8-K

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 8-K

CURRENT REPORT

Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d)

of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

Date of Report (Date of earliest event reported): August 7, 2023

IO Biotech, Inc.

(Exact name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)

Delaware	001-41008	87-0909276
(State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation)	(Commission File Number)	(IRS Employer Identification No.)

Ole Maaløes Vej 3

DK-2200 Copenhagen N

Denmark

(Address of Principal Executive Offices) (Zip Code)

Registrant’s Telephone Number, Including Area Code: +45 7070 2980

N/A

(Former Name or Former Address, if Changed Since Last Report)

Check the appropriate box below if the Form 8-K filing is intended to simultaneously satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant under any of the following provisions:

☐ Written communications pursuant to Rule 425 under the Securities Act (17 CFR 230.425)

☐ Soliciting material pursuant to Rule 14a-12 under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14a-12)

☐ Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 14d-2(b) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14d-2(b))

☐ Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 13e-4(c) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.13e-4(c))

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, par value $0.001 per share	IOBT	The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an emerging growth company as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act of 1933 (§ 230.405 of this chapter) or Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (§ 240.12b-2 of this chapter).

Emerging growth company  ☒

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.  ☐

Item 1.01. Entry into a Material Definitive Agreement.

On August 7, 2023, IO Biotech, Inc. (the “Company”) entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”) with certain institutional investors (the “Purchasers”), pursuant to which the Company agreed to sell and issue (i) 37,065,647 shares of the Company’s common stock (“Common Stock”), and (ii) 37,065,647 warrants to purchase up to 37,065,647 shares of Common Stock (the “Warrants”) in a private placement transaction (the “Private Placement”). Each Purchaser’s Warrant is exercisable for a number of shares of Common Stock equal to one hundred percent of the aggregate number of shares of Common Stock purchased by such Purchaser. The purchase price per share of Common Stock and Warrant is $2.025 per share (the “Purchase Price”). The closing of the Private Placement is expected to occur on or before August 9, 2023 (the “Closing”), subject to customary closing conditions. The total gross proceeds to the Company at the Closing are expected to be approximately $75.1 million, which does not include any proceeds that may be received upon exercise of the Warrants. The Warrants have an exercise price of $2.47 per share, in each case subject to proportional adjustments in the event of stock splits or combinations or similar events. The Warrants will be exercisable for a period of 42 months following the date of issuance.

Lundbeckfonden BioCapital, Novo Holdings, Kurma Growth Opportunities Fund, and Sunstone Life Science Ventures, each a holder of more than 5% of our total Common Stock outstanding on the date of the Purchase Agreement, are Purchasers in the Private Placement.

Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC and Piper Sandler & Co. acted as the joint placement agents (together, the “Placement Agents”) for the Private Placement. The Placement Agents are entitled to receive a portion of a combined fee equal to approximately 6% of the aggregate gross proceeds from the securities sold in the Private Placement, plus the reimbursement of certain expenses.

On August 7, 2023, the Company also entered into a registration rights agreement (the “Registration Rights Agreement”) with the Purchasers. Under the terms of the Registration Rights Agreement, the Company has agreed to prepare and file, within 30 days after the Closing (the “Filing Deadline”), one or more registration statements with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) to register for resale the Common Stock issued under the Purchase Agreement and the shares of Common Stock issuable upon conversion of the Warrants issued pursuant to the Purchase Agreement (the “Registrable Securities”), and to cause the applicable registration statements to become effective within a specified period after the Filing Deadline. Certain cash penalties will apply to the Company in the event of registration failures, as described in the Registration Rights Agreement.

The Purchase Agreement contains customary representations, warranties and covenants that were made solely for the benefit of the parties to the Purchase Agreement. Such representations, warranties and covenants (i) are intended as a way of allocating risk between the parties to the Purchase Agreement and not as statements of fact, and (ii) may apply standards of materiality in a way that is different from what may be viewed as material by stockholders of, or other investors in, the Company. Accordingly, the Purchase Agreement is included with this filing only to provide investors with information regarding the terms of transaction and not to provide investors with any other factual information regarding the Company. Investors should not rely on the representations, warranties and covenants or any descriptions thereof as characterizations of the actual state of facts or condition of the Company or any of its subsidiaries or affiliates. Moreover, information concerning the subject matter of the representations and warranties may change after the date of the Purchase Agreement, which subsequent information may or may not be fully reflected in public disclosures.

The foregoing is only a summary of the terms of the Purchase Agreement and the Warrants issued under the Purchase Agreement, does not purport to be complete and is qualified in its entirety by reference to the full text of (i) the Purchase Agreement, a copy of which is attached to this report as Exhibit 10.1, (ii) the Registration Rights Agreement, a copy of which is attached to this report as Exhibit 10.2 and (iii) the form of Warrant issued under the Purchase Agreement, a copy of which is attached to this report as Exhibit 4.1.

Item 3.02. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities.

The disclosure regarding the securities to be sold and issued under the Purchase Agreement as set forth under Item 1.01 of this report is incorporated by reference under this Item 3.02.

The securities described above under Item 1.01 have not been registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”). The Company relied on the exemption from the registration requirements of the Securities Act by virtue of Section 4(a)(2) thereof. Each of the Purchasers has represented that it is an “accredited investor” as defined in Regulation D of the Securities Act and that it is acquiring the securities for investment only and not with a view towards, or for resale in connection with, the public sale or distribution thereof, and appropriate legends will be affixed to the securities.

Item 7.01. Regulation FD Disclosure.

On August 7, 2023, the Company issued a press release announcing Private Placement. A copy of this press release is attached hereto as Exhibit 99.1.

A copy of the corporate presentation used in connection with the Private Placement is attached hereto as Exhibit 99.2.

The information contained in this Item 7.01 and in Exhibits 99.1 and 99.2 hereto shall not be deemed “filed” for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), or otherwise subject to the liabilities of that section, nor shall it be deemed incorporated by reference into any other filing under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Exchange Act, except as expressly set forth by specific reference in such a filing.

Item 9.01 Financial Statements and Exhibits.

(d) Exhibits

4.1	Form of Warrant.
10.1	Securities Purchase Agreement, dated August 7, 2023, by and among the Company and the Purchasers.
10.2	Registration Rights Agreement, dated August 7, 2023, by and among the Company and the Purchasers.
99.1	Press Release dated August 7, 2023.
99.2	Corporate Presentation.
104	Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL document)

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

	IO Biotech, Inc.
Date: August 7, 2023	By:	/s/ Mai-Britt Zocca, Ph.D.
		Mai-Britt Zocca, Ph.D.
		Chief Executive Officer

EX-4.1

Exhibit 4.1

NEITHER THIS SECURITY NOR THE SECURITIES FOR WHICH THIS SECURITY IS EXERCISABLE HAVE BEEN REGISTERED WITH THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION OR THE SECURITIES COMMISSION OF ANY STATE IN RELIANCE UPON AN EXEMPTION FROM REGISTRATION UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED (THE “SECURITIES ACT”), AND, ACCORDINGLY, MAY NOT BE OFFERED OR SOLD EXCEPT PURSUANT TO AN EFFECTIVE REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OR PURSUANT TO AN AVAILABLE EXEMPTION FROM, OR IN A TRANSACTION NOT SUBJECT TO, THE REGISTRATION REQUIREMENTS OF THE SECURITIES ACT AND IN ACCORDANCE WITH APPLICABLE STATE SECURITIES LAWS. THIS SECURITY AND THE SECURITIES ISSUABLE UPON EXERCISE OF THIS SECURITY MAY BE PLEDGED IN CONNECTION WITH A BONA FIDE MARGIN ACCOUNT OR OTHER LOAN SECURED BY SUCH SECURITIES.

FORM OF COMMON STOCK PURCHASE WARRANT

IO BIOTECH, INC.

Warrant Shares: Issue Date: August [●], 2023

THIS COMMON STOCK PURCHASE WARRANT (the “Warrant”) certifies that, for value received, [●] or [its/his/her] assigns (the “Holder”) is entitled, upon the terms and subject to the limitations on exercise and the conditions hereinafter set forth, at any time on or after the date hereof (the “Initial Exercise Date”) and on or prior to 5:00 p.m. Eastern time on the earlier of (i) February 7, 2027, and (ii) one day prior to the closing of an Acquisition (as defined below) (the earliest of the foregoing, the “Termination Date”) but not thereafter, to subscribe for and purchase from IO Biotech, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), up to              shares of common stock, par value $0.001 per share (the “Common Stock”) (as subject to adjustment hereunder, the “Warrant Shares”). The purchase price of one share of Common Stock under this Warrant shall be equal to the Exercise Price, as defined in Section 2(b). The Warrant is being issued pursuant to that certain Stock Purchase Agreement, dated as of August 7, 2023, among the Company and the purchasers signatory thereto, as amended and/or restated from time to time (the “Purchase Agreement”). Capitalized terms used and not otherwise defined herein shall have the meanings set forth in the Purchase Agreement.

Section 1. Definitions. In addition to the terms defined elsewhere in this Warrant, the following terms have the meanings indicated in this Section 1:

“Affiliate” means any Person that, directly or indirectly through one or more intermediaries, controls or is controlled by or is under common control with a Person, as such terms are used in and construed under Rule 405 under the Securities Act.

“Board of Directors” means the board of directors of the Company.

“Business Day” means any day except any Saturday, any Sunday, any day which is a federal legal holiday in the United States or any day on which banking institutions in the State of New York are authorized or required by law or other governmental action to close.

“Commission” means the United States Securities and Exchange Commission.

“Common Stock Equivalents” means any securities of the Company or its subsidiaries, which would entitle the holder thereof to acquire at any time shares of Common Stock, including, without limitation, any debt, preferred stock, right, option, warrant or other instrument that is at any time convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for, or otherwise entitles the holder thereof to receive, Common Stock.

“Exchange Act” means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.

“Person” means an individual or corporation, partnership, trust, incorporated or unincorporated association, joint venture, limited liability company, joint stock company, government (or an agency or subdivision thereof) or other entity of any kind.

“Securities Act” means the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.

“Trading Day” means a day on which the principal Trading Market is open for trading.

“Trading Market” means any of the following markets or exchanges on which the Common Stock is listed or quoted for trading on the date in question: the NYSE American, the Nasdaq Capital Market, the Nasdaq Global Market, the Nasdaq Global Select Market, the New York Stock Exchange, OTCQB or OTCQX (or any successors to any of the foregoing).

“Transfer Agent” means Computershare Trust Company, N.A., the current transfer agent of the Company, with a mailing address of 150 Royall Street, Canton, Massachusetts 02021 and a telephone number of (800) 962-4284, and any successor transfer agent of the Company.

“VWAP” means, for any date, the price determined by the first of the following clauses that applies: (a) if the Common Stock is then listed or quoted on a Trading Market, the daily volume weighted average price of the Common Stock for such date (or the nearest preceding date) on the Trading Market on which the Common Stock is then listed or quoted as reported by Bloomberg L.P. (based on a Trading Day from 9:30 a.m. (New York City time) to 4:02 p.m. (New York City time)), (b) if OTCQB or OTCQX is not a Trading Market, the volume weighted average price of the Common Stock for such date (or the nearest preceding date) on OTCQB or OTCQX as applicable, (c) if the Common Stock is not then listed or quoted for trading on OTCQB or OTCQX and if prices for the Common Stock are then reported on the Pink Open Market (or a similar organization or agency succeeding to its functions of reporting prices), the most recent bid price per share of the Common Stock so reported, or (d) in all other cases, the fair market value of a share of Common Stock as determined by an independent appraiser selected in good faith by the Holders of a majority in interest of the Warrants then outstanding and reasonably acceptable to the Company, the fees and expenses of which shall be paid by the Company.

