battery cells into full battery packs via a production flow that delivers incredible accuracy with almost no human intervention. Each cell and every battery assembly is tested, synced, and fingerprinted at multiple points throughout the process to produce a 1:1 battery resume that will follow it throughout its life.
Smartscooter Motor Manufacturing
Today Gogoro produces motors for several distinct powertrain platforms in our in-house motor factory. We have developed our own equipment and proprietary processes for creating our precision motors and systems to the highest tolerances while achieving volume on-demand. Our specially trained technicians go through four levels of Gogoro certification and leverage our integrated digital assistants to perfect the intricate assembly of each system and component set. The components built here are optimized for both our own branded vehicles as well as for the enabling kits for our OEM partners use. Each goes through rigorous testing at every stage of development from design, through production assembly and is then monitored through its lifespan. As we continue to innovate our production and software evolve to deliver even greater performance, energy efficiency, and new capabilities.
Smartscooter Assembly
Today, all of our component systems, powertrains, and vehicles are assembled, connected, and tested in our Smartscooter assembly facility. With its highly agile format and best-in-class equipment, we produce over 20 unique ePTWs models on five distinct vehicle platforms. Our highly synchronized processes can produce each vehicle with exacting precision, from chassis to activation on the network within 2 hours. Each screw is executed with digital precision, every wiring connection is recorded and cataloged, thus allowing instant backtracking of any future issues, speeding up maintenance, and helping fast-track further production system refinements. With every step carefully orchestrated by our MES system, our teams can easily shift from one station to the next and one process to another, across different vehicle types, ensuring maximum flexibility and consistent execution of our full portfolio of ePTWs and enabling kits.
Seasonality
As a seller of ePTWs, we are impacted seasonally, primarily by weather. During winter or colder months, sales of vehicles tend to slow while during warmer months, sales increase. This phenomenon is further compounded by the number of events that are hosted during warmer months— summer holiday sales, back to school sales, etc. Historically, in our pilot market of Taiwan, seasonality has resulted in a scenario where approximately 40%-45% of our vehicle unit sales and revenues are derived from the first half of each year (January through March being colder months) versus 55%-60% of our unit sales and revenues coming in the second half of the year.
Source of Revenue and International Expansion
We are the leading ePTW brand in Taiwan. In addition to selling electric vehicles and ePTW technology, we also build, operate, and manage a footprint of over 2,385 GoStation® locations across Taiwan.
Our competition includes other PTW vehicle manufacturers, including electric two-wheel vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles, and high fuel economy gasoline powered vehicles. In the electric two-wheeler space, we often partners with other manufacturers to provide the technology to build “swap-capable” ePTWs PBGN, thereby directly participating in the success of our partners’ branded sales. In
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2022, Gogoro’s branded sales in combination with our PBGN partnerships represented approximately 89.8% of all ePTW sales in Taiwan.
Our subscription battery swapping business primarily competes with other local battery swapping operators. This business is also indirectly affected by the level of demand for other charging methods, such as direct charging and home charging. However, our battery swapping network offers significant advantages over direct and home charging; swapping is over 100 times faster than traditional charging, eliminates the possibility of home fire safety incidents, and separates the price of the battery from the vehicle, which allows us to lower the price of our vehicles.
In the past three years on an average, approximately 95% of our revenue has been generated in the Taiwan market. We expect a similar trend in 2023.
Regulatory Changes
We operate in an industry which is subject to extensive environmental, safety and other regulations. The law and regulations to which we are subject include vehicle emissions, battery-charging and storage as well as battery disposal. The execution of our business plan by our management team will be significantly impacted by our ability to navigate changing regulatory contexts in each of our target markets.
C. Organizational Structure
The following diagram illustrates our current corporate structure, which includes our significant subsidiaries and certain significant branches of our subsidiaries as of the date of this annual report:
Below is a description of our few operating entities:
•Gogoro Taiwan Limited (Taiwan)—Manufacturing company which generates revenues from the sales of scooter parts, core components, development kits, GoStation® equipment and battery packs to its partners globally and also provides consulting services
•Gogoro Network, Taiwan Branch (Taiwan)—Provides battery swap services in Taiwan, with revenue generated from swap subscription fees paid by end customers
•Gogoro Network Pte. Ltd. (Singapore)—Licensor of SaaS and provider of battery swap services outside of Taiwan, with revenues generated from licensing of SaaS and battery swap services
•Gogoro India Private Limited (India)—Sales of scooters, parts, core components, development kits, GoStation® equipment and battery packs to its partners in India
•Gogoro Taiwan Sales and Services Limited (Taiwan)—Sales company in Taiwan, with revenues generated from sales of scooters to local end customers
•GoShare Taiwan Limited (Taiwan)—Provides scooter sharing services to local end customers in Taiwan
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See information also in “Item 18. Financial Statements — Note 2 Significant Accounting Policies (d) — basis of consolidation”
D. Property, Plant and Equipment
Our headquarters are located in our largest, primary location in Taoyuan, Taiwan where we maintain approximately 62,000m2 housing our offices, labs, vehicle manufacturing, and logistics. Additional nearby facilities house our battery pack manufacturing in, a secure, clean-space, approximately 44,000m2 facility where we manage the entire end-to-end production, assembly, and packaging of our Smart Batteries. Powertrains, motors, and component assemblies are produced in our specialized approximately 9,000m2 motor manufacturing location.
Our corporate offices are located in central Taipei, Taiwan, where we occupy approximately 5,200m2 of office space to support our business unit management, corporate services, software, design, and marketing. Leases on each location are secured on multi-year contracts with favorable terms for long-term extensions.
Our facilities are each purpose-built for their specialized production processes, and closely located to streamline logistics and optimize for efficiency and risk management. Each facility is designed with a highly agile and reconfigurable operational model to support continued expansion and increased capacity. In addition to our Taoyuan facility, we lease warehouses in various locations in Taiwan and pilot cities in Asia which are primarily used for storage and production logistic hubs. We believe our current space resources, along with the support of the significant manufacturing capacity of our large scale regional OEM partners, are sufficient to support our needs for the foreseeable future.
We intend to add new facilities or expand our existing facilities as we add employees and expand our operations in Taiwan and internationally. We believe that suitable additional or alternative space will be available in the future on commercially reasonable terms to accommodate our foreseeable future expansion.
As of the date of this annual report, we are not aware of any environmental issues that may affect the utilization of any of the premises described above.
ITEM 4.A. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
Not applicable.
ITEM 5. OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW AND PROSPECTS
The following discussion of our financial condition and results of operations is based upon and should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and their related notes included elsewhere in this annual report. This annual report contains forward-looking statements. See “Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Information.” In evaluating our business, you should carefully consider the information provided under the caption “Item 3. Key Information—D. Risk Factors” in this annual report. We caution you that our businesses and financial performance are subject to substantial risks and uncertainties.
A. Operating Results
Overview
In 2022, we transitioned from being a private company to being a public company; we announced new partnerships and pilot programs in India, Singapore and the Philippines. We continued to grow our total number of subscribers in Taiwan and continued to extend coverage of our industry leading GoStation® and smart battery packs. We launched new Gogoro branded and partner branded vehicles throughout the year and we opened new markets in Israel. We’re also working directly with a variety of B2B players in India starting the fourth quarter 2022.
We extended our Taiwan channel and now Gogoro vehicles are being sold in 604 traditional scooter sales locations. Making Gogoro vehicles broadly available and increasing the customer touch points is important. Our PBGN market share in Taiwan remains strong with 10.7%, 10.9%, and 8.6% share in year 2022 and 2021 and 2020, respectively. Our Gogoro Network™ business continues to demonstrate strong revenue and subscriber grew to 526,000 subscribers at the end of 2022 from 450,000 subscribers at the end of 2021.
On April 4, 2022 (the “Closing Date”), we consummated the Business Combination with Poema Global pursuant to the Merger Agreement. Gogoro Ordinary Shares and Public Warrants were admitted to trading and listed on the Nasdaq on April 5, 2022. See “Note 4 Merger Transaction” to the consolidated financial statements included in “Item 18. Financial Statements” in this annual report for additional details.
Key Factors Affecting Our Performance
We believe that our performance and future success is dependent on multiple factors that present significant opportunities for us, but also pose risks and challenges, including those discussed below and in the section of this annual report titled “Item 3. Key Information—D. Risk Factors.”
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Uncertainties of Market Fluctuation
We are currently a market leader in Taiwan in the ePTW and battery-swapping energy service. Various changes of market conditions may bring challenges to business operations, including but not limited to competitor actions, government policies relating to PTWs, technology changes, and other fluctuations. We will need to respond quickly and effectively to adapt to numerous market fluctuation in the future, including evolving competitor dynamics in each of our target markets, regulatory conditions, market opportunities, technologies and customer requirements.
Results of Operations
Gogoro’s results of operations for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 are presented below (U.S. dollars in thousands except for %):
| Year Ended December 31, | 2022 vs. 2021Change | 2021 vs. 2020 Change | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | $ | % | $ | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Operating revenues | $ | 382,826 | $ | 366,009 | $ | 364,125 | 16,817 | 4.6 | % | 1,884 | 0.5 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cost of revenues | 325,113 | 304,921 | 284,684 | 20,192 | 6.6 | % | 20,237 | 7.1 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Gross profit | 57,713 | 61,088 | 79,441 | (3,375) | (5.5) | % | (18,353) | (23.1) | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Operating expenses: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sales and marketing | 60,273 | 53,855 | 60,947 | 6,418 | 11.9 | % | (7,092) | (11.6) | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| General and administrative | 70,972 | 33,951 | 26,282 | 37,021 | 109.0 | % | 7,669 | 29.2 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Research and development | 45,993 | 30,600 | 28,711 | 15,393 | 50.3 | % | 1,889 | 6.6 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Listing expense | 178,804 | — | — | 178,804 | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total operating expense | 356,042 | 118,406 | 115,940 | 237,636 | 200.7 | % | 2,466 | 2.1 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Operating loss | (298,329) | (57,318) | (36,499) | (241,011) | 420.5 | % | (20,819) | 57.0 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Non-operating income and expense: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Financial costs | (12,671) | (11,088) | (9,754) | (1,583) | 14.3 | % | (1,334) | 13.7 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Financial income | 2,942 | 625 | 889 | 2,317 | 370.7 | % | (264) | (29.7) | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other income | 6,391 | 9,511 | 5,179 | (3,120) | (32.8) | % | 4,332 | 83.6 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other losses, net | (3,177) | (1,627) | (1,546) | (1,550) | 95.3 | % | (81) | 5.2 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Gains (losses) on financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss | 205,938 | (7,465) | (8,612) | 213,403 | (2858.7) | % | 1,147 | (13.3) | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total non-operating income and expenses | 199,423 | (10,044) | (13,844) | 209,467 | (2085.5) | % | 3,800 | (27.4) | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Loss before income tax | (98,906) | (67,362) | (50,343) | (31,544) | 46.8 | % | (17,019) | 33.8 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Income tax (expense) benefit | (2) | — | 1,063 | (2) | — | (1,063) | (100.0) | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss | $ | (98,908) | $ | (67,362) | $ | (49,280) | (31,546) | 46.8 | % | (18,082) | 36.7 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Year Ended December 31, | 2022 vs. 2021 Change | 2021 vs. 2020 Change | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Operating revenues: | 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | $ | % | $ | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sales of hardware and others | $ | 261,166 | $ | 266,422 | $ | 285,499 | (5,256) | (2.0) | % | (19,077) | (6.7) | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Battery swapping service | 121,660 | 99,587 | 78,626 | 22,073 | 22.2 | % | 20,961 | 26.7 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Operating revenues | $ | 382,826 | $ | 366,009 | $ | 364,125 | 16,817 | 4.6 | % | 1,884 | 0.5 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Year Ended December 31, | 2022 vs. 2021 Change | 2021 vs. 2020 Change | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Share-based compensation: | 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | $ | % | $ | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cost of revenues | $ | 4,149 | $ | 612 | $ | — | 3,537 | 577.9 | % | 612 | N/A | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sales and marketing | 5,698 | 887 | — | 4,811 | 542.4 | % | 887 | N/A | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| General and administrative | 15,549 | 1,699 | — | 13,850 | 815.2 | % | 1,699 | N/A | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Research and development | 12,511 | 1,840 | — | 10,671 | 579.9 | % | 1,840 | N/A | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 37,907 | $ | 5,038 | $ | — | 32,869 | 652.4 | % | 5,038 | N/A | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Comparison of Year Ended December 31, 2022 to Year Ended December 31, 2021
Operating Revenues
Our operating revenues consist of two primary revenue streams:
▪“Sales of hardware and other revenue” includes revenues related to sales of electric scooters and related parts, sales of related service revenue, leasing revenue (GoShare℠ business), and
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▪“Battery swapping service revenue” includes revenues related to battery swapping and energy services.
Total operating revenues increased by $16.8 million, or 4.6%, to $382.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2022 from $366.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2021. The increase was primarily due to an increase in battery swapping service revenue. The increase was partially offset by a decrease in sales of hardware and other revenues.
Sales of hardware and other revenue decreased by $5.2 million, or 2.0%, to $261.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2022 from $266.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2021. The slight decrease was primarily due to the total number of electric scooters sold through retail and distribution channels decreasing by 6.7 thousand units, or 9.3%, to 65.2 thousand units for the year ended December 31, 2022 from 71.9 thousand units for the year ended December 31, 2021. The decrease was offset by the increase of overseas revenues from selling Gogoro branded scooters, component kits to OEMs, batteries, and battery swapping stations to our overseas business partners. Total scooters sales in Taiwan for the full year of 2022 was 734.0 thousand units, down 9.3% year-over-year, while electric scooters sales in Taiwan for the full year of 2022 was 87.7 thousand units, down 6.7% year-over-year. Gogoro’s market share in Taiwan was 8.8% for the full year of 2022, slightly down 0.3% from 9.1% for the full year of 2021. This decline was mainly due to the still weak Taiwan scooter market with uncertainties derived from macroeconomic volatility and the pandemic.
Battery swapping service revenue increased by $22.0 million, or 22.2%, to $121.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2022 from $99.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2021. Total subscribers at the end of 2022 were more than 526,000, up 16.8% from 450,000 subscribers at the end of 2021. Battery swapping service revenue increase was primarily due to our increasing subscriber base and the high retention rate of all subscribers.
Cost of Revenues and Gross Margin
Cost of revenues increased by $20.2 million, or 6.6%, to $325.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2022 from $304.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2021. This increase was driven by the expanding user base of battery swapping service, which resulted in increased operating and maintenance cost, such as electricity expense and depreciation expense of leasing assets. Besides, the cost of hardware increase was due to the rising of raw material cost from supply shortage and logistics cost increase during pandemic, an additional manufacturing overhead impacted by the increase in share-based compensation expense, and one-time cost of non-operating business compared to the prior period.
Gross margin decreased to 15.1% in 2022, from 16.7% in 2021. This was driven by the increased production cost per electric scooter, which resulted from idle capacity charges since ramp down in production due to slowing sales of electric scooters. The decrease was partially offset by an increase in the average selling price of our electric scooters, favorable changes in our product mix, and the improved cost efficiency of Gogoro's Network operations.
Sales and Marketing
Sales and marketing expenses increased by $6.4 million, or 11.9%, to $60.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2022 from $53.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2021. The increase was primarily due to a $4.8 million increase in share-based compensation expense, a $0.8 million increase in one-time headcount-related expenses and a $0.7 million increase in spending in retail marketing campaigns and product launches.
General and Administrative
General and administrative expenses increased by $37.0 million, or 109.0%, to $71.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2022 from $34.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2021. The increase was primarily due to a $16.4 million increase in professional service expenses associated with acquisition-related expenses, a $13.9 million increase in share-based compensation expense associated with the issuance of share-based awards, and a $6.9 million in expenditures associated with being a public traded company. Other than above, general and administrative expenses remained relatively stable due to stricter expense controls we put in place.
Research and Development
Research and development expenses increased by $15.4 million, or 50.3%, to $46.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2022 from $30.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2021. The increase was primarily due to a $10.7 million increase in share-based compensation expense, and a $4.0 million increase in R&D expensed materials and samples. These increases supported our expanding product roadmap and technologies including our proprietary batteries for swapping.
Listing Expense
We incurred $178.8 million of listing expense in connection with the merger with Poema in the second quarter of 2022. The excess fair value of shares issued by Gogoro in exchanged for the net assets of Poema was recorded as listing expense in operating expense.
Financial costs
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Financial costs increased by $1.6 million, or 14.3%, to $12.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2022 from $11.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2021. The increase was primarily due to the principal balance of short-term and long-term borrowings being higher in 2022.
Financial Income
Financial income increased by $2.3 million, or 370.7%, to $2.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2022 from $0.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2021. The increase was primarily due to higher interest rates and higher cash balance as a result of PIPE investment in 2022 compared to 2021.
Other Income
Other income decreased by $3.1 million, or 32.8%, to $6.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2022 from $9.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2021. The decrease was primarily due to a decrease in a one-time government economic relief package related to COVID-19 compared to last year.
Other Losses, net
Other losses, net increased by $1.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2022 as compared to the year ended December 31, 2021. Such change was primarily due to fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates.
Gains on Financial Liabilities
The gains or losses on financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss (“FVTPL”) includes unrealized gains or losses recognized in profit or loss attributable to financial instruments including Earnout, Earn-in and Warrant held at the end of the reporting period. Gains on financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss changed favorably by $213.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2022 as compared to the year ended December 31, 2021. .
Comparison of Year Ended December 31, 2021 to Year Ended December 31, 2020
For a discussion of our results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2021 compared with the year ended December 31, 2020, see “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects — A. Operating Results — Results of Operations — Comparison of Year Ended December 31, 2021 to Year Ended December 31, 2020” of our annual report on Form 20-F for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021, filed with the SEC on May 2, 2022.
B. Liquidity and Capital Resources
Since inception, we have financed our operations through our sales, a syndicated loan and revolving credit facilities with banks or financial institutions, other borrowings and debt capital, and equity contributions. In 2022, we have raised $344.8 million in gross proceeds from completion of the business combination with Poema Global on April 4, 2022, paid off $102.6 million bonds, completed a new $345 million syndicated credit facility and paid off a $90.6 million credit facility obligation, and extended the outstanding NT$3,975 million of an existing credit facility for an additional three years to December 2025. As of December 31, 2022, we had current assets of $397.9 million, current liabilities of $248.2 million, which primarily consisted of short-term borrowings, financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss (including Earnout liabilities, Earn-in liabilities and warrant liabilities), notes and trade payable and current portion of long-term borrowings. As of December 31, 2022, we had cash and cash equivalents of $236.1 million, which consisted of cash on hand, checking accounts and demand deposits, time deposits and repurchase agreements collateralized by bonds, also had other current financial assets of $3.5 million, which consisted of time deposits with original maturities of more than three months and restricted deposits. We incurred a net loss of $98.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2022 and a net loss of $67.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2021. We expect to continue to incur net losses in the short term as we continue to execute on our growth strategy.
We believe that our current levels of cash, available credit facilities and cash flows from operations will be sufficient to meet our anticipated cash needs for at least the next twelve months. However, we may need additional cash resources in the future if we find and wish to pursue opportunities for investment, acquisition, strategic cooperation or other similar actions, which may include investing in battery swapping and energy network, technology, manufacturing equipment and machinery, tooling equipment and leasehold improvements as Gogoro continues to invest in its business infrastructure and scales its operations in Taiwan and internationally. If we determine that our cash requirements exceed our amounts of cash on hand or if we decide to further optimize our capital structure, we may seek to issue additional debt or equity securities or obtain credit facilities or other sources of funding.
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Cash Flows Summary
Presented below is a summary of our operating, investing, and financing cash flows (U.S. dollars in thousands):
| For the years ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | |||||||||||||||
| Net cash (used in) generated from operating activities | $ | (64,790) | $ | 80,794 | $ | 756 | |||||||||||
| Net cash used in investing activities | (101,102) | (41,518) | (251,757) | ||||||||||||||
| Net cash generated from financing activities | 186,396 | 61,764 | 187,265 | ||||||||||||||
| Effects of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents | (1,833) | (2,653) | (942) | ||||||||||||||
| Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents | $ | 18,671 | $ | 98,387 | $ | (64,678) | |||||||||||
Operating Activities
Cash flows from operating activities are reinvested to support the growth of our business. We invest in research and development, sales and marketing activities, general and administrative expenses, and working capital. Our operating cash inflows include cash from sales of electric scooters and related hardware, battery swapping and energy services revenue, leasing revenue and sales-related services revenue. These cash inflows are offset by our payments to suppliers for production materials and parts used in our manufacturing process, operating expenses, and interest payments on our financings.
During the year ended December 31, 2022, net cash used in operating activities was $64.8 million. The primary factors affecting operating cash flows during this period were a net loss of $98.9 million after deducting non-cash charges of $119.9 million consisting primarily of depreciation and amortization expenses of $94.8 million, share-based compensation of $37.9 million and recognition of listing expense of $178.8 million which was offset by change in fair value of financial liabilities of $205.9 million, a decrease in working capital of $76.1 million and interest expense payment of $12.5 million. The increase in net operating assets and liabilities was mainly driven by a larger increase in inventories related to lower-than-expected hardware sales during pandemic and increase of long lead-time material purchases, and a larger decrease in notes payable and trade payable due to payments for production materials. The increase in our net operating assets and liabilities was partially offset by a smaller increase in other liability primarily due to increase in temporary receipt and unearned revenue.
Investing Activities
Cash used in investing activities primarily relate to capital expenditures for batteries in support of energy usage and battery swapping service, manufacturing equipment and machinery, tooling equipment and leasehold improvements as we continue to invest in our business infrastructure and scale our manufacturing operations.
Net cash used in investing activities was $101.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2022, which primarily consisted of $123.1 million used in investing property and equipment that is primarily attributable to investment in batteries and equipment in support of our energy usage and battery swapping service network. The investment in property and equipment was partially offset by net proceeds of $22.3 million from other financial assets in time deposits with original maturities of more than three months for the year ended December 31, 2022.
Financing Activities
Cash inflows from financing activities primarily relate to proceeds from issuance of ordinary shares, proceeds from increase of bank loans, while offset by cash outflows from repayment of redeemable preferred shares and bonds.
Net cash generated from financing activities was $186.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2022, which was primarily due to $294.8 million proceeds from PIPE investments, $173.4 million proceeds from borrowings and $32.1 million cash from business combination. These cash proceeds from financing activities was offset by repayments of redeemable preferred shares of $106.1 million, repayments of bonds payable of $102.6 million, and repayments of bank loans of $90.6 million.
Material Cash Requirements from Known Contractual Obligations
Our primary contractual obligations consist of liabilities related to outstanding loan agreements as well as capital leases and non-cancellable purchase commitments.
From time to time in the ordinary course of business, we enter into agreements with vendors for the purchase of components and raw materials to be used in the manufacture of our products. However, due to contractual terms, variability in the precise growth curves of our development and production ramps, and opportunities to renegotiate pricing, we generally do not have binding and enforceable purchase orders under such contracts beyond the short term, and the timing and magnitude of purchase orders beyond such period is difficult to accurately project.
As of December 31, 2022, we had outstanding $468.5 million in aggregate principal amount of indebtedness, of which $161.9 million is scheduled to become due in the succeeding 12 months, where includes $63.5 million of non-cancellable purchase
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commitments, $88.0 million of bank loans, and $10.4 million of lease liabilities. To the rest of outstanding indebtedness, we have $306.6 million scheduled to become in the future 1 to 5 years, and other $0.03 million more than 5 years.
In October 2021, we entered into a contract with Hon Hai Precision Industry Co., Ltd. and committed to invest in a battery pack assembly line in Wuhan, China for approximately $15.0 million. In June 2022, we entered into a formal sale and purchase agreement with Hongfujin Precision Industry (Wuhan) Co., Ltd., an affiliate of Hon Hai Precision Industry Co., Ltd., in relation to the battery pack assembly line. In March 2023, the sale and purchase agreement was amended to adjust the consideration to approximately $14.2 million. The consideration will be settled upon delivery and acceptance of the battery pack assembly line.
Dividends
Within the organization, investor cash inflows have all been received by Gogoro Inc., the parent Cayman entity. Cash to fund our operations is transferred from: (i) the Cayman parent to its operating companies through capital contributions; and (ii) operating companies to other operating companies through capital contributions.
As a holding company, Gogoro Inc. may rely on dividends and other distributions on equity paid by its subsidiaries for its cash and financing requirements. If any of our subsidiaries incur debt on its own behalf in the future, the instruments governing such debt may restrict their ability to pay dividends to Gogoro Inc. As of December 31, 2022, other than dividends paid to the shareholder of redeemable preferred shares by Gogoro Inc., neither Gogoro Inc. nor any of its subsidiaries have ever paid dividends or made distributions. Gogoro Inc. paid out an aggregate amount of $2.1 million, $7.0 million and $1.2 million as dividends to shareholders of redeemable preferred shares for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively.
We incurred a net loss in fiscal year 2022 and we do not expect to distribute earnings in the near future. Going forward, we intend to continue to invest profit generated from our business operations in new markets or business lines.
C. Research and Development, Patents and Licenses, etc.
See “Item 4. Information on the Company—B. Business Overview—Research and Development” and “—Intellectual Property.”
D. Trend Information
Other than as disclosed elsewhere in this annual report, we are not aware of any trends, uncertainties, demands, commitments or events for the period from January 1, 2022 to December 31, 2022 that are reasonably likely to have a material effect on our operating revenues, profitability, liquidity or capital resources, or that would cause the disclosed financial information to be not necessarily indicative of future operating results or financial conditions.
E. Critical Accounting Estimates
Summarized below are our accounting estimates that we believe are important to the portrayal of our financial results and also involve the need for management to make estimates about the effect of matters that are uncertain in nature. Actual results may differ from these estimates, judgments and assumptions. Certain accounting estimates are particularly critical because of their significance to our reported financial results and the possibility that future events may differ significantly from the conditions and assumptions underlying the estimates used and judgments made by us in preparing our financial statements. The following discussion should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and related notes, which are included in this annual report.
The estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognized in the period in which the estimates are revised if the revisions affect only that period or in the period of the revisions and future periods if the revisions affect both current and future periods.
Net Realizable Value of Inventories
We write down the carrying amount of inventories to the net realizable value if those inventories are damaged, if they have become wholly or partially obsolete, if their selling prices have declined, if they have been acquired for an excessive period or time, or if they are slow-moving. Estimates of net realizable value are based on the most reliable evidence available at the time the estimates are made, of the amount the inventories are expected to realize. These estimates take into consideration fluctuations of price or cost directly relating to events occurring after the end of the period to the extent that such events confirm conditions existing at the end of the period.
Provisions for Product Warranty
We accrue a warranty reserve for the electric scooters sold, which includes our best estimate of the projected costs to repair or replace items under warranties and recalls when identified. These estimates are based on actual claims incurred to date as well as the forecasted claims based on historical experience and an estimate of the working hours, material costs and hourly wage rates, depending on the types of electric scooters. These estimates are inherently uncertain due to our relatively short history of sales, and changes to our historical or projected warranty experience may cause material changes to the warranty reserve in the future. Warranty expense is recorded as a component of cost of revenue in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income. See more information in “Item 18. Financial Statements—Note 15 Provisions for Product Warranty to the Consolidated Financial Statements.”
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Share-based Payment Arrangements
To determine the fair value of the restricted shares granted to the executives and employees, we estimate the grant date fair value of our common stock using the income approach which incorporates future growth prospects and economic benefits resulting from the execution of our business strategy and anticipated operational improvements. Since we were previously privately-held, the pricing inputs including the discount rate, perpetual growth rate, etc. are estimated based on our peer or similar companies. If the actual changes of inputs in the future differ from expectation, the fair value might vary accordingly. See more information in “Item 18. Financial Statements—Note 21 Share-based Payment Arrangements to the Consolidated Financial Statements.”
Fair Value Measurement of Financial Liabilities at FVTPL
Some of the our financial liabilities at FVTPL are categorized within Level 3 in the fair value measurements according to IFRS 13 “Fair Value Measurement.” The valuation of earnout liabilities, earn-in liabilities and Private Placement Warrants are performed using Monte Carlo simulations with unobservable inputs including the volatility in connection with the financial instruments. Significant judgment is required to determine the appropriateness of those unobservable inputs. See more fair value measurement information in “Item 18. Financial Statements—Note 12 Financial Liabilities at Fair Value through Profit or Loss and Note 23 Financial Instruments to the Consolidated Financial Statements.”
