REVENUE RECOGNITION

9 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

REVENUE RECOGNITION

REVENUE RECOGNITION

NOTE 3. REVENUE RECOGNITION

Disaggregation of Revenue

The Company views its segment results to be the best view of disaggregated revenue. Refer to Note 4 – Segments.

Remaining Performance Obligations

The remaining performance obligation (“RPO”) represents the aggregate amount of contractual deliverables yet to be recognized as revenue at the end of the reporting period. It is intended to be a statement of overall work under contract that has not yet been performed and does not include contracts in which the customer is not committed. The customer is not considered committed when it is able to terminate for convenience without payment of a substantive penalty. The RPO also includes estimates of variable consideration. Additionally, as a practical expedient, the Company does not include contracts that have an original duration of one year or less. RPO estimates are subject to change and are affected by several factors, including terminations, changes in the scope of contracts, periodic revalidations, adjustments for revenue that has not materialized and adjustments for currency.

At December 31, 2022, the aggregate amount of RPO related to customer contracts that are unsatisfied or partially unsatisfied was $39.6 billion. Approximately 59 percent of the amount is expected to be recognized as revenue in the next two years, approximately 34 percent in the subsequent three years, and the balance thereafter.

During the three and nine months ended December 31, 2022, revenue decreased by $3 million and increased by $4 million, respectively, for performance obligations satisfied (or partially satisfied) in previous periods, mainly due to changes in estimates on contracts with cost-to-cost measures of progress.

Contract Balances

The following table provides information about accounts receivable, contract assets and deferred income balances:

	December 31,		March 31,
(Dollars in millions)	2022		2022
Accounts receivable (net of allowances of $34 at December 31, 2022 and $44 at March 31, 2022) *	$	1,539	$	2,271
Contract assets **		30		41
Deferred income (current)		817		882
Deferred income (noncurrent)		377		452

* Including unbilled receivable balances of $382 million at December 31, 2022 and $473 million at March 31, 2022.

** Contract assets represent services performed by the Company prior to billing the client, which give the Company the right to consideration that is typically subject to milestone completion or client acceptance. They are included within prepaid expenses and other current assets in the Consolidated Balance Sheet.

The amount of revenue recognized during the three and nine months ended December 31, 2022 that was included within the deferred income balance at the beginning of the period was $249 million and $496 million, respectively.

The following table provides roll-forwards of the accounts receivable allowance for expected credit losses for the nine months ended December 31, 2022 and the nine months ended December 31, 2021.

	Nine Months Ended		Nine Months Ended
(Dollars in millions)	December 31, 2022		December 31, 2021
Beginning balance	$	44	$	90
Additions (releases)		5		(21)
Write-offs		(8)		(4)
Other *		(6)		(21)
Ending balance	$	34	$	44

* Primarily represents currency translation adjustments.

The contract assets allowance for expected credit losses was not material in any of the periods presented.

Major Clients

No single client represented more than 10 percent of the Company’s total revenue during the three and nine months ended December 31, 2022 and 2021. No single client represented more than 10 percent of the Company’s total accounts receivable balance as of December 31, 2022 and March 31, 2022.

Deferred Costs

Costs to acquire and fulfill customer contracts are deferred and amortized over the contract period or expected customer relationship life. The expected customer relationship period is determined based on the average customer relationship period, including expected renewals, for each offering type and ranges from three to six years. For contracts with an estimated amortization period of less than one year, we elected the practical expedient to expense incremental costs immediately.

The following table provides amounts of capitalized costs to acquire and fulfill customer contracts at December 31, 2022 and March 31, 2022:

	December 31,		March 31,
(Dollars in millions)	2022		2022
Deferred transition costs	$	863	$	961
Prepaid software costs		661		806
Capitalized costs to fulfill contracts		279		302
Capitalized costs to obtain contracts		310		318
Total deferred costs *	$	2,112	$	2,387

* Of the total deferred costs, $927 million was current and $1,186 million was noncurrent at December 31, 2022, and $1,143 million was current and $1,244 million was noncurrent at March 31, 2022.

The amount of total deferred costs amortized for the three months ended December 31, 2022 was $440 million, composed of $87 million of amortization of deferred transition costs, $239 million of amortization of prepaid software and $114 million of amortization of capitalized contract costs. The amount of total deferred costs amortized for the nine months ended December 31, 2022 was $1,246 million, composed of $259 million of amortization of deferred transition costs, $650 million of amortization of prepaid software and $337 million of amortization of capitalized contract costs.