Section 2. Exercise.

a) Exercise of Warrant. Exercise of the purchase rights represented by this Warrant may be made, in whole or in part, at any time or times on or after the Initial Exercise Date

and on or before the Termination Date by delivery to the Company of a duly executed PDF copy submitted by e-mail (or e-mail attachment) of the Notice of Exercise in the form annexed hereto (the “Notice of Exercise”). Within the earlier of (i) two (2) Trading Days and (ii) the number of Trading Days comprising the Standard Settlement Period (as defined in Section 2(d)(i) herein) following the date of exercise as aforesaid, the Holder shall deliver the aggregate Exercise Price for the Warrant Shares specified in the applicable Notice of Exercise by wire transfer or cashier’s check drawn on a United States bank unless the cashless exercise procedure specified in Section 2(c) below is specified in the applicable Notice of Exercise. No ink-original Notice of Exercise shall be required, nor shall any medallion guarantee (or other type of guarantee or notarization) of any Notice of Exercise be required. Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, the Holder shall not be required to physically surrender this Warrant to the Company until the Holder has purchased all of the Warrant Shares available hereunder and the Warrant has been exercised in full, in which case, the Holder shall surrender this Warrant to the Company for cancellation within three (3) Trading Days of the date on which the final Notice of Exercise is delivered to the Company. Partial exercises of this Warrant resulting in purchases of a portion of the total number of Warrant Shares available hereunder shall have the effect of lowering the outstanding number of Warrant Shares purchasable hereunder in an amount equal to the applicable number of Warrant Shares purchased. The Holder and the Company shall maintain records showing the number of Warrant Shares purchased and the date of such purchases. The Company shall deliver any objection to any Notice of Exercise within one (1) Trading Day of receipt of such notice. The Holder and any assignee, by acceptance of this Warrant, acknowledge and agree that, by reason of the provisions of this paragraph, following the purchase of a portion of the Warrant Shares hereunder, the number of Warrant Shares available for purchase hereunder at any given time may be less than the amount stated on the face hereof.

b) Exercise Price. The exercise price per share of Common Stock under this Warrant shall be $2.47, subject to adjustment hereunder (the “Exercise Price”).

c) Cashless Exercise. If at any time after the Initial Exercise Date, there is no effective registration statement registering, or no current prospectus available for, the issuance or resale of the Warrant Shares to the Holder, then this Warrant may also be exercised, in whole or in part, at such time by means of a “cashless exercise” in which the Holder shall be entitled to receive a number of shares of Common Stock computed using the following formula:

	X =	Y (B-A)       B
Where:	X =	the number of shares of Common Stock to be issued to the Holder.
	Y =	the number of shares of Common Stock purchasable upon exercise of all of the Warrant or, if only a portion of the Warrant is being exercised, the portion of the Warrant being exercised.
	A =	the Exercise Price.
	B =	the Current Market Price of one share of Common Stock.

“Current Market Price” means on any particular date:

a. if the Common Stock is traded on The Nasdaq Stock Market (“Nasdaq”), the closing price of the Common Stock of the Company on such market on the day prior to the applicable date of valuation;

b. if the Common Stock is traded on any registered national stock exchange but is not traded on Nasdaq, the closing price of the Common Stock of the Company on such exchange on the day prior to the applicable date of valuation;

c. if the Common Stock is traded over-the-counter, but not on Nasdaq or another registered national stock exchange, the closing bid price of the Common Stock of the Company on the day prior to the applicable date of valuation; and

d. if there is no active public market for the Common Stock, the fair market value of a share of Common Stock as determined by an independent appraiser selected in good faith by the Purchasers of a majority in interest of the Securities then outstanding and reasonably acceptable to the Company, the fees and expenses of which shall be paid by the Company.

d) Mechanics of Exercise.

i. Delivery of Warrant Shares Upon Exercise. The Company shall cause the Warrant Shares purchased hereunder to be transmitted by the Transfer Agent to the Holder by crediting the account of the Holder’s or its designee’s balance account with The Depository Trust Company through its Deposit or Withdrawal at Custodian system (“DWAC”) if the Company is then a participant in such system and either (A) there is an effective registration statement permitting the issuance of the Warrant Shares to or resale of the Warrant Shares by the Holder or (B) the Warrant Shares are eligible for resale by the Holder without volume or manner of sale limitations pursuant to Rule 144 (assuming cashless exercise of the Warrants, if then permitted), and otherwise by book-entry form or, if requested by the Holder, a physical delivery of a certificate, registered in the Company’s share register in the name of the Holder or its designee, for the number of Warrant Shares to which the Holder is entitled pursuant to such exercise to the address specified by the Holder in the Notice of Exercise by the date that is the earlier of (i) two (2) Trading Days and (ii) the number of Trading Days comprising the Standard Settlement Period after the delivery to the Company of the Notice of Exercise (such date, the “Warrant Share Delivery Date”). Upon delivery of the Notice of Exercise, the Holder shall be deemed for all corporate purposes to have become the holder of record of the Warrant Shares with respect to which this Warrant has been exercised, irrespective of the date of delivery of the Warrant Shares, provided that payment of the aggregate Exercise Price (other than in the case of a cashless exercise) is received within the earlier of (i) two (2) Trading Days and (ii) the number of Trading Days comprising the Standard Settlement Period following delivery of the Notice of Exercise. The Company agrees to maintain a transfer agent that is a participant in the FAST

program so long as this Warrant remains outstanding and exercisable. As used herein, “Standard Settlement Period” means the standard settlement period, expressed in a number of Trading Days, on the Company’s primary Trading Market with respect to the Common Stock as in effect on the date of delivery of the Notice of Exercise.

ii. Delivery of New Warrants Upon Exercise. If this Warrant shall have been exercised in part, the Company shall, at the request of a Holder and upon surrender of this Warrant certificate, at the time of delivery of the Warrant Shares, deliver to the Holder a new Warrant evidencing the rights of the Holder to purchase the unpurchased Warrant Shares called for by this Warrant, which new Warrant shall in all other respects be identical with this Warrant.

iii. Rescission Rights. If the Company fails to cause the Transfer Agent to transmit to the Holder the Warrant Shares pursuant to Section 2(d)(i) by the Warrant Share Delivery Date, then the Holder will have the right to rescind such exercise, including in the event of a Buy-In (as defined below), as described in Section 2(d)(iv) below.

iv. Compensation for Buy-In on Failure to Timely Deliver Warrant Shares Upon Exercise. In addition to any other rights available to the Holder, if the Company fails to cause the Transfer Agent to transmit to the Holder the Warrant Shares in accordance with the provisions of Section 2(d)(i) above pursuant to an exercise on or before the Warrant Share Delivery Date, and if after such date the Holder is required by its broker to purchase (in an open market transaction or otherwise) or the Holder’s brokerage firm otherwise purchases, shares of Common Stock to deliver in satisfaction of a sale by the Holder of the Warrant Shares which the Holder anticipated receiving upon such exercise (a “Buy-In”), then the Company shall (A) pay in cash to the Holder the amount, if any, by which (x) the Holder’s total purchase price (including brokerage commissions, if any) for the shares of Common Stock so purchased exceeds (y) the amount obtained by multiplying (1) the number of Warrant Shares that the Company was required to deliver to the Holder in connection with the exercise at issue times (2) the price at which the sell order giving rise to such purchase obligation was executed, and (B) at the option of the Holder (pursuant to notice to be sent by the Holder to the Company within ten (10) days following the Warrant Share Delivery Date; if such notice is not provided by that date, the Company shall instead have the right to decide), either reinstate the portion of the Warrant and equivalent number of Warrant Shares for which such exercise was not honored (in which case such exercise shall be deemed rescinded) or deliver to the Holder the number of shares of Common Stock that would have been issued had the Company timely complied with its exercise and delivery obligations hereunder. For example, if the Holder purchases Common Stock having a total purchase price of $11,000 to cover a Buy-In with respect to an attempted exercise of shares of Common Stock with an aggregate sale price giving rise to such purchase obligation of $10,000, under clause (A) of the immediately preceding sentence the Company shall be required

to pay the Holder $1,000. The Holder shall provide the Company written notice indicating the amounts payable to the Holder in respect of the Buy-In and, upon request of the Company, evidence of the amount of such loss. Nothing herein shall limit a Holder’s right to pursue any other remedies available to it hereunder, at law or in equity including, without limitation, a decree of specific performance and/or injunctive relief with respect to the Company’s failure to timely deliver shares of Common Stock upon exercise of the Warrant as required pursuant to the terms hereof.

v. No Fractional Shares or Scrip. No fractional shares or scrip representing fractional shares shall be issued upon the exercise of this Warrant. As to any fraction of a share which the Holder would otherwise be entitled to purchase upon such exercise, the Company shall, at its election, either pay a cash adjustment in respect of such final fraction in an amount equal to such fraction multiplied by the Exercise Price or round up to the next whole share.

vi. Charges, Taxes and Expenses. Issuance of Warrant Shares shall be made without charge to the Holder for any issue or transfer tax or other incidental expense in respect of the issuance of such Warrant Shares, all of which taxes and expenses shall be paid by the Company, and such Warrant Shares shall be issued in the name of the Holder or in such name or names as may be directed by the Holder; provided, however, that in the event that Warrant Shares are to be issued in a name other than the name of the Holder, this Warrant when surrendered for exercise shall be accompanied by the Assignment Form attached hereto duly executed by the Holder and the Company may require, as a condition thereto, the payment of a sum sufficient to reimburse it for any transfer tax incidental thereto. The Company shall pay all Transfer Agent fees required for same-day processing of any Notice of Exercise and all fees to the Depository Trust Company (or another established clearing corporation performing similar functions) required for same-day electronic delivery of the Warrant Shares.

vii. Closing of Books. The Company will not close its stockholder books or records in any manner which prevents the timely exercise of this Warrant, pursuant to the terms hereof.

