An offering statement pursuant to Regulation A relating to these securities has been filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission. Information contained in this Preliminary Offering Circular is subject to completion or amendment. These securities may not be sold nor may offers to buy be accepted before the offering statement filed with the Commission is qualified. This Preliminary Offering Circular shall not constitute an offer to sell or the solicitation of an offer to buy nor may there be any sales of these securities in any state in which such offer, solicitation or sale would be unlawful before registration or qualification under the laws of any such state. We may elect to satisfy our obligation to deliver a Final Offering Circular by sending you a notice within two business days after the completion of our sale to you that contains the URL where the Final Offering Circular or the offering statement in which such Final Offering Circular was filed may be obtained.

By this offering circular (the “Offering Circular”), Cyngn Inc., a Delaware corporation, is offering on a “best-efforts” basis a maximum of 3,125,000 shares of its common stock, par value $0.00001 per share (the “Offered Shares”), at a fixed price of $6.00 to $8.00 per share (to be fixed by post-qualification supplement), pursuant to Tier 2 of Regulation A of the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”).

We are also offering the opportunity to purchase, if the purchaser so chooses and in lieu of Offered Shares, up to 3,125,000 pre-funded warrants (the “Pre-Funded Warrants” and, together with the Offered Shares, the “Securities”) to purchasers whose purchase of Offered Shares in this offering would otherwise result in the purchaser, together with its affiliates and certain related parties, beneficially owning more than 4.99% (or, at the election of the purchaser, 9.99%) of our outstanding common stock immediately following the closing. Each Pre-Funded Warrant will be exercisable for one share of our common stock. The purchase price of each Pre-Funded Warrant is equal to the price per Share being sold to the public in this offering, minus $0.01, and the exercise price of each Pre-Funded Warrant is $0.01 per share. The Pre-Funded Warrants will be immediately exercisable and may be exercised at any time until all of the Pre-Funded Warrants are exercised in full.

For each Pre-Funded Warrant we sell, the number of Offered Shares we are offering will be decreased on a one-for-one basis. Unless otherwise stated herein, we are using an assumed offering price of $8.00 (the upper end of the range) per Offered Share and an offering price of $7.99 per Pre-Funded Warrant. There is no trading market for the Pre-Funded Warrants and we do not intend to apply to have the Pre-Funded Warrants listed on any securities exchange or quoted on any inter-dealer quotation system. This offering also relates to the shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of the Pre-Funded Warrants.

This offering is being conducted on a “best-efforts” basis, which means that there is no minimum number of Securities that must be sold by us for this offering to close; thus, we may receive no or minimal proceeds from this offering. There is also no minimum purchase requirement for investors in this offering. We have the right to review and accept or reject subscriptions in whole or in part, for any reason or for no reason. None of the proceeds received will be placed in an escrow or trust account. All proceeds from this offering will become immediately available to us and may be used as they are accepted. Purchasers of the Securities will not be entitled to a refund and could lose their entire investments. Please see the “Risk Factors” section, beginning on page 7, for a discussion of the risks associated with a purchase of the Securities.

We estimate that this offering will commence within two days of SEC qualification; this offering will terminate at the earliest of (a) the date on which the maximum offering has been sold, (b) one year from the date of SEC qualification, or (c) the date on which this offering is earlier terminated by us, in our sole discretion. (See “Plan of Distribution”).

Our common stock is listed on The Nasdaq Capital Market (“Nasdaq”), under the symbol “CYN.” On August 14, 2024, the last reported sale price of our common stock was $4.57 per share.

Investing in the Securities is speculative and involves substantial risks. You should purchase Securities only if you can afford a complete loss of your investment. See “Risk Factors”, beginning on page 7, for a discussion of certain risks that you should consider before purchasing any of the Securities.

THE UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION DOES NOT PASS UPON THE MERITS OF, OR GIVE ITS APPROVAL TO, ANY SECURITIES OFFERED OR THE TERMS OF THE OFFERING, NOR DOES IT PASS UPON THE ACCURACY OR COMPLETENESS OF ANY OFFERING CIRCULAR OR OTHER SOLICITATION MATERIALS. THESE SECURITIES ARE OFFERED PURSUANT TO AN EXEMPTION FROM REGISTRATION WITH THE COMMISSION; HOWEVER, THE COMMISSION HAS NOT MADE AN INDEPENDENT DETERMINATION THAT THE SECURITIES OFFERED ARE EXEMPT FROM REGISTRATION.

The use of projections or forecasts in this offering is prohibited. No person is permitted to make any oral or written predictions about the benefits you will receive from an investment in Securities.

No sale may be made to you in this offering, if you do not satisfy the investor suitability standards described in this Offering Circular under “Plan of Distribution—State Law Exemption and Offerings to “Qualified Purchasers” on page 16. Before making any representation that you satisfy the established investor suitability standards, we encourage you to review Rule 251(d)(2)(i)(C) of Regulation A. For general information on investing, we encourage you to refer to www.investor.gov.

This Offering Circular follows the disclosure format of Form S-1, pursuant to the General Instructions of Part II(a)(1)(ii) of Form 1-A.

The information contained in this Offering Circular includes some statements that are not historical and that are considered forward-looking statements. Such forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements regarding our development plans for our business; our strategies and business outlook; anticipated development of our company; and various other matters (including contingent liabilities and obligations and changes in accounting policies, standards and interpretations). These forward-looking statements express our expectations, hopes, beliefs and intentions regarding the future. In addition, without limiting the foregoing, any statements that refer to projections, forecasts or other characterizations of future events or circumstances, including any underlying assumptions, are forward-looking statements. The words “anticipates,” “believes,” “continue,” “could,” “estimates,” “expects,” “intends,” “may,” “might,” “plans,” “possible,” “potential,” “predicts,” “projects,” “seeks,” “should,” “will,” “would” and similar expressions and variations, or comparable terminology, or the negatives of any of the foregoing, may identify forward-looking statements, but the absence of these words does not mean that a statement is not forward-looking.

The forward-looking statements contained in this Offering Circular are based on current expectations and beliefs concerning future developments that are difficult to predict. We cannot guarantee future performance, or that future developments affecting our company will be as currently anticipated. These forward-looking statements involve a number of risks, uncertainties (some of which are beyond our control) or other assumptions that may cause actual results or performance to be materially different from those expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements.

All forward-looking statements attributable to us are expressly qualified in their entirety by these risks and uncertainties. These risks and uncertainties, along with others, are also described below in the section entitled “Risk Factors”. Should one or more of these risks or uncertainties materialize, or should any of our assumptions prove incorrect, actual results may vary in material respects from those projected in these forward-looking statements. You should not place undue reliance on any forward-looking statements and should not make an investment decision based solely on these forward-looking statements. We undertake no obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as may be required under applicable securities laws.

OFFERING CIRCULAR SUMMARY

The following summary highlights material information contained in this Offering Circular. This summary does not contain all of the information you should consider before purchasing our securities. Before making an investment decision, you should read this Offering Circular carefully, including the section entitled “Risk Factors” and the consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto. Cyngn Inc. and its subsidiaries are referred to herein as “Cyngn,” “the Company,” “we,” “us” and “our,” unless the context indicates otherwise.

Unless otherwise expressly provided herein, all share and per share numbers set forth herein relating to our common stock have been adjusted to give effect to a reverse stock split of our common stock in a ratio of 1-for-100 effected on July 3, 2024.

Overview

We are an autonomous vehicle (“AV”) technology company that is focused on addressing industrial uses for autonomous vehicles. We believe that technological innovation is needed to enable adoption of autonomous industrial vehicles that will address the substantial industry challenges that exist today. These challenges include labor shortages, high labor costs and work safety.

We integrate our full-stack autonomous driving software, DriveMod, onto vehicles manufactured by Original Equipment Manufacturers (“OEM”) either via retrofit of existing vehicles or by integration directly into vehicle assembly. We design the Enterprise Autonomy Suite (“EAS”) to be compatible with sensors and components from leading hardware technology providers and integrate our proprietary AV software to produce differentiated autonomous vehicles.

Autonomous driving has common technological building blocks that remain similar across vehicles and applications. By tapping into these building blocks, DriveMod is designed to deliver autonomy to new vehicles via streamlined hardware/software integration. This vehicle-agnostic approach enables DriveMod to expand to new vehicles and novel operational design domains (“ODD”). In short, nearly every industrial vehicle, regardless of use case, can move autonomously using our technology.

Our approach accomplishes several primary value propositions:

	1.	Provide autonomous capabilities to industrial vehicles built by established manufacturers that are already trusted by customers.

	2.	Generate continual customer value by leveraging the synergistic relationship of autonomous vehicles and data.

	3.	Develop consistent autonomous vehicle operation and user interfaces for diverse vehicle fleets.

	4.	Complement the core competencies of existing industry players by introducing the leading-edge technologies like Artificial Intelligence (“AI”) and Machine Learning (“ML”), cloud/connectivity, sensor fusion, high-definition mapping, and real-time dynamic path planning and decision making.

We believe our market positioning as a technology partner to vehicle manufacturers creates a synergy with incumbent suppliers that already have established sales, distribution, and service/maintenance channels. By focusing on industrial use cases and partnering with the incumbent OEMs in these markets, we believe we can source and execute revenue-generating opportunities more quickly.