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ITEM 6. DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEES
A. Directors and Senior Management
The following table sets forth certain information concerning our current directors and executive officers as of the date of this report:
| Name | Age | Position(s) | ||||||||||||
| Horace Luke | 52 | Chief Executive Officer, Chairman of the Board and Director | ||||||||||||
| Bruce Aitken | 53 | Chief Financial Officer | ||||||||||||
| Ming-I Peng | 54 | Chief Product Officer | ||||||||||||
| Alan Pan | 47 | Chief Revenue Officer | ||||||||||||
| Pass Liao | 48 | Chief Operating Officer | ||||||||||||
Michael R. Splinter(1) | 72 | Director | ||||||||||||
Yoshihiko Yamada(4)(5) | 71 | Director | ||||||||||||
Hui-Ming "HM" Cheng(2)(6) | 68 | Director | ||||||||||||
Ming-Shan Lee (Sam)(4) | 57 | Director | ||||||||||||
| Homer Sun | 51 | Director | ||||||||||||
Chung-Yao Yin(3) | 39 | Director | ||||||||||||
________________________________________
(1)Chairman of the Compensation Committee
(2)Chairman of the Audit Committee
(3)Chairman of the Nominating & Corporate Governance Committee
(4)Member of the Audit Committee
(5)Member of the Compensation Committee
(6)Member of the Nominating & Corporate Governance Committee
Executive Officers
Horace Luke is our Founder and has served as Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of our board of directors since inception in June 2011. Previously, Mr. Luke served as Chief Innovation Officer at HTC Corporation (TWSE: 2498) from November 2006 to May 2011, where he led product strategy and the company’s transformation from a white label hardware manufacturer to a global smartphone brand. Prior to that, Mr. Luke spent ten years as Creative Director at Microsoft (Nasdaq: MSFT), where he led product ideation and brand development for a variety of Microsoft’s important franchises including the first-generation Xbox, Windows XP and Windows Mobile. Mr. Luke holds a B.F.A. and B.A. in Industrial Design and Fine Art from the University of Washington. We believe Mr. Luke is qualified to serve on our board of directors based on the perspective he brings as our Founder and Chief Executive Officer, and due to his extensive operational and historical expertise and experience in the technology industry.
Bruce Aitken has served as our Chief Financial Officer since June 2018. Prior to joining Gogoro, Mr. Aitken served as General Manager of Kindle/Devices, China for Amazon.com, Inc. (Nasdaq: AMZN) from October 2016 to April 2018. Prior to that, Mr. Aitken held various leadership positions at Intel Corporation (Nasdaq: INTC) from June 1996 to October 2016, most recently serving as Director of China Finance and Director of China Strategy. Mr. Aitken holds a M.B.A. from the University of Oregon, Charles H. Lundquist College of Business, a J.D. from the University of Oregon School of Law and a B.A. in Business Administration from Oregon State University.
Ming-I Peng has served as our Chief Product Officer since May 2019 and Vice President of Marketing from April 2018 to May 2019. Prior to joining Gogoro, Mr. Peng served as Marketing Director at MediaTek Inc. (TPE: 2454) from November 2016 to March 2018. Prior to that, Mr. Peng served as Senior Director of Greater China Marketing and China Distribution Sales at BlackBerry Limited (NYSE: BB) from 2012 to 2013 and as Senior Director of Global Retail Strategy at HTC Corporation (TWSE: 2498) from April 2011 and September 2011. Prior to that, Mr. Peng held positions at Nokia (China) Investment Co., Ltd., a subsidiary of Nokia, Inc. (NYSE: NOK), Inventec Corporation (TPE: 2356), Volvo Cars Taiwan, Microsoft Taiwan Corporation, a subsidiary of Microsoft Corporation (Nasdaq: MSFT), and Apple Computer Asia Inc., a subsidiary of Apple Inc. (Nasdaq: AAPL). Mr. Peng holds a B.S.C. in Mathematics from the National Taiwan University.
Alan Pan has served as Chief Revenue Officer since October 2022 overseeing Gogoro’s company-wide revenue strategy and execution; Mr. Pan had served as General Manager of Gogoro Network from October 2018 to September 2022. Mr. Pan was responsible for Gogoro Network™ ’s business, including the establishment, growth and operations of Gogoro Network™ in Taiwan, as well as its expansion beyond Taiwan. Prior to that, Mr. Pan served as Vice President of Gogoro Network from October 2015 to September 2018. Mr. Pan has also served as Branch Manager of the Taiwan Branch of Gogoro Network (Cayman Islands), a subsidiary of Gogoro, since February 2016 and as Branch Manager of France Branch of Gogoro Network B.V., a subsidiary of Gogoro, since April 2021. Mr. Pan holds an M.B.A. from The University of Texas at Arlington and a Bachelor degree in Management Information Systems from Chung Yuan Christian University.
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Pass Liao has served as Chief Operating Officer of Gogoro since October 2022 overseeing operations, enforcing and implementing operations standards, budget and cost control and all corporate operations; Mr Liao had served as the General Manager of Gogoro Solutions from July 2019 to September 2022. Mr. Liao was responsible for our PBGN program, a program focused on fostering a new range of electric vehicles that integrate with the Gogoro Network™ from a variety of vehicle makers. Prior to that, Mr. Liao served as our Vice President of New Product Development from 2015 to June 2019, and as our Senior Director of Quality from 2013 to 2015. Prior to joining Gogoro, Mr. Liao served as a TQE Leader, Asia, at IKEA from 2010 to 2013. Mr. Liao holds a B.S. in Mechanical Engineering from National Taiwan Ocean University.
Non-executive Directors
Hui-Ming “HM” Cheng has served on our board of directors since 2013. Mr. Cheng served as President and General Manager of Walsin Lihwa Corporation (TPE: 1605) from 2011 to June 2019 and as a member of its board of directors from 2014 to May 2020. Mr. Cheng previously served as Chief Financial Officer at HTC Corporation (TWSE: 2498) from 2006 to 2010. Prior to HTC, Mr. Cheng served as Chief Financial Officer of Taiwan Mobile Co., Ltd. (TWSE: 3045), Chief Financial Officer of Fubon Financial Holding Co., Ltd. (TPE: 2881), and Vice President of Finance at Winbond Electronics Corp (TPE: 2344).
Mr. Cheng has served on the board of directors of KHL Venture Capital Co., Ltd. since May 2020, KHL IB Venture Capital Co., Ltd. since May 2020, KHL IV Venture Capital Co., Ltd. since April 2019, KHL V Venture Capital Co., Ltd. since August 2021, ACME Electronics Corporation (TPEX: 8121) since June 2020 and Ganso Co., Ltd. (SHA: 603886) since January 2019. Mr. Cheng holds an M.B.A. from Indiana University Bloomington, a graduate degree in Chemical Engineering from the University of California Los Angeles and an undergraduate degree from National Taiwan University. In 2002, he was honored as “the Best Chief Financial Officer in Taiwan”.
We believe Mr. Cheng is qualified to serve on our board of directors based on his extensive track record of success as a business executive and his technical knowledge in finance, accounting and operations.
Ming-Shan Lee (Sam) has served on our board of directors since November 2019. Mr. Lee is the founder of MagiCapital Management Ltd. and has served as its Chief Executive Officer since 2011. He is a seasoned private equity investor with over 20 years of experience, starting his professional career from a management trainee of Citi Bank, a subsidiary of Citigroup Inc. (NYSE: C), then the Vice President of Investment Banking of JP Morgan (NYSE: JPM), and the Executive Vice President and Head of International Business Development of Great China of Yuanta Securities, a subsidiary of Yuanta Financial Holding Co., Limited (TPE: 2885). Mr. Lee has served on the board of directors of Bafang Yunji International Co Ltd (TT: 2753) since 2013, Nien Made Enterprise Co., Ltd. (TT: 8464) since 2015, Epic Wise Ltd. since 2017, DFI Inc (TT: 2397) since March 2020, ILI Technology Corp, a subsidiary of MediaTek Inc. (TPE: 2454) since December 2020 and Shanghai Huamer Foods, Co., Ltd since July 2020. Mr. Lee holds a B.A. in Business from Soochow University and a M.B.A. from National Chengchi University.
We believe Mr. Lee is qualified to serve on our board of directors based on his extensive expertise in business and finance.
Michael Splinter has served on our board of directors since July 2018. Mr. Splinter was previously served as Chairman of Nasdaq’s Board between May 10, 2017 and Dec. 31, 2022. Mr. Splinter has served on the board of directors of Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company, Limited (NYSE: TSM) since June 2015. Mr. Splinter has served as General Partner, Business and Technology Consultant and Co-Founder of WISC Partners LP since December 2015. Mr. Splinter has served as the Owner of MRS Business and Technology Advisors since September 2015. Mr. Splinter has served on the board of Kioxia since July 2018. He served as Chief Executive Officer of Applied Materials, Inc. (Nasdaq: AMAT) from 2003 to 2015, and as its Chairman of the board from 2009 to 2015. Mr. Splinter holds a B.S. in Electrical and Electronics Engineering, a M.A. in Electrical Engineering, and an honorary Ph.D. in Engineering, all from the University of Wisconsin Madison.
We believe Mr. Splinter is qualified to serve on our board of directors based on his background as an engineer and technologist, as well as his many years of experience in the semiconductor industry.
Homer Sun joined our board of directors in connection with the closing of the Business Combination in April 2022. Mr. Sun has served as the Managing Partner of Animoca Capital since October 2022. Mr. Sun was formerly the Chief Investment Officer of Morgan Stanley Private Equity Asia (a subsidiary of Morgan Stanley (NYSE: MS)), a Managing Director at Morgan Stanley and a member of the firm’s Global Private Credit & Equity Executive Committee as well as the firm’s China Management Committee from March 2006 to January 2020. Prior to MSPE Asia, Mr. Sun served as an M&A banker at Morgan Stanley’s Investment Banking Division from April 2000 to March 2006, and as an M&A lawyer at Simpson Thacher & Bartlett LLP from September 1996 to March 2000. Mr. Sun holds a B.S.E. in Chemical Engineering, magna cum laude, from the University of Michigan and a J.D., cum laude, from the University of Michigan Law School.
We believe Mr. Sun is qualified to serve on our board of directors based on his extensive experience in finance, business and management.
Yoshihiko Yamada has served on our board of directors since November 2019. Mr. Yamada has served on the board of Japan Communications Inc. (TYO: 9424) since June 2016. Mr. Yamada has served on the board of WOTA Corp. since April 2022. From November 2017 to July 2019, Mr. Yamada served as Vice President of Tesla Gigafactory in Nevada (Nasdaq: TSLA). Prior to that, Mr.
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Yamada served as EVP of Panasonic Corporation (TYO: 6752) from June 2014 to June 2016 and as a member of its board of directors from June 2010 to June 2016. Mr. Yamada received a B.A. in Economics from Keio University.
We believe Mr. Yamada is qualified to serve on our board of directors based on his extensive experience as an executive and board member of major companies in the technology industry.
Chung-Yao Yin has served on our board of directors since April 2022 following the Closing of Business Combination. Mr. Yin has served as Vice Chairman of Nan Shan Life Insurance Co., Ltd. since December 2019 and as a member of its board of directors since June 2016. Mr. Yin previously served as Special Assistant to the Chairman at Nan Shan Life Insurance Co., Ltd. from July 2016 to December 2019.
Mr. Yin has served on the board of directors of Gogoro Taiwan Limited since June 2019, Gogoro Taiwan Sales and Services Limited since June 2019, GoShare Taiwan Limited since July 2019, Gogoro Network since May 2019, Gogoro Network Pte. Ltd. since July 2019, Gogoro Singapore Holding Pte. Ltd. since July 2019 and GoShare Pte. Ltd. since July 2019.
Mr. Yin has served on the board of directors of Nan Shan General Insurance Company, Ltd. since June 2016, Nan Shan Life Charity Foundation since January 2020, Ruen Chen Investment Holding Co., Ltd. since June 2016, Ruentex Industries Limited since June 2016, Ruentex Development Co., Ltd. since July 2016, Ruentex Materials Co., Ltd. since May 2016, Ruentex Engineering & Construction Co., Ltd. since May 2016, Ruentex Xu-Zhan Development co., Ltd. since April 2016, Ruentex Interior Design Inc. since December 2022, Obigen Pharma, Inc. since April 2021, Peng-Lin Investment Limited since July 2013, Yi Tai Investment Co., Ltd. since June 2018, Ren Ying Enterprise Co., Ltd. since June 2018, Chang Chun Investment Co., Ltd. since June 2018, Sheng Cheng Investment Co., Ltd. since June 2018, Ruentex Leasing Co., Ltd. since June 2018, Ruen Hua Dyeing & Weaving Co., Ltd. since June 2018, Jing Hong Investment Co., Ltd since June 2018, the Tang Prize Foundation since 2012, the Yin Shu-Tien Medical Foundation since 2006 and the Mr. Hsun-Ruo YIN Educational Foundation since 2006. Mr. Yin holds a Doctor of Philosophy in Oriental Studies from the University of Oxford.
We believe Mr. Yin is qualified to serve on our board of directors based on his experience in business management and operations.
Family Relationships
There are no familial relationships among our directors and executive officers.
B. Compensation of Directors and Executive Officers
Aggregate Compensation of Our Executive Officers and Directors
In 2022, we paid and accrued aggregate salaries and benefits (excluding share-based awards) of approximately $2.6 million and share-based awards underlying an aggregate of 4,894,896 ordinary shares of our company.
For information regarding share-based awards granted to our directors and executive officers, see “— Equity Incentive Plans” below.
Equity Incentive Plans
2022 Equity Incentive Plan
Our board of directors approved our 2022 Equity Incentive Plan, or the 2022 Plan, which became effective immediately prior to the closing of the Business Combination. The 2022 Plan provides for the grant of incentive stock options, within the meaning of Section 422 of the U.S. Internal Revenue Code, to our employees and any of our parent and subsidiary corporations’ employees, and the grant of nonstatutory stock options, restricted stock, restricted stock units, stock appreciation rights and performance awards to our employees, directors and consultants and employees and consultants of any of our parents or subsidiaries. For the avoidance of doubt, the administrator may grant awards to any of the foregoing service providers, including individuals who may be considered “related parties” under the Nasdaq listing rules, including as consideration in a transaction or series of related transactions in which a related party has a 5% or greater interest (or such persons collectively have a 10% or greater interest), directly or indirectly, in Gogoro or assets to be acquired or in the consideration to be paid in the transaction or series of related transactions. We have six non-employee directors, and together with our subsidiaries, collectively have approximately 2,000 employees (including employee directors) and no consultants. Each of these individuals are eligible to be selected to receive an award under the 2022 Plan if selected by the administrator.
Authorized Shares. Subject to the adjustment provisions contained in the 2022 Plan and the evergreen provision described below, a total of 26,633,840 Gogoro Ordinary Shares are reserved for issuance pursuant to the 2022 Plan. The number of shares subject to the 2022 Plan was increased by 7,990,152 Gogoro Ordinary Shares, for granting incentive awards to employees of us or our subsidiaries, one-third (1/3) of each such award will vest upon the occurrence of an Earnout Event during the Earnout Period (the “Incentive Award Pool”). In addition, the shares reserved for issuance under the 2022 Plan includes any Gogoro Ordinary Shares subject to awards of stock options or other awards granted under the Company Incentive Plans (as defined in the Merger Agreement) that are assumed pursuant to the Merger Agreement (or “assumed awards”) that, on or after the Effective Time, are cancelled, expire or otherwise terminate without having been exercised in full, are forfeited to or repurchased by us due to failure to vest, or are withheld by us from assumed awards
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other than restricted stock for payment of an exercise price or for tax withholding obligations (provided that the maximum number of shares that may be added to the 2022 Plan pursuant to this sentence is 5,843,249 shares). The number of shares available for issuance under the 2022 Plan includes an automatic annual increase, or the evergreen feature, on the first day of each of our fiscal years, beginning with our fiscal year 2023 and ceasing as described below, equal to the least of:
▪7,990,152 Gogoro Ordinary Shares;
▪a number of shares equal to 3% of the total number of all outstanding Gogoro Ordinary Shares as of the last day of the immediately preceding fiscal year; or
▪such number of shares as the administrator of the 2022 Plan may determine.
The evergreen feature and any provisions that are or would create a “formula” plan for purposes of the Nasdaq listing requirements operates only until the ten-year anniversary of the earlier of the initial adoption of the 2022 Plan by our board of directors or the approval of the 2022 Plan by our shareholders, and therefore no automatic share reserve increase under the evergreen feature will be added after the increase on the first day of our 2031 fiscal year. Shares issuable under the 2022 Plan may be authorized, but unissued, or reacquired Gogoro Ordinary Shares. If an award expires or becomes unexercisable without having been exercised in full, is surrendered pursuant to an exchange program (as described below, and other than to the extent the exchange program includes an exchange or transfer of previously granted restricted stock), or, with respect to restricted stock, restricted stock units, or performance awards, is forfeited to or repurchased due to failure to vest, the unpurchased shares (or, for awards other than stock options or stock appreciation rights, the forfeited or repurchased shares) will become available for future grant or sale under the 2022 Plan. With respect to stock appreciation rights, only the net shares actually issued will cease to be available under the 2022 Plan and all remaining shares under stock appreciation rights will remain available for future grant or sale under the 2022 Plan. Shares that actually have been issued under the 2022 Plan under any award will not be returned to the 2022 Plan; except if shares issued pursuant to awards of restricted stock, restricted stock units, or performance awards are repurchased or forfeited due to failure to vest, such shares will become available for future grant under the 2022 Plan. Shares subject to an award (other than a restricted stock award) withheld to pay the exercise price of an award or satisfy the tax liabilities or withholding obligations related to such award (which withholdings may be in amounts greater than the minimum statutory amount required to be withheld as determined by the administrator of the 2022 Plan) will become available for future grant or sale under the 2022 Plan. To the extent an award is paid out in cash rather than shares, such cash payment will not result in a reduction in the number of shares available for issuance under the 2022 Plan. Subject to the capitalization adjustment provisions included in the 2022 Plan, the maximum number of shares that may be issued upon the exercise of incentive stock options will equal the aggregate number of Gogoro Ordinary Shares reserved for issuance under the 2022 Plan pursuant to the first two sentences of this “Authorized Shares” section, plus the Gogoro Ordinary Shares that become available for issuance under the 2022 Plan pursuant to the annual evergreen feature.
In the event of any equity restructuring that causes the per share value of a Gogoro Ordinary Share to change, such as a stock dividend, stock split, spinoff, rights offering or recapitalization through a large, nonrecurring cash dividend, the administrator of the 2022 Plan, in order to prevent diminution or enlargement of the benefits or potential benefits intended to be provided under the 2022 Plan, will adjust the number and class of shares that may be delivered under the 2022 Plan; the number, class, and price of shares covered by each outstanding award; and the numerical share limits contained in the 2022 Plan. In the event of any other change in corporate capitalization, including a merger, consolidation, reorganization, or partial or complete liquidation of Gogoro, such equitable adjustments described in the foregoing sentence may be made to the extent and in a manner as determined to be appropriate and equitable by the administrator to prevent dilution or enlargement of the benefits or potential benefits intended to be made available under the 2022 Plan. In either case, the decision of the administrator regarding any such adjustment shall be final, binding and conclusive.
Plan Administration. Our board of directors or one or more committees appointed by our board of directors has authority to administer the 2022 Plan. The compensation committee of our board of directors administers the 2022 Plan. In addition, to the extent it is desirable to qualify transactions under the 2022 Plan as exempt under Rule 16b-3 of the Exchange Act, the committee and such transactions will be structured to satisfy the requirements for exemption under Rule 16b-3. Subject to the provisions of the 2022 Plan, the administrator has the power to administer the 2022 Plan and make all determinations deemed necessary or advisable for administering the 2022 Plan, including but not limited to, the power to determine the fair market value of Gogoro Ordinary Shares, select the service providers to whom awards may be granted, determine the number of shares or dollar amounts covered by each award, approve forms of award agreements for use under the 2022 Plan, determine the terms and conditions of awards (including, but not limited to, the exercise price, the time or times at which awards may be exercised, any vesting acceleration or waiver or forfeiture restrictions and any restriction or limitation regarding any award or the shares relating thereto), construe and interpret the terms of the 2022 Plan and awards granted under it, prescribe, amend and rescind rules and regulations relating to the 2022 Plan, including creating sub-plans, modify or amend each award, and allow a participant to defer the receipt of payment of cash or the delivery of shares that otherwise would be due to such participant under an award. The administrator has the power, to the extent permitted by applicable laws, to delegate functions to subcommittees comprised of members of our board of directors or other individuals satisfying applicable laws (which may include employees). Without obtaining the consent of the applicable participant or approval by our shareholders, the administrator also has the authority to allow participants the opportunity under an exchange program to transfer outstanding awards granted under the 2022 Plan to a financial institution or other person or entity selected by the administrator, and to institute an exchange program by which outstanding awards granted under the 2022 Plan may be surrendered or cancelled in exchange for awards of the same type, which may have a higher or lower exercise price and/or different terms, awards of a different type and/or cash, or by which the exercise price of an outstanding award granted under the 2022 Plan is increased or reduced. The administrator’s decisions, interpretations and other actions will be final and binding on all participants and other parties and will be given the maximum deference permitted by applicable law.
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Stock Options. Stock options may be granted under the 2022 Plan. Except with respect to substitute awards granted in connection with certain corporate transactions, the per share exercise price of options granted under the 2022 Plan must be equal to at least 100% of the fair market value of a Gogoro Ordinary Share on the date of grant. The term of an option may not exceed ten years. With respect to any participant who owns more than 10% of the voting power of all classes of our (or any of its parents’ or subsidiaries’) outstanding shares, the term of an incentive stock option granted to such participant must not exceed five years and the per share exercise price must equal at least 110% of the fair market value of a Gogoro Ordinary Share on the grant date. The administrator will determine the methods of payment of the exercise price of an option, which may include cash, Gogoro Ordinary Shares or other shares of another class of our Ordinary Shares, cashless exercise, net exercise, as well as other types of consideration permitted by applicable law. After the cessation of service of an employee, director or consultant, he or she may exercise his or her option for the period of time stated in his or her option agreement. In the absence of a specified time in an award agreement, if such cessation is due to death or disability, the vested portion of the option will remain exercisable for six months. In all other cases, other than the cessation of service due to termination for “cause” (as defined in our 2022 Plan), in the absence of a specified time in an award agreement, the vested portion of the option will remain exercisable for three months following the cessation of service. Unless otherwise provided by the administrator, both the vested and unvested portion of the option will immediately expire upon the cessation of service due to termination for “cause.” An option, however, may not be exercised later than the expiration of its term. Subject to the provisions of the 2022 Plan, the administrator determines the terms of options. Until the Gogoro Ordinary Shares are issued (as evidenced by the appropriate entry in the Register of Members of Gogoro or on the books of Gogoro or of our duly authorized transfer agent), the participant will not have any right to vote or receive dividends or have any other rights as a shareholder with respect to such shares, and no adjustment will be made for a dividend or other right for which the record date is before the date such shares are issued, except as provided in the 2022 Plan, as summarized further above. The exercise of any option under the 2022 Plan shall be subject to Gogoro having a sufficient number of authorized shares available to cover such exercise, including that our shareholders shall have approved, in accordance with applicable laws.
Stock Appreciation Rights. Stock appreciation rights may be granted under the 2022 Plan. Stock appreciation rights allow the recipient to receive the appreciation in the fair market value of Gogoro Ordinary Shares between the exercise date and the date of grant. The term of a stock appreciation right may not exceed ten years. After the cessation of service of an employee, director or consultant, he or she may exercise his or her stock appreciation right for the period of time stated in his or her stock appreciation rights agreement. In the absence of a specified time in an award agreement, if such cessation is due to death or disability, the vested stock appreciation rights will remain exercisable for six months following the cessation of service. In all other cases, in the absence of a specified time in an award agreement, the vested stock appreciation rights will remain exercisable for three months following the cessation of service. However, in no event may a stock appreciation right be exercised later than the expiration of its term. Subject to the provisions of the 2022 Plan, the administrator determines the terms of stock appreciation rights, including when such rights become exercisable and whether to pay any increased appreciation in cash or with Gogoro Ordinary Shares, or a combination of both. Except with respect to substitute awards granted in connection with certain corporate transactions, the per share exercise price for the shares to be issued pursuant to the exercise of a stock appreciation right will be no less than 100% of the fair market value per share on the date of grant. Until shares are issued under a stock appreciation right, the participant will not have any right to vote or receive dividends or have any other rights as a shareholder with respect to such shares, and no adjustment will be made for a dividend or other right for which the record date is before the date such shares are issued, except as provided in the 2022 Plan, as summarized further above.
Restricted Stock. Restricted stock may be granted under the 2022 Plan. Restricted stock awards are grants of Gogoro Ordinary Shares that may have vesting requirements under any such terms and conditions established by the administrator. The administrator will determine the number of shares of restricted stock granted to any employee, director or consultant and, subject to the provisions of the 2022 Plan, will determine the terms and conditions of such awards, although the consideration paid by the recipient for the restricted stock will be at least the par value of the shares. The administrator may impose whatever restrictions on transferability, forfeiture provisions or other restrictions or vesting conditions (if any) it determines to be appropriate (for example, the administrator may set restrictions based on the achievement of specific performance goals or continued service to us). The administrator, in its sole discretion, may accelerate the time at which any restrictions will lapse or be removed. The administrator may determine that an award of restricted stock will be fully vested and will not be subject to any period of restriction or other vesting or restriction requirement or provision, and/or that consideration for such award is paid for by past services rendered as a service provider. Recipients of restricted stock awards generally will have voting rights and rights to dividends and other distributions with respect to such shares upon grant, unless the administrator provides otherwise. If such dividends or distributions are paid in shares, the shares will be subject to the same restrictions on transferability and forfeitability as the share of restricted stock with respect to which they were paid. Shares of restricted stock that do not vest are subject to the right of repurchase or forfeiture.
Restricted Stock Units. Restricted stock units may be granted under the 2022 Plan. Each restricted stock unit is a bookkeeping entry representing an amount equal to the fair market value of one Gogoro Ordinary Share. Subject to the provisions of the 2022 Plan, the administrator determines the terms and conditions of restricted stock units, including any vesting criteria and the form and timing of payment, although the consideration paid by the recipient for payment of the restricted stock units will be at least the par value of the shares to be paid to the individual. The administrator may set vesting criteria based upon the achievement of company-wide, divisional, business unit, or individual goals (including, but not limited to, continued employment or service), or any other basis determined by the administrator in its discretion. The administrator, in its sole discretion, may pay earned restricted stock units in the form of cash, shares, or a combination of both. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the administrator, in its sole discretion, may accelerate the time at which any restrictions will lapse or be removed.
Performance Awards. Performance awards may be granted under the 2022 Plan. Performance awards are awards that may be earned in whole or in part on the attainment of performance goals or other vesting criteria that the administrator may determine, and that may be
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denominated in cash or shares. Each performance award will have an initial value that is determined by the administrator. Subject to the terms and conditions of the 2022 Plan, the administrator determines the terms and conditions of performance awards, including any vesting criteria and form and timing of payment. The administrator may set vesting criteria based upon the achievement of company-wide, divisional, business unit, or individual goals (including, but not limited to, continued employment or service) or any other basis determined by the administrator in its discretion. The administrator, in its sole discretion, may pay earned performance awards in the form of cash, shares, or a combination of both, as set forth in the award agreement. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the administrator, in its sole discretion, may accelerate the time at which any restrictions will lapse or be removed.
Non-Employee Directors. All outside (non-employee) directors will be eligible to receive all types of awards (except for incentive stock options) under the 2022 Plan. The 2022 Plan provides that in any given fiscal year of Gogoro, no outside director may be granted any equity awards (including equity awards under the 2022 Plan) (the value of which will be based on their grant date fair value) and be provided any cash retainers for service as an outside director in amounts that, in the aggregate, exceed $750,000, provided that in the our fiscal year of the individual’s initial service as a non-employee director, such amount is increased to $1,000,000. For the purposes of this maximum limit provision, the grant date fair values of awards granted under the 2022 Plan will be determined according to IFRS. Any awards or other compensation provided to an individual for his or her services as an employee or a consultant (other than an outside director), or prior to the Registration Date, will not count toward this limit. This maximum limit provision does not reflect the intended size of any potential grants or a commitment to make grants to the outside directors under the 2022 Plan in the future.
Non-Transferability of Awards. Unless the administrator provides otherwise, the 2022 Plan generally will not allow for the transfer of awards other than by will or the laws of descent and distribution, and only the recipient of an award may exercise an award during his or her lifetime. If the administrator makes an award transferable, such award will contain such additional terms and conditions as the administrator deems appropriate.
Dissolution or Liquidation. If there is a proposed liquidation or dissolution of Gogoro, the administrator will notify participants at such time before the effective date of such event as the administrator determines and all awards, to the extent that they have not been previously exercised, will terminate immediately before the consummation of such event.
Merger or Change in Control. The 2022 Plan will provide that in the event of a merger of Gogoro with or into another corporation or entity or a “change in control” (as defined in the 2022 Plan), each outstanding award will be treated as the administrator (as constituted prior to the merger or change in control) determines, without a participant’s consent. The administrator may provide that awards granted under the 2022 Plan will be assumed or substituted by substantially equivalent awards, be terminated immediately before the merger or change in control, become vested and exercisable or payable and be terminated in connection with the merger or change in control, be terminated in exchange for cash, other property or other consideration, or any combination of the above. The administrator is not required to treat all awards, all awards held by a participant, all portions of awards, or all awards of the same type, similarly.
