Exhibit 1.1
[●] Shares
IVANHOE
ELECTRIC INC.
COMMON STOCK, PAR VALUE $0.0001 PER SHARE
UNDERWRITING AGREEMENT
[●], 2022
BMO Capital Markets Corp.
Jefferies LLC
As Representatives of the
Several Underwriters
c/o BMO Capital Markets Corp.
151 W 42nd St.
New York, New York 10036
and
Jefferies LLC
520 Madison Avenue
New York, New York 10022
and
J.P. Morgan Securities LLC
383 Madison Avenue
New York, NY 10179
Ladies and Gentlemen:
Ivanhoe Electric Inc., a Delaware
corporation (the “Company”), proposes, subject to the terms and conditions stated herein, to issue and sell an aggregate
of [●] shares (the “Firm Shares”) of the Company’s common stock, $0.0001 par value per share (the “Common
Stock”), to the several underwriters (collectively, the “Underwriters”) named in Schedule I to this
agreement (this “Agreement”), for whom BMO Capital Markets Corp. (“BMOCM”) and Jefferies LLC are
acting as representatives (the “Representatives”). The Company has also agreed to grant to the Underwriters an option
(the “Option”) to purchase up to an additional [●] shares of Common Stock (the “Option Shares”)
on the terms set forth in Section 1(b) hereof. The Firm Shares and the Option Shares are hereinafter collectively referred to
as the “Shares.”
The Company confirms as follows
its agreement with the Representatives and the several other Underwriters:
1. Agreement
to Sell and Purchase.
(a) Purchase
of Firm Shares. On the basis of the representations, warranties and agreements of the Company contained herein and subject to all
the terms and conditions of this Agreement, the Company agrees to sell to the several Underwriters and each of the several Underwriters,
severally and not jointly, agrees to purchase from the Company, at a purchase price per share of $[●] (the “Purchase Price”),
the number of Firm Shares set forth opposite the name of such Underwriter in Schedule I, plus such additional number of Firm Shares
which such Underwriter may become obligated to purchase pursuant to Section 8 hereof.
(b) Purchase
of Option Shares. Subject to all the terms and conditions of this Agreement, the Company grants the Option to the several Underwriters
to purchase, severally and not jointly, all or less than all of the Option Shares at the Purchase Price less an amount per share equal
to any dividends or distributions declared by the Company and payable on the Firm Shares but not payable on the Option Shares. The Option
may be exercised in whole or in part at any time on or before the 30th day after the date of this Agreement, upon written notice (the
“Option Shares Notice”) by the Representatives to the Company no later than 12:00 noon, New York City time, at least
two and no more than five business days before the date specified for closing in the Option Shares Notice (the “Option Closing
Date”) setting forth the aggregate number of Option Shares to be purchased and the time and date for such purchase. On any Option
Closing Date, the Company shall issue and sell to the Underwriters the number of Option Shares set forth in the Option Shares Notice and
each Underwriter shall purchase from the Company such percentage of the Option Shares as is equal to the percentage of Firm Shares that
such Underwriter is purchasing, as adjusted by the Representatives in such manner as they deem advisable to avoid fractional shares.
2. Delivery
and Payment.
(a) Closing.
Delivery of the Firm Shares shall be made to the Representatives through the facilities of the Depository Trust Company (“DTC”)
for the respective accounts of the Underwriters against payment of the Purchase Price by wire transfer of immediately available funds
to the Company. Such payment shall be made at 9:00 a.m., New York City time, on the second business day (the third business day,
should the offering be priced after 4:00 p.m., Eastern Time) after the date on which the first bona fide offering of the Firm
Shares to the public is made by the Underwriters or at such time on such other date, not later than ten business days after such date,
as may be agreed upon by the Company and the Representatives (such date is hereinafter referred to as the “Closing Date”).
(b) Option
Closing. To the extent the Option is exercised, delivery of the Option Shares against payment by the Representatives (in the manner
and at the location specified above) shall take place at the time and date (which may be the Closing Date, but not earlier than the Closing
Date) specified in the Option Shares Notice.
(c) Electronic
Transfer. Electronic transfer of Shares shall be made at the time of purchase in such names and in such denominations as the Representatives
shall specify.
(d) Stamp
Tax. The Company shall pay, bear and hold the Underwriters harmless against any stamp duty, stamp duty reserve tax, and any other
issue, transfer, registration, documentary, value added tax or sales tax or duty in any jurisdiction (“Stamp Tax”)
which is payable in connection with: (i) the execution, delivery, consummation or enforcement of this Agreement; (ii) the grant,
exercise or lapsing of the Option; (iii) the creation, allotment, or issue of any Shares; (iv) the initial entry of the Shares
into the facilities of DTC; (v) the acquisition of the Shares by, or crediting or delivery of the Shares to or for the account of,
the Underwriters (or any purchasers or subscribers procured by the Underwriters); or (vi) the sale and/or delivery of any Shares
by any Underwriter to any initial purchaser in the manner contemplated in this Agreement.
3. Representations
and Warranties of the Company. The Company represents and warrants to, and covenants with, each Underwriter as follows:
(a) Compliance
with Registration Requirements. A registration statement on Form S-1 (Registration No. 333-265175) relating to the Shares,
including a preliminary prospectus and such amendments to such registration statement as may have been required to the date of this Agreement,
has been prepared by the Company under the provisions of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Act”), and the
rules and regulations (collectively referred to as the “Rules and Regulations”) of the Securities and Exchange
Commission (the “Commission”) thereunder, and has been filed with the Commission. Copies of such registration statement
and of each amendment thereto, if any, including the related preliminary prospectuses, heretofore filed by the Company with the Commission
have been delivered or made available to the Underwriters. The term “Registration Statement” means the registration
statement as amended at the time it becomes or became effective, including financial statements and all exhibits and any information deemed
to be included therein by Rule 430A, Rule 430B or Rule 430C of the Rules and Regulations, as applicable. If the Company
files a registration statement to register a portion of the Shares and relies on Rule 462(b) of the Rules and Regulations
for such registration statement to become effective upon filing with the Commission (the “Rule 462 Registration Statement”),
then any reference to the “Registration Statement” shall be deemed to include the Rule 462 Registration Statement, as
amended from time to time. The term “U.S. preliminary prospectus” as used herein means a preliminary prospectus as
contemplated by Rule 430, Rule 430A or Rule 430B of the Rules and Regulations included at any time as part of, or
deemed to be part of or included in, the registration statement. The term “U.S. Prospectus” means the final prospectus
in connection with this offering as first filed with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b) of the Rules and Regulations
or, if no such filing is required, the form of final prospectus included in the Registration Statement at the effective date. The term
“Testing-the-Waters Communication” means any oral or written communication with potential investors in reliance on
Section 5(d) of the Act and Section 13.4 of National Instrument 41-101 – General Prospectus Requirements (“NI
41-101”). The term “Written Testing-the-Waters Communication” means any Testing-the-Waters Communication
that is a written communication within the meaning of Rule 405 of the Rules and Regulations. The Company has also prepared and
filed a preliminary base PREP prospectus relating to the Shares in the English language in accordance with the rules and procedures
established pursuant to National Instrument 44-103—Post-Receipt Pricing (“NI 44-103”) for the pricing of securities
after the receipt for a prospectus has been obtained (the “Canadian Preliminary Prospectus”) with the British Columbia
Securities Commission (the “BCSC”) and with the securities commissions or other securities regulatory authorities in each
of the provinces and territories of Canada other than the Québec (“Canadian Securities Commissions”).
The Company has obtained a receipt from the BCSC for the Canadian Preliminary Prospectus, which receipt also evidences that a receipt
for the Canadian Preliminary Prospectus has been deemed to have been issued by each of the other Canadian Securities Commissions in accordance
with Multilateral Instrument 11-102—Passport System (“MI 11-102”) and National Policy 11-202—Process for
Prospectus Review in Multiple Jurisdictions (“NP 11-202” together with MI 11-102, the “Passport System”).
The Company has also prepared and filed with the BCSC and the other Canadian Securities Commissions a final base PREP prospectus relating
to the offering of the Shares in each of the provinces and territories of Canada (other than Québec) in the English language in
accordance with NI 44-103 (the “Canadian Final Prospectus”), and has obtained a receipt from the BCSC for the Canadian
Final Prospectus, which receipt also evidences that a receipt for the Canadian Final Prospectus has been deemed to have been issued by
each of the other Canadian Securities Commissions on the basis that the Company has satisfied the conditions pursuant to the Passport
System. For purposes of this Agreement, all references to any Canadian Preliminary Prospectus, the Canadian Final Prospectus, the Canadian
Supplemented Prospectus (as defined below), or any amendment or supplement to any of the foregoing shall be deemed to include the copy
filed with the Canadian Securities Commissions pursuant to the System for Electronic Document Analysis and Retrieval (“SEDAR”).
The Company will, promptly after the execution and delivery of this Agreement, prepare and file with the Canadian Securities Commissions,
in accordance with NI 44-103, a supplemented PREP prospectus setting forth the PREP Information (as defined below) (the “Canadian
Supplemented Prospectus”). The information included in the Canadian Supplemented Prospectus that is omitted from the Canadian Final
Prospectus and which is deemed under NI 44-103 to be incorporated by reference in the Canadian Final Prospectus as of the date of the
Canadian Supplemented Prospectus is referred to herein as the “PREP Information.” The U.S. Prospectus and the Canadian
Supplemented Prospectus are referred to collectively as the “Prospectus.”
(b) Effectiveness
of Registration. The Registration Statement, any Rule 462 Registration Statement and any post-effective amendment thereto have
been declared effective by the Commission under the Act or have become effective pursuant to Rule 462 of the Rules and Regulations.
The Company has responded to all requests, if any, of the Commission for additional or supplemental information. No stop order suspending
the effectiveness of the Registration Statement or any Rule 462 Registration Statement is in effect and no proceedings for such purpose
have been instituted or are pending or, to the knowledge of the Company, are threatened by the Commission.
(c) Accuracy
of Registration Statement. Each of the Registration Statement, any Rule 462 Registration Statement and any post-effective amendment
thereto, at the time it became effective and at all subsequent times, complied and will comply in all material respects with the Act and
the Rules and Regulations, and did not and will not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact
required to be stated therein or necessary in order to make the statements therein not misleading. The U.S. Prospectus, as amended or
supplemented, as of its date and at all subsequent times, complied and will comply in all material respects with the Act and the Rules and
Regulations, and did not or will not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make
the statements therein not misleading, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made. Each U.S. preliminary prospectus
(including the preliminary prospectus or prospectuses filed as part of the Registration Statement or any amendment thereto) complied when
so filed in all material respects with the Rules and Regulations, and each U.S. preliminary prospectus and the U.S. Prospectus delivered
or made available to the Underwriters for use in connection with this offering is identical to the electronically transmitted copies thereof
filed with the Commission on EDGAR, except to the extent permitted by Regulation S-T. The Canadian Final Prospectus when it was filed
was, and as amended and supplemented, if applicable, will when filed be, true and correct in all material respects and contain full, true
and plain disclosure of all material facts relating to the Company and its subsidiaries and the Shares as required by applicable securities
laws in each of the provinces and territories in Canada (other than Québec) emanating from governmental authorities, including
the respective rules and regulations made thereunder together with applicable published national and local instruments, policy statements,
notices, blanket rules and orders of the Canadian Securities Commissions, all discretionary rulings and orders applicable to the
Company, if any, of the Canadian Securities Commissions (the “Canadian Securities Laws”). The Canadian Preliminary
Prospectus and the Canadian Final Prospectus comply and, as amended or supplemented (including for greater certainty, by the Canadian
Supplemented Prospectus), if applicable, will comply, in all material respects with Canadian Securities Laws. As of the Applicable Time,
the Canadian Final Prospectus, other than excluding the PREP Information to be included in the Canadian Supplemented Prospectus, is true
and correct in all material respects and contains full, true and plain disclosure of all material facts relating to the Company and its
subsidiaries and the Shares as required by the Canadian Securities Laws. The Canadian Supplemented Prospectus, as of its date and as of
the Closing Date, will be true and correct in all material respects and contain full, true and plain disclosure of all material facts
relating to the Company and its subsidiaries and the Shares as required by Canadian Securities Laws. The foregoing representations and
warranties in this Section 3(c) do not apply to any statements or omissions made in reliance on and in conformity with information
relating to any Underwriter furnished in writing to the Company by the Representatives specifically for inclusion in the Registration
Statement or Prospectus or any amendment or supplement thereto. For all purposes of this Agreement, the amounts of the selling concession
and information regarding stabilization set forth in the Prospectus constitute the only information (the “Underwriters’
Information”) relating to any Underwriter furnished in writing to the Company by the Representatives specifically for inclusion
in the preliminary prospectus, the Registration Statement or the Prospectus.
(d) Company
Not Ineligible Issuer. (i) At the time of filing the Registration Statement relating to the Shares and (ii) as of the date
of the execution and delivery of this Agreement (with such date being used as the determination date for purposes of this clause (ii)),
the Company was not and is not an “ineligible issuer” (as defined in Rule 405 of the Rules and Regulations).
(e) Disclosure
at the Time of Sale. As of the Applicable Time (as defined below), neither (i) the Issuer General Use Free Writing Prospectus(es)
(as defined below) issued at or prior to the Applicable Time, the most recent preliminary prospectus related to this offering, and the
information included on Schedule IV hereto, all considered together (together with the Canadian Final Prospectus, the “Time
of Sale Prospectus”), nor (ii) any individual Issuer Limited Use Free Writing Prospectus (as defined below), when considered
together with the Time of Sale Prospectus, nor (iii) any Written Testing-the-Waters Communication, when considered together with
the Time of Sale Prospectus, included any untrue statement of a material fact or omitted to state any material fact necessary in order
to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading, and the respective items
set forth in clauses (i), (ii) and (iii), taken together as described in each such clause, contain full, true and plain disclosure
of all material facts relating to the Company and its subsidiaries and the Shares as required by Canadian Securities Laws. The preceding
sentence does not apply to statements in or omissions from the Time of Sale Prospectus based upon and in conformity with written information
furnished to the Company by any Underwriter through the Representatives specifically for use therein, it being understood and agreed that
the only such information furnished by or on behalf of any Underwriter consists of the Underwriters’ Information.
As used in this subsection
and elsewhere in this Agreement:
“Applicable Time”
means __:__ [a.m.][p.m.](New York City Time) on _____, 2022 or such other time as agreed by the Company and the Representatives.
“Issuer Free Writing
Prospectus” means any “issuer free writing prospectus,” as defined in Rule 433 of the Rules and Regulations,
relating to the Shares that (i) is required to be filed with the Commission by the Company, (ii) is a “written communication
that is a road show” within the meaning of Rule 433(d)(8)(i), whether or not required to be filed with the Commission or (iii) is
exempt from filing pursuant to Rule 433(d)(5)(i) because it contains a description of the Shares or of the offering that does
not reflect the final terms, in each case in the form filed or required to be filed with the Commission or, if not required to be filed,
in the form retained in the Company’s records pursuant to Rule 433(g); provided, however, that a Written Testing-the-Waters
Communication shall be deemed not to be an Issuer Free Writing Prospectus.
“Issuer General Use
Free Writing Prospectus” means any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus that is intended for general distribution to prospective investors,
as evidenced by its being specified in Schedule II hereto.
“Issuer Limited Use
Free Writing Prospectus” means any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus that is not an Issuer General Use Free Writing Prospectus.
(f) Issuer
Free Writing Prospectuses. Each Issuer Free Writing Prospectus, as of its issue date, does not include any information that conflicts
with the information contained in the Registration Statement. The foregoing sentence does not apply to statements in or omissions from
any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus based upon and in conformity with the Underwriters’ Information. If at any time following the
issuance of an Issuer Free Writing Prospectus there occurred or occurs an event or development as a result of which such Issuer Free Writing
Prospectus conflicted or would conflict with the information contained in the Registration Statement relating to the Shares or included
or would include an untrue statement of material fact or omitted or would omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the
statements therein, in light of the circumstances prevailing at that subsequent time, not misleading, the Company has promptly notified
or will promptly notify the Representatives and has promptly amended or will promptly amend or supplement, at its own expense, such Issuer
Free Writing Prospectus to eliminate or correct such conflict, untrue statement, or omission.