Our long-term vision is for EAS to become a universal autonomous driving solution with minimal marginal cost for companies to adopt new vehicles and expand their autonomous fleets across new deployments. We have already deployed DriveMod software on more than ten different vehicle form factors that range from stockchasers and stand-on floor scrubbers to 14-seat shuttles and electric forklifts as part of prototypes and proof of concept projects, demonstrating the extensibility of our AV building blocks.

Our recent progress contributes to the validation of EAS with OEM partners and end customers. We also continue to build upon our ability to scale our products and generate novel technological developments. The DriveMod Stockchaser became commercially available in early 2023 starting with the deployment from our partner-customer US Continental, a California-based leading manufacturer of quality leather and fabric care products. We also launched the DriveMod Forklift and the DriveMod Tugger as we expand our vehicle-type portfolio fleet through our OEM partnership with BYD and Motrec, respectively.

We secured paid projects with leading global customers like Arauco, along with additional projects from big brands in the Global 500 and the Fortune 100. Our patent portfolio expanded with 16 new U.S. patent grants in 2023, bringing the total grants to 19.

Our Products

EAS is a suite of technology and tools that consists of three complementary categories: DriveMod, Cyngn Insight, and Cyngn Evolve.

DriveMod: Industrial Autonomous Vehicle System

We built DriveMod as a modular software product that is compatible with various sensor and computer hardware components that are widely used throughout the autonomous vehicle industry. Our software combined with sensors and components from industry leading technology providers covers the end-to-end requirements that enable vehicles to operate autonomously with leading-edge technology. The modularity of DriveMod allows our AV technology to be compatible across vehicle platforms as well as indoor and outdoor environments. DriveMod can be retrofitted to existing vehicle assets or integrated into a manufacturing partner’s vehicles at assembly, providing accessible options for our customers to integrate leading-edge technology whether their AV adoption strategies are evolutionary or revolutionary.

The core vehicle-agnostic DriveMod software stack is targeted and deployed to different vehicles through DriveMod Kits, which are the AV hardware systems that take into account the specific needs of operating the DriveMod software on a specific target vehicle. Then, after prototyping and productization, DriveMod kits streamline the integration AV hardware and software integration onto vehicles at scale. The DriveMod Kit for Columbia Stockchasers is commercially released and available at scale. Subsequently, we expect to create different instances of DriveMod Kits to support the commercial release of new vehicles on the EAS platform, such as the electric forklifts and other industrial vehicles.

Figure 1: Overview of Cyngn’s autonomous vehicle technology (DriveMod)

DriveMod’s flexibility combines with our network of manufacturing and service partners to support customers at different stages of autonomous technology integration. This allows customers to grow the complexity and scope of their industrial autonomy deployments as their business transforms while continually capturing returns throughout their transition to full autonomy. EAS will also grant customers access to over-the-air software upgrades, ad hoc customer support, and flexible consumption based on usage and scale of operations. By lessening both the commercial and technical burdens of traditional vehicle automation and industrial robotics investments, industrial AVs can become universally available to the market, even reaching small and medium-sized businesses that may otherwise struggle to adopt Industry 4.0 and 5.0 technology.

Cyngn Insight: Intelligent Control Center

Cyngn Insight is the customer-facing tool suite for managing AV fleets and aggregating data to extract business insights. Analytics dashboards surface data about the system’s status, vehicle telemetry, and performance metrics. Cyngn Insight also provides tools to switch between autonomous, manual, and remote operation when required. This flexibility allows customers to use the autonomous capabilities of the system in a way that is tailored to their own operational environment. Customers can choose when to operate their DriveMod-powered vehicles autonomously and when to have human operators operate the vehicles manually or remotely based on their own business needs. When combined, these capabilities and tools make up the Cyngn Insight intelligent control center that enables flexible fleet management from any location.

Cyngn Insight’s tool suite includes configurable cloud dashboards that aggregate diverse data streams at several levels of granularity (i.e., site, fleet, vehicle, module, and component). We can collect data during “open loop” vehicle operation, meaning that the vehicles can be operated manually while still collecting the rich data enabled by the advanced on-vehicle sensors and computers. Data can be used for predictive maintenance, operational improvements, educating employees on digital transformation and more.

Cyngn Evolve: Data Optimization Tools

Cyngn Evolve is our internal tool suite that underpins the relationship between AVs and data. Through a unifying cloud-based data infrastructure, our proprietary data tools strengthen the positive network effects derived from the valuable new data created by AVs. Cyngn Evolve and its data pipelines facilitate AI/ML training and deployment, manage data sets, and support driving simulation and grading to test and validate new DriveMod releases, using both real-world and simulated data.

Figure 2: The Cyngn “AnyDrive” simulation is part of the Cyngn Evolve toolchain. The simulation environment creates a digital version of the physical world. This allows for customer data sets to be leveraged and augmented to achieve testing and validation prior to releasing new AV features.

As AV technology expertise matures globally, there may be opportunities to monetize the sophisticated AV-centric tools of Cyngn Evolve. Currently, we believe that AV development is confined to small groups of experts. Therefore, Cyngn Evolve is currently an internal EAS tool that we use to advance DriveMod and Cyngn Insight, our customer-facing EAS products.

Intellectual Property Portfolio

Our ability to drive impact and growth within the autonomous industrial vehicle market largely depends on our ability to obtain, maintain, and protect our intellectual property and all other property rights related to our products and technology. To accomplish this, we utilize a combination of patents, trademarks, copyrights, and trade secrets as well as employee and third-party non-disclosure agreements, licenses, and other contractual obligations. In addition to protecting our intellectual property and other assets, our success also depends on our ability to develop our technology and operate without infringing, misappropriating, or otherwise violating the intellectual property and property rights of third parties, customers, and partners.

Our software stack has over 30 subsystems, including those designed for perception, mapping & localization, decision making, planning, and control. As of the date of this Offering Circular, we have 19 granted U.S. patents and submitted 6 pending U.S. patent and 20 international patent applications and expect to continue to file additional patent applications with respect to our technology in the future.

Our Corporate Information

The Company was originally incorporated in the State of Delaware on February 1, 2013, under the name Cyanogen, Inc. or Cyanogen. The Company started as a venture funded company with offices in Seattle and Palo Alto, aimed at commercializing CyanogenMod, direct to consumer and through collaborations with mobile phone manufacturers. CyanogenMod was an open-source operating system for mobile devices, based on the Android mobile platform. Cyanogen released multiple versions of its mobile operating system and collaborated with an ecosystem of companies including mobile phone OEMs, content providers and leading technology partners from 2013 to 2015.

In 2016 the Company’s management and board of directors, determined to pivot its product focus and commercial direction from the mobile device and telecom space to industrial and commercial autonomous driving with the hiring of Lior Tal in June 2016 to serve as the company’s chief operating officer. Mr. Tal, a seasoned executive of startup firms where prior to joining the company, co-founded Snaptu which later was acquired by Facebook (currently known as Meta Platforms, Inc.), as well as held various leadership roles at Actimize, DiskSites and Odigo; all of these companies which were also later acquired. Mr. Tal was promoted to chief executive officer in October 2016 and continues to serve in this role along with chairman of the board. In May 2017, the Company changed its name to CYNGN Inc.

Available Information

Our principal business address is 1015 O’Brien Dr., Menlo Park, CA 94025, and our telephone number is (650) 924-5905. We maintain our corporate website at https://cyngn.com (this website address is not intended to function as a hyperlink and the information contained on our website is not intended to be a part of this Offering Circular). Information on our website does not constitute a part of, nor is it incorporated in any way, into this Offering Circular and should not be relied upon in connection with making an investment decision. We make available free of charge on https://investors.cyngn.com/ our annual, quarterly, and current reports, and amendments to those reports if any, as soon as reasonably practical after we electronically file such material with, or furnish it to, the SEC. We may from time to time provide important disclosures to investors by posting them in the Investor Relations section of our website.

Our common stock is quoted on the Nasdaq under the symbol “CYN”. We file annual, quarterly, and current reports, proxy statements and other information with the U.S. Securities Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) and are subject to the requirements of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the Exchange Act). These filings are available to the public on the Internet at the SEC’s website at http://www.sec.gov.

Offering Summary

Securities Offered		The Offered Shares, 3,125,000 shares of common stock, are being offered by the Company in a “best-efforts” offering (assuming the offering is priced at the upper end of the range).

		We are also offering the opportunity to purchase, if the purchaser so chooses and in lieu of Offered Shares, up to 3,125,000 Pre-Funded Warrants to purchasers whose purchase of shares in this offering would otherwise result in the purchaser, together with its affiliates and certain related parties, beneficially owning more than 4.99% (or, at the election of the purchaser, 9.99%) of our outstanding common stock immediately after purchase.

		The Pre-Funded Warrants will be exercisable immediately and may be exercised at any time until all of the Pre-Funded Warrants are exercised in full. For each Pre-Funded Warrant we sell, the number of Shares we are offering will be decreased on a one-for-one basis.

Offering Price Per Share		$6.00 to $8.00 per Offered Share (to be fixed by post-qualification supplement).

Shares Outstanding Before This Offering		2,026,533 shares of common stock issued and outstanding as of August 12, 2024.

