10-Q

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

☒QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES

EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended: September 30, 2023

☐TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES

EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from                      to                

Commission File Number: 001-41090

Southland Holdings, Inc.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware	87-1783910
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	(IRS Employer Identification No.)

1100 Kubota Dr.

Grapevine, TX 76051

(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)

(817) 293-4263

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities Registered Pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of Each Class	Trading Symbol	Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered
Common Stock, par value $0.0001 per share	SLND	NYSE American LLC
Redeemable warrants, exercisable for shares of common stock at an exercise price of $11.50 per share	SLND WS	NYSE American LLC

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.     ☒  Yes  ☐ No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).     ☒  Yes  ☐ No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer	☐	Accelerated filer	☐
Non-accelerated filer	☒	Smaller reporting company	☒
		Emerging growth company	☒

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). ☐  Yes  ☒ No

As of November 9, 2023, there were 47,891,984 shares of common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, issued and outstanding.

SOUTHLAND HOLDINGS, INC.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART I – Financial Information
ITEM 1. Financial Statements	1
- Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (unaudited)	1
- Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations (unaudited)	2
- Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) (unaudited)	3
- Condensed Consolidated Statements of Equity (unaudited)	4
- Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (unaudited)	6
- Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)	7
ITEM 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	19
ITEM 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	31
ITEM 4. Controls and Procedures	31
PART II – Other Information	32
ITEM 1. Legal Proceedings	32
ITEM 1A. Risk Factors	32
ITEM 5. Other Information	34
ITEM 6. Exhibits	35
Signatures	36

Unless otherwise stated in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (this “Quarterly Report”), references to the “Company,” “our,” “us,” “we,” or “Southland” refer to Southland Holdings, Inc.

CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This Quarterly Report includes forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 (the “Securities Act”), as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). These statements are based on the reasonable beliefs and assumptions of our management. Forward-looking statements are inherently subject to risks, uncertainties and assumptions. Generally, statements that are not historical facts, including statements concerning possible or assumed future actions, business strategies, events or results of operations, are forward-looking statements. These statements may be preceded by, followed by or include the words “believes,” “estimates,” “expects,” “projects,” “forecasts,” “may,” “will,” “should,” “seeks,” “plans,” “scheduled,” “anticipates,” “intends” or similar expressions. Forward-looking statements contained in this Quarterly Report include, but are not limited to, statements about our ability to:

● Access, collect and use personal data about consumers;

● Execute our business strategy, including monetization of services provided and expansions in and into existing and new lines of business;

● Anticipate the impact of the novel coronavirus (“COVID-19”) pandemic and its effect on our business and financial condition;

● Manage risks associated with operational changes in response to the COVID-19 pandemic;

● Anticipate the uncertainties inherent in the development of new business lines and business strategies;

● Retain and hire necessary employees;

● Increase brand awareness;

● Attract, train and retain effective officers, key employees or directors;

● Upgrade and maintain information technology systems;

● Acquire and protect intellectual property;

● Meet future liquidity requirements and comply with restrictive covenants related to long-term indebtedness;

● Effectively respond to general economic and business conditions;

● Maintain the listing of our securities on the NYSE American LLC (“NYSE”) or another national securities exchange;

● Obtain additional capital, including use of the debt market;

● Enhance future operating and financial results;

● Anticipate rapid technological changes;

● Comply with laws and regulations applicable to our business, including laws and regulations related to data privacy and insurance operations;

● Stay abreast of modified or new laws and regulations applying to our business;

● Anticipate the impact of, and respond to, new accounting standards;

● Anticipate any rise in interest rates which would increase our cost of capital;

● Anticipate the significance and timing of contractual obligations;

● Maintain key strategic relationships with partners and distributors;

● Respond to uncertainties associated with product and service development and market acceptance;

● Anticipate the ability of the renewable sector to develop to the size or at the rate it expects;

● Manage to finance operations on an economically viable basis;

● Anticipate the impact of new U.S. federal income tax law, including the impact on deferred tax assets; and

● Successfully defend litigation.

Forward-looking statements are not guarantees of performance and speak only as of the date hereof. While we believe that these forward-looking statements are reasonable, there can be no assurance that we will achieve or realize these plans, intentions, or expectations. You should understand that the following important factors, in addition to those discussed under the heading “Item 1A. Risk Factors” to Part I of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended

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December 31, 2022 (the “Annual Report”) “Item 1A. Risk Factors” to Part II of the Quarterly Report and other reports or documents we file with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”), could affect our future results and could cause those results or other outcomes to differ materially from those expressed or implied in the forward-looking statements in this Quarterly Report:

● Litigation, complaints, product liability claims and/or adverse publicity;

● The impact of changes in consumer spending patterns, consumer preferences, local, regional and national economic conditions, crime, weather, demographic trends and employee availability;

● Increases and decreases in utility and other energy costs, increased costs related to utility or governmental requirements;

● Privacy and data protection laws, privacy or data breaches or the loss of data; and

● The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and its effect on business and financial conditions.

These and other factors that could cause actual results to differ from those implied by the forward-looking statements in this Quarterly Report are more fully described under the heading “Item 1A. Risk Factors” in the Annual Report and elsewhere in this Quarterly Report. The risks described under the heading “Item 1A. Risk Factors” in the Annual Report are not exhaustive. Other sections of this Quarterly Report may describe additional factors that could adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations. New risk factors emerge from time to time and it is not possible to predict all such risk factors, nor can we assess the impact of all such risk factors on the business, nor the extent to which any factor or combination of facts may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements. All forward-looking statements attributable to us or persons acting on our behalf are expressly qualified in their entirety by the foregoing cautionary statements. We undertake no obligations to update or revise publicly any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as required by law.

In addition, statements of belief and similar statements reflect our reasonable beliefs and opinions on the relevant subject. These statements are based upon information available to us, as applicable, as of the date of this Quarterly Report, and while we believe such information forms a reasonable basis for such statements, such information may be limited or incomplete, and such statements should not be read to indicate that we have conducted an exhaustive inquiry into, or review of, all potentially available relevant information. These statements are inherently uncertain, involve risks and are subject to change based on various factors, including those discussed under “Item 2. Management Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in this Quarterly Report.

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PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements

SOUTHLAND HOLDINGS, INC.

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (unaudited)

(Amounts in thousands, except share and per share data)	As of
ASSETS	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	32,211	$	57,915
Restricted cash		14,541		14,076
Accounts receivable, net		198,967		135,678
Retainage receivables		125,196		122,682
Contract assets		515,361		512,906
Other current assets		22,635		24,047
Total current assets		908,911		867,304
Property and equipment, net		100,558		114,084
Right-of-use assets		12,858		16,893
Investments - unconsolidated entities		123,666		113,724
Investments - limited liability companies		2,590		2,590
Investments - private equity		3,219		3,261
Deferred tax asset		21,631		—
Goodwill		1,528		1,528
Intangible assets, net		1,822		2,218
Other noncurrent assets		3,171		3,703
Total noncurrent assets		271,043		258,001
Total assets	$	1,179,954	$	1,125,305
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY
Current liabilities
Accounts payable	$	137,347	$	126,385
Retainage payable		39,059		33,677
Accrued liabilities		125,236		121,584
Current portion of long-term debt		47,825		46,322
Short-term lease liabilities		13,922		16,572
Contract liabilities		184,627		131,557
Total current liabilities		548,016		476,097
Long-term debt		261,236		227,278
Long-term lease liabilities		5,314		10,032
Deferred tax liabilities		2,876		3,392
Other noncurrent liabilities		96,343		48,622
Total long-term liabilities		365,769		289,324
Total liabilities		913,785		765,421
Commitment and contingencies (Note 7)
Stockholders' equity
Preferred stock, $0.0001 par value, authorized 50,000,000 shares, none issued and outstanding in 2023		—		—
Preferred stock, $1.00 par value, 24,400,000 shares issued and outstanding in 2022		—		24,400
Common stock, $0.0001 par value, authorized 500,000,000 shares, 47,856,114 and none issued and outstanding in 2023 and 2022, respectively		8		—
Additional paid-in-capital		269,920		—
Accumulated deficit		(13,690)		—
Accumulated other comprehensive loss		(2,551)		(2,576)
Members’ capital		—		327,614
Total stockholders' equity		253,687		349,438
Noncontrolling interest		12,482		10,446
Total equity		266,169		359,884
Total liabilities and equity	$	1,179,954	$	1,125,305

See notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements

1

SOUTHLAND HOLDINGS, INC.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations (unaudited)

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
(Amounts in thousands except shares and per share data)	September 30, 2023		September 30, 2022		September 30, 2023		September 30, 2022
Revenue	$	312,472	$	335,125	$	844,228	$	866,627
Cost of construction		282,943		272,715		829,550		761,549
Gross profit		29,529		62,410		14,678		105,078
Selling, general, and administrative expenses		15,247		15,606		47,266		43,395
Operating income (loss)		14,282		46,804		(32,588)		61,683
Loss on investments, net		(21)		(100)		(3)		(79)
Other income, net		2,151		2,292		23,559		936
Interest expense		(6,231)		(2,285)		(13,790)		(6,317)
Income (loss) before income taxes		10,181		46,711		(22,822)		56,223
Income tax expense (benefit)		5,390		10,588		(11,446)		13,745
Net income (loss)		4,791		36,123		(11,376)		42,478
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests		991		924		2,314		1,474
Net income (loss) attributable to Southland Stockholders	$	3,800	$	35,199	$	(13,690)	$	41,004
Net income (loss) per share attributable to common stockholders
Basic (1)	$	0.08			$	(0.29)
Diluted (1)	$	0.08			$	(0.29)
Weighted average shares outstanding
Basic (1)		47,856,114				46,771,938
Diluted (1)		47,872,042				46,771,938

(1) The structure of Southland’s historical common equity structure was in the form of membership percentages and no shares were issued. As such, reporting periods prior to the three months ended March 31, 2023 will not present share or per share data.

See notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements

2

SOUTHLAND HOLDINGS, INC.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) (unaudited)

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
(Amounts in thousands)	September 30, 2023		September 30, 2022		September 30, 2023		September 30, 2022
Net income (loss)	$	4,791	$	36,123	$	(11,376)	$	42,478
Foreign currency translation adjustment, net of tax		(1,972)		(4,653)		(119)		(2,380)
Comprehensive income (loss), net of tax		2,819		31,470		(11,495)		40,098
Less: Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interest		646		(7,469)		2,170		760
Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to Southland Stockholders	$	2,173	$	38,939	$	(13,665)	$	39,338

See notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements

3

SOUTHLAND HOLDINGS, INC.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Equity (unaudited)

	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023
	Preferred		Common				Additional		Accumulated		Members		Noncontrolling		Total
(Amounts in thousands)	Stock		Stock		AOCI		Paid-In Capital		Deficit		Capital		Interest		Equity
Balance as of December 31, 2022	$	24,400	$	—	$	(2,576)	$	—	$	—	$	327,614	$	10,446	$	359,884
Recapitalization		—		4		—		284,569		—		(327,614)		—		(43,041)
Balance as of December 31, 2022		24,400		4		(2,576)		284,569		—		—		10,446		316,843
Preferred stock repurchase and dividends		(24,400)		—		—		(50,129)		—		—		(24)		(74,553)
Issuance of post-merger earnout shares		—		4		—		34,996		—		—		—		35,000
Distributions to joint venture partner		—		—		—		—		—		—		(110)		(110)
Net income (loss)		—		—		—		—		(4,664)		—		398		(4,266)
Other comprehensive income		—		—		504		—		—		—		2		506
Balance as of March 31, 2023	$	—	$	8	$	(2,072)	$	269,436	$	(4,664)	$	—	$	10,712	$	273,420
Net income (loss)		—		—		—		—		(12,826)		—		925		(11,901)
Other comprehensive income		—		—		1,149		—		—		—		198		1,347
Balance as of June 30, 2023	$	—	$	8	$	(923)	$	269,436	$	(17,490)	$	—	$	11,835	$	262,866
Share based compensation		—		—		—		484		—		—		—		484
Net income		—		—		—		—		3,800		—		991		4,791
Other comprehensive loss		—		—		(1,628)		—		—		—		(344)		(1,972)
Balance as of September 30, 2023	$	—	$	8	$	(2,551)	$	269,920	$	(13,690)	$	—	$	12,482	$	266,169

See notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements

4

SOUTHLAND HOLDINGS, INC.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Equity (unaudited)

	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022
	Preferred		Common				Additional		Members		Noncontrolling		Total
(Amounts in thousands)	Stock		Stock		AOCI		Paid-In Capital		Capital		Interest		Equity
Balance as of December 31, 2021	$	24,400	$	—	$	(937)	$	—	$	267,831	$	11,057	$	302,351
Recapitalization		—		4		—		224,786		(267,831)		—		(43,041)
Balance as of December 31, 2021		24,400		4		(937)		224,786		—		11,057		259,310
Preferred stock repurchase and dividends		—		—		—		(172)		—		(31)		(203)
Distributions to members		—		—		—		316		—		(1,539)		(1,223)
Net income (loss)		—		—		—		(13,601)		—		628		(12,973)
Other comprehensive loss		—		—		(1,562)		—		—		(145)		(1,707)
Balance as of March 31, 2022	$	24,400	$	4	$	(2,499)	$	211,329	$	—	$	9,970	$	243,204
Preferred stock repurchase and dividends		—		—		—		(211)		—		(38)		(249)
Other		—		—		(1)		—		—		—		(1)
Distributions to members		—		—		—		(48)		—		—		(48)
Net income (loss)		—		—		—		19,406		—		(78)		19,328
Other comprehensive income (loss)		—		—		3,987		—		—		(7)		3,980
Balance as of June 30, 2022	$	24,400	$	4	$	1,487	$	230,476	$	—	$	9,847	$	266,214
Preferred stock repurchase and dividends		—		—		—		(298)		—		(53)		(351)
Net income		—		—		—		35,199		—		924		36,123
Other comprehensive loss		—		—		(4,090)		—		—		(563)		(4,653)
Balance as of September 30, 2022	$	24,400	$	4	$	(2,603)	$	265,377	$	—	$	10,155	$	297,333

See notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements

5

SOUTHLAND HOLDINGS, INC.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (unaudited)

	Nine Months Ended
(Amounts in thousands)	September 30, 2023		September 30, 2022
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income (loss)	$	(11,376)	$	42,478
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash used in operating activities
Depreciation and amortization		24,704		35,163
Deferred taxes		(22,148)		(440)
Change in fair value of earnout liability		(20,689)		—
Share based compensation		484		—
Gain on sale of assets		(118)		(1,343)
Foreign currency remeasurement (gain) loss		(37)		746
Earnings from equity method investments		(5,102)		(7,346)
TZC investment present value accretion		(1,828)		(1,758)
Loss (gain) on trading securities, net		3		(257)
Changes in assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable		(69,471)		(24,167)
Contract assets		(4,376)		(72,703)
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		1,564		(1,001)
ROU assets		4,034		930
Accounts payable and accrued expenses		20,584		(6,997)
Contract liabilities		53,048		(29,591)
Operating lease liabilities		(3,991)		(1,206)
Other		(1,873)		(3,444)
Net cash used in operating activities		(36,588)		(70,936)
Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchase of fixed assets		(7,475)		(4,384)
Proceeds from sale of fixed assets		7,461		3,897
Loss on investment in limited liability company		—		336
Proceeds from the sale of trading securities		47		840
Capital contribution to unconsolidated investments		(540)		(1,000)
Net cash used in investing activities		(507)		(311)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Borrowings on line of credit		3,000		55,000
Payments on line of credit		(8,000)		—
Borrowings on notes payable		115,355		115
Payments on notes payable		(111,908)		(31,161)
Payments of deferred financing costs		(578)		—
Advances from related parties		425		—
Payments to related parties		(4)		(405)
Payments on finance lease		(3,538)		(6,298)
Distributions		(110)		(1,556)
Proceeds from merger of Legato II and Southland Holdings, LLC		17,088		—
Net cash provided by financing activities		11,730		15,695
Effect of exchange rate on cash		126		1,834
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash		(25,239)		(53,718)
Beginning of period		71,991		111,242
End of period	$	46,752	$	57,524
Supplemental cash flow information
Cash paid for income taxes	$	3,033	$	6,153
Cash paid for interest	$	12,704	$	6,464
Non-cash investing and financing activities:
Lease assets obtained in exchange for new leases	$	8,529	$	12,537
Assets obtained in exchange for notes payable	$	8,626	$	3,397
Issuance of post-merger earn out shares	$	35,000	$	—
Dividend financed with notes payable	$	50,000	$	—

See notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements

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SOUTHLAND HOLDINGS, INC.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

Note 1.Description of Business

Overview

Southland Holdings, Inc. (“Southland”) is a diverse leader in specialty infrastructure construction with roots dating back to 1900. The end markets for which we provide services cover a broad spectrum of specialty services within infrastructure construction. We design and construct projects in the bridges, tunnels, communications, transportation and facilities, marine, steel structures, water and wastewater treatment, and water pipelines end markets.

Southland is based in Grapevine, Texas. It is the parent company of Johnson Bros. Corporation, American Bridge Holding Company (“American Bridge”), Oscar Renda Contracting, Southland Contracting, Mole Constructors, Heritage Materials and other affiliates. With the combined capabilities of these six primary subsidiaries and their affiliates, Southland has become a diversified industry leader with both public and private customers. The majority of our customers are located in the United States.

In the second quarter of 2023, Southland decided to discontinue certain types of projects in its Materials & Paving business line (“M&P”) and sold assets related to producing large scale concrete and asphalt. M&P is reported in the Transportation segment. The Company will not be pursuing production of concrete and asphalt products for use on self-performed paving projects where the majority of the scope of work contains large-scale concrete and asphalt production or sale of asphalt and concrete products to third parties. This operational shift will allow the Company to better focus its resources on more profitable lines of business. The Company has concluded this action with M&P does not qualify for Discontinued Operations treatment and presentation under ASC 205-20 as it does not represent a strategic shift in the Company’s business.

Merger

As previously announced, on May 25, 2022, Legato Merger Corp. II, a Delaware corporation (“Legato II”), entered into an Agreement and Plan of Merger (the “Merger Agreement”) with Legato Merger Sub Inc., a Delaware corporation and wholly owned subsidiary of Legato II (“Merger Sub”), and Southland Holdings LLC, a Texas limited liability company (“Southland LLC”).

On February 14, 2023 (the “Closing Date”), as contemplated by the Merger Agreement, Merger Sub merged with and into Southland LLC, with Southland LLC surviving the merger as a wholly owned subsidiary of Legato II (the “Merger”). The transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement are referred to herein collectively as the “Business Combination.” In connection with the Business Combination, Legato II changed its name to “Southland Holdings, Inc.”

The Merger was accounted for as a reverse recapitalization with Southland as the accounting acquirer and Legato II as the acquired company for accounting purposes. Accordingly, all historical financial information presented in the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements represents the accounts of Southland and its subsidiaries as if Southland had been the predecessor Company. The structure of Southland’s historical common equity structure was in the form of membership percentages and no shares were issued. As such, reporting periods prior to the three months ended March 31, 2023 will not present share or per share data.

COVID-19 Considerations

Certain impacts to public health conditions particular to the coronavirus (“COVID-19”) outbreak have had a significant negative impact on our operations and profitability. The continuing extent of the impact to our financial performance will depend on future developments, including (i) the duration and spread of the outbreak, (ii) the restrictions and advisories, (iii) the effects on the financial markets, and (iv) the effects on the economy overall, all of which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted. If our financial performance is impacted because of these developments for an extended period, our results may be materially adversely affected. We cannot anticipate how the potential widespread distribution of a vaccine will mitigate this impact on either

7

COVID-19 or on future variants of the disease.