If a successor corporation does not so assume or substitute a substantially equivalent award for any outstanding award (or a portion of such award), then such award (or its applicable portion) will fully vest, all restrictions on such award (or its applicable portion) will lapse, all performance goals or other vesting criteria applicable to such award (or its applicable portion) will be deemed achieved at 100% of target levels and such award (or its applicable portion) will become fully exercisable, if applicable, for a specified period before the transaction, unless specifically provided otherwise under the applicable award agreement or other written agreement with the participant authorized by the administrator. The award (or its applicable portion) will then terminate upon the expiration of the specified period of time. If an option or stock appreciation right is not assumed or substituted, the administrator will notify the participant that such option or stock appreciation right will be exercisable for a period of time determined by the administrator in its sole discretion and the option or stock appreciation right will terminate upon the expiration of such period.
With respect to awards granted to an outside director while such individual was an outside director that, in the event of a change in control, the non-employee director will fully vest in and have the right to exercise his or her options and/or stock appreciation rights, all restrictions on his or her restricted stock and restricted stock units will lapse, and, with respect to awards with performance-based vesting, all performance goals or other vesting criteria will be deemed achieved at 100% of target levels and all other terms and conditions met, unless specifically provided otherwise under the applicable award agreement or other written agreement with the participant.
Forfeiture and Clawback. Awards will be subject to any clawback policy adopted by Gogoro and in effect as of the date of grant or any clawback policy of which we are required to adopt pursuant to the listing standards of any national securities exchange or association on which our securities are listed or as is otherwise required by applicable laws. The administrator also may specify in an award agreement that the participant’s rights, payments and benefits with respect to an award will be subject to reduction, cancellation, forfeiture, recoupment, reimbursement, or reacquisition upon the occurrence of certain specified events. The administrator may require a participant to forfeit or return to us or reimburse us for all or a portion of the award and any amounts paid under the award in order to comply with any clawback policy of Gogoro as described in the first sentence of this paragraph or with applicable laws.
Amendment or Termination. The 2022 Plan became effective immediately prior to the closing of the Business Combination. The 2022 Plan will continue in effect until terminated by the administrator. However, no incentive stock options may be granted after the ten-year anniversary of the earlier of the adoption of the 2022 Plan by our board of directors or the approval of the 2022 Plan by our shareholders, and the evergreen feature of the 2022 Plan will terminate on the ten-year anniversary of the earlier of the adoption of the 2022 Plan by our board of directors or the approval of the 2022 Plan by our shareholders. In addition, the administrator has the authority
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to amend, suspend, or terminate the 2022 Plan or any part of the 2022 Plan, at any time and for any reason, but such action generally may not materially impair the rights of any participant without his or her written consent.
2019 Equity Incentive Award Plan
Our 2019 Equity Incentive Award Plan, or our 2019 Plan was originally adopted by our board of directors in September 2019. Our 2019 Plan allows us to provide incentive stock options, within the meaning of Section 422 of the U.S. Internal Revenue Code, nonstatutory stock options and restricted stock awards (each, an “award” and the recipient of such award, a “participant”) to eligible employees of Gogoro Inc. or our subsidiaries. The 2019 Plan was terminated in connection with the Business Combination, and we will not grant any additional awards under our 2019 Plan. However, our 2019 Plan will continue to govern the terms and conditions of the outstanding awards previously granted under our 2019 Plan.
As of December 31, 2022, the following awards were outstanding under our 2019 Plan: restricted stock awards covering 5,569,482 of our ordinary shares.
Plan Administration. Our 2019 Plan is administered by our board of directors or one or more of our officers designated by our board of directors to grant awards to employees within parameters specified by our board of directors (in either case, the administrator). The administrator shall have the power to make all determinations deemed necessary or advisable for administering our 2019 Plan.
Eligibility. Awards may be granted to our employees and employees of our subsidiaries and our affiliates, provided that only U.S. employees are eligible to receive incentive stock options.
Restricted Stock. We have granted restricted stock awards under our 2019 Plan. Restricted stock awards are grants of our ordinary shares that may be subject to various restrictions, including restrictions on transferability and forfeiture provisions. Subject to the terms of our 2019 Plan, the administrator will determine the number of shares of restricted stock granted and other terms and conditions of such awards, which terms and conditions will be set forth in an award agreement. An award agreement may grant us a repurchase option exercisable upon the termination of a participant’s employment for any reason at a purchase price equal to the original purchase price per share paid by the purchaser to us for such shares, which repurchase option will lapse pursuant to terms set forth by the administrator. Once restricted stock is purchased or received, participants will have the rights equivalent to those of a holder of shares. No adjustment will be made for a dividend or other right for which the record date is prior to the date the restricted stock is purchased, except as otherwise provided in our 2019 Plan.
Non-Transferability of Awards. Awards may not be transferred, assigned, pledged, donated or otherwise disposed of in any manner, other than with respect to options by the laws of wills and descent.
Changes in Capitalization. Subject to any action required by applicable laws, (i) the numbers and class of shares or other stock or securities available for future award and covered by each outstanding award, (ii) the exercise price per share applicable to each option, and (iii) any repurchase price to shares issued pursuant to any award, will be automatically proportionately adjusted in the event of a consolidation, subdivision, bonus issue or reclassification of our ordinary shares. Additionally, in the event of any increase or decrease in the number of issued shares effected without receipt of consideration by us, a declaration of an extraordinary dividend with respect to the shares payable in a form other than shares in an amount that has a material effect on the fair market value, a recapitalization, a rights offering, a reorganization, consolidation, merger, a spin-off, split-up, change in corporate structure or a similar occurrence, the administrator will make appropriate adjustments, to items (i) through (iii) set forth in the immediately preceding sentence. Any such adjustment by the administrator will be final, binding and conclusive.
Dissolution or Liquidation. In the event of our dissolution or liquidation, each award will terminate immediately prior to the consummation of such action, unless otherwise provided by the administrator.
Corporate Transactions. In the event of a corporate transaction (as defined in our 2019 Plan), each outstanding award (vested or unvested) will be treated as the administrator determines. The administrator’s determination may be made without the consent of any participant and need not treat all outstanding awards (or portion thereof) in an identical manner. Such determination may provide for one or more of the following in the event of a Corporate Transaction: (A) the continuation of outstanding awards by us; (B) the assumption of such outstanding awards by the surviving corporation or its parent; or (C) the substitution by the surviving corporation or its parent of new options or equity awards for such awards.
Amendment and Termination. Our board of directors may, at any time, terminate or amend our 2019 Plan. No amendment or termination of our 2019 Plan will materially and adversely affect the rights of a participant, without the consent of such participant. The 2019 Plan was terminated in connection with the Business Combination and we will not grant any additional awards under our 2019 Plan.
Share-based Awards Held by Our Directors and Officers
As of February 28, 2023, RSUs which represent 3,598,745 underlying Gogoro Ordinary Shares and options which represent 4,842,250 underlying Gogoro Ordinary Shares were outstanding (which do not include the Gogoro Ordinary Shares underlying the vested RSUs). The following table summarizes the unvested restricted shares and outstanding RSUs and options held as of February 28, 2023 by our directors and executive officers, as well as by their affiliates, under our equity incentive plans.
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| Name of Beneficial Owner | Number of unvested Restricted Shares | Number of outstanding RSUs/options granted | Exercise price (per option granted) | Shares underlying outstanding RSUs/options granted | Date of grant | Date of Expiration | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Horace Luke | 8,529,028 | Before April 4, 2022 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 400,000 | (1) | 400,000 | August 18, 2022 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1,800,000 | (2) | $ | 5.20 | 1,800,000 | August 18, 2022 | August 17, 2032 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Bruce Aitken | * | Before April 4, 2022 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| * | (1) | * | August 18, 2022 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| * | (2) | $ | 5.20 | * | August 18, 2022 | August 17, 2032 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ming-I Peng | * | Before April 4, 2022 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| * | (1) | * | August 18, 2022 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| * | (2) | $ | 5.20 | * | August 18, 2022 | August 17, 2032 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Alan Pan | * | Before April 4, 2022 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| * | (1) | * | August 18, 2022 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| * | (2) | $ | 5.20 | * | August 18, 2022 | August 17, 2032 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Pass Liao | * | Before April 4, 2022 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| * | (1) | * | August 18, 2022 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| * | (2) | $ | 5.20 | * | August 18, 2022 | August 17, 2032 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Michael R. Splinter | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Yoshihiko Yamada | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Hui-Ming Cheng | * | Before April 4, 2022 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Homer Sun | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
* Less than one percent (1%) of Gogoro Ordinary Shares.
(1) Represents RSUs.
(2) Represent options.
Insurance and Indemnification
To the extent permitted under Cayman law, we are empowered to indemnify our directors against any liability they incur by reason of their directorship. We have obtained directors’ and officers’ insurance to insure such persons against certain liabilities. Insofar as indemnification of liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted to our board, executive officers or persons controlling us pursuant to the foregoing provisions, we have been informed that, in the opinion of the SEC, such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is therefore unenforceable.
C. Board Practices
Board Composition
The primary responsibilities of our board of directors are to provide oversight, strategic guidance, counseling and directions to our management. We have seven directors on our board of directors. Horace Luke serves as Chairman of our board of directors. The board of directors meets on a regular basis and additionally as required.
We have a staggered board that consists of directors grouped into three classes and each class serving a three-year term:
▪Class I, which consists of Horace Luke and Ming-Shan Lee, whose term will expire at our 2023 annual meeting of shareholders.
▪Class II, which consists of Chung-Yao Yin and Hui-Ming Cheng, whose term will expire at our 2024 annual meeting of shareholders.
▪Class III, which consists of Michael Splinter, Yoshihiko Yamada and Homer Sun, whose term will expire at our 2025 annual meeting of shareholders.
The classification of our board of directors may contribute to prevent changes in our control or management.
None of our non-executive directors has a service contract with us that provides for benefits upon termination of service.
Director Independence
Based on information provided by each director concerning his or her background, employment and affiliations, our board of directors has determined that each of Chung-Yao Yin, Michael R. Splinter, Yoshihiko Yamada, Hui-Ming Cheng, Ming-Shan Lee and Homer Sun qualify as independent as defined under the listing rules of Nasdaq and meet the criteria for independence set forth in Rule
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10A-3 of the Exchange Act. In addition, we are subject to the rules of the SEC and Nasdaq relating to the memberships, qualifications and operations of the audit committee and compensation committee, as discussed below.
Board Oversight of Risk
One of the core functions of our board of directors is to be informed oversight of our risk management process. We do not have a standing risk management committee, but rather administer this oversight function directly through our board of directors as a whole, as well as through various standing committees of our board of directors that address risks inherent in their respective areas of oversight.
Committees of the Board of Directors
Our board of directors has established an audit committee, a compensation committee, and a nominating and corporate governance committee, and adopted a charter for each of the committees, which comply with the applicable requirements of current Nasdaq rules. The charter of each committee is available on our website.
Audit Committee
Hui-Ming Cheng, Yoshihiko Yamada and Ming-Shan Lee serves as members of the audit committee. Each member is “independent” in accordance with applicable law, including the rules of Nasdaq and the more rigorous SEC independence requirements for audit committee members set forth in Rule 10A-3 under the Exchange Act, as determined by our board of directors after consideration of all factors determined to be relevant rules and regulations of Nasdaq and the SEC. Each member of the audit committee can read and understand fundamental financial statements in accordance with Nasdaq audit committee requirements.
Hui-Ming Cheng serves as chair of the audit committee. Each member of the audit committee meets the financial literacy requirements of Nasdaq listing standards, and our board of directors has determined that Hui-Ming Cheng qualifies as an “audit committee financial expert” as defined in applicable SEC rules.
The purpose of the audit committee is to assist our board of directors in overseeing and monitoring:
▪the quality and integrity of our financial statements,
▪internal control over financial reporting and disclosure controls and procedures
▪our compliance with legal and regulatory requirements,
▪our independent registered public accounting firm’s qualifications and independence,
▪the performance of our internal audit function, and
▪the performance of our independent registered public accounting firm.
Compensation Committee
Michael R. Splinter and Yoshihiko Yamada serve as members of our compensation committee. Under the Nasdaq listing standards and applicable SEC rules, we are required to have at least two (2) members of the compensation committee, all of whom must be independent. Michael R. Splinter and Yoshihiko Yamada are deemed to be independent by our board of directors. Michael R. Splinter serves as chair of the compensation committee.
The purpose of the compensation committee is to assist our board of directors in discharging its responsibilities relating to:
•reviewing and approving our compensation program and compensation of our executive officers and directors,
•monitoring our incentive and equity-based compensation plans,
•preparing the compensation committee report under the rules and regulations of the SEC, and
•reviewing and evaluating on an annual basis the performance of the compensation committee and recommending such changes as deemed necessary with our board of directors.
Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee
Chung-Yao Yin and Hui-Ming Cheng serve on our nominating and corporate governance committee. Chung-Yao Yin serves as chair of the nominating and corporate governance committee.
The primary purpose of our nominating and corporate governance committee is to assist our board of directors in:
•Screen and recommend individuals to be elected by our board of directors to fill vacancies and newly created directorships, and the nominees to be elected as directors at any meeting of shareholders, based on, among other things, their independence, character, ability to exercise sound judgment, diversity, age, demonstrated leadership, and relevant skills and experience, including financial literacy, and experience in the context of the needs of our board of directors. The nominating and corporate governance committee is committed to actively seeking out highly qualified women and individuals from minority groups to include in the pool from which board candidates are chosen,
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•identifying individuals qualified to become new board of directors members, consistent with criteria approved by the board of directors,
•reviewing the qualifications of incumbent directors to determine whether to recommend them for reelection and selecting, or recommending that the board of directors select, the director nominees for the next annual meeting of shareholders,
•identifying members of the board of directors qualified to fill vacancies on any board of directors committee and recommending that the board of directors appoint the identified member or members to the applicable committee,
•reviewing and recommending to the board of directors corporate governance principles applicable to us,
•overseeing the evaluation of the board of directors and management and
•handling such other matters that are specifically delegated to the committee by the board of directors from time to time.
Director Nominations
Our nominating and corporate governance committee will screen and recommend to the board of director candidates for nomination for election at the annual meeting of the shareholders. The board of directors will also consider director candidates recommended for nomination by our shareholders during such times as they are seeking proposed nominees to stand for election at the next annual meeting of shareholders (or, if applicable, a special meeting of shareholders). Our shareholders that wish to nominate a director for election to our board of directors should follow the procedures set forth in our amended and restated memorandum and articles of association.
In general, in identifying and evaluating nominees for director, our board of directors considers educational background, diversity of professional experience, knowledge of our business, integrity, professional reputation, independence, character, and the ability to exercise sound judgement, and relevant skills and experience, including financial literacy, and experience in the context of the needs of the board of directors.
Corporate Governance Guidelines
Our board of directors has adopted corporate governance guidelines in accordance with the corporate governance rules of Nasdaq that serve as a flexible framework within which our board of directors and its committees operate. These guidelines cover a number of areas including board membership criteria and director qualifications, director independence, director responsibilities, roles of the Chair of our board of directors and Chief Executive Officer, meetings of independent directors, committee responsibilities and assignments, board member access to management and independent advisors, director communications with third parties, director compensation, director orientation and continuing education, evaluation of senior management and management succession planning. A copy of our corporate governance guidelines is posted on our website.
D. Employees
We employ engineers engaged in research and development, professionals dedicated to consumer sales, support, marketing and services, technicians dedicated in production and manufacturing, and personnel served in general and administrative. Our human capital resources objectives include identifying, recruiting, retaining, incentivizing, and integrating our existing and new employees, advisors and consultants. We believed that Gogoro management establishes a good working partnership with employees and we have not experienced any significant labor disputes. The following table provides our average number of employees by function in 2022, 2021, and 2020, respectively.
| December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Consumer sales, support, marketing and services | 457 | 456 | 524 | |||||||||||||||||
| General and administrative | 179 | 183 | 193 | |||||||||||||||||
| Production and manufacturing | 967 | 954 | 1,111 | |||||||||||||||||
| Research and development | 445 | 428 | 450 | |||||||||||||||||
| Total | 2,048 | 2,021 | 2,278 | |||||||||||||||||
E. Share Ownership
Except as specifically noted, the following table sets forth information with respect to the beneficial ownership of our ordinary shares as of February 28, 2023 with respect to:
•each of our directors and executive officers;
•each person known to us to own beneficially more than 5% of our ordinary shares; and
•all of our directors and officers as a group.
The number of ordinary shares beneficially owned by each entity, person, executive officer or director is determined in accordance with the rules of the SEC, and the information is not necessarily indicative of beneficial ownership for any other purpose. Under such rules, beneficial ownership includes any ordinary shares over which the individual has sole or shared voting power or investment power
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as well as any ordinary shares that the individual has the right to acquire within 60 days from February 28, 2023 through the exercise of any option, warrant or other right. Except as otherwise indicated, and subject to applicable community property laws, we believe that the persons named in the table have sole voting and investment power with respect to all ordinary shares held by that person based on information provided to us by such person. This table is based on information supplied by our directors and officers and by Schedules 13D and 13G filed with the SEC, as indicated in the table footnotes.
Based on 244,195,234 Gogoro Ordinary Shares issued and outstanding as of February 28, 2023, adjusted for each beneficial owner’s options and warrants held by that person that are exercisable or will be exercisable within 60 days from February 28, 2023.
Unless otherwise noted, the business address of each of the following beneficial owners is 11F, Building C, No. 225, Section 2, Chang’an E. Rd. SongShan District, Taipei City 105, Taiwan.
| Name of Beneficial Owner | Gogoro Ordinary Shares | Percentage | ||||||||||||
| All 5% or Greater Shareholders | ||||||||||||||
Gold Sino Assets Limited(1) | 52,717,063 | 21.6 | % | |||||||||||
Far Eastern International Bank(2) | 12,250,044 | 5.0 | % | |||||||||||
| Director and Executive Officers | ||||||||||||||
Horace Luke(3) | 13,557,040 | 5.5 | % | |||||||||||
| Bruce Aitken | * | * | ||||||||||||
| Ming-I Peng | * | * | ||||||||||||
| Alan Pan | * | * | ||||||||||||
| Pass Liao | * | * | ||||||||||||
| Michael R. Splinter | * | * | ||||||||||||
| Yoshihiko Yamada | * | * | ||||||||||||
| Hui-Ming Cheng | * | * | ||||||||||||
| Ming-Shan Lee (Sam) | * | * | ||||||||||||
Homer Sun(4) | 7,268,774 | 2.9 | % | |||||||||||
| Chung-Yao Yin | 9,890,764 | 4.1 | % | |||||||||||
| All executive officers and directors as a group (11 persons) | 32,478,925 | 13.0 | % | |||||||||||
________________________________________
*Less than one percent (1%) of Gogoro Ordinary Shares.
(1) Consists of Gogoro Ordinary Shares held by Gold Sino Assets Limited. The address of Gold Sino Assets Limited is Vistra Corporate Services Centre Ground Floor, NPF Building Beach Road Apia Samoa.
(2) Consists of Gogoro Ordinary Shares held by Far Eastern International Bank in its capacity as master custodian of Fuh Hwa Smart Energy Fund. The address of Far Eastern International Bank is 20F., No. 207, Sec. 2, Dunhua S. Rd., Da’an Dist., Taipei 106, Taiwan.
(3) Consists of (i) 3,938,801 Ordinary Shares held by Innovative Creations LLC, (ii) 1,969,401 Ordinary Shares held by Polymath Limited, (iii) 1,969,401 Ordinary Shares held by Joy Billion Holdings Limited, (iv) 228,071 Ordinary Shares held by Mr. Luke, (v) 638,888 Ordinary Shares held by Ms. Nine, (vi) 1,969,401 Ordinary Shares that are vesting within 60 days from February 28, 2023 pursuant to the terms of the restricted shares held by Innovative Creations LLC, (vii) 984,701 Ordinary Shares that are vesting within 60 days from February 28, 2023 pursuant to the terms of the restricted shares held by Polymath Limited, (viii) 984,701 Ordinary Shares that are vesting within 60 days from February 28, 2023 pursuant to the terms of the restricted shares held by Joy Billion Holdings Limited, (ix) 2,189 Ordinary Shares that are vesting within 60 days from February 28, 2023 pursuant to the terms of the restricted shares held by Mr. Luke, (x) 100,000 Ordinary Shares that are vesting within 60 days from February 28, 2023 pursuant to the terms of the RSUs held by Mr. Luke, (xi) 321,486 Ordinary Shares that are vesting within 60 days from February 28, 2023 pursuant to the terms of the restricted shares held by Ms. Nine and (xii) 450,000 Ordinary Shares that Mr. Luke has the right to acquire within 60 days from February 28, 2023 pursuant to the terms of the share options by him. Innovative Creations LLC is wholly owned by Mr. Luke, who is deemed to be the beneficial owner of the shares held by Innovative Creations LLC. Polymath Limited and Joy Billion Holdings Limited are wholly owned by Ms. Nine, who is deemed to be the beneficial owner of the shares held by Polymath Limited and Joy Billion Holdings Limited. Ms. Nine is the domestic partner of Mr. Luke. Until the vesting of the restricted shares described above, holders thereof do not have voting or dispositive power over such restricted shares. The address of Innovative Creations LLC is 8 the Green, Suite A, Dover, Delaware 19901. The address of both Polymath Limited and Joy Billion Holdings Limited is Portcullis (Samoa) Ltd at Portcullis Chambers, P.O. Box 1225, Apia, Samoa.
(4) Consists of (i) 3,321,274 Gogoro Ordinary Shares held by Mr. Sun, (ii) 187,500 Gogoro Ordinary Shares held by Mr. Sun’s spouse, and (iii) 3,760,000 Gogoro Ordinary Shares issuable upon the exercise of private placement warrants held by Mr. Sun for an exercise price of $11.50, exercisable within 60 days from February 28, 2023.
For a description of arrangements involving employees in the capital of Gogoro, see “—B. Compensation of Directors and Executive Officers—Equity Incentive Plans.”
F. Disclosure of a registrant’s action to recover erroneously awarded compensation
Not Applicable.
ITEM 7. MAJOR SHAREHOLDERS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
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A. Major Shareholders
See “Item 6. Directors, Senior Management and Employees—E. Share Ownership.” There are no arrangements known to us the operation of which may at a subsequent date result in a change of control of Gogoro.
B. Related Party Transactions
Our board of directors has adopted a related party transaction policy requiring that all material related party transactions required to be disclosed by a foreign private issuer pursuant to the Exchange Act be approved by the audit committee or another independent body of our board of directors.
Agreements Related to the Business Combination
In connection with, and pursuant to, the Merger Agreement, certain agreements were entered into between Gogoro, Poema Global and certain related parties following the Business Combination. These agreements include:
Gogoro Shareholder Lock-Up Agreements: Gogoro, Poema Global and certain Gogoro shareholders have entered into certain lock-up agreements, dated September 16, 2021. Pursuant to such lock-up agreements, each such Gogoro shareholder agreed not to transfer the following securities during the applicable lock-up period, subject to customary exceptions:
I.any Gogoro Ordinary Shares held by such shareholder immediately after the closing of the Business Combination,
II.any Gogoro Ordinary Shares issuable upon the exercise of options or warrants to purchase Gogoro Ordinary Shares held by such Gogoro shareholder immediately after the closing of the Business Combination (along with such options or warrants themselves),
III.any Gogoro Ordinary Shares acquirable upon the conversion, exercise or exchange of any securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for Gogoro Ordinary Shares held by such Gogoro shareholder immediately after the First Effective Time (as defined in the Merger Agreement) (along with such securities themselves), and
IV.any Earnout Shares (as defined in the Merger Agreement) to the extent issued pursuant to the Merger Agreement.
We refer to such Gogoro Ordinary Shares, options, warrants and securities as set forth in paragraphs (I) through (IV) as the “Locked-Up Shares.”
For each Gogoro shareholder who is not a member of Gogoro’s management (as defined therein), the applicable lock-up period will be (i) with respect to 50% of such shareholder’s Locked-Up Shares, six months from and after the Closing Date, and (ii) with respect to 50% of such shareholder’s Locked-Up Shares, 12 months from and after the Closing Date. For each Gogoro shareholder who is a member of Gogoro’s management, the applicable lock-up period will be 12 months from and after the Closing Date.
The lock-up requirements will cease to apply after the date on which the closing price of the Gogoro Ordinary Shares equals or exceeds $17.50 per share for any twenty trading days within any consecutive thirty trading day period after the Closing Date.
Registration Rights Agreement: Gogoro, the Sponsor and certain shareholders of Gogoro entered into a registration rights agreement, dated as of April 4, 2022. Pursuant to such registration rights agreement, we agreed to file a registration statement as soon as practicable upon receipt of a request from certain shareholders to register the resale of certain registrable securities under the Securities Act, subject to required notice provisions to other parties thereto. We have also agreed to provide customary “piggyback” registration rights with respect to such registrable securities and, subject to certain circumstances, to file a resale shelf registration statement to register the resale under the Securities Act of such registrable securities.
The registration rights agreement also provides that we will pay certain expenses relating to such registrations and indemnify the securityholders against certain liabilities. The rights granted under the registration rights agreement supersede any prior registration, qualification or similar rights of the parties with respect to their Gogoro securities or Poema Global securities.
Subscription Agreements: Certain investors have entered into the Subscription Agreements pursuant to which they purchased Gogoro Ordinary Shares at $10.00 per share for an aggregate purchase price of $294,820,000. The investors included existing shareholders or affiliates of Gogoro or the Sponsor and various strategic partners.
We have agreed, within 30 calendar days of the Closing Date to file with the SEC a registration statement registering the resale of such Gogoro Ordinary Shares and will use commercially reasonable efforts to have such registration statement declared effective as soon as practicable after the filing thereof, but in any event no later than the earlier of (1) 90 calendar days (or 120 calendar days if the SEC notifies us that it will “review” the registration statement) following the Closing Date and (ii) the tenth (10th) business day after the date we are notified (in writing) by the SEC that the registration statement will not be “reviewed” or will not be subject to further review.
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Sponsor Support Agreement: Concurrently with the execution and delivery of the Merger Agreement, Gogoro, Poema Global and the Sponsor entered into the Sponsor Support Agreement. Pursuant to the Sponsor Support Agreement, the Sponsor agreed to, among other things:
I.attend any Poema Global shareholder meeting to establish a quorum for the purpose of approving Poema Global’s transaction proposals;
II.vote or cause to be voted (including by class vote and/or written consent, if applicable) Poema Global Class B Shares, Poema Global Class A Shares underlying Poema Global Warrants or any other Poema Global securities acquired by Sponsor (collectively, the “Sponsor Subject Shares”) in favor of the Poema Global’s transaction proposals, including the approval of the Merger Agreement and the transactions contemplated thereby; and
III.vote all Sponsor Subject Shares against (A) any merger, business combination or other similar transaction other than the Transactions (an “Alternative Transaction Proposal”) involving Poema Global, (B) allowing Poema Global to execute or enter into, any agreement related to any such Alternative Transaction Proposal, and (C) entering into any agreement, or agreement in principle requiring Poema Global to impede, abandon, terminate or fail to consummate the transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement or breach its obligations thereunder, which, in each of cases (A) and (C), would be reasonably likely to in any material respect impede, interfere with, delay or attempt to discourage, frustrate the purposes of, result in a breach by Poema Global of, prevent or nullify any provision of the Merger Agreement or any other Transaction Agreement, the Mergers or any other Transaction or change in any manner the voting rights of any class of Poema Global’s share capital.
Pursuant to the Sponsor Support Agreement, the Sponsor also agreed not to, directly or indirectly, transfer any Gogoro Ordinary Shares held by it immediately after the First Effective Time (other than the Sponsor Earn-in Shares (as defined below)) during a period of six months from and after the Closing Date, subject to customary exceptions. The lock-up requirements will cease to apply after the date on which the closing price of the Gogoro Ordinary Shares equals or exceeds $17.50 per share for any twenty trading days within any consecutive thirty trading day period after the Closing Date. “Transfer” means (a) sell, offer to sell, contract or agree to sell, hypothecate, pledge, grant any option, right or warrant to purchase or otherwise transfer, dispose of or agree to transfer or dispose of, directly or indirectly, or establish or increase a put equivalent position or liquidate or decrease a call equivalent position within the meaning of Section 16 of the Exchange Act, and the rules and regulations of the SEC promulgated thereunder, with respect to any Subject Share, (b) enter into any swap or other arrangement that transfers to another, in whole or in part, any of the economic consequences of ownership of any Subject Shares, whether any such transaction is to be settled by delivery of such securities, in cash or otherwise, or (c) publicly announce any intention to effect any transaction specified in clause (a) or (b).