Shares Outstanding After This Offering

5,151,533 shares of common stock issued and outstanding, assuming all of the Offered Shares are sold in this offering and no Pre-Funded Warrants are sold. The number of shares to be outstanding after this offering is based on 2,026,533 shares outstanding as of August 12, 2024 and excludes:

	●	165,149 shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of outstanding stock options with a weighted-average exercise price of $99.26 per share;

	●	2,526 shares of common stock issuable upon vesting of restricted stock unit awards with a weighted-average exercise of $0 per share;

	●	89,319 shares of common stock reserved for future issuance under our 2021 Equity Incentive Plan; and

	●	72,369 shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of warrants to purchase common stock with a weighted-average exercise price of $283.80 per share.

Minimum Number of Shares to Be Sold in This Offering		None

Investor Suitability Standards		The Securities are being offered and sold to “qualified purchasers” (as defined in Regulation A under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”). “Qualified purchasers” include any person to whom securities are offered or sold in a Tier 2 offering pursuant to Regulation A under the Securities Act.

Market for our Common Stock		Our common stock is listed on Nasdaq under the symbol “CYN.”

No Public Market for Pre-Funded Warrants		There is no public market for the Pre-Funded Warrants, and none is expected to develop. We do not intend to apply for the listing of the Pre-Funded Warrants offered in this offering on any stock exchange. Without an active trading market, the liquidity of the Pre-Funded Warrants will be limited. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Pre-Funded Warrants; There is no public market for the Pre-Funded Warrants.”

Termination of this Offering		This offering will terminate at the earliest of (a) the date on which all of the Offered Shares or Pre-Funded Warrants have been sold, (b) the date which is one year from this offering being qualified by the SEC and (c) the date on which this offering is earlier terminated by us, in our sole discretion. (See “Plan of Distribution”).

Use of Proceeds		We will use the proceeds of this offering for marketing and advertising expenses and general corporate purposes, including working capital. See “Use of Proceeds”.

Risk Factors		An investment in the Securities involves a high degree of risk and should not be purchased by investors who cannot afford the loss of their entire investments. You should carefully consider the information included in the Risk Factors section of this Offering Circular, as well as the other information contained in this Offering Circular, prior to making an investment decision regarding the Securities.

Continuing Reporting Requirements Under Regulation A

We are required to file periodic and other reports with the SEC, pursuant to the requirements of Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. Our continuing reporting obligations under Regulation A are deemed to be satisfied as long as we comply with our Section 13(a) reporting requirements.

An investment in the Securities involves substantial risks. You should carefully consider the following risks and all of the other information contained or incorporated by reference in this Offering Circular before deciding whether to invest in our securities, including the risks and uncertainties described below and under the caption “Risk Factors” in Items 1A in our most recently filed Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 7, 2024 and Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed with the SEC on August 8, 2024, in each case as these risk factors are amended or supplemented by subsequent Annual Reports on Form 10-K or Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q. The occurrence of any of the following risks and the Rish Factors incorporated herein by reference might cause you to lose a significant part of your investment. The risks and uncertainties discussed below are not the only ones we face, but do represent those risks and uncertainties that we believe are most significant to our business, operating results, prospects and financial condition. Some statements in this Offering Circular, including statements in the following risk factors, constitute forward-looking statements. See “Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements”.

We have incurred significant losses, have limited cash on hand and there is substantial doubt as to our ability to continue as a going concern.

The Company has incurred losses from operations since inception. The Company incurred net losses of approximately $11.8 million and $12.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. In addition, the Company had accumulated deficits of approximately $171.8 million and $160.0 million as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively, and net cash used in operating activities was $10.2 million for both six month periods ended June 30, 2024 and 2023. As of June 30, 2024, the Company’s unrestricted cash balance was $5.9 million, and its short-term investments balance was $1.1 million. Based on cash flow projections from operating and financing activities and the existing balance of cash and short-term investments, management is of the opinion that the Company has insufficient funds for sustainable operations, and it may not be able to meet its payment obligations from operations and related commitments, if the Company is not able to complete the required funding transactions to allow the Company to continue as a going concern. Based on these factors, the Company has substantial doubt that it will continue as a going concern for the next 12 months.

The Company’s plan to alleviate the going concern issue is to increase revenue while controlling operating costs and expenses and obtaining funds from outside sources of financing to generate positive financing cash flows. While management is optimistic about its ability to raise substantial funds to continue as a going concern for the next 12 months, there can be no assurance that any such measures will be successful. We currently do not generate substantial revenue from product sales. Accordingly, we expect to rely primarily on equity and/or debt financings to fund our continued operations. The Company’s ability to raise additional funds will depend, in part, on the success of our product development activities, and other events or conditions that may affect the share value or prospects, as well as factors related to financial, economic and market conditions, many of which are beyond our control. There can be no assurances that sufficient funds will be available to us when required or on acceptable terms, if at all. Accordingly, management has concluded that these plans do not alleviate substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. Our failure to achieve or maintain profitability could negatively impact the value of our common stock.

If we are not able to comply with the applicable continued listing requirements or standards of The NASDAQ Capital Market, The NASDAQ Capital Market could delist and adversely affect the market price and liquidity of our common stock.

Our common stock is currently traded on The NASDAQ Capital Market under the symbol “CYN”. We have in the past been, and may in the future be, unable to comply with certain of the listing standards that we are required to meet to maintain the listing of our common stock on The NASDAQ Capital Market. If we fail to meet any of the continued listing standards of The NASDAQ Capital Market, our common stock will be delisted from The NASDAQ Capital Market.

If you purchase Securities in this offering, the value of your shares based on our pro forma net tangible book value will immediately be less than the offering price you paid. This reduction in the value of your equity is known as dilution. At an assumed public offering price of $8.00 per share, which represents the upper end of the offering price range herein, and assumes no sale of any Pre-Funded Warrants, purchasers of common stock in this offering will experience immediate dilution of approximately $1.01 per share, representing the difference between the assumed public offering price per share in this offering and our as adjusted net tangible book value per share as of June 30, 2024, after giving effect to) this offering, and after deducting estimated offering expenses, including placement agent fees, payable by us. See “Dilution.”

You may experience future dilution as a result of future equity offerings or acquisitions.

In order to raise additional capital, we may in the future offer additional shares of our common stock or other securities convertible into or exchangeable for our common stock at prices that may not be the same as the price per share in this offering. We may sell shares or other securities in any future offering at a price per share that is less than the price per share paid by investors in this offering, and investors purchasing shares or other securities in the future could have rights superior to existing stockholders. The price per share at which we sell additional shares of our common stock, or securities convertible or exchangeable into our common stock, in future transactions or acquisitions may be higher or lower than the price per share paid by investors in this offering.

In addition, we may engage in one or more potential acquisitions in the future, which could involve issuing our common stock as some or all of the consideration payable by us to complete such acquisitions. If we issue common stock or securities linked to our common stock, the newly issued securities may have a dilutive effect on the interests of the holders of our common stock. Additionally, future sales of newly issued shares used to effect an acquisition could depress the market price of our common stock.

This is a “best efforts” offering; no minimum amount of Securities is required to be sold, and we may not raise the amount of capital we believe is required for our business.

There is no required minimum number of Securities that must be sold as a condition to completion of this offering. Because there is no minimum offering amount required as a condition to the closing of this offering, the actual offering amount, and proceeds to us are not presently determinable and may be substantially less than the maximum amounts set forth in this Offering Circular. We may sell fewer than all of the Securities offered hereby, which may significantly reduce the amount of proceeds received by us, and investors in this offering will not receive a refund in the event that we do not sell an amount of Securities sufficient to pursue the business goals outlined in this Offering Circular. Thus, we may not raise the amount of capital we believe is required for our business and may need to raise additional funds, which may not be available or available on terms acceptable to us. Despite this, any proceeds from the sale of the Securities offered by us will be available for our immediate use, and because there is no escrow account and no minimum offering amount in this offering, investors could be in a position where they have invested in us, but we are unable to fulfill our objectives due to a lack of interest in this offering.

Our management will have broad discretion over the use of the net proceeds from this offering.

We currently intend to use the net proceeds from the sale of Securities under this offering for marketing and advertising expenses and general corporate purposes, including working capital. We have not reserved or allocated specific amounts for any of these purposes and we cannot specify with certainty how we will use the net proceeds. See “Use of Proceeds”. Accordingly, our management will have considerable discretion in the application of the net proceeds, and you will not have the opportunity, as part of your investment decision, to assess whether the proceeds are being used appropriately. We may use the net proceeds for corporate purposes that do not increase our operating results or market value.

There is a limited market for our common stock that may make it more difficult to dispose of your stock.

Our common stock is currently listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “CYN”. There is a limited trading market for our common stock. Accordingly, there can be no assurance as to the liquidity of any markets that may develop for our common stock, the ability of holders of our common stock to sell shares of our common stock, or the prices at which holders may be able to sell their common stock.

Future sales of our common stock in the public market could cause the market price of our common stock to decline.