(g) Distribution
of Offering Material by the Company. The Company has not distributed and will not distribute, prior to the later of the Closing Date,
any Option Closing Date and the completion of the Underwriters’ distribution of the Shares, any offering material in connection
with the offering or sale of the Shares other than any Testing-the-Waters Communication made in compliance with Section 3(uu) hereof,
the Registration Statement, the U.S. preliminary prospectus, the Canadian Preliminary Prospectus, the Permitted Free Writing Prospectuses
reviewed and consented to by the Representatives and included in Schedule II hereto, and the Prospectus.
(h) Due
Incorporation; Subsidiaries.
(i) The Company is,
and at the Closing Date will be, a corporation duly organized, validly existing and in good standing under the laws of its jurisdiction
of incorporation. The Company has, and at the Closing Date will have, full power and authority to conduct all the activities conducted
by it, to own or lease all the assets owned or leased by it and to conduct its business as described in the Registration Statement, the
Time of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus. The Company is, and at the Closing Date will be, duly licensed or qualified to do business
in and in good standing as a foreign corporation in all jurisdictions in which the nature of the activities conducted by it or the character
of the assets owned or leased by it makes such licensing or qualification necessary, except to the extent that the failure to be so qualified
or be in good standing would not have a material adverse effect on the Company and its subsidiaries, taken as a whole.
(ii) Each material subsidiary
of the Company as listed in Schedule V hereto (each, a “Material Subsidiary”) has been duly incorporated or
organized, is validly existing as a corporation or other entity in good standing under the laws of the jurisdiction of its incorporation
or organization, has the corporate or other power and authority to own its property and to conduct its business as described in the Registration
Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus and Prospectus and is duly qualified to transact business and is in good standing in each jurisdiction
in which the conduct of its business or its ownership or leasing of property requires such qualification, except to the extent that the
failure to be so qualified or be in good standing would not have a material adverse effect on the Company and its subsidiaries, taken
as a whole; all of the issued share capital or other issued equity interests of each Material Subsidiary of the Company have been duly
and validly authorized and issued, are fully paid and non-assessable and are owned directly by the Company, free and clear of all liens,
charges, encumbrances, equities, security interests, restrictions on voting or transfer or any other claims, except for such restrictions
on transfer contained in shareholders agreements that would not have a material adverse effect on the Company and its subsidiaries taken
as a whole. Except as set forth in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus, no Material Subsidiary
is currently prohibited, directly or indirectly under any agreement or instrument to which it is a party or is subject, from paying any
dividends to its shareholders, from repaying the Company or any other subsidiary of the Company any loans or advances to such Material
Subsidiary from the Company or such other subsidiary or from transferring any of such Material Subsidiary’s properties or assets
to the Company or any other subsidiary. Schedule V is a complete and accurate list of all subsidiaries that are material to the
Company and its subsidiaries, taken as a whole, including, for the avoidance of doubt, all “significant subsidiaries” of the
Company as defined in Rule 1-02(w) of Regulation S-X under the Act.
(i) Capitalization.
The authorized, issued and outstanding capital stock of the Company is as set forth in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus
and the Prospectus under the caption “Capitalization.” The outstanding shares of Common Stock and any other outstanding capital
stock of the Company have been, and the Shares will be, duly authorized, validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable and, as of the
Closing Date, will not be subject to any preemptive, first refusal, or similar right. The description of the Common Stock included in
the Registration Statement at the effective date of the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus at the Applicable Time and
the Prospectus as of its date and at the Closing Date, is or will be, as applicable, complete and accurate in all material respects. Except
as set forth in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus, the Company does not have outstanding, and
at the Closing Date and any Option Closing Date will not have outstanding, any options to purchase, or any rights or warrants to subscribe
for, or any securities or obligations convertible into, or any contracts or commitments to issue or sell, any shares of capital stock
of the Company or any such warrants, convertible securities or obligations. Except as set forth in the Registration Statement, the Time
of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus, and except for such agreements as will terminate on or prior to the Closing Date and be of no further
force and effect thereafter, there are no stockholder agreements, voting agreements or other similar agreements, with respect to the Company’s
share capital to which the Company is a party or, to the Company’s knowledge, to or between or among any of the Company’s
shareholders. Upon the issuance and delivery pursuant to the terms of this Agreement, the Underwriters will acquire good and marketable
title to the Shares, free and clear of any lien, charge, claim, encumbrance, pledge, security interest, defect or other restriction or
equity of any kind whatsoever.
(j) Financial
Statements. The financial statements (including the related notes thereto) included in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale
Prospectus and the Prospectus present fairly the financial condition of the Company and its consolidated subsidiaries as of the respective
dates thereof and their results of operations and cash flows for the respective periods covered thereby, comply as to form in all material
respects with the applicable requirements of Regulation S-X under the Act (“Regulation S-X”) and Canadian Securities
Laws and have been prepared in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles applied in the United States on a consistent basis
throughout the entire period involved. The selected financial data included in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus
and the Prospectus present fairly the information shown therein and have been compiled on a basis consistent with that of the financial
statements included therein and the books and records of the Company and its subsidiaries. No other financial statements, schedules or
reconciliations of “non-GAAP financial measures” (as such term is defined by the rules and regulations of the Commission)
of the Company are required by the Act, the Rules and Regulations or Canadian Securities Laws to be included in the Registration
Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus.
(k) Independent
Accountants. Deloitte LLP (the “Accountants”), who certified the financial statements of the Company and its consolidated
subsidiaries included in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus, are (i) independent accountants
as required by the Act and the Rules and Regulations, by the rules of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United
States) (the “PCAOB”) and by Canadian Securities Laws, (ii) in compliance with the applicable requirements relating to
the qualification of accountants under Rule 2-01 of Regulation S-X and (iii) a registered public accounting firm as defined
by the PCAOB whose registration has not been suspended or revoked and who has not requested such registration to be withdrawn. There has
not been any reportable event (within the meaning of National Instrument 51-102 – Continuous Disclosure Obligations adopted by the
Canadian Securities Administrators (“NI 51-102”)) with such firm. There has not been any disagreement (within the meaning
of NI 51-102) with the Accountants with respect to audits of the Company.
(l) No
Material Adverse Changes. Since the respective dates as of which information is given in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus
and prior to the Closing Date and any Option Closing Date, except as set forth in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus
and the Prospectus, (i) there has not been a material adverse change, or any development that would be expected to result in a material
adverse change, in or affecting the business, properties, assets, management, business prospects, condition (financial or otherwise),
results of operations or capitalization of the Company and its subsidiaries, taken as a whole, arising for any reason whatsoever (a “Material
Adverse Change”), (ii) the Company has not incurred, nor will it incur, any material liabilities or obligations, direct
or contingent, nor has it entered into, nor will it enter into, any material transactions not in the ordinary course of business, other
than pursuant to this Agreement and the transactions referred to herein, (iii) the Company has not and will not have paid or declared
any dividends or other distributions of any kind on any class of its capital stock and (iv) the Company has not materially altered
its method of accounting.
(m) Investment
Company. The Company is not, and, after giving effect to the issuance and sale of the Shares and the use of the proceeds therefrom
as described in the Time of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus, will not be, an “investment company” or an “affiliated
person” of, or “promoter” or “principal underwriter” for, an “investment company,” as such terms
are defined in the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, and the rules and regulations of the Commission promulgated thereunder.
(n) Litigation.
Except as set forth in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus, there are no actions, suits or proceedings
pending, or to the Company’s knowledge, threatened against, the Company or any of its subsidiaries or any of their respective officers
in their capacity as such, before or by any foreign, federal or state court, commission, regulatory body, including the Financial Industry
Regulatory Authority, Inc. (“FINRA”), the Toronto Stock Exchange (the “TSX”) and the NYSE American
LLC (the “NYSE American”), administrative agency or other governmental body, domestic or foreign, wherein an unfavorable
ruling, decision or finding would reasonably be expected to (i) have a material adverse effect on the business, properties, assets,
management, business prospects, condition (financial or otherwise), results of operations or capitalization of the Company and its subsidiaries,
taken as a whole, or (ii) prevent or materially interfere with the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby or the performance
by the Company of its obligations hereunder (any such effect, prevention or interference, a “Material Adverse Effect”).
The Company has not received any notice of proceedings relating to the revocation or modification of any material authorization, approval,
order, license, certificate, franchise or permit. There are no pending investigations known to the Company involving the Company by any
governmental agency having jurisdiction over the Company or its business or operations.
(o) Compliance
with Laws and Regulations and Performance of Obligations and Contracts. The Company and its subsidiaries have, and at the Closing
Date and any Option Closing Date will have, (i) complied in all material respects with all laws, regulations and orders applicable
to it or its business and (ii) performed all obligations required to be performed by it, and is not, and at the Closing Date will
not be, in default under any indenture, mortgage, deed of trust, voting trust agreement, loan agreement, bond, debenture, note agreement,
lease, license, agreement pursuant to which the Company and its subsidiaries hold their property and assets (including any interest in,
or right to earn an interest in or acquire mineral production from any property) or other agreement or instrument (individually, a “Contract”
and collectively, “Contracts”) to which it is a party or by which its property is bound, in any such case which non-performance,
default or event, individually or in the aggregate, would reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect. To the knowledge
of the Company, no other party under any Contract to which it is a party is in default in any respect thereunder or has given written
or oral notice to the Company of such other party’s intention to terminate, cancel or refuse to renew any Contract. The Company
is not now, and at the Closing Date will not be, in violation of any provision of its certificate of incorporation or by-laws. The disclosures
included in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus concerning the effects of federal, state, local
and foreign laws, rules and regulations on the business of the Company as currently conducted and as proposed to be conducted, to
the extent such disclosures summarize such rules and regulations, are accurate in all material respects.
(p) No
Consent of Governmental Body Needed. No consent, approval, authorization, license, registration, qualification or order of, or any
filing or declaration with, any court or arbitrator or governmental or regulatory authority, agency or body is required in connection
with the authorization, issuance, transfer, sale or delivery of the Shares by the Company, in connection with the execution, delivery
and performance of this Agreement by the Company or in connection with the taking by the Company of any action contemplated hereby, except
(i) as have been obtained under the Act, the filing of the U.S. Prospectus with the Commission and such as may be required under
state securities or Blue Sky laws or the by-laws and rules of FINRA and the NYSE American in connection with the purchase and distribution
by the Underwriters of the Shares to be sold by the Company or (ii) filing of the Canadian Supplemented Prospectus not yet filed
on the date hereof, following its execution, with the applicable Canadian Securities Commissions.
(q) Agreement
Duly Authorized. The Company has full corporate power and authority to enter into this Agreement. This Agreement has been duly authorized,
executed and delivered by the Company.
(r) No
Conflicts. The execution and delivery by the Company of this Agreement and the performance of this Agreement, the consummation of
the transactions contemplated hereby, and the application of the net proceeds from the offering and sale of the Shares to be sold in the
manner set forth in the Time of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus under “Use of Proceeds” do not and will not (i) violate
the certificate of incorporation or by-laws of the Company or (ii) result in the creation or imposition of any lien, charge or encumbrance
upon any of the assets of the Company or any Material Subsidiary pursuant to the terms or provisions of, or result in a breach or violation
of any of the terms or provisions of, or constitute a default under, or give any other party a right to terminate any of its obligations
under, or result in the acceleration of any obligation under any Contract to which the Company or any of its Material Subsidiaries is
a party or by which the Company or any of its Material Subsidiaries or any of its properties is bound, or violate or conflict with any
judgment, ruling, decree, order, law, statute, rule or regulation of any court or other governmental agency or body applicable to
the business or properties of the Company or any of its Material Subsidiaries, except, in the case of clause (ii), as would not reasonably
be expected, individually or in the aggregate, to have a Material Adverse Effect.
(s) Title
to Real and Personal Property. Except for those real properties and real property interests addressed in Section 3(nn), the Company
and its subsidiaries have good and marketable title to all real and personal property described in the Registration Statement, the Time
of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus as being owned respectively by them, in each case, free and clear of all liens, charges, encumbrances
or restrictions, except as set forth in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus, or as are not, individually
or in the aggregate, material to the business of the Company. The Company and its subsidiaries have valid, subsisting and enforceable
leases for any real or personal property leased by them as described in the Time of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus, with such exceptions
as do not materially interfere with the use made and proposed to be made of such real or personal property by the Company and its subsidiaries.
(t) No
Material Acquisitions or Dispositions. Except as disclosed in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus,
neither the Company nor its subsidiaries has approved, has entered into, or has any knowledge of any binding agreement in respect of (X) the
purchase of any material property or assets or any interest therein or the sale, transfer or other disposition of any material property
or assets or any interest therein currently owned, directly or indirectly, by the Company or its subsidiaries, whether by asset sale,
transfer of shares or otherwise, (Y) the change of control (by sale or transfer of shares or sale of all or substantially all of
the property and assets of the Company or its subsidiaries or otherwise) of the Company or its subsidiaries, or (Z) a proposed or
planned disposition of shares by any stockholder who owns, directly or indirectly, 10% or more of the outstanding shares of the Company
or its subsidiaries.
(u) Material
Interests and Third Party Properties. Except as disclosed in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus,
the Company does not have any information or knowledge of any fact relating to its interests in any mining or development projects or
properties (the “Mineral Interests”), which would, singly or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to result in
a Material Adverse Effect. Except as disclosed in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus, the Company
does not have any knowledge that (A) any owner or operator (an “Operator”) of a property which is subject to a
Mineral Interest (a “Material Third Party Property”) does not hold all requisite licenses, registrations, qualifications,
permits and consents necessary or appropriate for carrying on its respective business as currently carried on with respect to the Material
Third Party Property and that such licenses, registrations, qualifications, permits and consents are invalid and are not subsisting and
in good standing in accordance with applicable laws; and (B) any Operator has received any notice of proceedings relating to the
revocation or adverse modification of any material mining license, registration, qualification or permit, or that any Operator has received
notice of the revocation or cancellation of, or any intention to revoke or cancel, any mining rights, exploration or prospecting rights,
concessions or licenses with respect to any Material Third Party Property.
(v) Documents
Described in Registration Statement. There is no document or Contract of a character required to be described in the Registration
Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus or to be filed as an exhibit to the Registration Statement that is not described
or filed as required. All such documents and Contracts described in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus
or filed as an exhibit to the Registration Statement were duly authorized, executed and delivered by the Company, constitute valid and
binding agreements of the Company and are enforceable against the Company in accordance with the terms thereof.
(w) No
Untrue Statement; Statistical and Market Data. No statement, representation, warranty or covenant made by the Company in this Agreement
or made in any certificate or document required by this Agreement to be delivered to Representatives was or will be, when made, inaccurate,
untrue or incorrect in any material respect. All statistical or market-related data included in the Registration Statement, the Time of
Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus are based on or derived from sources that the Company believes to be reliable and accurate in all material
respects, and the Company or the Representatives have obtained the written consent to the use of such data from such sources to the extent
required.
(x) No
Price Stabilization or Manipulation. Neither the Company nor any of its directors, officers or controlling persons has taken, directly
or indirectly, any action intended to cause or result in, or which might reasonably be expected to cause or result in, or which has constituted,
stabilization or manipulation, under the Act or otherwise, of the price of any security of the Company to facilitate the sale or resale
of the Shares.
(y) No
Registration Rights. Except as disclosed in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus, no holder
of securities of the Company has rights to register any securities of the Company because of the filing of the Registration Statement,
the Time of Sale Prospectus, the Prospectus or the offering of the Shares, except for rights that have been duly waived by such holder,
have expired or will expire as a result of the offering of the Shares.
(z) Stock
Exchange Listing. The Shares have been approved for listing on the NYSE American, subject only to official notice of issuance. The
Shares have been conditionally approved for listing and posting for trading on the TSX, subject only to the satisfaction by the Company
of customary conditions imposed by the TSX in similar circumstances.
(aa) Labor
Matters. Neither the Company nor any of its Material Subsidiaries is involved in any labor dispute except where the dispute would
not, individually or in the aggregate, have a Material Adverse Effect, nor, to the knowledge of the Company, is any such dispute threatened.