2. Basis of Presentation

Consolidated U.S. GAAP Presentation

These interim unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with United States generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”). The Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) contains guidance that form GAAP. New guidance is released via Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”).

The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared by us pursuant to the rules and regulations of the SEC regarding interim financial reporting. Accordingly, certain information and footnote disclosures required by GAAP for complete financial statements have been condensed or omitted in accordance with such rules and regulations. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring adjustments) considered necessary for a fair presentation of the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been included. These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with our Annual Report which was filed on Form 8-K/A on March 22, 2023.

The accompanying balance sheet and related disclosures as of December 31, 2022, have been derived from the 8-K/A filed on March 22, 2023. The Company’s financial condition as of September 30, 2023, and operating results for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, are not necessarily indicative of the financial conditions and results of operations that may be expected for any future interim period or for the year ending December 31, 2023.

The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Southland Holdings, Inc., and our majority-owned and controlled subsidiaries and affiliates. All significant intercompany transactions are eliminated within the consolidations process. Investments in non-construction related partnerships and less-than-majority owned subsidiaries that we do not control, but where we have significant influence are accounted for under the equity method. Certain construction related joint ventures and partnerships that we do not control, nor do we have significant influence are accounted for under the equity method for the balance sheet and the proportionate consolidation method for the statement of operations.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amount of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Management periodically evaluates estimates used in the preparation of the consolidated financial statements for continued reasonableness. It is reasonably possible that changes may occur in the near term that would affect our estimates with respect to the input method, the allowance for credit losses, recoverability of unapproved contract modifications, deferred tax assets, and other accounts for which estimates are required.

Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash

We consider all highly liquid instruments purchased with a maturity of three months or less as cash equivalents. We maintain our cash in accounts at certain financial institutions. The majority of our balances exceed federally insured limits.

We have not experienced any losses in these accounts, and we do not believe they are exposed to any significant credit risk.

Restricted cash and cash equivalents consist of amounts held in accounts in our name at certain financial institutions. These accounts are subject to certain control provisions in favor of various surety and insurance companies for purposes of compliance and security perfections.

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Goodwill and Intangibles

Goodwill and indefinite-lived intangibles are tested for impairment annually in the fourth quarter, or more frequently if events or circumstances indicate that goodwill or indefinite-lived intangibles may be impaired. We evaluate goodwill at the reporting unit level (operating segment or one level below an operating segment). We identify our reporting unit and determine the carrying value of the reporting unit by assigning the assets and liabilities, including the existing goodwill and indefinite-lived intangibles, to the reporting unit. Our reporting units are based on our organizational and reporting structure. We currently identify three reporting units. We begin with a qualitative assessment using inputs based on our business, our industry, and overall macroeconomic factors. If our qualitative assessment deems that the fair value of a reporting unit is more likely than not less than its carrying amount, we then complete a quantitative assessment to determine the fair value of the reporting unit and compare it to the carrying amount of the reporting unit. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, there was no impairment recorded.

Long-Lived Assets

We review long-lived assets, including finite-lived intangible assets subject to amortization, for impairment upon the occurrence of events or changes in circumstances that would indicate that the carrying value of the asset or group of assets may not be recoverable. Recoverability of assets to be held and used is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount of an asset or group of assets to the future net cash flows expected to be generated by the asset or group of assets. If such assets are not considered to be fully recoverable, any impairment to be recognized is measured by the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset or group of assets exceeds its respective fair value. Assets to be disposed of are reported at the lower of the carrying amount or fair value less costs to sell.  During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, we did not identify any triggering events that would require a quantitative assessment.

Accounts Receivable, Net

We provide an allowance for credit losses, which is based upon a review of outstanding receivables, historical collection information, existing economic conditions, and future expectations. Normal contracts receivables are typically due within 10-30 days after the issuance of the invoice and may vary by customer. Retainages are due after completion of the project and acceptance by the contract owner. We may be able to negotiate release of some retainages upon meeting certain milestones. Warranty retainage receivables are due after the expiration of the warranty period, if applicable. Receivables past due more than 120 days are considered delinquent. Delinquent receivables are written off based on individual credit evaluations and specific circumstances of the customer.

As of September 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, we had an allowance for credit losses of $1.5 million.

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

In March 2020, FASB issued ASU 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform (“Topic 848”): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting (“Update 2020-04”), which provides optional expedients and exceptions for applying U.S. GAAP principles to contracts, hedging relationships, and other transactions affected by reference rate reform if certain criteria are met. The amendments in Update 2020-04 apply only to contracts, hedging relationships, and other transactions that reference LIBOR or another reference rate expected to be discontinued because of reference rate reform. We adopted Topic 848 as of January 1, 2021. The expedients and exceptions provided by the amendments do not apply to contract modifications made and hedging relationships entered into or evaluated after December 31, 2022, except for hedging relationships existing as of December 31, 2022, that an entity has elected optional expedients for and that are retained through the end of the hedging relationship. The provisions in Update 2020-04 are effective upon issuance and can be applied prospectively through December 31, 2022. Our adoption of Update 2020-04 did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures. We no longer have any debt that references LIBOR.

In June 2016, FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, (“Topic 326”). The standard requires the immediate recognition of estimated credit losses expected to occur over the life of financial assets rather than the current incurred loss impairment model that recognizes losses when a probability threshold is met. Topic 326 is effective for annual periods beginning after January 1, 2023, and interim periods within those fiscal years. The implementation of Topic

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326 in 2023 did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements given the nature of our contracts and our historical loss experience.

Significant Accounting Policies

The significant accounting policies followed by the Company are set forth in Note 2 to the 8-K/A filed on March 22, 2023, and contained elsewhere herein, other than the policy for warrants, which is included below. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, there were no significant changes in our use of estimates or significant accounting policies.

Warrants

The Company accounts for warrants as either equity-classified or liability-classified instruments based on an assessment of the instruments’ specific terms and applicable authoritative guidance in FASB ASC 480, “Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity” (“ASC 480”), and ASC 815, “Derivatives and Hedging” (“ASC 815”). The assessment considers whether the instruments are freestanding financial instruments pursuant to ASC 480, meet the definition of a liability pursuant to ASC 480, and whether the instruments meet all of the requirements for equity classification under ASC 815, including whether the instruments are indexed to the Company’s own common shares and whether the instrument holders could potentially require “net cash settlement” in a circumstance outside of the Company’s control, among other conditions for equity classification. This assessment, which requires the use of professional judgment, was conducted at the time of warrant issuance and as of each subsequent quarterly period end date while the instruments are outstanding. The Company has concluded that the Public Warrants and Private Warrants issued pursuant to the warrant agreement qualify for equity accounting treatment. 

3. Recapitalization

As discussed in Note 1 – Description of Business, on the Closing Date, the Company issued 33,793,111 shares of common stock to the former members of Southland (“Southland Members”) in exchange for their membership interests in Southland (“Southland Membership Interests”). Southland received net proceeds of $17.1 million. Transaction costs of $9.9 million directly related to the Merger, are included in additional paid-in capital in the condensed consolidated balance sheet as of September 30, 2023. Prior to the Merger, Southland LLC declared a $50.0 million dividend to be payable to Southland Members, which is recorded in other noncurrent liabilities on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. Southland Members, in lieu of cash payment, agreed to receive a promissory note for payment in the future. The notes have a four-year term and accrue interest at 7.0%. Southland, at its discretion, may make interim interest and principal payments during the term.

Immediately after giving effect to the Business Combination, there were 44,407,831 shares of common stock and 14,385,500 warrants, each exercisable for a share of common stock at an exercise price of $11.50 per share (including public and private placement warrants) (“Warrants”), outstanding.

Earnout Shares

Pursuant to the Merger Agreement, Southland Members have the potential to be issued additional consideration of up to 10,344,828 shares of common stock for attaining certain performance targets for the years ended December 31, 2022, and December 31, 2023. On April 27, 2023, Southland issued 3,448,283 shares of common stock to the Southland Members pursuant to the attainment of the 2022 Base Target (as defined in the Merger Agreement).

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4. Fair Value Measurements

Fair value of investments measured on a recurring basis as of September 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, were as follows:

	As of
	September 30, 2023
(Amounts in thousands)	Fair Value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Marketable Securities
Common stocks	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Total		—		—		—		—
Investments Noncurrent
Private equity		3,219		—		—		3,219
Total noncurrent		3,219		—		—		3,219
Overall Total	$	3,219	$	—	$	—	$	3,219

	As of
	December 31, 2022
(Amounts in thousands)	Fair Value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Marketable Securities
Common stocks	$	8	$	8	$	—	$	—
Total		8		8		—		—
Investments Noncurrent
Private equity		3,261		—		—		3,261
Total noncurrent		3,261		—		—		3,261
Overall Total	$	3,269	$	8	$	—	$	3,261

5. Revenue

Revenue is recognized over time using the input method in accordance with ASC 606, measured by the percentage of cost incurred to date to estimated total cost for each contract. This method is used because we believe expended cost to be the best available measure of progress on contracts.

Our contracts are primarily in the form of firm fixed-price and fixed-price per unit. A large portion of our contracts have scope defined adequately, which allows us to estimate total contract value upon the signing of a new contract. Upon signing a new contract, we allocate the total consideration across various contractual promises to transfer a distinct good or service to a customer. These are grouped into specific performance obligations. This process requires significant management judgement. Most of our contracts have a single performance obligation. For contracts with multiple performance obligations, we allocate the total transaction price based on the estimated standalone selling price, which is the total project costs plus a budgeted margin percentage, for each of the performance obligations.

Revenue is recognized when, or as, the performance obligations are satisfied. Our contracts do not include a significant financing component. Costs to obtain contracts are generally not significant and are expensed in the period incurred.

Estimating cost to complete of long-term contracts involves a significant amount of estimation and judgement. For long-term contracts, we use the calculated transaction price, estimated cost to complete the project, and the total costs incurred on the project to date to calculate the percentage of the project that is complete. The costs to complete the project and the transaction price can change due to unforeseen events that can either increase or decrease the margin on a particular project.

Our contract structure allows for variable consideration. A significant portion of this variable consideration comes in the form of change order requests and claims. Other variable consideration can include volume discounts, performance bonuses, incentives, liquidated damages, and other terms that can either raise or lower the total transaction price. We estimate variable consideration based on the probability of being entitled to collection of specific amounts. We include amounts that we believe we have an enforceable right to collect based on our probability of success with specific claims or contractual rights. Our estimates of total variable consideration rely on all available information about our customer including historical, current, and forecasted information.

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Many of our contracts require contract modifications resulting from a change in contract scope or requirements. Change orders are issued to document changes to the original contract. We can have approved and unapproved change orders. Unapproved change orders are contract modifications for which we or our customers have not agreed to terms, scope and price. Contract modifications are necessary for many reasons, including but not limited to, changes to the contract specifications or design from the customer, modification to the original scope, changes to engineering drawings, or other required deviation from the original construction plan. Contract modifications may also be necessary for reasons including, but not limited to, other changes to the contract which may be out of our control, such as rain or other weather delays, incomplete, insufficient, inaccurate engineering drawings, different site conditions from information made available during the estimating process, or other reasons. An unapproved change order may turn into a formal claim if we cannot come to an agreement with the owner but are contractually entitled to recovery of costs and profits for work performed. Costs incurred related to contract modifications are included in the estimated costs to complete and are treated as project costs when incurred. Unless the contract modification is distinct from the other goods and services included within the project, the contract modification is accounted for as part of the existing contract. The effect of any modifications on the transaction price, and our measure of the percentage-of-completion on specific performance obligations for which the contract modification relates, is recognized as a cumulative catch-up adjustment to revenue recognized. In some cases, contract modifications may not be fully settled until after the completion of work as specified in the original contract.

We review and update our contract estimates regularly. Any adjustments in estimated profit on contracts is recognized under the cumulative catch-up method. Under this method, the cumulative impact of the profit adjustment is recognized in the period the adjustment is identified. Revenue and profit in future periods are then recognized using an updated estimate that uses inputs consisting of the remaining transaction price, the remaining contract term, and the remaining costs to be incurred on the project.

If a contract is deemed to be in a loss position, the projected loss is recognized in full, including any previously recognized margin, in the period in which the change in estimate is made. Losses are recognized as an accrued loss provision on the consolidated balance sheets in the accrued liabilities caption. For contract revenue after the date that the loss is accrued, the accrued loss provision is adjusted so that the gross profit for the contract remains zero in future periods, subject to future adjustments to the overall expected profit or loss as determined at such time. As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, we had $16.7 million and $9.4 million, respectively, in accrued loss provision.

As of September 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, we had $180.2 million and $144.2 million, respectively, of unapproved contract modifications included within our various projects’ transaction prices. These modifications are in negotiation with our customers or other third parties.

We estimate the likelihood of collection during the bidding process for new contracts. Customers with history of late or non-payment are avoided in the bidding process. We consider the necessity for write-down of receivable balances in conjunction with GAAP when evaluating our estimates of transaction price and estimated costs to complete our projects.

We bill our customers in conjunction with our contract terms. Our contracts have three main categories, (i) contracts that are billed based on a specific timeline, (ii) contracts that are billed upon the completion of certain phases of work, or milestones, and (iii) contracts that are billed as services are provided. Some of our contracts are billed following the recognition of certain revenue. This creates an asset on our consolidated balance sheets captioned “contract assets.” Other contracts’ schedules allow us to bill customers prior to recognizing revenue. These contracts create a liability on our consolidated balance sheets captioned “contract liabilities.”

We segregate our business into two reportable segments: Transportation and Civil. Our Chief Operating Decision Maker (“CODM”) uses these segments in order to operate the business. Our segments offer different specialty infrastructure services. Our CODM regularly reviews our operating and financial performance based on these segments. Each of our reportable segments is composed of similar business units that specialize in specialty infrastructure projects that are unique.

Our business is managed using revenue and gross profit primarily. Our CODM regularly uses this information to review operating results, plan future bids, allocate resources, target customers, and plan future growth and capital allocations. To determine reportable segment gross profit, certain allocations, including allocations of shared and indirect costs, such as facility costs, equipment costs, and indirect operating expenses, were made.

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Our Civil segment is comprised of Oscar Renda Contracting, Inc., Mole Constructors, Inc., Southland Contracting, Inc., Southland Holdings, LLC, Renda Pacific, LLC, Southland Renda JV, Southland RE Properties, Oscar Renda Contracting Canada, Southland Mole of Canada, Southland Technicore Mole joint venture, and Southland Astaldi joint venture. This segment focuses on projects throughout North America that include the design and construction of water pipeline, pump stations, lift stations, water and wastewater treatment plants, concrete and structural steel, outfall, and tunneling.

Our Transportation segment is comprised of American Bridge, Heritage Materials, LLC, and Johnson Bros. Corporation. This segment operates throughout North America and specializes in services that include the design and construction of bridges, roadways, marine, dredging, ship terminals, and piers, and specialty structures and facilities.

Total assets by segment are not presented as our CODM, as defined by ASC 280, does not review or allocate resources based on segment assets. We do not have material intersegment revenue or gross profit. Joint ventures are classified into the segment with which the projects align.

Segment Revenue

Revenue by segment for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, was as follows:

	Three Months Ended								Nine Months Ended
(Amounts in thousands)	September 30, 2023				September 30, 2022				September 30, 2023				September 30, 2022
			% of Total				% of Total				% of Total				% of Total
Segment	Revenue		Revenue		Revenue		Revenue		Revenue		Revenue		Revenue		Revenue
Civil	$	90,708	29.0	%	$	71,409	21.3	%	$	229,264	27.2	%	$	221,303	25.5	%
Transportation		221,764	71.0	%		263,716	78.7	%		614,964	72.8	%		645,324	74.5	%
Total revenue	$	312,472	100.0	%	$	335,125	100.0	%	$	844,228	100.0	%	$	866,627	100.0	%

Segment Gross Profit

Gross profit by segment for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, was as follows:

	Three Months Ended								Nine Months Ended
(Amounts in thousands)	September 30, 2023				September 30, 2022				September 30, 2023				September 30, 2022
			% of Segment				% of Segment				% of Segment				% of Segment
Segment	Gross Profit		Revenue		Gross Profit		Revenue		Gross Profit		Revenue		Gross Profit		Revenue
Civil	$	12,465	13.7	%	$	8,926	12.5	%	$	27,137	11.8	%	$	28,315	12.8	%
Transportation		17,064	7.7	%		53,484	20.3	%		(12,459)	(2.0)	%		76,763	11.9	%
Gross profit	$	29,529	9.5	%	$	62,410	18.6	%	$	14,678	1.7	%	$	105,078	12.1	%

Revenue earned outside of the United States was 25% and 23% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 5% and 6% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022.

6. Debt

Long-term debt and credit facilities consisted of the following as of September 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022:

	As of
(Amounts in thousands)	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Secured notes	$	218,890	$	177,914
Mortgage notes		754		901
Revolving credit facility		90,000		95,000
Equipment notes		—		31
Total debt		309,644		273,846
Unamortized deferred financing costs		(583)		(246)
Total debt, net		309,061		273,600
Less: Current portion		(47,825)		(46,322)
Total long-term debt	$	261,236		227,278

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The weighted average interest rate on total debt outstanding as of September 30, 2023, was 6.09%. As of September 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, we were in compliance with all debt covenants.

Revolving Credit Facility

In July 2021, we entered into a revolving credit agreement with Frost Bank for $50.0 million. As of December 31, 2022, the revolving credit facility agreement had been amended and increased to $100.0 million. In August 2023, the revolving line of credit was extended through January 15, 2025 and we incurred $0.3 million as deferred financing cost. The revolving credit facility agreement bears interest on drawn balances at 1-month SOFR, subject to a floor of 0.90%, plus an applicable margin rate of 2.10%. As of September 30, 2023, $90.0 million was drawn on the revolver, and we had $10.0 million available. The revolver is collateralized by certain real estate assets, unencumbered assets, and a junior lien position on certain assets of Southland.

Secured Notes

We enter into secured notes in order to finance growth within our business. In July 2023, we refinanced approximately $76.4 million of existing secured notes in exchange for a new equipment note in the amount of $113.5 million. The new equipment note is secured by specific construction equipment assets and has a five-year fully amortizing term at a fixed rate of 7.25%. We incurred $0.3 million as deferred financing cost and $0.6 million as bank service charges in connection with the refinancing. As of September 30, 2023, we had outstanding secured notes scheduled to expire between November 2023 and March 2033. Interest rates on the secured notes range between 1.29% and 8.00%. The secured notes are collateralized by certain assets of Southland’s fleet of equipment.

Mortgage Notes

We also enter into mortgage notes in order to finance growth within our business. As of September 30, 2023, we had outstanding mortgage notes scheduled to expire between October 2023 and February 2029. Interest rates on the mortgage notes range between 3.84% and 5.99%. The mortgage notes are collateralized by certain real estate owned by Southland.

Equipment OEM Notes

We enter into equipment notes in order to complete certain specialty construction projects. As of September 30, 2023, we did not have any outstanding equipment OEM notes that are collateralized by certain equipment owned by Southland.

7. Commitments and Contingencies

Litigation

In the ordinary course of business, we and our affiliates are involved in various legal proceedings alleging, among other things, liability issues or breach of contract or tortious conduct in connection with the performance of services and/or materials provided, the outcomes of which cannot be predicted with certainty. We and our affiliates are also subject to government inquiries in the ordinary course of business seeking information concerning our compliance with government construction contracting requirements and various laws and regulations, the outcomes of which cannot be predicted with certainty.

Some of the matters in which we or our joint ventures and affiliates are involved may involve compensatory, punitive, or other claims or sanctions that, if granted, could require us to pay damages or make other expenditures in amounts that are not currently probable to be incurred or cannot currently be reasonably estimated. In addition, in some circumstances, our government contracts could be terminated, we could be suspended or incur other administrative penalties or sanctions, or payment of our costs could be disallowed. While any of our pending legal proceedings may be subject to early resolution as a result of our ongoing efforts to resolve the proceeding, whether or when any legal proceeding will be resolved is neither predictable nor guaranteed.