Sales of a substantial number of shares of our common stock in the public market, or the perception that these sales might occur, could depress the market price of our common stock and could impair our ability to raise capital through the sale of additional equity securities. Many of our existing equity holders have substantial unrecognized gains on the value of the equity they hold based upon the price of our initial public offering, and therefore, they may take steps to sell their shares or otherwise secure the unrecognized gains on those shares. We are unable to predict the timing of or the effect that such sales may have on the prevailing market price of our common stock.

Our stock price may be volatile, and the value of our common stock may decline.

The market price of our common stock may fluctuate or decline significantly in response to numerous factors, many of which are beyond our control, including:

Broad market and industry fluctuations, as well as general economic, political, regulatory and market conditions, may also negatively impact the market price of our common stock. In addition, technology stocks have historically experienced high levels of volatility. In the past, companies who have experienced volatility in the market price of their securities have been subject to securities class action litigation. We may be the target of this type of litigation in the future, which could result in substantial expenses and divert our management’s attention.

Future securities issuances could result in significant dilution to our stockholders and impair the market price of our common stock.

Future issuances of shares of our common stock could depress the market price of our common stock and result in dilution to existing holders of our common stock. Also, to the extent outstanding options and warrants to purchase our shares of our common stock are exercised or options or other equity-based awards are issued or become vested, there will be further dilution. The amount of dilution could be substantial depending upon the size of the issuances or exercises. Furthermore, we may issue additional equity securities that could have rights senior to those of our common stock.

We anticipate that we will need to raise additional capital, and our issuance of additional capital stock in connection with financings, acquisitions, investments, our equity incentive plans or otherwise will dilute all other stockholders.

We expect to issue additional capital stock in the future that will result in dilution to all other stockholders. We expect to grant equity awards to employees, directors and consultants under our equity incentive plans. We may also raise capital through equity financings in the future. As part of our business strategy, we may acquire or make investments in companies, products or technologies and issue equity securities to pay for any such acquisition or investment. We may not be able to obtain additional capital if and when needed on terms acceptable to us, or at all. Further, if we do raise additional capital, it may cause stockholders to experience significant dilution of their ownership interests and the per share value of our common stock to decline.

We do not intend to pay cash dividends for the foreseeable future and, as a result, your ability to achieve a return on your investment will depend on appreciation in the price of our common stock.

We have never declared or paid any cash dividends on our capital stock, and, subject to the discretionary dividend policy described in the section entitled “Dividend” of this Offering Circular, we do not intend to pay any cash dividends in the foreseeable future. On September 29, 2023, our board of directors declared a one-time special dividend of 10% on our issued and outstanding shares of our common stock to holders of record on October 23, 2023. Any determination to pay dividends in the future will be at the discretion of our board of directors. Accordingly, you may need to rely on sales of our common stock after price appreciation, which may never occur, as the only way to realize any future gains on your investment.

We are an “emerging growth company,” and we cannot be certain if the reduced reporting and disclosure requirements applicable to emerging growth companies will make our common stock less attractive to investors.

We are an “emerging-growth company,” as defined in the JOBS Act, and we have elected to take advantage of certain exemptions from various reporting requirements that are applicable to other public companies that are not “emerging growth companies,” including the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, or Section 404, reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in our periodic reports and proxy statements, and exemptions from the requirements of holding a nonbinding advisory vote on executive compensation and stockholder approval of any golden parachute payments not previously approved. Pursuant to Section 107 of the Jumpstart Our Business Startups (“JOBS”) Act, as an emerging growth company, we have elected to use the extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards until those standards would otherwise apply to private companies. As a result, our consolidated financial statements will not be comparable to the financial statements of issuers who are required to comply with the effective dates for new or revised accounting standards that are applicable to public companies, which may make our common stock less attractive to investors. In addition, if we cease to be an emerging growth company, we will no longer be able to use the extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards.

We will remain an emerging-growth company until the earliest of: (1) the last day of the fiscal year following the fifth anniversary of our initial public offering; (2) the last day of the first fiscal year in which our annual gross revenue is $1.07 billion or more; (3) the date on which we have, during the previous rolling three-year period, issued more than $1 billion in non-convertible debt securities; and (4) the date we qualify as a “large accelerated filer,” with at least $700 million of equity securities held by non-affiliates.

We cannot predict if investors will find our common stock less attractive as a result of choosing to rely on these exemptions. For example, if we do not adopt a new or revised accounting standard, our future results of operations will not be as comparable to the results of operations of certain other companies in our industry that adopted such standards. If some investors find our common stock less attractive as a result, there may be a less active trading market for our common stock, and our stock price may be more volatile.

Anti-takeover provisions in our charter documents may discourage our acquisition by a third party, which could limit our stockholders’ opportunity to sell their shares, at a premium.

Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation includes provisions that could limit the ability of others to acquire control of our company. These provisions could have the effect of depriving our stockholders of an opportunity to sell their shares at a premium over prevailing market prices by discouraging third parties from seeking to obtain control in a tender offer or similar transaction. Among other things, the charter documents will provide:

Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation designates the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware and federal court within the State of Delaware as the exclusive forum for certain types of actions and proceedings that our stockholders may initiate, which could limit a stockholder’s ability to obtain a favorable judicial forum for disputes with us or our directors, officers or employees.

Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation provides that, subject to limited exceptions, the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware will be exclusive forums for any:

This choice of forum provision does not apply to actions brought to enforce a duty or liability created under the Exchange Act. Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation to be in effect after this offering also provides that the federal district courts of the United States are the exclusive forum for the resolution of any complaint asserting a cause of action arising under the Securities Act. We intend for this provision to apply to any complaints asserting a cause of action under the Securities Act despite the fact that Section 22 of the Securities Act creates concurrent jurisdiction for the federal and state courts over all actions brought to enforce any duty or liability created by the Securities Act or the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder. There is uncertainty as to whether a court would enforce such a provision with respect to claims under the Securities Act, and our stockholders will not be deemed to have waived our compliance with the federal securities laws and the rules and regulations thereunder. Any person or entity purchasing or otherwise acquiring any interest in shares of our capital stock shall be deemed to have notice of and to have consented to the provisions of our amended and restated certificate of incorporation described above.

These choice of forum provisions may limit a stockholder’s ability to bring a claim in a judicial forum that it finds favorable for disputes with us or our directors, officers, or other employees, which may discourage such lawsuits against us and our directors, officers and employees. Alternatively, if a court were to find these provisions of our amended and restated certificate of incorporation inapplicable to, or unenforceable in respect of, one or more of the specified types of actions or proceedings, we may incur additional costs associated with resolving such matters in other jurisdictions, which could adversely affect our business and financial condition.

The Pre-Funded Warrants offered pursuant to this Offering Circular are not and will not be listed on any securities exchange. Also, we do not intend to apply to have the Pre-Funded Warrants listed on any securities exchange. Consequently, there is no public trading market for the Pre-Funded Warrants, and we do not expect a market to develop. Accordingly, investors may find it difficult to dispose of, or to obtain accurate quotations as to the market value of, the Pre-Funded Warrants. This lack of a trading market could result in investors being unable to liquidate their investment in the Pre-Funded Warrants or to sell them at a price that reflects their value. The absence of a public market for these securities could also reduce the liquidity and market price of our common stock to which these warrants are exercisable. Investors should be prepared to bear the risk of investment in the Pre-Funded Warrants indefinitely.

Holders of Pre-Funded Warrants will not have the same voting rights as those associated with our common stock and may have no voting rights with respect to the shares underlying the Pre-Funded Warrants until such shares are acquired upon exercise of the Pre-Funded Warrants. As a result, if such holders do not exercise their Pre-Funded Warrants, they will not have any influence over matters requiring stockholder approval during the period they hold the Pre-Funded Warrants.

The exercise of Pre-Funded Warrants will increase the number of shares of common stock issued and outstanding, which will dilute the ownership interests of existing stockholders. The amount of dilution, or the reduction in value to existing shares of common stock, is determined by the amount of shares ultimately obtained upon the exercise of the Pre-Funded Warrants relative to the number of shares of common stock outstanding at the time of exercise.

The terms of the Pre-Funded Warrants, including the exercise price and the number of shares of common stock issuable upon exercise, may be adjusted in certain circumstances, including in the event of stock dividends, stock splits, and similar transactions. While adjustments are generally intended to prevent dilution for holders of Pre-Funded Warrants, there is no assurance that such adjustments will fully protect the value of the Pre-Funded Warrants.

An investment in our Pre-Funded Warrants involves a significant risk due to the 4.99% (or 9.99%) beneficial ownership limitation. The terms of the Pre-Funded Warrants prohibit any single holder from exercising the warrants if such exercise would result in the holder beneficially owning more than 4.99% (or 9.99%) of our outstanding common stock immediately after the exercise, as elected by the holder at the time of issuance of the Pre-Funded Warrants. This limitation may also hinder the holder’s ability to sell or exercise the Pre-Funded Warrants when it may be most advantageous to do so, which could affect the value of their investment.

If you invest in our common stock in this offering, your ownership interest will be diluted immediately to the extent of the difference between the public offering price per share of our common stock and the as adjusted net tangible book value per share of our common stock after this offering.

Our net tangible book value as of June 30, 2024, was $10.7 million, or $6.05 per share of common stock based on 1,769,948 shares of common stock outstanding as of June 30, 2024. Historical net tangible book value per share is calculated by subtracting our total liabilities from our total tangible assets, which is total assets less intangible assets, and dividing this amount by the number of shares of common stock outstanding as of such date.