e) Holder’s Exercise Limitations. [The Company shall not effect any exercise of this Warrant, and a Holder shall not have the right to exercise any portion of this Warrant, pursuant to Section 2 or otherwise, to the extent that after giving effect to such issuance after exercise as set forth on the applicable Notice of Exercise, the Holder (together with the Holder’s Affiliates, and any other Persons acting as a group together with the Holder or any of the Holder’s Affiliates (such Persons, “Attribution Parties”)), would beneficially own in excess of the Beneficial Ownership Limitation (as defined below). For purposes of the foregoing sentence, the number of shares of Common Stock beneficially owned by the Holder and its Affiliates and Attribution Parties shall include the number of shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of this Warrant with respect to which such determination is being made, but shall exclude the number

of shares of Common Stock which would be issuable upon (i) exercise of the remaining, nonexercised portion of this Warrant beneficially owned by the Holder or any of its Affiliates or Attribution Parties and (ii) exercise or conversion of the unexercised or nonconverted portion of any other securities of the Company (including, without limitation, any other Common Stock Equivalents) subject to a limitation on conversion or exercise analogous to the limitation contained herein beneficially owned by the Holder or any of its Affiliates or Attribution Parties. Except as set forth in the preceding sentence, for purposes of this Section 2(e), beneficial ownership shall be calculated in accordance with Section 13(d) of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder, it being acknowledged by the Holder that the Company is not representing to the Holder that such calculation is in compliance with Section 13(d) of the Exchange Act and the Holder is solely responsible for any schedules required to be filed in accordance therewith. To the extent that the limitation contained in this Section 2(e) applies, the determination of whether this Warrant is exercisable (in relation to other securities owned by the Holder together with any Affiliates and Attribution Parties) and of which portion of this Warrant is exercisable shall be in the sole discretion of the Holder, and the submission of a Notice of Exercise shall be deemed to be the Holder’s determination of whether this Warrant is exercisable (in relation to other securities owned by the Holder together with any Affiliates and Attribution Parties) and of which portion of this Warrant is exercisable, in each case subject to the Beneficial Ownership Limitation, and the Company shall have no obligation to verify or confirm the accuracy of such determination. In addition, a determination as to any group status as contemplated above shall be determined in accordance with Section 13(d) of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder. For purposes of this Section 2(e), in determining the number of outstanding shares of Common Stock, a Holder may rely on the number of outstanding shares of Common Stock as reflected in (A) the Company’s most recent periodic or annual report filed with the Commission, as the case may be, (B) a more recent public announcement by the Company or (C) a more recent written notice by the Company or the Transfer Agent setting forth the number of shares of Common Stock outstanding. Upon the written or oral request of a Holder, the Company shall within one (1) Trading Day confirm orally and in writing to the Holder the number of shares of Common Stock then outstanding. In any case, the number of outstanding shares of Common Stock shall be determined after giving effect to the conversion or exercise of securities of the Company, including this Warrant, by the Holder or its Affiliates or Attribution Parties since the date as of which such number of outstanding shares of Common Stock was reported. The “Beneficial Ownership Limitation” shall be 9.99% of the number of shares of Common Stock outstanding immediately after giving effect to the issuance of shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of this Warrant. The Holder, upon notice to the Company, may increase or decrease the Beneficial Ownership Limitation provisions of this Section 2(e), provided that the Beneficial Ownership Limitation in no event exceeds 9.99% of the number of the shares of Common Stock outstanding immediately after giving effect to the issuance of shares of Common Stock upon exercise of this Warrant held by the Holder and the provisions of this Section 2(e) shall continue to apply. Any increase in the Beneficial Ownership Limitation will not

be effective until the 61st day after such notice is delivered to the Company. The provisions of this paragraph shall be construed and implemented in a manner otherwise than in strict conformity with the terms of this Section 2(e) to correct this paragraph (or any portion hereof) which may be defective or inconsistent with the intended Beneficial Ownership Limitation herein contained or to make changes or supplements necessary or desirable to properly give effect to such limitation. The limitations contained in this paragraph shall apply to a successor holder of this Warrant.]¹

Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Warrant or otherwise, prior to obtaining stockholder approval as required by the rules of the Nasdaq Stock Market, LLC, the Company shall not be required to effect any exercise of this Warrant, and a Holder shall not have the right to exercise any portion of this Warrant, pursuant to this Section 2 or otherwise, if the Company determines in good faith that such exercise would result in requiring a vote of the Company’s stockholders pursuant to the applicable rules of the Trading Market, including, without limitation because such exercise (1) would result in the Holder and its Affiliates and Attribution Parties beneficially owning (x) in excess of 19.99% of the number of shares of Common Stock outstanding immediately after giving effect to the issuance of shares of Common Stock upon exercise of this Warrant and (y) the largest ownership position in the Company, or (2) would otherwise result in a “change of control” of the Company as defined under the rules of the Trading Market.

Section 3. Certain Adjustments.

a) Stock Dividends and Splits. If the Company, at any time while this Warrant is outstanding: (i) pays a stock dividend or otherwise makes a distribution or distributions on shares of its Common Stock or any other equity or equity equivalent securities payable in shares of Common Stock (which, for avoidance of doubt, shall not include any shares of Common Stock issued by the Company upon exercise of this Warrant), (ii) subdivides outstanding shares of Common Stock into a larger number of shares, (iii) combines (including by way of reverse stock split) outstanding shares of Common Stock into a smaller number of shares or (iv) issues by reclassification of shares of Common Stock any shares of capital stock of the Company, then in each case the Exercise Price shall be multiplied by a fraction of which the numerator shall be the number of shares of Common Stock (excluding treasury shares, if any) outstanding immediately before such event and of which the denominator shall be the number of shares of Common Stock outstanding immediately after such event, and the number of shares issuable upon exercise of this Warrant shall be proportionately adjusted such that the aggregate Exercise Price of this Warrant shall remain unchanged, provided that the Exercise Price per share shall in any case be no lower than the par value of the Common Stock. Any adjustment made pursuant to this Section 3(a) shall become effective immediately after the record date for the determination of stockholders entitled to receive such dividend or distribution and shall become effective immediately after the effective date in the case of a subdivision, combination or re-classification.

¹  To be omitted from warrants issued to existing 10% and greater holders.

b) Voluntary Adjustment By Company. The Company may at any time during the term of this Warrant reduce the then current Exercise Price of this Warrant to any amount and for any period of time deemed appropriate by the board of directors of the Company with the prior written consent of holders of a majority of the then outstanding Warrants issued pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, provided that the Exercise Price per underlying share of Common Stock shall be no lower than the par value of the Common Stock as of the relevant time.

c) Fundamental Transaction. If, at any time while this Warrant is outstanding, (i) the Company, directly or indirectly, in one or more related transactions effects any merger or consolidation of the Company with or into another Person, (ii) the Company, directly or indirectly, effects any sale, lease, license, assignment, transfer, conveyance or other disposition of all or substantially all of its assets in one or a series of related transactions, (iii) any, direct or indirect, purchase offer, tender offer or exchange offer (whether by the Company or another Person) is completed pursuant to which holders of shares of Common Stock are permitted to sell, tender or exchange their shares for other securities, cash or property and has been accepted by the holders of 50% or more of the outstanding shares of Common Stock or 50% or more of the voting power of the Common Stock, (iv) the Company, directly or indirectly, in one or more related transactions effects any reclassification, reorganization or recapitalization of the shares of Common Stock or any compulsory share exchange pursuant to which the shares of Common Stock are effectively converted into or exchanged for other securities, cash or property, or (v) the Company, directly or indirectly, in one or more related transactions consummates a stock or share purchase agreement or other business combination (including, without limitation, a reorganization, recapitalization, spin-off or scheme of arrangement) with another Person or group of Persons whereby such other Person or group acquires more than 50% of the outstanding shares of Common Stock or 50% or more of the voting power of the Common Stock (in each case, not including any shares of Common Stock held by the other Person or other Persons making or party to, or associated or affiliated with the other Persons making or party to, such stock or share purchase agreement or other business combination) (each a “Fundamental Transaction”), in each case, other than in connection with an Acquisition (as defined below) which shall be governed by Section 3(d), then, upon any subsequent exercise of this Warrant, the Holder shall have the right to receive, for each Warrant Share that would have been issuable upon such exercise immediately prior to the occurrence of such Fundamental Transaction, at the option of the Holder (without regard to any limitation in Section 2(e) on the exercise of this Warrant), the number of shares of Common Stock of the successor or acquiring corporation or of the Company, if it is the surviving corporation, and any additional consideration (the “Alternate Consideration”) receivable as a result of such Fundamental Transaction by a holder of the number of shares of Common Stock for which this Warrant is exercisable immediately prior to such Fundamental Transaction (without regard to any limitation in Section 2(e) on the exercise of this Warrant). For purposes of any such exercise, the determination of the Exercise Price shall be appropriately adjusted to apply to such Alternate Consideration based on the amount

of Alternate Consideration issuable in respect of one share of Common Stock in such Fundamental Transaction, and the Company shall apportion the Exercise Price among the Alternate Consideration in a reasonable manner reflecting the relative value of any different components of the Alternate Consideration. If holders of shares of Common Stock are given any choice as to the securities, cash or property to be received in a Fundamental Transaction, then the Holder shall be given the same choice as to the Alternate Consideration it receives upon any exercise of this Warrant following such Fundamental Transaction. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary, in the event of a Fundamental Transaction other than in connection with an Acquisition (as defined below), which shall be governed by Section 3(d), the Company or any Successor Entity (as defined below) shall, at the Holder’s option, exercisable at any time concurrently with, or within 30 days after, the consummation of the Fundamental Transaction (or, if later, the date of the public announcement of the applicable Fundamental Transaction), purchase this Warrant from the Holder by paying to the Holder an amount of cash equal to the Black Scholes Value (as defined below) of the remaining unexercised portion of this Warrant on the date of the consummation of such Fundamental Transaction; provided, however, that, if the Fundamental Transaction is not within the Company’s control, including not approved by the Board of Directors, Holder shall only be entitled to receive from the Company or any Successor Entity the same type or form of consideration (and in the same proportion), at the Black Scholes Value of the unexercised portion of this Warrant, that is being offered and paid to the holders of Common Stock of the Company in connection with the Fundamental Transaction, whether that consideration be in the form of cash, stock or any combination thereof, or whether the holders of Common Stock are given the choice to receive from among alternative forms of consideration in connection with the Fundamental Transaction; provided, further, that if holders of Common Stock of the Company are not offered or paid any consideration in such Fundamental Transaction, such holders of Common Stock will be deemed to have receive common stock of the Successor Entity (which Entity may be the Company following such Fundamental Transaction) in such Fundamental Transaction. “Black Scholes Value” means the value of this Warrant based on the Black-Scholes Option Pricing Model obtained from the “OV” function on Bloomberg, L.P. (“Bloomberg”) determined as of the day of consummation of the applicable contemplated Fundamental Transaction for pricing purposes and reflecting (A) a risk-free interest rate corresponding to the U.S. Treasury rate for a period equal to the time between the date of the public announcement of the applicable Fundamental Transaction and the Termination Date, (B) an expected volatility equal to the greater of 100% and the 100 day volatility obtained from the “HVT” function on Bloomberg (determined utilizing a 365 day annualization factor) as of the Trading Day immediately following the public announcement of the applicable contemplated Fundamental Transaction, (C) the underlying price per share used in such calculation shall be the greater of (i) the sum of the price per share being offered in cash, if any, plus the value of any non-cash consideration, if any, being offered in such Fundamental Transaction and (ii) the highest VWAP during the period beginning on the Trading Day immediately preceding the public announcement of the applicable contemplated Fundamental Transaction (or the consummation of the applicable Fundamental Transaction, if

earlier) and ending on the Trading Day of the Holder’s request pursuant to this Section 3(e), (D) a remaining option time equal to the time between the date of the public announcement of the applicable contemplated Fundamental Transaction and the Termination Date, and (E) a zero cost of borrow. The payment of the Black Scholes Value will be made by wire transfer of immediately available funds (or such other consideration) within five Business Days of the Holder’s election (or, if later, on the date of consummation of the Fundamental Transaction). The Company shall cause any successor entity in a Fundamental Transaction in which the Company is not the survivor (the “Successor Entity”) to assume in writing all of the obligations of the Company under this Warrant and the other Transaction Documents in accordance with the provisions of this Section 3(c) pursuant to written agreements in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Holder prior to such Fundamental Transaction and shall, at the option of the Holder, deliver to the Holder in exchange for this Warrant a security of the Successor Entity evidenced by a written instrument substantially similar in form and substance to this Warrant which is exercisable for a corresponding number of shares of capital stock of such Successor Entity (or its parent entity) equivalent to the shares of Common Stock acquirable and receivable upon exercise of this Warrant (without regard to any limitations on the exercise of this Warrant) prior to such Fundamental Transaction, and with an exercise price which applies the exercise price hereunder to such shares of capital stock (but taking into account the relative value of the shares of Common Stock pursuant to such Fundamental Transaction and the value of such shares of capital stock, such number of shares of capital stock and such exercise price being for the purpose of protecting the economic value of this Warrant immediately prior to the consummation of such Fundamental Transaction), and which is reasonably satisfactory in form and substance to the Holder. Upon the occurrence of any such Fundamental Transaction, the Successor Entity shall succeed to, and be substituted for (so that from and after the date of such Fundamental Transaction, the provisions of this Warrant and the other Transaction Documents referring to the “Company” shall refer instead to the Successor Entity), and may exercise every right and power of the Company and shall assume all of the obligations of the Company under this Warrant and the other Transaction Documents with the same effect as if such Successor Entity had been named as the Company herein.