Accordingly, it is possible that future developments in such proceedings and inquiries could require us to (i) adjust existing accruals, or (ii) record new accruals that we did not originally believe to be probable or that could not be reasonably estimated. Such changes could be material to our financial condition, results of operations, and/or cash flows in any particular

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reporting period. In addition to matters that are considered probable for which the loss can be reasonably estimated, disclosure is also provided when it is reasonably possible and estimable that a loss will be incurred, when it is reasonably possible that the amount of a loss will exceed the amount recorded, or a loss is probable but the loss cannot be estimated.

Liabilities relating to legal proceedings and government inquiries, to the extent that we have concluded such liabilities are probable and the amounts of such liabilities are reasonably estimable, are recorded on the consolidated balance sheets. A certain number of the claims are insured but subject to varying deductibles, and a certain number of the claims are uninsured. The aggregate range of possible loss related to (i) matters considered reasonably possible, and (ii) reasonably possible amounts in excess of accrued losses recorded for probable loss contingencies was immaterial, as of September 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022. Our estimates of such matters could change in future periods.

Surety Bonds

We, as a condition for entering into a substantial portion of our construction contracts, had outstanding surety bonds as of September 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022. We have agreed to indemnify the surety if the surety experiences a loss on the bonds of any of our affiliates.

Self-Insurance

We are self-insured up to certain limits with respect to workers’ compensation, and general liability and vehicle liability matters, and health insurance. We maintain accruals for self-insurance retentions based upon third-party data and claims history.

8. Income Taxes

Prior to the Merger, Southland LLC, and various domestic subsidiaries, elected to be taxed as an S-corporation, under the provisions of Subchapter S of the Internal Revenue Code. As such, their respective earnings were not subject to entity level income tax, but instead, the owners were liable for federal income taxes on their respective shares of the applicable income. American Bridge and Oscar Renda, two domestic subsidiaries of Southland LLC, had historically been taxed as separate C-corporation and their income subject to entity-level tax.

Following the closing of the Merger on February 14, 2023, Southland LLC, along with various domestic subsidiaries, elected to voluntarily revoke their S-corporation status effective January 1, 2023. As a result, Southland LLC, and their domestic subsidiaries, will elect to file a consolidated corporate income tax return for the 2023 calendar year.  

The federal statutory tax rate is 21%.  Southland’s effective tax rate was 52.9% and 22.7% for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The primary differences between the statutory rate and the effective rate for the three months ended September 30, 2023 were due to state income taxes, as well as income earned in a foreign jurisdiction with a zero tax rate; however, that foreign income is included within U.S taxable income through GILTI. The effective tax rate was 50.1% and 24.4% for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The primary differences between the statutory rate and the effective rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 were due to state income taxes, the release of the valuation allowance recorded on American Bridge’s U.S. and state net deferred tax assets, permanent book to tax difference related to earnouts, and a lower effective rate on overall foreign earnings.

The change in filing structure as a result of the Merger required recording deferred tax assets and liabilities related to entities previously not subject to income tax with $5.1 million being recorded to income tax expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2023. As the Merger did not require acquisition accounting under U.S. GAAP, the recording of these deferred tax assets and liabilities was recorded to current operations in accordance with the requirements under ASC 740.  Additionally, $1.1 million was recorded to income tax expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 due to the change in the state effective tax rate applied to both American Bridge and Oscar Renda deferred tax assets and liabilities.  

As a result of the new U.S. consolidated filing structure, Southland LLC is in a net deferred tax asset position for both federal and state income tax mainly resulting from the capitalization of R&D expenses under IRC 174 offset by a deferred tax liability for the acceleration of depreciation for income tax purposes as for the three and nine month period ended September 30, 2023. Southland LLC is in a three-year cumulative book income position after adjusting for permanent and one-time items and

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is forecasting that the net deferred tax assets, are more-likely-than-not to be fully utilized. Therefore, a valuation allowance is not deemed necessary as of September 30, 2023. The valuation allowance related to American Bridge federal and state net deferred tax assets previously recorded at the year ended December 31, 2022 has been removed resulting in a benefit to income tax of $3.8 million recorded in the three months ended March 31, 2023 and no change was recorded to this in the nine months ended September 30, 2023.

9. Remaining Unsatisfied Performance Obligations

Remaining Unsatisfied Performance Obligations (“RUPO”) consists of two components: (1) unearned revenue and (2) awarded but not started. Unearned revenue includes the revenue we expect to record in the future on in-progress contracts, including 100% of our consolidated joint venture contracts and our proportionate share of unconsolidated joint venture contracts. Contracts that are awarded, but not yet started, are included in RUPO once a contract has been fully executed and/or we have received formal “Notice to Proceed” from the project owner.

Projects included in RUPO may be canceled or modified by customers and may not be indicative of future operating results. It is adjusted to reflect any known project cancellations, revisions to project scope and cost, foreign currency exchange fluctuations and project deferrals, as appropriate.

Fixed price contracts, particularly with federal, state and local government customers, are expected to continue to represent a majority of our total RUPO.

The following schedule shows the RUPO as of September 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022:

	As of
(Amounts in millions)	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Remaining Unsatisfied Performance Obligations	$	2,541	$	2,973

The Company expects to recognize approximately 42% of its RUPOs as revenue during the next twelve months, and the balance thereafter.

10. Cost and Estimated Earnings on Uncompleted Contracts

Contract assets as of September 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, consisted of the following:

	As of
(Amounts in thousands)	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Costs in excess of billings	$	486,077	$	480,825
Costs to fulfill contracts, net		29,284		32,081
Contract assets	$	515,361	$	512,906

Costs and estimated earnings on uncompleted contracts were as follows as of September 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022:

	As of
(Amounts in thousands)	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Costs incurred on uncompleted contracts	$	7,149,753	$	6,874,709
Estimated earnings		450,888		398,917
Costs incurred and estimated earnings		7,600,641		7,273,626
Less: billings to date		(7,299,191)		(6,924,358)
Costs to fulfill contracts, net		29,284		32,081
Net contract position	$	330,734	$	381,349

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Our net contract position is included on the condensed consolidated balance sheets under the following captions:

	As of
(Amounts in thousands)	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Contract assets	$	515,361	$	512,906
Contract liabilities		(184,627)		(131,557)
Net contract position	$	330,734	$	381,349

As of September 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, we had recorded $288.2 million and $260.8 million, respectively, related to claims. The classification of these amounts are represented on the consolidated balance sheets as of September 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, as follows:

(Amounts in thousands)	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Costs in excess of billings	$	190,024	$	156,127
Investments		98,224		104,643
Claims asset total	$	288,248	$	260,770

On January 1, 2022, we had contract liabilities of $111.3 million, of which $14.2 million and $104.9 were recognized as revenue during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022.

On January 1, 2023, we had contract liabilities of $131.6 million, of which $18.9 million and $118.2 were recognized as revenue during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023.

11. Noncontrolling Interests Holders

Southland has several controlling interests including both joint ventures and partnerships. We have controlling interests and allocate earnings and losses in those entities to the noncontrolling interest holders based on our ownership percentages.

We owned an 84.7% interest in Oscar Renda Contracting, Inc. (“Oscar Renda”), as of September 30, 2023, and September 30, 2022.

We owned a 65.0% interest in the Southland Technicore Mole joint venture and a 70.0% interest in the Southland Astaldi joint venture as of September 30, 2023, and September 30, 2022.

We consolidated each of Oscar Renda Contracting, Inc., Southland Technicore Mole joint venture, and Southland Astaldi joint venture because of our control of the entity through our ownership percentage over the joint venture operations. We have fully consolidated revenue, cost of construction, and other costs on our unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations and balances on the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets.

12. Related Party Transactions

Southland occasionally enters into subcontracts with a subcontractor in which certain employees hold a minority ownership. Cost of construction related to this subcontractor was $0.4 million and $0.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and $1.7 million and $0.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Accounts payable balance due to this subcontractor was $0.5 million and $0.1 million as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022. The terms on which Southland enters into agreements with this related party are substantially the same as terms the Company would enter into with a similar, unrelated party.

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13. Earnings (Loss) per Share

Basic and diluted net loss per share for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 consisted of the following (in thousands, except shares and per share amounts):

	Three Months Ended		Nine Months Ended
	September 30, 2023		September 30, 2023
Numerator:
Net income (loss)	$	4,791	$	(11,376)
Less net income attributable to noncontrolling interests		991		2,314
Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders, basic and diluted		3,800		(13,690)
Denominator(1):
Weighted average common shares outstanding — basic		47,856,114		46,771,938
Add: Dilutive effect of restricted stock units		15,928		-
Weighted average common shares outstanding — diluted		47,872,042		46,771,938
Net income (loss) per share — basic	$	0.08	$	(0.29)
Net income (loss) per share — diluted	$	0.08	$	(0.29)

(1) The structure of Southland’s historical common equity structure was in the form of membership percentages and no shares were issued. As such, reporting periods prior to the three months ended March 31, 2023 will not present share or per share data.

As the average market price of common stock for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 did not exceed the exercise price of the Warrants, the potential dilution from the Warrants converting into 14,385,500 shares of common stock for both periods have been excluded from the number of shares used in calculating diluted net income (loss) per share as their inclusion would have been antidilutive.

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Item 2.Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following discussion and analysis contain forward-looking statements relating to future events or our future financial performance, which involve risk and uncertainties. Our actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements. Please see the discussion regarding forward-looking statements included under the “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” section for a discussion of some of the uncertainties, risks, and assumptions associated with these statements.

The following discussion and analysis present information that we believe is relevant to an assessment and understanding of our condensed consolidated balance sheets, statements of cash flows, and results of operations. This information should be read in conjunction with the condensed consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto.

Overview

Southland Holdings, Inc. (“Southland”) is a diverse leader in specialty infrastructure construction with roots dating back to 1900. The end markets for which we provide services cover a broad spectrum of specialty services within infrastructure construction. We design and construct projects in the following end markets: bridges, tunnels, communications, transportation and facilities, marine, steel structures, water and wastewater treatment, and water pipelines.

Southland is based in Grapevine, Texas. We are the parent company of Johnson Bros. Corporation, American Bridge Company, Oscar Renda Contracting, Southland Contracting, Mole Constructors, and Heritage Materials. With the combined capabilities of these six primary operating subsidiaries and their affiliates, Southland has become a diverse industry leader with both public and private customers.

Business Environment

Both our Civil and Transportation segments continue to identify new opportunities to grow our business, and the future outlook of the end markets we serve remains positive. Although risk and uncertainty exist, including, but not limited to, the items addressed within our forward-looking statements and risk factors, we believe that we are well positioned to compete on new infrastructure projects in both the public and private sectors. We believe that we have the operational excellence, reputation, and technical skill to continue to grow our business.

Our Civil segment operates throughout North America and specializes in services that include the design and construction of water pipeline, pump stations, lift stations, water and wastewater treatment plants, concrete and structural steel, outfall, and tunneling.

Our Transportation segment operates throughout North America and specializes in services that include the design and construction of bridges, roadways, marine, dredging, ship terminals and piers, and specialty structures and facilities. Our Transportation segment is responsible for the construction of bridges and structures including many of the most recognizable bridges, convention centers, sports stadiums, marine facilities, and ferris wheels in the world.

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Market Trends and Uncertainties

In both our Transportation and Civil segments, we have competitors within the individual markets and geographic areas in which we operate, ranging from small, local companies to larger regional, national, and international companies. Although the construction business is highly competitive, there are few, if any, companies which compete in all of our market areas, both geographically and from an end market perspective. The degree and type of competition is influenced by the type and scope of construction projects within individual markets. Equipment ownership and ability to self-perform across numerous disciplines are two of our significant competitive advantages. These two advantages contribute to what sets us apart from our competition. We believe that the primary factors influencing competition in our industry are price, reputation for quality, safety, schedule certainty, relevant experience, availability of field supervision and skilled labor, machinery and equipment, financial strength, as well as knowledge of local markets and conditions. We believe that we can compete favorably in all of these factors.

Many of our competitors have the ability to perform work in either the private or public sectors. When opportunities for work in one sector are reduced, competitors tend to look for opportunities in the other sector. This migration has the potential to reduce revenue growth and/or increase pressure on gross profit margins.

We have seen an increase in demand for specialty construction projects in recent years at the federal, state, and local level. We anticipate the additional spending on infrastructure related to economic stimulus spending including the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act that was passed in 2021, and other federal, state, or local initiatives.

We believe that the combination of our experience, reputation, and technical expertise are unmatched among companies of our size. This combination of skills has allowed us to pursue complex projects with fewer competitors.

Seasonality, Cyclicality, and Variability

The results of our operations are subject to quarterly variations. Much of the variation is the result of weather, particularly rain, ice, snow, heat, wind, and named storms, which can impact our ability to perform construction activities. These weather impacts can affect revenue and profitability in either of our business segments. Any quarter can be affected either negatively or positively by atypical weather patterns in any part of North America, or other areas in which we operate. Traditionally, our first quarter is the most weather-affected; however, this may or may not necessarily be true in future periods.

Our business may also be affected by overall economic market conditions, including but not limited to declines in spending by project owners, delays in new projects, by changes in client schedules, or for other reasons.

Key Business Metrics

Backlog

In our industry, backlog is an indicator of future revenue streams for work that has been awarded but not completed. We define backlog as a measure of the total amount of revenue remaining to be earned on projects that have been awarded. We only include a project in our backlog once we have an executed contract, or authorized notice to proceed. As a result, we believe our backlog is firm, although cancellations or scope adjustments may occur.

Backlog should not be considered a comprehensive indicator of future revenue as any of our contracts can be terminated by our customers on relatively short notice, and backlog does not include future work for which we may be awarded. In the event of a cancelation, we are typically reimbursed for all of our costs through a specific contractual date, as well as our costs to demobilize from the project site. Costs may include preconstruction and engineering services as well as that of our subcontractors. Our contracts do not typically grant us rights to revenue reflected in backlog. Projects may remain in backlog for extended periods of time as a result of schedule delays, regulatory requirements, project specific issues, or other reasons. Contract amounts from contracts where a transaction price cannot be reasonably estimated are not included within our backlog amount.

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Other Non-GAAP Financial Measures

In addition to financial results determined in accordance with GAAP, in our industry, it is customary to manage our business using earnings before interest expense, income taxes, depreciation and amortization (“EBITDA”). The Company will also utilize certain adjustments to EBITDA (“Adjusted EBITDA”), which may include but not be limited to certain non-cash charges, stock-based compensation, and other one-time income or expenses. EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA assist management and our Board and may be useful to investors in comparing our operating performance consistently over time as it removes the impact of our capital structure and expenses that do not relate to our core operations.

Critical Accounting Policies

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent liabilities as of the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses earned and incurred, respectively, during the reporting period. Critical accounting estimates are fundamental to the portrayal of both our financial condition and results of operations and often require difficult, subjective, and complex estimates and judgments. We evaluate our estimates and assumptions on an ongoing basis using historical experience and other factors, including the current economic environment, which we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. We adjust such estimates and assumptions when facts and circumstances dictate. As future events and their effects cannot be determined with precision, actual results could differ significantly from these estimates. Changes in these estimates resulting from the continuing changes in the economic environment will be reflected in the financial statements in future periods. With respect to our critical accounting policies and estimates, there have been no material developments or changes from the policies and estimates discussed in our annual disclosures.

More information about our accounting policies can be found in Note 2 of our audited financial statements, and Management’s Discussion and Analysis, for the year ended December 31, 2022 on our Current Report on Form 8-K, as originally filed with the SEC on February 14, 2023 and as subsequently amended on March 22, 2023.

Recent Events

In the second quarter of 2023, Southland decided to discontinue certain types of projects in its Materials & Paving business line (“M&P”) and sold assets related to producing large scale concrete and asphalt. M&P is reported in the Transportation segment. In the third quarter of 2023, M&P contributed $47.8 million to revenue and ($11.3) million to gross profit. As of September 30, 2023, approximately 11% of Southland’s backlog was in M&P, and Southland estimates this work to be completed within the next two years.

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Results of Operations

The following table sets forth summary financial information for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022:

	Three Months Ended
(Amounts in thousands)	September 30, 2023		September 30, 2022
Revenue	$	312,472	$	335,125
Cost of construction		282,943		272,715
Gross profit		29,529		62,410
Selling, general, and administrative expenses		15,247		15,606
Operating income		14,282		46,804
Loss on investments, net		(21)		(100)
Other income, net		2,151		2,292
Interest expense		(6,231)		(2,285)
Income before income taxes		10,181		46,711
Income tax expense		5,390		10,588
Net income		4,791		36,123
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests		991		924
Net income attributable to Southland Stockholders	$	3,800	$	35,199

Revenue

Revenue for the three months ended September 30, 2023, was $312.5 million, a decrease of $22.7 million, or 6.8%, compared to the three months ended September 30, 2022. The decrease was primarily attributable to a decrease in revenue in our Transportation segment, partially offset by an increase in revenue in our Civil segment.

Cost of construction

Cost of construction for the three months ended September 30, 2023, was $282.9 million, an increase of $10.2 million, or 3.8%, compared to the three months ended September 30, 2022. The increase was primarily attributable to an $15.7 million increase in our Civil segment, partially offset by a $5.5 million decrease in our Transportation segment.

Gross profit

Gross profit for the three months ended September 30, 2023, was $29.5 million, a decrease of $32.9 million, or 52.7%, compared to the three months ended September 30, 2022. The decrease was primarily attributable to activity related to the M&P business line discussed in the Recent Events section and progress completions in our Transportation segment.

Selling, general, and administrative costs

Selling, general, and administrative costs for the three months ended September 30, 2023, were $15.2 million, a decrease of $0.4 million, or 2.3%, compared to the three months ended September 30, 2022. The decrease was related to a decrease in professional fees of $1.1 million; partially offset by a $0.3 million increase in costs of becoming a public company and $0.6 million increase in salaries.

Loss on investments, net

Loss on investments, net for the three months ended September 30, 2023, was $0.0 million compared to $0.1 million loss on investments, net for the three months ended September 30, 2022.

Interest expense

Interest expense for the three months ended September 30, 2023, was $6.2 million, an increase of $3.9 million, or 172.7%, compared to the three months ended September 30, 2022. The difference is primarily driven by an increase in

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external borrowings compared to the prior year and higher interest rates on the additional borrowings. We also experienced increased borrowing costs on our revolving line of credit compared to the same period in 2022.

Income tax expense

Income tax expense for the three months ended September 30, 2023, was $5.4 million, or an effective rate of 52.9%. The primary differences between the federal statutory tax rate of 21% and the effective rate were state income taxes, the inclusion of foreign sourced income within U.S. taxable income through GILTI, and the impact of worldwide forecast revisions on the interim calculation under ASC 740.

Income tax expense for the three months ended September 30, 2022, was $10.6 million, or an effective rate of 22.7%. The primary differences between the statutory rate and the effective rate were due to state income taxes and a valuation allowance recorded on American Bridge’s U.S. and state net deferred tax assets, offset with inclusion of earnings from certain filing entities being taxed as pass-through entities and a lower effective rate on overall foreign earnings.

The following table sets forth summary financial information for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022:

	Nine Months Ended
(Amounts in thousands)	September 30, 2023		September 30, 2022
Revenue	$	844,228	$	866,627
Cost of construction		829,550		761,549
Gross profit		14,678		105,078
Selling, general, and administrative expenses		47,266		43,395
Operating income (loss)		(32,588)		61,683
Loss on investments, net		(3)		(79)
Other income, net		23,559		936
Interest expense		(13,790)		(6,317)
Income (loss) before income taxes		(22,822)		56,223
Income tax expense (benefit)		(11,446)		13,745
Net income (loss)		(11,376)		42,478
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests		2,314		1,474
Net income (loss) attributable to Southland Stockholders	$	(13,690)	$	41,004

Revenue

Revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, was $844.2 million, a decrease of $22.4 million, or 2.6%, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2022. The decrease was primarily attributable to a decrease in revenue in our Transportation segment, partially offset by an increase in revenue in our Civil segment.