(bb) No
Unlawful Payments. Neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries, nor any director or officer of the Company or its subsidiaries,
nor, to the knowledge of the Company, any agent or employee of the Company or its subsidiaries, affiliate or other person acting on behalf
of the Company or its subsidiaries, has (i) used any corporate funds for any unlawful contribution, gift, entertainment or other
unlawful expense relating to political activity; (ii) made or taken an act in furtherance of an offer, promise or authorization of
any direct or indirect unlawful payment of corporate funds or benefit to any foreign or domestic government or regulatory official or
employee, including, without limitation, of any government-owned or controlled entity or of a public international organization, or any
person acting in an official capacity for or on behalf of any of the foregoing, or any political party or party official or candidate
for political office; (iii) violated or is in violation of any provision of the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977, as amended,
the Corruption of Foreign Public Officials Act (Canada), the U.K. Bribery Act 2010, or any applicable law or regulation implementing the
OECD Convention on Combating Bribery of Foreign Public Officials in International Business Transactions, or committed an offense under
any other applicable anti-bribery or anti-corruption laws; or (iv) made, offered, agreed, requested or taken an act in furtherance
of any unlawful bribe or other unlawful benefit, including, without limitation, any rebate, payoff, influence payment, kickback or other
unlawful or improper payment or benefit. The Company has instituted, maintained and enforced, and will continue to maintain and enforce,
policies and procedures designed to promote and ensure compliance with all applicable anti-bribery and anti-corruption laws.
(cc) Compliance
with Anti-Money Laundering Laws. The operations of the Company and its subsidiaries are and have been conducted at all times in compliance
with all applicable financial recordkeeping and reporting requirements, including those of the Currency and Foreign Transactions Reporting
Act of 1970, as amended, those of the Bank Secrecy Act, as amended by Title III of the Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing
Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act of 2001 (USA PATRIOT Act), and the applicable anti-money laundering
statutes of all jurisdictions in which the Company and its subsidiaries conduct business, the rules and regulations thereunder and
any related or similar rules, regulations or guidelines, issued, administered or enforced by any governmental or regulatory agency (collectively,
the “Anti-Money Laundering Laws”), and no action, suit or proceeding by or before any court or governmental agency,
authority or body or any arbitrator involving the Company or its subsidiaries with respect to the Anti-Money Laundering Laws is pending
or, to the knowledge of the Company, threatened.
(dd) No
Conflicts with Sanctions Laws. Neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries, nor any director or officer of the Company or its
subsidiaries, nor, to the knowledge of the Company, any agent, employee or representative of the Company or its subsidiaries, affiliate
or other person acting on behalf of the Company or its subsidiaries is currently the subject or target of any sanctions administered or
enforced by the U.S. government (including, without limitation, the Office of Foreign Assets Control of the U.S. Treasury Department or
the U.S. Department of State and including, without limitation, the designation as a “specially designated national” or “blocked
person”), the United Nations Security Council, the European Union, Her Majesty’s Treasury or other relevant sanctions authority
(collectively, “Sanctions”), nor is the Company or any of its subsidiaries located, organized or resident in a country
or territory that is the subject or the target of Sanctions, including, without limitation, the Crimea Region of Ukraine, the so-called
Donetsk People’s Republic, the so-called Luhansk People’s Republic, Cuba, Iran, North Korea and Syria (each, a “Sanctioned
Country”); and the Company will not directly or indirectly use the proceeds of the offering of the Shares hereunder, or lend,
contribute or otherwise make available such proceeds to any subsidiary, joint venture partner or other person or entity (i) to fund
or facilitate any activities of or business with any person that, at the time of such funding or facilitation, is the subject or the target
of Sanctions, (ii) to fund or facilitate any activities of or business in any Sanctioned Country or (iii) in any other manner
that will result in a violation by any person (including any person participating in the transaction, whether as underwriter, advisor,
investor or otherwise) of Sanctions. Since the date of its initial incorporation, the Company and its subsidiaries have not knowingly
engaged in, are not now knowingly engaged in, and will not engage in, any dealings or transactions with any person that at the time of
the dealing or transaction is or was the subject or the target of Sanctions or with any Sanctioned Country.
(ee) Taxes.
The Company and its Material Subsidiaries have filed, or otherwise obtained extensions in respect of the filing of, all federal, state
and foreign income and franchise tax returns and have paid all taxes required to be filed or paid by them with the United States Internal
Revenue Services, the Canada Revenue Agency or any other federal, state, provincial, local or foreign entity responsible for the imposition,
collection or administration of taxes in any jurisdiction and, if due and payable, any related or similar assessment, fine or penalty
levied against them. The Company has made adequate charges, accruals and reserves in the applicable financial statements referred to in
Section 3(j) hereof in respect of all material federal, state and foreign income and franchise taxes for all periods as to which
the tax liability of the Company has not been finally determined. The Company and its Material Subsidiaries are not aware of any material
claims against them by any taxing authority in relation to the filing of tax returns or the payment of required taxes.
(ff) Insurance.
The Company and its Material Subsidiaries carry, or are covered by, insurance in such amounts and covering such risks as the Company believes
are adequate for the conduct of their business and the value of their properties and is customary for companies engaged in similar industries,
and all such insurance is in full force and effect. The Company has no reason to believe that it and its Material Subsidiaries will not
be able to (i) renew their existing insurance coverage as and when such policies expire or (ii) obtain comparable coverage from
similar institutions as may be necessary to conduct their business as currently conducted. Neither the Company nor any of its Material
Subsidiaries has been denied any insurance coverage which it has sought or for which it has applied.
(gg) Benefit
Plans. The Company has not maintained or contributed to a defined benefit plan as defined in Section 3(35) of the Employee Retirement
Income Security Act of 1974, as amended (“ERISA”). No plan maintained or contributed to by the Company that is subject
to ERISA (an “ERISA Plan”) (or any trust created thereunder) has engaged in a “prohibited transaction”
within the meaning of Section 406 of ERISA or Section 4975 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”)
that could subject the Company to any material tax penalty on prohibited transactions and that has not adequately been corrected. Each
ERISA Plan is in compliance in all material respects with all reporting, disclosure and other requirements of the Code and ERISA as they
relate to such ERISA Plan, except for any noncompliance which would not result in the imposition of a material tax or monetary penalty.
With respect to each ERISA Plan that is intended to be “qualified” within the meaning of Section 401(a) of the Code,
either (i) a determination letter has been issued by the Internal Revenue Service stating that such ERISA Plan and the attendant
trust are qualified thereunder, or (ii) the remedial amendment period under Section 401(b) of the Code with respect to
the establishment of such ERISA Plan has not ended and a determination letter application will be filed with respect to such ERISA Plan
prior to the end of such remedial amendment period. The Company has never completely or partially withdrawn from a “multiemployer
plan,” as defined in Section 3(37) of ERISA.
(hh) Title
to Intellectual Property. Except as set forth in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus, the Company
and its subsidiaries own, have valid and enforceable licenses for, or otherwise have adequate rights to use all technology (including
but not limited to patented, patentable and unpatented inventions and unpatentable proprietary or confidential information, systems or
procedures), designs, processes, licenses, patents, trademarks, service marks, trade secrets, trade names, know how, copyrights and other
works of authorship, computer programs, technical data and information and all similar intellectual property or proprietary rights (including
all registrations and applications for registration of, and all goodwill associated with, any of the foregoing, as applicable) (collectively,
“Intellectual Property”) that are material to their business as currently conducted or as proposed to be conducted
or to the development, manufacture, operation and sale of any products and services sold or currently proposed to be sold by any of the
Company or its subsidiaries, except where the failure to own, license or otherwise have rights to such Intellectual Property would not,
individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect. The Intellectual Property of the Company and
its subsidiaries has not been adjudged by a court or other administrative body of competent jurisdiction to be invalid or unenforceable
in whole or in part. Except as disclosed in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus, (i) to the
knowledge of the Company, there are no third parties who have established or are able to establish, rights to any Intellectual Property
owned by, or licensed to, the Company or its subsidiaries, except for, and to the extent of, the ownership rights of the owners of the
Intellectual Property which the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus disclose is licensed to the Company;
(ii) to the knowledge of the Company, there is no infringement, misappropriation or other violation by third parties of any Intellectual
Property owned by, or licensed to, the Company or its subsidiaries; (iii) there is no pending or, to the knowledge of the Company,
threatened action, suit, proceeding or claim by others challenging the Company’s or any of its subsidiaries’ rights in or
to any Intellectual Property owned by, or licensed to, the Company or its subsidiaries; (iv) there is no pending or, to the knowledge
of the Company, threatened action, suit, proceeding or claim by others challenging the validity, enforceability or scope of any Intellectual
Property owned by, or licensed to, the Company and its subsidiaries; (v) there is no pending or, to the knowledge of the Company,
threatened action, suit, proceeding or claim by others that (nor has the Company or any of its subsidiaries received any written claim
from a third party that) the Company or its subsidiaries infringe, misappropriate or otherwise violate, or would, upon the commercialization
of any product or service described in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus or the Prospectus as under development,
infringe, misappropriate or otherwise violate, any Intellectual Property rights of others; (vi) the Company and its subsidiaries
have complied in all material respects with and there has been no material breach or default under the terms of each agreement pursuant
to which Intellectual Property has been licensed to the Company and its subsidiaries, and all such agreements which are material to the
Company’s business are in full force and effect; and (vii) there is no patent or patent application that contains claims that
interfere with the issued or pending claims of any of the Intellectual Property owned by or licensed to the Company or its subsidiaries
or that challenges the validity, enforceability or scope of any such Intellectual Property; except, in each case of (ii) through
(vii), as would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect. Except as set forth in
the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus, the Company and its subsidiaries are not obligated or under
any liability whatsoever to make any material payment by way of royalties, fees or otherwise to any owner or licensor of, or other claimant
to, any Intellectual Property, with respect to the use thereof or in connection with the conduct of their respective businesses or otherwise.
(ii) Trademarks.
The Company and its subsidiaries own, or otherwise have the full right to use, all material trademarks and trade names that are used in
or reasonably necessary for the conduct of their business as described in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus and
the Prospectus. The Company has not received any notice of infringement of or conflict with asserted rights of others with respect to
any such material trademarks or trade names, or challenging or questioning the validity or effectiveness of any such material trademark
or trade name. To the Company’s knowledge, the use of such material trademarks and trade names in connection with the business and
operations of the Company and its subsidiaries does not infringe on the rights of any person. The Company and its subsidiaries are not
obligated or under any liability whatsoever to make any payment by way of royalties, fees or otherwise to any owner or licensee of, or
other claimant to, any material trademark, service marks or trade name with respect to the use thereof or in connection with the conduct
of their business or otherwise.
(jj) Protection
of Intellectual Property. The Company and its subsidiaries have taken reasonable security measures to protect the secrecy, confidentiality
and value of all their Intellectual Property in all material respects.
(kk) Related
Party Transactions. There are no business relationships or related party transactions involving the Company or any other person required
to be described in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus that have not been described. Without limiting
the generality of the immediately preceding sentence, no relationship, direct or indirect, exists between or among the Company on the
one hand, and the directors, officers or stockholders holding 5% or more of the Company’s outstanding stock on the other hand, that
is required to be described in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus and that is not so described.
Since inception, the Company has not, directly or indirectly, extended or maintained credit, arranged to extend credit, or renewed any
extension of credit, in the form of a personal loan, to or for any director or executive officer of the Company, or to or for any family
member or affiliate of any director or executive officer of the Company in violation of applicable laws, including Section 13(k) of
the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”).
(ll) Environmental
Matters.
(a) Except as disclosed
in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus (i) each of the Company and its subsidiaries is and
has been in compliance with, and is not subject to any pending, or to the knowledge of the Company, threatened, costs or liability under,
any and all federal, state, local and non-U.S. statutes, laws, rules, regulations, ordinances, codes, other requirements or rules of
law (including common law) and judicial or administrative decisions or orders, relating to pollution, the generation, use, handling, transportation,
treatment, storage, discharge, disposal or release of hazardous substances, the protection or restoration of the environment, human health
and safety, noise or the protection of natural resources, including wildlife, migratory birds, eagles or endangered or threatened species
or habitats (collectively, “Environmental Laws”), (ii) neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries owns, occupies,
operates, leases or uses any real property contaminated with Hazardous Substances, (iii) neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries
is conducting or funding any investigation, remediation, remedial action or monitoring of actual or suspected Hazardous Substances in
the environment, (iv) neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries is liable or allegedly liable for any release or threatened
release of Hazardous Substances, including at any off-site treatment, storage or disposal site, (v) neither the Company nor any of
its subsidiaries, nor to the knowledge of the Company, any principal supplier, manufacturer or contractor of the Company or any of its
subsidiaries, is subject to any claim, action, suit, order, demand or notice by any governmental agency or governmental body or person
relating to Environmental Laws or Hazardous Substances, (vi) the Company and its subsidiaries have received and are in compliance
with all, and have no liability under any, permits, licenses, authorizations, identification numbers or other approvals required under
applicable Environmental Laws to conduct their respective businesses, except in each case covered by clauses (i) – (vi) such
as would not individually or in the aggregate reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect; (b) there are no proceedings
that are pending, or to the knowledge of the Company threatened, against the Company or any of its subsidiaries pursuant to any Environmental
Laws by a governmental authority, other than such proceedings for which it is reasonably believed no monetary sanctions of $100,000 or
more will be imposed; and (c) there are no costs or expenditures (including capital expenditures) under or pursuant to Environmental
Laws that would reasonably be expected to have a material effect on the capital expenditures, earnings or competitive position of the
Company and its subsidiaries. For purposes of this subsection, “Hazardous Substances” means (A) petroleum and
petroleum products, by-products or breakdown products, radioactive materials, asbestos-containing materials, polychlorinated biphenyls
and mold, and (B) any other chemical, material or substance defined as toxic or hazardous or as a pollutant, contaminant or waste
or words of similar import, or regulated or that can form the basis for liability, under Environmental Laws.