After giving effect to the assumed sale by us of the Offered Shares at an assumed public offering price of $8.00 per share (which represents the upper end of the offering price range herein), and after deducting estimated offering expenses, including placement agent fees payable by us, and assuming no sales of Pre-Funded Warrants in this offering, our as adjusted net tangible book value as of June 30, 2024 would have been approximately $34.2 million or $6.99 per share of common stock. This represents an immediate increase in the net tangible book value of $0.94 per share to our existing stockholders and an immediate and substantial dilution in net tangible book value of $1.01 per share to new investors. The following table illustrates this hypothetical per share dilution:

A $1.00 increase in the assumed public offering price of $8.00 per Offered Share, would increase the as adjusted net tangible book value per share by $0.61, and increase dilution to new investors by $0.39 per share, in each case assuming that the number of Offered Shares offered by us, as set forth on the cover page of this Offering Circular, remains the same and after deducting estimated offering expenses payable by us, including placement agent fees.

The as adjusted information discussed above is illustrative only. Our net tangible book value following the completion of this offering is subject to adjustment based on the actual public offering price of our Offered Shares and other terms of this offering determined at pricing.

The number of shares of common stock outstanding as of June 30, 2024, as shown above, is based on 1,769,948 shares of common stock issued and outstanding as of that date and excludes:

The table below sets forth the estimated proceeds we would derive from this offering, assuming the sale of 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% of the Offered Shares at an assumed per share price of $8.00, which represents the upper end of the offering price range herein. There is, of course, no guaranty that we will be successful in selling any of the Offered Shares in this offering. The table below assumes no sale of the Pre-Funded Warrants in this offering.

The table below sets forth the manner in which we intend to apply the net proceeds derived by us in this offering, assuming the sale of 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% of the Offered Shares at an assumed public per share offering price of $8.00, which represents the upper end of the offering price range herein. All amounts set forth below are estimates.

We reserve the right to change the foregoing use of proceeds, should our management believe it to be in the best interest of our company. The allocations of the proceeds of this offering presented above constitute the current estimates of our management and are based on our current plans, assumptions made with respect to the industry in which we currently or, in the future, expect to operate, general economic conditions and our future revenue and expenditure estimates.

Investors are cautioned that expenditures may vary substantially from the estimates presented above. Investors must rely on the judgment of our management, who will have broad discretion regarding the application of the proceeds of this offering. The amounts and timing of our actual expenditures will depend upon numerous factors, including market conditions, cash generated by our operations (if any), business developments and the rate of our growth. We may find it necessary or advisable to use portions of the proceeds of this offering for other purposes.

In the event we do not obtain the entire offering amount hereunder, we may attempt to obtain additional funds through private offerings of our securities or by borrowing funds. Currently, we do not have any committed sources of financing.

Our company is offering a maximum of 3,125,000 Offered Shares on a “best-efforts” basis, at a fixed price between $6.00 and $8.00 per Offered Share (to be fixed by post-qualification supplement). The Company is also offering the opportunity to purchase, if the purchaser so chooses and in lieu of Offered Shares, up to 3,125,000 Pre-Funded Warrants to each purchaser whose purchase of Offered Shares in this offering would otherwise result in the purchaser, together with its affiliates and certain related parties, beneficially owning more than 4.99% (or, at the election of the purchaser, 9.99%) of our outstanding common stock immediately following the issuance of the Pre-Funded Warrant. For each Pre-Funded Warrant we sell, the number of Offered Shares we are offering will be decreased on a one-for-one basis.

This offering will terminate at the earliest of (a) the date on which the maximum offering has been sold, (b) the date which is one year from this offering being qualified by the SEC or (c) the date on which this offering is earlier terminated by us, in our sole discretion.

There is no minimum number of Securities that we are required to sell in this offering and no minimum purchase requirement for investors in this offering. All funds derived by us from this offering will be immediately available for use by us, in accordance with the uses set forth in the section entitled “Use of Proceeds” of this Offering Circular. No funds will be placed in an escrow account during the offering period and no funds will be returned once an investor’s subscription agreement has been accepted by us.

The Securities will be offered by Maxim Group LLC, a broker-dealer registered with the SEC and a member of FINRA (“Maxim,” or the “Placement Agent”), on a “best efforts” basis pursuant to the placement agency agreement to be entered into between us and Maxim, which we refer to as the “Placement Agent Agreement”. Pursuant to the Placement Agent Agreement, we will pay the Placement Agent, concurrently with each closing of this offering, a cash placement fee equal to 5.0% of the gross proceeds of such closing. In addition, we will also pay the Placement Agent up to $50,000 for fees and expenses of legal counsel and other out-of-pocket expenses out of the proceeds of the initial closing and up to $10,000 for fees and expenses of legal counsel and other out-of-pocket expenses out of each subsequent closing.

We or the Placement Agent may also ask other FINRA member broker-dealers that are registered with the SEC to participate as soliciting dealers for this offering.

We may also sell the Securities in this offering through the efforts of our management. Our management will not receive any compensation for offering or selling the Securities. We believe that Mr. Tal is exempt from registration as a broker-dealer under the provisions of Rule 3a4-1 promulgated under the Exchange Act. In particular, none of our management:

If you are interested in subscribing for Securities in this offering, please submit a request for information by e-mail to Syndicate Department at Maxim Group LLC at: syndicate@maximgrp.com; all relevant information will be delivered to you by return e-mail. Thereafter, should you decide to subscribe for Securities, you are required to follow the procedures described in the subscription agreement included in the delivered information, which are:

After we receive your complete, executed subscription agreement and the funds required under the subscription agreement have been transferred to us, we have the right to review and accept or reject your subscription in whole or in part, for any reason or for no reason. We will return all monies from rejected subscriptions immediately to you, without interest or deduction.

Conditioned upon our acceptance of a subscription agreement, we will countersign the subscription agreement and issue the Securities subscribed. Once you submit the subscription agreement and it is accepted, you may not revoke or change your subscription or request your subscription funds. All accepted subscription agreements are irrevocable.

This Offering Circular will be furnished to prospective investors upon their request via electronic PDF format and will be available for viewing and download 24 hours per day, 7 days per week on our company’s page on the SEC’s website: www.sec.gov.

An investor will become a shareholder of the Company and the Offered Shares will be issued, as of the date of settlement. Settlement will not occur until an investor’s funds have cleared and we accept the investor as a shareholder.

By executing the subscription agreement and paying the total purchase price for the Securities subscribed, each investor agrees to accept the terms of the subscription agreement and attests that the investor meets certain minimum financial standards.

An approved trustee must process and forward to us subscriptions made through IRAs, Keogh plans and 401(k) plans. In the case of investments through IRAs, Keogh plans and 401(k) plans, we will send the confirmation and notice of our acceptance to the trustee.

The Securities are being offered and sold to “qualified purchasers” (as defined in Regulation A under the Securities Act). As a Tier 2 offering pursuant to Regulation A under the Securities Act, this offering will be exempt from state “Blue Sky” law review, subject to certain state filing requirements and anti-fraud provisions, to the extent that the Securities offered hereby are offered and sold only to “qualified purchasers”.

“Qualified purchasers” include any person to whom securities are offered or sold in a Tier 2 offering pursuant to Regulation A under the Securities Act. We reserve the right to reject any investor’s subscription in whole or in part for any reason, including if we determine, in our sole and absolute discretion, that such investor is not a “qualified purchaser” for purposes of Regulation A. We intend to offer and sell the Securities to qualified purchasers in every state of the United States.

Upon settlement, that is, at such time as an investor’s funds have cleared and we have accepted an investor’s subscription agreement, we will either issue such investor’s purchased Offered Shares in book-entry form or issue a certificate or certificates representing such investor’s purchased Offered Shares.

The Pre-Funded Warrants will be issued in book-entry form. Upon the Holder’s decision to exercise the Pre-Funded Warrants, the Holder shall execute the Exercise Notice form attached to the Pre-Funded Warrant, completing all required fields in accordance with the instructions provided therein. The completed Exercise Notice must be delivered to the Company as specified in the Pre-Funded Warrant to effectively initiate the exercise process.

Transferability of the Offered Shares and Shares of Common Stock underlying the Pre-Funded Warrants

The Offered Shares will be generally freely transferable, subject to any restrictions imposed by applicable securities laws or regulations. The shares of Common Stock issuable upon the exercise of the Pre-Funded Warrants, when issued pursuant to the terms of the Pre-Funded Warrants, will generally also be freely transferable, subject to any restrictions imposed by applicable securities laws or regulations. Subject to applicable laws, a Pre-Funded Warrant may be transferred at the option of the holder upon surrender of the Pre-Funded Warrant to us together with the appropriate instruments of transfer and exercise price.

The Offered Shares will be listed on The Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “CYN.” There is no public market for the Pre-Funded Warrants and none is expected to develop. We do not intend to apply for the listing of the Pre-Funded Warrants offered in this offering on any stock exchange. Without an active trading market, the liquidity of the Pre-Funded Warrants will be limited.

Our authorized capital stock consists of 200,000,000 shares of common stock, $.00001 par value per share, and 10,000,000 shares of preferred stock, $.00001 par value per share.