Cost of construction

Cost of construction for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, was $829.6 million, an increase of $68.0 million, or 8.9%, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2022. The increase was primarily attributable to an $9.1 million increase in our Civil segment and an $58.9 million increase in our Transportation segment.

Gross profit

Gross profit for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, was $14.7 million, a decrease of $90.4 million, or 86.0%, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2022. The decrease was primarily attributable to activity related to the M&P business line discussed in the Recent Events section and progress completions in our Transportation segment.

Selling, general, and administrative costs

Selling, general, and administrative costs for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, were $47.3 million, an increase of $3.9 million, or 8.9%, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2022. The increase was related to an

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increase of $1.8 million increase in costs of becoming a public company and $2.6 million increase in salaries; partially offset by $1.3 million decrease in professional fees.

Loss on investments, net

Loss on investments, net for nine months ended was $0.0 million compared to $0.1 million loss on investments, net for the nine months ended September 30, 2022.

Interest expense

Interest expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, was $13.8 million, an increase of $7.5 million, or 118.3%, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2022. The difference is primarily driven by an increase in external borrowings compared to the prior year and higher interest rates on the additional borrowings. We also experienced increased borrowing costs on our revolving line of credit compared to the same period in 2022.

Income tax expense (benefit)

Income tax benefit for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, was $11.4 million, or an effective rate of 50.1%. The primary differences from the federal statutory tax rate of 21% was driven by state income taxes, the release of the valuation allowance recorded on American Bridge’s U.S. and state net deferred tax assets, permanent book to tax difference related to earnouts and GILTI, a lower effective rate on overall foreign earnings, and elections made by various subsidiaries to voluntarily revoke their S-corporation status effective January 1, 2023.

Income tax expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, was $13.7 million, or an effective rate of 24.4%. The primary differences between the statutory rate and the effective rate were due to state income taxes and a valuation allowance recorded on American Bridge’s U.S. and state net deferred tax assets, offset with inclusion of earnings from certain filing entities being taxed as pass-through entities and a lower effective rate on overall foreign earnings.

Segment Results

The following table sets forth segment information for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022:

	Three Months Ended
(Amounts in thousands)	September 30, 2023				September 30, 2022
			% of Total				% of Total
Segment	Revenue		Revenue		Revenue		Revenue
Civil	$	90,708	29.0	%	$	71,409	21.3	%
Transportation		221,764	71.0	%		263,716	78.7	%
Total revenue	$	312,472	100.0	%	$	335,125	100.0	%

	Three Months Ended
(Amounts in thousands)	September 30, 2023				September 30, 2022
			% of Segment				% of Segment
Segment	Gross Profit		Revenue		Gross Profit		Revenue
Civil	$	12,465	13.7	%	$	8,926	12.5	%
Transportation		17,064	7.7	%		53,484	20.3	%
Gross profit	$	29,529	9.5	%	$	62,410	18.6	%

Civil

Revenue for the three months ended September 30, 2023, was $90.7 million, an increase of $19.3 million, or 27.0%, compared to the three months ended September 30, 2022. This was primarily attributable to increased revenues of $30.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023 versus the same period in 2022, from new projects started in 2023. These increases were offset by decreased revenues of $5.9 million and $5.3 million from a water line project in the Midwest that was completed earlier this year and plant project on the east coast approaching completion, respectively, for the three months ended September 30, 2023 versus the same period in 2022.

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Gross profit for the three months ended September 30, 2023, was $12.5 million, or 13.7% of segment revenue, compared to $8.9 million, or 12.5% of segment revenue, for the three months ended September 30, 2022. The primary contributions to the increase of $3.5 million were increased profit of $8.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023 versus the same period in 2022, from new projects started in 2023. These increases were offset by decreased profit of $3.7 million and $1.0 million from a water line project in the Midwest that was completed earlier this year and plant project on the east coast approaching completion, respectively, for the three months ended September 30, 2023 versus the same period in 2022.

Transportation

Revenue for the three months ended September 30, 2023, was $221.8 million, a decrease of $42.0 million, or 15.9%, compared to the three months ended September 30, 2022. The decrease was primarily attributable to decreased revenues of $17.1 million as we completed projects in M&P, and $57.3 million as we made progress completing the takeover work related to the American Bridge acquisition, in the three months ended September 30, 2023 versus the same period in 2022. These decreases were offset by increased volume on a project in the Bahamas of $27.5 million in the three months ended September 30, 2023 versus the same period in 2022.

Gross profit for the three months ended September 30, 2023, was $17.1 million, or 7.7% of segment revenue, compared to gross profit of $53.5 million, or 20.3% of segment revenue, for the three months ended September 30, 2022. The primary contributions to the decrease of $36.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023 versus the same period in 2022 were decreases in profitability of $3.7 million in M&P, and $29.2 million as we make progress completing the takeover work related to the American Bridge acquisition.

The following table sets forth segment information for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022:

	Nine Months Ended
(Amounts in thousands)	September 30, 2023				September 30, 2022
			% of Total				% of Total
Segment	Revenue		Revenue		Revenue		Revenue
Civil	$	229,264	27.2	%	$	221,303	25.5	%
Transportation		614,964	72.8	%		645,324	74.5	%
Total revenue	$	844,228	100.0	%	$	866,627	100.0	%

	Nine Months Ended
(Amounts in thousands)	September 30, 2023				September 30, 2022
			% of Segment				% of Segment
Segment	Gross Profit		Revenue		Gross Profit		Revenue
Civil	$	27,137	11.8	%	$	28,315	12.8	%
Transportation		(12,459)	(2.0)	%		76,763	11.9	%
Gross profit	$	14,678	1.7	%	$	105,078	12.1	%

Civil

Revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, was $229.3 million, an increase of $8.0 million, or 3.6%, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2022. This was primarily attributable to increased revenues of $54.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 versus the same period in 2022, from new projects started in 2023. These increases were offset by decreased revenues of $5.6 million, $28.1 million, and $15.6 million from a water line project in the Midwest that was completed earlier this year, two plant projects on the east coast approaching completion, and lower activity related to a tunnel project in Texas, respectively, for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 versus the same period in 2022.

Gross profit for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, was $27.1 million, or 11.8% of segment revenue, compared to $28.3 million, or 12.8% of segment revenue, for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. The primary contributions to the decrease of $1.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 versus the same period in 2022 were decreases in profit contributions of $3.9 million, $4.1 million, and $5.3 million from a water line project in the

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Midwest that was completed earlier this year, two plant projects on the east coast approaching completion, and lower activity related to a tunnel project in Texas, respectively. Offsetting these decreases was an increase in profit contribution of $13.0 million from new projects started in 2023.

Transportation

Revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, was $615.0 million, a decrease of $30.4 million, or 4.7%, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2022. The decrease was primarily attributable to decreased contributions during the nine months ended September 30, 2023, of $88.4 million as we make progress completing the takeover work related to the American Bridge acquisition and $51.2 million from M&P. The decrease was offset by increases for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, versus the same period in 2022, of $85.8 million from a project in the Bahamas and $30.3 million from a new bridge project start in Florida.

Gross loss for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, was $12.5 million, or (2.0%) of segment revenue, compared to gross profit of $76.8 million, or 11.9% of segment revenue, for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. The primary contributions to the decrease of $89.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, versus the same period in 2022 were decreases of $41.4 million from M&P, and $37.8 million as we make progress completing the takeover work related to the American Bridge acquisition. Offsetting these decreases was an increase in profit contribution of $5.6 million from a new bridge project start in Florida for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 versus the same period in 2022.

Adjusted EBITDA Reconciliation

In our industry, it is customary to manage our business using Adjusted EBITDA. Below is a reconciliation of net income to Adjusted EBITDA.

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
(Amounts in thousands)	September 30, 2023		September 30, 2022		September 30, 2023		September 30, 2022
Net income (loss) attributable to Southland Stockholders	$	3,800	$	35,199	$	(13,690)	$	41,004
Depreciation and amortization		7,968		11,523		24,704		35,163
Income taxes expense (benefit)		5,390		10,588		(11,446)		13,745
Interest expense		6,231		2,285		13,790		6,317
Interest income		(1,060)		(18)		(1,358)		(29)
EBITDA		22,329		59,577		12,000		96,200
Transaction related costs		—		—		1,594		—
Contingent earnout consideration non-cash expense reversal		—		—		(20,689)		—
Adjusted EBITDA	$	22,329	$	59,577	$	(7,095)	$	96,200

Adjusted EBITDA for the three months ended September 30, 2023, decreased to $22.3 million from $59.6 million compared to the three months ended September 30, 2022, due primarily to activity related to the M&P business line discussed in the Recent Events section and the decrease of net income.  

Adjusted EBITDA for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, decreased to negative $7.1 million from $96.2 million compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2022, due primarily to activity related to the M&P business line discussed in the Recent Events section and the reversal of contingent earnout consideration.

Liquidity, Capital Commitments and Resources

Our principal sources of liquidity are cash generated from operations, funds from borrowings, and existing cash on hand. Our principal uses of cash typically include the funding of working capital obligations, debt service, and investment in machinery and equipment for our projects.

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In connection with the closing of the Business Combination, holders of 25,296,280 shares of common stock, or 91.7% of the shares with redemption rights, exercised their right to redeem their shares at a redemption price of $10.30 per share. As a result, a substantial portion of the cash proceeds from our initial public offering we received in connection with the Business Combination were not available to us after giving effect to the Business Combination. Prior to the closing of the Business Combination, we planned to use the cash acquired in the Business Combination (i) to fund organic growth with increased working capital, (ii) to fund future potential acquisitions, and (iii) for general corporate needs including paying down debt. In light of the high level of redemptions, we may seek cash from (x) increasing institutional borrowings or increase the amount of our revolving loan, (y) selling off unused or underutilized construction assets, or (z) expediting or sell our claim settlements. However, we do not believe that the limited cash proceeds received in connection with the Business Combination will have a materially adverse impact on our operations or financial position.

We will receive the proceeds from any exercise of any Warrants for cash. We believe the likelihood that Warrant holders will exercise their Warrants, and therefore the amount of cash proceeds that we would receive, is dependent upon the trading price of our common stock. On November 9, 2023, the closing price of our common stock was $5.65 per share. To the extent the market price of our common stock remains below the exercise price of $11.50 per share, we believe that Warrant holders will be unlikely to exercise their Warrants for cash, resulting in little or no cash proceeds to us for any such exercise. To the extent we receive any cash proceeds, we expect to use such proceeds for general corporate and working capital purposes, which would increase our liquidity. However, we do not expect to rely materially on the cash exercise of Warrants to fund our operations.

Based on historical and anticipated future operating results, we believe cash flow from operations, available cash, amounts available to us under the revolving credit agreement, and other financing will be adequate to meet our liquidity needs for at least the next twelve months, including any anticipated requirements for working capital, capital expenditures, and scheduled debt service.

Our current and future liquidity is greatly dependent upon our operating results, which are largely determined by overall economic conditions and our current contracts and backlog. Our liquidity could be adversely affected by a disruption in the availability of credit. If such a material adverse event were to occur, we may be unable to borrow under our revolving credit agreement or may be required to seek additional financing. In addition, we may be required to seek additional financing to refinance all or a significant portion of our existing debt on or prior to maturity. We may also seek to access the public or private equity markets to support our liquidity whenever conditions are favorable to us. There can be no assurance that we will be able to raise additional capital or obtain additional financing when needed or on terms that are favorable to us.

We previously included projected financial information regarding Southland LLC for fiscal years 2022, 2023 and 2024 in the proxy statement/prospectus filed with the SEC on February 1, 2023 (the “Business Combination Prospectus”) in connection with the proposed Business Combination. Southland LLC provided Legato II with certain initial forecasted financial information prior to entering into the Merger Agreement (the “Initial Forecasted Financial Information”). Southland LLC subsequently realized lower revenues, lower costs, and higher gross margin performance through September 30, 2022 than initially anticipated, and Southland LLC provided updated certain forecasted financial information to Legato II in October 2022 (the “Updated Forecasted Financial Information,” and together with the Initial Forecasted Financial Information, the “Forecasted Financial Information”). The Forecasted Financial Information was prepared solely for internal use for various purposes, including for Legato II’s board of directors to assess the Business Combination and for workforce staffing, resource allocation and other management objectives, is subjective in many respects and is therefore susceptible to varying interpretations and the need for periodic revision based on actual experience and business developments. The Forecasted Financial Information was not intended to be looked upon as “guidance” of any sort and was not intended for third-party use, including by investors or holders. The Forecasted Financial Information was based on numerous variables and assumptions made by Legato II and Southland LLC management at the time and prepared with respect to matters specific to the Business Combination. The Forecasted Financial Information was not based on Public Company Accounting Oversight Board compliant audited financials.

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022, our revenue was approximately $1,161.4 million, which was below our projected revenue for fiscal year ended December 31, 2022 of $1,520.0 million contained in the Initial Forecasted Financial Information and $1,200.0 million contained in the Updated Forecasted Financial Information, primarily due to

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the timing of completion of certain projects. For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022, our EBITDA was approximately $128.3 million, which was below our projected EBITDA for fiscal year ended December 31, 2022 of $135.0 million contained in both the Initial Forecasted Financial Information and the Updated Forecasted Financial Information, primarily due to lower than anticipated revenues due to the timing of completion of certain projects. Our actual revenue and EBITDA being lower than projected revenue and EBITDA had a negative impact on our cash and cash equivalents position. However, we do not believe that it is expected to have a materially adverse impact on our operations or financial position.

We are exposed to market risks relating to fluctuations in interest rates and currency exchange risks. Significant changes in market conditions could cause interest rates to increase and have a material impact on the financing needed to operate our business.

The following table sets forth summary change in cash, cash equivalent and restricted cash for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022:

	Nine Months Ended
(Amounts in thousands)	September 30, 2023		September 30, 2022
Net cash used in operating activities	$	(36,588)	$	(70,936)
Net cash used in investing activities		(507)		(311)
Net cash provided by financing activities		11,730		15,695
Effect of exchange rate changes		126		1,834
Net change in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash	$	(25,239)	$	(53,718)

Net cash used in operating activities was $36.6 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2023, compared to $70.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, the primary differences in cash used in operating activities compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2022, were increases in accounts payable of $27.6 million, increases in contract liabilities of $82.6 million and decreases in contract assets of $68.3 million, which were partially offset by reversal of net income to net loss by $53.9 million and increases in accounts receivables of $45.3 million.

Net cash used in investing activities was $0.5 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2023, compared to $0.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, the primary difference in cash used in investing activities compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2022, was an increase in proceeds from sale of fixed assets of $3.6 million, which were partially offset by increases in purchase of fixed assets of $3.1 million and decreases in proceeds from the sale of trading securities of $0.8 million.

Net cash provided by financing activities was $11.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to $15.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, the primary difference in cash provided by financing activities compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2022, was a decrease of $52.0 million in borrowing on a line of credit, an increase of $8.0 million of payments on line of credit and an increase of $80.7 million of payments on notes payable, which was offset by the $17.1 million in proceeds from the Merger and an increase of $115.2 million in borrowing on notes payable.

As of September 30, 2023, we had long-term debt of $309.1 million, of which $47.8 million is due within the next twelve months.

Revolving Credit Facility

In July 2021, we entered into a revolving credit agreement with Frost Bank for $50.0 million. As of December 31, 2022, the revolving credit facility agreement had been amended and increased to $100.0 million. In August 2023, the revolving line of credit was extended through January 15, 2025 and we incurred $0.3 million as deferred financing cost. The revolving credit facility agreement bears interest on drawn balances at 1-month SOFR, subject to a floor of 0.90%, plus an applicable margin rate of 2.10%. As of September 30, 2023, $90.0 million was drawn on the revolver, and we had $10.0 million available.

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Secured Notes

We enter into secured notes in order to finance growth within our business. In July 2023, we refinanced approximately $76.4 million of existing secured notes in exchange for a new equipment note in the amount of $113.5 million. The new equipment note is secured by specific construction equipment assets and has a five-year fully amortizing term at a fixed rate of 7.25%. We incurred $0.3 million as deferred financing cost and $0.6 million as bank service charges in connection with the refinancing. As of September 30, 2023, we had outstanding secured notes scheduled to expire between November 2023 and March 2033. Interest rates on the secured notes range between 1.29% and 8.00%.

Mortgage Notes

We also enter into mortgage notes in order to finance growth within our business. As of September 30, 2023, we had outstanding mortgage notes scheduled to expire between October 2023 and February 2029. Interest rates on the mortgage notes range between 3.84% and 5.99%.

Equipment OEM Notes

We enter into equipment notes in order to complete certain specialty construction projects. As of September 30, 2023, we did not have any outstanding equipment OEM notes that are collateralized by certain equipment owned by Southland.

Backlog

We define backlog as a measure of the total amount of revenue remaining to be earned on projects that have been awarded. We only include a project in our backlog once we have an executed contract, or authorized notice to proceed. As a result, we believe our backlog is firm, although cancellations or scope adjustments may occur.

In our industry, backlog is an indicator of future revenue streams for work that has been awarded but not completed. We define backlog as anticipated revenue from the uncompleted portion of existing contracts and therefore can be estimated.

(Amounts in thousands)	Backlog
Balance December 31, 2022	$	2,973,886
New contracts, change orders, and adjustments		412,756
Gross backlog		3,386,642
Less: contract revenue recognized in 2023		(845,323)
Balance September 30, 2023	$	2,541,319

Backlog should not be considered a comprehensive indicator of future revenue as any of our contracts can be terminated by our customers on relatively short notice, and backlog does not include future work for which we may be awarded or new awards for which we are awaiting an executed contract or authorized notice to proceed. In the event of a cancelation, we are typically reimbursed for all of our costs through a specific contractual date, as well as our costs to demobilize from the project site. Our contracts do not typically grant us rights to revenue reflected in backlog. Projects may remain in backlog for extended periods of time as a result of schedule delays, regulatory requirements, project specific issues, or other reasons. Contract amounts from contracts where a transaction price cannot be reasonably estimated may not be included within our backlog amount.

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Segment Backlog

Below is our Backlog by segment.

Transportation

(Amounts in thousands)	Backlog
Balance December 31, 2022	$	2,213,723
New contracts, change orders, and adjustments		356,038
Gross backlog		2,569,761
Less: contract revenue recognized in 2023		(620,673)
Balance September 30, 2023	$	1,949,088

​
Civil

(Amounts in thousands)	Backlog
Balance December 31, 2022	$	760,163
New contracts, change orders, and adjustments		56,717
Gross backlog		816,880
Less: contract revenue recognized in 2023		(224,649)
Balance September 30, 2023	$	592,231

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Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

Not applicable.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

It is management’s responsibility to establish and maintain adequate disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act. Disclosure controls and procedures are controls and other procedures of a company that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to management, including the company’s principal executive and principal financial officers, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer, have reviewed and evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act, as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report. Following this review and evaluation, our management determined that as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective to ensure that information required to be disclosed in reports filed or submitted under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in SEC rules and forms, and is accumulated and communicated to management, including our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There was no change in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the fiscal quarter ended September 30, 2023 covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II — OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

See Note 7 – “Commitments and Contingencies”, included in the notes to our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included under Part I of this Quarterly Report.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

Other than as set forth below, there have been no additional risk factors identified and no material changes with regard to the risk factors previously disclosed under “Item 1A. Risk Factors” to Part I of our Annual Report on Form 10-K as of the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022.