(mm) Technical
Information. All technical information set forth in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus, the Prospectus and the
Permitted Free Writing Prospectuses, if any, has been reviewed by the Company or independent consultants to the Company and all such information
has been prepared in accordance with National Instrument 43-101 — Standards for Disclosure for Mineral Projects (“NI 43-101”)
by or under the supervision of a qualified person as defined therein and, in the case of the Registration Statement, the U.S. preliminary
prospectus and the U.S. Prospectus, in accordance with Items 1300 — 1305 of Regulation S-K under the Exchange Act; the methods used
in estimating the Company’s mineral resources are in accordance with accepted mineral resource estimation practices and the assumptions
underlying such resource estimates are reasonable and appropriate; the Company has duly filed with the Canadian Securities Commissions
or the Commission, as the case may be, all technical reports required by NI 43-101 or Item 1302 of Regulation S-K of the Exchange Act,
as applicable, and all such reports complied at the time thereof in all material respects with the requirements thereof;
(nn) Interests
in Mineral Properties. (i) With respect to any interests in patented mining claims or private lands, in each case in the United
States, owned by the Company or its subsidiaries or in which they hold a contractual interest (including through any option agreement
or earn-in agreement) (“Patented Claims”), except as set forth in the Registration Statement (excluding the exhibits
thereto), the Time of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus, the Company or its subsidiaries owns or controls the minerals within or extralateral
rights derived from, and owns or controls or has other enforceable legal rights to use the surface of, those Patented Claims as is reasonably
sufficient to allow the Company to conduct its business as presently conducted or the exploration activities proposed to be conducted
by the Company as described in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus, except as would not reasonably
be expected, individually or in the aggregate, to have a Material Adverse Effect, and (ii) all interests in unpatented mining claims,
concessions, mining leases, leases of occupation, exploitation or extraction rights, participating interests or other property interests
or rights or similar rights in the United States (together with the Patented Claims, “U.S. Mining Claims”) that are
held by the Company or any of its subsidiaries are in good standing, are valid and enforceable (provided, however, that with respect to
each of the unpatented mining claims owned or leased by the Company or any of its subsidiaries (the “Claims”), the
Company represents and warrants only that (A) subject to the paramount title of the United States and the rights of third parties
to use of the surface, the Company or its subsidiaries hold the possessory interest therein; (B) to the Company’s knowledge
the Claims were properly laid out and monumented on available public domain land open to location by mineral location; (C) to the
Company’s knowledge location notices or certificates were timely and properly recorded and filed with the appropriate governmental
agencies, and all payments required in connection therewith were timely and properly made; (D) all claim maintenance and related
fees have been timely paid as required by law in order to hold the Claims; and (E) all affidavits of assessment of work (from and
after October 21, 1979), notices of intent to hold, evidence of payment of claim maintenance fees, and other filings required to
maintain the Claims in good standing have been timely and properly recorded or filed with the appropriate governmental agencies, and such
U.S. Mining Claims are free and clear of any material liens or charges, and no material royalty is payable in respect of any of them,
except, in each instance, as disclosed in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus), or as would not,
individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect; there are no expropriations or similar proceedings
or any material challenges to title or ownership, actual or threatened, of which the Company or its subsidiaries has received notice against
the U.S. Mining Claims or any part thereof; except as disclosed in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus,
no other mineral title, surface or other rights are necessary for the conduct of the Company’s business as presently conducted or
the exploration activities proposed to be conducted by the Company as described in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus
and the Prospectus (and subject to the limitations described therein) or the lack of which rights would not, individually or in the aggregate,
reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect, and there are no material restrictions on the ability of the Company and its
subsidiaries to use or otherwise exploit any such property rights; except as disclosed in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale
Prospectus and the Prospectus, or as would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect,
the Company or its subsidiaries hold or have a contractual right to acquire all U.S. Mining Claims required by the Company and its subsidiaries
to exploit the development potential of the properties of the Company and its subsidiaries for the purposes described in the Registration
Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus. The Company or its subsidiaries are the holders of all of their respective
mineral interests (including mining, exploration or prospecting rights, concessions or licenses, fee interests, or similar interests as
applicable in the applicable jurisdiction) located outside of the United States (the “International Mining Claims”),
under valid and subsisting title documents, or other recognized and enforceable agreements or instruments, each as described in the Registration
Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus as being held respectively by them, free and clear of any encumbrances, liens,
charges or restrictions, and no material royalty is payable in respect of any such claims, in each case except as set forth in the Registration
Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus and those that would not reasonably be expected to interfere with the exploration of the property
or mineral project that is the subject of the International Mining Claims. The Company or its subsidiaries have complied in all material
respects with the applicable requirements of the jurisdictions in which the International Mining Claims are located in respect of such
claims, including obtaining such licenses and permits, paying such fees and taking such steps as are required to establish and maintain
its interest in such claims under applicable rules and regulations, in each case except as would not, individually or in the aggregate,
reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.
(oo) Controls
and Procedures.
(i) Disclosure Controls
and Procedures. The Company has established and maintains disclosure controls and procedures (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15
and 15d-15 under the Exchange Act) that (A) are designed to ensure that material information relating to the Company and its subsidiaries
is made known to the Company’s principal executive officer and its principal financial officer by others within those entities;
(B) provide for the periodic evaluation of the effectiveness of such disclosure controls and procedures on a quarterly basis; and
(C) are effective in all material respects to perform the functions for which they were established.
(ii) Internal Control
Over Financial Reporting and Internal Accounting Controls. The Company maintains (i) effective “internal control over financial
reporting” as defined in, and in compliance with, Rules 13a-15 and 15d-15 under the Exchange Act, and (ii) a system of
internal accounting controls sufficient to provide reasonable assurance that (A) transactions are executed in accordance with management’s
general or specific authorizations; (B) transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in conformity
with generally accepted accounting principles and to maintain asset accountability; (C) access to assets is permitted only in accordance
with management’s general or specific authorization; and (D) the recorded accountability for assets is compared with the existing
assets at reasonable intervals and appropriate action is taken with respect to any differences.
(iii) No Material
Weakness in Internal Controls. Since the end of the Company’s most recent audited fiscal year, there has been (A) no material
weakness (as defined in Rule 1-02 of Regulation S-X) in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting (whether or
not remediated) and (B) no change in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting that has materially affected,
or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. The Company is not aware
of (x) any significant deficiency in the design or operation of its internal control over financial reporting which is reasonably
likely to adversely affect the Company’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial data or any material weaknesses
in its internal controls since the end of the Company’s most recent audited fiscal year; or (y) any fraud, whether or not material,
that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the Company’s internal controls.
(pp) Off-Balance
Sheet Transactions. Except as described in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus, there are no
off-balance sheet transactions (including, without limitation, transactions related to, and the existence of, “variable interest
entities” within the meaning of Financial Accounting Standards Board Accounting Standards Codification Topic 810), arrangements,
obligations (including contingent obligations), or any other relationships with unconsolidated entities or other persons, that may have
a material current or future effect on the Company’s financial condition, changes in financial condition, results of operations,
liquidity, capital expenditures, capital resources, or significant components of revenues or expenses.
(qq) Sarbanes-Oxley.
The Company is, and after giving effect to the offering and sale of the Shares will be, in compliance in all material respects with all
applicable provisions of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and the rules and regulations of the Commission promulgated thereunder that
are applicable to the Company as an “emerging growth company” as defined in Section 2(a)(19) of the Act (an “Emerging
Growth Company”) and a “smaller reporting company”.
(rr) Accurate
Disclosure. The statements included in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus under the captions
“Certain U.S. Federal Income Tax and Estate Tax Consequences to Non-U.S. Holders,” “Canadian Federal Income Tax Consequences
for Canadian Holders,” “Description of Capital Stock,” “Shares Eligible for Future Sale,” and “Underwriting,”
and the statements in the Registration Statement under Items 14 and 15 thereof, insofar as such statements contain descriptions of the
terms of statutes, rules, regulations or legal or governmental proceedings, or contracts or other documents, are fair and accurate in
all material respects.
(ss) Licenses
and Permits. Except as would not, individually or in the aggregate, have a Material Adverse Effect, (i) the Company and its Material
Subsidiaries hold, and are operating in compliance with, such permits, licenses, franchises, registrations, exemptions, approvals, authorizations
and clearances of any governmental authorities required for the conduct of their business as currently conducted (collectively, the “Permits”),
and all such Permits are in full force and effect; and (ii) the Company and its Material Subsidiaries have fulfilled and performed
all of their obligations with respect to the Permits, and, to the Company’s knowledge, no event has occurred which allows, or after
notice or lapse of time would allow, revocation or termination thereof or results in any other impairment of the rights of the holder
of any Permit. The Company and its subsidiaries have not received any notification, correspondence or any other written or oral communication,
including notification of any pending or, to the Company’s knowledge, threatened claim, suit, proceeding, hearing, enforcement,
investigation, arbitration or other action from any governmental authority of potential or actual material non-compliance by, or material
liability of, the Company or a Material Subsidiary under any Permits. To the Company’s knowledge, there are no facts or circumstances
that would reasonably be expected to give rise to any material liability of the Company or a Material Subsidiary under any Permits.
(tt) Emerging
Growth Company Status. From the time of initial confidential submission of the Registration Statement to the Commission (or, if earlier,
the first date on which the Company engaged directly or through any Person authorized to act on its behalf in any Testing-the-Waters Communication)
through the date hereof, the Company has been and is an Emerging Growth Company.
(uu) Testing-the-Waters
Communications. The Company (i) has not engaged in any Testing-the-Waters Communication other than Testing-the-Waters Communications
with the consent of the Representatives with entities that are qualified institutional buyers within the meaning of Rule 144A under
the Act or institutions that are accredited investors within the meaning of Rule 501 under the Act or, if the Testing-the-Waters
Communications were made in Canada, individuals and entities that have been identified by the Underwriters as being, or that otherwise
to the knowledge of the Company are, accredited investors within the meaning of NI 41-101 and (ii) has not authorized anyone other
than the Representatives to engage in Testing-the-Waters Communications. The Company reconfirms that the Representatives have been authorized
to act on its behalf in undertaking Testing-the-Waters Communications and has not engaged in any Testing-the-Waters Communications in
Canada in the 15 days prior to the date of the Canadian Preliminary Prospectus. The Company has not distributed or approved for distribution
any Written Testing-the-Waters Communications other than those listed on Schedule III hereto. Each Written Testing-the-Waters Communication
listed on Schedule III hereto did not, as of the Applicable Time, and at all times through the completion of the public offer and
sale of the Shares will not, include any information that conflicted, conflicts or will conflict with the information contained in the
Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus or the Prospectus.
(vv) Confidential
Submission of Registration Statement. The Company has filed publicly on EDGAR at least 15 calendar days prior to any “road show”
(as defined in Rule 433 under the Act), any confidentially submitted registration statement and registration statement amendments
relating to the offer and sale of the Shares.
(ww) No
Rating. Neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries has debt securities or preferred stock that is rated by any “nationally
recognized statistical rating organization” (as such term is defined in Section 3(a)(62) of the Exchange Act).
(xx) No
Broker’s Fees. The Company is not a party to any contract, agreement or understanding with any person (other than this Agreement)
that would give rise to a valid claim against the Company or any Underwriter for a brokerage commission, finder’s fee or like payment
in connection with the offering and sale of the Shares.
(yy) Canadian
Securities Commissions. None of the Canadian Securities Commissions, nor comparable Canadian authority, has issued any order: (i) requiring
trading in any of the Company’s securities to cease, (ii) preventing or suspending the use of the Time of Sale Prospectus and
the Prospectus, or (iii) preventing the distribution of the Shares in any province or territory of Canada. The Company has not been
informed that any such proceedings have been instituted for that purpose and, to the knowledge of the Company, no such proceedings are
pending or contemplated.
(zz) Insolvency.
No event of insolvency has occurred in relation to the Company or its subsidiaries, nor is there, nor will there be at the Closing Date,
any act which has occurred or, to the best of the Company’s knowledge, is anticipated to occur which is likely to result in an event
of insolvency in relation to the Company or its subsidiaries.
(aaa) Cybersecurity.
(i)(x) Except as disclosed in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus, to the Company’s
knowledge, there has been no security breach or other compromise of or relating to any of the Company’s information technology and
computer systems, networks, hardware, software, data (including the data of its respective customers, employees, suppliers, vendors and
any third party data maintained by or on behalf of it), equipment or technology (collectively, “IT Systems and Data”)
and (y) the Company has not been notified of, and has no knowledge of any event or condition that would reasonably be expected to
result in, any security breach or other compromise to its IT Systems and Data, except as would not, in the case of this clause (i), individually
or in the aggregate, have a Material Adverse Effect; (ii) the Company is presently in compliance with all applicable laws or statutes
and all judgments, orders, rules and regulations of any court or arbitrator or governmental or regulatory authority, internal policies
and contractual obligations relating to the privacy and security of IT Systems and Data and to the protection of such IT Systems and Data
from unauthorized use, access, misappropriation or modification, except as would not, in the case of this clause (ii), individually or
in the aggregate, have a Material Adverse Effect; (iii) the Company has implemented and maintained commercially reasonable safeguards
to maintain and protect its material confidential information and the integrity, continuous operation, redundancy and security of all
IT Systems and Data; and (iv) the Company has implemented commercially reasonable backup and disaster recovery technology consistent
with industry standards and practices.
4. Agreements
of the Company. The Company agrees with each Underwriter as follows:
(a) Amendments
and Supplements to Registration Statement. The Company shall not, either prior to any effective date of the Registration Statement
or thereafter during such period as the Prospectus is required under the Act to be delivered (whether physically or through compliance
with Rule 172 of the Rules and Regulations or any similar rule) (the “Prospectus Delivery Period”) in connection
with sales of the Shares by an Underwriter or dealer, amend or supplement the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus, the
Prospectus or any Written Testing-the-Waters Communications, unless a copy of such amendment or supplement thereof shall first have been
submitted to the Representatives within a reasonable period of time prior to the filing or, if no filing is required, the use thereof
and the Representatives shall not have objected thereto in good faith.
(b) Amendments
and Supplements to the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus, and the Prospectus and Other Securities Act Matters. If,
during the Prospectus Delivery Period, any event or development shall occur or condition exist as a result of which the Time of Sale Prospectus,
the Prospectus or any Written Testing-the-Waters Communication as then amended or supplemented would include any untrue statement of a
material fact or omit to state any material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances
then prevailing or under which they were made, as the case may be, not misleading, or if it shall be necessary to amend or supplement
the Time of Sale Prospectus, the Prospectus or any Written Testing-the-Waters Communication in order to make the statements therein, in
the light of the circumstances then prevailing or under which they were made, as the case may be, not misleading, or if in the opinion
of the Representatives it is otherwise necessary to amend or supplement the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus, the Prospectus
or any Written Testing-the-Waters Communication, or to file a new registration statement containing the Prospectus, in order to comply
with the Act, the Rules and Regulations, the Exchange Act or the Exchange Act Rules, including in connection with the delivery of
the Prospectus, the Company agrees to (i) promptly notify the Representatives of any such event or condition and (ii) promptly
prepare (subject to Section 4(a) and 4(f) hereof), file with the Commission and the Canadian Securities Commissions (and
use its reasonable best efforts to have any amendment to the Registration Statement or any new registration statement to be declared effective)
and furnish at its own expense to the Underwriters (and, if applicable, to dealers), amendments or supplements to the Registration Statement,
the Time of Sale Prospectus, the Prospectus or any Written Testing-the-Waters Communication, or any new registration statement, necessary
in order to make the statements in the Time of Sale Prospectus, the Prospectus or the applicable Written Testing-the-Waters Communication
as so amended or supplemented, in the light of the circumstances then prevailing or under which they were made, as the case may be, not
misleading or so that the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus, the Prospectus or the applicable Written Testing-the-Waters
Communication, as amended or supplemented, will comply with the Act, the Rules and Regulations, the Exchange Act or the Exchange
Act Rules, Canadian Securities Laws or any other applicable law.
(c) Notifications
to the Representatives. The Company shall use its reasonable best efforts to cause the Registration Statement to become effective,
and shall notify the Representatives promptly and shall confirm such advice in writing, (i) when any post-effective amendment to
the Registration Statement has become effective or when a receipt has been issued for any supplement or amendment to any Canadian Prospectus,
(ii) of any request by the Commission or the Canadian Securities Commissions for amendments or supplements to the Registration Statement
or the Prospectus or for additional information, (iii) of the commencement by the Commission, the Canadian Securities Commissions
or by any state securities commission of any proceedings for the suspension of the qualification of any of the Shares for offering or
sale in any jurisdiction or of the initiation, or the threatening, of any proceeding for that purpose, including, without limitation,
the issuance by the Commission of any stop order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement or the initiation of any proceedings
for that purpose or the threat thereof, (iv) of the happening of any event during the Prospectus Delivery Period that in the judgment
of the Company makes any statement of material fact made in the Registration Statement, the Prospectus or any Written Testing-the-Waters
Communication misleading (including by omission) or untrue or that requires the making of any changes in the Registration Statement, the
Prospectus or any Written Testing-the-Waters Communication in order to make the statements of material fact therein, in light of the circumstances
in which they are made, not misleading, (v) of receipt by the Company or any representative of the Company of any other communication
from the Commission or the Canadian Securities Commissions relating to the Company, the Registration Statement, any preliminary prospectus,
the Canadian Preliminary Prospectus, the Prospectus or any Written Testing-the-Waters Communication and (vi) of any distribution
of Written Testing-the-Waters Communication by or on behalf of the Company (other than through any Underwriter). If at any time the Commission
shall issue any order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement, the Company shall use reasonable best efforts to obtain
the withdrawal of such order at the earliest possible moment. The Company shall comply with the provisions of and make all requisite filings
with the Commission pursuant to Rules 424(b), 430A, 430B, 430C and 462(b) of the Rules and Regulations and notify the Representatives
promptly of all such filings.
(d) Executed
Registration Statement. The Company shall furnish to the Representatives, without charge, for transmittal to each of the other Underwriters,
two facsimile signed copies of the Registration Statement and of any post-effective amendment thereto, including financial statements,
excluding all exhibits thereto, and shall furnish to the Representatives, without charge, for transmittal to each of the other Underwriters,
a copy of the Registration Statement and any post-effective amendment thereto, including financial statements.
(e) Undertakings.
The Company shall comply with all the provisions of any undertakings contained and required to be contained in the Registration Statement.