d) Treatment of Warrant Upon Acquisition of Company.

i. Notwithstanding anything in Section 3(c) to the contrary, in the event of any Fundamental Transaction in which the shares underlying the Warrant Shares, including the outstanding Common Stock and/or such other shares or securities issued pursuant to the adjustment provision set forth in Section 3(c,) is converted into or exchanged for only the right to receive cash, which rights may include any future payments, earnouts or contingent value payment that is payable in cash or otherwise has a predetermined cash value (an “Acquisition” and such amount of cash, the “Cash Consideration”), (1) the Company shall provide the Holder at least ten days’ advance written notice of the anticipated closing of such Acquisition, (2) subject to any other limitations on exercise in this Warrant, the Holder shall have the right to exercise the Warrant until the day prior to the

closing of the Acquisition, and (3) if the Holder shall not have elected to exercise this Warrant in full, any outstanding Warrant Shares shall be treated in accordance with Section 3(d)(ii) below.

ii. If, immediately prior to the Acquisition, the Cash Consideration payable upon conversion or exchange of one Warrant Share would be greater than the applicable Exercise Price in effect on such date, then effective upon the consummation of the Acquisition, this Warrant shall automatically be deemed on and as of such date to be converted into only the right to receive an amount in cash equal to (x) the excess of the Cash Consideration payable upon conversion or exchange of one Warrant Share over the Exercise Price in effect on such date, multiplied by (y) the number of Warrant Shares for which this Warrant shall not have previously been exercised. If, immediately prior to the Acquisition, the Cash Consideration payable upon conversion or exchange of one Warrant Share would be less than the applicable Exercise Price in effect on such date, then effective upon the consummation of the Acquisition, this Warrant shall automatically be deemed on and as of such date to be cancelled for no consideration. To the extent that the Cash Consideration includes any future or contingent payment, the fair market value of such future or contingent payment for the purpose of the determination of the Cash Consideration amount under this Section 3(d)(ii) shall be determined in good faith by the Company’s Board of Directors.

e) Calculations. All calculations under this Section 3 shall be made to the nearest cent or the nearest 1/100th of a share, as the case may be. For purposes of this Section 3, the number of shares of Common Stock deemed to be issued and outstanding as of a given date shall be the sum of the number of shares of Common Stock (excluding treasury shares, if any) issued and outstanding.

f) Notice to Holder.

i. Adjustment to Exercise Price. Whenever the Exercise Price is adjusted pursuant to any provision of this Section 3, the Company shall promptly deliver to the Holder by email a notice setting forth the Exercise Price after such adjustment and any resulting adjustment to the number of Warrant Shares and setting forth a brief statement of the facts requiring such adjustment.

ii. Notice to Allow Exercise by Holder. If (A) the Company shall declare a dividend (or any other distribution in whatever form) on the shares of Common Stock, (B) the Company shall declare a special nonrecurring cash dividend on or a redemption of the shares of Common Stock, (C) the Company shall authorize the granting to all holders of the shares of Common Stock rights or warrants to subscribe for or purchase any capital stock of any class or of any rights, (D) the approval of any stockholders of the Company shall be required in connection with any reclassification of the shares of Common Stock (other than a stock split), any consolidation or merger to which the Company is a party, any sale or transfer of all or substantially all of the assets of the Company, or any

compulsory share exchange whereby the shares of Common Stock are converted into other securities, cash or property, or (E) the Company shall authorize the voluntary or involuntary dissolution, liquidation or winding up of the affairs of the Company, then, in each case, the Company shall cause to be delivered by email to the Holder at its last email address as it shall appear upon the Warrant Register of the Company, at least 5 calendar days prior to the applicable record or effective date hereinafter specified, a notice stating (x) the date on which a record is to be taken for the purpose of such dividend, distribution, redemption, rights or warrants, or if a record is not to be taken, the date as of which the holders of the shares of Common Stock of record to be entitled to such dividend, distributions, redemption, rights or warrants are to be determined or (y) the date on which such reclassification, consolidation, merger, sale, transfer or stock exchange is expected to become effective or close, and the date as of which it is expected that holders of the shares of Common Stock of record shall be entitled to exchange their shares of Common Stock for securities, cash or other property deliverable upon such reclassification, consolidation, merger, sale, transfer or stock exchange; provided that the failure to deliver such notice or any defect therein or in the delivery thereof shall not affect the validity of the corporate action required to be specified in such notice and provided, further that no notice shall be required if the information is disseminated in a press release or document filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission. To the extent that any notice provided in this Warrant constitutes, or contains, material, non-public information regarding the Company or any of the Subsidiaries, the Company shall simultaneously file such notice with the Commission pursuant to a Current Report on Form 8-K. The issuance of a press release or the filing of a Form 8-K or other suitable filing with the Commission shall satisfy this notice requirement. The Holder shall remain entitled to exercise this Warrant during the period commencing on the date of such notice to the effective date of the event triggering such notice except as may otherwise be expressly set forth herein.

Section 4. Transfer of Warrant.

a) Transferability. Subject to compliance with any applicable securities laws and the conditions set forth in Section 4(d) hereof and to the provisions of Section 4.1 of the Purchase Agreement, this Warrant and all rights hereunder (including, without limitation, any registration rights) are transferable, in whole or in part, upon surrender of this Warrant at the principal office of the Company or its designated agent, together with a written assignment of this Warrant substantially in the form attached hereto duly executed by the Holder or its agent or attorney and funds sufficient to pay any transfer taxes payable upon the making of such transfer. Upon such surrender and, if required, such payment, the Company shall execute and deliver a new Warrant or Warrants in the name of the assignee or assignees, as applicable, and in the denomination or denominations specified in such instrument of assignment, and shall issue to the assignor a new Warrant evidencing the portion of this Warrant not so assigned, and this Warrant shall promptly be cancelled. Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, the Holder shall not be required to physically surrender this Warrant to the Company unless the Holder has assigned this Warrant in full, in which

case, the Holder shall surrender this Warrant to the Company within three (3) Trading Days of the date on which the Holder delivers an assignment form to the Company assigning this Warrant in full. The Warrant, if properly assigned in accordance herewith, may be exercised by a new holder for the purchase of Warrant Shares without having a new Warrant issued.

b) New Warrants. This Warrant may be divided or combined with other Warrants upon presentation hereof at the aforesaid office of the Company, together with a written notice specifying the names and denominations in which new Warrants are to be issued, signed by the Holder or its agent or attorney. Subject to compliance with Section 4(a), as to any transfer which may be involved in such division or combination, the Company shall execute and deliver a new Warrant or Warrants in exchange for the Warrant or Warrants to be divided or combined in accordance with such notice. All Warrants issued on transfers or exchanges shall be dated the Issue Date of this Warrant and shall be identical with this Warrant except as to the number of Warrant Shares issuable pursuant thereto.

c) Warrant Register. The Company shall register this Warrant, upon records to be maintained by the Company for that purpose (the “Warrant Register”), in the name of the record Holder hereof from time to time. The Company may deem and treat the registered Holder of this Warrant as the absolute owner hereof for the purpose of any exercise hereof or any distribution to the Holder, and for all other purposes, absent actual notice to the contrary.

d) Transfer Restrictions. If, at the time of the surrender of this Warrant in connection with any transfer of this Warrant, the transfer of this Warrant shall not be either (i) registered pursuant to an effective registration statement under the Securities Act and under applicable state securities or blue sky laws or (ii) eligible for resale without volume or manner-of-sale restrictions or current public information requirements pursuant to Rule 144, the Company may require, as a condition of allowing such transfer, that the Holder or transferee of this Warrant, as the case may be, comply with the provisions of Section 5.7 of the Purchase Agreement.

e) Representation by the Holder. The Holder, by the acceptance hereof, represents and warrants that it is acquiring this Warrant and, upon any exercise hereof, will acquire the Warrant Shares issuable upon such exercise, for its own account and not with a view to or for distributing or reselling such Warrant Shares or any part thereof in violation of the Securities Act or any applicable state securities law, except pursuant to sales registered or exempted under the Securities Act.

Section 5. Miscellaneous.

a) No Rights as Stockholder Until Exercise. This Warrant does not entitle the Holder to any voting rights, dividends or other rights as a stockholder of the Company prior to the exercise hereof as set forth in Section 2(d)(i), except as expressly set forth in Section 3.

b) Loss, Theft, Destruction or Mutilation of Warrant. The Company covenants that upon receipt by the Company of evidence reasonably satisfactory to it of the loss, theft, destruction or mutilation of this Warrant or any stock certificate relating to the Warrant Shares, and in case of loss, theft or destruction, of indemnity or security reasonably satisfactory to it (which, in the case of the Warrant, shall not include the posting of any bond), and upon surrender and cancellation of such Warrant or stock certificate, if mutilated, the Company will make and deliver a new Warrant or stock certificate of like tenor and dated as of such cancellation, in lieu of such Warrant or stock certificate.

c) Saturdays, Sundays, Holidays, etc. If the last or appointed day for the taking of any action or the expiration of any right required or granted herein shall not be a Business Day and a Trading Day, then, such action may be taken or such right may be exercised on the next succeeding day that is a Business Day and a Trading Day.

d) Authorized Shares. The Company covenants that, during the period the Warrant is outstanding, it will reserve from its authorized and unissued shares of Common Stock a sufficient number of shares to provide for the issuance of the Warrant Shares upon the exercise of any purchase rights under this Warrant. The Company further covenants that its issuance of this Warrant shall constitute full authority to its officers who are charged with the duty of issuing the necessary Warrant Shares upon the exercise of the purchase rights under this Warrant. The Company will take all such reasonable action as may be necessary to assure that such Warrant Shares may be issued as provided herein without violation of any applicable law or regulation, or of any requirements of the Trading Market upon which the shares of Common Stock may be listed. The Company covenants that all Warrant Shares which may be issued upon the exercise of the purchase rights represented by this Warrant will, upon exercise of the purchase rights represented by this Warrant and payment for such Warrant Shares in accordance herewith, be duly authorized, validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable and free from all taxes, liens and charges created by the Company in respect of the issue thereof (other than taxes in respect of any transfer occurring contemporaneously with such issue).

Except and to the extent as waived or consented to by the Holder, the Company shall not by any action, including, without limitation, amending its certificate of incorporation or through any reorganization, transfer of assets, consolidation, merger, dissolution, issue or sale of securities or any other voluntary action, avoid or seek to avoid the observance or performance of any of the terms of this Warrant, but will at all times in good faith assist in the carrying out of all such terms and in the taking of all such actions as may be necessary or appropriate to protect the rights of Holder as set forth in this Warrant against impairment. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the Company will (i) not increase the par value of any Warrant Shares above the amount payable therefor upon such exercise immediately prior to such increase in par value, (ii) take all such action as may be necessary or appropriate in order that the Company may validly and legally issue fully paid and nonassessable Warrant Shares upon the exercise of this Warrant and (iii) use commercially reasonable efforts to obtain all such authorizations, exemptions or consents from any public regulatory body having jurisdiction thereof, as may be, necessary to enable the Company to perform its obligations under this Warrant.