Sales of our common stock, or the perception of sales of our common stock, by the Company or our stockholders in the public market, including pursuant to the prospectus contained in our Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-271057) (the “Registration Statement”), could cause the market price of our securities to decline, and certain of the selling securityholders named in the prospectus contained in the Registration Statement (the “Selling Securityholders”) may still experience a significant return on investment.

If we or our stockholders sell or indicate an intention to sell substantial amounts of our securities in the public market, including through sales pursuant to the prospectus contained in the Registration Statement, the trading price of our securities could decline. In addition, shares underlying any outstanding options and restricted stock units will become eligible for sale if exercised or settled, as applicable, to the extent permitted by the provisions of various vesting agreements and Rule 144 of the Securities Act. All the shares of common stock reserved for issuance under our equity incentive plan have been registered on Form S-8 under the Securities Act and will be eligible for sale in the public markets, subject to Rule 144 limitations applicable to affiliates. If these shares are sold, or if it is perceived that they will be sold, in the public market, the trading price of our common stock could decline.

Although the stockholders of Legato II prior to Legato II’s initial public offering (the “Initial Stockholders”) and certain Southland Members are subject to certain restrictions regarding the transfer of their shares of common stock, these shares may be sold after the expiration of their respective lock-ups. As restrictions on transfer have expired, the market price of our common stock could decline if the holders of currently restricted shares sell them or are perceived by the market as intending to sell them.

In connection with the closing of the Business Combination, holders of 25,296,280 shares of common stock, or 91.7% of the shares with redemption rights, exercised their right to redeem their shares. The shares of common stock being offered for resale pursuant to the prospectus contained in the Registration Statement by the Selling Securityholders represent approximately 88% of potential shares outstanding (which includes in the denominator, shares outstanding, shares reserved for issuance upon exercise of the Warrants, shares earned for hitting certain targets outlined in the Merger Agreement, and shares reserved for issuance under equity incentive plans) as of April 27, 2023. Given the substantial number of shares of common stock being registered for potential resale by Selling Securityholders pursuant to the prospectus contained in the Registration Statement, the sale of shares by the Selling Securityholders, or the perception in the market that the Selling Securityholders of a large number of shares intend to sell shares, could cause the trading price of our securities could decline.

In addition, some of our Selling Securityholders acquired the securities being registered for resale pursuant to the prospectus contained in the Registration Statement at prices significantly lower than the per unit purchase price paid by public stockholders in our initial public offering of $10.00 per unit. As a result, despite the decline in the public trading price since our initial public offering, some of the Selling Securityholders may still experience a positive return on investment and may have an incentive to sell shares of our common stock. For example, the Initial Stockholders purchased 5,750,000 shares of common stock prior to our initial public offering at $0.005 per share and subsequently acquired 1,150,000 additional shares for no additional consideration as a result of a stock dividend of 0.2 shares for each share outstanding. In addition, EarlyBirdCapital, Inc. acquired 200,000 shares of common stock at $0.0001 per share and subsequently acquired 40,000 additional shares for no additional consideration as a result of a stock dividend of 0.2 shares

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for each share outstanding. By way of example only, if all 5,750,000 shares of common stock originally issued to the Initial Stockholders were sold at a price of $5.65 per share, which was the closing price of our common stock as reported on NYSE on November 9, 2023, the Initial Stockholders would experience a gain equal to $5.65 per share. Investors in our initial public offering who acquired shares of common stock in connection with the purchase of units at $10.00 per unit would not be expected to experience a similar return on investment.

The Warrants may never be in the money, and may expire worthless.

We believe the likelihood that Warrant holders will exercise their Warrants, and therefore the amount of cash proceeds that we would receive, is dependent upon the trading price of our common stock. On November 9, 2023, the closing price of our common stock was $5.65 per share. To the extent the market price of our common stock remains below the exercise price of $11.50 per share, we believe that Warrant holders will be unlikely to exercise their Warrants for cash, resulting in little or no cash proceeds to us for any such exercise. There is no way to ensure that the market price of our common stock will exceed the exercise price of the Warrants following the time they become exercisable and prior to their expiration. As a result, the Warrants may expire worthless, and we may not receive any proceeds from the exercise of the Warrants.

If we do not file and maintain a current and effective prospectus relating to the common stock issuable upon exercise of the Warrants, holders will only be able to exercise such Warrants on a “cashless basis.”

If we do not file and maintain a current and effective prospectus relating to the common stock issuable upon exercise of the Warrants at the time that holders wish to exercise such Warrants, they will only be able to exercise them on a “cashless basis” provided that an exemption from registration is available. As a result, the number of shares of common stock that holders will receive upon exercise of the Warrants will be fewer than it would have been had such holder exercised his Warrant for cash. Further, if an exemption from registration is not available, holders would not be able to exercise on a cashless basis and would only be able to exercise their Warrants for cash if a current and effective prospectus relating to the common stock issuable upon exercise of the warrants is available. Under the terms of the Warrant Agreement with American Stock Transfer & Trust Company, as warrant agent, we have agreed to use our best efforts to meet these conditions and to file and maintain a current and effective prospectus relating to the common stock issuable upon exercise of the Warrants until the expiration of the Warrants. However, we cannot assure you that we will be able to do so. If we are unable to do so, the potential “upside” of the holder’s investment in our company may be reduced or the Warrants may expire worthless.

An investor will only be able to exercise a Warrant if the issuance of shares of common stock upon such exercise has been registered or qualified or is deemed exempt under the securities laws of the state of residence of the holder of the Warrants.

No Warrants will be exercisable and we will not be obligated to issue shares of Common Stock unless the shares of common stock issuable upon such exercise has been registered or qualified or deemed to be exempt under the securities laws of the state of residence of the holder of the Warrants. If the shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of the Warrants are not qualified or exempt from qualification in the jurisdictions in which the holders of the warrants reside, the Warrants may be deprived of any value, the market for the Warrants may be limited and they may expire worthless if they cannot be sold.

We may amend the terms of the Warrants in a manner that may be adverse to holders with the approval by the holders of at least a majority of the then outstanding Warrants.

Our Warrants have been issued in registered form under the Warrant Agreement between American Stock Transfer & Trust Company, as warrant agent, and us. The Warrant Agreement provides that the terms of the Warrants may be amended without the consent of any holder to cure any ambiguity or correct any defective provision. The Warrant Agreement requires the approval by the holders of at least a majority of the then outstanding Warrants in order to make any change that adversely affects the interests of the registered holders.

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We may redeem your unexpired Warrants prior to their exercise at a time that is disadvantageous to you, thereby making your Warrants worthless.

We have the ability to redeem outstanding Warrants at any time after they become exercisable and prior to their expiration, at a price of $0.01 per warrant, provided that the last reported sales price of common stock equals or exceeds $18.00 per share (as adjusted for stock splits, stock dividends, reorganizations and recapitalizations) for any 20 trading days within a 30 trading-day period commencing at any time after the Warrants become exercisable and ending on the third business day prior to proper notice of such redemption provided that on the date we give notice of redemption and during the entire period thereafter until the time we redeem the Warrants, we have an effective registration statement under the Securities Act covering the shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of the Warrants and a current prospectus relating to them is available. If and when the Warrants become redeemable by us, we may exercise our redemption right even if we are unable to register or qualify the underlying securities for sale under all applicable state securities laws. Redemption of the outstanding Warrants could force you (i) to exercise your Warrants and pay the exercise price therefor at a time when it may be disadvantageous for you to do so, (ii) to sell your Warrants at the then-current market price when you might otherwise wish to hold your Warrants or (iii) to accept the nominal redemption price which, at the time the outstanding Warrants are called for redemption, is likely to be substantially less than the market value of your Warrants.

Our management’s ability to require holders of our Warrants to exercise such Warrants on a cashless basis will cause holders to receive fewer shares of common stock upon their exercise of the Warrants than they would have received had they been able to exercise their Warrants for cash.

If we call our Warrants for redemption after the redemption criteria described elsewhere in this Quarterly Report have been satisfied, our management will have the option to require any holder that wishes to exercise his Warrant (including any Private Warrants) to do so on a “cashless basis.” If our management chooses to require holders to exercise their Warrants on a cashless basis, the number of shares of common stock received by a holder upon exercise will be fewer than it would have been had such holder exercised his Warrant for cash. This will have the effect of reducing the potential “upside” of the holder’s investment in the Company.

Item 5. Other Information

During the last fiscal quarter, none of our directors or officers adopted or terminated any “Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement” or “non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement,” as those terms are defined in Regulation S-K, Item 408.

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Item 6. Exhibits

Exhibit No.	Description
2.1	Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of May 25, 2022, by and among the Company, Legato Merger Sub, Inc. and Southland Holdings, LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on May 25, 2022).
3.1	Second Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Company (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on February 14, 2023).
3.2	Amended and Restated Bylaws of the Company (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on February 14, 2023).
4.1	Specimen Warrant Certificate (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.3 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-260816) filed with the SEC on November 5, 2021).
4.2	Warrant Agreement between American Stock Transfer & Trust Company and the Company (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on November 23, 2021).
4.3	Specimen Common Stock Certificate (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-260816) filed with the SEC on November 5, 2021).
31.1*	Certification of Principal Executive Officer pursuant to Exchange Act Rules 13a-14 and 15d-14, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2002.
31.2*	Certification of Principal Financial Officer pursuant to Exchange Act Rules 13a-14 and 15d-14, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2002.
32.1**	Certification of Principal Executive Officer pursuant to Section 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2002.
32.2**	Certification of Principal Financial Officer pursuant to Section 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2002.
101*	The following financial statements from the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2023, formatted in Inline XBRL: (i) Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Unaudited); (ii) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations (unaudited); (iii) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (unaudited); (iv) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Equity (unaudited); (v) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (unaudited); and (vi) Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited), tagged as blocks of text and including detailed tags.
104*	Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted in Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101).

*Filed herewith.

**Furnished herewith.

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, duly authorized.

Date: November 13, 2023

SOUTHLAND HOLDINGS, INC.
By:	/s/ Frank Renda
Name:	Frank Renda
Title:	President, Chief Executive Officer
	(Principal Executive Officer)
By:	/s/ Cody Gallarda
Name:	Cody Gallarda
Title:	Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer
	(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

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EX-31.1

Exhibit 31.1

CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER
PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

I, Frank S. Renda certify that:

1. I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Southland Holdings, Inc.;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

a. Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b. Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c. Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

d. Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a. All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b. Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Dated:  November 13, 2023	By:	/s/ Frank S. Renda
		Name:	Frank S. Renda
		Title:	President and Chief Executive Officer
			(Principal Executive Officer)

EX-31.2

Exhibit 31.2

CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER
PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

I, Cody Gallarda, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Southland Holdings, Inc.;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

a. Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b. Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c. Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

d. Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a. All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b. Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Dated:  November 13, 2023	By:	/s/ Cody Gallarda
		Name:	Cody Gallarda
		Title:	Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer
			(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

EX-32.1

Exhibit 32.1

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 350,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350, as created by Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, the undersigned officer of Southland Holdings, Inc. (the “Company”) hereby certifies, to the best of my knowledge, that:

(i) the accompanying Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of the Company for the fiscal quarter ended September 30, 2023 (the “Report”) fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or Section 15(d), as applicable, of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

(ii) the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

Dated:  November 13, 2023	By:	/s/ Frank S. Renda
		Name:	Frank S. Renda
		Title:	President and Chief Executive Officer
			(Principal Executive Officer)

EX-32.2

Exhibit 32.2

CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER

Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350, as created by Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, the undersigned officer of Southland Holdings, Inc. (the “Company”) hereby certifies, to the best of my knowledge, that:

(i) the accompanying Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of the Company for the fiscal quarter ended September 30, 2023 (the “Report”) fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or Section 15(d), as applicable, of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

(ii) the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

Dated:  November 13, 2023	By:	/s/ Cody Gallarda
		Name:	Cody Gallarda
		Title:	Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer
			(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

XML

Document and Entity Information - shares	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Nov. 09, 2023
Document and Entity Information
Document Type	10-Q
Document Quarterly Report	true
Document Period End Date	Sep. 30, 2023
Document Transition Report	false
Entity File Number	001-41090
Entity Registrant Name	Southland Holdings, Inc.
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	DE
Entity Tax Identification Number	87-1783910
Entity Address, Address Line One	1100 Kubota Dr.
Entity Address, City or Town	Grapevine
Entity Address, State or Province	TX
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	76051
City Area Code	817
Local Phone Number	293-4263
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Non-accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business	true
Entity Emerging Growth Company	true
Elected Not To Use the Extended Transition Period	false
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		47,891,984
Entity Central Index Key	0001883814
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2023
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q3
Amendment Flag	false
Common Stock
Document and Entity Information
Title of 12(b) Security	Common Stock, par value $0.0001 per share
Trading Symbol	SLND
Security Exchange Name	NYSEAMER
Redeemable warrants
Document and Entity Information
Title of 12(b) Security	Redeemable warrants, exercisable for shares of common stock at an exercise price of $11.50 per share
Trading Symbol	SLND WS
Security Exchange Name	NYSEAMER

XML

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 32,211	$ 57,915
Restricted cash	14,541	14,076
Accounts receivable, net	198,967	135,678
Retainage receivables	125,196	122,682
Contract assets	515,361	512,906
Other current assets	22,635	24,047
Total current assets	908,911	867,304
Property and equipment, net	100,558	114,084
Right-of-use assets	12,858	16,893
Investments - unconsolidated entities	123,666	113,724
Investments - limited liability companies	2,590	2,590
Investments - private equity	3,219	3,261
Deferred tax assets	21,631
Goodwill	1,528	1,528
Intangible assets, net	1,822	2,218
Other noncurrent assets	3,171	3,703
Total noncurrent assets	271,043	258,001
Total assets	1,179,954	1,125,305
Current liabilities
Accounts payable	137,347	126,385
Retainage payable	39,059	33,677
Accrued liabilities	125,236	121,584
Current portion of long-term debt	47,825	46,322
Short-term lease liabilities	13,922	16,572
Contract liabilities	184,627	131,557
Total current liabilities	548,016	476,097
Long-term debt	261,236	227,278
Long-term operating lease liabilities	5,314	10,032
Deferred tax liabilities	2,876	3,392
Other noncurrent liabilities	96,343	48,622
Total long-term liabilities	365,769	289,324
Total liabilities	913,785	765,421
Commitment and contingencies (Note 7)
Stockholders' equity
Preferred stock, $0.0001 par value, authorized 50,000,000 shares, none issued and outstanding in 2023, $1.00 par value, 24,400,000 issued and outstanding in 2022		24,400
Common stock, $0.0001 par value, authorized 500,000,000 share, 47,856,114 and none issued and outstanding in 2023 and 2022, respectively	8
Additional paid-in-capital	269,920
Accumulated deficit	(13,690)
Accumulated other comprehensive income	(2,551)	(2,576)
Members' capital		327,614
Total stockholders' equity	253,687	349,438
Noncontrolling interest	12,482	10,446
Total equity	266,169	359,884
Total liabilities and equity	$ 1,179,954	$ 1,125,305

XML

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Parenthetical) - $ / shares	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets
Preferred stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.0001	$ 1.00
Preferred stock, shares authorized	50,000,000
Preferred stock, shares issued	0	24,400,000
Preferred stock, shares outstanding	0	24,400,000
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Common stock, shares authorized	500,000,000	500,000,000
Common stock, shares issued	47,856,114	0
Common stock, shares outstanding	47,856,114	0

XML

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations - USD ($) $ in Thousands		3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
		Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations
Revenue		$ 312,472	$ 335,125	$ 844,228	$ 866,627
Cost of construction		282,943	272,715	829,550	761,549
Gross profit		29,529	62,410	14,678	105,078
Selling, general, and administrative expenses		15,247	15,606	47,266	43,395
Operating income (loss)		14,282	46,804	(32,588)	61,683
Gain (loss) on investments, net		(21)	(100)	(3)	(79)
Other income, net		2,151	2,292	23,559	936
Interest expense		(6,231)	(2,285)	(13,790)	(6,317)
Income (loss) before income taxes		10,181	46,711	(22,822)	56,223
Income tax expense (benefit)		5,390	10,588	(11,446)	13,745
Net income (loss)		4,791	36,123	(11,376)	42,478
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests		991	924	2,314	1,474
Net income (loss) attributable to Southland Holdings Stockholders		$ 3,800	$ 35,199	$ (13,690)	$ 41,004
Net income (loss) per share attributable to common stockholders
Basic (in dollars per share)	[1]	$ 0.08		$ (0.29)
Diluted (in dollars per share)	[1]	$ 0.08		$ (0.29)
Weighted average shares outstanding
Basic (in shares)	[1]	47,856,114		46,771,938
Diluted (in shares)	[1]	47,872,042		46,771,938

[1] The structure of Southland’s historical common equity structure was in the form of membership percentages and no shares were issued. As such, reporting periods prior to the three months ended March 31, 2023 will not present share or per share data.