(f) Permitted
Free Writing Prospectuses. The Company represents and agrees that it has not made and, unless it obtains the prior consent of the
Representatives, will not make, any offer relating to the Shares that would constitute a “free writing prospectus” as defined
in Rule 405 of the Rules and Regulations, required to be filed with the Commission or retained by the Company under Rule 433
of the Rules and Regulations; provided that the prior written consent of the Representatives hereto shall be deemed to have
been given in respect of the Issuer Free Writing Prospectuses included in Schedule II hereto. Any such free writing prospectus
consented to by the Representatives is herein referred to as a “Permitted Free Writing Prospectus.” The Company agrees
that (i) it has treated and will treat, as the case may be, each Permitted Free Writing Prospectus as an Issuer Free Writing Prospectus,
and (ii) has complied and will comply, as the case may be, with the requirements of Rules 164 and 433 of the Act applicable
to any Permitted Free Writing Prospectus, including in respect of timely filing with the Commission, legending and record keeping. If
at any time following the issuance of an Issuer Free Writing Prospectus there occurs an event or development as a result of which such
Issuer Free Writing Prospectus would conflict with the information contained in the Registration Statement relating to the Shares or would
include an untrue statement of material fact or would omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein,
in light of the circumstances prevailing at that subsequent time, not misleading, the Company will promptly notify the Representatives
and will promptly amend or supplement, at its own expense, such Issuer Free Writing Prospectus to eliminate or correct such conflict,
untrue statement, or omission. The Company represents that it has satisfied the conditions in Rule 433 to avoid a requirement to
file with the Commission any electronic road show.
(g) U.S.
Prospectus. The Company shall prepare the U.S. Prospectus in a form approved by the Representatives and shall file such U.S. Prospectus
with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b) of the Rules and Regulations with a filing date not later than the second business
day following the execution and delivery of this Agreement. Promptly after the effective date of the Registration Statement, and thereafter
from time to time, the Company shall deliver to each of the Underwriters, without charge, as many copies of the U.S. Prospectus and any
amendment or supplement thereto as the Representatives may reasonably request. The Company consents to the use of the U.S. Prospectus
and any amendment or supplement thereto by the Underwriters and by all dealers to whom the Shares may be sold, both in connection with
the offering or sale of the Shares and for any period of time thereafter during the Prospectus Delivery Period. If, during the Prospectus
Delivery Period any event shall occur that in the judgment of the Company or counsel to the Underwriters should be set forth in the U.S.
Prospectus in order to make any statement of a material fact therein, in the light of the circumstances under which it was made, not misleading
(including by omission), or if it is necessary to supplement or amend the U.S. Prospectus to comply with law, the Company shall forthwith
prepare and duly file with the Commission an appropriate supplement or amendment thereto, and shall deliver to each of the Underwriters,
without charge, such number of copies thereof as the Representatives may reasonably request.
(h) Canadian
Supplemental Prospectus. The Company shall prepare the Canadian Supplemental Prospectus in a form approved by the Representatives
and shall file with the BCSC and the other Canadian Securities Commissions with a filing date not later than the second business day following
the execution and delivery of this Agreement. Promptly after the effective date of the Registration Statement, and thereafter from time
to time, the Company shall deliver to each of the Underwriters, without charge, as many copies of the Canadian Supplemental Prospectus
and any amendment or supplement thereto as the Representatives may reasonably request. The Company consents to the use of the Canadian
Supplemental Prospectus and any amendment or supplement thereto by the Underwriters and by all dealers to whom the Shares may be sold,
both in connection with the offering or sale of the Shares and for any period of time thereafter during the Prospectus Delivery Period.
If, during the Prospectus Delivery Period any event shall occur that in the judgment of the Company or counsel to the Underwriters should
be set forth in the Canadian Supplemental Prospectus in order to make any statement therein, in the light of the circumstances under which
it was made, not misleading (including by omission), or if it is necessary to supplement or amend the Canadian Supplemental Prospectus
to comply with law, the Company shall forthwith prepare and duly file with the BCSC and the other Canadian Securities Commissions an appropriate
supplement or amendment thereto, and shall deliver to each of the Underwriters, without charge, such number of copies thereof as the Representatives
may reasonably request.
(i) Canadian
Marketing Materials. During the distribution of the Shares: (i) to prepare, in consultation with the Representatives, any “marketing
materials” (as such term is defined in NI 41-101) (“Canadian Marketing Materials”), including any template version thereof,
to be provided to potential investors in the Shares, and approve in writing any such Canadian Marketing Materials (including any template
version thereof), as may reasonably be requested by the Underwriters, such marketing materials to comply with Canadian Securities Laws
and to be acceptable in form and substance to the Company and the Underwriters and their respective counsel, acting reasonably; and (ii) the
Representatives shall, on behalf of the Underwriters, approve in writing any such Canadian Marketing Materials, as contemplated by Canadian
Securities Laws and shall not use any such Canadian Marketing Materials until such time as the Company confirms in writing that such Canadian
Marketing Materials have been approved and filed in accordance with NI 41-101.
(j) The
Company and each Underwriter, on a several basis, covenants and agrees that, during the distribution of the Shares, it will not provide
any potential investor with any materials or information in relation to the distribution of the Shares or the Company other than the Prospectuses
and any amendments or supplements thereto in accordance with this Agreement or materials prepared in accordance with Section 4(i),
provided that: (A) any such materials that constitute marketing materials have been approved and delivered in accordance with Section 4(i);
and (B) any such materials that constitute standard term sheets have been approved in writing by the Company and the Representatives
and are provided in compliance with Canadian Securities Laws.
(k) Notwithstanding
Section 4(i) and 4(j), following the approval and delivery of a template version of marketing materials in accordance with Section 4(i),
the Underwriters may provide a “limited-use version” (as such term is defined in NI 41-101) of such template version to potential
investors in the Shares in accordance with Canadian Securities Laws.
(l) Compliance
with Blue Sky Laws. Prior to any public offering of the Shares by the Underwriters, the Company shall cooperate with the Representatives
and counsel to the Underwriters in connection with the registration or qualification (or the obtaining of exemptions from the application
thereof) of the Shares for offer and sale under the securities or Blue Sky laws of such jurisdictions as the Representatives may request,
including, without limitation, the provinces and territories of Canada and other jurisdictions outside of the United States in which the
Underwriters will make offers or sales of the Shares; provided, however, that in no event shall the Company be obligated
to qualify to do business in any jurisdiction where it is not now so qualified or to take any action which would subject it to general
service of process in any jurisdiction where it is not now so subject.
(m) Delivery
of Financial Statements. During the period of two years commencing on the effective date of the Registration Statement applicable
to the Underwriters, the Company shall furnish to the Representatives and each other Underwriter who may so request copies of such financial
statements and other periodic and special reports as the Company may from time to time distribute generally to the holders of any class
of its capital stock, and will furnish to the Representatives and each other Underwriter who may so request a copy of each annual or other
report it shall be required to file with the Commission; provided, however, that electronically transmitted copies filed with the Commission
pursuant to EDGAR or the Canadian Securities Commissions pursuant to SEDAR shall satisfy the Company’s obligation to furnish copies
hereunder.
(n) Availability
of Earnings Statements. The Company shall make generally available to holders of its securities as soon as may be practicable but
in no event later than the last day of the fifteenth full calendar month following the calendar quarter in which the most recent effective
date occurs in accordance with Rule 158 of the Rules and Regulations, an earnings statement (which need not be audited but shall
be in reasonable detail) for a period of 12 months ended commencing after the effective date of the Registration Statement, and satisfying
the provisions of Section 11(a) of the Act (including Rule 158 of the Rules and Regulations).
(o) Payment
of Expenses. Whether or not any of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement are consummated or this Agreement is terminated,
the Company will pay or cause to be paid, or reimburse if paid by the Representatives, all costs and expenses incident to the performance
of the obligations of the Company under this Agreement, including but not limited to: (i) the costs incident to the authorization,
issuance, sale, preparation and delivery of the Shares and any Stamp Tax or other taxes payable in connection therewith, (ii) the
costs incident to the preparation, printing and filing under the Act of the Registration Statement and exhibits to it, each preliminary
prospectus, each Permitted Free Writing Prospectus, the Time of Sale Prospectus, the Prospectus, the Canadian Supplemented Prospectus,
each Written Testing-the-Waters Communications, if any, and any amendment or supplement to the Registration Statement, the Prospectus
or any Written Testing-the-Waters Communication, and the distribution thereof, (iii) the costs of preparing, printing and delivering
certificates representing the Shares, if any, (iv) the costs of producing and delivering this Agreement, the Agreement Among Underwriters
and any other related documents in connection with the offering, purchase, sale and delivery of the Shares, (v) the costs of furnishing
(including costs of shipping, mailing and courier) such copies of the Registration Statement, the Prospectus, the Canadian Supplemented
Prospectus, any preliminary prospectus, any Permitted Free Writing Prospectus and any Written Testing-the-Waters Communication, and all
amendments and supplements thereto, as may be requested for use in connection with the offering and sale of the Shares by the Underwriters
or by dealers to whom Shares may be sold, (vi) the costs, fees and expenses of listing the Shares on the NYSE American and the TSX,
(vii) the filing fees incident to, and the fees and disbursements of counsel to the Underwriters in connection with, the review by
FINRA of the terms of the sale of the Shares, (viii) the fees and expenses incident to the registration or qualification of the Shares
for offer and sale under the securities or Blue Sky laws of such jurisdictions designated pursuant to Section 4(f) hereof and
the securities laws of Canada, including the fees, disbursements and other charges of counsel to the Underwriters in connection therewith,
and, if requested by the Representatives, the preparation and printing of preliminary, supplemental and final Blue Sky memoranda; provided,
however, that the Company shall not be required to pay or reimburse the Underwriters for fees and disbursements of counsel to the Underwriters
in excess of and aggregate of $30,000 in connection with clauses (vii) and (viii), (ix) the fees and expenses of counsel to
the Company, (x) the costs and charges of DTC and the transfer agent for the Shares, (xi) the fees and expenses of the Accountants,
(xii) the costs and expenses of the Company relating to investor presentations on any “road show” or any Testing-the-Waters
Communication, undertaken in connection with the marketing of the Shares, including, without limitation, all costs and expenses associated
with any electronic road show, travel and lodging expenses of the officers, employees, agents and other representatives of the Company
and consultants engaged in connection with investor presentations, and the cost of any aircraft and other transportation chartered in
connection with the road show (provided, that the Company shall pay 50% of the cost of any such aircraft and the Underwriters shall pay
50% of the cost of any such aircraft), and (xiii) all fees, costs and expenses for consultants used by the Company in connection
with the offering. All payments to be made by the Company hereunder shall be made without withholding or deduction for or on account of
any present or future taxes, duties or governmental charges whatsoever unless the Company is compelled by law to deduct or withhold such
taxes, duties or charges. In that event, the Company shall pay such additional amounts as may be necessary in order that the net amounts
received by the Underwriters after such withholding or deduction shall equal the amounts that would have been received if no withholding
or deduction had been made. Except as provided in this Section 4(o) and in Section 4(p), the Underwriters shall pay their
own costs and expenses, including the costs and expenses of their counsel.
(p) Reimbursement
of Expenses upon Termination of Agreement. If this Agreement shall be terminated by the Company pursuant to any of the provisions
hereof or if for any reason the Company shall be unable to perform its obligations or to fulfill any conditions hereunder or if the Underwriters
shall terminate this Agreement pursuant to Section 7 hereof, the Company shall reimburse the Underwriters for all documented out-of-pocket
expenses (including the fees, disbursements and other charges of counsel to the Underwriters) reasonably incurred by them in connection
herewith; provided, however, that the Company shall not be obligated to reimburse the expenses of any defaulting Underwriter
under Section 8 hereof.
(q) No
Stabilization or Manipulation. The Company shall not at any time, directly or indirectly, take any action intended to cause or result
in, or which might reasonably be expected to cause or result in, or which will constitute, stabilization or manipulation, under the Act
or Canadian Securities Laws or otherwise, of the price of the shares of Common Stock to facilitate the sale or resale of any of the Shares.
(r) Use
of Proceeds. The Company shall apply the net proceeds from the offering and sale of the Shares to be sold by the Company in the manner
set forth in the Time of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus under “Use of Proceeds” and shall file such reports with the Commission
with respect to the sale of the Shares and the application of the proceeds therefrom as may be required in accordance with Rule 463
under the Act.
(s) Lock-Up
Agreements of Company, Management, Affiliates and Equityholders. The Company shall not, for a period of 180 days after the date of
the Prospectus (the “Lock-Up Period”), without the prior written consent of each of the Representatives (which consent
may be withheld in their sole discretion), (1) offer, sell, pledge, contract to sell, sell any option or contract to purchase, purchase
any option or contract to sell, grant any option, right or warrant to purchase, lend, or otherwise transfer or dispose of (or enter into
any transaction which is designed to, or might reasonably be expected to, result in the disposition), directly or indirectly, or file
with the Commission a registration statement under the Act to register, any shares of Common Stock or any securities convertible into
or exercisable or exchangeable for Common Stock or warrants or other rights to acquire shares of Common Stock or (2) enter into any
swap or other derivatives transaction that transfers to another, in whole or in part, directly or indirectly, any of the economic benefits
or risks of ownership of such shares of Common Stock, securities, warrants or other rights to acquire Common Stock, whether any such transaction
described in clause (1) or (2) above is to be settled by delivery of Common Stock or other securities, in cash or otherwise,
or publicly disclose the intention to enter into any transaction described in clause (1) or (2) above. The foregoing sentence
shall not apply to (A) the Shares to be sold hereunder, (B) any shares of Common Stock issued by the Company upon the exercise
of an option or warrant or the conversion of a security outstanding on the date hereof and referred to in the Registration Statement,
Time of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus, (C) any shares of Common Stock issued or options to purchase Common Stock granted pursuant
to employee benefit plans of the Company referred to in the Registration Statement, Time of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus, (D) the
filing of a registration statement on Form S-8 relating to Common Stock granted pursuant to employee benefit plans of the Company
referred to in the Registration Statement, Time of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus, (E) Common Stock or any securities convertible
into, or exercisable, or exchangeable for, Common Stock issued, sold or delivered in connection with any acquisition or strategic investment
(including any joint venture, strategic alliance or partnership) as long as (x) the aggregate number of Common Stock issued or issuable
does not exceed 2% of the number of Common Stock outstanding immediately after the completion of the offering of the Common Stock contemplated
herein, and (y) each recipient of any such shares or other securities executes a lock-up agreement restricting the resale of such
securities in the form executed by each of the executive officers and directors of the Company for the remainder of the 180-day restricted
period contemplated thereby and (F) facilitating the establishment of a trading plan on behalf of a shareholder, officer or director
of the Company pursuant to Rule 10b5-1 under the Exchange Act for the transfer of shares of Common Stock, provided that (i) such
plan does not provide for the transfer of Common Stock during the Lock-Up Period and (ii) to the extent a public announcement or
filing under the Exchange Act, if any, is required of or voluntarily made by the Company regarding the establishment of such plan, such
announcement or filing shall include a statement to the effect that no transfer of Common Stock may be made under such plan during the
Lock-Up Period. The Company has caused each of its officers, directors and beneficial owners of 1% or more its capital stock, as well
as substantially all other beneficial owners of its capital stock (including stockholders, option holders and other equityholders) to
enter into agreements with the Representatives in the form set forth in Exhibit A.
(t) Lock-Up
Releases. If each of the Representatives, in their sole discretion, agree to release or waive the restrictions set forth in a lock-up
letter described in Section 5(j) hereof for an officer or director of the Company and provides the Company with notice of the
impending release or waiver at least three business days before the effective date of the release or waiver, the Company agrees to announce
the impending release or waiver by a press release substantially in the form of Exhibit B hereto through a major news service
at least two business days before the effective date of such release or waiver.
(u) Emerging
Growth Company Status. The Company shall promptly notify the Representatives if the Company ceases to be an Emerging Growth Company
at any time prior to the later of (i) the time when a prospectus relating to the offering or sale of the Shares is not required by
the Act to be delivered (whether physically or through compliance with Rule 172 of the Rules and Regulations or any similar
rule) and (ii) completion of the Lock-Up Period.
(s) Transfer
Agent. The Company shall engage and maintain, at its expense, a registrar and transfer agent for the Shares in the United States and
Canada.