As of the date of this Offering Circular, there were 2,026,533 shares of our common stock issued and outstanding held by approximately 55 holders of record, and no shares of our preferred stock issued and outstanding.

Our certificate of incorporation, as amended and restated (“Certificate of Incorporation”) authorize us to issue up to 200,000,000 shares of common stock, $0.00001 par value. Each holder of our common stock is entitled to one (1) vote for each share held of record on all voting matters we present for a vote of stockholders, including the election of directors. Holders of common stock have no cumulative voting rights or preemptive rights to purchase or subscribe for any stock or other securities, and there are no conversion rights or redemption or sinking fund provisions with respect to our common stock. All shares of our common stock are entitled to share equally in dividends from sources legally available when, and if, declared by our Board of Directors.

Our Board of Directors is authorized to issue additional shares of common stock not to exceed the amount authorized by the Certificate of Incorporation, on such terms and conditions and for such consideration as the Board may deem appropriate without further stockholder action.

In the event of our liquidation or dissolution, all shares of our common stock are entitled to share equally in our assets available for distribution to stockholders. However, the rights, preferences and privileges of the holders of our common stock are subject to, and may be adversely affected by, the rights of the holders of shares of preferred stock that have been issued or shares of preferred stock that our Board of Directors may decide to issue in the future.

Our Certificate of Incorporation authorize us to issue up to 10,000,000 shares of preferred stock, $0.00001 par value. Our Board of Directors is authorized, without further action by the stockholders, to issue shares of preferred stock and to fix the designations, number, rights, preferences, privileges, and restrictions thereof, including dividend rights, conversion rights, voting rights, terms of redemption, liquidation preferences and sinking fund terms. We believe that the Board of Directors’ power to set the terms of, and our ability to issue preferred stock, will provide flexibility in connection with possible financing or acquisition transactions in the future. The issuance of preferred stock, however, could adversely affect the voting power of holders of common stock and decrease the amount of any liquidation distribution to such holders. The presence of outstanding preferred stock could also have the effect of delaying, deterring, or preventing a change in control of our Company.

As of August 12, 2024, we had 72,369 outstanding warrants with a weighted average exercise price of $283.80 per share, with a weighted average remaining life of 5 years.

As of August 12, 2024, we have 165,149 outstanding options with a weighted average exercise price of $99.26 per share, with a weighted average remaining contractual life of 6.7 years.

Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and our amended and restated bylaws will include a number of provisions that may have the effect of deterring hostile takeovers or delaying or preventing changes in control of our management team, including the following:

Classified Board. Our fifth amended and restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated bylaws provide that our board of directors will be classified into three classes of directors, each of which will hold office for a three-year term. In addition, directors may only be removed from the board of directors for cause and only by the approval of two-thirds of the combined vote of our then outstanding shares of common stock. A third party may be discouraged from making a tender offer or otherwise attempting to obtain control of us as it is more difficult and time consuming for stockholders to replace a majority of the directors on a classified board of directors.

Supermajority Approvals. Our amended and restated bylaws require the approval of two-thirds of the combined vote of our then-outstanding shares of our common stock to amend our bylaws. This will have the effect of making it more difficult to amend our amended and restated bylaws to remove or modify certain provisions.

Advance Notice Requirements for Stockholder Proposals and Director Nominations. Our amended and restated bylaws provide advance notice procedures for stockholders seeking to bring business before our annual meeting of stockholders, or to nominate candidates for election as directors at any meeting of stockholders. Our amended and restated bylaws will also specify certain requirements regarding the form and content of a stockholder’s notice. These provisions may preclude our stockholders from bringing matters before our annual meeting of stockholders or from making nominations for directors at our meetings of stockholders.

Issuance of Undesignated Preferred Stock. Our board of directors has the authority, without further action by the holders of our common stock, to issue up to 10,000,000 shares of undesignated preferred stock with rights and preferences, including voting rights, designated from time to time by the board of directors. The existence of authorized but unissued shares of preferred stock will enable our board of directors to render more difficult or discourage an attempt to obtain control of us by means of a merger, tender offer, proxy contest, or otherwise.

Issuance of Unissued Stock. Our shares of unissued common stock are available for future issuance without stockholder approval, subject to certain protections afforded to our preferred stock pursuant to our certificate of incorporation, as amended and restated. We may utilize these additional shares for a variety of corporate purposes, including future public offerings to raise additional capital, to facilitate corporate acquisitions, payment as a dividend on the capital stock or as equity compensation to our service providers under our equity compensation plans. The existence of unissued and unreserved common stock may enable our board of directors to issue shares to persons friendly to current management thereby protecting the continuity of our management. Also, if we issue additional shares of our authorized, but unissued, common stock, these issuances will dilute the voting power and distribution rights of our existing common stockholders.

We are governed by the provisions of Section 203 of the DGCL. In general, Section 203 prohibits a public Delaware corporation from engaging in a “business combination” with an “interested stockholder” for a period of three years after the date of the transaction in which the person became an interested stockholder, unless:

In general, Section 203 defines a “business combination” to include mergers, asset sales and other transactions resulting in financial benefit to a stockholder and an “interested stockholder” as a person who, together with affiliates and associates, owns, or within three years did own, 15% or more of the corporation’s outstanding voting stock. These provisions may have the effect of delaying, deferring or preventing changes in control of our company.

Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation provide that unless the Company consents in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware will be the exclusive forum for any derivative action or proceeding brought on our behalf; any action asserting a breach of fiduciary duty by any of our directors, officers or other employees to us or our stockholders; any action asserting a claim against the Company, our directors or officer or employees directors arising pursuant to any provision of the DGCL, our amended and restated certificate of incorporation or amended and restated bylaws or any other action asserting a claim against us our directors or officers or employees that is governed by the internal affairs doctrine. This choice of forum provision does not apply to actions brought to enforce a duty or liability created by the Exchange Act or any other claim for which federal courts have exclusive jurisdiction.

Furthermore, unless we consent in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the federal district courts of the United States shall be the exclusive forum for the resolution of any complaint asserting a cause of action arising under the Securities Act. We intend for this provision to apply to any complaints asserting a cause of action under the Securities Act despite the fact that Section 22 of the Securities Act creates concurrent jurisdiction for the federal and state courts over all actions brought to enforce any duty or liability created by the Securities Act or the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder. The enforceability of similar choice of forum provisions in other companies’ certificates of incorporation has been challenged in legal proceedings, and it is possible that a court could find these types of provisions in our certificate of incorporation to be inapplicable or unenforceable.

Our Certificate of Incorporation limits the liability of directors to the maximum extent permitted by the DGCL. The DGCL provides that directors of a corporation will not be personally liable for monetary damages for breach of their fiduciary duties as directors.

Our bylaws, as amended, provide that we will indemnify our directors and officers to the fullest extent permitted by law, and may indemnify employees and other agents. Our bylaws also provide that we are obligated to advance expenses incurred by a director or officer in advance of the final disposition of any action or proceeding.

Our bylaws, as amended, subject to the provisions of the DGCL, contain provisions which allow the corporation to indemnify any person against liabilities and other expenses incurred as the result of defending or administering any pending or anticipated legal issue in connection with service to us if it is determined that person acted in good faith and in a manner which he or she reasonably believed was in the best interest of the corporation. Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act of 1933 as amended, or the Securities Act, may be permitted to our directors, officers and controlling persons, we have been advised that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission, such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is, therefore, unenforceable.

The limitation of liability and indemnification provisions in our bylaws may discourage stockholders from bringing a lawsuit against directors for breach of their fiduciary duties. They may also reduce the likelihood of derivative litigation against directors and officers, even though an action, if successful, might provide a benefit to us and our stockholders. Our results of operations and financial condition may be harmed to the extent we pay the costs of settlement and damage awards against directors and officers pursuant to these indemnification provisions.

At present, there is no pending litigation or proceeding involving any of our directors or officers as to which indemnification is required or permitted, and we are not aware of any threatened litigation or proceeding that may result in a claim for indemnification.

The transfer agent and registrar for our common stock is Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company. Its fax number is (801) 274-1099. Investors may reach our transfer agent at info@actionstocktransfer.com.

The following summary of certain terms and provisions of the Pre-Funded Warrants that are being offered hereby is not complete and is subject to, and qualified in its entirety by, the provisions of the Pre-Funded Warrant, the form of which is filed as an exhibit to the offering statemen of which this Offering Circular forms a part. Prospective investors should carefully review the terms and provisions of the form of Pre-Funded Warrant for a complete description of the terms and conditions of the Pre-Funded Warrants.

Each Pre-Funded Warrant will be sold in this offering at a purchase price equal to $6.99 (equal to the purchase price per Share, minus $0.01). Each Pre-Funded Warrant will have an initial exercise price per share equal to $0.01. The Pre-Funded Warrants will be immediately exercisable and will not expire prior to exercise. The exercise price and number of shares of common stock issuable upon exercise are subject to appropriate adjustment in the event of stock dividends, stock splits, reorganizations or similar events affecting our common stock. The Pre-Funded Warrants will be issued in electronic form.