XML

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations (Parenthetical)	Feb. 14, 2023 shares
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations
Common stock, shares issued in merger	0

XML

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Net income (loss)	$ 4,791	$ 36,123	$ (11,376)	$ 42,478
Foreign currency translation adjustment, net of tax	(1,972)	(4,653)	(119)	(2,380)
Comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	2,819	31,470	(11,495)	40,098
Less: Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interest	646	(7,469)	2,170	760
Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to Southland Holdings Stockholders	$ 2,173	$ 38,939	$ (13,665)	$ 39,338

XML

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Equity - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Preferred Stock Adjusted Balance	Preferred Stock	Common Stock Adjustment	Common Stock Adjusted Balance	Common Stock	AOCI Adjusted Balance	AOCI	Additional Paid-In Capital Adjustment	Additional Paid-In Capital Adjusted Balance	Additional Paid-In Capital	Accumulated Deficit	Members Capital Adjustment	Members Capital	Noncontrolling Interest Adjusted Balance	Noncontrolling Interest	Adjustment	Adjusted Balance	Total
Beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2021	$ 24,400	$ 24,400	$ 4	$ 4		$ (937)	$ (937)	$ 224,786	$ 224,786			$ (267,831)	$ 267,831	$ 11,057	$ 11,057	$ (43,041)	$ 259,310	$ 302,351
Preferred stock repurchase and dividends										$ (172)					(31)			(203)
Distributions to joint venture partner										316					(1,539)			(1,223)
Net income (loss)										(13,601)					628			(12,973)
Other comprehensive income (loss)							(1,562)								(145)			(1,707)
Ending balance at Mar. 31, 2022		24,400			$ 4		(2,499)			211,329					9,970			243,204
Beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2021	24,400	24,400	4	4		(937)	(937)	224,786	224,786			(267,831)	267,831	11,057	11,057	(43,041)	259,310	302,351
Net income (loss)																		42,478
Ending balance at Sep. 30, 2022		24,400			4		(2,603)			265,377					10,155			297,333
Beginning balance at Mar. 31, 2022		24,400			4		(2,499)			211,329					9,970			243,204
Preferred stock repurchase and dividends										(211)					(38)			(249)
Other							(1)											(1)
Distributions to joint venture partner										(48)								(48)
Net income (loss)										19,406					(78)			19,328
Other comprehensive income (loss)							3,987								(7)			3,980
Ending balance at Jun. 30, 2022		24,400			4		1,487			230,476					9,847			266,214
Preferred stock repurchase and dividends										(298)					(53)			(351)
Net income (loss)										35,199					924			36,123
Other comprehensive income (loss)							(4,090)								(563)			(4,653)
Ending balance at Sep. 30, 2022		24,400			4		(2,603)			265,377					10,155			297,333
Beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2022	24,400	24,400	4	4		(2,576)	(2,576)	284,569	284,569			(327,614)	327,614	10,446	10,446	(43,041)	316,843	359,884
Preferred stock repurchase and dividends		(24,400)								(50,129)					(24)			(74,553)
Issuance of post-merger earnout shares					4					34,996								35,000
Distributions to joint venture partner															(110)			(110)
Net income (loss)											$ (4,664)				398			(4,266)
Other comprehensive income (loss)							504								2			506
Ending balance at Mar. 31, 2023					8		(2,072)			269,436	(4,664)				10,712			273,420
Beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2022	$ 24,400	$ 24,400	$ 4	$ 4		$ (2,576)	(2,576)	$ 284,569	$ 284,569			$ (327,614)	$ 327,614	$ 10,446	10,446	$ (43,041)	$ 316,843	359,884
Net income (loss)																		(11,376)
Ending balance at Sep. 30, 2023					8		(2,551)			269,920	(13,690)				12,482			266,169
Beginning balance at Mar. 31, 2023					8		(2,072)			269,436	(4,664)				10,712			273,420
Net income (loss)											(12,826)				925			(11,901)
Other comprehensive income (loss)							1,149								198			1,347
Ending balance at Jun. 30, 2023					8		(923)			269,436	(17,490)				11,835			262,866
Share based compensation										484								484
Net income (loss)											3,800				991			4,791
Other comprehensive income (loss)							(1,628)								(344)			(1,972)
Ending balance at Sep. 30, 2023					$ 8		$ (2,551)			$ 269,920	$ (13,690)				$ 12,482			$ 266,169

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Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - USD ($) $ in Thousands	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income (loss)	$ (11,376)	$ 42,478
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash used in operating activities
Depreciation and amortization	24,704	35,163
Deferred taxes	(22,148)	(440)
Change in fair value of earnout liability	(20,689)
Share based compensation	484
Gain on sale of assets	(118)	(1,343)
Foreign currency remeasurement (gain) loss	(37)	746
Earnings from equity method investments	(5,102)	(7,346)
TZC investment present value accretion	(1,828)	(1,758)
Loss (gain) on trading securities, net	3	(257)
Changes in assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable	(69,471)	(24,167)
Contract assets	(4,376)	(72,703)
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	1,564	(1,001)
ROU assets	4,034	930
Accounts payable and accrued expenses	20,584	(6,997)
Contract liabilities	53,048	(29,591)
Operating lease liabilities	(3,991)	(1,206)
Other	(1,873)	(3,444)
Net cash used in operating activities	(36,588)	(70,936)
Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchase of fixed assets	(7,475)	(4,384)
Proceeds from sale of fixed assets	7,461	3,897
Loss on investment in limited liability company		336
Proceeds from the sale of trading securities	47	840
Capital contribution to investees	(540)	(1,000)
Net cash provided by investing activities	(507)	(311)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Borrowings on line of credit	3,000	55,000
Payments on line of credit	(8,000)
Borrowings on notes payable	115,355	115
Payments on notes payable	(111,908)	(31,161)
Payments of deferred financing costs	(578)
Advances from related parties	425
Payments to related parties	(4)	(405)
Payments on finance lease	(3,538)	(6,298)
Distributions	(110)	(1,556)
Issuance of common stock to initial stockholders	17,088
Net cash provided by financing activities	11,730	15,695
Effect of exchange rate on cash	126	1,834
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash	(25,239)	(53,718)
Beginning of period	71,991	111,242
End of period	46,752	57,524
Supplemental cash flow information
Cash paid for income taxes	3,033	6,153
Cash paid for interest	12,704	6,464
Non-cash investing and financing activities:
Lease assets obtained in exchange for new leases	8,529	12,537
Assets obtained in exchange for notes payable	8,626	$ 3,397
Issuance of post-merger earn out shares	35,000
Dividend financed with notes payable	$ 50,000

XML

Description of Business

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Description of Business

Description of Business

Note 1.Description of Business

Overview

Southland Holdings, Inc. (“Southland”) is a diverse leader in specialty infrastructure construction with roots dating back to 1900. The end markets for which we provide services cover a broad spectrum of specialty services within infrastructure construction. We design and construct projects in the bridges, tunnels, communications, transportation and facilities, marine, steel structures, water and wastewater treatment, and water pipelines end markets.

Southland is based in Grapevine, Texas. It is the parent company of Johnson Bros. Corporation, American Bridge Holding Company (“American Bridge”), Oscar Renda Contracting, Southland Contracting, Mole Constructors, Heritage Materials and other affiliates. With the combined capabilities of these six primary subsidiaries and their affiliates, Southland has become a diversified industry leader with both public and private customers. The majority of our customers are located in the United States.

In the second quarter of 2023, Southland decided to discontinue certain types of projects in its Materials & Paving business line (“M&P”) and sold assets related to producing large scale concrete and asphalt. M&P is reported in the Transportation segment. The Company will not be pursuing production of concrete and asphalt products for use on self-performed paving projects where the majority of the scope of work contains large-scale concrete and asphalt production or sale of asphalt and concrete products to third parties. This operational shift will allow the Company to better focus its resources on more profitable lines of business. The Company has concluded this action with M&P does not qualify for Discontinued Operations treatment and presentation under ASC 205-20 as it does not represent a strategic shift in the Company’s business.

Merger

As previously announced, on May 25, 2022, Legato Merger Corp. II, a Delaware corporation (“Legato II”), entered into an Agreement and Plan of Merger (the “Merger Agreement”) with Legato Merger Sub Inc., a Delaware corporation and wholly owned subsidiary of Legato II (“Merger Sub”), and Southland Holdings LLC, a Texas limited liability company (“Southland LLC”).

On February 14, 2023 (the “Closing Date”), as contemplated by the Merger Agreement, Merger Sub merged with and into Southland LLC, with Southland LLC surviving the merger as a wholly owned subsidiary of Legato II (the “Merger”). The transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement are referred to herein collectively as the “Business Combination.” In connection with the Business Combination, Legato II changed its name to “Southland Holdings, Inc.”

The Merger was accounted for as a reverse recapitalization with Southland as the accounting acquirer and Legato II as the acquired company for accounting purposes. Accordingly, all historical financial information presented in the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements represents the accounts of Southland and its subsidiaries as if Southland had been the predecessor Company. The structure of Southland’s historical common equity structure was in the form of membership percentages and no shares were issued. As such, reporting periods prior to the three months ended March 31, 2023 will not present share or per share data.

COVID-19 Considerations

Certain impacts to public health conditions particular to the coronavirus (“COVID-19”) outbreak have had a significant negative impact on our operations and profitability. The continuing extent of the impact to our financial performance will depend on future developments, including (i) the duration and spread of the outbreak, (ii) the restrictions and advisories, (iii) the effects on the financial markets, and (iv) the effects on the economy overall, all of which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted. If our financial performance is impacted because of these developments for an extended period, our results may be materially adversely affected. We cannot anticipate how the potential widespread distribution of a vaccine will mitigate this impact on either

COVID-19 or on future variants of the disease.

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Basis of Presentation

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Basis of Presentation

Basis of Presentation

2. Basis of Presentation

Consolidated U.S. GAAP Presentation

These interim unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with United States generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”). The Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) contains guidance that form GAAP. New guidance is released via Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”).

The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared by us pursuant to the rules and regulations of the SEC regarding interim financial reporting. Accordingly, certain information and footnote disclosures required by GAAP for complete financial statements have been condensed or omitted in accordance with such rules and regulations. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring adjustments) considered necessary for a fair presentation of the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been included. These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with our Annual Report which was filed on Form 8-K/A on March 22, 2023.

The accompanying balance sheet and related disclosures as of December 31, 2022, have been derived from the 8-K/A filed on March 22, 2023. The Company’s financial condition as of September 30, 2023, and operating results for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, are not necessarily indicative of the financial conditions and results of operations that may be expected for any future interim period or for the year ending December 31, 2023.

The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Southland Holdings, Inc., and our majority-owned and controlled subsidiaries and affiliates. All significant intercompany transactions are eliminated within the consolidations process. Investments in non-construction related partnerships and less-than-majority owned subsidiaries that we do not control, but where we have significant influence are accounted for under the equity method. Certain construction related joint ventures and partnerships that we do not control, nor do we have significant influence are accounted for under the equity method for the balance sheet and the proportionate consolidation method for the statement of operations.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amount of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Management periodically evaluates estimates used in the preparation of the consolidated financial statements for continued reasonableness. It is reasonably possible that changes may occur in the near term that would affect our estimates with respect to the input method, the allowance for credit losses, recoverability of unapproved contract modifications, deferred tax assets, and other accounts for which estimates are required.

Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash

We consider all highly liquid instruments purchased with a maturity of three months or less as cash equivalents. We maintain our cash in accounts at certain financial institutions. The majority of our balances exceed federally insured limits.

We have not experienced any losses in these accounts, and we do not believe they are exposed to any significant credit risk.

Restricted cash and cash equivalents consist of amounts held in accounts in our name at certain financial institutions. These accounts are subject to certain control provisions in favor of various surety and insurance companies for purposes of compliance and security perfections.

Goodwill and Intangibles

Goodwill and indefinite-lived intangibles are tested for impairment annually in the fourth quarter, or more frequently if events or circumstances indicate that goodwill or indefinite-lived intangibles may be impaired. We evaluate goodwill at the reporting unit level (operating segment or one level below an operating segment). We identify our reporting unit and determine the carrying value of the reporting unit by assigning the assets and liabilities, including the existing goodwill and indefinite-lived intangibles, to the reporting unit. Our reporting units are based on our organizational and reporting structure. We currently identify three reporting units. We begin with a qualitative assessment using inputs based on our business, our industry, and overall macroeconomic factors. If our qualitative assessment deems that the fair value of a reporting unit is more likely than not less than its carrying amount, we then complete a quantitative assessment to determine the fair value of the reporting unit and compare it to the carrying amount of the reporting unit. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, there was no impairment recorded.

Long-Lived Assets

We review long-lived assets, including finite-lived intangible assets subject to amortization, for impairment upon the occurrence of events or changes in circumstances that would indicate that the carrying value of the asset or group of assets may not be recoverable. Recoverability of assets to be held and used is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount of an asset or group of assets to the future net cash flows expected to be generated by the asset or group of assets. If such assets are not considered to be fully recoverable, any impairment to be recognized is measured by the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset or group of assets exceeds its respective fair value. Assets to be disposed of are reported at the lower of the carrying amount or fair value less costs to sell.  During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, we did not identify any triggering events that would require a quantitative assessment.

Accounts Receivable, Net

We provide an allowance for credit losses, which is based upon a review of outstanding receivables, historical collection information, existing economic conditions, and future expectations. Normal contracts receivables are typically due within 10-30 days after the issuance of the invoice and may vary by customer. Retainages are due after completion of the project and acceptance by the contract owner. We may be able to negotiate release of some retainages upon meeting certain milestones. Warranty retainage receivables are due after the expiration of the warranty period, if applicable. Receivables past due more than 120 days are considered delinquent. Delinquent receivables are written off based on individual credit evaluations and specific circumstances of the customer.

As of September 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, we had an allowance for credit losses of $1.5 million.

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

In March 2020, FASB issued ASU 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform (“Topic 848”): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting (“Update 2020-04”), which provides optional expedients and exceptions for applying U.S. GAAP principles to contracts, hedging relationships, and other transactions affected by reference rate reform if certain criteria are met. The amendments in Update 2020-04 apply only to contracts, hedging relationships, and other transactions that reference LIBOR or another reference rate expected to be discontinued because of reference rate reform. We adopted Topic 848 as of January 1, 2021. The expedients and exceptions provided by the amendments do not apply to contract modifications made and hedging relationships entered into or evaluated after December 31, 2022, except for hedging relationships existing as of December 31, 2022, that an entity has elected optional expedients for and that are retained through the end of the hedging relationship. The provisions in Update 2020-04 are effective upon issuance and can be applied prospectively through December 31, 2022. Our adoption of Update 2020-04 did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures. We no longer have any debt that references LIBOR.

In June 2016, FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, (“Topic 326”). The standard requires the immediate recognition of estimated credit losses expected to occur over the life of financial assets rather than the current incurred loss impairment model that recognizes losses when a probability threshold is met. Topic 326 is effective for annual periods beginning after January 1, 2023, and interim periods within those fiscal years. The implementation of Topic

326 in 2023 did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements given the nature of our contracts and our historical loss experience.

Significant Accounting Policies

The significant accounting policies followed by the Company are set forth in Note 2 to the 8-K/A filed on March 22, 2023, and contained elsewhere herein, other than the policy for warrants, which is included below. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, there were no significant changes in our use of estimates or significant accounting policies.

Warrants

The Company accounts for warrants as either equity-classified or liability-classified instruments based on an assessment of the instruments’ specific terms and applicable authoritative guidance in FASB ASC 480, “Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity” (“ASC 480”), and ASC 815, “Derivatives and Hedging” (“ASC 815”). The assessment considers whether the instruments are freestanding financial instruments pursuant to ASC 480, meet the definition of a liability pursuant to ASC 480, and whether the instruments meet all of the requirements for equity classification under ASC 815, including whether the instruments are indexed to the Company’s own common shares and whether the instrument holders could potentially require “net cash settlement” in a circumstance outside of the Company’s control, among other conditions for equity classification. This assessment, which requires the use of professional judgment, was conducted at the time of warrant issuance and as of each subsequent quarterly period end date while the instruments are outstanding. The Company has concluded that the Public Warrants and Private Warrants issued pursuant to the warrant agreement qualify for equity accounting treatment. 

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Recapitalization

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Recapitalization

Recapitalization

3. Recapitalization

As discussed in Note 1 – Description of Business, on the Closing Date, the Company issued 33,793,111 shares of common stock to the former members of Southland (“Southland Members”) in exchange for their membership interests in Southland (“Southland Membership Interests”). Southland received net proceeds of $17.1 million. Transaction costs of $9.9 million directly related to the Merger, are included in additional paid-in capital in the condensed consolidated balance sheet as of September 30, 2023. Prior to the Merger, Southland LLC declared a $50.0 million dividend to be payable to Southland Members, which is recorded in other noncurrent liabilities on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. Southland Members, in lieu of cash payment, agreed to receive a promissory note for payment in the future. The notes have a four-year term and accrue interest at 7.0%. Southland, at its discretion, may make interim interest and principal payments during the term.

Immediately after giving effect to the Business Combination, there were 44,407,831 shares of common stock and 14,385,500 warrants, each exercisable for a share of common stock at an exercise price of $11.50 per share (including public and private placement warrants) (“Warrants”), outstanding.

Earnout Shares

Pursuant to the Merger Agreement, Southland Members have the potential to be issued additional consideration of up to 10,344,828 shares of common stock for attaining certain performance targets for the years ended December 31, 2022, and December 31, 2023. On April 27, 2023, Southland issued 3,448,283 shares of common stock to the Southland Members pursuant to the attainment of the 2022 Base Target (as defined in the Merger Agreement).

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Fair Value Measurements

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Fair Value Measurements

Fair Value Measurements

4. Fair Value Measurements

Fair value of investments measured on a recurring basis as of September 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, were as follows:

	As of
	September 30, 2023
(Amounts in thousands)	Fair Value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Marketable Securities
Common stocks	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Total		—		—		—		—
Investments Noncurrent
Private equity		3,219		—		—		3,219
Total noncurrent		3,219		—		—		3,219
Overall Total	$	3,219	$	—	$	—	$	3,219

	As of
	December 31, 2022
(Amounts in thousands)	Fair Value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Marketable Securities
Common stocks	$	8	$	8	$	—	$	—
Total		8		8		—		—
Investments Noncurrent
Private equity		3,261		—		—		3,261
Total noncurrent		3,261		—		—		3,261
Overall Total	$	3,269	$	8	$	—	$	3,261

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Revenue

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Revenue

Revenue

5. Revenue

Revenue is recognized over time using the input method in accordance with ASC 606, measured by the percentage of cost incurred to date to estimated total cost for each contract. This method is used because we believe expended cost to be the best available measure of progress on contracts.

Our contracts are primarily in the form of firm fixed-price and fixed-price per unit. A large portion of our contracts have scope defined adequately, which allows us to estimate total contract value upon the signing of a new contract. Upon signing a new contract, we allocate the total consideration across various contractual promises to transfer a distinct good or service to a customer. These are grouped into specific performance obligations. This process requires significant management judgement. Most of our contracts have a single performance obligation. For contracts with multiple performance obligations, we allocate the total transaction price based on the estimated standalone selling price, which is the total project costs plus a budgeted margin percentage, for each of the performance obligations.

Revenue is recognized when, or as, the performance obligations are satisfied. Our contracts do not include a significant financing component. Costs to obtain contracts are generally not significant and are expensed in the period incurred.

Estimating cost to complete of long-term contracts involves a significant amount of estimation and judgement. For long-term contracts, we use the calculated transaction price, estimated cost to complete the project, and the total costs incurred on the project to date to calculate the percentage of the project that is complete. The costs to complete the project and the transaction price can change due to unforeseen events that can either increase or decrease the margin on a particular project.

Our contract structure allows for variable consideration. A significant portion of this variable consideration comes in the form of change order requests and claims. Other variable consideration can include volume discounts, performance bonuses, incentives, liquidated damages, and other terms that can either raise or lower the total transaction price. We estimate variable consideration based on the probability of being entitled to collection of specific amounts. We include amounts that we believe we have an enforceable right to collect based on our probability of success with specific claims or contractual rights. Our estimates of total variable consideration rely on all available information about our customer including historical, current, and forecasted information.

Many of our contracts require contract modifications resulting from a change in contract scope or requirements. Change orders are issued to document changes to the original contract. We can have approved and unapproved change orders. Unapproved change orders are contract modifications for which we or our customers have not agreed to terms, scope and price. Contract modifications are necessary for many reasons, including but not limited to, changes to the contract specifications or design from the customer, modification to the original scope, changes to engineering drawings, or other required deviation from the original construction plan. Contract modifications may also be necessary for reasons including, but not limited to, other changes to the contract which may be out of our control, such as rain or other weather delays, incomplete, insufficient, inaccurate engineering drawings, different site conditions from information made available during the estimating process, or other reasons. An unapproved change order may turn into a formal claim if we cannot come to an agreement with the owner but are contractually entitled to recovery of costs and profits for work performed. Costs incurred related to contract modifications are included in the estimated costs to complete and are treated as project costs when incurred. Unless the contract modification is distinct from the other goods and services included within the project, the contract modification is accounted for as part of the existing contract. The effect of any modifications on the transaction price, and our measure of the percentage-of-completion on specific performance obligations for which the contract modification relates, is recognized as a cumulative catch-up adjustment to revenue recognized. In some cases, contract modifications may not be fully settled until after the completion of work as specified in the original contract.

We review and update our contract estimates regularly. Any adjustments in estimated profit on contracts is recognized under the cumulative catch-up method. Under this method, the cumulative impact of the profit adjustment is recognized in the period the adjustment is identified. Revenue and profit in future periods are then recognized using an updated estimate that uses inputs consisting of the remaining transaction price, the remaining contract term, and the remaining costs to be incurred on the project.

If a contract is deemed to be in a loss position, the projected loss is recognized in full, including any previously recognized margin, in the period in which the change in estimate is made. Losses are recognized as an accrued loss provision on the consolidated balance sheets in the accrued liabilities caption. For contract revenue after the date that the loss is accrued, the accrued loss provision is adjusted so that the gross profit for the contract remains zero in future periods, subject to future adjustments to the overall expected profit or loss as determined at such time. As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, we had $16.7 million and $9.4 million, respectively, in accrued loss provision.

As of September 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, we had $180.2 million and $144.2 million, respectively, of unapproved contract modifications included within our various projects’ transaction prices. These modifications are in negotiation with our customers or other third parties.

We estimate the likelihood of collection during the bidding process for new contracts. Customers with history of late or non-payment are avoided in the bidding process. We consider the necessity for write-down of receivable balances in conjunction with GAAP when evaluating our estimates of transaction price and estimated costs to complete our projects.