The Sponsor Support Agreement also provides that 6,393,750 of the Gogoro Ordinary Shares held by Sponsor immediately after the First Effective Time shall become unvested and subject to forfeiture. We refer to such shares as “Sponsor Earn-in Shares.” Subject to the terms and conditions contemplated by the Sponsor Support Agreement, one-third of the Sponsor Earn-in Shares will vest upon the occurrence of an Earnout Event during the Earnout Period. In the event that after the Closing and prior to the expiration of the Earnout Period, there is an Acceleration Event, then any Sponsor Earn-In Shares that have not previously vested shall vest upon such Acceleration Event, provided that in the case of an Acceleration Event that is a Change of Control, (x) if the value of the consideration to be received by the holders of the Gogoro Ordinary Shares for each Gogoro Ordinary Share in such Change of Control transaction (the “Change of Control Price”) is less than $15.00, none of Sponsor Earn-In Shares shall vest; (y) if the Change of Control Price equals or exceeds $15.00 but less than $17.50, an aggregate of one-third of the Sponsor Earn-In Shares (including those vested before the Change of Control) shall vest, and (z) if the Change of Control Price equals or exceeds $17.50 but less than $20.00, an aggregate of two-third of the Sponsor Earn-In Shares (including those vested before the Change of Control) shall vest, in each case, the determinations of such consideration and value shall be determined in good faith by the disinterested members of the board of directors. Any Sponsor Earn-in Shares, to the extent not vested upon expiration of the Earnout Period, shall be forfeited by Sponsor to Gogoro for no consideration. The Sponsor shall surrender such forfeited Sponsor Earn-in Shares to Gogoro and such Sponsor Earn-in Shares will then be cancelled.
“Acceleration Event” means (i) a Change of Control (or a definitive agreement providing for a Change of Control has been entered into prior to the expiration of the Earnout Period and such Change of Control is ultimately consummated, even if such consummation occurs after the expiration of the Earnout Period), (ii) any liquidation, dissolution or winding up of Gogoro (whether voluntary of involuntary) is initiated, (iii) any bankruptcy, reorganization, debt arrangement or similar proceeding under any bankruptcy, insolvency or similar law, or any dissolution or liquidation proceeding, is instituted by or against Gogoro, or a receiver is appointed for Gogoro or a substantial part of its assets or properties or (iv) Gogoro makes an assignment for the benefit of creditors, or petitions or applies to any Governmental Authority for, or consents or acquiesces to, the appointment of a custodian, receiver or trustee for all or substantially all of its assets or properties.
“Change of Control” means any of the following events: (a) any transaction or series of transactions the result of which is: (i) the acquisition by any Person or “group” (as defined in the Exchange Act) of Persons of direct or indirect beneficial ownership of securities representing 50% or more of the combined voting power of the then outstanding securities of Gogoro; (ii) a merger, consolidation, reorganization or other business combination, however effected, resulting in any Person or “group” (as defined in the Exchange Act) acquiring at least 50% of the combined voting power of the then outstanding securities of Gogoro or the surviving Person outstanding immediately after such combination; or (iii) a sale of at least a majority of the assets of Gogoro and its subsidiaries, taken as a whole or (b) the following individuals cease for any reason to constitute a majority of the number of directors of Gogoro then serving: individuals who, on the Closing Date, constitute the board of directors and any new director whose appointment or election by the board of directors
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or nomination for election by Gogoro’s shareholders was approved or recommended by a vote of at least a majority of the directors then still in office who either were members of the board of directors on the Closing Date or whose appointment, election or nomination for election was previously so approved or recommended by the directors referred to in this clause (b).
C. Interests of Experts and Counsel
Not applicable.
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ITEM 8. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
A. Consolidated Statements and Other Financial Information
We have appended consolidated financial statements filed as part of this annual report, see “Item 18. Financial Statements.”
Legal Proceedings
We are a party to various lawsuits, claims, regulatory investigations and other legal proceedings that arise in the ordinary course of our business. While the outcomes of these matters are uncertain, management does not expect that the ultimate costs to resolve these matters will have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
Dividend Policy
The payment of dividends is at the discretion of our board of directors, subject to our amended and restated memorandum and articles of association. The payment of cash dividends in the future will depend upon such factors as earnings levels, capital requirements, contractual restrictions, our overall financial condition, available distributable reserves and any other factors deemed relevant by our board of directors.
We currently intend to retain our earnings for use in business operations and accordingly, it is not anticipated that our board of directors will declare dividends in the foreseeable future.
We are a holding company incorporated in the Cayman Islands, and may rely on dividends and other distributions of equity paid by our subsidiaries for our cash and financing requirements. Taiwan regulations may restrict the ability of our Taiwan subsidiaries to pay dividends to us. See “Item 3. Key Information—D. Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in Taiwan—Our Taiwan subsidiaries are subject to restrictions on paying dividend or making other payments to us, which may restrict our ability to satisfy its liquidity requirements.”
B. Significant Changes
Except as disclosed elsewhere in this annual report, we have not experienced any significant changes since the date of our audited consolidated financial statements included in this annual report.
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ITEM 9. THE OFFER AND LISTING
A. Offering and Listing Details
See “—C. Markets.”
B. Plan of Distribution
Not applicable.
C. Markets
Our ordinary shares and Public Warrants are listed on the Nasdaq Global Select Market under the symbols “GGR” and “GGROW”, respectively.
D. Selling Shareholders
Not applicable.
E. Dilution
Not applicable.
F. Expenses of the Issue
Not applicable.
ITEM 10. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
A. Share Capital
Not applicable.
B. Memorandum and Articles of Association
The information required to be disclosed under Item 10.B is incorporated by reference to the following section of the final prospectus dated March 17, 2022, as supplemented by Supplement No. 1 to the final prospectus dated March 21, 2022, that forms a part of our registration statement on Form F-4 (File No. 333-261181), which was declared effective by the SEC on March 17, 2022: “Description of Gogoro’s Share Capital and Articles of Association.”
C. Material Contracts
We have not entered into any material contracts other than in the ordinary course of business and other than those described in “Item 4. Information on the Company,” “Item 7. Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions—B. Related Party Transactions” or elsewhere in this annual report.
D. Exchange Controls
Exchange Controls in the Cayman Islands
Under the laws of the Cayman Islands, there are currently no restrictions on the export or import of capital, including foreign exchange controls or restrictions that affect the remittance of dividends, interest or other payments to nonresident holders of our ordinary shares.
Exchange Controls in the Taiwan
The Taiwan government’s foreign exchange control policies require all foreign exchange transactions must be executed by banks designated to handle such business by the R.O.C. Financial Supervisory Commission and by the Central Bank of the Republic of China (Taiwan). Current regulations favor trade-related foreign exchange transactions. Consequently, foreign currency generated from exports of products and services may now be retained and used freely by exporters, and all foreign currency needed for the importation of products and services may be purchased freely from the designated foreign exchange banks.
E. Taxation
The following discussion of United States federal income tax consequences of an investment in our securities is based upon laws and relevant interpretations thereof in effect as of the date of this annual report, all of which are subject to change or differing interpretation, possibly with retroactive effect. This summary does not deal with all possible tax consequences relating to an investment
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in our securities, such as the tax consequences under U.S. state and local tax laws or under the tax laws of jurisdictions other than the United States.
United States Federal Income Taxation
The following discussion is a summary of certain material U.S. federal income tax considerations of the ownership and disposition of the Gogoro Ordinary Shares. This discussion applies only to U.S. Holders of Gogoro Ordinary Shares that are held as “capital assets” within the meaning of Section 1221 of the U.S. Internal Revenue Code (generally, property held for investment).
The following does not purport to be a complete analysis of all potential tax considerations arising in connection with the acquisition, ownership and disposition of the Gogoro Ordinary Shares. The effects and considerations of other U.S. federal tax laws, such as estate and gift tax laws, alternative minimum tax or Medicare contribution tax considerations and any applicable state, local or non-U.S. tax laws are not discussed. This discussion is based on the U.S. Internal Revenue Code, Treasury Regulations promulgated thereunder, judicial decisions and published rulings and administrative pronouncements of the IRS, in each case in effect as of the date hereof. These authorities may change or be subject to differing interpretations. Any such change or differing interpretation may be applied retroactively in a manner that could result in tax consequences different from those discussed below. We have not sought nor will seek any rulings from the U.S. Internal Revenue Service regarding the matters discussed below. There can be no assurance the U.S. Internal Revenue Service will not take or a court will not sustain a contrary position to that discussed below regarding the tax considerations discussed below.
This discussion does not address all U.S. federal income tax considerations relevant to a holder’s particular circumstances. In addition, it does not address considerations relevant to holders subject to special rules, including, without limitation:
▪persons that are not U.S. Holders;
▪banks, insurance companies, and certain other financial institutions;
▪regulated investment companies and real estate investment trusts;
▪brokers, dealers or traders in securities;
▪traders in securities that has elected the market-to-market method of accounting;
▪tax-exempt organizations or governmental organizations;
▪U.S. expatriates and former citizens or long-term residents of the United States;
▪persons holding the Gogoro Ordinary Shares as part of a hedge, straddle, constructive sale or other risk reduction strategy, or as part of a conversion transaction or other integrated investment;
▪persons subject to special tax accounting rules as a result of any item of gross income with respect to the Gogoro Ordinary Shares being taken into account in an applicable financial statement;
▪persons that actually or constructively own 10% or more (by vote or value) of the outstanding Gogoro Ordinary Shares;
▪S corporations, partnerships or other entities or arrangements treated as partnerships or other flow- through entities for U.S. federal income tax purposes (and investors therein);
▪persons liable for alternative minimum tax;
▪persons subject to the “base erosion and anti-abuse” tax;
▪U.S. Holders having a functional currency other than the U.S. dollar;
▪persons who hold or received the Gogoro Ordinary Shares pursuant to the exercise of any employee share option or otherwise as compensation; and
▪pension plans and tax-qualified retirement plans.
If an entity or arrangement treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes holds the Gogoro Ordinary Shares, the tax treatment of an owner of such entity or arrangement generally will depend on the status of the owner, the activities of the entity or arrangement and certain determinations made at the owner level. Accordingly, entities or arrangements treated as partnerships for U.S. federal income tax purposes and the owners in such entities or arrangements should consult their tax advisors regarding the U.S. federal income tax consequences to them.
THE U.S. FEDERAL INCOME TAX TREATMENT OF OWNING THE GOGORO ORDINARY SHARES FOR ANY PARTICULAR HOLDER WILL DEPEND ON THE HOLDER’S PARTICULAR TAX CIRCUMSTANCES. YOU SHOULD CONSULT YOUR TAX ADVISOR REGARDING THE U.S. FEDERAL, STATE AND LOCAL, AND NON-U.S. INCOME AND OTHER TAX CONSEQUENCES TO YOU, IN LIGHT OF YOUR PARTICULAR INVESTMENT OR TAX CIRCUMSTANCES, OF ACQUIRING, HOLDING AND/OR DISPOSING OF THE GOGORO ORDINARY SHARES.
U.S. Holders
For purposes of this discussion, a “U.S. Holder” is any beneficial owner of the Gogoro Ordinary Shares that is for U.S. federal income tax purposes:
▪an individual who is a citizen or resident of the United States;
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▪a corporation (or other entity taxable as a corporation) created or organized under the laws of the United States, any state thereof, or the District of Columbia;
▪an estate, the income of which is subject to U.S. federal income tax regardless of its source; or
▪a trust that (1) is subject to the primary supervision of a U.S. court and the control of one or more “United States persons” (within the meaning of Section 7701(a)(30) of the U.S. Internal Revenue Code), or (2) has a valid election in effect to be treated as a “United States person” (within the meaning of Section 7701(a)(30) of the U.S. Internal Revenue Code) for U.S. federal income tax purposes.
Ownership and Disposition of Gogoro Ordinary Shares by U.S. Holders
Distributions on Gogoro Ordinary Shares
Subject to the discussion under “—Passive Foreign Investment Company Rules”below, if we make distributions of cash or property on the Gogoro Ordinary Shares, such distributions will be treated for U.S. federal income tax purposes first as a dividend to the extent of our current and accumulated earnings and profits (as determined for U.S. federal income tax purposes), and then as a tax-free return of capital to the extent of the U.S. Holder’s tax basis, with any excess treated as capital gain from the sale or exchange of the shares. We do not intend to provide calculations of its earnings and profits under U.S. federal income tax principles. A U.S. Holder should expect all cash distributions to be reported as dividends for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Any dividends that a U.S. Holder receives (including any withheld taxes) will be includable in such U.S. Holder’s gross income as ordinary income on the day actually or constructively received. Such dividends generally will not be eligible for the dividends received deduction allowed to corporations in respect of dividends received from U.S. corporations.
Subject to the discussion below under “—Passive Foreign Investment Company Rules,” dividends received by certain non-corporate U.S. Holders (including individuals) may be “qualified dividend income,” which currently is taxed at the lower applicable capital gains rate, provided that:
▪the Gogoro Ordinary Shares are readily tradable on an established securities market in the United States;
▪Gogoro is neither a PFIC (as discussed below under below under “—Passive Foreign Investment Company Rules”) nor treated as such with respect to the U.S. Holder in any taxable year in which the dividend is paid or the preceding taxable year;
▪the U.S. Holder satisfies certain holding period requirements; and
▪the U.S. Holder is not under an obligation to make related payments with respect to positions in substantially similar or related property.
There can be no assurance that Gogoro Ordinary Shares will be considered “readily tradable” on an established securities market in the United States in accordance with applicable legal authorities. Furthermore, there can no assurance that Gogoro will not be treated as a PFIC in any taxable year. See discussion below under “—Passive Foreign Investment Company Rules.” U.S. Holders should consult their own tax advisors regarding the availability of the lower rate for dividends paid with respect to Gogoro Ordinary Shares.
Subject to certain exceptions and the Foreign Tax Credit Regulations (as defined below), dividends on Gogoro Ordinary Shares will constitute foreign source income for foreign tax credit limitation purposes. If such dividends are qualified dividend income (as discussed above), the amount of the dividend taken into account for purposes of calculating the foreign tax credit limitation will be limited to the gross amount of the dividend, multiplied by a fraction, the numerator of which is the reduced rate applicable to qualified dividend income and the denominator of which is the highest rate of tax normally applicable to dividends. The limitation on foreign taxes eligible for credit is calculated separately with respect to specific classes of income. For this purpose, dividends distributed by us with respect to the Gogoro Ordinary Shares generally will constitute “passive category income” but could, in the case of certain U.S. Holders, constitute “general category income.” However, recently issued Treasury regulations (the “Foreign Tax Credit Regulations”) impose additional requirements for foreign taxes to be eligible for a foreign tax credit, and there can be no assurance that those requirements will be satisfied. Instead of claiming a foreign tax credit, U.S. Holders may be able to deduct any non-U.S. withholding taxes on dividends in computing your taxable income, subject to generally applicable limitations under United States law (including that a U.S. Holder is not eligible for a deduction for otherwise creditable foreign income taxes paid or accrued in a taxable year if such U.S. Holder claims a foreign tax credit for any foreign income taxes paid or accrued in the same taxable year). The rules governing the foreign tax credit and deductions for foreign taxes are complex. U.S. Holders are urged to consult your tax advisors regarding the Foreign Tax Credit Regulations and the availability of the foreign tax credit or a deduction under your particular circumstances.
Sales, Exchanges, Redemption or Other Taxable Disposition of Gogoro Ordinary Shares
Subject to the discussion below under “ —Passive Foreign Investment Company Rules,” a U.S. Holder generally would recognize gain or loss on any sale, exchange, redemption or other taxable disposition of Gogoro Ordinary Shares in an amount equal to the difference between (i) the amount realized on the disposition and (ii) such U.S. Holder’s adjusted tax basis in such Gogoro Ordinary Shares. Any gain or loss recognized by a U.S. Holder on a taxable disposition of Gogoro Ordinary Shares generally will be capital gain or loss. Under current law, a non-corporate U.S. Holder, including an individual, who has held the Gogoro Ordinary Shares for more than one year generally will be eligible for reduced tax rates for such long-term capital gains. The deductibility of capital losses is subject to limitations. Any such gain or loss recognized generally will be treated as U.S. source gain or loss. In the event any non-U.S. tax (including withholding tax) is imposed upon such sale or other disposition, a U.S. Holder’s ability to claim a foreign tax credit for such
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non-U.S. tax is subject to various limitations and restrictions. U.S. Holders should consult their own tax advisors regarding the ability to claim a foreign tax credit.
Passive Foreign Investment Company Rules
The treatment of U.S. Holders of the Gogoro Ordinary Shares could be materially different from that described above if Gogoro is treated as a PFIC for U.S. federal income tax purposes. A non-U.S. entity treated as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes generally will be a PFIC for U.S. federal income tax purposes for any taxable year if either:
▪at least 75% of its gross income for such year is passive income; or
▪at least 50% of the value of its assets (generally based on an average of the quarterly values of the assets) during such year is attributable to assets that produce passive income or are held for the production of passive income.
For this purpose, passive income generally includes dividends, interest, royalties and rents (other than royalties and rents derived in the active conduct of a trade or business and not derived from a related person). In addition, cash and other assets readily convertible into cash are generally considered passive assets. Moreover, Gogoro will be treated as owning its proportionate share of the assets and earning its proportionate share of the income of any other entity treated as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes in which Gogoro owns, directly or indirectly, 25% or more (by value) of the stock.
Based on the fiscal year 2022 composition of our income, assets and operations and that of our subsidiaries, we do not believe we will be treated as a PFIC for the 2023 taxable year or in future taxable years. However, there can be no assurances in this regard. Moreover, the application of the PFIC rules is subject to uncertainty in several respects, and we can make no assurances that the U.S. Internal Revenue Service will not take a contrary position or that a court will not sustain such a challenge by the U.S. Internal Revenue Service.
Whether we or any of our subsidiaries is treated as a PFIC is determined on an annual basis. The determination of whether we or any of our subsidiaries is a PFIC is a factual determination that depends on, among other things, the composition of our income and assets, and the market value of our and our subsidiaries’ shares and assets. Because the market value of Gogoro and our subsidiaries’ assets (including for this purpose goodwill) may be measured in large part by the market price of Gogoro Ordinary Shares, which is likely to fluctuate, no assurance can be given that Gogoro will not be a PFIC in any future taxable year. Changes in the composition of our or any of our subsidiaries’ income or composition of our or any of our subsidiaries’ assets may cause us to be or become a PFIC for the current or subsequent taxable years. Under the PFIC rules, if we were considered a PFIC at any time that a U.S. Holder owns Gogoro Ordinary Shares, we would continue to be treated as a PFIC with respect to such investment unless (i) we ceased to be a PFIC and (ii) the U.S. Holder made a “deemed sale” election under the PFIC rules. If such election is made, a U.S. Holder will be deemed to have sold its Gogoro Ordinary Shares at their fair market value on the last day of the last taxable year in which Gogoro is classified as a PFIC, and any gain from such deemed sale would be subject to the consequences described below. After the deemed sale election, the Gogoro Ordinary Shares with respect to which the deemed sale election was made will not be treated as shares in a PFIC unless Gogoro subsequently becomes a PFIC.
For each taxable year that we are treated as a PFIC with respect to a U.S. Holder’s Gogoro Ordinary Shares, the U.S. Holder will be subject to special tax rules with respect to any “excess distribution” (as defined below) received and any gain realized from a sale or disposition (including a pledge) of its Gogoro Ordinary Shares (collectively, the “Excess Distribution Rules”), unless the U.S. Holder makes a valid QEF election or mark-to-market election as discussed below. Distributions received by a U.S. Holder in a taxable year that are greater than 125% of the average annual distributions received during the shorter of the three preceding taxable years or the U.S. Holder’s holding period for the Gogoro Ordinary Shares will be treated as excess distributions. Under these special tax rules:
•the excess distribution or gain will be allocated ratably over the U.S. Holder’s holding period for the Gogoro Ordinary Shares;
•the amount allocated to the current taxable year, and any taxable years in the U.S. Holder’s holding period prior to the first taxable year in which Gogoro is a PFIC, will be treated as ordinary income; and
•the amount allocated to each other taxable year will be subject to the highest tax rate in effect for individuals or corporations, as applicable, for each such year and the interest charge generally applicable to underpayments of tax will be imposed on the resulting tax attributable to each such year.
Under the Excess Distribution Rules, the tax liability for amounts allocated to taxable years prior to the year of disposition or excess distribution cannot be offset by any net operating losses, and gains (but not losses) realized on the sale of the Gogoro Ordinary Shares cannot be treated as capital gains, even though the U.S. Holder holds the Gogoro Ordinary Shares as capital assets.
Certain of the PFIC rules may impact U.S. Holders with respect to equity interests in subsidiaries and other entities which Gogoro may hold, directly or indirectly, that are PFICs (collectively, “Lower-Tier PFICs”). There can be no assurance, however, that we do not own, or will not in the future acquire, an interest in a subsidiary or other entity that is or would be treated as a Lower-Tier PFIC. U.S. Holders should consult their own tax advisors regarding the application of the PFIC rules to any of our subsidiaries.
If Gogoro is a PFIC, a U.S. Holder of Gogoro Ordinary Shares may avoid taxation under the Excess Distribution Rules described above by making a QEF election. However, a U.S. Holder may make a QEF election with respect to its Gogoro Ordinary Shares only if we provide U.S. Holders on an annual basis certain financial information specified under applicable U.S. Treasury Regulations. Because
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we currently do not intend to provide U.S. Holders with such information, U.S. Holders generally will not be able to make a QEF election with respect to the Gogoro Ordinary Shares.
A U.S. Holder of Gogoro Ordinary Shares may also avoid taxation under the Excess Distribution Rules by making a mark-to-market election. The mark-to-market election is available only for “marketable stock,” which is stock that is regularly traded on a qualified exchange or other market, as defined in applicable U.S. Treasury Regulations. The Gogoro Ordinary Shares, which are expected to be listed on the Nasdaq Global Select Market, are expected to qualify as marketable stock for purposes of the PFIC rules, but there can be no assurance that they will be “regularly traded” for purposes of these rules. Because a mark-to-market election cannot be made for equity interests in any Lower-Tier PFICs, a U.S. Holder generally will continue to be subject to the Excess Distribution Rules with respect to its indirect interest in any Lower-Tier PFICs as described above, even if a mark-to-market election is made for Gogoro.
If a U.S. Holder makes a valid mark-to-market election with respect to its Gogoro Ordinary Shares, such U.S. Holder will include in income for each year that Gogoro is treated as a PFIC with respect to such Gogoro Ordinary Shares an amount equal to the excess, if any, of the fair market value of the Gogoro Ordinary Shares as of the close of the U.S. Holder’s taxable year over the adjusted basis in the Gogoro Ordinary Shares. A U.S. Holder will be allowed a deduction for the excess, if any, of the adjusted basis of the Gogoro Ordinary Shares over their fair market value as of the close of the taxable year. However, deductions will be allowed only to the extent of any net mark-to-market gains on the Gogoro Ordinary Shares included in the U.S. Holder’s income for prior taxable years. Amounts included in income under a mark-to-market election, as well as gain on the actual sale or other disposition of the Gogoro Ordinary Shares, will be treated as ordinary income. Ordinary loss treatment will also apply to the deductible portion of any mark-to-market loss on the Gogoro Ordinary Shares, as well as to any loss realized on the actual sale or disposition of the Gogoro Ordinary Shares, to the extent the amount of such loss does not exceed the net mark-to-market gains for such Gogoro Ordinary Shares previously included in income. A U.S. Holder’s basis in the Gogoro Ordinary Shares will be adjusted to reflect any mark-to-market income or loss. If a U.S. Holder makes a mark-to-market election, any distributions we make generally would be subject to the rules discussed above under “ —Distributions on Ordinary Shares,” except the lower rates applicable to qualified dividend income would not apply.
A U.S. Holder that is eligible to make a mark-to-market election with respect to its Gogoro Ordinary Shares may do so by providing the appropriate information on U.S. Internal Revenue Service Form 8621 and timely filing that form with the U.S. Holder’s tax return for the year in which the election becomes effective. U.S. Holders should consult their own tax advisors as to the availability and desirability of a mark-to-market election, as well as the impact of such election on interests in any Lower-Tier PFICs.
A U.S. Holder of a PFIC generally is required to file an U.S. Internal Revenue Service Form 8621 on an annual basis. U.S. Holders are strongly encouraged to consult their own tax advisors regarding the application of the PFIC rules and the associated reporting requirements to their particular circumstances.
Foreign Financial Asset Reporting
Certain U.S. Holders may be required to report their holdings of certain foreign financial assets, including equity of foreign entities, if the aggregate value of all of these assets exceeds $50,000 at the end of a taxable year or $75,000 at any time during a taxable year (or, for certain individuals living outside the United States and married individuals filing joint returns, certain higher thresholds). Gogoro Ordinary Shares are expected to constitute foreign financial assets subject to these requirements unless held in an account at certain financial institutions. U.S Holders should consult their own tax advisers regarding the application of these reporting requirements.
Information Reporting and Backup Withholding
Information reporting requirements may apply to distributions on the Gogoro Ordinary Shares, and the proceeds received on sale or other taxable disposition of the Gogoro Ordinary Shares effected within the United States (and, in certain cases, outside the United States), in each case other than U.S. Holders that are exempt recipients (such as corporations). Backup withholding may apply to such amounts if the U.S. Holder fails to provide an accurate taxpayer identification number (generally on a U.S. Internal Revenue Service Form W-9 provided to the paying agent of the U.S. Holder’s broker) or is otherwise subject to backup withholding. U.S. Holders should consult their own tax advisors regarding the application of the U.S. information reporting and backup withholding rules.
Backup withholding is not an additional tax. Amounts withheld as backup withholding generally may be credited against the taxpayer’s U.S. federal income tax liability, and a taxpayer may obtain a refund of any excess amounts withheld under the backup withholding rules by timely filing the appropriate claim for a refund with the U.S. Internal Revenue Service and furnishing any required information.
The preceding discussion of certain material U.S. federal tax considerations is for general information purposes only. It is not tax advice to holders of Gogoro Ordinary Shares. Each such holder should consult its own tax advisor regarding the particular U.S. federal, state and local, and non-U.S. tax considerations of purchasing, holding, and disposing of Gogoro Ordinary Shares, including the consequences of any proposed change in applicable law.
F. Dividends and Paying Agents
Not applicable.
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G. Statement by Experts
Not applicable.
H. Documents on Display
We are subject to periodic reporting and other informational requirements of the Exchange Act as applicable to foreign private issuers. Accordingly, we are required to file reports, including annual reports on Form 20-F, and other information with the SEC. As a foreign private issuer, we are exempt from the rules of the Exchange Act prescribing the furnishing and content of proxy statements to shareholders, and our executive officers, directors and principal shareholders are not subject to the insider short-swing profit disclosure and recovery provisions of Section 16 of the Exchange Act.
All information that we have filed with the SEC can be accessed through the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov.
In accordance with Nasdaq Stock Market Rule 5250(d), we will post this annual report on Form 20-F on our website: http://www.gogoro.com. The information on, or that can be accessed through, our website is not part of this annual report. In addition, we will provide hardcopies of our annual report free of charge to shareholders upon request.
With respect to references made in this annual report to any contract or other document of our company, such references are not necessarily complete and you should refer to the exhibits attached or incorporated by reference to this annual report for copies of the actual contract or document.
I. Subsidiary Information
Not applicable.
ITEM 11. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
We are exposed to various risks in relation to financial instruments. The main types of risks are foreign currency risk and interest rate risk.
Foreign Exchange Risk
As most of our revenue and expenses are denominated in NTD, which is the main market in which we operate, we do not believe that we are currently exposed to significant direct foreign exchange risk operationally. Although in general our direct exposure to foreign exchange risks should be limited, the reporting result of operations in the financial statements will be affected by the exchange rate between U.S. dollar and NTD, as we use U.S. dollars as the reporting currency. The volatility in foreign exchange rates, in particular a weakening of NTD and other foreign currencies relative to the U.S. dollar, may negatively affect our revenues and results of operations.
We are also exposed to foreign exchange rate fluctuations as we convert the financial statements of our subsidiaries using foreign currencies such as NTD as functional currency into U.S. dollars in consolidation. Through changes in foreign currency exchange rates, the conversion of the foreign subsidiaries’ financial statements into U.S. dollars will lead to translation gains or losses, which are recorded net as a component of other comprehensive income.
Our general policy is not to conduct cash flow, fair value, net investment and translation hedges. While we may enter into hedging contracts from time to time, any change in the fair value of the contracts could be offset by changes in the underlying value of the transactions being hedged. While we have not engaged in the hedging of our foreign currency transactions as of the date of this annual report date and do not enter into any hedging contracts for trading or speculative purposes, we may in the future hedge selected significant transactions denominated in currencies other than the NTD.