Before taking any action which would result in an adjustment in the number of Warrant Shares for which this Warrant is exercisable or in the Exercise Price, the Company shall obtain all such authorizations or exemptions thereof, or consents thereto, as may be necessary from any public regulatory body or bodies having jurisdiction thereof.

e) Jurisdiction. All questions concerning the construction, validity, enforcement and interpretation of this Warrant shall be governed by and construed and enforced in accordance with the internal laws of the State of New York, without regard to the principles of conflicts of law thereof. Each party agrees that all legal proceedings concerning the interpretations, enforcement and defense of this Warrant shall be commenced in the state and federal courts sitting in the City of New York. Each party hereby irrevocably submits to the exclusive jurisdiction of the state and federal courts sitting in the City of New York, Borough of Manhattan for the adjudication of any dispute hereunder or in connection herewith or with any transaction contemplated hereby or discussed herein, and hereby irrevocably waives, and agrees not to assert in any suit, action or proceeding, any claim that it is not personally subject to the jurisdiction of any such court, that such suit, action or proceeding is improper or is an inconvenient venue for such proceeding. Each party hereby irrevocably waives personal service of process and consents to process being served in any such suit, action or proceeding by mailing a copy thereof via registered or certified mail or overnight delivery (with evidence of delivery) to such party at the address in effect for notices to it under this Warrant and agrees that such service shall constitute good and sufficient service of process and notice thereof. Nothing contained herein shall be deemed to limit in any way any right to serve process in any other manner permitted by law. If either party shall commence an action, suit or proceeding to enforce any provisions of this Warrant, the prevailing party in such action, suit or proceeding shall be reimbursed by the other party for their reasonable attorneys’ fees and other costs and expenses incurred with the investigation, preparation and prosecution of such action or proceeding.

f) Restrictions. The Holder acknowledges that the Warrant Shares acquired upon the exercise of this Warrant, if not registered and the Holder does not utilize cashless exercise, will have restrictions upon resale imposed by state and federal securities laws.

g) Nonwaiver and Expenses. No course of dealing or any delay or failure to exercise any right hereunder on the part of Holder shall operate as a waiver of such right or otherwise prejudice the Holder’s rights, powers or remedies, notwithstanding the fact that the Holder’s right to exercise this Warrant terminates on the Termination Date. If the Company willfully and knowingly fails to comply with any provision of this Warrant, which results in any material damages to the Holder, the Company shall pay to the Holder such amounts as shall be sufficient to cover any costs and expenses

including, but not limited to, reasonable attorneys’ fees, including those of appellate proceedings, incurred by the Holder in collecting any amounts due pursuant hereto or in otherwise enforcing any of its rights, powers or remedies hereunder.

h) Notices. Any notices, consents, waivers or other document or communications required or permitted to be given or delivered under the terms of this Warrant, including, without limitation, any Notice of Exercise, must be in writing and will be deemed to have been delivered: (i) upon receipt, if delivered personally; (ii) when sent, if sent by e-mail (provided that such sent e-mail is kept on file (whether electronically or otherwise) by the sending party and the sending party does not receive an automatically generated message from the recipient’s e-mail server that such e-mail could not be delivered to such recipient) and (iii) if sent by overnight courier service, one (1) Trading Day after deposit with an overnight courier service with next day delivery specified, in each case, properly addressed to the party to receive the same. The addresses and e-mail addresses for such communications shall be:

If to the Company:

IO Biotech, Inc.

Ole Maaløes Vej 3

DKK-220 Copenhagen N

Denmark

Attention: Mai-Britt Zocca

Email: mz@iobiotech.com

With a copy (for informational purposes only) to:

Sidley Austin

555 California Street, Suite 2000

San Francisco, CA 94104

USA

Attention: Frank Rahmani

E-mail: frahmani@sidley.com

If to a Holder, to its address or e-mail address set forth herein or on the books and records of the Company.

i) Limitation of Liability. No provision hereof, in the absence of any affirmative action by the Holder to exercise this Warrant to purchase Warrant Shares, and no enumeration herein of the rights or privileges of the Holder, shall give rise to any liability of the Holder for the purchase price of any shares of Common Stock or as a stockholder of the Company, whether such liability is asserted by the Company or by creditors of the Company.

j) Remedies. The Holder, in addition to being entitled to exercise all rights granted by law, including recovery of damages, will be entitled to specific performance of its

rights under this Warrant. The Company agrees that monetary damages would not be adequate compensation for any loss incurred by reason of a breach by it of the provisions of this Warrant and hereby agrees to waive and not to assert the defense in any action for specific performance that a remedy at law would be adequate.

k) Successors and Assigns. Subject to applicable securities laws, this Warrant and the rights and obligations evidenced hereby shall inure to the benefit of and be binding upon the successors and permitted assigns of the Company and the successors and permitted assigns of Holder. The provisions of this Warrant are intended to be for the benefit of any Holder from time to time of this Warrant and shall be enforceable by the Holder or holder of Warrant Shares.

l) Amendment. This Warrant may be modified or amended or the provisions hereof waived with the written consent of the Company and the Holder; provided, however, that the second paragraph of Section 2(e) of this Warrant may not be modified or amended or waived prior to obtaining stockholder approval.

m) Severability. Wherever possible, each provision of this Warrant shall be interpreted in such manner as to be effective and valid under applicable law, but if any provision of this Warrant shall be prohibited by or invalid under applicable law, such provision shall be ineffective to the extent of such prohibition or invalidity, without invalidating the remainder of such provisions or the remaining provisions of this Warrant.

n) Headings. The headings used in this Warrant are for the convenience of reference only and shall not, for any purpose, be deemed a part of this Warrant.

(Signature Page Follows)

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Company has caused this Warrant to be executed by its officer thereunto duly authorized as of the date first above indicated.

IO BIOTECH, INC.

By:

Name:

Title:

EXHIBIT A

NOTICE OF EXERCISE

TO: IO BIOTECH, INC.

(1) The undersigned hereby elects to purchase              Warrant Shares of the Company pursuant to the terms of the attached Warrant (only if exercised in full), and tenders herewith payment of the exercise price in full, together with all applicable transfer taxes, if any.

(2) Payment shall take the form of (check applicable box):

[    ] in lawful money of the United States; or

[    ] if permitted, the cancellation of such number of Warrant Shares as is necessary, in accordance with the formula set forth in subsection 2(c), to exercise this Warrant with respect to the maximum number of Warrant Shares purchasable pursuant to the cashless exercise procedure set forth in subsection 2(c).

(3) Please issue said Warrant Shares in the name of the undersigned or in such other name as is specified below:

The Warrant Shares shall be delivered to the following DWAC Account Number:

(4) Accredited Investor. The undersigned is an “accredited investor” as defined in Regulation D promulgated under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.

[SIGNATURE OF HOLDER]

Name of Investing Entity:

Signature of Authorized Signatory of Investing Entity:

Name of Authorized Signatory:

Title of Authorized Signatory:

Date:

EXHIBIT B

ASSIGNMENT FORM

(To assign the foregoing Warrant, execute this form and supply required information. Do not use this form to purchase shares.)

FOR VALUE RECEIVED, the foregoing Warrant and all rights evidenced thereby are hereby assigned to

Name:
	(Please Print)
Address:
	(Please Print)

Phone Number:

Email Address:

Dated:

Holder’s Signature:

Holder’s Address:

EX-10.1

Exhibit 10.1

SECURITIES PURCHASE AGREEMENT

BY AND AMONG

IO BIOTECH, INC.,

AND

THE PURCHASERS

AS SET FORTH HEREIN

AUGUST 7, 2023

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1.	Definitions		1
2.	Purchase and Sale of Securities		5
	2.1	Purchase and Sale	5
	2.2	Closing	6
3.	Representations and Warranties of the Company		6
	3.1	Organization and Power	6
	3.2	Capitalization	7
	3.3	Registration Rights	7
	3.4	Authorization	7
	3.5	Valid Issuance	7
	3.6	No Conflict	8
	3.7	Consents	8
	3.8	SEC Filings; Financial Statements	9
	3.9	Absence of Changes	9
	3.10	Absence of Litigation	9
	3.11	Compliance with Law; Permits	10
	3.12	Intellectual Property	10
	3.13	Employee Benefits	11
	3.14	Taxes	11
	3.15	Environmental Laws	11
	3.16	Title	12
	3.17	Insurance	12
	3.18	Nasdaq Stock Market	12
	3.19	Sarbanes-Oxley Act	12
	3.20	Clinical Data and Regulatory Compliance	12
	3.21	Compliance with Health Care Laws	13
	3.22	Accounting Controls and Disclosure Controls and Procedures	14
	3.23	Price Stabilization of Common Stock	14
	3.24	Investment Company Act	14
	3.25	General Solicitation; No Integration or Aggregation	14
	3.26	Brokers and Finders	15
	3.27	Reliance by the Purchasers	15
	3.28	No Disqualification Events	15
	3.29	No Additional Agreements	15
	3.30	Anti-Bribery and Anti-Money Laundering Laws	15
	3.31	Cybersecurity	16
	3.32	Compliance with Data Privacy Laws	16
	3.33	Transactions with Affiliates and Employees	16
4.	Representations and Warranties of Each Purchaser		17
	4.1	Organization	17
	4.2	Authorization	17
	4.3	No Conflict	17

i

	4.4	Residency	18
	4.5	Brokers and Finders	18
	4.6	Investment Representations and Warranties	18
	4.7	Intent	18
	4.8	Investment Experience; Ability to Protect Its Own Interests and Bear Economic Risks	18
	4.9	Independent Investment Decision	19
	4.10	Securities Not Registered; Legends	19
	4.11	Placement Agents	20
	4.12	No General Solicitation	20
	4.13	Access to Information	21
	4.14	Certain Trading Activities	21
	4.15	Disqualification Event	22
5.	Covenants		22
	5.1	Further Assurances	22
	5.2	Listing	22
	5.3	Disclosure of Transactions	22
	5.4	Integration	23
	5.5	Subsequent Equity Sales	23
	5.6	Use of Proceeds	23
	5.7	Removal of Legends	23
	5.8	Withholding Taxes	24
	5.9	Fees and Taxes	24
	5.10	No Conflicting Agreements	24
	5.11	Reporting Status	24
6.	Conditions of Closing		25
	6.1	Conditions to the Obligation of the Purchasers	25
	6.2	Conditions to the Obligation of the Company	26
7.	Termination		27
	7.1	Termination	27
	7.2	Notice	27
8.	Miscellaneous Provisions		27
	8.1	Public Statements or Releases	27
	8.2	Notices	28
	8.3	Severability	29
	8.4	Governing Law; Submission to Jurisdiction; Venue; Waiver of Trial by Jury	29
	8.5	Waiver	30
	8.6	Expenses	30
	8.7	Assignment	30
	8.8	Confidential Information	30
	8.9	Reliance by and Exculpation of Placement Agents	31
	8.10	Third Parties	32
	8.11	Independent Nature of Purchasers’ Obligations and Right	32

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8.12	Counterparts	32
8.13	Entire Agreement; Amendments	32
8.14	Survival	33
8.15	Mutual Drafting	33
8.16	Additional Matters	33

Exhibits
Exhibit A Purchasers	A-1
Exhibit B Form of Registration Rights Agreement	B-1
Exhibit C Form of Warrant	C-1

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This SECURITIES PURCHASE AGREEMENT (this “Agreement”) is dated as of August 7, 2023, by and among IO Biotech, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), and the entities listed on Exhibit A attached to this Agreement (each, a “Purchaser” and together, the “Purchasers”).