5. Conditions
of the Obligations of the Underwriters. The obligation of each Underwriter to purchase the Firm Shares on the Closing Date or any
Option Shares on the Option Closing Date, as the case may be, as provided herein is subject to the accuracy of the representations and
warranties of the Company, the performance by the Company of its covenants and other obligations hereunder and to the following additional
conditions:
(a) Post
Effective Amendments and Prospectus Filings. Notification that the Registration Statement has become effective shall be received by
the Representatives not later than 6:00 p.m., New York City time, on the date of this Agreement or at such later date and time as shall
be consented to in writing by the Representatives and all filings made pursuant to Rules 424, 430A, 430B or 430C of the Rules and
Regulations, as applicable, shall have been made or will be made prior to the Closing Date in accordance with all such applicable rules.
(b) No
Stop Orders, Requests for Information and No Amendments. (i) No stop order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement
shall have been issued and no proceedings for that purpose shall be pending or, to the knowledge of the Company, shall be threatened by
the Commission, (ii) no order suspending the qualification or registration of the Shares under the securities or Blue Sky laws of
any jurisdiction shall be in effect and no proceeding for such purpose shall be pending before or, to the knowledge of the Company, threatened
or contemplated by the authorities of any such jurisdiction, (iii) any request for additional information on the part of the staff
of the Commission or the Canadian Securities Commissions or any such authorities shall have been complied with to the satisfaction of
the staff of the Commission or the Canadian Securities Commissions or such authorities, as applicable and (iv) after the date hereof
no amendment or supplement to the Registration Statement or the Prospectus shall have been filed unless a copy thereof was first submitted
to the Representatives and the Representatives did not object thereto in good faith, and the Representatives shall have received certificates,
dated the Closing Date and any Option Closing Date and signed by the Chief Executive Officer or the Chairman of the Board of Directors
and the Chief Financial Officer of the Company (who may, as to proceedings threatened, rely upon the best of their information and belief),
to the effect of clauses (i), (ii) and (iii).
(c) No
Material Adverse Changes. Since the respective dates as of which information is given in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale
Prospectus and the Prospectus, except as set forth in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus (i) there
shall not have been a Material Adverse Change, (ii) the Company shall not have incurred any material liabilities or obligations,
direct or contingent, (iii) the Company shall not have entered into any material transactions not in the ordinary course of business
other than pursuant to this Agreement and the transactions referred to herein, (iv) the Company shall not have issued any securities
(other than the Shares) or declared or paid any dividend or made any distribution in respect of its capital stock of any class or debt
(long-term or short-term), and (v) no material amount of the assets of the Company shall have been pledged, mortgaged or otherwise
encumbered.
(d) No
Actions, Suits or Proceedings. Since the respective dates as of which information is given in the Registration Statement, the Time
of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus, there shall have been no actions, suits or proceedings instituted, or to the Company’s knowledge,
threatened against, the Company, its subsidiaries or any of their respective officers in their capacity as such, before or by any federal,
provincial, state or local court, commission, regulatory body, administrative agency or other governmental body, domestic or foreign,
except where the actions, suits or proceedings would not, individually or in the aggregate, have a Material Adverse Effect.
(e) All
Representations True and Correct and All Conditions Fulfilled. Each of the representations and warranties of the Company contained
herein shall be true and correct at the Closing Date as if made at the Closing Date and any Option Closing Date, as the case may be, and
all covenants and agreements contained herein to be performed by the Company and all conditions contained herein to be fulfilled or complied
with by the Company at or prior to the Closing Date and any Option Closing Date, shall have been duly performed, fulfilled or complied
with.
(f) Opinions
of Counsel to the Company. The Representatives shall have received the opinions and letters, each dated the Closing Date and any Option
Closing Date, as the case may be, reasonably satisfactory in form and substance to counsel for the Underwriters, from (i) Reed Smith
LLP, U.S. counsel to the Company, to the effect set forth in Exhibit C and (ii) Stikeman Elliot LLP, Canadian counsel
to the Company, to the effect set forth in Exhibit D.
(g) Opinion
of Counsel to the Underwriters. The Representatives shall have received (i) an opinion and negative assurance letter, each dated
the Closing Date and any Option Closing Date, from Paul, Weiss, Rifkind, Wharton & Garrison LLP, U.S. counsel to the Underwriters,
and (ii) an opinion, dated the Closing Date and any Option Closing Date, from Bennett Jones LLP, Canadian counsel to the Underwriters,
in each case with respect to the Registration Statement, the Prospectus and this Agreement, which opinions and letters shall each be satisfactory
in all respects to the Representatives.
(h) Title
Opinions. The Representatives shall have received favorable title opinions, each dated the Closing Date and any Option Closing Date,
from [●], with respect to the Company’s title to and ownership of certain of the Mining Claims, in form and substance reasonably
satisfactory to the Representatives.
(i) Accountants’
Comfort Letter. On the date of this Agreement, the Representatives shall have received from the Accountants a letter dated the date
of its delivery, addressed to the Underwriters (or to the Representatives on behalf of the Underwriters), in form and substance reasonably
satisfactory to the Representatives, containing statements and information of the type ordinarily included in accountant’s “comfort
letters” to underwriters, delivered according to Statement of Auditing Standards No. 72 (or any successor bulletin), with respect
to the audited and unaudited financial statements and certain financial information contained in the Registration Statement, the Time
of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus. At the Closing Date and any Option Closing Date, as the case may be, the Representatives shall
have received from the Accountants a letter dated such date, in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Representatives, to
the effect that they reaffirm the statements made in the letter furnished by them pursuant to the preceding sentence and have conducted
additional procedures with respect to certain financial figures included in the Prospectus, except that the specified date referred to
therein for the carrying out of procedures shall be no more than three business days prior to the Closing Date or any Option Closing Date,
as the case may be.
(j) Officers’
Certificates. At the Closing Date and any Option Closing Date, as the case may be, there shall be furnished to the Representatives
an accurate certificate, dated the date of its delivery, signed by each of the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer
of the Company, in form and substance satisfactory to the Representatives, to the effect that:
(i) each
signer of such certificate has examined the Registration Statement, Time of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus;
(ii) since
the respective dates as of which information is given in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus there
has not been a Material Adverse Change;
(iii) each
of the representations and warranties of the Company and its subsidiaries contained in this Agreement are, at the time such certificate
is delivered, true and correct; and
(j) each
of the covenants required herein to be performed by the Company on or prior to the date of such certificate has been duly, timely and
fully performed and each condition herein required to be complied with by the Company on or prior to the delivery of such certificate
has been duly, timely and fully complied with.
(k) Stock
Exchange Listing. The Shares shall have been (i) duly authorized for listing or quotation on the NYSE American, subject only
to notice of issuance and (ii) conditionally approved for listing and posting for trading on the TSX, subject only to the satisfaction
by the Company of customary conditions imposed by the TSX in similar circumstances.
(l) Lock-Up
Agreements. At the date of this Agreement, the Representatives shall have received the executed “lock-up” agreements referred
to in Section 4(s) hereof from the Company’s officers, directors and beneficial owners (including stockholders, option
holders and other equityholders) owning in the aggregate substantially all of the Company’s fully diluted capital stock.
(m) Company
Certificates. The Company shall have furnished to the Representatives such certificates, in addition to those specifically mentioned
herein, as the Representatives may have reasonably requested as to the accuracy and completeness at the Closing Date and any Option Closing
Date of any statement in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus, the Prospectus or any Written Testing-the-Waters Communication,
as to the accuracy at the Closing Date and any Option Closing Date of the representations and warranties of the Company herein, as to
the performance by the Company of its obligations hereunder, or as to the fulfillment of the conditions concurrent and precedent to the
obligations hereunder of the Underwriters.
(n) No
Objection. FINRA has confirmed that it has not raised any objection with respect to the fairness and reasonableness of the underwriting
terms and arrangements relating to the offering of the Shares.
If any of the conditions hereinabove
provided for in this Section 5 shall not have been fulfilled when and as required by this Agreement to be fulfilled, the obligations
of the Underwriters hereunder may be terminated by the Representatives by notifying the Company of such termination in writing at or prior
to the Closing Date or any Option Closing Date, as the case may be.
6. Indemnification.
(a) Indemnification
of the Underwriters. The Company shall indemnify and hold harmless each Underwriter, its affiliates, the directors, officers and employees
of each Underwriter and each person, if any, who controls each Underwriter within the meaning of Section 15 of the Act or Section 20
of the Exchange Act from and against any and all losses, claims, liabilities, expenses and damages (including any and all investigative,
legal and other expenses reasonably incurred in connection with, and any amount paid in settlement of, any action, suit or proceeding
between any of the indemnified parties and any indemnifying parties or between any indemnified party and any third party, or otherwise,
or any claim asserted), to which they, or any of them, may become subject under the Act, the Exchange Act or other federal or state statutory
law or regulation, at common law or otherwise, insofar as such losses, claims, liabilities, expenses or damages arise out of or are based
on (i) any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact contained in the Registration Statement (or any amendment
thereto), including any information deemed to be a part thereof pursuant to Rules 430A, 430B or 430C, as applicable or the omission
or alleged omission therefrom of a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading
or (ii) any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact contained in any preliminary prospectus, any preliminary
prospectus supplement, any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus, Time of Sale Prospectus, Canadian Final Prospectus, the Prospectus or any Written
Testing-the-Waters Communication (or any amendment or supplement to any of the foregoing) or the omission or alleged omission therefrom
of a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not
misleading or (iii) any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact contained in any materials or information
provided to investors by, or with the approval of, the Company in connection with the marketing of the offering of the Shares, including
any road show or investor presentations made to investors by the Company (whether in person or electronically) or the omission or alleged
omission therefrom of a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which
they were made, not misleading; provided, however, that the Company shall not be liable to the extent that such loss, claim,
liability, expense or damage arises from the sale of the Shares in the public offering to any person by an Underwriter and is based on
an untrue statement or omission or alleged untrue statement or omission made in reliance on and in conformity with Underwriters’
Information. This indemnity agreement will be in addition to any liability that the Company might otherwise have.
(b) Indemnification
of the Company. Each Underwriter shall, severally and not jointly, indemnify and hold harmless the Company, its affiliates, directors,
officers and employees and each person, if any, who controls the Company within the meaning of Section 15 of the Act or Section 20
of the Exchange Act, to the same extent as the foregoing indemnity from the Company to each Underwriter, but only insofar as losses, claims,
liabilities, expenses or damages arise out of or are based on any untrue statement or omission or alleged untrue statement or omission
made in reliance on and in conformity with Underwriters’ Information. This indemnity will be in addition to any liability that each
Underwriter might otherwise have.
(c) Indemnification
Procedures. Any party that proposes to assert the right to be indemnified under this Section 6 shall, promptly after receipt
of notice of commencement of any action against such party in respect of which a claim is to be made against an indemnifying party or
parties under this Section 6, notify each such indemnifying party of the commencement of such action, enclosing a copy of all papers
served, but the omission so to notify such indemnifying party shall not relieve the indemnifying party from any liability that it may
have to any indemnified party under the foregoing provisions of this Section 6 unless, and only to the extent that, such omission
results in the forfeiture of substantive rights or defenses by the indemnifying party. If any such action is brought against any indemnified
party and it notifies the indemnifying party of its commencement, the indemnifying party will be entitled to participate in and, to the
extent that it elects by delivering written notice to the indemnified party promptly after receiving notice of the commencement of the
action from the indemnified party, jointly with any other indemnifying party similarly notified, to assume the defense of the action,
with counsel satisfactory to the indemnified party, and after notice from the indemnifying party to the indemnified party of its election
to assume the defense, the indemnifying party will not be liable to the indemnified party for any legal or other expenses except as provided
below and except for the reasonable costs of investigation subsequently incurred by the indemnified party in connection with the defense.
The indemnified party will have the right to employ its own counsel in any such action, but the fees, expenses and other charges of such
counsel will be at the expense of such indemnified party unless (i) the employment of counsel by the indemnified party has been authorized
in writing by the indemnifying party, (ii) the indemnified party has reasonably concluded (based on advice of counsel) that there
may be legal defenses available to it or other indemnified parties that are different from or in addition to those available to the indemnifying
party, (iii) the indemnified party has reasonably concluded that a conflict or potential conflict exists (based on advice of counsel
to the indemnified party) between the indemnified party and the indemnifying party (in which case the indemnifying party shall not have
the right to direct the defense of such action on behalf of the indemnified party) or (iv) the indemnifying party has not in fact
employed counsel satisfactory to the indemnified party to assume the defense of such action within a reasonable time after receiving notice
of the commencement of the action, in each of which cases the reasonable fees, disbursements and other charges of counsel shall be at
the expense of the indemnifying party or parties. It is understood that the indemnifying party or parties shall not, in connection with
any proceeding or related proceedings in the same jurisdiction, be liable for the reasonable fees, disbursements and other charges of
more than one separate firm admitted to practice in such jurisdiction at any one time for all such indemnified party or parties. All such
reasonable fees, disbursements and other charges shall be reimbursed by the indemnifying party promptly as they are incurred upon receipt
of documented notice thereof. An indemnifying party shall not be liable for any settlement of any action or claim effected without its
written consent (which consent will not be unreasonably withheld or delayed). No indemnifying party shall, without the prior written consent
of each indemnified party, settle or compromise or consent to the entry of any judgment in any pending or threatened claim, action or
proceeding relating to the matters contemplated by this Section 6 (whether or not any indemnified party is a party thereto), unless
such settlement, compromise or consent (i) includes an unconditional release of each indemnified party from all liability arising
or that may arise out of such claim, action or proceeding and (ii) does not include a statement as to or an admission of fault, culpability
or a failure to act by or on behalf of any indemnified party. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if at any time an indemnified party shall
have requested an indemnifying party to reimburse the indemnified party for fees and expenses of counsel, such indemnifying party agrees
that it shall be liable for any settlement of the nature contemplated by Section 6(a) effected without its written consent if
(i) such settlement is entered into more than 60 days after receipt by such indemnifying party of the aforesaid request, (ii) such
indemnifying party shall have received notice of the terms of such settlement at least 45 days prior to such settlement being entered
into and (iii) such indemnifying party shall not have reimbursed such indemnified party in accordance with such request prior to
the date of such settlement.
(d) Contribution.
In order to provide for just and equitable contribution in circumstances in which the indemnification provided for in the foregoing paragraphs
of this Section 6 is applicable in accordance with its terms but for any reason is held to be unavailable from the Company or the
Underwriters, the Company and the Underwriters shall contribute to the total losses, claims, liabilities, expenses and damages (including
any investigative, legal and other expenses reasonably incurred in connection with, and any amount paid in settlement of, any action,
suit or proceeding or any claim asserted, but after deducting any contribution received by the Company from persons other than the Underwriters,
such as persons who control the Company within the meaning of the Act, officers of the Company who signed the Registration Statement and
directors of the Company, who also may be liable for contribution) to which the Company and the Underwriters may be subject in such proportion
as shall be appropriate to reflect the relative benefits received by the Company on the one hand and the Underwriters on the other. The
relative benefits received by the Company on the one hand and the Underwriters on the other shall be deemed to be in the same proportion
as the total net proceeds from the offering (before deducting expenses) received by the Company bear to the total underwriting discounts
and commissions received by the Underwriters, in each case as set forth in the table on the cover page of the Prospectus. If, but
only if, the allocation provided by the foregoing sentence is not permitted by applicable law, the allocation of contribution shall be
made in such proportion as is appropriate to reflect not only the relative benefits referred to in the foregoing sentence but also the
relative fault of the Company, on the one hand, and the Underwriters, on the other, with respect to the statements or omissions which
resulted in such loss, claim, liability, expense or damage, or action in respect thereof, as well as any other relevant equitable considerations
with respect to such offering. Such relative fault shall be determined by reference to whether the untrue or alleged untrue statement
of a material fact or omission or alleged omission to state a material fact relates to information supplied by the Company or Representatives
on behalf of the Underwriters, the intent of the parties and their relative knowledge, access to information and opportunity to correct
or prevent such statement or omission. The Company and the Underwriters agree that it would not be just and equitable if contributions
pursuant to this Section 6(d) were to be determined by pro rata allocation or by any other method of allocation (even if the
Underwriters were treated as one entity for such purpose) which does not take into account the equitable considerations referred to herein.