The following table details Gogoro’s sensitivity to a 1% increase and decrease in NTD against USD. The sensitivity analysis included only outstanding foreign currency denominated monetary items. A positive number below indicated an increase in pre-tax profit (loss) or equity associated with a 1% strengthening of NTD against USD. For a 1% weakening of NTD against USD, there would be an equal and opposite impact on equity, and the balances below would be negative.
| For the Year Ended December 31 | |||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | |||||||||||||||
| Profit or loss | $ | (42) | $ | (90) | $ | (1,037) | |||||||||||
| Equity | 2,350 | 2,067 | 2,412 | ||||||||||||||
Interest Rate Risk
We are exposed to interest rate risk as we borrowed funds at both fixed and floating interest rates. Our interest rate risk was mainly concentrated in the fluctuation of the benchmark interest rate arising from cash and cash equivalents - time deposits and repurchase agreements collateralized by bonds, other financial assets, short-term borrowings, long-term borrowings, bonds payable, financial
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liabilities designated at fair value through profit or loss (“FVTPL”) and leasing liabilities. The carrying amount of our financial assets and financial liabilities with exposure to interest rates at the end of the reporting period were as follows.
| As of December 31, | |||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||
| Fair value interest rate risk | |||||||||||
| Financial assets | $ | 184,669 | $ | 204,747 | |||||||
| Financial liabilities | 68,422 | 134,604 | |||||||||
| Cash flow interest rate risk | |||||||||||
| Financial assets | 56,357 | 42,426 | |||||||||
| Financial liabilities | 381,599 | 434,898 | |||||||||
The sensitivity analyses below were determined based on our exposure to interest rates for non-derivative instruments at the end of the reporting period. For floating rate liabilities, the analyses were prepared assuming the amount of the liability outstanding at the end of the reporting period was outstanding for the whole year. A 10 basis points increase or decrease was used when reporting interest rate risk internally to key management personnel and represents management’s assessment of the reasonably possible change in interest rates.
If interest rates had been 10 basis points higher/lower and all other variables were held constant,our loss for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 would increase/decrease by $0.3 million, $0.4 million and $0.3 million, respectively.
Credit Risk
Credit risk refers to the risk that the counterparty will default on its contractual obligations resulting in financial loss to Gogoro. Our credit risk was mainly arising from bank deposits, trade receivables, other receivables, other financial assets, and refundable deposits. We adopted a policy of only dealing with creditworthy counterparties and financial institutions, where appropriate, as a means of mitigating the risk of financial loss from defaults.
Liquidity Risk
We manage liquidity risk by monitoring and maintaining a level of cash deemed adequate to finance our operations and mitigate the effects of fluctuations in cash flows. In addition, management monitors the utilization of bank borrowings and ensures compliance with loan covenants.
ITEM 12. DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES OTHER THAN EQUITY SECURITIES
A. Debt Securities
Not applicable.
B. Warrants and Rights
Not applicable.
C. Other Securities
Not applicable.
D. American Depositary Shares
Not applicable.
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PART II
ITEM 13. DEFAULTS, DIVIDEND ARREARAGES AND DELINQUENCIES
None.
ITEM 14. MATERIAL MODIFICATIONS TO THE RIGHTS OF SECURITY HOLDERS AND USE OF PROCEEDS
None.
ITEM 15. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act and regulations promulgated thereunder) as of December 31, 2022, or the Evaluation Date. Based on such evaluation, our management has concluded that, as of the Evaluation Date, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective in ensuring that information required to be disclosed in the reports that we file or submit under the U.S. Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and that information required to be disclosed in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, or persons performing similar functions, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Rule 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act. Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, our management conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting. Based on the framework in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission as of the end of the period covered by this annual report. Based on this evaluation, our management concluded that our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2022 was effective.
As discussed in our 2021 Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2021, in connection with the preparation of our financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2021, our management identified a material weakness related to the lack of sufficient accounting and financial reporting personnel with appropriate knowledge of SEC reporting requirements to prepare and review consolidated financial statements and related disclosures in accordance with SEC reporting requirements.
To remediate our identified material weakness, we have adopted measures to improve our financial control over financial reporting, including, among others: (i) forming financial reporting and accounting team with personnel who have appropriate knowledge and experience of IFRS and SEC reporting requirements; (ii) organizing regular training for our accounting personnel, especially training related to complex accounting standards and updates on IFRS and SEC reporting requirements; and (iii) enhancing documentation procedures, establishing effective monitoring and oversight controls for financial reporting and filing processes to ensure the accuracy and completeness of our company’s consolidated financial statements and related disclosures. Based on the above, and the results of testing conducted during the year ended December 31, 2022, we concluded that the identified material weakness was remediated as of December 31, 2022.
Attestation Report of the Registered Public Accounting Firm
Performing the relevant condition checks for our last fiscal year, we qualify as an "emerging growth company" pursuant to the JOBS Act. An emerging growth company may take advantage of specified reduced reporting and other requirements that are otherwise applicable generally to public companies. These provisions include exemption from the auditor attestation requirement under Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, in the assessment of the emerging growth company’s internal control over financial reporting.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
Except for the material weakness described above which has been remediated as of December 31, 2022, there were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) that occurred during the period covered by this annual report that have materially affected, or that are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
ITEM 16.A. AUDIT COMMITTEE FINANCIAL EXPERT
Our board of directors has determined that Hui-Ming Cheng qualifies to serve as an “audit committee financial expert” as defined under the SEC rules, and has the requisite financial sophistication as defined under the applicable Nasdaq rules and regulations. Hui-Ming Cheng also qualifies as an independent director under the corporate governance standards of the Nasdaq listing requirements and the audit committee independence requirements of Rule 10A-3 of the Exchange Act.
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ITEM 16.B. CODE OF ETHICS
We have adopted a Code of Business Conduct and Ethics that applies to all of our employees, officers and directors, including those officers responsible for financial reporting. Our Code of Business Conduct and Ethics is available on our website (https://investor.gogoro.com/corporate/corporate-governance/). We intend to disclose any amendment to the code, or any waivers of its requirements, in our Annual Report on Form 20-F.
ITEM 16.C. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES
The following table sets forth the aggregate fees by the categories specified below in connection with certain professional services rendered by Deloitte & Touche (PCAOB ID No. 1060 ), our principal external auditors, for the years indicated. We did not pay any other fees to our principal external auditors during the years indicated below.
| For the Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||
| 2021 | 2022 | ||||||||||
| (in thousands) | |||||||||||
Audit fees(1) | $ | 732 | $ | 752 | |||||||
Tax fees(2) | 46 | 51 | |||||||||
| Total | $ | 778 | $ | 803 | |||||||
________________________________________
Note:
(1)“Audit fees” means the aggregate fees billed for professional services rendered by our principal external auditors for the audits of our annual consolidated financial statements, review of the consolidated financial statements, statutory audits of certain subsidiaries, and review of SEC filings documents.
(2)“Tax fees” means the aggregate fees billed in each of the fiscal years listed for professional services rendered by our principal external auditors for tax compliance related services.
The policy of our audit committee is to pre-approve all audit and non-audit services provided by Deloitte & Touche, including audit services and tax services as described above, other than those for de minimis services that are approved by the audit committee prior to the completion of the audit.
ITEM 16.D. EXEMPTIONS FROM THE LISTING STANDARDS FOR AUDIT COMMITTEES
Not applicable.
ITEM 16.E. PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES BY THE ISSUER AND AFFILIATED PURCHASERS
None.
ITEM 16.F. CHANGE IN REGISTRANT’S CERTIFYING ACCOUNTANT
Not applicable.
ITEM 16.G. CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
Gogoro is a foreign private issuer within the meaning of the rules under the Exchange Act and our ordinary shares and Public Warrants are listed on the Nasdaq Global Select Market. The Nasdaq Global Select Market rules permit a foreign private issuer like us to follow the corporate governance practices of its home country. As such, we are permitted to follow the corporate governance practices of our home country, the Cayman Islands, in lieu of the corporate governance standards of Nasdaq applicable to U.S. domestic companies. For example, we are not required to have a majority of the board consisting of independent directors nor have a compensation committee or a nominating and corporate governance committee consisting entirely of independent directors. While we do not currently intend to follow home country practice in lieu of the above requirements, we could decide in the future to follow home country practice and our board of directors could make such a decision to depart from such requirements by ordinary resolution. As a result, our shareholders may not have the same protection afforded to shareholders of U.S. domestic companies that are subject to Nasdaq corporate governance requirements. As a foreign private issuer, we are also subject to reduced disclosure requirements and are exempt from certain provisions of the U.S. securities rules and regulations applicable to U.S. domestic issuers such as the rules regulating solicitation of proxies and certain insider reporting and short-swing profit rules.
As a result, our shareholders may be afforded less protection than they otherwise would under the Nasdaq corporate governance listing standards applicable to U.S. domestic issuers. We may utilize these exemptions for as long as we continue to qualify as a foreign private issuer.
70
Other than the home country practice described above, we are not aware of any significant differences between our corporate governance practices and those followed by U.S. domestic companies under the Nasdaq corporate governance listing standards.
ITEM 16.H. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURE
Not applicable.
ITEM 16.I. DISCLOSURE REGARDING FOREIGN JURISDICTIONS THAT PREVENT INSPECTION
Not applicable.
71
PART III
ITEM 17. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
We have elected to provide financial statements pursuant to “Item 18. Financial Statements."
ITEM 18. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
72
INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Page | |||||
| Consolidated Financial Statements | |||||
F-2 | |||||
| F-3 | |||||
F-4 | |||||
Consolidated Statements of Changes of Equity for the Years Ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 | F-5 | ||||
F-6 | |||||
F-8 | |||||
F-1
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
To the Shareholders and the Board of Directors of Gogoro Inc.
Opinion on the Consolidated Financial Statements
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Gogoro Inc. and subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the related consolidated statements of comprehensive income, changes in equity, and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2022, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2022, in conformity with International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board.
Basis for Opinion
These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s consolidated financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits, we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.
Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
/s/ Deloitte & Touche
Taipei, Taiwan
Republic of China
March 31, 2023
We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2014.
F-2
GOGORO INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
DECEMBER 31, 2022 AND 2021
(in Thousands of U.S. Dollars)
———————————————————————————————————————————————————————
| As of December 31, | |||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||
| ASSETS | |||||||||||
| CURRENT ASSETS | |||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents (Notes 2, 5 and 23) | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Trade receivables (Notes 2, 6, 17 and 23) | |||||||||||
| Inventories (Notes 2 and 7) | |||||||||||
| Other assets, current (Notes 2, 8 and 23) | |||||||||||
| Total current assets | |||||||||||
| NON-CURRENT ASSETS | |||||||||||
| Property, plant and equipment (Notes 2 and 9) | |||||||||||
| Right-of-use assets (Notes 2 and 10) | |||||||||||
| Other assets, non-current (Notes 2, 8 and 23) | |||||||||||
| Total non-current assets | |||||||||||
| Total assets | $ | $ | |||||||||
| LIABILITIES AND EQUITY | |||||||||||
| CURRENT LIABILITIES | |||||||||||
| Borrowings, current (Notes 2, 11 and 23) | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss (Notes 2, 12 and 23) | |||||||||||
| Notes and trade payables (Notes 2, 13 and 23) | |||||||||||
| Contract liabilities (Notes 2 and 17) | |||||||||||
| Lease liabilities, current (Notes 2, 10 and 23) | |||||||||||
| Provisions for products warranty, current (Notes 2 and 15) | |||||||||||
| Other liabilities, current (Notes 2, 14 and 23) | |||||||||||
| Total current liabilities | |||||||||||
| NON-CURRENT LIABILITIES | |||||||||||
| Borrowings, non-current (Notes 2, 11 and 23) | |||||||||||
| Lease liabilities, non-current (Notes 2, 10 and 23) | |||||||||||
| Provisions for products warranty, non-current (Notes 2 and 15) | |||||||||||
| Other liabilities, non-current (Notes 2, 14 and 23) | |||||||||||
| Total non-current liabilities | |||||||||||
| Total liabilities | |||||||||||
| EQUITY (Notes 2 and 16) | |||||||||||
| Share capital | |||||||||||
| Reserves | |||||||||||
| Total equity | |||||||||||
| Total liabilities and equity | $ | $ | |||||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.
F-3
GOGORO INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2022, 2021 AND 2020
(in Thousands of U.S. Dollars, Except Loss Per Share)
———————————————————————————————————————————————————————
| For the Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | |||||||||||||||
OPERATING REVENUES (Notes 2, 17 and 26) | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||
COSTS OF REVENUES (Notes 2, 7 and 18) | |||||||||||||||||
| GROSS PROFIT | |||||||||||||||||
OPERATING EXPENSES (Notes 2, 4, 6, 18 and 24) | |||||||||||||||||
| Sales and marketing | |||||||||||||||||
| General and administrative | |||||||||||||||||
| Research and development | |||||||||||||||||
| Listing expense | |||||||||||||||||
| Total operating expenses | |||||||||||||||||
| OPERATING LOSS | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||
| NON-OPERATING INCOMES AND EXPENSES (Notes 2 and 18) | |||||||||||||||||
| Finance costs | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||
| Finance income | |||||||||||||||||
| Other income | |||||||||||||||||
| Other losses, net | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||
| Gains (losses) on financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||
| Total non-operating incomes and expenses | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||
| LOSS BEFORE INCOME TAX | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||
| INCOME TAX (EXPENSE) BENEFIT (Notes 2 and 19) | ( | ||||||||||||||||
| NET LOSS | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||
| OTHER COMPREHENSIVE (LOSS) INCOME | |||||||||||||||||
| Items that may be reclassified subsequently to profit or loss: | |||||||||||||||||
| Exchange differences on translation | ( | ||||||||||||||||
| TOTAL COMPREHENSIVE LOSS FOR THE YEAR | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | |||||||||||
| LOSS PER SHARE (in U.S. dollars) (Note 20) | |||||||||||||||||
| Basic and diluted | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | |||||||||||
| Weighted average number of ordinary shares used in calculating basic and diluted loss per share (in thousand shares) | |||||||||||||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.
F-4
GOGORO INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITY
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2022, 2021 AND 2020
(in Thousands of U.S. Dollars)
———————————————————————————————————————————————————————
| Share Capital (Note 16) | Reserves (Note 16) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ordinary Shares | Preferred Shares | Capital Surplus | Accumulated Deficits | Exchange Difference on Translation | Total Equity | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BALANCE AS OF JANUARY 1, 2020 | $ | $ | ( | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss for the year ended December 31, 2020 | — | — | — | ( | — | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive income for the year ended December 31, 2020 | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total comprehensive loss for the year ended December 31, 2020 | — | — | — | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Capital surplus used to offset accumulated deficits | — | — | ( | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BALANCE AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2020 | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss for the year ended December 31, 2021 | — | — | — | ( | — | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive income for the year ended December 31, 2021 | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total comprehensive loss for the year ended December 31, 2021 | — | — | — | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of restricted shares (Note 21) | — | ( | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shared-based payments (Note 21) | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BALANCE AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2021 | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss for the year ended December 31, 2022 | — | — | — | ( | — | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive loss for the year ended December 31, 2022 | — | — | — | — | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total comprehensive loss for the year ended December 31, 2022 | — | — | — | ( | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of ordinary shares | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Repurchase of Series C preferred shares | — | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Recognition of earnout liabilities (Note 12) | — | — | — | ( | — | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shared-based payments (Note 21) | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BALANCE AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2022 | $ | $ | ( | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.
F-5
GOGORO INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2022, 2021 AND 2020
(in Thousands of U.S. Dollars)
———————————————————————————————————————————————————————
| For the Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | |||||||||||||||
| CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES | |||||||||||||||||
| Net loss | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | |||||||||||
| Adjustments for: | |||||||||||||||||
| Depreciation expenses | |||||||||||||||||
| Amortization expenses | |||||||||||||||||
| Impairment losses (reversal of impairment losses) | ( | ||||||||||||||||
| Share-based payments | |||||||||||||||||
| Listing expense | |||||||||||||||||
| Finance costs | |||||||||||||||||
| Finance income | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||
| Loss on disposals of property, plant and equipment | |||||||||||||||||
| Loss on disposals of intangible assets | |||||||||||||||||
| Gain from lease modifications | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||
| (Gain) loss on financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss | ( | ||||||||||||||||
| Income tax expense | ( | ||||||||||||||||
| Changes in operating assets and liabilities: | |||||||||||||||||
| (Increase) decrease in trade receivables | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||
| (Increase) decrease in inventories | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||
| (Increase) decrease in other assets | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||
| (Decrease) increase in notes and trade payables | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||
| (Decrease) increase in contract liabilities | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||
| Decrease in provisions for product warranty | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||
| Increase (decrease) in other liabilities | ( | ||||||||||||||||
| Cash (used in) generated from operations | ( | ||||||||||||||||
| Interest income received | |||||||||||||||||
| Interest expense paid | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||
| Income tax refund received | |||||||||||||||||
| Net cash (used in) generated from operating activities | ( | ||||||||||||||||
| CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES | |||||||||||||||||
| Payments for acquisitions of property, plant and equipment | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||
| Proceeds from disposals of property, plant and equipment | |||||||||||||||||
| Payments for acquisitions of intangible assets | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||
| Refundable deposits paid | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||
| Decrease (increase) in time deposits with original maturities of more than three months | ( | ||||||||||||||||
| (Increase) decrease in restricted deposits | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||
| Net cash used in investing activities | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||
(Continued)
F-6
GOGORO INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2022, 2021 AND 2020
(In Thousands of U.S. Dollars)
———————————————————————————————————————————————————————
| For the Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | |||||||||||||||
| CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES | |||||||||||||||||
| Proceeds from the Mergers (Note 4) | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||
| Proceeds from PIPE Investments (Note 16) | |||||||||||||||||
| Proceeds from bank loans | |||||||||||||||||
| Repayments of bank loans | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||
| Repayments of bonds | ( | ||||||||||||||||
| Proceeds from issuance of redeemable preferred shares | |||||||||||||||||
| Dividends paid for redeemable preferred shares | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||
| Payments for redemption of redeemable preferred shares | ( | ||||||||||||||||
| Guarantee deposits received | |||||||||||||||||
| Guarantee deposits refunded | ( | ||||||||||||||||
| Repayments of the principal portion of lease liabilities | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||
| Net cash generated from financing activities | |||||||||||||||||
| Effects of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||
| NET INCREASE (DECREASE) IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS | ( | ||||||||||||||||
| CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS AT THE BEGINNING OF THE YEAR | |||||||||||||||||
| CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS AT THE END OF THE YEAR | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||
(Concluded)
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.
F-7
GOGORO INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
1.GENERAL INFORMATION
Gogoro Inc. (“Gogoro”) was incorporated as an exempted company in accordance with the laws and regulations of the Cayman Islands on April 27, 2011. Gogoro is a holding company, through its subsidiaries (collectively referred to as the “Company”), engaging in research and development, manufacture and sales and distribution of electric scooters and electric scooter enabling components, and providing battery swapping service to consumers. The Company’s principal place of business is in Taiwan, the Republic of China (R.O.C.). Gogoro’s ordinary shares are listed and quoted on the National Association of Securities Dealers Quotations (“Nasdaq”) under the symbol "GGR" on April 5, 2022 through completing a merger transaction. Refer to Note 4 for information in relation to the merger transaction.
The consolidated financial statements were approved by the board of directors and authorized for issue on March 31, 2023.
2.SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
a.Basis of preparation
The consolidated financial statements are presented in thousands of U.S. dollars and all values are rounded to the nearest thousand dollars, except where otherwise indicated.
Compliance with IFRSs
The consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”), International Accounting Standards (“IAS”), IFRIC Interpretations (“IFRIC”), and SIC Interpretations (“SIC”) issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (“IASB”) (collectively, “IFRSs”).
Basis of accounting
The consolidated financial statements have been prepared, except for cash flow information, using the accrual basis of accounting.
The consolidated financial statements have been prepared on the historical cost basis, except for the revaluation of certain financial instruments that are measured at fair values at the end of each reporting period.
All assets and liabilities for which fair value is measured or disclosed in the consolidated financial statements are categorized within the fair value hierarchy, described as follows, based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole:
i.Level 1 fair value measurements are those derived from quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities
ii.Level 2 fair value measurements are those derived from inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly
iii.Level 3 fair value measurements are those derived from valuation techniques that include inputs for the asset or liability that are not based on observable market data
For assets and liabilities that are recognized in the consolidated financial statements at fair value on a recurring basis, the Company determines whether transfers have occurred between levels in the hierarchy by re-assessing categorization (based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole) at the end of each reporting period.
Current/non-current distinction
Current and non-current assets, and current and non-current liabilities, are presented as separate classifications in the consolidated statement of financial position.
An asset is classified as current when:
•it expects to realize the asset, or intends to sell or consume it, in its normal operating cycle
•it holds the asset primarily for the purpose of trading
•it expects to realize the asset within twelve months after the reporting period; or
•the asset is cash or a cash equivalent unless the asset is restricted from being exchanged or used to settle a liability for at least twelve months after the reporting period.
A liability is classified as current when:
F-8
•it expects to settle the liability in its normal operating cycle
•it holds the liability primarily for the purpose of trading
•the liability is due to be settled within twelve months after the reporting period
•it does not have the right at the end of the reporting period to defer settlement of the liability for at least twelve months after the reporting period.
All other assets and liabilities are classified as non-current.
b.New and amended IFRSs that are effective for the current year
c.New and amended IFRSs in issue but not yet effective
| New IFRSs | Effective Date Announced by IASB | |||||||
| Amendments to IFRS 10 and IAS 28 “Sale or Contribution of Assets between an Investor and its Associate or Joint Venture” (Note ii) | To be determined by IASB | |||||||
| IFRS 17 “Insurance Contracts” (Note i) | January 1, 2023 | |||||||
| Amendments to IFRS 17 (Note i) | January 1, 2023 | |||||||
| Amendments to IFRS 17 “Initial Application of IFRS 17 and IFRS 9 - Comparative Information” (Note i) | January 1, 2023 | |||||||
| Amendments to IAS 1 “Disclosure of Accounting Policies” (Note ii) | January 1, 2023 | |||||||
| Amendments to IAS 1 “Classification of Liabilities as Current or Non-current” (Note ii) | January 1, 2024 | |||||||
| Amendments to IAS 1 “Non-current Liabilities with Covenants” (Note ii) | January 1, 2024 | |||||||
| Amendments to IAS 8 “Definition of Accounting Estimates” (Note ii) | January 1, 2023 | |||||||
| Amendments to IAS 12 “Deferred Tax related to Assets and Liabilities arising from a Single Transaction” (Note i) | January 1, 2023 | |||||||
| Amendments to IFRS 16 "Lease Liability in a Sale and Leaseback" (Note i) | January 1, 2024 | |||||||
i.The Company does not expect that the application of the above standards and interpretations will have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements of the Company in future periods.
ii.The Company anticipates that the application of these amendments may have an impact on the consolidated financial statements in future periods should such transactions arise.
d.Basis of consolidation
The consolidated financial statements incorporate the financial statements of Gogoro and entities controlled by Gogoro (its subsidiaries) made up to December 31 each year. Control is achieved when Gogoro:
•has the power over the investee
•is exposed, or has rights, to variable returns from its involvement with the investee
•has the ability to use its power to affect its returns
Gogoro reassesses whether or not it controls an investee if facts and circumstances indicate that there are changes to one or more of the three elements of control listed above.
Where necessary, adjustments are made to the financial statements of subsidiaries to bring the accounting policies used into line with the Company’s accounting policies.
All intragroup assets and liabilities, equity, income, expenses and cash flows relating to transactions between the entities of the Company are eliminated on consolidation.
F-9
Information about the composition of the Company at the end of the reporting period is as follows:
| % of Ownership | |||||||||||||||||
| December 31 | |||||||||||||||||
| Investor | Investee | Principal Activities | 2022 | 2021 | |||||||||||||
| Gogoro Inc. | Gogoro Taiwan Limited | Manufacture and research and development of electric scooters and bikes | |||||||||||||||
| Gogoro Network | Provision of energy services to consumers using battery swapping system | ||||||||||||||||
| Gogoro Europe B.V. (Note i) | Holding company | ||||||||||||||||
| Gogoro Network Pte. Ltd. | Holding company | ||||||||||||||||
| GoShare Pte. Ltd. | Holding company | ||||||||||||||||
| Starship Merger Sub II Limited (Note ii) | Holding company | ||||||||||||||||
| Gogoro Singapore Holding Pte. Ltd. (Note v) | Holding company | ||||||||||||||||
| Gogoro Taiwan Limited | Gogoro Taiwan Sales and Services Limited | Sale of electric scooters and related products and provision of after-sale services | |||||||||||||||
| GoPocket Taiwan Limited | Issuance of reward points | ||||||||||||||||
| Gogoro Singapore Holding Pte. Ltd. (Note v) | Holding company | ||||||||||||||||
| GoShare Pte. Ltd. | GoShare Taiwan Limited | Provision of electric scooters free float sharing services | |||||||||||||||
| Gogoro Network Pte. Ltd. | Gogoro B.V. | Holding company | |||||||||||||||
| Gogoro Network B.V. | Holding company | ||||||||||||||||
| Rui Li Trading (Shanghai) Limited (Note iv) | Holding company | ||||||||||||||||
| Gogoro India Private Limited (Note vi) | Manufacture and sale of electric scooters and related products and provision of after-sale services | ||||||||||||||||
| Gogoro Singapore Holding Pte. Ltd. (Note v) | Gogoro Europe Sales and Services B.V. | Sale of electric scooters and related products | |||||||||||||||
| Rui Yi Trading (Shanghai) Limited (Note iii) | Holding company | ||||||||||||||||
i.Gogoro Europe B.V. was approved to dissolve its business in November 2020. As of December 31, 2022, the liquidation of Gogoro Europe B.V. was in process. The liquidation was subsequently completed on February 1, 2023.
ii.Starship Merger Sub II Limited was incorporated as an exempted company with limited liability under the laws of Cayman Islands in August 2021.
iii.Rui Yi Trading (Shanghai) Limited had no paid-in capital as of December 31, 2021.
iv.Rui Li Trading (Shanghai) Limited had no paid-in capital as of December 31, 2022 and 2021.
v.Gogoro Singapore Holding Pte. Ltd. was acquired as a wholly-owned subsidiary by Gogoro Taiwan Limited from Gogoro Inc. in May 2022.
vi.Gogoro India Private Limited was incorporated as a company limited by shares under the laws of India in September 2022.
e.Foreign currencies
F-10
f.Inventories
g.Property, plant and equipment
Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses.
Property, plant and equipment in the course of construction are measured at cost less any recognized impairment loss. Cost includes professional fees and borrowing costs eligible for capitalization. Samples produced when testing whether an item of property, plant and equipment is functioning properly before that asset reaches its intended use are measured at the lower of cost or net realizable value, and any proceeds from selling those samples and the cost of those samples are recognized in profit or loss. Such assets are classified to the appropriate categories of property, plant and equipment and depreciated when completed and ready for their intended use.
Depreciation is recognized to write off the cost or valuation of assets less their residual values over their useful lives, using the straight-line method.
The estimated useful lives, residual values and depreciation method are reviewed at the end of each reporting period, with the effect of any changes in estimate accounted for on a prospective basis.
Leasehold improvements are depreciated over the shorter period of the lease term and the useful life of the underlying asset. If a lease transfers ownership of the underlying asset or the cost of the right-of-use asset reflects that the Company expects to exercise a purchase option, the related leasehold improvement is depreciated over the useful life of the underlying asset.
An item of property, plant and equipment is derecognized upon disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected to arise from the continued use of the asset. The gain or loss arising on the disposal or retirement of an asset is determined as the difference between the sales proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset and is recognized in profit or loss.
At each reporting date, the Company reviews the carrying amounts of its property, plant and equipment to determine whether there is any indication that those assets have suffered an impairment loss. If any such indication exists, the recoverable amount of the asset is estimated to determine the extent of the impairment loss (if any). Where the asset does not generate cash flows that are independent from other assets, the Company estimates the recoverable amount of the cash-generating unit to which the asset belongs. When a reasonable and consistent basis of allocation can be identified, corporate assets are also allocated to individual cash-generating units, or otherwise, they are allocated to the smallest group of cash-generating units for which a reasonable and consistent allocation basis can be identified.
Recoverable amount is the higher of fair value less costs of disposal and value in use. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset for which the estimates of future cash flows have not been adjusted.
If the recoverable amount of an asset (or cash-generating unit) is estimated to be less than its carrying amount, the carrying amount of the asset (or cash-generating unit) is reduced to its recoverable amount. An impairment loss is recognized immediately in profit or loss.
Where an impairment loss subsequently reverses, the carrying amount of the asset (or cash-generating unit) is increased to the revised estimate of its recoverable amount, but so that the increased carrying amount does not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined had no impairment loss been recognized for the asset (or cash-generating unit) in prior years. A reversal of an impairment loss is recognized immediately in profit or loss to the extent that it eliminates the impairment loss which has been recognized for the asset in prior years.
h.Intangible assets
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Intangible assets acquired separately
Intangible assets with finite useful lives that are acquired separately are carried at cost less accumulated amortization and accumulated impairment losses. Amortization is recognized on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives. The estimated useful life and amortization method are reviewed at the end of each reporting period, with the effect of any changes in estimate being accounted for on a prospective basis.
Derecognition of intangible assets
An intangible asset is derecognized on disposal, or when no future economic benefits are expected from use or disposal. Gains or losses arising from derecognition of an intangible asset, measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset, are recognized in profit or loss when the asset is derecognized.