The Pre-Funded Warrants will be exercisable, at the option of each holder, in whole or in part by delivering to us a duly executed exercise notice and, at any time a registration statement registering the issuance of the shares of common stock underlying the Pre-Funded Warrants under the Securities Act, is effective and available for the issuance of such shares, or an exemption from registration under the Securities Act is available for the issuance of such shares, by payment in full in immediately available funds for the number of shares of common stock purchased upon such exercise. A holder (together with its affiliates) may not exercise any portion of the Pre-Funded Warrant to the extent that the holder would own more than 4.99% (or, at the election of the holder, 9.99%) of the outstanding common stock immediately after exercise, except that upon notice from the holder to us, the holder may increase or decrease the beneficial ownership limitation in the holder’s Pre-Funded Warrants up to 9.99% of the number of shares of our common stock outstanding immediately after giving effect to the exercise, as such percentage ownership is determined in accordance with the terms of the Pre-Funded Warrants provided that any increase in the beneficial ownership limitation shall not be effective until 61 days following notice to us. If, at the time of exercise there is no effective registration statement registering, or the prospectus contained therein is not available for the issuance of, the shares of common stock underlying the Pre-Funded Warrants, then the Pre-Funded Warrants may also be exercised, in whole or in part, at such time by means of a cashless exercise, in which case the holder would receive upon such exercise the net number of shares of common stock determined according to the formula set forth in the Pre-Funded Warrant.

Subject to applicable laws, a Pre-Funded Warrant may be transferred at the option of the holder upon surrender of the Pre-Funded Warrant to us together with the appropriate instruments of transfer.

No fractional shares of common stock will be issued upon the exercise of the Pre-Funded Warrants. Rather, the number of shares of common stock to be issued will be rounded up to the nearest whole number.

There is no established public trading market for the Pre-Funded Warrants, and we do not expect a market to develop. In addition, we do not intend to apply to list the Pre-Funded Warrants on any national securities exchange or other nationally recognized trading system. Without an active trading market, the liquidity of the Pre-Funded Warrants will be limited.

Except as otherwise provided in the Pre-Funded Warrants or by virtue of such holder’s ownership of shares of our common stock, the holders of the Pre-Funded Warrants do not have the rights or privileges of holders of our common stock with respect to the shares of common stock underlying the Pre-Funded Warrants, including any voting rights, until they exercise their Pre-Funded Warrants. The Pre-Funded Warrants will provide that holders have the right to participate in distributions or dividends paid on our common stock.

In the event of a fundamental transaction, as described in the Pre-Funded Warrants and generally including any reorganization, recapitalization or reclassification of our common stock, the sale, transfer or other disposition of all or substantially all of our properties or assets, our consolidation or merger with or into another person, the acquisition of more than 50% of our outstanding common stock, or any person or group becoming the beneficial owner of 50% of the voting power represented by our outstanding common stock, the holders of the Pre-Funded Warrants will be entitled to receive upon exercise of the Pre-Funded Warrants the kind and amount of securities, cash or other property that the holders would have received had they exercised the Pre-Funded Warrants immediately prior to such fundamental transaction, and the successor entity will succeed to, and be substituted for us, and may exercise every right and power that we may exercise and will assume all of our obligations under the Pre-Funded Warrants with the same effect as if such successor entity had been named in the Pre-Funded Warrant itself. If holders of our common stock are given a choice as to the securities, cash or property to be received in a fundamental transaction, then the holder shall be given the same choice as to the consideration it receives upon any exercise of the Pre-Funded Warrant following such fundamental transaction.

The Pre-Funded Warrants may be modified or amended or the provisions thereof waived with the written consent of our company and the respective holder.

The transfer agent and registrar for our common stock is Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company.

Our Certificate of Incorporation and our Bylaws generally eliminates director and officer liability for any act or failure to act in his or her capacity as a director or officer. An indemnitee is entitled to advances, to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, solely upon the execution and delivery to us of an undertaking providing that the indemnitee agrees to repay the advance to the extent it is ultimately determined that he or she was not entitled to be indemnified by us under the provisions of the Bylaws, the Certificate of Incorporation, or an agreement between us and the indemnitee. Additionally, we have entered into Indemnification Agreements with each of our directors and officers that largely mirror the indemnification rights provided for in our Bylaws.

Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted to directors, officers or persons controlling the Company pursuant to the foregoing provisions, the Company has been informed that in the opinion of the SEC such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is therefore unenforceable.

The consolidated balance sheets of the Company as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the related consolidated statements of operations, stockholders’ equity and cash flows for each of the two years in the period ended December 31, 2023 and the related notes, have been audited by Marcum LLP, the independent registered public accounting firm of the Company, as stated in their report, which includes an explanatory paragraph as to the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern, which is incorporated herein by reference. Such financial statements have been incorporated herein by reference in reliance on the report of such firm given upon their authority as experts in accounting and auditing.

Certain legal matters with respect to the Securities offered by this Offering Circular will be passed upon by Sichenzia Ross Ference Carmel LLP, New York, New York. Ellenoff Grossman & Schole LLP, New York, New York, is counsel to the placement agent in connection with this offering.

The SEC allows us to “incorporate by reference” documents that we previously submitted or filed on Edgar. Incorporation by reference allows us to disclose important information to you by referring you to those other documents. In particular, the Company incorporates by reference the information contained in Items 1- 13 of its Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 7, 2024, which can be accessed at https://investors.cyngn.com/sec-filings and on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov. The Company’s financial statements incorporated herein are included in Item 8 of the Company’s annual report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024, and Item 1 of the Company’s quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the period ended June 30, 2024 filed with the SEC on August 8, 2024, which can be accessed at https://investors.cyngn.com/sec-filings or at www.sec.gov.

We filed an Offering Circular on Form 1-A under the Securities Act with the SEC with respect to the securities being offered pursuant to this Offering Circular. This Offering Circular omits certain information, as permitted by the SEC. You should refer to the offering Circular, including the exhibits and schedules attached to the Offering Circular and the information incorporated by reference, for further information about us and the securities being offered pursuant to this Offering Circular. Statements in this Offering Circular regarding the provisions of certain documents filed with, or incorporated by reference in, the Offering Circular are not necessarily complete, and each statement is qualified in all respects by that reference. Copies of all or any part of the Offering Circular, including the documents incorporated by reference or the exhibits, may be obtained as indicated below. The documents we are incorporating by reference into this Offering Circular are:

You may request a copy of these filings, including the financial statements of the Company included in the Company’s annual report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024 and the Company’s quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the period ended June 30, 2024, at no cost, by writing or telephoning us at the following address: Cyngn Inc., Attention: Corporate Secretary, 1015 O’Brien Dr., Menlo Park, CA 94025, phone number (650) 924-5905.

We have filed an offering statement on Form 1-A with the SEC under the Securities Act with respect to the common stock offered by this Offering Circular. This Offering Circular, which constitutes a part of the offering statement, does not contain all of the information set forth in the offering statement or the exhibits and schedules filed therewith. For further information with respect to us and our common stock, please see the offering statement and the exhibits and schedules filed with the offering statement. Statements contained in this Offering Circular regarding the contents of any contract or any other document that is filed as an exhibit to the offering statement are not necessarily complete, and each such statement is qualified in all respects by reference to the full text of such contract or other document filed as an exhibit to the offering statement. The offering statement, including its exhibits and schedules, may be accessed at the SEC’s website http://www.sec.gov. These filings will be available as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file such material with, or furnish it to, the SEC.

We are subject to the reporting requirements of the Exchange Act, and file annual, quarterly and current reports, proxy statements and other information with the SEC. You can read our SEC filings, including the registration statement, over the Internet at the SEC’s website. We also maintain a website at http://www.cyngn.com, at which you may access these materials free of charge as soon as reasonably practicable after they are electronically filed with, or furnished to, the SEC. The information contained in, or that can be accessed through, our website is not part of this Offering Circular. You may also request a copy of these filings, at no cost, by writing or telephoning us at: 1015 O’Brien Dr., Menlo Park, CA 94025, phone number (650) 924-5905.

Pursuant to the requirements of Regulation A, the issuer certifies that it has reasonable grounds to believe that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form 1-A and has duly caused this offering statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the City of Menlo Park, State of California, on August 15, 2024.