We bill our customers in conjunction with our contract terms. Our contracts have three main categories, (i) contracts that are billed based on a specific timeline, (ii) contracts that are billed upon the completion of certain phases of work, or milestones, and (iii) contracts that are billed as services are provided. Some of our contracts are billed following the recognition of certain revenue. This creates an asset on our consolidated balance sheets captioned “contract assets.” Other contracts’ schedules allow us to bill customers prior to recognizing revenue. These contracts create a liability on our consolidated balance sheets captioned “contract liabilities.”

We segregate our business into two reportable segments: Transportation and Civil. Our Chief Operating Decision Maker (“CODM”) uses these segments in order to operate the business. Our segments offer different specialty infrastructure services. Our CODM regularly reviews our operating and financial performance based on these segments. Each of our reportable segments is composed of similar business units that specialize in specialty infrastructure projects that are unique.

Our business is managed using revenue and gross profit primarily. Our CODM regularly uses this information to review operating results, plan future bids, allocate resources, target customers, and plan future growth and capital allocations. To determine reportable segment gross profit, certain allocations, including allocations of shared and indirect costs, such as facility costs, equipment costs, and indirect operating expenses, were made.

Our Civil segment is comprised of Oscar Renda Contracting, Inc., Mole Constructors, Inc., Southland Contracting, Inc., Southland Holdings, LLC, Renda Pacific, LLC, Southland Renda JV, Southland RE Properties, Oscar Renda Contracting Canada, Southland Mole of Canada, Southland Technicore Mole joint venture, and Southland Astaldi joint venture. This segment focuses on projects throughout North America that include the design and construction of water pipeline, pump stations, lift stations, water and wastewater treatment plants, concrete and structural steel, outfall, and tunneling.

Our Transportation segment is comprised of American Bridge, Heritage Materials, LLC, and Johnson Bros. Corporation. This segment operates throughout North America and specializes in services that include the design and construction of bridges, roadways, marine, dredging, ship terminals, and piers, and specialty structures and facilities.

Total assets by segment are not presented as our CODM, as defined by ASC 280, does not review or allocate resources based on segment assets. We do not have material intersegment revenue or gross profit. Joint ventures are classified into the segment with which the projects align.

Segment Revenue

Revenue by segment for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, was as follows:

	Three Months Ended								Nine Months Ended
(Amounts in thousands)	September 30, 2023				September 30, 2022				September 30, 2023				September 30, 2022
			% of Total				% of Total				% of Total				% of Total
Segment	Revenue		Revenue		Revenue		Revenue		Revenue		Revenue		Revenue		Revenue
Civil	$	90,708	29.0	%	$	71,409	21.3	%	$	229,264	27.2	%	$	221,303	25.5	%
Transportation		221,764	71.0	%		263,716	78.7	%		614,964	72.8	%		645,324	74.5	%
Total revenue	$	312,472	100.0	%	$	335,125	100.0	%	$	844,228	100.0	%	$	866,627	100.0	%

Segment Gross Profit

Gross profit by segment for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, was as follows:

	Three Months Ended								Nine Months Ended
(Amounts in thousands)	September 30, 2023				September 30, 2022				September 30, 2023				September 30, 2022
			% of Segment				% of Segment				% of Segment				% of Segment
Segment	Gross Profit		Revenue		Gross Profit		Revenue		Gross Profit		Revenue		Gross Profit		Revenue
Civil	$	12,465	13.7	%	$	8,926	12.5	%	$	27,137	11.8	%	$	28,315	12.8	%
Transportation		17,064	7.7	%		53,484	20.3	%		(12,459)	(2.0)	%		76,763	11.9	%
Gross profit	$	29,529	9.5	%	$	62,410	18.6	%	$	14,678	1.7	%	$	105,078	12.1	%

Revenue earned outside of the United States was 25% and 23% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 5% and 6% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022.

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Debt

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Debt

Debt

6. Debt

Long-term debt and credit facilities consisted of the following as of September 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022:

	As of
(Amounts in thousands)	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Secured notes	$	218,890	$	177,914
Mortgage notes		754		901
Revolving credit facility		90,000		95,000
Equipment notes		—		31
Total debt		309,644		273,846
Unamortized deferred financing costs		(583)		(246)
Total debt, net		309,061		273,600
Less: Current portion		(47,825)		(46,322)
Total long-term debt	$	261,236		227,278

The weighted average interest rate on total debt outstanding as of September 30, 2023, was 6.09%. As of September 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, we were in compliance with all debt covenants.

Revolving Credit Facility

In July 2021, we entered into a revolving credit agreement with Frost Bank for $50.0 million. As of December 31, 2022, the revolving credit facility agreement had been amended and increased to $100.0 million. In August 2023, the revolving line of credit was extended through January 15, 2025 and we incurred $0.3 million as deferred financing cost. The revolving credit facility agreement bears interest on drawn balances at 1-month SOFR, subject to a floor of 0.90%, plus an applicable margin rate of 2.10%. As of September 30, 2023, $90.0 million was drawn on the revolver, and we had $10.0 million available. The revolver is collateralized by certain real estate assets, unencumbered assets, and a junior lien position on certain assets of Southland.

Secured Notes

We enter into secured notes in order to finance growth within our business. In July 2023, we refinanced approximately $76.4 million of existing secured notes in exchange for a new equipment note in the amount of $113.5 million. The new equipment note is secured by specific construction equipment assets and has a five-year fully amortizing term at a fixed rate of 7.25%. We incurred $0.3 million as deferred financing cost and $0.6 million as bank service charges in connection with the refinancing. As of September 30, 2023, we had outstanding secured notes scheduled to expire between November 2023 and March 2033. Interest rates on the secured notes range between 1.29% and 8.00%. The secured notes are collateralized by certain assets of Southland’s fleet of equipment.

Mortgage Notes

We also enter into mortgage notes in order to finance growth within our business. As of September 30, 2023, we had outstanding mortgage notes scheduled to expire between October 2023 and February 2029. Interest rates on the mortgage notes range between 3.84% and 5.99%. The mortgage notes are collateralized by certain real estate owned by Southland.

Equipment OEM Notes

We enter into equipment notes in order to complete certain specialty construction projects. As of September 30, 2023, we did not have any outstanding equipment OEM notes that are collateralized by certain equipment owned by Southland.

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Commitments and Contingencies

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Commitments and Contingencies.

Commitments and Contingencies

7. Commitments and Contingencies

Litigation

In the ordinary course of business, we and our affiliates are involved in various legal proceedings alleging, among other things, liability issues or breach of contract or tortious conduct in connection with the performance of services and/or materials provided, the outcomes of which cannot be predicted with certainty. We and our affiliates are also subject to government inquiries in the ordinary course of business seeking information concerning our compliance with government construction contracting requirements and various laws and regulations, the outcomes of which cannot be predicted with certainty.

Some of the matters in which we or our joint ventures and affiliates are involved may involve compensatory, punitive, or other claims or sanctions that, if granted, could require us to pay damages or make other expenditures in amounts that are not currently probable to be incurred or cannot currently be reasonably estimated. In addition, in some circumstances, our government contracts could be terminated, we could be suspended or incur other administrative penalties or sanctions, or payment of our costs could be disallowed. While any of our pending legal proceedings may be subject to early resolution as a result of our ongoing efforts to resolve the proceeding, whether or when any legal proceeding will be resolved is neither predictable nor guaranteed.

Accordingly, it is possible that future developments in such proceedings and inquiries could require us to (i) adjust existing accruals, or (ii) record new accruals that we did not originally believe to be probable or that could not be reasonably estimated. Such changes could be material to our financial condition, results of operations, and/or cash flows in any particular

reporting period. In addition to matters that are considered probable for which the loss can be reasonably estimated, disclosure is also provided when it is reasonably possible and estimable that a loss will be incurred, when it is reasonably possible that the amount of a loss will exceed the amount recorded, or a loss is probable but the loss cannot be estimated.

Liabilities relating to legal proceedings and government inquiries, to the extent that we have concluded such liabilities are probable and the amounts of such liabilities are reasonably estimable, are recorded on the consolidated balance sheets. A certain number of the claims are insured but subject to varying deductibles, and a certain number of the claims are uninsured. The aggregate range of possible loss related to (i) matters considered reasonably possible, and (ii) reasonably possible amounts in excess of accrued losses recorded for probable loss contingencies was immaterial, as of September 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022. Our estimates of such matters could change in future periods.

Surety Bonds

We, as a condition for entering into a substantial portion of our construction contracts, had outstanding surety bonds as of September 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022. We have agreed to indemnify the surety if the surety experiences a loss on the bonds of any of our affiliates.

Self-Insurance

We are self-insured up to certain limits with respect to workers’ compensation, and general liability and vehicle liability matters, and health insurance. We maintain accruals for self-insurance retentions based upon third-party data and claims history.

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Income Taxes

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Income Taxes

Income Taxes

8. Income Taxes

Prior to the Merger, Southland LLC, and various domestic subsidiaries, elected to be taxed as an S-corporation, under the provisions of Subchapter S of the Internal Revenue Code. As such, their respective earnings were not subject to entity level income tax, but instead, the owners were liable for federal income taxes on their respective shares of the applicable income. American Bridge and Oscar Renda, two domestic subsidiaries of Southland LLC, had historically been taxed as separate C-corporation and their income subject to entity-level tax.

Following the closing of the Merger on February 14, 2023, Southland LLC, along with various domestic subsidiaries, elected to voluntarily revoke their S-corporation status effective January 1, 2023. As a result, Southland LLC, and their domestic subsidiaries, will elect to file a consolidated corporate income tax return for the 2023 calendar year.  

The federal statutory tax rate is 21%.  Southland’s effective tax rate was 52.9% and 22.7% for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The primary differences between the statutory rate and the effective rate for the three months ended September 30, 2023 were due to state income taxes, as well as income earned in a foreign jurisdiction with a zero tax rate; however, that foreign income is included within U.S taxable income through GILTI. The effective tax rate was 50.1% and 24.4% for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The primary differences between the statutory rate and the effective rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 were due to state income taxes, the release of the valuation allowance recorded on American Bridge’s U.S. and state net deferred tax assets, permanent book to tax difference related to earnouts, and a lower effective rate on overall foreign earnings.

The change in filing structure as a result of the Merger required recording deferred tax assets and liabilities related to entities previously not subject to income tax with $5.1 million being recorded to income tax expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2023. As the Merger did not require acquisition accounting under U.S. GAAP, the recording of these deferred tax assets and liabilities was recorded to current operations in accordance with the requirements under ASC 740.  Additionally, $1.1 million was recorded to income tax expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 due to the change in the state effective tax rate applied to both American Bridge and Oscar Renda deferred tax assets and liabilities.  

As a result of the new U.S. consolidated filing structure, Southland LLC is in a net deferred tax asset position for both federal and state income tax mainly resulting from the capitalization of R&D expenses under IRC 174 offset by a deferred tax liability for the acceleration of depreciation for income tax purposes as for the three and nine month period ended September 30, 2023. Southland LLC is in a three-year cumulative book income position after adjusting for permanent and one-time items and

is forecasting that the net deferred tax assets, are more-likely-than-not to be fully utilized. Therefore, a valuation allowance is not deemed necessary as of September 30, 2023. The valuation allowance related to American Bridge federal and state net deferred tax assets previously recorded at the year ended December 31, 2022 has been removed resulting in a benefit to income tax of $3.8 million recorded in the three months ended March 31, 2023 and no change was recorded to this in the nine months ended September 30, 2023.

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Remaining Unsatisfied Performance Obligations

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Remaining Unsatisfied Performance Obligations

Remaining Unsatisfied Performance Obligations

9. Remaining Unsatisfied Performance Obligations

Remaining Unsatisfied Performance Obligations (“RUPO”) consists of two components: (1) unearned revenue and (2) awarded but not started. Unearned revenue includes the revenue we expect to record in the future on in-progress contracts, including 100% of our consolidated joint venture contracts and our proportionate share of unconsolidated joint venture contracts. Contracts that are awarded, but not yet started, are included in RUPO once a contract has been fully executed and/or we have received formal “Notice to Proceed” from the project owner.

Projects included in RUPO may be canceled or modified by customers and may not be indicative of future operating results. It is adjusted to reflect any known project cancellations, revisions to project scope and cost, foreign currency exchange fluctuations and project deferrals, as appropriate.

Fixed price contracts, particularly with federal, state and local government customers, are expected to continue to represent a majority of our total RUPO.

The following schedule shows the RUPO as of September 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022:

	As of
(Amounts in millions)	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Remaining Unsatisfied Performance Obligations	$	2,541	$	2,973

The Company expects to recognize approximately 42% of its RUPOs as revenue during the next twelve months, and the balance thereafter.

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Cost and Estimated Earnings on Uncompleted Contracts

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Cost and Estimated Earnings on Uncompleted Contracts

Cost and Estimated Earnings on Uncompleted Contracts

10. Cost and Estimated Earnings on Uncompleted Contracts

Contract assets as of September 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, consisted of the following:

	As of
(Amounts in thousands)	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Costs in excess of billings	$	486,077	$	480,825
Costs to fulfill contracts, net		29,284		32,081
Contract assets	$	515,361	$	512,906

Costs and estimated earnings on uncompleted contracts were as follows as of September 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022:

	As of
(Amounts in thousands)	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Costs incurred on uncompleted contracts	$	7,149,753	$	6,874,709
Estimated earnings		450,888		398,917
Costs incurred and estimated earnings		7,600,641		7,273,626
Less: billings to date		(7,299,191)		(6,924,358)
Costs to fulfill contracts, net		29,284		32,081
Net contract position	$	330,734	$	381,349

Our net contract position is included on the condensed consolidated balance sheets under the following captions:

	As of
(Amounts in thousands)	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Contract assets	$	515,361	$	512,906
Contract liabilities		(184,627)		(131,557)
Net contract position	$	330,734	$	381,349

As of September 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, we had recorded $288.2 million and $260.8 million, respectively, related to claims. The classification of these amounts are represented on the consolidated balance sheets as of September 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, as follows:

(Amounts in thousands)	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Costs in excess of billings	$	190,024	$	156,127
Investments		98,224		104,643
Claims asset total	$	288,248	$	260,770

On January 1, 2022, we had contract liabilities of $111.3 million, of which $14.2 million and $104.9 were recognized as revenue during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022.

On January 1, 2023, we had contract liabilities of $131.6 million, of which $18.9 million and $118.2 were recognized as revenue during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023.

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Noncontrolling Interests Holders

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Noncontrolling Interests Holders

Noncontrolling Interests Holders

11. Noncontrolling Interests Holders

Southland has several controlling interests including both joint ventures and partnerships. We have controlling interests and allocate earnings and losses in those entities to the noncontrolling interest holders based on our ownership percentages.

We owned an 84.7% interest in Oscar Renda Contracting, Inc. (“Oscar Renda”), as of September 30, 2023, and September 30, 2022.

We owned a 65.0% interest in the Southland Technicore Mole joint venture and a 70.0% interest in the Southland Astaldi joint venture as of September 30, 2023, and September 30, 2022.

We consolidated each of Oscar Renda Contracting, Inc., Southland Technicore Mole joint venture, and Southland Astaldi joint venture because of our control of the entity through our ownership percentage over the joint venture operations. We have fully consolidated revenue, cost of construction, and other costs on our unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations and balances on the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets.

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Related Party Transactions

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Related Party Transactions

Related Party Transactions

12. Related Party Transactions

Southland occasionally enters into subcontracts with a subcontractor in which certain employees hold a minority ownership. Cost of construction related to this subcontractor was $0.4 million and $0.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and $1.7 million and $0.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Accounts payable balance due to this subcontractor was $0.5 million and $0.1 million as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022. The terms on which Southland enters into agreements with this related party are substantially the same as terms the Company would enter into with a similar, unrelated party.

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Earnings (Loss) per Share

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Earnings (Loss) per Share

Earnings (Loss) per Share

13. Earnings (Loss) per Share

Basic and diluted net loss per share for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 consisted of the following (in thousands, except shares and per share amounts):

	Three Months Ended		Nine Months Ended
	September 30, 2023		September 30, 2023
Numerator:
Net income (loss)	$	4,791	$	(11,376)
Less net income attributable to noncontrolling interests		991		2,314
Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders, basic and diluted		3,800		(13,690)
Denominator(1):
Weighted average common shares outstanding — basic		47,856,114		46,771,938
Add: Dilutive effect of restricted stock units		15,928		-
Weighted average common shares outstanding — diluted		47,872,042		46,771,938
Net income (loss) per share — basic	$	0.08	$	(0.29)
Net income (loss) per share — diluted	$	0.08	$	(0.29)

(1) The structure of Southland’s historical common equity structure was in the form of membership percentages and no shares were issued. As such, reporting periods prior to the three months ended March 31, 2023 will not present share or per share data.

As the average market price of common stock for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 did not exceed the exercise price of the Warrants, the potential dilution from the Warrants converting into 14,385,500 shares of common stock for both periods have been excluded from the number of shares used in calculating diluted net income (loss) per share as their inclusion would have been antidilutive.

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Basis of Presentation (Policies)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Basis of Presentation

Consolidated U.S. GAAP Presentation

Consolidated U.S. GAAP Presentation

These interim unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with United States generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”). The Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) contains guidance that form GAAP. New guidance is released via Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”).

The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared by us pursuant to the rules and regulations of the SEC regarding interim financial reporting. Accordingly, certain information and footnote disclosures required by GAAP for complete financial statements have been condensed or omitted in accordance with such rules and regulations. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring adjustments) considered necessary for a fair presentation of the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been included. These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with our Annual Report which was filed on Form 8-K/A on March 22, 2023.

The accompanying balance sheet and related disclosures as of December 31, 2022, have been derived from the 8-K/A filed on March 22, 2023. The Company’s financial condition as of September 30, 2023, and operating results for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, are not necessarily indicative of the financial conditions and results of operations that may be expected for any future interim period or for the year ending December 31, 2023.

The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Southland Holdings, Inc., and our majority-owned and controlled subsidiaries and affiliates. All significant intercompany transactions are eliminated within the consolidations process. Investments in non-construction related partnerships and less-than-majority owned subsidiaries that we do not control, but where we have significant influence are accounted for under the equity method. Certain construction related joint ventures and partnerships that we do not control, nor do we have significant influence are accounted for under the equity method for the balance sheet and the proportionate consolidation method for the statement of operations.

Use of Estimates

Use of Estimates

The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amount of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Management periodically evaluates estimates used in the preparation of the consolidated financial statements for continued reasonableness. It is reasonably possible that changes may occur in the near term that would affect our estimates with respect to the input method, the allowance for credit losses, recoverability of unapproved contract modifications, deferred tax assets, and other accounts for which estimates are required.

Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash

Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash

We consider all highly liquid instruments purchased with a maturity of three months or less as cash equivalents. We maintain our cash in accounts at certain financial institutions. The majority of our balances exceed federally insured limits.

We have not experienced any losses in these accounts, and we do not believe they are exposed to any significant credit risk.

Restricted cash and cash equivalents consist of amounts held in accounts in our name at certain financial institutions. These accounts are subject to certain control provisions in favor of various surety and insurance companies for purposes of compliance and security perfections.

Goodwill and Intangibles

Goodwill and Intangibles

Goodwill and indefinite-lived intangibles are tested for impairment annually in the fourth quarter, or more frequently if events or circumstances indicate that goodwill or indefinite-lived intangibles may be impaired. We evaluate goodwill at the reporting unit level (operating segment or one level below an operating segment). We identify our reporting unit and determine the carrying value of the reporting unit by assigning the assets and liabilities, including the existing goodwill and indefinite-lived intangibles, to the reporting unit. Our reporting units are based on our organizational and reporting structure. We currently identify three reporting units. We begin with a qualitative assessment using inputs based on our business, our industry, and overall macroeconomic factors. If our qualitative assessment deems that the fair value of a reporting unit is more likely than not less than its carrying amount, we then complete a quantitative assessment to determine the fair value of the reporting unit and compare it to the carrying amount of the reporting unit. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, there was no impairment recorded.