WHEREAS, the Company and the Purchasers are executing and delivering this Agreement in reliance upon the exemption from securities registration afforded by Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”);

WHEREAS, the Company desires to sell to the Purchasers, and each Purchaser desires to purchase from the Company, severally and not jointly, upon the terms and subject to the conditions stated in this Agreement, (A) shares (the “Shares”) of the Company’s common stock, par value $0.001 per share (the “Common Stock”) and (B) warrants to purchase Common Stock (the “Warrants”); and

WHEREAS, contemporaneously with the sale of the Shares and Warrants, the parties hereto will execute and deliver a Registration Rights Agreement, substantially in the form attached hereto as Exhibit B, pursuant to which the Company will agree to provide certain registration rights in respect of the Shares and the Warrant Shares (as defined below) under the Securities Act and applicable state securities laws.

NOW THEREFORE, in consideration of the mutual agreements, representations, warranties and covenants herein contained, the Company and each Purchaser, severally and not jointly, agree as follows:

1. Definitions. As used in this Agreement, the following terms shall have the following respective meanings:

“2023 SEC Reports” shall mean (a) the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022 and (b) any Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q or any Current Reports on Form 8-K filed or furnished (as applicable) by the Company after December 31, 2022, together in each case with any documents incorporated by reference therein or exhibits thereto.

“Affiliate” shall mean, with respect to any Person, any other Person that, directly or indirectly through one or more intermediates, controls, is controlled by or is under common control with such Person.

“Agreement” has the meaning set forth in the recitals hereof.

“Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation” shall mean the Certificate of Incorporation of the Company, as currently in effect.

“Amended and Restated Bylaws” shall mean the Bylaws of the Company, as currently in effect.

“Benefit Plan” or “Benefit Plans” shall mean employee benefit plans as defined in Section 3(3) of ERISA and all other employee benefit practices or arrangements, including, without limitation, any such practices or arrangements providing severance pay, sick leave, vacation pay,

salary continuation for disability, retirement benefits, deferred compensation, bonus pay, incentive pay, stock options or other stock-based compensation, hospitalization insurance, medical insurance, life insurance, scholarships or tuition reimbursements, maintained by the Company or to which the Company or any of its Subsidiaries is obligated to contribute for employees or former employees of the Company and its Subsidiaries.

“Board of Directors” means the board of directors of the Company.

“Closing” has the meaning set forth in Section 2.2 hereof.

“Closing Date” shall mean August 9, 2023.

“Code” shall mean the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended.

“Common Stock” has the meaning set forth in the recitals hereof.

“Common Stock Equivalents” means any securities of the Company which would entitle the holder thereof to acquire at any time Common Stock, including, without limitation, any debt, preferred stock, rights, options, warrants or other instrument that is at any time convertible into or exchangeable for, or otherwise entitles the holder thereof to receive, Common Stock.

“Company” has the meaning set forth in the recitals hereof.

“Confidential Data” has the meaning set forth in Section 3.31 hereof.

“Disclosure Document” has the meaning set forth in Section 5.3 hereof.

“Drug Regulatory Agency” shall mean the United States Federal Drug Administration (“FDA”) or other foreign, state, local or comparable governmental authority responsible for regulation of the research, development, testing, manufacturing, processing, storage, labeling, sale, marketing, advertising, distribution and importation or exportation of drug or biological products and drug or biological product candidates.

“Environmental Laws” has the meaning set forth in Section 3.15 hereof.

“ERISA” shall mean the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended.

“Exchange Act” shall mean the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and all of the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.

“Financial Statements” has the meaning set forth in Section 3.8(b) hereof.

“GAAP” has the meaning set forth in Section 3.8(b) hereof.

“GDPR” has the meaning set forth in Section 3.32 hereof.

“Governmental Authorizations” has the meaning set forth in Section 3.11 hereof.

“Health Care Laws” has the meaning set forth in Section 3.21 hereof .

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“HIPAA” has the meaning set forth in Section 3.31 hereof.

“Intellectual Property” has the meaning set forth in Section 3.12 hereof.

“IT Systems” has the meaning set forth in Section 3.31 hereof.

“Material Adverse Effect” shall mean any change, event, circumstance, development, condition, occurrence or effect that, individually or in the aggregate, (a) was, is, or would reasonably be expected to be, materially adverse to the business, financial condition, properties, assets, liabilities, stockholders’ equity or results of operations of the Company and its Subsidiaries, taken as a whole, or (b) materially delays or materially impairs the ability of the Company to comply, or prevents the Company from complying, with its obligations under this Agreement, the other Transaction Documents, or with respect to the Closing or would reasonably be expected to do so; provided, however, that none of the following will be deemed in themselves, either alone or in combination, to constitute, and that none of the following will be taken into account in determining whether there has been or will be, a Material Adverse Effect under subclause (a) of this definition:

(i) any change generally affecting the economy, financial markets or political, economic or regulatory conditions in the United States or any other geographic region in which the Company conducts business, provided that the Company is not disproportionately affected thereby;

(ii) general financial, credit or capital market conditions, including interest rates or exchange rates, or any changes therein, provided that the Company is not disproportionately affected thereby;

(iii) any change that generally affects industries in which the Company and its Subsidiaries conduct business, provided that the Company is not disproportionately affected thereby;

(iv) earthquakes, hurricanes, tsunamis, tornadoes, floods, mudslides, fires or other natural disasters, weather conditions, global pandemics, including the COVID-19 pandemic and related strains, epidemic or similar health emergency, and other force majeure events in the United States or any other location, provided that the Company is not disproportionately affected thereby;

(v) national or international political or social conditions (or changes in such conditions), whether or not pursuant to the declaration of a national emergency or war, or the occurrence of any military or terrorist attack, provided that the Company is not disproportionately affected thereby;

(iv) material changes in laws after the date of this Agreement; and

(vi) in and of itself, any material failure by the Company to meet any published or internally prepared estimates of revenues, expenses, earnings or other economic performance for any period ending on or after the date of this Agreement (it being understood that the facts and circumstances giving rise to such failure may be deemed to constitute, and may be taken into account in determining whether there has been, a Material Adverse Effect to the extent that such facts and circumstances are not otherwise described in clauses (i)-(v) of this definition).

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“National Exchange” means any of the following markets or exchanges on which the Common Stock is listed or quoted for trading on the date in question, together with any successor thereto: the NYSE American, The New York Stock Exchange, the Nasdaq Global Market, the Nasdaq Global Select Market and the Nasdaq Capital Market.

“Per Share Price” means $2.025.

“Person” shall mean an individual, partnership, corporation, limited liability company, business trust, joint stock company, trust, unincorporated association, joint venture or any other entity or organization.

“Personal Data” has the meaning set forth in Section 3.31 hereof.

“Placement Agents” mean Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC and Piper Sandler & Co.

“Privacy Laws” has the meaning set forth in Section 3.32 hereof.

“Privacy Statements” has the meaning set forth in Section 3.32 hereof.

“Process” or “Processing” has the meaning set forth in Section 3.32 hereof.

“Purchaser” and “Purchasers” have the meanings set forth in the recitals hereof.

“Purchaser Adverse Effect” has the meaning set forth in Section 4.3 hereof.

“Registration Rights Agreement” has the meaning set forth in Section 6.1(j) hereof.

“Regulatory Agencies” has the meaning set forth in Section 3.20 hereof.

“Rule 144” means Rule 144 promulgated by the SEC pursuant to the Securities Act, as such Rule may be amended from time to time, or any similar rule or regulation hereafter adopted by the SEC having substantially the same effect as such Rule.

“SEC” means the United States Securities and Exchange Commission.

“SEC Reports” has the meaning set forth in Section 3.8(a) hereof.

“Securities Act” has the meaning set forth in the recitals hereof.

“Shares” has the meaning set forth in the recitals hereof.

“Short Sales” include, without limitation, (i) all “short sales” as defined in Rule 200 promulgated under Regulation SHO under the Exchange Act, whether or not against the box, and all types of direct and indirect stock pledges, forward sale contracts, options, puts, calls, short sales,

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swaps, “put equivalent positions” (as defined in Rule 16a-1(h) under the Exchange Act) and similar arrangements (including on a total return basis), and (ii) sales and other transactions through non-U.S. broker dealers or non-U.S. regulated brokers (but shall not be deemed to include the location and/or reservation of borrowable shares of Common Stock).

“Subsidiaries” has the meaning set forth in Section 3.1 hereof.

“Tax Returns” shall mean returns, reports, information statements and other documentation (including any additional or supporting material) filed or maintained, or required to be filed or maintained, in connection with the calculation, determination, assessment or collection of any Tax and shall include any amended returns required as a result of examination adjustments made by the Internal Revenue Service or other Tax authority.

“Tax” or “Taxes” shall mean any and all federal, state, local, foreign and other taxes, levies, fees, imposts, duties and charges of whatever kind (including any interest, penalties or additions to the tax imposed in connection therewith or with respect thereto), whether or not imposed on the Company, including, without limitation, taxes imposed on, or measured by, income, franchise, profits or gross receipts, and also ad valorem, value added, sales, use, service, real or personal property, capital stock, license, payroll, withholding, employment, social security, workers’ compensation, unemployment compensation, utility, severance, production, excise, stamp, occupation, premium, windfall profits, transfer and gains taxes and customs duties.

“Transaction Agreements” shall mean this Agreement, the Warrants, and the Registration Rights Agreement.

“Transfer Agent” shall mean, with respect to the Common Stock, Computershare Trust Company, N.A., or such other financial institution that provides transfer agent services as the Company may engage from time to time.

“Transfer Taxes” shall mean all real property transfer, sales, use, value added, stamp, documentary, recording, registration, conveyance, stock transfer, intangible property transfer, personal property transfer, gross receipts, registration, duty, securities transactions or similar fees or Taxes (together with any interest, penalty, or addition thereto) incurred in connection with the transactions contemplated by this Agreement.

“Warrants” has the meaning set forth in the recitals hereof.

2. Purchase and Sale of Securities.

2.1 Purchase and Sale. On the Closing Date, upon the terms and subject to the conditions set forth herein, the Company agrees to sell, and the Purchasers, severally and not jointly, agree to purchase, up to an aggregate of $75.1 million of Shares and Warrants, with a purchase price per Share and Warrant equal to the Per Share Price. Subject to and upon the terms and conditions set forth in this Agreement, at the Closing, the Company shall issue and sell to each Purchaser, and each Purchaser, severally and not jointly, shall purchase from the Company, (A) that number of Shares equal to (x) the dollar amount set forth opposite such Purchaser’s name on Exhibit A under the heading “Aggregate Purchase Price” divided by (y) the Per Share Price, rounded down to the nearest whole share, and (B) a Warrant in the form attached hereto as Exhibit C

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exercisable for a number of shares of Common Stock equal to the aggregate number of Shares purchased by such Purchaser at the Closing, rounded down to the nearest whole share. The Shares and the Warrants to be issued in the Closing (as defined below) are collectively referred to herein as the “Securities.”