This Offering Statement has been signed by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

	Assumed Percentage of Offered Shares Sold in This Offering
	25%		50%		75%		100%
Offered Shares sold		781,250		1,562,500		2,343,750		3,125,000
Gross proceeds	$	6,250,000	$	12,500,000	$	18,750,000	$	25,000,000
Offering expenses (1)		541,190		853,690		1,166,190		1,478,690
Net proceeds	$	5,708,810	$	11,646,310	$	17,583,810	$	23,521,310

Exhibit Number		Description
1.1		Placement Agent Agreement between the Company and Maxim Group LLC. (to be filed by amendment)
2.1*		Fourth Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Registrant incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Amendment to the Registration Statement on Form S-1 (No. 333-259278) filed with the SEC on October 15, 2021.
2.2*		Certificate of Amendment to the Fourth Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Registrant incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the Company’s Amendment to the Registration Statement on Form S-1 (No. 333-259278) filed with the SEC on October 15, 2021.
2.3*		Second Certificate of Amendment to the Fourth Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Registrant incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.3 to the Company’s Amendment to the Registration Statement on Form S-1 (No. 333-259278) filed with the SEC on October 15, 2021.
2.4*		Third Certificate of Amendment to the Fourth Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Registrant incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.4 to the Company’s Amendment to the Registration Statement on Form S-1 (No. 333-259278) filed with the SEC on October 15, 2021.
2.5*		Fourth Certificate of Amendment to the Fourth Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Registrant incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.5 to the Company’s Amendment to the Registration Statement on Form S-1 (No. 333-259278) filed with the SEC on October 15, 2021.
2.6*		Fifth Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Registrant incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.6 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed with the SEC on November 19, 2021.
2.7*		Certificate of Amendment to the Fifth Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Registrant, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.8 to the Company’s Amendment to the Registration Statement on Form S-1 (No. 333-275530) filed with the SEC on November 28, 2023.
2.8*		Certificate of Amendment to the Fifth Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on July 9, 2024.
2.9*		Amended and Restated Bylaws of Registrant, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.8 to the Company’s Amendment to the Registration Statement on Form S-1 (No. 333-259278) filed with the SEC on October 15, 2021.
2.10*		Amendment No. 1 to Amended and Restated Bylaws, effective May 7, 2024, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on May 10, 2024.
3.1*		Description of Registrant’s Securities (filed as Exhibit 4.1 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for year ended December 31, 2021)
3.2		Form of Pre-Funded Warrant to be issued in this Offering (to be filed by amendment)
4.1		Form of Subscription Agreement for this Offering (to be filed by amendment)
6.1*		Offer Letter between the Company and Ben Landen dated as of September 18, 2019 incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Amendment to the Registration Statement on Form S-1 (No. 333-259278) filed with the SEC on October 15, 2021.
6.2*		Offer Letter between the Company and Donald Alvarez dated as of May 28, 2021 incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Company’s Amendment to the Registration Statement on Form S-1 (No. 333-259278) filed with the SEC on October 15, 2021.
6.3#		2013 Equity Incentive Plan incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the Company’s Amendment to the Registration Statement on Form S-1 (No. 333-259278) filed with the SEC on October 15, 2021.
6.4#		2021 Incentive Plan incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to the Company’s Amendment to the Registration Statement on Form S-1 (No. 333-259278) filed with the SEC on October 15, 2021.
6.5#		Amendment to 2021 Equity Incentive Plan incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-8 filed with the SEC on January 31, 2024.
6.6#		Amendment to 2021 Equity Incentive Plan incorporated by reference to the Company’s Proxy Statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on May 21, 2024.
6.7*		Second Amended and Restated Investors’ Rights Agreement dated as of December 24, 2014 incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.6 to the Company’s Amendment to the Registration Statement on Form S-1 (No. 333-259278) filed with the SEC on October 15, 2021.

6.8*		Form of Indemnification Agreement to be entered into with the Registrant and each of its officers and directors incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.7 to the Company’s Amendment to the Registration Statement on Form S-1 (No. 333-259278) filed with the SEC on October 15, 2021.
6.9*		Employment Agreement by and between Cyngn Inc. and Lior Tal dated as of January 1, 2022 incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on January 6, 2022.
6.10*		Engagement Letter dated April 27, 2022 incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on April 29, 2022.
6.11*		Form of Securities Purchase Agreement incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on April 29, 2022.
6.12*		Form of Warrant incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on April 29, 2022.
6.13*		Form of Registration Rights Agreement incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on April 29, 2022.
6.14*		Form of Pre-Funded Warrants incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on April 29, 2022.
6.15*		ATM Sales Agreement by and between the Company and Virtu Americas LLC, dated May 31, 2023 incorporated by reference to Exhibit 1.2 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-3 filed with the SEC on May 31, 2023
6.16*		Placement Agent Agreement between the Company and Aegis Capital Corp. dated December 8, 2023 incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on December 11, 2023
6.17*		Form of Pre-funded Warrant incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on December 11, 2023
6.18*		Form of Severance and Change of Control Agreement incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.17 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 7, 2024
6.19*		Severance and Change of Control Agreement by and between Cyngn Inc. and Don Alvarez dated May 15, 2024, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on May 17, 2024.
11.1+		Consent of Marcum LLP
11.2		Consent of Sichenzia Ross Ference Carmel LLP (included in Exhibit 12.1)
12.1		Opinion of Sichenzia Ross Ference Carmel LLP (to be filed by amendment)

	CYNGN INC.

	By:	/s/ Lior Tal
		Lior Tal
		Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer)

Signature	Title	Date

/s/ Lior Tal	Chairman of the Board,	August 15, 2024
Lior Tal	Chief Executive Officer, Chairman and Director
	(Principal Executive Officer)

/s/ Donald Alvarez	Chief Financial Officer and Director	August 15, 2024
Donald Alvarez	(Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer)

/s/ Karen Macleod	Director	August 15, 2024
Karen Macleod

/s/ Colleen Cunningham	Director	August 15, 2024
Colleen Cunningham

/s/ James McDonnell	Director	August 15, 2024
James McDonnell

(1)	Assumes a public offering price of $8.00 per Share, which represents the upper endpoint of the offering price range of $6.00 to $8.00 per share.

(2)	Assumes a public offering price of $7.99 per Pre-Funded Warrant, which represents the upper end of the offering price range of $8.00 less the offering price of $0.01 per Pre-Funded Warrant.

(3)	The Company has engaged Maxim Group LLC, member FINRA/SIPC (the “Placement Agent”), to act as placement agent for this offering, in exchange for a fee of 5% of the aggregate amount raised in this offering.

(4)	Does not account for the payment of expenses of this offering estimated at $228,690. See “Plan of Distribution.”

	Page
Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements	ii
Offering Circular Summary	1
Risk Factors	7
Dilution	13
Use of Proceeds	14
Plan of Distribution	15
Description of Capital Stock	18
Description of the Securities Offered in this Offering	22
Experts	24
Legal Matters	24
Incorporation by Reference	25
Where You Can Find More Information	25

	●	actual or anticipated fluctuations in our financial condition or results of operations;

	●	variance in our financial performance from expectations of securities analysts;

	●	changes in the pricing of the solutions on our platforms;

	●	changes in our projected operating and financial results;

	●	changes in laws or regulations applicable to our technology;

	●	announcements by us or our competitors of significant business developments, acquisitions or new offerings;

	●	sales of shares of our common stock by us or our shareholders;

	●	significant data breaches, disruptions to or other incidents involving our technology;

	●	our involvement in litigation;

	●	future sales of our common stock by us or our stockholders;

	●	changes in senior management or key personnel;

	●	the trading volume of our common stock;

	●	changes in the anticipated future size and growth rate of our market;

	●	general economic and market conditions; and

	●	other events or factors, including those resulting from war, incidents of terrorism, global pandemics or responses to these events.

	●	certain amendments to our bylaws that will require the approval of two-thirds of the combined vote of our then-outstanding shares of our common stock; and

	●	our board of directors has the authority, without further action by our stockholders, to issue preferred stock in one or more series and to fix their designations, powers, preferences, privileges, and relative participating, optional, or special rights, and the qualifications, limitations, or restrictions, including dividend rights, conversion rights, voting rights, terms.

	●	derivative action or proceeding brought on our behalf;

	●	action asserting a claim of breach of a fiduciary duty owed by any of our directors, officers or other employees to us or our stockholders;

	●	action asserting a claim against us, our directors or officers or employees arising pursuant to any provision of the DGCL, our amended and restated certificate of incorporation or amended and restated bylaws; or

	●	other action asserting a claim against us, our directors or officers or employees that is governed by the internal affairs doctrine.

Assumed public offering price per share	$	8.00
Historical net tangible book value per share as of June 30, 2024	$	6.05
Increase in net tangible book value per share attributable to this offering	$	0.94
As adjusted net tangible book value per share as of June 30, 2024 after giving effect to this offering	$	6.99
Dilution per share to purchasers of Offered Shares in this offering	$	1.01

	●	167,430 shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of outstanding stock options with a weighted-average exercise price of $100.13 per share;

	●	2,610 shares of common stock issuable upon vesting of restricted stock unit awards;

	●	87,038 shares of common stock reserved for future issuance under our 2021 Equity Incentive Plan; and

	●	72,369 shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of warrants to purchase common stock with a weighted-average exercise price of $283.80 per share.

	●	is not subject to a statutory disqualification, as that term is defined in Section 3(a)(39) of the Securities Act; and

	●	is not to be compensated in connection with his participation by the payment of commissions or other remuneration based either directly or indirectly on transactions in securities; and

	●	is not an associated person of a broker or dealer; and

	●	meets the conditions of the following:

	●	primarily performs, and will perform at the end of this offering, substantial duties for us or on our behalf otherwise than in connection with transactions in securities; and

	●	was not a broker or dealer, or an associated person of a broker or dealer, within the preceding 12 months; and

	●	did not participate in selling an offering of securities for any issuer more than once every 12 months other than in reliance on paragraphs (a)(4)(i) or (iii) of Rule 3a4-1 under the Exchange Act.

	●	Electronically execute and deliver to us a subscription agreement; and

	●	Deliver funds directly by check or by wire or electronic funds transfer via ACH to our specified bank account.