Impairment of intangible assets
At each reporting date, the Company reviews the carrying amounts of its intangible assets to determine whether there is any indication that those assets have suffered an impairment loss. If any such indication exists, the recoverable amount of the asset is estimated to determine the extent of the impairment loss (if any). Where the asset does not generate cash flows that are independent from other assets, the Company estimates the recoverable amount of the cash-generating unit to which the asset belongs. When a reasonable and consistent basis of allocation can be identified, corporate assets are also allocated to individual cash-generating units, or otherwise, they are allocated to the smallest group of cash-generating units for which a reasonable and consistent allocation basis can be identified.
Intangible assets with an indefinite useful life are tested for impairment at least annually and whenever there is an indication at the end of a reporting period that the asset may be impaired.
Recoverable amount is the higher of fair value less costs of disposal and value in use. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset for which the estimates of future cash flows have not been adjusted.
If the recoverable amount of an asset (or cash-generating unit) is estimated to be less than its carrying amount, the carrying amount of the asset (or cash-generating unit) is reduced to its recoverable amount. An impairment loss is recognized immediately in profit or loss.
Where an impairment loss subsequently reverses, the carrying amount of the asset (or cash-generating unit) is increased to the revised estimate of its recoverable amount, but so that the increased carrying amount does not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined had no impairment loss been recognized for the asset (or cash-generating unit) in prior years. A reversal of an impairment loss is recognized immediately in profit or loss to the extent that it eliminates the impairment loss which has been recognized for the asset in prior years.
i.Financial instruments
Financial assets and financial liabilities are recognized in the Company’s statement of financial position when the Company becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instrument.
Financial assets and financial liabilities are initially measured at fair value, except for trade receivables that do not have a significant financing component which are measured at transaction price. Transaction costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition or issue of financial assets and financial liabilities (other than financial assets and financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss) are added to or deducted from the fair value of the financial assets or financial liabilities, as appropriate, on initial recognition. Transaction costs directly attributable to the acquisition of financial assets or financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss are recognized immediately in profit or loss.
Financial assets
All regular way purchases or sales of financial assets are recognized and derecognized on a trade date basis. Regular way purchases or sales are purchases or sales of financial assets that require delivery of assets within the time frame established by regulation or convention in the marketplace.
All recognized financial assets are measured subsequently in their entirety at either amortized cost or fair value, depending on the classification of the financial assets.
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i.Cash and cash equivalents
Cash equivalents are short-term with original maturity of three months or less, highly liquid investments that are readily convertible to a known amount of cash and which are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value. Cash equivalents are held for the purpose of meeting short-term cash commitments rather for investment or other purposes.
Bank balances for which use by the Company is subject to third party contractual restrictions are included as part of cash unless the restrictions result in a bank balance no longer meeting the definition of cash. If the contractual restrictions to use the cash extend beyond 12 months after the end of the reporting period, the related amounts are classified as non-current in the statement of financial position.
ii.Classification of financial assets
Debt instruments that meet the following conditions are measured subsequently at amortized cost:
•The financial asset is held within a business model whose objective is to hold financial assets in order to collect contractual cash flows; and
•The contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding.
Financial assets at amortized cost
The effective interest method is a method of calculating the amortized cost of a debt instrument and of allocating interest income over the relevant period.
For financial assets other than purchased or originated credit-impaired financial assets, the effective interest rate is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash receipts (including all fees and points paid or received that form an integral part of the effective interest rate, transaction costs and other premiums or discounts) excluding expected credit losses, through the expected life of the debt instrument, or, where appropriate, a shorter period, to the gross carrying amount of the debt instrument on initial recognition. For purchased or originated credit-impaired financial assets, a credit-adjusted effective interest rate is calculated by discounting the estimated future cash flows, including expected credit losses, to the amortized cost of the debt instrument on initial recognition.
The amortized cost of a financial asset is the amount at which the financial asset is measured at initial recognition minus the principal repayments, plus the cumulative amortization using the effective interest method of any difference between that initial amount and the maturity amount, adjusted for any loss allowance. The gross carrying amount of a financial asset is the amortized cost of a financial asset before adjusting for any loss allowance.
Interest income is recognized using the effective interest method for debt instruments measured subsequently at amortized cost. For financial assets other than purchased or originated credit-impaired financial assets, interest income is calculated by applying the effective interest rate to the gross carrying amount of a financial asset, except for financial assets that have subsequently become credit-impaired. For financial assets that have subsequently become credit-impaired, interest income is recognized by applying the effective interest rate to the amortized cost of the financial asset. If, in subsequent reporting periods, the credit risk on the credit-impaired financial instrument improves so that the financial asset is no longer credit-impaired, interest income is recognized by applying the effective interest rate to the gross carrying amount of the financial asset.
iii.Foreign exchange gains and losses
The carrying amount of financial assets that are denominated in a foreign currency is determined in that foreign currency and translated at the spot rate at the end of each reporting period. Specifically, for financial assets measured at amortized cost that are not part of a designated hedging relationship, exchange differences are recognized in profit or loss.
iv.Impairment of financial assets
The Company recognizes a loss allowance for expected credit losses on investments in debt instruments that are measured at amortized cost. The amount of expected credit losses is updated at each reporting date to reflect changes in credit risk since initial recognition of the respective financial instrument.
The Company always recognizes lifetime expected credit losses (ECL) for trade receivables. The expected credit losses on these financial assets are estimated using a provision matrix based on the Company’s historical credit loss experience, adjusted for factors that are specific to the debtors, general economic conditions and an assessment of both the current as well as the forecast direction of conditions at the reporting date, including time value of money where appropriate.
For all other financial instruments, the Company recognizes lifetime ECL when there has been a significant increase in credit risk since initial recognition. However, if the credit risk on the financial instrument has not increased significantly
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since initial recognition, the Company measures the loss allowance for that financial instrument at an amount equal to 12-month ECL.
Lifetime ECL represents the expected credit losses that will result from all possible default events over the expected life of a financial instrument. In contrast, 12-month ECL represents the portion of lifetime ECL that is expected to result from default events on a financial instrument that are possible within 12 months after the reporting date.
Significant increase in credit risk
In assessing whether the credit risk on a financial instrument has increased significantly since initial recognition, the Company compares the risk of a default occurring on the financial instrument at the reporting date with the risk of a default occurring on the financial instrument at the date of initial recognition. In making this assessment, the Company considers both quantitative and qualitative information that is reasonable and supportable, including historical experience and forward-looking information that is available without undue cost or effort. Forward-looking information includes the future prospects of the industries in which the Company’s debtors operate as well as consideration of various external sources of actual and forecast economic information that relates to the Company’s core operations.
In particular, the following information is taken into account when assessing whether credit risk has increased significantly since initial recognition:
•existing or forecast adverse changes in business, financial or economic conditions that are expected to cause a significant decrease in the debtor’s ability to meet its debt obligations;
•an actual or expected significant deterioration in the operating results of the debtor;
•significant increases in credit risk on other financial instruments of the same debtor; and
•an actual or expected significant adverse change in the regulatory, economic, or technological environment of the debtor that results in a significant decrease in the debtor’s ability to meet its debt obligations.
Irrespective of the outcome of the above assessment, the Company presumes that the credit risk on a financial asset has increased significantly since initial recognition when contractual payments in relation to battery swapping service are more than 30 days past due and when contractual payments in relation to other products and services are more than 90 days past due, unless the Company has reasonable and supportable information that demonstrates otherwise.
Despite the foregoing, the Company assumes that the credit risk on a financial instrument has not increased significantly since initial recognition if the financial instrument is determined to have low credit risk at the reporting date. A financial instrument is determined to have low credit risk if:
•the financial instrument has a low risk of default;
•the debtor has a strong capacity to meet its contractual cash flow obligations in the near term; or
•adverse changes in economic and business conditions in the longer term may, but will not necessarily, reduce the ability of the borrower to fulfill its contractual cash flow obligations
The Company considers a financial asset to have low credit risk when the counterparty has no past due amounts.
The Company regularly monitors the effectiveness of the criteria used to identify whether there has been a significant increase in credit risk and revises them as appropriate to ensure that the criteria are capable of identifying significant increase in credit risk before the amount becomes past due.
Definition of default
The Company considers the following as constituting an event of default for internal credit risk management purposes as historical experience indicates that financial assets that meet either of the following criteria are generally not recoverable:
•when there is a breach of contracts by the debtor; or
•information developed internally or obtained from external sources indicates that the debtor is unlikely to pay its creditors, including the Company, in full without taking into account any collateral held by the Company.
Irrespective of the above analysis, the Company considers that default has occurred when a financial asset in relation to battery swapping service is more than 120 days past due and when a financial asset in relation to other products or services is more than 365 days past due unless the Company has reasonable and supportable information to demonstrate that a more lagging default criterion is more appropriate.
Credit-impaired financial assets
A financial asset is credit-impaired when one or more events that have a detrimental impact on the estimated future cash flows of that financial asset have occurred. Evidence that a financial asset is credit-impaired includes observable data about the following events:
•significant financial difficulty of the debtor;
•a breach of contract, such as a default or past due event;
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•the lenders of the debtor, for economic or contractual reasons relating to the debtor’s financial difficulty, having granted to the debtor concessions that the lenders would not otherwise consider; or
•it is becoming probable that the debtor will enter bankruptcy or other financial reorganization.
Write-off policy
The Company writes off a financial asset when there is information indicating that the debtor is in severe financial difficulty and there is no realistic prospect of recovery, e.g. when the debtor has been placed under liquidation or has entered into bankruptcy proceedings. Financial assets written off may still be subject to enforcement activities under the Company’s recovery procedures, taking into account legal advice where appropriate. Any recoveries made are recognized in profit or loss.
Measurement and recognition of expected credit losses
The measurement of expected credit losses is a function of the probability of default, loss given default and the exposure at default. The assessment of the probability of default and loss given default is based on historical data adjusted by forward-looking information as described above. As for the exposure at default, for financial assets, this is represented by the assets’ gross carrying amount at the reporting date; for financial guarantee contracts, the exposure includes the amount of guaranteed debt that has been drawn down as at the reporting date, together with any additional guaranteed amounts expected to be drawn down by the borrower in the future by default date determined based on historical trend, the Company’s understanding of the specific future financing needs of the debtors, and other relevant forward-looking information.
For financial assets, the expected credit loss is estimated as the difference between all contractual cash flows that are due to the Company in accordance with the contract and all the cash flows that the Company expects to receive, discounted at the original effective interest rate. For a lease receivable, the cash flows used for determining the expected credit losses is consistent with the cash flows used in measuring the lease receivable in accordance with IFRS 16.
If the Company has measured the loss allowance for a financial instrument at an amount equal to lifetime ECL in the previous reporting period, but determines at the current reporting date that the conditions for lifetime ECL are no longer met, the Company measures the loss allowance at an amount equal to 12-month ECL at the current reporting date, except for assets for which the simplified approach was used.
The Company recognizes an impairment gain or loss in profit or loss for all financial instruments with a corresponding adjustment to their carrying amount through a loss allowance account.
v.Derecognition of financial assets
The Company derecognizes a financial asset only when the contractual rights to the cash flows from the asset expire, or when it transfers the financial asset and substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership of the asset to another entity. If the Company neither transfers nor retains substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership and continues to control the transferred asset, the Company recognizes its retained interest in the asset and an associated liability for amounts it may have to pay. If the Company retains substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership of a transferred financial asset, the Company continues to recognize the financial asset and also recognizes a collateralized borrowing for the proceeds received.
On derecognition of a financial asset measured at amortized cost, the difference between the asset’s carrying amount and the sum of the consideration received and receivable is recognized in profit or loss.
Equity instruments
Debt and equity instruments issued by Gogoro are classified as either financial liabilities or as equity in accordance with the substance of the contractual arrangements and the definitions of a financial liability and an equity instrument.
An equity instrument is any contract that evidences a residual interest in the assets of an entity after deducting all of its liabilities. Equity instruments issued by Gogoro are recognized at the proceeds received, net of direct issue costs.
Repurchase of Gogoro’s own equity instruments is recognized and deducted directly in equity. No gain or loss is recognized in profit or loss on the purchase, sale, issue or cancellation of Gogoro’s own equity instruments.
Financial liabilities
All financial liabilities are measured subsequently at amortized cost using the effective interest method or at fair value through profit or loss (“FVTPL”).
i.Subsequent measurement
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Financial liabilities at FVTPL
Financial liabilities are classified as at FVTPL when the financial liability is:
•contingent consideration of an acquirer in a business combination;
•held for trading; or
•it is designated as at FVTPL.
A financial liability is classified as held for trading if either:
•it has been acquired principally for the purpose of repurchasing it in the near term;
•on initial recognition it is part of a portfolio of identified financial instruments that the Company manages together and has a recent actual pattern of short-term profit-taking; or
•it is a derivative, except for a derivative that is a financial guarantee contract or a designated and effective hedging instrument.
A financial liability other than a financial liability held for trading or contingent consideration of an acquirer in a business combination may be designated as at FVTPL upon initial recognition if either:
•such designation eliminates or significantly reduces a measurement or recognition inconsistency that would otherwise arise;
•the financial liability forms part of a group of financial assets or financial liabilities or both, which is managed and its performance is evaluated on a fair value basis, in accordance with the Company’s documented risk management or investment strategy, and information about the grouping is provided internally on that basis; or
•it forms part of a contract containing one or more embedded derivatives, and IFRS 9 permits the entire combined contract to be designated as at FVTPL.
Financial liabilities at FVTPL are measured at fair value, with any gains or losses arising on changes in fair value recognized in profit or loss to the extent that they are not part of a designated hedging relationship. The net gain or loss recognized in profit or loss incorporates any interest paid on the financial liability.
However, for financial liabilities that are designated as at FVTPL, the amount of change in the fair value of the financial liability that is attributable to changes in the credit risk of that liability is recognized in other comprehensive income, unless the recognition of the effects of changes in the liability’s credit risk in other comprehensive income would create or enlarge an accounting mismatch in profit or loss. The remaining amount of change in the fair value of liability is recognized in profit or loss. Changes in fair value attributable to a financial liability’s credit risk that are recognized in other comprehensive income are not subsequently reclassified to profit or loss; instead, they are transferred to retained earnings upon derecognition of the financial liability.
Financial liabilities at amortized cost
Financial liabilities that are not contingent consideration of an acquirer in a business combination, held-for-trading, or designated as at FVTPL, are measured subsequently at amortized cost using the effective interest method.
The effective interest method is a method of calculating the amortized cost of a financial liability and of allocating interest expense over the relevant period. The effective interest rate is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash payments, including all fees and points paid or received that form an integral part of the effective interest rate, transaction costs and other premiums or discounts, through the expected life of the financial liability, or where appropriate a shorter period, to the amortized cost of a financial liability.
ii.Foreign exchange gains and losses
For financial liabilities that are denominated in a foreign currency and are measured at amortized cost at the end of each reporting period, the foreign exchange gains and losses are determined based on the amortized cost of the instruments. These foreign exchange gains and losses are recognized in profit or loss for financial liabilities that are not part of a designated hedging relationship.
The fair value of financial liabilities denominated in a foreign currency is determined in that foreign currency and translated at the spot rate at the end of the reporting period. For financial liabilities that are measured as at FVTPL, the foreign exchange component forms part of the fair value gains or losses and is recognized in profit or loss for financial liabilities that are not part of a designated hedging relationship.
iii.Derecognition of financial liabilities
The Company derecognizes financial liabilities when, and only when, the Company’s obligations are discharged, cancelled or have expired. The difference between the carrying amount of the financial liability derecognized and the consideration paid and payable is recognized in profit or loss.
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j.Provisions
Provisions are recognized when the Company has a present legal or constructive obligation as a result of a past event, it is probable that the Company will be required to settle that obligation and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation.
The amount recognized as a provision is the best estimate of the consideration required to settle the present obligation at the reporting date, taking into account the risks and uncertainties surrounding the obligation. Where a provision is measured using the cash flows estimated to settle the present obligation, its carrying amount is the present value of those cash flows when the effect of the time value of money is material.
When some or all of the economic benefits required to settle a provision are expected to be recovered from a third party, a receivable is recognized as an asset if it is virtually certain that reimbursement will be received and the amount of the receivable can be measured reliably.
Warranties
Provisions for the expected cost of warranty obligations under local sale of goods legislation are recognized at the date of sale of the relevant products, at the management’s best estimate of the expenditure required to settle the Company’s obligations.
k.Revenue recognition
Revenue is measured based on the consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled in a contract with a customer and excludes amounts collected on behalf of third parties. The Company recognizes revenue when it transfers control of a product or service to a customer.
Revenue from sales of hardware
Revenue is recognized when the control of the electric scooters is transferred to the dealerships, retailers or customers. The transaction price of sales of electric scooters received in advance in most of the transactions is recognized as a contract liability at the time of the initial sales transaction and is released when control is transferred. Warranties associated with the sale of electric scooters cannot be purchased separately and serve as an assurance that the products sold comply with the agreed-upon specifications. Accordingly, the Company accounts for warranties in accordance with IAS 37 “Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets” (Note 15).
Revenue from battery swapping service
Revenue from battery swapping service is billed in arrears based on the service plan chosen by customers. For monthly fixed fee plans, monthly charges are recognized as revenue on a straight-line basis over the period when performance obligation is satisfied. For usage plans that contain both monthly fixed fees and variable charges by usage, revenues are recognized based on the usage in accordance with contract terms in addition to fixed monthly charges.
Service revenue
Service revenue mainly includes maintenance services of electric scooters, extended warranty service separately purchased by customers and leasing service of electric scooters. Revenue is recognized over the period in which the services are performed.
l.Leases
The Company as lessee
The Company assesses whether a contract is, or contains, a lease, at inception of the contract. The Company recognizes a right-of-use asset and a corresponding lease liability with respect to all lease arrangements in which it is the lessee, except for short-term leases defined as leases with a lease term of 12 months or less and leases of low value assets. For these leases, the Company recognizes the lease payments as an operating expense on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease unless
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another systematic basis is more representative of the time pattern in which economic benefits from the leased assets are consumed.
The lease liabilities are initially measured at the present value of the lease payments that are not paid at the commencement date, discounted by using the rate implicit in the lease. If this rate cannot be readily determined, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate.
The incremental borrowing rate depends on the term, currency and start date of the lease. The lease liabilities are subsequently measured by increasing the carrying amounts to reflect interest on the lease liabilities using the effective interest method and by reducing the carrying amounts to reflect the lease payments made. The lease liabilities are presented as a separate line in the consolidated statement of financial position.
Lease payments included in the measurement of the lease liability comprise:
•fixed lease payments, including in-substance fixed payments, less any lease incentives receivable;
•variable lease payments that depend on an index or rate, initially measured using the index or rate at the commencement date;
•the amount expected to be payable by the lessee under residual value guarantees;
•the exercise price of purchase options, if the lessee is reasonably certain to exercise the options; and
•payments of penalties for terminating the lease, if the lease term reflects the exercise of an option to terminate the lease.
The Company remeasures a lease liability and makes a corresponding adjustment to the related right-of-use asset whenever:
•the lease term has changed or there is a significant event or change in circumstances resulting in a change in the assessment of exercise of a purchase option, in which case the lease liability is remeasured by discounting the revised lease payments using a revised discount rate;
•the lease payments change due to changes in an index or rate or a change in expected payment under a guaranteed residual value, in which cases the lease liability is remeasured by discounting the revised lease payments using an unchanged discount rate (unless the lease payments change is due to a change in a floating interest rate, in which case a revised discount rate is used); or
•a lease contract is modified and the lease modification is not accounted for as a separate lease, in which case the lease liability is remeasured based on the lease term of the modified lease by discounting the revised lease payments using a revised discount rate at the effective date of the modification.
The right-of-use assets comprise the initial measurement of the corresponding lease liability, lease payments made at or before the commencement day, less any lease incentives received and any initial direct costs. The right-of-use assets are subsequently measured at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses. The right-of-use assets are presented as a separate line in the consolidated statement of financial position.
Whenever the Company incurs an obligation for costs to dismantle and remove a leased asset, restore the site on which it is located or restore the underlying asset to the condition required by the terms and conditions of the lease, a provision is recognized and measured under IAS 37. To the extent that the costs relate to a right-of-use asset, the costs are included in the related right-of-use asset, unless those costs are incurred to produce inventories.
Right-of-use assets are depreciated over the shorter period of lease term and useful life of the right-of-use asset. If a lease transfers ownership of the underlying asset or the cost of the right-of-use asset reflects that the Company expects to exercise a purchase option, the related right-of-use asset is depreciated over the useful life of the underlying asset. The depreciation starts at the commencement date of the lease.
The Company applies IAS 36 to determine whether a right-of-use asset is impaired and accounts for any identified impairment loss.
Variable rents that do not depend on an index or rate are not included in the measurement the lease liability and the right-of-use asset. The related payments are recognized as an expense in the period in which the event or condition that triggers those payments occurs.
As a practical expedient, IFRS 16 permits a lessee not to separate non-lease components, and instead account for any lease and associated non-lease components as a single arrangement.
m.Borrowing costs
Borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of qualifying assets, which are assets that necessarily take a substantial period of time to get ready for their intended use or sale, are added to the cost of those assets, until such time as the assets are substantially ready for their intended use or sale.
All other borrowing costs are recognized in profit or loss in the period in which they are incurred.
n.Government grants
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Government grants are not recognized until there is reasonable assurance that the Company will comply with the conditions attaching to them and that the grants will be received.
Government grants are recognized in profit or loss on a systematic basis over the periods in which the Company recognizes as expenses the related costs for which the grants are intended to compensate. Specifically, government grants whose primary condition is that the Company should purchase, construct or otherwise acquire non-current assets (including property, plant and equipment) are recognized as deferred income in the consolidated statement of financial position and transferred to profit or loss on a systematic and rational basis over the useful lives of the related assets.
Government grants that are receivable as compensation for expenses or losses already incurred or for the purpose of giving immediate financial support to the Company with no future related costs are recognized in profit or loss in the period in which they become receivable.
o.Employee benefits
Retirement and termination benefit costs
Payments to defined contribution retirement benefit plans are recognized as an expense when employees have rendered service entitling them to the contributions. Payments made to state-managed retirement benefit plans are accounted for as payments to defined contribution plans where the Company’s obligations under the plans are equivalent to those arising in a defined contribution retirement benefit plan.
A liability for a termination benefit is recognized at the earlier of when the entity can no longer withdraw the offer of the termination benefit and when the entity recognizes any related restructuring costs.
Short-term and other long-term employee benefits
Liabilities recognized in respect of short-term employee benefits, including wages and salaries, annual leave and sick leave in the period the related service is rendered at the undiscounted amount of the benefits expected to be paid in exchange for that service.
Liabilities recognized in respect of other long-term employee benefits are measured at the present value of the estimated future cash outflows expected to be made by the Company in respect of services provided by employees up to the reporting date.
p.Share-based payment arrangements
Share-based payment transactions of Gogoro
Equity-settled share-based payments to employees and others providing similar services are measured at the fair value of the equity instruments at the grant date. The fair value excludes the effect of non-market-based vesting conditions.
The fair value determined at the grant date of the equity-settled share-based payments is expensed on a straight-line basis over the vesting period, based on the Company’s estimate of the number of equity instruments that will eventually vest. At each reporting date, the Company revises its estimate of the number of equity instruments expected to vest as a result of the effect of non-market-based vesting conditions. The impact of the revision of the original estimates, if any, is recognized in profit or loss such that the cumulative expense reflects the revised estimate, with a corresponding adjustment to reserves.
Equity-settled share-based payment transactions with parties other than employees are measured at the fair value of the goods or services received, except where that fair value cannot be estimated reliably, in which case they are measured at the fair value of the equity instruments granted, measured at the date the entity obtains the goods or the counterparty renders the service.
The Company recognizes stock exchange listing service received in acquiring a special purpose acquisition company as part of a share-based payment transaction, measured as the difference between the fair value of the equity instruments issued to acquire the special purpose acquisition company and the fair value of the identifiable net assets acquired.
q.Taxation
The income tax expense represents the sum of the tax currently payable and deferred tax.
Current tax
The tax currently payable is based on taxable profit for the year. Taxable profit differs from net profit as reported in profit or loss because it excludes items of income or expense that are taxable or deductible in other years and it further excludes items that are never taxable or deductible. The Company’s liability for current tax is calculated using tax rates that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the end of the reporting period.
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A provision is recognized for those matters for which the tax determination is uncertain but it is considered probable that there will be a future outflow of funds to a tax authority. The provisions are measured at the best estimate of the amount expected to become payable. The assessment is based on the judgement of tax professionals within the Company supported by previous experience in respect of such activities and in certain cases based on specialist independent tax advice.
Deferred tax
Deferred tax is the tax expected to be payable or recoverable on differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities in the financial statements and the corresponding tax bases used in the computation of taxable profit, and is accounted for using the liability method. Deferred tax liabilities are generally recognized for all taxable temporary differences and deferred tax assets are recognized to the extent that it is probable that taxable profits will be available against which deductible temporary differences can be utilized. Such assets and liabilities are not recognized if the temporary difference arises from the initial recognition of other assets and liabilities in a transaction that affects neither the taxable profit nor the accounting profit. In addition, a deferred tax liability is not recognized if the temporary difference arises from the initial recognition of goodwill.
Deferred tax liabilities are recognized for taxable temporary differences arising on investments in subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures, except where the Company is able to control the reversal of the temporary difference and it is probable that the temporary difference will not reverse in the foreseeable future. Deferred tax assets arising from deductible temporary differences associated with such investments are only recognized to the extent that it is probable that there will be sufficient taxable profits against which to utilize the benefits of the temporary differences and they are expected to reverse in the foreseeable future.
The carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at each reporting date and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profits will be available to allow all or part of the asset to be recovered.
Deferred tax is calculated at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the period when the liability is settled or the asset is realized based on tax laws and rates that have been enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date.
The measurement of deferred tax liabilities and assets reflects the tax consequences that would follow from the manner in which the Company expects, at the end of the reporting period, to recover or settle the carrying amount of its assets and liabilities.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset when there is a legally enforceable right to offset current tax assets against current tax liabilities and when they relate to income taxes levied by the same taxation authority and the Company intends to settle its current tax assets and liabilities on a net basis.
Current tax and deferred tax for the year
Current and deferred tax are recognized in profit or loss, except when they relate to items that are recognized in other comprehensive income or directly in equity, in which case the current and deferred tax are also recognized in other comprehensive income or directly in equity respectively.
3.CRITICAL ACCOUNTING JUDGMENTS AND KEY SOURCES OF ESTIMATION UNCERTAINTY
In the application of the Company’s accounting policies, management is required to make judgments, estimates and assumptions about the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. The estimates and associated assumptions are based on historical experience and other factors that are considered relevant. Actual results may differ from these estimates.
The estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognized in the period in which the estimates are revised if the revisions affect only that period or in the period of the revisions and future periods if the revisions affect both current and future periods.
a.Net realizable value of inventories
The Company writes down the carrying amount of inventories to the net realizable value if those inventories are damaged, if they have become wholly or partially obsolete, if their selling prices have declined, if they have been acquired for an excessive period or time, or if they are slow-moving. Estimates of net realizable value are based on the most reliable evidence available at the time the estimates are made, of the amount the inventories are expected to realize. These estimates take into consideration including fluctuations of price or cost directly relating to events occurring after the end of the period to the extent that such events confirm conditions existing at the end of the period.
F-20
b.Provisions for product warranty
The Company accrues a warranty reserve for the electric scooters sold, which includes the Company’s best estimate of the projected costs to repair or replace items under warranties and recalls when identified. These estimates are based on actual claims incurred to date as well as the forecasted claims based on historical experience and an estimate of the working hours, material costs and hourly wage rates, depending on the types of electric scooters. These estimates are inherently uncertain due to the Company’s relatively short history of sales, and changes to our historical or projected warranty experience may cause material changes to the warranty reserve in the future. Warranty expense is recorded as a component of cost of revenue in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income. Refer to Note 15 for information in relation to provisions for product warranty.
c.Share-based payment arrangements
To determine the fair value of the restricted shares granted to the executives and employees, the Company estimates the grant date fair value of its common stock using the income approach which incorporates future growth prospects and economic benefits resulting from the execution of the Company’s business strategy and anticipated operational improvements. Since the Company was previously privately-held, the pricing inputs including the discount rate, perpetual growth rate, etc. are estimated based on its peer or similar companies. If the actual changes of inputs in the future differ from expectation, the fair value might vary accordingly. Refer to Note 21 for information in relation to share-based payment arrangements.
d.Fair value measurement of financial liabilities at FVTPL
Some of the Company’s financial liabilities at FVTPL are categorized within Level 3 in the fair value measurements according to IFRS 13 “Fair Value Measurement.” The valuation of earnout liabilities, earn-in liabilities and Private Placement Warrants are performed using Monte Carlo simulations with unobservable inputs including the volatility in connection with the financial instruments. Significant judgment is required to determine the appropriateness of those unobservable inputs. Refer to Note 12 for information in relation to financial liabilities at FVTPL and Note 23 for information in relation to the fair value measurement.