2.2 Closing. Subject to the satisfaction or waiver of the conditions set forth in Section 5.8 of this Agreement, the closing of the purchase and sale of the Securities (the “Closing”) shall occur remotely via the exchange of documents and signatures on the Closing Date to be agreed to by the Company and the Purchaser but (i) in no event earlier than the second Business Day after the date hereof and (ii) in no event later than the fifth Business Day after the date hereof, or at such other time, date and location as the Company and the Purchaser may mutually agree in writing. At the Closing, the Shares shall be issued and registered in the name of such Purchaser, or in such nominee name(s) as designated by such Purchaser, representing the number of Shares to be purchased by such Purchaser at such Closing as set forth in Exhibit A, in each case against payment to the Company of the purchase price therefor in full, by wire transfer to the Company of immediately available funds, at or prior to the Closing, in accordance with wire instructions provided by the Company to the Purchasers prior to the Closing, to an account to be designated by the Company (which shall not be an escrow account). At the Closing, the Company shall deliver to such Purchaser, or in such nominee name(s) as designated by such Purchaser, a Warrant in the form attached hereto as Exhibit C exercisable for a number of shares of Common Stock equal to the aggregate number of Shares purchased by such Purchaser at the Closing, rounded down to the nearest whole share, in each case against payment to the Company of the purchase price therefor in full, by wire transfer to the Company of immediately available funds, at or prior to the Closing, in accordance with wire instructions provided by the Company to the Purchasers prior to the Closing, to an account to be designated by the Company (which shall not be an escrow account). On the Closing Date, the Company will issue the Shares in book-entry form, free and clear of all restrictive and other legends (except as expressly provided in Section 4.10 hereof) and shall provide evidence of such issuance from the Company’s Transfer Agent as of the Closing Date to each Purchaser. The failure of the Closing to occur on the Closing Date shall not terminate this Agreement or otherwise relieve any party of any of its obligations hereunder.

3. Representations and Warranties of the Company. The Company hereby represents and warrants to each of the Purchasers and the Placement Agents that the statements contained in this Section 3 are true and correct as of the date hereof and the Closing Date (except for the representations and warranties that speak as of a specific date, which shall be made as of such date):

3.1 Organization and Power. The Company is a corporation duly organized, validly existing and in good standing under the laws of the State of Delaware, has the requisite power and authority to own, lease and operate its properties and to carry on its business as now conducted and is qualified to do business in each jurisdiction in which the character of its properties or the nature of its business requires such qualification, except where such failure to be in good standing or to have such power and authority or to so qualify would not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect. As of the date hereof, the Company has the following subsidiaries: IO Biotech ApS, IO Bio US, Inc., and IO Biotech Limited (the “Subsidiaries”). Each of the

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Subsidiaries is duly incorporated and validly existing and in good standing under the laws of the jurisdiction of its incorporation and has the requisite power and authority to carry on their business as now conducted and to own or lease its properties. Each of the Subsidiaries is duly qualified to do business as a foreign corporation and is in good standing in each jurisdiction in which such qualification is required unless the failure to so qualify has not had and would not reasonably be expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, a Material Adverse Effect.

3.2 Capitalization. The authorized capital stock of the Company consists of 300,000,000 shares of Common Stock and 5,000,000 shares of preferred stock, par value $0.001 per share. The Company’s disclosure of its issued and outstanding capital stock in the 2023 SEC Reports containing such disclosure was accurate in all material respects as of the date indicated in such 2023 SEC Reports. All of the issued and outstanding shares of Common Stock have been duly authorized and validly issued and are fully paid and non-assessable. None of the outstanding shares of capital stock of the Company were issued in violation of any preemptive or other similar rights of any securityholder of the Company which have not been waived.

3.3 Registration Rights. Except as set forth in the Transaction Agreements or as disclosed in the 2023 SEC Reports, the Company is presently not under any obligation, and has not granted any rights, to register under the Securities Act any of the Company’s presently outstanding securities or any of its securities that may hereafter be issued that have not expired or been satisfied or waived.

3.4 Authorization. The Company has all requisite corporate power and authority to enter into the Transaction Agreements and to carry out and perform its obligations under the terms of the Transaction Agreements. All corporate action on the part of the Company, its officers, directors and stockholders necessary for the authorization of the Shares and the shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of the Warrants (the “Warrant Shares”), the authorization, execution, delivery and performance of the Transaction Agreements and the consummation of the transactions contemplated herein has been taken. This Agreement has been duly executed and delivered by the Company and assuming the due authorization, execution and delivery by each Purchaser and that this Agreement constitutes the legal, valid and binding agreement of each Purchaser, this Agreement constitutes a legal, valid and binding obligation of the Company, enforceable against the Company in accordance with its terms, except as such enforceability may be limited by bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium and similar laws relating to or affecting creditors generally or by general equity principles (regardless of whether such enforceability is considered in a proceeding in equity or at law). Upon their respective execution by the Company and the other parties thereto and assuming that they constitute legal, valid and binding agreements of the other parties thereto, the Registration Rights Agreement will constitute a legal, valid and binding obligation of the Company, enforceable against the Company in accordance with its terms, except as such enforceability may be limited by bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium and similar laws relating to or affecting creditors generally or by general equity principles (regardless of whether such enforceability is considered in a proceeding in equity or at law).

3.5 Valid Issuance. The Shares being purchased by the Purchasers hereunder, upon issuance pursuant to the terms hereof, against full payment therefor in accordance with the terms of this Agreement, will be duly and validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable and will be

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issued free and clear of any liens or other restrictions (other than those as provided in the Transaction Documents or restrictions on transfer under applicable state and federal securities laws) and the holder of the Shares shall be entitled to all rights accorded to a holder of Company Common Stock. The Warrant Shares, upon issuance pursuant to the terms of the Warrants, against full payment therefor in accordance with the terms of the Warrants, will be duly and validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable and will be issued free and clear of any liens or other restrictions (other than those as provided in the Transaction Documents or restrictions on transfer under applicable state and federal securities laws) and the holder of the Warrant Shares shall be entitled to all rights accorded to a holder of Company Common Stock. Subject to the accuracy of the representations and warranties made by the Purchasers in Section 4 hereof, the offer and sale of the Securities to the Purchasers is and will be in compliance with applicable exemptions from (i) the registration and prospectus delivery requirements of the Securities Act and (ii) the registration and qualification requirements of applicable securities laws of the states of the United States.

3.6 No Conflict. The execution, delivery and performance of the Transaction Agreements by the Company, the issuance of the Securities and the consummation of the other transactions contemplated hereby will not (i) violate any provision of the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation or Amended and Restated Bylaws of the Company, (ii) conflict with or result in a violation of or default (with or without notice or lapse of time, or both) under, or give rise to a right of termination, cancellation or acceleration of any obligation, a change of control right or to a loss of a benefit under any agreement or instrument, credit facility, franchise, license, judgment, order, statute, law, ordinance, rule or regulations, applicable to the Company or its properties or assets, or (iii) result in a violation of any law, rule, regulation, order, judgment, injunction, decree or other restriction of any court or governmental authority to which the Company is subject (including federal and state securities laws and regulations) and the rules and regulations of any self-regulatory organization to which the Company or its securities are subject, or by which any property or asset of the Company is bound or affected, except, in the case of clauses (ii) and (iii), as would not, individually or in the aggregate, be reasonably expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.

3.7 Consents. Assuming the accuracy of the representations and warranties of the Purchasers, no consent, approval, authorization, filing with or order of or registration with, any court or governmental agency or body is required in connection with the transactions contemplated herein, except such as (a) have been or will be obtained or made under the Securities Act or the Exchange Act, (b) the filing of any requisite notices and/or application(s) to the National Exchange for the issuance and sale of the Shares or the Warrant Shares and the listing of the Shares or the Warrant Shares for trading or quotation, as the case may be, thereon in the time and manner required thereby, (c) are required to consummate the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Agreements including the filings with the SEC of the Transaction Documents and the filing of the registration statement required to be filed by the Registration Rights Agreement, or (d) may be required under any applicable securities, or blue sky, laws of any state jurisdiction in connection with the offer and sale of the Securities or the Warrant Shares by the Company in the manner contemplated herein or such that the failure of which to obtain would not have a Material Adverse Effect. All notices, consents, authorizations, orders, filings and registrations which the Company is required to deliver or obtain prior to the Closing pursuant to the preceding sentence have been obtained or made or will be delivered or obtained or effected, and shall remain in full force and effect, on or prior to the Closing.

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3.8 SEC Filings; Financial Statements.

(a) The Company has timely filed or furnished, as applicable, all forms, statements, certifications, reports and documents required to be filed or furnished by it with the SEC under the Exchange Act or the Securities Act for the one year preceding the date hereof (the “SEC Reports”). As of the time it was filed with, or furnished to, the SEC (or, if amended or superseded by a filing prior to the date of this Agreement, then on the date of such filing), each of the SEC Reports complied in all material respects with the applicable requirements of the Securities Act or the Exchange Act (as the case may be) and, as of the time they were filed or furnished, none of the SEC Reports contained any untrue statement of a material fact or omitted to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary in order to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. There are no outstanding or unresolved comments in comment letters received from the SEC staff with respect to the SEC Reports. None of the SEC Reports is the subject of an ongoing SEC review.

(b) The financial statements of the Company included in the SEC Reports (collectively, the “Financial Statements”) comply in all material respects with applicable accounting requirements and the rules and regulations of the SEC with respect thereto as in effect at the time of filing (or to the extent corrected by a subsequent restatement) and fairly present in all material respects the financial position of the Company as of the dates indicated, and the results of its operations and cash flows for the periods therein specified, all in accordance with United States generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) (except as otherwise noted therein, and in the case of unaudited financial statements, as permitted by Form 10-Q of the SEC, and except that the unaudited financial statements may not contain footnotes and are subject to normal and recurring year-end adjustments) applied on a consistent basis unless otherwise noted therein throughout the periods therein specified. Except as set forth in the Financial Statements filed prior to the date hereof, the Company has not incurred any liabilities, contingent or otherwise, except (i) those incurred in the ordinary course of business, consistent with past practices since the date of such financial statements or (ii) liabilities not required under GAAP to be reflected in the Financial Statements, in either case, none of which, individually or in the aggregate, have had or would reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.

3.9 Absence of Changes. Except as otherwise stated or disclosed in the 2023 SEC Reports filed at least one business day prior to the date hereof, between December 31, 2022 and the date of this Agreement, (a) the Company has conducted its business only in the ordinary course of business and there have been no material transactions entered into by the Company (except for the execution and performance of this Agreement and the discussions, negotiations and transactions related thereto); (b) no material change to any Material Contract or arrangement by which the Company is bound or to which any of its assets or properties is subject has been entered into that has not been disclosed in the 2023 SEC Reports; and (c) there has not been any other event or condition of any character that has had or would reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.

3.10 Absence of Litigation. There is no action, suit, proceeding, arbitration, claim, investigation or inquiry pending or, to the Company’s knowledge, threatened in writing by or before any governmental body against the Company which, individually or in the aggregate, has had or would reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect, nor are there any

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orders, writs, injunctions, judgments or decrees outstanding of any court or government agency or instrumentality and binding upon the Company that have had or would reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect. Neither the Company, nor to the knowledge of the Company, any director or officer thereof, is, or within the last ten years has been, the subject of any action involving a claim of violation of or liability under federal or state securities laws relating to the Company or a claim of breach of fiduciary duty relating to the Company.

3.11 Compliance with Law; Permits. The Company is not in violation of, and has not received any notices of violations with respect to, any laws, statutes, ordinances, rules or regulations of any governmental body, court or government agency or instrumentality, except for violations which, individually or in the aggregate, have not had and would not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect. The Company has all required licenses, permits, certificates and other authorizations (collectively, “Governmental Authorizations”) from such federal, state or local government or governmental agency, department or body that are currently necessary for the operation of the business of the Company as currently conducted, except where the failure to possess currently such Governmental Authorizations has not had and is not reasonably expected to have a Material Adverse Effect. The Company has not received any written notice regarding any revocation or material modification of any such Governmental Authorization, which, individually or in the aggregate, if the subject of an unfavorable decision, ruling or finding, has or would reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect.