Long-Lived Assets

Long-Lived Assets

We review long-lived assets, including finite-lived intangible assets subject to amortization, for impairment upon the occurrence of events or changes in circumstances that would indicate that the carrying value of the asset or group of assets may not be recoverable. Recoverability of assets to be held and used is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount of an asset or group of assets to the future net cash flows expected to be generated by the asset or group of assets. If such assets are not considered to be fully recoverable, any impairment to be recognized is measured by the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset or group of assets exceeds its respective fair value. Assets to be disposed of are reported at the lower of the carrying amount or fair value less costs to sell.  During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, we did not identify any triggering events that would require a quantitative assessment.

Accounts Receivable, Net

Accounts Receivable, Net

We provide an allowance for credit losses, which is based upon a review of outstanding receivables, historical collection information, existing economic conditions, and future expectations. Normal contracts receivables are typically due within 10-30 days after the issuance of the invoice and may vary by customer. Retainages are due after completion of the project and acceptance by the contract owner. We may be able to negotiate release of some retainages upon meeting certain milestones. Warranty retainage receivables are due after the expiration of the warranty period, if applicable. Receivables past due more than 120 days are considered delinquent. Delinquent receivables are written off based on individual credit evaluations and specific circumstances of the customer.

As of September 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, we had an allowance for credit losses of $1.5 million.

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

In March 2020, FASB issued ASU 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform (“Topic 848”): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting (“Update 2020-04”), which provides optional expedients and exceptions for applying U.S. GAAP principles to contracts, hedging relationships, and other transactions affected by reference rate reform if certain criteria are met. The amendments in Update 2020-04 apply only to contracts, hedging relationships, and other transactions that reference LIBOR or another reference rate expected to be discontinued because of reference rate reform. We adopted Topic 848 as of January 1, 2021. The expedients and exceptions provided by the amendments do not apply to contract modifications made and hedging relationships entered into or evaluated after December 31, 2022, except for hedging relationships existing as of December 31, 2022, that an entity has elected optional expedients for and that are retained through the end of the hedging relationship. The provisions in Update 2020-04 are effective upon issuance and can be applied prospectively through December 31, 2022. Our adoption of Update 2020-04 did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures. We no longer have any debt that references LIBOR.

In June 2016, FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, (“Topic 326”). The standard requires the immediate recognition of estimated credit losses expected to occur over the life of financial assets rather than the current incurred loss impairment model that recognizes losses when a probability threshold is met. Topic 326 is effective for annual periods beginning after January 1, 2023, and interim periods within those fiscal years. The implementation of Topic

326 in 2023 did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements given the nature of our contracts and our historical loss experience.

Significant Accounting Policies

Significant Accounting Policies

The significant accounting policies followed by the Company are set forth in Note 2 to the 8-K/A filed on March 22, 2023, and contained elsewhere herein, other than the policy for warrants, which is included below. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, there were no significant changes in our use of estimates or significant accounting policies.

Warrants

Warrants

The Company accounts for warrants as either equity-classified or liability-classified instruments based on an assessment of the instruments’ specific terms and applicable authoritative guidance in FASB ASC 480, “Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity” (“ASC 480”), and ASC 815, “Derivatives and Hedging” (“ASC 815”). The assessment considers whether the instruments are freestanding financial instruments pursuant to ASC 480, meet the definition of a liability pursuant to ASC 480, and whether the instruments meet all of the requirements for equity classification under ASC 815, including whether the instruments are indexed to the Company’s own common shares and whether the instrument holders could potentially require “net cash settlement” in a circumstance outside of the Company’s control, among other conditions for equity classification. This assessment, which requires the use of professional judgment, was conducted at the time of warrant issuance and as of each subsequent quarterly period end date while the instruments are outstanding. The Company has concluded that the Public Warrants and Private Warrants issued pursuant to the warrant agreement qualify for equity accounting treatment. 

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Fair Value Measurements (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Fair Value Measurements

Schedule of Fair value, assets measured on recurring basis

	As of
	September 30, 2023
(Amounts in thousands)	Fair Value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Marketable Securities
Common stocks	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Total		—		—		—		—
Investments Noncurrent
Private equity		3,219		—		—		3,219
Total noncurrent		3,219		—		—		3,219
Overall Total	$	3,219	$	—	$	—	$	3,219

	As of
	December 31, 2022
(Amounts in thousands)	Fair Value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Marketable Securities
Common stocks	$	8	$	8	$	—	$	—
Total		8		8		—		—
Investments Noncurrent
Private equity		3,261		—		—		3,261
Total noncurrent		3,261		—		—		3,261
Overall Total	$	3,269	$	8	$	—	$	3,261

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Revenue (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Revenue

Schedule of revenue by segment

	Three Months Ended								Nine Months Ended
(Amounts in thousands)	September 30, 2023				September 30, 2022				September 30, 2023				September 30, 2022
			% of Total				% of Total				% of Total				% of Total
Segment	Revenue		Revenue		Revenue		Revenue		Revenue		Revenue		Revenue		Revenue
Civil	$	90,708	29.0	%	$	71,409	21.3	%	$	229,264	27.2	%	$	221,303	25.5	%
Transportation		221,764	71.0	%		263,716	78.7	%		614,964	72.8	%		645,324	74.5	%
Total revenue	$	312,472	100.0	%	$	335,125	100.0	%	$	844,228	100.0	%	$	866,627	100.0	%

Schedule of gross profit by segment

	Three Months Ended								Nine Months Ended
(Amounts in thousands)	September 30, 2023				September 30, 2022				September 30, 2023				September 30, 2022
			% of Segment				% of Segment				% of Segment				% of Segment
Segment	Gross Profit		Revenue		Gross Profit		Revenue		Gross Profit		Revenue		Gross Profit		Revenue
Civil	$	12,465	13.7	%	$	8,926	12.5	%	$	27,137	11.8	%	$	28,315	12.8	%
Transportation		17,064	7.7	%		53,484	20.3	%		(12,459)	(2.0)	%		76,763	11.9	%
Gross profit	$	29,529	9.5	%	$	62,410	18.6	%	$	14,678	1.7	%	$	105,078	12.1	%

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Debt (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Debt

Schedule of long term debt

	As of
(Amounts in thousands)	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Secured notes	$	218,890	$	177,914
Mortgage notes		754		901
Revolving credit facility		90,000		95,000
Equipment notes		—		31
Total debt		309,644		273,846
Unamortized deferred financing costs		(583)		(246)
Total debt, net		309,061		273,600
Less: Current portion		(47,825)		(46,322)
Total long-term debt	$	261,236		227,278

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Remaining Unsatisfied Performance Obligations (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Remaining Unsatisfied Performance Obligations

Schedule of remaining unsatisfied performance obligations

	As of
(Amounts in millions)	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Remaining Unsatisfied Performance Obligations	$	2,541	$	2,973

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Cost and Estimated Earnings on Uncompleted Contracts (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Cost and Estimated Earnings on Uncompleted Contracts

Schedule of contract assets

	As of
(Amounts in thousands)	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Costs in excess of billings	$	486,077	$	480,825
Costs to fulfill contracts, net		29,284		32,081
Contract assets	$	515,361	$	512,906

Schedule of costs and estimated earnings on uncompleted contracts

	As of
(Amounts in thousands)	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Costs incurred on uncompleted contracts	$	7,149,753	$	6,874,709
Estimated earnings		450,888		398,917
Costs incurred and estimated earnings		7,600,641		7,273,626
Less: billings to date		(7,299,191)		(6,924,358)
Costs to fulfill contracts, net		29,284		32,081
Net contract position	$	330,734	$	381,349

Schedule of net contract position

	As of
(Amounts in thousands)	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Contract assets	$	515,361	$	512,906
Contract liabilities		(184,627)		(131,557)
Net contract position	$	330,734	$	381,349

Schedule of condensed consolidated balance sheets

(Amounts in thousands)	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Costs in excess of billings	$	190,024	$	156,127
Investments		98,224		104,643
Claims asset total	$	288,248	$	260,770

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Earnings (Loss) per Share (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Earnings (Loss) per Share

Schedule of loss per share basic and diluted

Basic and diluted net loss per share for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 consisted of the following (in thousands, except shares and per share amounts):

	Three Months Ended		Nine Months Ended
	September 30, 2023		September 30, 2023
Numerator:
Net income (loss)	$	4,791	$	(11,376)
Less net income attributable to noncontrolling interests		991		2,314
Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders, basic and diluted		3,800		(13,690)
Denominator(1):
Weighted average common shares outstanding — basic		47,856,114		46,771,938
Add: Dilutive effect of restricted stock units		15,928		-
Weighted average common shares outstanding — diluted		47,872,042		46,771,938
Net income (loss) per share — basic	$	0.08	$	(0.29)
Net income (loss) per share — diluted	$	0.08	$	(0.29)

(1) The structure of Southland’s historical common equity structure was in the form of membership percentages and no shares were issued. As such, reporting periods prior to the three months ended March 31, 2023 will not present share or per share data.

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Description of Business - Narrative (Details)	Sep. 30, 2023 subsidiary	Feb. 14, 2023 shares
Description of Business
Number of subsidiaries | subsidiary	6
Common stock, shares issued in merger | shares		0

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Basis of Presentation - Narrative (Details) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2022 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($) item	Sep. 30, 2022 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)
Basis of Presentation
Number of reporting units | item			3
Impairment of intangible assets	$ 0.0	$ 0.0	$ 0.0	$ 0.0
Impairment of goodwill	0.0	$ 0.0	0.0	$ 0.0
Allowance for credit losses	$ 1.5		$ 1.5		$ 1.5

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Recapitalization (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands				9 Months Ended
	Apr. 27, 2023	Feb. 14, 2023	Feb. 13, 2023	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Shares issued to former members		33,793,111
Net proceeds received		$ 17,100		$ 17,088
Dividend payable to members			$ 50,000
Transaction costs				$ 9,900
Common stock, shares outstanding		44,407,831		47,856,114		0
Warrants outstanding		14,385,500
Exercise price (in dollars per share)		$ 11.50
Shares for attaining certain performance targets						10,344,828
Stock issued during period (in shares)	3,448,283
Promissory note
Notes expiration term			4 years
Interest rate (as a percentage)			7.00%
Forecast
Shares for attaining certain performance targets					10,344,828

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Fair Value Measurements (Details) - Recurring - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Fair Value Measurements
Marketable Securities		$ 8
Investments Noncurrent	$ 3,219	3,261
Overall Total	3,219	3,269
Common Stocks
Fair Value Measurements
Marketable Securities		8
Private equity
Fair Value Measurements
Investments Noncurrent	3,219	3,261
Level 1
Fair Value Measurements
Marketable Securities		8
Overall Total		8
Level 1 | Common Stocks
Fair Value Measurements
Marketable Securities		8
Level 3
Fair Value Measurements
Investments Noncurrent	3,219	3,261
Overall Total	3,219	3,261
Level 3 | Private equity
Fair Value Measurements
Investments Noncurrent	$ 3,219	$ 3,261

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Revenue - Segment Revenue (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Revenue
Revenue	$ 312,472	$ 335,125	$ 844,228	$ 866,627
% of Total Revenue	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%
Civil
Revenue
Revenue	$ 90,708	$ 71,409	$ 229,264	$ 221,303
% of Total Revenue	29.00%	21.30%	27.20%	25.50%
Transportation
Revenue
Revenue	$ 221,764	$ 263,716	$ 614,964	$ 645,324
% of Total Revenue	71.00%	78.70%	72.80%	74.50%

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Revenue - Segment Gross Profit (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Revenue
Gross Profit	$ 29,529	$ 62,410	$ 14,678	$ 105,078
% of Segment Revenue	9.50%	18.60%	1.70%	12.10%
Civil
Revenue
Gross Profit	$ 12,465	$ 8,926	$ 27,137	$ 28,315
% of Segment Revenue	13.70%	12.50%	11.80%	12.80%
Transportation
Revenue
Gross Profit	$ 17,064	$ 53,484	$ (12,459)	$ 76,763
% of Segment Revenue	7.70%	20.30%	(2.00%)	11.90%

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Revenue - Narrative (Details) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($) segment	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)
Accrued loss provision	$ 16.7		$ 16.7		$ 9.4
Contract modifications	$ 180.2		$ 180.2		$ 144.2
Number of reportable segments | segment			2
Foreign
Revenue earned	25.00%	5.00%	23.00%	6.00%

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Debt - Components (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2023	Jul. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Debt
Total debt	$ 309,644		$ 273,846
Unamortized deferred financing costs	(583)		(246)
Total debt, net	309,061		273,600
Less: Current portion	(47,825)		(46,322)
Total long-term debt	261,236		227,278
Secured notes
Debt
Total debt	218,890	$ 113,500	177,914
Mortgage notes
Debt
Total debt	754		901
Revolving credit facility
Debt
Total debt	$ 90,000		95,000
Equipment notes
Debt
Total debt			$ 31

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Debt - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	1 Months Ended	9 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Jul. 31, 2023	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Aug. 31, 2023	Jul. 31, 2021
Debt
Weighted average interest rate		6.09%
Payments of Financing Costs		$ 578
Total debt		309,644	$ 273,846
Revolving credit facility
Debt
Maximum available under facility			100,000		$ 50,000
Revolving credit facility		90,000
Available for borrowing		10,000
Total debt		90,000	$ 95,000
Deferred financing cost				$ 300
Revolving credit facility | SOFR
Debt
Margin rate			2.10%
Revolving credit facility | SOFR | Minimum
Debt
Line of credit interest rate			0.90%
Secured notes
Debt
Interest rate (as a percentage)	7.25%
Amount of debt refinanced	$ 76,400
Total debt	$ 113,500	$ 218,890	$ 177,914
Amortizing term	5 years
Deferred financing cost	$ 300
Bank service charges	$ 600
Secured notes | Minimum
Debt
Interest rate (as a percentage)		1.29%
Secured notes | Maximum
Debt
Interest rate (as a percentage)		8.00%
Mortgage notes
Debt
Total debt		$ 754	901
Mortgage notes | Minimum
Debt
Interest rate (as a percentage)		3.84%
Mortgage notes | Maximum
Debt
Interest rate (as a percentage)		5.99%
Equipment notes
Debt
Total debt			$ 31

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Income Taxes - Narrative (Details) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($) subsidiary	Sep. 30, 2022	Mar. 31, 2023 USD ($)
Income Taxes
Number of subsidiaries historically taxed as C-corporation | subsidiary			2
Federal statutory tax rate			21.00%
Effective tax rate	52.90%	22.70%	50.10%	24.40%
Increase in deferred tax assets and liabilities			$ 5.1
State income taxes - net of federal benefit			$ 1.1
U.S. and state net deferred tax assets					$ 3.8

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Remaining Unsatisfied Performance Obligations (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Remaining Unsatisfied Performance Obligations
Percentage of consolidated joint venture contracts	100.00%
Remaining Unsatisfied Performance Obligations	$ 2,541	$ 2,973
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2023-10-01
Remaining Unsatisfied Performance Obligations
Percentage of revenue expects to recognize	42.00%
Expected timing of satisfaction	12 months

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Cost and Estimated Earnings on Uncompleted Contracts - Contract assets (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Cost and Estimated Earnings on Uncompleted Contracts
Costs in excess of billings	$ 486,077	$ 480,825
Costs to fulfill contracts, net	29,284	32,081
Contract assets	$ 515,361	$ 512,906

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Cost and Estimated Earnings on Uncompleted Contracts - Costs and estimated earnings (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Cost and Estimated Earnings on Uncompleted Contracts
Costs incurred on uncompleted contracts	$ 7,149,753	$ 6,874,709
Estimated earnings	450,888	398,917
Costs incurred and estimated earnings	7,600,641	7,273,626
Less: billings to date	(7,299,191)	(6,924,358)
Costs to fulfill contracts, net	29,284	32,081
Net contract position	$ 330,734	$ 381,349

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Cost and Estimated Earnings on Uncompleted Contracts - Net contract position (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2023	Jan. 01, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Jan. 01, 2022
Cost and Estimated Earnings on Uncompleted Contracts
Contract assets	$ 515,361		$ 512,906
Contract liabilities	(184,627)	$ (131,600)	(131,557)	$ (111,300)
Net contract position	$ 330,734		$ 381,349

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Cost and Estimated Earnings on Uncompleted Contracts - Consolidated balance sheets (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Cost and Estimated Earnings on Uncompleted Contracts
Costs in excess of billings	$ 190,024	$ 156,127
Investments	98,224	104,643
Claims asset total	$ 288,248	$ 260,770

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Cost and Estimated Earnings on Uncompleted Contracts - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Jan. 01, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Jan. 01, 2022
Cost and Estimated Earnings on Uncompleted Contracts
Claims	$ 288,200		$ 288,200			$ 260,800
Contract liabilities	184,627		184,627		$ 131,600	$ 131,557	$ 111,300
Contract revenue recognized	$ 18,900	$ 14,200	$ 118,200	$ 104,900

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Noncontrolling Interests Holders - Narrative (Details)	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Oscar Renda
Noncontrolling Interests Holders
Noncontrolling Interests	84.70%	84.70%
Southland Technicore Mole
Noncontrolling Interests Holders
Noncontrolling Interests	65.00%	65.00%
Southland Astaldi
Noncontrolling Interests Holders
Noncontrolling Interests	70.00%	70.00%

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Related Party Transactions (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022
Related party transactions
Accounts payable, related parties	$ 137,347		$ 137,347		$ 126,385
Related Party
Related party transactions
Cost of construction, related parties	400	$ 100	1,700	$ 100
Accounts payable, related parties	$ 500		$ 500		$ 100

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Earnings (Loss) per Share - Basic and diluted net loss per share (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands		3 Months Ended						9 Months Ended
		Sep. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2023	Mar. 31, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2022	Mar. 31, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Feb. 14, 2023
Numerator:
Net income (loss)		$ 4,791	$ (11,901)	$ (4,266)	$ 36,123	$ 19,328	$ (12,973)	$ (11,376)	$ 42,478
Less net income attributable to noncontrolling interests		991			$ 924			2,314	$ 1,474
Net loss attributable to common stockholders, basic		3,800						(13,690)
Net loss attributable to common stockholders, diluted		$ 3,800						$ (13,690)
Weighted average shares outstanding
Weighted average common shares outstanding - basic (in shares)	[1]	47,856,114						46,771,938
Add: Dilutive effect of restricted stock units		15,928
Weighted average common shares outstanding - diluted (in shares)	[1]	47,872,042						46,771,938
Net loss per share - basic (in dollars per shares)	[1]	$ 0.08						$ (0.29)
Net loss per share - diluted (in dollars per shares)	[1]	$ 0.08						$ (0.29)
Common stock, shares issued in merger										0

[1] The structure of Southland’s historical common equity structure was in the form of membership percentages and no shares were issued. As such, reporting periods prior to the three months ended March 31, 2023 will not present share or per share data.

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Earnings (Loss) per Share - Computation of diluted net loss per antidilutive (Details) - shares	3 Months Ended	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2023
Earnings (Loss) per Share
Antidilutive securities excluded from computation of earnings per share, amount	14,385,500	14,385,500

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Pay vs Performance Disclosure - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Pay vs Performance Disclosure
Net Income (Loss)	$ 3,800	$ 35,199	$ (13,690)	$ 41,004

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Insider Trading Arrangements	3 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023
Trading Arrangements, by Individual
Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted	false
Non-Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted	false
Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Terminated	false
Non-Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Terminated	false