4.MERGER TRANSACTION
On September 16, 2021, Poema Global Holdings Corp., an exempted company incorporated with limited liability under the laws of Cayman Islands (“Poema”) entered into an Agreement and Plan of Merger (the “Merger Agreement”) with Gogoro, Starship Merger Sub I Limited, an exempted company incorporated with limited liability under the laws of Cayman Islands and a wholly-owned subsidiary of Gogoro (“Merger Sub”) and Starship Merger Sub II Limited, an exempted company incorporated with limited liability under the laws of Cayman Islands and a wholly-owned subsidiary of Gogoro (“Merger Sub II”), pursuant to which, among other transactions, on the terms and subject to the conditions set forth therein, (i) Merger Sub will merge with and into Poema (the “First Merger”), with Poema surviving the First Merger as a wholly owned subsidiary of Gogoro, and (ii) Poema will merge with and into Merger Sub II (the “Second Merger” and together with the First Merger, collectively, the “Mergers”), with Merger Sub II surviving the Second Merger as a wholly-owned subsidiary of Gogoro. The Mergers were completed on April 4, 2022 (the “Closing Date”).
Pursuant to the Merger Agreement, each outstanding ordinary share of Poema was converted into one ordinary share of Gogoro on the Closing Date. This resulted in the issuance of 13,618,735 ordinary shares of Gogoro, including 6,393,750 Sponsor Earn-in Shares as disclosed in Note 12, after redemption by shareholders of Poema. Gogoro has been identified as the accounting acquirer and Poema has been identified as the accounting acquiree. The issuance of ordinary shares of Gogoro was regarded as consideration to acquire the net assets of Poema. The rights to Sponsor Earn-in Shares were accounted for as a contingent consideration measured at fair value as of the Closing Date. The remaining ordinary shares of Gogoro were accounted for as a share-based payment transaction measured at the market price of publicly traded ordinary shares of Poema on the Closing Date. As part of the Mergers, the difference between the fair value of consideration and the value of net assets of Poema represented compensation for the stock exchange listing service and was accounted for as a listing expense in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income. A reconciliation of the listing expense is as follows:
F-21
| Merger Transaction | |||||
| Consideration | |||||
| Fair value of ordinary shares of Gogoro, excluding Sponsor Earn-in Shares, as of the Closing Date | $ | ||||
| Fair value of contingent consideration as of the Closing Date (Note 12) | |||||
| Less: Net liabilities of Poema as of the Closing Date | |||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | |||||
| Other assets | |||||
| Warrant liabilities | ( | ||||
| Other liabilities | ( | ||||
| ( | |||||
| Listing expense | $ | ||||
5.CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS
| As of December 31, | |||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||
| Cash on hand | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Checking accounts and demand deposits | |||||||||||
| Time deposits | |||||||||||
| Repurchase agreements collateralized by bonds | |||||||||||
| $ | $ | ||||||||||
| Interest rates | |||||||||||
| Time deposits | |||||||||||
| Repurchase agreements collateralized by bonds | |||||||||||
6.TRADE RECEIVABLES
| As of December 31, | |||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||
| At amortized cost | |||||||||||
| Trade receivables | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Accumulated impairment losses | ( | ( | |||||||||
| $ | $ | ||||||||||
The average credit period ranged from 15 to 30 days. No interest was charged on outstanding trade receivables.
The Company served a large consumer base for its battery swapping service which limited its concentration of credit risk. When having transactions with customers, the Company considered the record of arrears in the past. In addition, the Company had a suspension policy on battery swapping service whereby customers who have delinquent payments would be disallowed from continued charging.
In order to minimize credit risk, the management of the Company had delegated a team responsible for determining credit limits, credit approvals and other monitoring procedures to ensure that follow-up action is taken to recover overdue debts. In addition, the Company reviewed the recoverable amount of each individual trade debt at the end of the reporting period to ensure that adequate allowance is made for possible irrecoverable amounts which the management believes reduces the Company’s credit risk.
The Company measured the impairment losses of trade receivables at an amount equal to lifetime expected credit losses (“ECL”). The expected credit losses on trade receivables were estimated using a provision matrix by referencing to past default experience of the debtor and an analysis of the debtor’s current financial position, adjusted for general economic conditions of the industry in which the debtors operated and an assessment of both the current as well as the forecasted direction of economic conditions at the reporting date.
The Company wrote off a trade receivable when there was information indicating that the debtor was in severe financial difficulty and there was no realistic prospect of recovery. For trade receivables that had been written off, the Company continued to engage in enforcement activity to attempt to recover the receivables overdue. Where recoveries were made, these were recognized in profit or loss.
F-22
The following tables detailed the risk profile of trade receivables based on the Company’s provision matrix.
The Company estimated the ECL for the trade receivables generated by battery swapping service based on past due status. The ECL for trade receivables of sales of hardware were assessed based on the invoice dates.
Trade receivables of battery swapping service
| As of December 31, 2022 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Not Overdue | Overdue under 30 Days | Overdue 31-120 Days | Over 121 Days | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Expected credit loss rate | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Gross carrying amount | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Impairment losses (Lifetime ECL) | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amortized cost | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| As of December 31, 2021 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Not Overdue | Overdue under 30 Days | Overdue 31-120 Days | Over 121 Days | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Expected credit loss rate | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Gross carrying amount | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Impairment losses (Lifetime ECL) | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amortized cost | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Trade receivables other than battery swapping service
| As of December 31, 2022 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
0-90 Days | 91-180 Days | 181-365 Days | Over 365 Days | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Expected credit loss rate | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Gross carrying amount | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Impairment losses (Lifetime ECL) | ( | ( | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amortized cost | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| As of December 31, 2021 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
0-90 Days | 91-180 Days | 181-365 Days | Over 365 Days | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Expected credit loss rate | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Gross carrying amount | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Impairment losses (Lifetime ECL) | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amortized cost | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
The movements of the accumulated impairment losses of trade receivables were as follows:
| For the Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | |||||||||||||||
| Balance as of January 1 | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||
| Amount recognized in profit or loss | |||||||||||||||||
| Write-off | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||
| Exchange differences on translation | ( | ||||||||||||||||
| Balance as of December 31 | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||
7.INVENTORIES
| As of December 31, | |||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||
| Raw materials | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Semi-finished goods | |||||||||||
| Merchandise | |||||||||||
| $ | $ | ||||||||||
F-23
8.OTHER ASSETS
| As of December 31, | |||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||
| Non-financial assets | |||||||||||
| Temporary payments for commodity tax | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Input tax from business tax | |||||||||||
| Prepayments for property, plant and equipment | |||||||||||
| Prepaid expenses | |||||||||||
| Prepayments to suppliers | |||||||||||
| Intangible assets | |||||||||||
| Current tax assets | |||||||||||
| Others | |||||||||||
| Financial assets | |||||||||||
| Refundable deposits | |||||||||||
| Time deposits with original maturities more than three months | |||||||||||
| Restricted demand deposits | |||||||||||
| Restricted time deposits | |||||||||||
| Others | |||||||||||
| $ | $ | ||||||||||
| Current | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Non-current | |||||||||||
| $ | $ | ||||||||||
| Interest rates | |||||||||||
| Time deposits with original maturities of more than three months | |||||||||||
| Restricted time deposits | |||||||||||
The following assets were provided as collaterals:
| As of December 31, | |||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||
| Demand deposits pledged for bank loans | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Time deposits pledged for government grants | |||||||||||
| Time deposits pledged for litigation* | |||||||||||
| $ | $ | ||||||||||
*On April 1, 2022, the Company initiated a litigation to claim compensation resulting from trade secret infringement in Taiwan district court. The Company lodged a security bond in the amount of NT$100,000 thousand (approximately $3,256 thousand) at the court's lodge office to enforce the provisional attachment order associated with the said litigation against some of the defendants as security for any potential damages claimed due to a false provisional attachment, if any. The case is currently undergoing proceedings in the district court, the said provisional attachment remains valid.
F-24
9.PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT
| As of December 31, | |||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||
| Carrying amount | |||||||||||
| Batteries | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Machinery equipment | |||||||||||
| Transportation equipment | |||||||||||
| Tooling equipment | |||||||||||
| Office equipment | |||||||||||
| Leasehold improvements | |||||||||||
| Construction in progress | |||||||||||
| $ | $ | ||||||||||
| For the Year Ended December 31, 2022 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Batteries | Machinery Equipment | Transportation Equipment | Tooling Equipment | Office Equipment | Leasehold Improvements | Construction in Progress | Total | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cost | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance as of January 1 | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Additions | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Disposals | ( | ( | ( | ( | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Reclassifications | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Exchange differences on translation | ( | ( | ( | ( | ( | ( | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance as of December 31 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Accumulated depreciation | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance as of January 1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Depreciation expenses | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Disposals | ( | ( | ( | ( | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Exchange differences on translation | ( | ( | ( | ( | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance as of December 31 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Carrying amount as of December 31 | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| For the Year Ended December 31, 2021 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Batteries | Machinery Equipment | Transportation Equipment | Tooling Equipment | Office Equipment | Leasehold Improvements | Construction in Progress | Total | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cost | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance as of January 1 | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Additions | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Disposals | ( | ( | ( | ( | ( | ( | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Transfers from inventory | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Reclassifications | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Exchange differences on translation | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance as of December 31 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Accumulated depreciation | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance as of January 1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Depreciation expenses | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Disposals | ( | ( | ( | ( | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Exchange differences on translation | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance as of December 31 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Carrying amount as of December 31 | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
F-25
| For the Year Ended December 31, 2020 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Batteries | Machinery Equipment | Transportation Equipment | Tooling Equipment | Office Equipment | Leasehold Improvements | Construction in Progress | Total | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cost | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance as of January 1 | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Additions | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Disposals | ( | ( | ( | ( | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Transfers from inventory | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Reclassifications | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Exchange differences on translation | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance as of December 31 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Accumulated depreciation | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance as of January 1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Depreciation expenses | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Disposals | ( | ( | ( | ( | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Exchange differences on translation | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance as of December 31 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Carrying amount as of December 31 | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
a.Property, plant and equipment were depreciated on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful life of the assets:
| Batteries | |||||
| Machinery equipment | |||||
| Transportation equipment | |||||
| Tooling equipment | |||||
| Office equipment | |||||
| Leasehold improvements | |||||
b.Non-cash transactions
| For the Year Ended December 31 | |||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | |||||||||||||||
| Additions to property, plant and equipment | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||
| Changes in prepayments for property, plant and equipment | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||
| Changes in payable for property, plant and equipment | ( | ||||||||||||||||
| Payments for acquisitions of property, plant and equipment | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||
10.LEASE ARRANGEMENTS
a.Right-of-use assets
| As of December 31, | |||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||
| Carrying amounts | |||||||||||
| Land and buildings | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Others | |||||||||||
| $ | $ | ||||||||||
F-26
| For the Year Ended December 31 | |||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | |||||||||||||||
| Additions to right-of-use assets | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||
| Depreciation expenses of right-of-use assets | |||||||||||||||||
| Land and buildings | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||
| Others | |||||||||||||||||
| $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||
b.Lease liabilities
| As of December 31, | |||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||
| Lease liabilities | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Current | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Non-current | |||||||||||
| $ | $ | ||||||||||
| Discount rates | |||||||||||
c.Material lease-in activities and terms
The Company leased certain land, buildings and transportation equipment for the use of plants, offices and business operation with original lease terms of 1 to 10 years. The Company did not have bargain purchase options to acquire the buildings at the end of the lease terms. In addition, the Company was prohibited from subleasing or transferring all or any portion of the underlying assets without the lessor’s consent.
d.Other lease information
| For the Year Ended December 31 | |||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | |||||||||||||||
| Expenses relating to short-term leases and low-value asset leases | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||
| Total cash outflows for leases | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | |||||||||||
The Company leased certain office equipment and other equipment which qualified as short-term leases and low-value asset leases. The Company had elected to apply the recognition exemption and thus, did not recognize right-of-use assets and lease liabilities for these leases.
F-27
11.BORROWINGS
| As of December 31, | |||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||
| Bank loans - Syndicated loans (Note a) | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Bank loans - Loans for batteries (Note b) | |||||||||||
| Bank loans - Loans for procurement and operating capital | |||||||||||
| Bonds (Note c) | |||||||||||
| $ | $ | ||||||||||
| Current | |||||||||||
| Non-current | |||||||||||
| $ | $ | ||||||||||
| Interest rates | |||||||||||
| Bank loans - Syndicated loans - Loans payables | |||||||||||
| Bank loans - Syndicated loans - Bills payables | |||||||||||
| Bank loans - Loans for batteries | |||||||||||
| Bank loans - Loans for procurement and operating capital | |||||||||||
| Bonds | |||||||||||
a.Bank loans - Syndicated loans
| As of December 31, | |||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||
| Loans payables | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Bills payables | |||||||||||
| $ | $ | ||||||||||
| Current | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Non-current | |||||||||||
| $ | $ | ||||||||||
In order to replenish the operating fund for purchasing the batteries of electric scooters, for building battery swapping stations and for developing upgraded batteries of electric scooters, Gogoro Network, Taiwan Branch has signed a syndicated loan agreement with Mega International Commercial Bank Co., Ltd. (the “Mega Bank”), the mandated lead arranger, and other banks or financial institutions as participants in August 2016. Such syndicated loan agreement was renewed in March 2019 with a five-year term loan credit facility of NT$7,200,000 thousand (the “2019 Syndicated Loan”).
The 2019 Syndicated Loan was amended in December 2020 and required the Company to maintain the following financial ratios:
1)Liquidity ratio no lower than 100 %.
2)Debt ratio ((Total liabilities - Lease liabilities) / Total Equity) no higher than 350 % when net profit margin lower than 0%, and no higher than 400 % when net profit margin higher than 0%, respectively.
As of December 31, 2021, the liquidity ratio was lower than 100 % and debt ratio was higher than 400 %. According to the loan agreement, in case of two consecutive failures to meet the above financial ratios or requirements, unless it constituted other breach events, such failure should not be deemed as a breach of loan agreement. However, the Company should submit specific financial improvement measures (including but not limited to capital injection) to the Mega Bank. The Company completed the Mergers and the PIPE Investments on the Closing Date and received approximately $344,757 thousand which in turn significantly improved the Company's liquidity ratio and debt ratio.
Such syndicated loan agreement was further renewed in September 2022 with a five-year term loan credit facility of NT$10,700,000 thousand (the “2022 Syndicated Loan”).
The required financial ratios were amended as follows:
1)Liquidity ratio no lower than 100 %.
F-28
2)Debt ratio ((Total liabilities - Lease liabilities) / Total Equity) no higher than 400 % when net profit margin lower than 0%, and no higher than 450 % when net profit margin higher than 0%, respectively.
As of December 31, 2022, the Company maintained the financial ratios.
Refer to Note 8 for information in relation to demand deposits pledged as collateral.
b.Bank loans - Loans for batteries
| As of December 31, | |||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||
| Loans for batteries | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Current | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Non-current | |||||||||||
| $ | $ | ||||||||||
In order to replenish the operating fund for purchasing the batteries of electric scooters, Gogoro Network, Taiwan Branch entered into a facility agreement with the Mega Bank in January 2021 for a two-year term loan of $200,000 thousand.
The loan required the Company to maintain the following financial ratios:
1)Liquidity ratio no lower than 100 %.
2)Debt ratio ((Total liabilities - Lease liabilities) / Total Equity) no higher than 350 % when net profit margin lower than 0%, and no higher than 400 % when net profit margin higher than 0%, respectively.
As of December 31, 2021, the liquidity ratio was lower than 100 % and debt ratio was higher than 400 %. According to the facility agreement, in case of two consecutive failures to meet the above financial ratios or requirements, unless it constituted other breach events, such failure should not be deemed as a breach of loan agreement. However, the Company should submit specific financial improvement measures (including but not limited to capital injection) to the Mega Bank. The Company completed the Mergers and the PIPE Investments on the Closing Date and received approximately $344,757 thousand which in turn significantly improved the Company’s liquidity ratio and debt ratio.
Such facility agreement was amended in December 2022 to extend the maturity of the outstanding principal amount of NT$3,975,000 thousand to four year and ten months. A modification loss of $900 thousand was recognized in “Finance costs” in profit or loss (Note 18).
The required financial ratios were amended as follows:
1)Liquidity ratio no lower than 100 %.
2)Debt ratio ((Total liabilities - Lease liabilities) / Total Equity) no higher than 400 % when net profit margin lower than 0%, and no higher than 450 % when net profit margin higher than 0%, respectively.
As of December 31, 2022, the Company maintained the financial ratios.
c.Bonds
In July 2018, Gogoro issued unsecured bonds with an notional amount of $100,000 thousand. The major terms of the unsecured bonds were as follows:
| Maturity Date | Interest Rate | Payments | ||||||
| July 2022 | 1st year: 2nd year and 3rd year: 4th year: | Redemption of notional amount: Maturity date Interest payment: Quarterly | ||||||
The agreement required the Company to maintain a net asset value of $100,000 thousand. The principal and associated interest of the unsecured bonds were fully paid in July 2022.
F-29
12.FINANCIAL LIABILITIES AT FAIR VALUE THROUGH PROFIT OR LOSS
| As of December 31, | |||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||
| Earnout liabilities (Note a) | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Earn-in liabilities (Note b) | |||||||||||
| Warrant liabilities (Note c) | |||||||||||
| Redeemable preferred shares (Note d) | |||||||||||
| $ | $ | ||||||||||
a.Earnout liabilities
Pursuant to the Merger Agreement, during the period between the closing date and the sixth anniversary of the closing date, eligible shareholders of Gogoro may receive up to 12,000,000 additional ordinary shares of Gogoro (the “Earnout Shares”), with one-third of the Earnout Shares issuable if over any 20 trading days within any 30 trading day period the volume-weighted average price of the ordinary shares of Gogoro is greater than or equal to $15.00 , $17.50 and $20.00 , respectively (the “Earnout Arrangement”). The rights to the Earnout Shares were recognized as financial liabilities with offset to accumulated deficits in equity. As of December 31, 2022, no Earnout Shares were issued. Refer to Note 23 for information in relation to the fair value measurement of the earnout liabilities.
b.Earn-in liabilities
Concurrently with the execution and delivery of the Merger Agreement, Gogoro, Poema and Poema Global Partners LLC (the “Sponsor”) have entered into a support agreement (the “Sponsor Support Agreement”).
Under the Sponsor Support Agreement, 6,393,750 ordinary shares of Gogoro held by the Sponsor immediately after the first effective time of the Mergers shall become unvested and subjected to forfeiture (the “Sponsor Earn-in Shares”). Subject to the terms and conditions contemplated by the Sponsor Support Agreement, during the period between the closing date and the sixth anniversary of the closing date, one-third of the Sponsor Earn-in Shares shall vest if over any 20 trading days within any 30 trading day period the volume-weighted average price of the ordinary shares of Gogoro is greater than or equal to $15.00 , $17.50 and $20.00 , respectively. The rights to Sponsor Earn-in Shares were accounted for as a contingent consideration for the Mergers and recognized as financial liabilities. As of December 31, 2022, no Sponsor Earn-in Shares were vested. Refer to Note 23 for information in relation to the fair value measurement of the earn-in liabilities.
c.Warrant liabilities
Pursuant to the Merger Agreement, on the closing date, Gogoro assumed warrants previously issued by Poema, consisting of 9,400,000 private placement warrants (the “Private Placement Warrants”) and 17,250,000 public warrants (the “Public Warrants”). The warrants have an exercise price of $11.50 per share, subject to adjustments, and will expire five years after the completion of the Mergers or earlier upon redemption or liquidation. Refer to Note 23 for information in relation to the fair value measurement of the warrant liabilities
d.Redeemable preferred shares
On July 21, 2020, board of directors of Gogoro resolved to issue 22,000 thousand redeemable preferred shares, with a par value of $1 each, at $5 per share. On July 31, 2020, Gogoro issued 20,000 thousand redeemable preferred shares with a total consideration of $100,000 thousand. The subscription terms of the redeemable preferred shares (the “Subscription Shares”) were as follows:
i.The Subscription Shares will have a non-cumulative dividend at a rate of 7 % per annum, which shall be payable in the sole discretion of board of directors of Gogoro. Dividends shall be payable with respect to dividend accrual periods for any given issuance of the Subscription Shares, which are each complete calendar quarter following the issuance of the Subscription Shares. The Subscription Shares shall not participate in the dividend distribution, if any, for ordinary shares.
ii.The Subscription Shares will be non-voting.
iii.The Subscription Shares will have a liquidation preference over all other equity shares of Gogoro.
iv.Gogoro could, in its sole discretion, decide to redeem the Subscription Shares at the amount equal to the issue price of the Subscription Shares held considering the change of exchange rates between initial date and redemption date and also plus the pro rata declared but unpaid dividends, if any. Such redemption shall not take place within one year from the July 31, 2020.
F-30
Considering the fact that the Gogoro had a concrete plan to redeem the preferred shares in the foreseeable future and such financial instrument contained embedded derivatives, the Company recognized the redeemable preferred shares and the embedded derivatives as financial liabilities and designated as at FVTPL.
Pursuant to the resolution of the board of directors in December 2021, Gogoro redeemed all redeemable preferred shares at the redemption amount of $108,149 thousand, including dividends of $2,094 thousand, in January 2022.
13.NOTES AND TRADE PAYABLES
| As of December 31, | |||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||
| Notes payables | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Trade payables | |||||||||||
| $ | $ | ||||||||||
The average term of payment is to four months . The Company had financial risk management policies in place to ensure that all payables are paid within the pre-agreed terms.
14.OTHER LIABILITIES
| As of December 31, | |||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||
| Non-financial liabilities | |||||||||||
| Advance receipts | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Payables for employee benefits | |||||||||||
| Current tax liabilities | |||||||||||
| Others | |||||||||||
| Financial liabilities | |||||||||||
| Accrued expenses | |||||||||||
| Payables for property, plant and equipment | |||||||||||
| Guarantee deposits received | |||||||||||
| $ | $ | ||||||||||
| Current | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Non-current | |||||||||||
| $ | $ | ||||||||||
Advance receipts were mainly from government grants for energy facilities.
15.PROVISIONS FOR PRODUCT WARRANTY
| As of December 31, | |||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||
| Provisions for product warranty | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Current | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Non-current | |||||||||||
| $ | $ | ||||||||||
F-31
Movements of provisions for product warranty for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 were as follows:
| For the Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | |||||||||||||||
| Balance as of January 1 | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||
| Additional provisions recognized in profit or loss | |||||||||||||||||
| Unused provisions reversed in profit or loss | ( | ||||||||||||||||
| Provisions used | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||
| Exchange differences on translation | ( | ||||||||||||||||
| Balance as of December 31 | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||
The Company provided warranty service for its customers. The warranty period for electric scooters was generally two years . The warranty was estimated based on actual claims incurred to date as well as the forecasted claims based on historical experience and an estimate of the working hours, material costs and hourly wage rates, depending on the types of electric scooters.
16.EQUITY
a.Share capital
| As of December 31, | |||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||
Ordinary shares, $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
Series C preferred shares, $ | |||||||||||
| $ | $ | ||||||||||
i.Ordinary shares
| Unit: in Thousands of Shares | |||||||||||
| As of December 31, | |||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||
| Ordinary shares | |||||||||||
| Number of shares authorized | |||||||||||
| Number of shares issued and fully paid* | |||||||||||
*Prior period results had been retrospectively adjusted to reflect the 1:0.8752888353 share subdivision effected on the closing date.
The movements of the number of ordinary shares issued and fully paid were as follows:
| Unit: in Thousands of Shares | |||||||||||||||||
| For the Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | |||||||||||||||
| Number of shares as of January 1 | |||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of restricted shares | |||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of ordinary shares in relation to the Merger Agreement | |||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of ordinary shares in relation to the PIPE Agreements | |||||||||||||||||
| Reacquisition of restricted shares due to forfeiture | ( | ||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of ordinary shares in relation to exercise of share options | |||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of ordinary shares in relation to vesting of restricted stock units | |||||||||||||||||
| Number of shares as of December 31 | |||||||||||||||||
Each ordinary share carries one vote and the right for dividends.
Pursuant to the Merger Agreement, immediately prior to the consummation of the Merger, Gogoro effected a recapitalization, whereby each of ordinary shares of Gogoro that were issued and outstanding was subdivided into 0.8752888353 ordinary shares of Gogoro, such that each ordinary share of Gogoro will have a value of $10.00 per share after giving effect to such share subdivision. All ordinary shares, preferred shares and restricted shares were adjusted retroactively for all periods presented in these consolidated financial statements.
F-32
Pursuant to the Merger Agreement, each outstanding ordinary share of Poema, after redemption by shareholders of Poema, was converted into one ordinary share of Gogoro on the Closing Date. This resulted in the issuance of 13,618,735 ordinary shares of Gogoro, including 6,393,750 Sponsor Earn-in Shares. As of December 31, 2022, no Sponsor Earn-in Shares were vested. Refer to Note 12 for information in relation to Sponsor Earn-in Shares.
Concurrently with the execution of the Merger Agreement, certain investors entered into certain share subscription agreements (each, a “PIPE Agreement”) pursuant to which the investors had committed to subscribe for and purchase 29,482,000 ordinary shares of Gogoro at $10.00 per share for an aggregate purchase price of $294,820 thousand (the “PIPE Investments”). The amount was received on the Closing Date.
ii.Series C preferred shares
| Unit: in Thousands of Shares | |||||||||||
| As of December 31, | |||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||
| Series C preferred shares | |||||||||||
| Number of shares authorized | |||||||||||
| Number of shares issued and fully paid* | |||||||||||
*Prior period results had been retrospectively adjusted to reflect the 1:0.8752888353 share subdivision effected on the closing date.
The movements of the number of ordinary shares issued and fully paid were as follows:
| Unit: in Thousands of Shares | |||||||||||||||||
| For the Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | |||||||||||||||
| Number of shares as of January 1 | |||||||||||||||||
| Repurchase of Series C preferred shares | ( | ||||||||||||||||
| Number of shares as of December 31 | |||||||||||||||||
In 2017, Gogoro issued 85,714 thousand series C preferred shares (adjusted to 75,025 thousand series C preferred shares to reflect the 1:0.8752888353 share subdivision effected on the Closing Date) at an issuance price of $3.50 per share. The major features of series C preferred shares are summarized as follows:
1)The series C preferred shares will have a liquidation preference per share equal to the per share subscription price of such series C preferred shares in preference over the ordinary shares of Gogoro.
2)Each series C preferred share is entitled to the same dividends distributable to each ordinary share as may be declared from time to time by board of directors of Gogoro.
3)The series C preferred shares will convert into ordinary shares on a one to one basis upon the earlier of: (i) at any time immediately before the issuance of any class of shares of Gogoro with rights ranking prior to the series C preferred shares; (ii) Gogoro’s submission of an application with Taipei Exchange for listing on the Emerging Stock Board, or (iii) Gogoro’s submission of a listing application in connection with the IPO to either the Taiwanese Stock Exchange Main Board, Hong Kong Stock Exchange Main Board, Nasdaq or NYSE in connection with its IPO. Prior to an IPO, if Gogoro issues any equity-linked securities for a price per share less than $3.50 per share other than ordinary shares issued in accordance with equity incentive award plans, the series C preferred shares shall be subject to broad-based weighted average anti-dilution protection.
4)Each series C preferred share will have a number of votes equal to the number of ordinary shares into which such series C preferred share is then convertible. The holders of ordinary shares will have one vote per share and will vote together with the ordinary shares, as a single class.
On the Closing Date, immediately prior to the consummation of any of the transactions contemplated by the PIPE Agreements, Gogoro repurchased each series C preferred share that was issued and outstanding for consideration in an amount equal to the initial subscription price for such series C preferred shares. Immediately upon receipt of such consideration, each holder of a series C preferred share applied such amount to the subscription for one ordinary share of Gogoro.
F-33
b.Reserves
| As of December 31, | |||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||
| Capital surplus - Issuance of ordinary shares | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Capital surplus - Expired share options | |||||||||||
| Capital surplus - Employee restricted shares (Note 21) | |||||||||||
| Capital surplus - Employee share options (Note 21) | |||||||||||
| Accumulated deficits | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Other equity | |||||||||||
| $ | $ | ||||||||||
Retained earnings and dividend policy
1)Subject to any rights and restrictions for the time being attached to any shares, or as otherwise provided for in the Companies Act and the Articles of Association of Gogoro, the board of directors of Gogoro may from time to time declare dividends (including interim dividends) and other distributions on shares of Gogoro in issue and authorize payment of the same out of the funds of Gogoro lawfully available therefor.
2)Subject to any rights and restrictions for the time being attached to any shares, Gogoro by ordinary resolution may declare dividends, but no dividend shall exceed the amount recommended by the board of directors of Gogoro.