The amount paid or payable by an indemnified party as a result of the loss, claim, liability, expense or damage, or action in respect
thereof, referred to above in this Section 6(d) shall be deemed to include, for purpose of this Section 6(d), any legal
or other expenses reasonably incurred by such indemnified party in connection with investigating or defending any such action or claim.
Notwithstanding the provisions of this Section 6(d), no Underwriter shall be required to contribute any amount in excess of the underwriting
discounts and commissions received by it, and no person found guilty of fraudulent misrepresentation (within the meaning of Section 11(f) of
the Act) shall be entitled to contribution from any person who was not guilty of such fraudulent misrepresentation. The Underwriters’
obligation to contribute as provided in this Section 6(d) are several in proportion to their respective underwriting obligations
and not joint. For purposes of this Section 6(d), any person who controls a party to this Agreement within the meaning of the Act
will have the same rights to contribution as that party, and each director of the Company and each officer of the Company who signed the
Registration Statement will have the same rights to contribution as the Company, and each affiliate, director, officer or employee of
any Underwriter will have the same rights to contribution as such Underwriter, subject in each case to the provisions hereof. Any party
entitled to contribution, promptly after receipt of notice of commencement of any action against such party in respect of which a claim
for contribution may be made under this Section 6(d), will notify any such party or parties from whom contribution may be sought,
but the omission so to notify will not relieve the party or parties from whom contribution may be sought from any other obligation it
or they may have under this Section 6(d). No party will be liable for contribution with respect to any action or claim settled without
its written consent (which consent will not be unreasonably withheld).
(e) Survival.
The indemnity and contribution agreements contained in this Section 6 and the representations and warranties of the Company contained
in this Agreement shall remain operative and in full force and effect regardless of (i) any investigation made by or on behalf of
the Underwriters, (ii) acceptance of any of the Shares and payment therefor or (iii) any termination of this Agreement.
7. Termination.
The obligations of the several Underwriters under this Agreement may be terminated at any time prior to the Closing Date (or, with respect
to the Option Shares, on or prior to any Option Closing Date), by notice to the Company from the Representatives, without liability on
the part of any Underwriter to the Company, if, prior to delivery and payment for the Firm Shares (or the Option Shares, as the case may
be), in the sole judgment of the Representatives, any of the following shall occur:
(a) trading
of any securities of the Company shall have been suspended or limited on the NYSE American or the TSX;
(b) trading
generally shall have been suspended or limited on or by, as the case may be, any “national securities exchange” (as defined
in the Exchange Act), or minimum or maximum prices shall have been generally established on any such exchange, or additional material
governmental restrictions, not in force on the date of this Agreement, shall have been imposed upon trading in securities generally by
any such exchange or by order of the Commission, any Canadian Securities Commission or any court or other governmental authority;
(c) a
general banking moratorium shall have been declared by any of United States federal, New York or New York authorities or by Canadian federal
authorities;
(d) the
United States or Canada shall have become engaged in new hostilities, there shall have been an escalation in hostilities involving the
United States or Canada or there shall have been a declaration of a national emergency or war by the United States or Canada or there
shall have occurred such a material adverse change in general economic, political or financial conditions, including, without limitation,
as a result of terrorist activities after the date hereof (or the effect of international conditions on the financial markets in the United
States or Canada shall be such), or any other calamity or crisis shall have occurred, the effect of any of which is such as to make it
impracticable or inadvisable to market the Shares on the terms and in the manner contemplated by the Prospectus;
(e) the
Company shall have sustained a loss material or substantial to the Company by reason of flood, fire, accident, hurricane, earthquake,
theft, sabotage, natural disaster, disease outbreak or other calamity or malicious act, whether or not such loss shall have been insured,
the effect of any of which is such as to make it impracticable or inadvisable to market the Shares on the terms and in the manner contemplated
by the Prospectus; or
(f) there
shall have been a Material Adverse Change.
8. Substitution
of Underwriters. If any one or more of the Underwriters shall fail or refuse to purchase any of the Firm Shares which it or they have
agreed to purchase hereunder, and the aggregate number of Firm Shares which such defaulting Underwriter or Underwriters agreed but failed
or refused to purchase is not more than one-tenth of the aggregate number of Firm Shares, the other Underwriters shall be obligated, severally,
to purchase the Firm Shares which such defaulting Underwriter or Underwriters agreed but failed or refused to purchase, in the proportions
which the number of Firm Shares which they have respectively agreed to purchase pursuant to Section 1 hereof bears to the aggregate
number of Firm Shares which all such non-defaulting Underwriters have so agreed to purchase, or in such other proportions as the Representatives
may specify; provided that in no event shall the maximum number of Firm Shares which any Underwriter has become obligated to purchase
pursuant to Section 1 hereof be increased pursuant to this Section 8 by more than one-tenth of the number of Firm Shares agreed
to be purchased by such Underwriter without the prior written consent of such Underwriter. If any Underwriter or Underwriters shall fail
or refuse to purchase any Firm Shares and the aggregate number of Firm Shares which such defaulting Underwriter or Underwriters agreed
but failed or refused to purchase exceeds one-tenth of the aggregate number of the Firm Shares and arrangements satisfactory to the Company
and the Representatives for the purchase of such Firm Shares are not made within 48 hours after such default, this Agreement will terminate
without liability on the part of any non-defaulting Underwriter, or the Company for the purchase or sale of any Shares under this Agreement.
In any such case either the Representatives or the Company shall have the right to postpone the Closing Date, but in no event for longer
than seven days, in order that the required changes, if any, in the Registration Statement and in the Prospectus or in any other documents
or arrangements may be effected. Any action taken pursuant to this Section 8 shall not relieve any defaulting Underwriter from liability
in respect of any default of such Underwriter under this Agreement.
9. Miscellaneous.
(a) Relationship
with TMX Group Limited. Each of [●] and [●], or an affiliate thereof, owns or controls an equity interest in TMX Group
Limited (the “TMX Group”) and has a nominee director serving on the TMX Group’s board of directors. As such,
each such investment dealer may be considered to have an economic interest in the listing of securities on any exchange owned or operated
by TMX Group, including the TSX. No person or company is required to obtain products or services from TMX Group or its affiliates as a
condition of any such dealer supplying or continuing to supply a product or service.
(b) Notices.
Notice given pursuant to any of the provisions of this Agreement shall be in writing and, unless otherwise specified, shall be mailed,
hand delivered or telecopied (a) if to the Company, at the office of the Company, 606 – 999 Canada Place, Vancouver, BC V6C
3E1, Canada, Attention: Robert Friedland or (b) if to the Underwriters, c/o BMO Capital Markets Corp., 151 W 42nd St.,
New York, New York 10036, Attention: Legal Department (Fax: (212) 702-1205); Jefferies LLC, 520 Madison Avenue, New York, New York 10022;
Attention: [●]; and J.P. Morgan Securities LLC, 383 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10179, Attn: Equity Syndicate Desk, Fax: (212)
622-8358. Any such notice shall be effective only upon receipt.
(c) No
Third Party Beneficiaries. This Agreement has been and is made solely for the benefit of the several Underwriters, the Company and
to the extent provided in Section 6 hereof, the controlling persons, affiliates, directors, officers, and employees, referred to
in Section 6 hereof, and their respective successors and assigns, and no other person shall acquire or have any right under or by
virtue of this Agreement. The term “successors and assigns” as used in this Agreement shall not include a purchaser of Shares
from the Underwriters in his, her or its capacity as such a purchaser.
(d) Survival
of Representations and Warranties. All representations, warranties and agreements of the Company contained herein or in certificates
or other instruments delivered pursuant hereto shall remain operative and in full force and effect regardless of any investigation made
by or on behalf of any Underwriter or any of their controlling persons and shall survive delivery of and payment for the Shares hereunder.
(e) Disclaimer
of Fiduciary Relationship. The Company acknowledges and agrees that (i) the purchase and sale of the Shares pursuant to this
Agreement, including the determination of the public offering price of the Shares and any related discounts and commissions, is an arm’s-length
commercial transaction between the Company, on the one hand, and the Underwriters, on the other hand, (ii) in connection with the
offering contemplated by this Agreement and the process leading to such transaction, each of the Underwriters is and has been acting solely
as a principal and is not the agent or fiduciary of the Company or its securityholders, creditors, employees or any other party, (iii) none
of the Underwriters has assumed nor will it assume any advisory or fiduciary responsibility in favor of the Company with respect to the
offering of the Shares contemplated by this Agreement or the process leading thereto (irrespective of whether any Underwriter or its affiliates
has advised or is currently advising the Company on other matters) and the Underwriters have no obligation to the Company with respect
to the offering of the Shares contemplated by this Agreement except the obligations expressly set forth in this Agreement, (iv) each
of the Underwriters and their respective affiliates may be engaged in a broad range of transactions that involve interests that differ
from those of the Company, and (v) the Underwriters have not provided any legal, accounting, regulatory or tax advice with respect
to the offering contemplated by this Agreement and the Company has consulted its own legal, accounting, regulatory and tax advisors to
the extent it deemed appropriate.
(f) Recognition
of U.S. Special Resolution Regimes. In the event that any Underwriter that is a Covered Entity becomes subject to a proceeding under
a U.S. Special Resolution Regime, the transfer from such Underwriter of this Agreement, and any interest and obligation in or under this
Agreement, will be effective to the same extent as the transfer would be effective under the U.S. Special Resolution Regime if this Agreement,
and any interest and obligation in or under this Agreement, were governed by the laws of the United States or a state of the United States.
In the event that any Underwriter that is a Covered Entity or a Covered Affiliate of any such Underwriter becomes subject to a proceeding
under a U.S. Special Resolution Regime, Default Rights under this Agreement that may be exercised against such Underwriter are permitted
to be exercised to no greater extent than such Default Rights could be exercised under the U.S. Special Resolution Regime if this Agreement
were governed by the laws of the United States or a state of the United States. As used in this section: (i) “Covered Affiliate”
has the meaning assigned to the term “affiliate” in, and shall be interpreted in accordance with, 12 U.S.C. § 1841(k);
(ii) “Covered Entity” means any of the following: (A) a “covered entity” as that term is defined
in, and interpreted in accordance with, 12 C.F.R. § 252.82(b), (B) a “covered bank” as that term is defined
in, and interpreted in accordance with, 12 C.F.R. § 47.3(b) or (C) a “covered FSI” as that term is defined
in, and interpreted in accordance with, 12 C.F.R. § 382.2(b); (iii) “Default Right” has the meaning assigned
to that term in, and shall be interpreted in accordance with, 12 C.F.R. §§ 252.81, 47.2 or 382.1, as applicable; and (iv) “U.S.
Special Resolution Regime” means each of (i) the U.S. Federal Deposit Insurance Act and the regulations promulgated thereunder
and (ii) Title II of the U.S. Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act and the regulations promulgated thereunder.
(g) Actions
of the Representatives. Any action by the Underwriters hereunder may be taken by the Representatives on behalf of the Underwriters,
and any such action taken by the Representatives shall be binding upon the Underwriters.
(h) Governing
Law. THIS AGREEMENT SHALL BE GOVERNED BY AND CONSTRUED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE LAWS OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK APPLICABLE TO AGREEMENTS
MADE AND TO BE PERFORMED ENTIRELY WITHIN SUCH STATE. Each, party hereto hereby irrevocably submits for purposes of any action arising
from this Agreement brought by the other party hereto to the jurisdiction of the courts of New York State located in the Borough of Manhattan
and the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York.
(i) Counterparts.
This Agreement may be signed in two or more counterparts with the same effect as if the signatures thereto and hereto were upon the same
instrument. Counterparts may be delivered via facsimile, electronic mail (including any electronic signature covered by the U.S. federal
ESIGN Act of 2000, Uniform Electronic Transactions Act, the Electronic Signatures and Records Act or other applicable law, e.g., www.docusign.com)
or other transmission method and any counterpart so delivered shall be deemed to have been duly and validly delivered and be valid and
effective for all purposes.
(j) Survival
of Provisions Upon Invalidity of Any Single Provision. In case any provision in this Agreement shall be invalid, illegal or unenforceable,
the validity, legality and enforceability of the remaining provisions shall not in any way be affected or impaired thereby.
(k) Waiver
of Jury Trial. The Company and the Underwriters each hereby irrevocably waive any right they may have to a trial by jury in respect
of any claim based upon or arising out of this Agreement or the transactions contemplated hereby.
(l) Titles
and Subtitles. The titles of the sections and subsections of this Agreement are for convenience and reference only and are not to
be considered in construing this Agreement.
(m) Entire
Agreement. This Agreement embodies the entire agreement and understanding between the parties hereto and supersedes all prior agreements
and understandings relating to the subject matter hereof. This Agreement may not be amended or otherwise modified or any provision hereof
waived except by an instrument in writing signed by the Representatives and the Company.
[Signature page follows]
Please confirm that the foregoing
correctly sets forth the agreement between the Company and the several Underwriters.
| |
Very truly yours, |
| |
|
| |
Ivanhoe Electric Inc. |
| |
|
| |
By: |
|
| |
|
Name: |
| |
|
Title: |
| Confirmed as of the date first above mentioned: |
|
| |
|
| BMO Capital Markets Corp. |
|
| Jefferies LLC |
|
| |
|
| Acting on behalf of themselves and as Representatives
of the several Underwriters named in Schedule I hereof |
|
| |
|
| BMO Capital Markets Corp. |
|
| |
|
| By: |
|
|
| |
Name: |
|
| |
Title: |
|
| |
|
| Jefferies LLC |
|
| |
|
| By: |
|
|
| |
Name: |
|
| |
Title: |
|
Schedule I
| Underwriter | |
| Number of
Firm Shares | |
| BMO Capital Markets Corp. | |
| [●] | |
| Jefferies LLC | |
| [●] | |
| J.P. Morgan Securities LLC | |
| [●] | |
| Raymond James & Associates, Inc. | |
| [●] | |
| RBC Capital Markets, LLC | |
| [●] | |
| Scotia Capital (USA) Inc. | |
| [●] | |
| Total | |
| [●] | |
Schedule II
ISSUER FREE WRITING PROSPECTUSES:
None
Schedule III
WRITTEN TESTING-THE-WATERS COMMUNICATIONS:
None.
Schedule IV
| 1. | The initial public offering price per share of Common Stock shall be $[●]. |
| 2. | The Company is selling [●]
shares of Common Stock. |
| 3. | The Company has granted an option to the Underwriters, severally and not jointly, to purchase up to an additional [●] shares
of Common Stock. |
Schedule V
MATERIAL SUBSIDIARIES:
Mesa Cobre Holding Corporation
Computational Geosciences Inc.
Tintic Copper & Gold Inc
IE Montana Holdings Corp.
Geo27, Inc.
Ivanhoe Electric (BVI) Inc.
VRB Energy Inc.
IVNE Ivory Coast Inc.
EXHIBIT A
Execution Copy
June ____, 2022
BMO Capital Markets Corp.
Jefferies LLC
As Representatives of the
Several Underwriters
c/o BMO Capital Markets Corp.
151 W 42nd St.
New York, New York 10036
Jefferies LLC
520 Madison Avenue
New York, New York 10022
Ladies and Gentlemen:
In consideration of the agreement
of the several underwriters (the “Underwriters”), for which BMO Capital Markets Corp. and Jefferies LLC intend to act
as Representatives, to underwrite a proposed public offering (the “Offering”) of shares of common stock, par value
$0.0001 per share (the “Stock”), of Ivanhoe Electric Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”),
the undersigned hereby irrevocably agrees that the undersigned shall not, for a period (the “Lock-Up Period”) beginning
on the date of this Lock-Up Agreement and ending 180 days after the date of the final prospectus for the Offering, without the prior written
consent of the Representatives (which consent may be withheld in their sole discretion), (1) offer, sell, pledge, contract to sell,
sell any option or contract to purchase, purchase any option or contract to sell, grant any option, right or warrant to purchase, lend,
or otherwise transfer or dispose of (or enter into any transaction which is designed to, or might reasonably be expected to, result in
the disposition), or require the Company to file with the Securities and Exchange Commission a registration statement under the Securities
Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), to register, or a prospectus with securities commissions or other securities
regulatory authorities in any provinces or territories of Canada in respect of, any shares of Stock or any securities convertible into
or exercisable or exchangeable for Stock or warrants or other rights to acquire shares of Stock of which the undersigned is now, or may
in the future become, the beneficial owner (within the meaning of Rule 13d-3 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended
(the “Exchange Act”)) (such shares, securities, warrants or rights collectively, the “Restricted Securities”),
(2) enter into any swap or other derivatives transaction that transfers to another, in whole or in part, directly or indirectly,
any of the economic benefits or risks of ownership of such Restricted Securities, whether any such transaction described in clause (1) or
(2) above is to be settled by delivery of Stock or other securities, in cash or otherwise, or (3) publicly disclose the intention
to enter into any transaction described in clause (1) or (2) above. The undersigned also agrees and consents to the entry of
stop transfer instructions with the Company’s transfer agent and registrar against the transfer of Restricted Securities owned either
of record or beneficially by the undersigned except in compliance with the foregoing restrictions. Any securities of the Company acquired
by the undersigned in the Offering (including, without limitation, in any issuer-directed share program) will also be Restricted Securities
subject to this Lock-Up Agreement.