3)The board of directors may determine, before recommending or declaring any dividend, to set aside out of the funds legally available for distribution such sums as they think proper as a reserve or reserves which shall be applicable for meeting contingencies, or for equalizing dividends or for any other purpose to which those funds may be properly applied and pending such application may, at the determination of the board of directors of Gogoro, either be deployed in business of Gogoro or be invested in such investments as the board of directors of Gogoro may from time to time think fit.
17.OPERATING REVENUES
The Company derived its revenues from contracts with customers for the following products and services:
a.Disaggregation of revenues
| For the Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | |||||||||||||||
| Products and services | |||||||||||||||||
| Sales of hardware and related revenue | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||
| Battery swapping service revenue | |||||||||||||||||
| Leasing service revenue | |||||||||||||||||
| Other revenue | |||||||||||||||||
| $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||
b.Contract balances
| As of December 31, | As of January 1, | ||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | 2021 | |||||||||||||||
| Trade receivables (Note 6) | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||
| Contract liabilities | |||||||||||||||||
| Sales of hardware and battery swapping service revenues | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||
The Company recognized revenues from contract liabilities as of January 1, 2022, 2021 and 2020 amounting to $10,476 thousand, $12,893 thousand and $27,194 thousand for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively.
F-34
18.NET LOSS FROM CONTINUING OPERATIONS
a.Finance costs
| For the Year Ended December 31 | |||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | |||||||||||||||
| Interest expense on bank loans | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||
| Interest expense on bonds | |||||||||||||||||
| Interest expense on lease liabilities | |||||||||||||||||
| Modification loss on bank loans | |||||||||||||||||
| $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||
b.Finance income
| For the Year Ended December 31 | |||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | |||||||||||||||
| Interest income on deposits | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||
| Others | |||||||||||||||||
| $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||
c.Other income
| For the Year Ended December 31 | |||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | |||||||||||||||
| Income related to government grants | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||
| Others | |||||||||||||||||
| $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||
d.Other losses, net
| For the Year Ended December 31 | |||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | |||||||||||||||
| Foreign exchange losses, net | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | |||||||||||
| Losses on disposal of property, plant and equipment | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||
| Others | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||
| $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | ||||||||||||
e.Gains (losses) on financial liabilities at FVTPL
| For the Year Ended December 31 | |||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | |||||||||||||||
| Gains on earnout liabilities | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||
| Gains on earn-in liabilities | |||||||||||||||||
| Gains on warrant liabilities | |||||||||||||||||
| Losses on redeemable preferred shares | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||
| $ | $ | ( | $ | ( | |||||||||||||
F-35
f.Depreciation and amortization expenses
| For the Year Ended December 31 | |||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | |||||||||||||||
| Depreciation expenses of property, plant and equipment | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||
| Depreciation expenses of right-of-use assets | |||||||||||||||||
| Amortization expenses of intangible assets | |||||||||||||||||
| $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||
| An analysis of depreciation expenses by function | |||||||||||||||||
| Costs of revenues | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||
| Operating expenses | |||||||||||||||||
| Sales and marketing | |||||||||||||||||
| General and administrative | |||||||||||||||||
| Research and development | |||||||||||||||||
| $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||
| An analysis of amortization expenses by function | |||||||||||||||||
| Costs of revenues | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||
| Operating expenses | |||||||||||||||||
| Sales and marketing | |||||||||||||||||
| General and administrative | |||||||||||||||||
| Research and development | |||||||||||||||||
| $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||
g.Impairment losses (reversal of impairment losses)
| For the Year Ended December 31 | |||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | |||||||||||||||
| Impairment losses (reversal of impairment losses) on inventories | $ | $ | ( | $ | |||||||||||||
| Impairment losses on trade receivables | |||||||||||||||||
| $ | $ | ( | $ | ||||||||||||||
h.Employee benefits expenses
| For the Year Ended December 31 | |||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | |||||||||||||||
| Short-term employee benefits | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||
| Defined contribution plans | |||||||||||||||||
| Termination benefits | |||||||||||||||||
| Share-based payments | |||||||||||||||||
| $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||
| An analysis of employee benefits expenses by function | |||||||||||||||||
| Costs of revenues | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||
| Operating expenses | |||||||||||||||||
| Sales and marketing | |||||||||||||||||
| General and administrative | |||||||||||||||||
| Research and development | |||||||||||||||||
| $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||
F-36
19.INCOME TAXES RELATING TO CONTINUING OPERATIONS
a.Income tax expense (benefit) recognized in profit or loss
| For the Year Ended December 31 | |||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | |||||||||||||||
| Current tax expense | |||||||||||||||||
| Current year | $ | $ | $ | ( | |||||||||||||
| Deferred tax expense | |||||||||||||||||
| Income tax expense (benefit) | $ | $ | $ | ( | |||||||||||||
A reconciliation of accounting loss and income tax expense (benefit) was as follows:
| For the Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | |||||||||||||||
| Loss before income tax | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | |||||||||||
| Tax at the domestic rates applicable to profits in the country concerned | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | |||||||||||
| Tax effect of expenses that are not deductible for tax purposes | |||||||||||||||||
| Adjustments in respect of prior years | ( | ||||||||||||||||
| Unrecognized loss carryforwards and deductible temporary differences | |||||||||||||||||
| Income tax expense (benefit) | $ | $ | $ | ( | |||||||||||||
The applicable corporate income tax rate applied by the Company for those entities in the ROC was 20 %, while the tax rate for unappropriated earnings was 5 %. Income tax on unappropriated earnings was accrued in the year the earnings arose and adjusted to the extent that the unappropriated earnings were distributed in the following year. The earnings generated from 2019 was qualified for tax deduction under Statute of Industrial Innovation of ROC, therefore, the income tax accrued on unappropriated earnings in 2019 was fully reversed in 2020. Tax rates used by other group entities operating in other jurisdictions were based on the tax laws in those jurisdictions.
b.Deductible temporary differences and unused loss carryforwards for which no deferred tax assets have been recognized in the consolidated balance sheets were as follows:
| As of December 31 | |||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||
| Loss carryforwards | |||||||||||
| Expire in 2024 | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Expire in 2025 | |||||||||||
| Expire in 2026 | |||||||||||
| Expire in 2027 | |||||||||||
| Expire in 2028 | |||||||||||
| Expire in 2029 | |||||||||||
| Expire in 2030 | |||||||||||
| Expire in 2031 | |||||||||||
| Expire in 2032 | |||||||||||
| $ | $ | ||||||||||
| Deductible temporary differences | $ | $ | |||||||||
c.Income tax assessments
The income tax returns of Gogoro Taiwan Limited, Gogoro Taiwan Sales and Service Limited and Gogoro Network, Taiwan Branch for the years through 2020 have been assessed and approved by the tax authority. The income tax returns of GoShare Taiwan Limited for the years through 2019 have been assessed and approved by the tax authority.
F-37
20.LOSS PER SHARE
| Unit: in U.S. Dollars Per Share | |||||||||||||||||
| For the Year Ended December 31 | |||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | |||||||||||||||
| Basic and diluted loss per share | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | |||||||||||
a.Net loss
| For the Year Ended December 31 | |||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | |||||||||||||||
| Net loss | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | |||||||||||
b.Number of shares
| Unit: in Thousands of Shares | |||||||||||||||||
| For the Year Ended December 31 | |||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | |||||||||||||||
| Weighted average number of ordinary shares used in calculating basic and diluted loss per share | |||||||||||||||||
Weighted average number of ordinary shares used in calculating basic loss per share included ordinary share and potentially preferred shares converted to ordinary shares mandatorily. The share-based payments mentioned in Note 21 and Earnout Shares, Sponsor Earn-in Shares, warrants and redeemable preferred shares mentioned in Note 12 belongs to potential ordinary shares, which were anti-dilutive for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 and hence excluded from calculating diluted loss per share.
Prior period results had been retrospectively adjusted to reflect the 1:0.8752888353 share subdivision effected on the closing date. Refer to Note 16 for information in relation to share subdivision.
21.SHARE-BASED PAYMENT ARRANGEMENTS
As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, there were $40,023 thousand and $30,388 thousand of total unrecognized share-based payments respectively. Share-based payments recognized for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 were amounted to $37,907 thousand, $5,038 thousand and nil respectively.
a.Restricted shares
Pursuant to the 2019 Equity Incentive Award Plan, Gogoro granted 8,901 thousand restricted shares (adjusted to 7,791 thousand restricted shares to reflect the 1:0.8752888353 share subdivision effected on the Closing Date) to certain executives and employees in September 2021 that will be settled in shares of Gogoro. The fair value of employee restricted shares was $5.47 per share (adjusted to $6.25 per share to reflect the 1:0.8752888353 share subdivision effected on the Closing Date) on the grant date derived from the income approach. 25 % of the restricted shares are vested if the employees who are granted employee restricted shares remain employed by Gogoro at the end of each of the four vesting periods.
Subject to the terms of the 2019 Equity Incentive Award Plan, an award agreement may grant Gogoro a repurchase option exercisable upon the termination of a participant’s employment for any reason at a purchase price equal to the original purchase price per share paid by the purchaser to Gogoro for such shares, which repurchase option will lapse pursuant to terms set forth by the administrator. Once restricted share is purchased or received, participants will have the rights equivalent to those of a holder of shares. No adjustment will be made for a dividend or other right for which the record date is prior to the date the restricted share is purchased. Awards may not be transferred, assigned, pledged, donated or otherwise disposed of in any manner, other than with respect to options by the laws of wills and descent. Gogoro had not granted any additional awards under 2019 Equity Incentive Award Plan after September 2021 and such plan had been terminated on the Closing Date.
In relation to the Earnout Arrangement as disclosed in Note 12, eligible employees who are granted employee restricted shares are entitled to their pro rata portion of Earnout Shares if the employee restricted shares are vested in accordance with their terms. The rights to Earnout Shares of employees who are granted employee restricted shares were accounted for as a share-based payment transaction.
F-38
Information of restricted shares was as follows:
| Unit: in Thousands of Shares | |||||||||||
| For the Year Ended December 31 | |||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||
| Shares unvested as of January 1 | |||||||||||
| Shares granted | |||||||||||
| Shares vested | ( | ||||||||||
| Shares forfeited | ( | ||||||||||
| Shares unvested as of December 31 | |||||||||||
For the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, the weighted average fair values at the measurement date of restricted shares granted were nil and $6.25 per share (adjusted to reflect the 1:0.8752888353 share subdivision effected on the Closing Date), respectively. Refer to Note 16 for information in relation to share subdivision.
b.Restricted stock units (“RSUs”)
In March 2022, the board of directors approved the 2022 Equity Incentive Plan which became effective on the Closing Date. Pursuant to the 2022 Equity Incentive Plan, Gogoro granted 3,651 thousand RSUs to certain executives and employees in August 2022 that will be settled in shares of Gogoro. Each RSU is settled in one ordinary share of Gogoro. The fair value of employee restricted shares was $5.20 per share on the grant date derived from the quoted price in active markets. 25 % of the RSUs are vested if the employees who are granted RSUs remain employed by Gogoro at the end of each of the four vesting periods.
Gogoro further granted 259 thousand RSUs to certain directors in November 2022 that will be settled in shares of Gogoro. The fair value of RSUs was $2.85 per share on the grant date using the quoted prices in active markets. The RSUs were vested immediately on the grant date.
Information of RSUs was as follows:
| Unit: in Thousands of Shares | |||||
| For the Year Ended December 31 | |||||
| 2022 | |||||
| RSUs unvested as of January 1 | |||||
| RSUs granted | |||||
| RSUs vested | ( | ||||
| RSUs forfeited | ( | ||||
| RSUs unvested as of December 31 | |||||
For the year ended December 31, 2022, the weighted average fair value at the measurement date of RSUs granted was $5.04 per share.
c.Share options
Pursuant to the 2022 Equity Incentive Plan, Gogoro granted 4,874 thousand share options to certain executives and employees in August 2022. Each share option entitles the holder to purchase one ordinary share of Gogoro. 25 % of the share options are vested if the employees who are granted share options remain employed by Gogoro at the end of each of the four vesting periods.
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Information of share options was as follows:
| For the Year Ended December 31 | |||||||||||
| 2022 | |||||||||||
| Options (in Thousands) | Weighted Average Exercise Price | ||||||||||
| Options outstanding as of January 1 | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Options granted | |||||||||||
| Options forfeited | ( | ||||||||||
| Options exercised | ( | ||||||||||
| Options outstanding as of December 31 | |||||||||||
| Options exercisable as of December 31 | |||||||||||
For the year ended December 31, 2022, the weighted average fair value at the measurement date of the share options granted was $3.03 and the weighted average share price at the dates of exercise of the share options exercised was $5.26 per share. As of December 31, 2022, the share options outstanding had a exercise price of $5.20 per share and a weighted average remaining contractual life of 9.6 years.
The fair values of share options on the grant date were derived from the Binomial Model. The inputs to the model were as follows:
| Share Options Granted in August 2022 | |||||
| Weighted average share price (in U.S. dollars per share) | $ | ||||
| Weighted average exercise price (in U.S. dollars per share) | $ | ||||
| Expected volatility | % | ||||
| Option life (in years) | |||||
| Expected dividend yield | % | ||||
| Risk-free interest rate | % | ||||
| Expected early exercise multiple | 2.2 | ||||
22.CAPITAL MANAGEMENT
The Company managed its capital to ensure that entities controlled by Gogoro would be able to continue as going concerns while maximizing the return to shareholders through the optimization of the debt and equity balance.
Key management personnel of the Company reviewed the capital structure periodically. In order to balance the overall capital structure, the Company may adjust the amounts of loan from borrowings, the number of new shares issued or other equity instruments.
23.FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
a.Fair value of financial instruments that are not measured at fair value
Financial instruments not measured at fair value held by the Company included financial assets and financial liabilities measured at amortized cost. The management considered that the carrying amounts of these financial assets and financial liabilities not measured at fair value approximated their fair values or the fair values could not be measured reliably.
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b.Fair value of financial instruments that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis
i.Fair value hierarchy
| As of December 31, 2022 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Level 1 | Level 2 | Level 3 | Total | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Financial liabilities at FVTPL | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Earnout liabilities | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
| Earn-in liabilities | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Warrant liabilities | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||
| As of December 31, 2021 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Level 1 | Level 2 | Level 3 | Total | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Financial liabilities at FVTPL | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Redeemable preferred shares | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
There were no transfers between the levels of the fair value hierarchy for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020. The Company did not measure any financial assets or financial liabilities at fair value on a non-recurring basis as of December 31, 2022 and 2021.
ii.Reconciliation for recurring fair value measurements categorized within level 3 of the fair value hierarchy
| Earnout liabilities | Earn-in liabilities | Warrant liabilities | Redeemable preferred shares | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance as of January 1, 2021 | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Settlements | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Loss on financial liabilities at FVTPL | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance as of December 31, 2021 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Settlements | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Gains) losses on financial liabilities at FVTPL | ( | ( | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance as of December 31, 2022 | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
For recurring fair value measurements categorized within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy, unrealized gains of $189,147 thousand and unrealized losses of $7,465 thousand were recognized in profit or loss attributable to balances held at the end of the reporting period as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 respectively. The amounts were recognized in “Gains (losses) on financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss” in profit or loss.
F-41
iii.Valuation techniques and inputs used in the fair value measurements
| Financial Instruments | Valuation Techniques and Key Inputs | Significant Unobservable Inputs | Relationship and Sensitivity of Unobservable Inputs to Fair Value | ||||||||
| Warrant liabilities - Public Warrants | Quoted prices in an active market | N/A | N/A | ||||||||
| Warrant liabilities - Private Placement Warrants | Monte Carlo simulation: Volatility and risk-free rate | Volatility (December 31, 2022: | |||||||||
| Earnout liabilities | Monte Carlo simulation: Volatility and risk-free rate | Volatility (December 31, 2022: | |||||||||
| Earn-in liabilities | Monte Carlo simulation: Volatility and risk-free rate | Volatility (December 31, 2022: | |||||||||
| Redeemable preferred shares | Discounted cash flow: Discounted rate | Discount rate (December 31, 2022: N/A; December 31, 2021: | |||||||||
iv.Valuation processes for fair value measurements categorized within level 3 of the fair value hierarchy
The Company engaged third party qualified valuers to perform the valuation where significant unobservable inputs were used in the fair value measurements. The financial department worked closely with the qualified external valuers to establish the appropriate valuation techniques and inputs to the model and confirmed the reliability, independence and correspondence of the information sources in the valuation.
c.Categories of financial instruments
| As of December 31, | |||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||
| Financial assets | |||||||||||
| Financial assets at amortized cost (Note i) | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Financial liabilities | |||||||||||
| Financial liabilities at FVTPL | |||||||||||
| Financial liabilities at amortized cost (Note ii) | |||||||||||
i.The balances included financial assets measured at amortized cost, which comprised cash and cash equivalents, trade receivables and other financial assets.
ii.The balances included financial liabilities measured at amortized cost, which comprise bank loans, bonds, notes and trade payables, and other financial liabilities.
d.Changes in liabilities arising from financing activities
| For the Year Ended December 31, 2022 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance as of January 1 | Financing Cash Flows | Non-cash Recognition | Changes in Fair Values | Other Changes* | Exchange Differences on Translation | Balance as of December 31 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Bank loans | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Bonds | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Redeemable preferred shares | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Earnout liabilities | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Earn-in liabilities | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Warrant liabilities | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Lease liabilities | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Guarantee deposits received | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| $ | $ | ( | $ | $ | ( | $ | $ | ( | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| For the Year Ended December 31, 2021 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance as of January 1 | Financing Cash Flows | Non-cash Recognition | Changes in Fair Values | Other Changes* | Exchange Differences on Translation | Balance as of December 31 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Bank loans | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Bonds | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Redeemable preferred shares | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Lease liabilities | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Guarantee deposits received | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| For the Year Ended December 31, 2020 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance as of January 1 | Financing Cash Flows | Non-cash Recognition | Changes in Fair Values | Other Changes* | Exchange Differences on Translation | Balance as of December 31 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Bank loans | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Bonds | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Redeemable preferred shares | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Lease liabilities | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Guarantee deposits received | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
*Other changes mainly include interest accruals and payments, new leases and lease modifications.
e.Financial risk management objectives and policies
The Company’s financial risk management objective is to monitor and manage the financial risks relating to the operations of the Company. These risks include market risk (including foreign currency risk and interest rate risk), credit risk and liquidity risk. In order to minimize the effect of financial risks, the Company devoted time and resources to identify and evaluate the uncertainty of the market to mitigate risk exposures.
i.Market risk
The Company’s activities exposed it primarily to the financial risks of changes in foreign currency exchange rates and interest rates.
1)Foreign currency risk
The Company undertook transactions denominated in foreign currencies; consequently, exposures to exchange rate fluctuations arose.
Sensitivity analysis
Since the primary operating entities of the Company are located in Taiwan, which mainly transact in New Taiwan dollars (NTD), those entities were mainly exposed to the fluctuations of USD.
The following table details the Company’s sensitivity to a 1% increase and decrease in NTD against USD. The sensitivity analysis included only outstanding foreign currency denominated monetary items. A positive number below indicated an increase in pre-tax profit (loss) or equity associated with a 1% strengthening of NTD against USD. For a 1% weakening of NTD against USD, there would be an equal and opposite impact on equity, and the balances below would be negative.
| For the Year Ended December 31 | |||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | |||||||||||||||
| Profit or loss | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | |||||||||||
| Equity | |||||||||||||||||
2)Interest rate risk
The Company was exposed to interest rate risk because the entities in the Company borrowed funds at both fixed and floating interest rates. The Company’s interest rate risk was mainly concentrated in the fluctuation of the benchmark interest rate arising from cash and cash equivalents - time deposits and repurchase agreements collateralized by bonds, other financial assets, short-term borrowings, long-term borrowings, bonds payable, financial liabilities
F-43
designated as at FVTPL and leasing liabilities. The carrying amount of the Company’s financial assets and financial liabilities with exposure to interest rates at the end of the reporting period were as follows.
| As of December 31, | |||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||
| Fair value interest rate risk | |||||||||||
| Financial assets | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Financial liabilities | |||||||||||
| Cash flow interest rate risk | |||||||||||
| Financial assets | |||||||||||
| Financial liabilities | |||||||||||
Sensitivity analysis
The sensitivity analysis below was determined based on the Company’s exposure to interest rates for non-derivative instruments at the end of the reporting period. For floating rate liabilities, the analyses were prepared assuming the amount of the liability outstanding at the end of the reporting period was outstanding for the whole year. A 10 basis points increase or decrease was used when reporting interest rate risk internally to key management personnel and represents management’s assessment of the reasonably possible change in interest rates.
If interest rates had been 10 basis points higher/lower and all other variables were held constant, the Company’s loss for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 would increase/decrease by $278 thousand, $392 thousand and $321 thousand, respectively.
ii.Credit risk
Credit risk referred to the risk that counterparty would default on its contractual obligations resulting in financial loss to the Company. The Company’s credit risk was mainly arising from bank deposits, trade receivables, other financial assets and refundable deposits. The Company adopted a policy of only dealing with creditworthy counterparties and financial institutions, where appropriate, as a means of mitigating the risk of financial loss from defaults.
iii.Liquidity risk
The Company managed liquidity risk by monitoring and maintaining a level of cash deemed adequate to finance the Company’s operations and mitigated the effects of fluctuations in cash flows. In addition, management monitored the utilization of bank loans and ensured compliance with loan covenants.
1)Maturity analysis for non-derivative financial liabilities
The following table details the Company’s remaining contractual maturity for its non-derivative financial liabilities with agreed repayment periods. The tables had been drawn up based on the undiscounted cash flows of financial liabilities from the earliest date on which the Company can be required to pay. The tables included both interest and principal cash flows. To the extent that interest flows are floating rate, the undiscounted amount was derived from the interest rate curve at the end of the reporting period.
| As of December 31, 2022 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest Rate | On Demand or Less than 1 Month | 1 to 3 Months | 3 Months to 1 Year | 1 to 5 Years | More than 5 Years | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Non-derivative financial liabilities | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Non-interest bearing liabilities | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Lease liabilities | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Variable interest rate liabilities | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
F-44
| As of December 31, 2021 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest Rate | On Demand or Less than 1 Month | 1 to 3 Months | 3 Months to 1 Year | 1 to 5 Years | More than 5 Years | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Non-derivative financial liabilities | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Non-interest bearing liabilities | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Lease liabilities | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fixed interest rate liabilities | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Variable interest rate liabilities | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2)Bank credit limit
| As of December 31, | |||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||
| Unsecured bank general credit limit | |||||||||||
| Amount used* | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Amount unused | |||||||||||
| $ | $ | ||||||||||
*The calculation of amount used was based on the initial drawdown of the bank loans, and would not be affected before the Company repaid the full amount of the bank loans. The amount used included guarantees for customs duties and government grants.
24.RELATED PARTIES TRANSACTIONS
Balances and transactions between Gogoro and its subsidiaries, which are related parties of Gogoro, have been eliminated on consolidation and are not disclosed in this note. Other than that, the Company's remaining transactions with related parties were immaterial for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020. The names and relationships of related-parties are disclosed below:
| Related Party | Relationship with Gogoro | |||||||
| Nan Shan General Insurance Co., Ltd. | Related party in substance | |||||||
| Nan Shan Life Insurance Co., Ltd. | Related party in substance | |||||||
| Yin Shu-Tien Medical Foundation | Related party in substance | |||||||
| Ruentex Construction International Co., Ltd. | Related party in substance | |||||||
| Ruentex Pai Yi Co., Ltd. | Related party in substance | |||||||
| RT-Mart International Co., Ltd. | Related party in substance | |||||||
Compensation of key management personnel
| For the Year Ended December 31 | |||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | |||||||||||||||
| Share-based payments | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||
| Short-term employee benefits | |||||||||||||||||
| Post-employment benefits | |||||||||||||||||
| $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||
25.SIGNIFICANT CONTINGENT LIABILITIES AND UNRECOGNIZED COMMITMENTS
F-45
26.SEGMENT INFORMATION
Information was reported to the Company’s chief operating decision maker for the purposes of resource allocation and assessment of performance as a single operating segment involving sales of hardware and battery swapping service. As such, the Company had identified one reportable segment.
a.Geographical areas
Information about the Company’s non-current assets excluding financial instruments by geographical location as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 was detailed below:
| As of December 31, | |||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||
| Taiwan | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Others | |||||||||||
| $ | $ | ||||||||||
The Company’s revenue from external customers by geographical location for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 was detailed below:
| For the Year Ended December 31 | |||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | |||||||||||||||
| Taiwan | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||
| Others | |||||||||||||||||
| $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||
b.Major customers
No single customers contributed 10 percent or more to the Company’s revenue for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020.
27.SIGNIFICANT EVENTS AFTER THE REPORTING PERIOD
To further expand the presence in the Indian market, the Company entered into a strategic partnership with Bycyshare Technologies Private Limited (“Zypp”), India's leading EV-as-a-Service platform, for accessing new customers and building brand awareness through co-marketing. In November and December 2022, Gogoro Network Pte. Ltd. entered into certain agreements (“Investment Agreements”) with Zypp and its shareholders to acquire 13.44 % equity interest of Zypp through purchase and subscription of its equity shares and compulsory convertible preferred shares for a total consideration of $16,285 thousand. The consideration was fully paid, and the transaction was consummated in January 2023.
As of December 31, 2022, the investment in Zypp was not recognized as the terms and conditions pursuant to the Investment Agreements were not yet fulfilled.
In October 2021, the Company entered into a contract with Hon Hai Precision Industry Co., Ltd. and committed to invest in a battery pack assembly line in Wuhan, China for approximately $15,000 thousand. In June 2022, the Company entered into a formal sale and purchase agreement with Hongfujin Precision Industry (Wuhan) Co., Ltd., an affiliate of Hon Hai Precision Industry Co., Ltd., in relation to the battery pack assembly line. In March 2023, the sale and purchase agreement was amended to adjust the consideration to approximately $14,173 thousand. The consideration will be settled upon delivery and acceptance of the battery pack assembly line.
F-46
ITEM 19. EXHIBITS
| Exhibit No. | Description | Filed or Furnished Herewith | Incorporation by Reference | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Form | File No. | Exhibit No. | Filing Date | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1.1 | 20-F | 001-41327 | 2.1 | May 2, 2022 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2.1 | 20-F | 001-41327 | 2.1 | May 2, 2022 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2.2 | F-4/A | 333-261181 | 4.1 | March 2, 2022 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2.3 | F-4 | 333-261181 | 4.2 | November 18, 2021 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2.4 | F-4 | 333-261181 | 4.4 | November 18, 2021 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2.5 | 20-F | 001-41327 | 2.5 | May 2, 2022 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 4.1# | F-4 | 333-261181 | 2.1 | November 18, 2021 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 4.2 | F-4 | 333-261181 | 10.2 | November 18, 2021 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 4.3 | F-4 | 333-261181 | 10.3 | November 18, 2021 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 4.3 | F-4 | 333-261181 | 10.4 | November 18, 2021 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 4.4 | F-4 | 333-261181 | 10.5 | November 18, 2021 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 4.5 | F-4/A | 333-261181 | 10.7 | March 2, 2022 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 4.6+ | F-4 | 333-261181 | 10.8 | November 18, 2021 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 4.7+ | F-4 | 333-261181 | 10.9 | November 18, 2021 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 4.8+ | F-4 | 333-261181 | 10.10 | November 18, 2021 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 4.9+ | F-4/A | 333-261181 | 10.11 | March 15, 2022 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 4.10 | F-4/A | 333-261181 | 10.11 | January 12, 2022 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 4.11# | F-4/A | 333-261181 | 10.12 | January 12, 2022 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 4.12 | F-4/A | 333-261181 | 10.13 | January 12, 2022 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
73
| 4.13 | F-4/A | 333-261181 | 10.14 | January 12, 2022 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 4.14 | F-4/A | 333-261181 | 10.15 | January 12, 2022 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 4.15 | F-4/A | 333-261181 | 10.16 | January 12, 2022 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 4.16 | F-4/A | 333-261181 | 10.17 | January 12, 2022 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 8.1 | F-4/A | 333-261181 | 21.1 | January 12, 2022 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 12.1 | * | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 12.2 | * | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 13.1 | ** | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 13.2 | ** | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 15.1 | * | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 101.INS | Inline XBRL Instance Document. | * | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 101.SCH | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document. | * | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 101.CAL | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document. | * | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 101.DEF | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Definition Linkbase Document. | * | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 101.LAB | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document. | * | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 101.PRE | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document. | * | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 104 | Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101). | * | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
* Filed herewith.
** Furnished herewith.
+ Indicates management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement.
# Portions of this exhibit have been omitted in accordance with Item 601(b)(10)(iv) of Regulation S-K.
74
SIGNATURES
The registrant hereby certifies that it meets all of the requirements for filing its annual report on Form 20-F and that it has duly caused and authorized the undersigned to sign this annual report on its behalf.
| Gogoro Inc. | ||||||||
| /s/ Horace Luke | ||||||||
| Horace Luke | ||||||||
| Chairman of the Board of Directors and | ||||||||
| Chief Executive Officer | ||||||||
Date: March 31, 2023 | ||||||||
75