The foregoing restrictions
shall not apply to: (i) transfers of Restricted Securities as a bona fide gift or gifts by the undersigned; (ii) transfers
or dispositions of Restricted Securities to any trust for the direct or indirect benefit of the undersigned or any member of the immediate
family of the undersigned; (iii) transfers or dispositions of Restricted Securities to any of the undersigned’s affiliates
(within the meaning set forth in Rule 405 under the Securities Act), limited partners, general partners, limited liability company
members or stockholders; (iv) transfers of Restricted Securities by will, other testamentary document or intestate succession to
the legal representative, heir, beneficiary or a member of the immediate family of the undersigned; (v) transfers or dispositions
of shares of Stock acquired by the undersigned in open market purchases after the completion of the Offering; (vi) entry by the undersigned
into any trading plan established pursuant to Rule 10b5-1 under the Exchange Act; (vii) the exercise of stock options granted
pursuant to the Company’s equity incentive plans (including by “net” or “cashless exercise”) or warrants
that are described in the Prospectus; provided that such restrictions shall apply to any of the undersigned’s Restricted
Securities issued upon such exercise; (viii) the transfer of shares of Restricted Securities from the undersigned to the Company
(or the purchase and cancellation of same by the Company) upon a vesting event of the Company’s securities or upon the exercise
of options to purchase shares of Stock of the Company by the undersigned, in each case on a “cashless” or “net exercise”
basis, or to cover tax withholding obligations of the undersigned in connection with such vesting or exercise; provided that any public
filing or public announcement under Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act, reporting a reduction in beneficial ownership of shares
of Stock of the Company, or otherwise, required or voluntarily made during the Lock-Up Period shall clearly indicate in the footnotes
thereto or comments section thereof that such transfer was made pursuant to the circumstances described in this clause; (ix) transfers
of Stock or any securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for Stock pursuant to a bona fide third-party tender offer,
merger, consolidation or other similar transaction made to all holders of the Company’s capital stock involving a Change of Control
of the Company, provided that in the event that such tender offer, merger, consolidation or other such transaction is not completed,
the undersigned’s Restricted Securities shall remain subject to the restrictions contained in this Lock-Up Agreement; or (x) transfers
of Stock or any securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for Stock by operation of law to a spouse, former spouse, domestic
partner, former domestic partner, child or other dependent pursuant to a qualified domestic order or in connection with a divorce settlement;
provided that any public filing or public announcement under Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act, reporting a reduction
in beneficial ownership of shares of Stock of the Company, or otherwise, required or voluntarily made during the Lock-Up Period shall
clearly indicate in the footnotes thereto or comments section thereof that such transfer was made pursuant to the circumstances described
in this clause; provided, however, that (a) in the case of (i), (ii), (iii), (iv) or (x) above, it shall be a condition
to the transfer or disposition that the donee, trustee, heir, distributee or other transferee, as the case may be, agrees to be bound
in writing to the restrictions set forth herein during the Lock-Up Period; (b) any transfer or disposition pursuant to (i), (ii),
(iii) or (iv) above shall not involve a disposition for value; (c) in the case of a transfer or distribution pursuant to
(i), (ii), (iii) or (v) above, no filing by the undersigned or any other party under the Exchange Act or any of the securities
laws (including rules, regulations, policy statements or other such instruments or rulings) of each of the provinces and territories of
Canada (collectively, “Canadian Securities Laws”) or other public announcement shall be required or made voluntarily
during the Lock-Up Period in connection with such transfer or distribution (other than a filing on a Form 5 made after the expiration
of the Lock-Up Period or any filing required under Section 13 under the Exchange Act after the expiration of the Lock-Up Period if
the undersigned is not an officer or director of the Company, so long as such required filing includes a reasonably detailed explanation
of such transfer or distribution); and (d) in the case of (vi) above, such trading plan does not provide for any sales or other
dispositions of Restricted Securities during the Lock-Up Period and no public announcement or filing under the Exchange Act or otherwise
is made by or on behalf of the undersigned or the Company regarding the establishment of, or sales under, such plan during the Lock-Up
Period. For the purposes of this Lock-Up Agreement, “immediate family” shall mean any relationship by blood, marriage, domestic
partnership or adoption, not more remote than first cousin. For purposes of clause (ix) of this paragraph, “Change of Control”
shall mean the transfer (whether by tender offer, merger, consolidation or other similar transaction), after the closing of this Offering,
to a person or group of affiliated persons, of the Company’s voting securities if, after such transfer, such person or group of
affiliated persons would hold shares having more than 50% of the voting power of all outstanding voting shares of the Company (or the
surviving entity).
If the undersigned is or,
prior to the end of the Lock-Up Period, becomes an officer or director of the Company, the undersigned further agrees that the foregoing
restrictions shall be equally applicable to any issuer-directed shares of Stock the undersigned may purchase in the Offering.
If the undersigned is an officer
or director of the Company, (i) the Representatives agree that, at least three business days before the effective date of any release
or waiver of the foregoing restrictions in connection with a transfer of Restricted Securities, the Representatives will notify the Company
of the impending release or waiver, and (ii) the Company will agree in the underwriting agreement relating to the Offering (the “Underwriting
Agreement”) to announce the impending release or waiver by press release through a major news service at least two business
days before the effective date of the release or waiver. Any release or waiver granted by the Representatives hereunder to any such officer
or director shall only be effective two business days after the publication date of such press release. The provisions of this paragraph
will not apply if (a) the release or waiver is effected solely to permit a transfer not for consideration and (b) the transferee
has agreed in writing to be bound by the same terms described in this Lock-Up Agreement to the extent and for the duration that such terms
remain in effect at the time of the transfer.
With respect to the Offering
only, the undersigned waives any registration rights relating to registration under the Securities Act or Canadian Securities Laws of
any shares of Stock owned either of record or beneficially by the undersigned, including rights to receive notice of the Offering. In
addition, the undersigned hereby irrevocably waives any and all rights to any antidilution adjustments, preemptive rights, participation
rights, resale rights, rights of first refusal and similar rights that the undersigned may have in connection with the Offering, except
for any such rights as have been heretofore duly exercised. For the avoidance of doubt, such waiver of antidilution adjustments shall
not affect or otherwise prevent the application of any share consolidation effected by the Company in connection with the Offering.
This Lock-Up Agreement shall
automatically terminate and become null and void (i) at such time as the Representatives, on the one hand, or the Company, on the
other hand, advises the other in writing, prior to the execution of the Underwriting Agreement, that it has determined not to proceed
with the Offering, (ii) upon the termination of the Underwriting Agreement before the closing of the Offering, or (iii) on September 30,
2022, if the Offering shall not have closed by such date; provided, however, that the Representatives or the Company may,
by written notice to the undersigned prior to such date, extend such date for a period of up to 30 additional days.
The undersigned hereby represents
and warrants that the undersigned has full power and authority to enter into this Lock-Up Agreement. All authority herein conferred or
agreed to be conferred and any obligations of the undersigned shall be binding upon the successors, assigns, heirs or personal representatives
of the undersigned. The undersigned understands that the Underwriters are entering into the Underwriting Agreement and proceeding with
the Offering in reliance upon this Lock-Up Agreement.
The undersigned acknowledges
and agrees that the Underwriters have not provided any recommendation or investment advice nor have the Underwriters solicited any action
from the undersigned with respect to the Offering and the undersigned has consulted their own legal, accounting, financial, regulatory
and tax advisors to the extent deemed appropriate. The undersigned further acknowledges and agrees that, although the Underwriters may
provide certain Regulation Best Interest and Form CRS disclosures or other related documentation to the undersigned in connection
with the Offering, the Underwriters are not making a recommendation to the undersigned to participate in the Offering or sell any Shares
at the price determined in the Offering, and nothing set forth in such disclosures or documentation is intended to suggest that any Underwriter
is making such a recommendation.
[Remainder of page intentionally left blank]
This Lock-Up Agreement and
any claim, controversy or dispute arising under or related to this Lock-Up Agreement shall be governed by and construed in accordance
with the laws of the State of New York applicable to agreements made and to be performed entirely within such state.
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Very truly yours, |
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Name of Officer, Director or Security Holder |
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(Print exact name) |
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By: |
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Signature |
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If not signing in an individual capacity: |
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Name of Authorized Signatory (Print) |
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Title of Authorized Signatory (Print) |
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(indicate capacity of person signing if signing as custodian, trustee, or on behalf of an entity) |
EXHIBIT B
Form of Press Release
Ivanhoe Electric Inc.
606 – 999 Canada Place
Vancouver, BC V6C 3E1
Canada
[Date]
Ivanhoe Electric Inc. (the “Company”)
announced today that BMO Capital Markets Corp. and Jefferies LLC, the lead book-running managers in the Company’s recent public
sale of shares of common stock, is [waiving][releasing] a lock-up restriction with respect to [●] shares of the Company’s
common stock held by [certain officers or directors][an officer or director] of the Company. The [waiver][release] will take effect on
[●], and the shares may be sold on or after such date.
This press release is not an offer for sale of the securities in
the United States or in any other jurisdiction where such offer is prohibited, and such securities may not be offered or sold in the United
States absent registration or an exemption from registration under the United States Securities Act of 1933, as amended.
EXHIBIT C
Form of Opinion of
U.S. Counsel to the Company
1. The
Company is a corporation validly existing and in good standing under the laws of the State of Delaware and has full corporate power and
authority to conduct its business as described in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus.
2. The
Shares have been duly authorized by the Company and, when issued and delivered against payment therefore in accordance with the Underwriting
Agreement, will be validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable, and the issuance of the Shares will not be subject to any preemptive
or similar rights under the (i) Delaware General Corporation Law, (ii) the certificate of incorporation or by-laws of the Company,
or (iii) any agreement listed on Schedule I to such opinion.
3. No
consent, approval, authorization or order of, or other action by, or notice or filing with, any United States Federal or New York State
governmental authority or regulatory body is required in connection with the authorization, issuance, transfer, sale or delivery of the
Shares by the Company, in connection with the due execution and delivery by the Company of the Underwriting Agreement or the performance
by the Company of its obligations thereunder, except as have been obtained under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and as may be
required under state securities or “Blue Sky” laws in connection with the offer and sale by the Underwriters of the Shares.
4. The
statements made in each of the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus under the caption “Description
of Capital Stock,” insofar as they constitute summaries of the terms of the capital stock of the Company, constitute accurate summaries
of such terms of such capital stock in all material respects.
5. The
statements made in each of the Registration Statement, Time of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus under the caption “U.S. Federal
Tax Considerations for Non-U.S. Holders of Common Stock,” insofar as such statements constitute summaries of United States federal
law and regulations or legal conclusions with respect thereto, constitute accurate summaries of the matters described therein in all material
respects.
6. The
Company has full corporate power and authority to enter into and perform the obligations under the Agreement, and the Agreement has been
duly authorized, executed and delivered by the Company.
7. The
execution and delivery by the Company of the Agreement does not, and the performance by the Company of its obligations thereunder do not
and will not (i) violate the certificate of incorporation or by-laws of the Company, (ii) result in a breach or default under
any agreements or instruments set forth in Schedule [B] to such opinion or (iii) result in a violation under federal laws of the
United States (other than any federal securities laws), the law of the State of New York law or the Delaware General Corporation Law.
8. The
Company is not, and, after giving effect to the issuance and sale by the Company of the Shares and the application of the proceeds therefrom
as described in the Time of Sale Prospectus, will not be required to register as an “investment company” within the meaning
of and subject to regulation under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended.
9. The
Registration Statement has become effective under the Act and no order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement has
been issued and no proceeding for that purpose has been instituted or is pending or, to the knowledge of such counsel, threatened.
In connection with the offering
of the Shares, we participated in conferences with certain officers or employees of the Company, representatives of Deloitte LLP, independent
registered public accounting firm of the Company, you and your representatives in the course of the preparation by the Company of the
Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus. We have not independently verified factual matters and do not
assume any responsibility for the accuracy, completeness or fairness of any of the statements made in the Registration Statement, the
Time of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus, except as set forth in paragraph [ ] of our opinion addressed to you, dated the date hereof.
Subject to the limitations
set forth in the immediately preceding paragraph, and based upon our review of the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus
and the Prospectus, and our participation in the conferences referred to above (i) we advise you that each of the Registration Statement,
as of the date it became effective under the Securities Act, the Time of Sale Prospectus, as of the Applicable Time, and the Prospectus,
as of its date, appeared, on its face, to be appropriately responsive, in all material respects, to the requirements of the Securities
Act and the applicable rules and regulations of the Commission thereunder, except that in each case, we express no view with respect
to the financial statements or other financial or accounting data contained in or omitted from the Registration Statement, the Time of
Sale Prospectus or the Prospectus or any information contained in or derived from or omitted from any technical report filed as an exhibit
to the Registration Statement or referred to in the Registration Statement, Time of Sale Prospectus or the Prospectus (“Technical
Information”), and (ii) nothing has come to our attention that caused us to believe that (a) the Registration Statement,
as of the time it became effective under the Securities Act, contained any untrue statement of a material fact or omitted to state any
material fact required to be stated therein or necessary in order to make the statements therein not misleading, (b) the Pricing
Disclosure Package, as of [time] ([time zone] time) on [date], being the Applicable Time specified in the Underwriting Agreement, contained
any untrue statement of a material fact or omitted to state any material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the
light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading or (c) the Prospectus, as of its date or as of the date hereof,
contained or contains any untrue statement of a material fact or omitted or omits to state any material fact necessary in order to make
the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading, except that we express no belief
in any of clauses (a), (b) or (c) above with respect to the financial statements or other financial or accounting data, or Technical
Information contained in or omitted from the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package or the Prospectus.
EXHIBIT D
Form of Opinion of
Canadian Counsel to the Company
1. All
necessary documents have been filed, all requisite proceedings have been taken and all necessary approvals, permits, consents and authorizations
have been obtained by the Company under Canadian Securities Laws to qualify the distribution of the Shares, including the Option Shares:
(i) to the public in each of the provinces and territories of Canada (the “Qualifying Jurisdictions”) through
registrants registered under the Canadian Securities Laws of the Qualifying Jurisdictions who have complied with the relevant provisions
of Canadian Securities Laws; and (ii) to such registrants purchasing as principals.
2. No
authorization, consent or approval of, or filing, registration, permit, license, decree, qualification or recording with, any government,
governmental instrumentality, authority, agency or court having jurisdiction over the Company in the Qualifying Jurisdictions is required
for the performance by the Company of its obligations under the Agreement, other than those that have been obtained or made prior to the
closing of the Offering.
3. The
Transfer Agent has been duly appointed as transfer agent and registrar for the common shares of the Company.
4. Subject
to the qualifications, assumptions, limitations and restrictions referred to in the section of the Prospectuses titled “Canadian
Federal Income Tax Consequences for Canadian Holders”, the statements made therein are an accurate summary of the principal Canadian
federal income tax considerations generally applicable under the Income Tax Act (Canada) to a holder of Shares described therein who acquires
such Shares pursuant to the Offering.
5. The
statements under the heading of the Prospectuses titled “Eligibility for Investment” are accurate, subject to the assumptions,
qualifications, limitations and restrictions set out therein.