3.12 Intellectual Property. The Company and its Subsidiaries own, or have rights to use, all material inventions, patent applications, patents, trademarks, trade names, service names, service marks, copyrights, trade secrets, know how (including unpatented and/or unpatentable proprietary of confidential information, systems or procedures) and other intellectual property as described in the 2023 SEC Reports (collectively, “Intellectual Property”) necessary for, or used in the conduct of their respective businesses (including as described in the 2023 SEC Reports), except where any failure to own, possess or acquire such Intellectual Property would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect. The Intellectual Property of the Company and its Subsidiaries has not been adjudged by a court of competent jurisdiction to be invalid or unenforceable, in whole or in part. To the Company’s knowledge: (i) there are no third parties who have rights to any Intellectual Property, including no liens, security interests, or other encumbrances; and (ii) there is no infringement by third parties of any Intellectual Property. To the Company’s knowledge, no action, suit, or other proceeding is pending, or is threatened in writing: (A) challenging the Company’s or Subsidiaries’ rights in or to any Intellectual Property; (B) challenging the validity, enforceability or scope of any Intellectual Property; or (C) alleging that the Company or any of its Subsidiaries infringes, misappropriates, or otherwise violates any patent, trademark, trade name, service name, copyright, trade secret or other proprietary rights of others, except, in each case, which, individually or in the aggregate, have not had and would not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect. The Company and its Subsidiaries have complied in all material respects with the terms of each agreement pursuant to which Intellectual Property has been licensed to the Company or any of its Subsidiaries in all material respects, and to the Company’s knowledge all such agreements are in full force and effect. To the Company’s knowledge, there are no material defects in any of the patents or patent applications included in the Intellectual Property. The Company and its Subsidiaries have taken all reasonable steps to protect, maintain and safeguard their Intellectual Property.

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3.13 Employee Benefits. Except as would not be reasonably likely to result in a Material Adverse Effect, each Benefit Plan has been established and administered in accordance with its terms and in compliance with the applicable provisions of ERISA, the Code, the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010, as amended, and other applicable laws, rules and regulations. The Company and its Subsidiaries are in compliance with all applicable federal, state and local laws, rules and regulations regarding employment, except for any failures to comply that are not reasonably likely, individually or in the aggregate, to have a Material Adverse Effect. There is no labor dispute, strike or work stoppage against the Company or its Subsidiaries pending or, to the knowledge of the Company, threatened which may interfere with the business activities of the Company, except where such dispute, strike or work stoppage is not reasonably likely, individually or in the aggregate, to have a Material Adverse Effect.

3.14 Taxes. The Company has filed all federal income Tax Returns and other Tax Returns required to have been filed under applicable law (or extensions have been duly obtained) and has paid all Taxes required to have been paid by it, except for those which are being contested in good faith and except where failure to file such Tax Returns or pay such Taxes would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect. No assessment in connection with United States federal tax returns has been made against the Company. The charges, accruals and reserves on the books of the Company in respect of any income and corporation tax liability for any years not finally determined are adequate to meet any assessments or reassessments for additional income tax for any years not finally determined, except to the extent of any inadequacy that would not result in a Material Adverse Effect. No audits, examinations, or other proceedings with respect to any material amounts of Taxes of the Company and its Subsidiaries are presently in progress or have been asserted or proposed in writing without subsequently being paid, settled or withdrawn. There are no liens on any of the assets of the Company. The Company, at all times since inception, has been and continues to be each classified as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries has been a United States real property holding corporation within the meaning of Code Section 897I(2) during the period specified in Code Section 897(c)(1)(A)(ii).

3.15 Environmental Laws. The Company (i) is in compliance with any and all applicable foreign, federal, state and local laws and regulations relating to the protection of human health and safety, the environment or hazardous or toxic substances or wastes, pollutants or contaminants (“Environmental Laws”), (ii) has received all permits and other Governmental Authorizations required under applicable Environmental Laws to conduct its business and (iii) is in compliance with all terms and conditions of any such permit, license or approval, except where such noncompliance with Environmental Laws, failure to receive required permits, licenses or other approvals or failure to comply with the terms and conditions of such permits, licenses or approvals would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect. The Company has not received since January 1, 2023, any written notice or other communication (in writing or otherwise), whether from a governmental authority or other Person, that alleges that the Company is not in compliance with any Environmental Law and, to the knowledge of the Company, there are no circumstances that may prevent or interfere with the Company’s compliance in any material respects with any Environmental Law in the future, except where such failure to comply would not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect To the knowledge of the Company: (i) no current or (during the time a prior property was leased or controlled by the Company) prior property leased or controlled by the Company has received

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since January 1, 2023, any written notice or other communication relating to property owned or leased at any time by the Company, whether from a governmental authority, or other Person, that alleges that such current or prior owner or the Company is not in compliance with or violated any Environmental Law relating to such property and (ii) the Company has no material liability under any Environmental Law.

3.16 Title. Each of the Company and its Subsidiaries has good and marketable title to all personal property owned by it that is material to the business of the Company, free and clear of all liens, encumbrances and defects except such as do not materially affect the value of such property and do not interfere with the use made and proposed to be made of such property by the Company or its Subsidiaries, as the case may be. Any real property and buildings held under lease by the Company or its Subsidiaries is held under valid, subsisting and enforceable leases with such exceptions as are not material and do not interfere with the use made and proposed to be made of such property and buildings by the Company or its Subsidiaries, as the case may be. The Company does not own any real property.

3.17 Insurance. The Company carries or is entitled to the benefits of insurance in such amounts and covering such risks that is customary for comparably situated companies and is adequate for the conduct of its business and the value of its properties (owned or leased) and assets, and each of such insurance policies is in full force and effect and the Company is in compliance in all material respects with the terms thereof. Other than customary end of policy notifications from insurance carriers, since January 1, 2023, the Company has not received any notice or other communication regarding any actual or possible: (i) cancellation or invalidation of any insurance policy or (ii) refusal or denial of any coverage, reservation of rights or rejection of any material claim under any insurance policy.

3.18 Nasdaq Stock Market. The issued and outstanding shares of Common Stock are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Exchange Act and are listed for trading on the Nasdaq Global Select Market under the symbol “IOBT”. The Company is in compliance with all applicable listing requirements of The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC (“Nasdaq”) applicable to the Company. As of the date hereof, there is no suit, action, proceeding or investigation pending or, to the knowledge of the Company, threatened against the Company by Nasdaq or the SEC, respectively, to prohibit or terminate the listing of the Common Stock on the Nasdaq Global Select Market or to deregister the Common Stock under the Exchange Act. The Company has taken no action as of the date hereof that is designed to terminate the registration of the Common Stock under the Exchange Act.

3.19 Sarbanes-Oxley Act. The Company is, and since January 1, 2023 has been, in compliance with all applicable requirements of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and applicable rules and regulations promulgated by the SEC thereunder.

3.20 Clinical Data and Regulatory Compliance. Except as would not reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect: (i) the preclinical tests and clinical trials, and other studies used to support regulatory approval (collectively, “studies”) being conducted by the Company that are described in, or the results of which are referred to in, 2023 SEC Reports were and, if still pending, are being conducted in all material respects in accordance with the protocols, procedures and controls designed and approved for such studies and with standard medical and

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scientific research procedures; (ii) each description of the results of such studies is accurate and complete in all material respects and fairly presents the data derived from such studies, and the Company and its Subsidiaries have no knowledge of any other studies the results of which are inconsistent with, or otherwise call into question, the results described or referred to in the 2023 SEC Reports; (iii) the Company and its Subsidiaries have made all such filings and obtained all such approvals as may be required by the FDA or from any other U.S. federal, state or local government or foreign government or Drug Regulatory Agency, or Institutional Review Board, each having jurisdiction over biopharmaceutical products (collectively, the “Regulatory Agencies”) for the conduct of its business as described in the 2023 SEC Reports; (iv) neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries has received any notice of, or correspondence from, any Regulatory Agency requiring the termination or suspension of any clinical trials that are described or referred to in the 2023 SEC Reports; and (v) the Company and its Subsidiaries have each operated and currently are in compliance in all material respects with all applicable rules, regulations and policies of the Regulatory Agencies.

3.21 Compliance with Health Care Laws. The Company and its Subsidiaries are in compliance with all Health Care Laws to the extent applicable to the Company’s current business and research use only products, except as would not reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect. For purposes of this Agreement, “Health Care Laws” means: (i) the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (21 U.S.C. Section 301 et seq.) and the Public Health Service Act (42 U.S.C. Section 201 et seq.), and the regulations promulgated thereunder; (ii) all applicable federal, state, local and foreign health care fraud and abuse laws, including, without limitation, the Anti-Kickback Statute (42 U.S.C. Section 1320a-7b(b)),; (iii) HIPAA, as amended by the Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act (42 U.S.C. Section 17921 et seq.); (iv) the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010, as amended by the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act of 2010; (v) the European Union (“EU”) Clinical Trials Regulation (Regulation (EU) No. 536/2014); (vi) the EU Regulation regarding community procedures for authorization and supervision of medicinal products for human and veterinary use and establishing a European Medicines Agency (Regulation (EC) No. 726/2004); (vii) licensure, quality, safety and accreditation requirements under applicable federal, state, local or foreign laws or regulatory bodies; (viii) all other local, state, federal, national, supranational and foreign laws, relating to the regulation of the Company or its Subsidiaries, and (ix) the regulations promulgated pursuant to such statutes and any state or non-U.S. counterpart thereof. Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries has received written notice of any claim, action, suit, proceeding, hearing, enforcement, investigation, arbitration or other action from any court or arbitrator or governmental or regulatory authority or third party alleging that any product operation or activity is in material violation of any Health Care Laws nor, to the Company’s knowledge, is any such claim, action, suit, proceeding, hearing, enforcement, investigation, arbitration or other action threatened. The Company and its Subsidiaries have filed, maintained or submitted all material reports, documents, forms, notices, applications, records, claims, submissions and supplements or amendments as required by any Health Care Laws, and all such reports, documents, forms, notices, applications, records, claims, submissions and supplements or amendments were complete and accurate on the date filed in all material respects (or were corrected or supplemented by a subsequent submission), except as would not reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect. Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries is a party to any corporate integrity agreements, monitoring agreements, consent decrees, settlement orders, or similar agreements with or imposed by any governmental or regulatory authority. Additionally, neither the Company, any of its Subsidiaries

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nor any of their respective employees, officers, directors, or, to the knowledge of the Company, agents has been excluded, suspended or debarred from participation in any U.S. federal health care program or human clinical research or, to the knowledge of the Company, is subject to a governmental inquiry, investigation, proceeding, or other similar action that could reasonably be expected to result in debarment, suspension, or exclusion.

3.22 Accounting Controls and Disclosure Controls and Procedures. The Company maintains a system of internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) of the Exchange Act) that is designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with GAAP, including policies and procedures sufficient to provide reasonable assurance (i) that the Company maintains records that in reasonable detail accurately and fairly reflect the Company’s transactions and dispositions of assets, (ii) that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with GAAP, (iii) that receipts and expenditures are made only in accordance with authorizations of management and the Board and (iv) regarding prevention or timely detection of the unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of the Company’s assets that could have a material effect on the Company’s financial statements. Except as disclosed in the Company’s SEC Reports filed prior to the date hereof, the Company has not identified any material weaknesses in the design or operation of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. The Company’s “disclosure controls and procedures” (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Exchange Act) are designed to provide reasonable assurance that all information (both financial and non-financial) required to be disclosed by the Company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the rules and forms of the SEC, and that all such information is accumulated and communicated to the Company’s management as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

3.23 Price Stabilization of Common Stock. The Company has not taken, nor will it take, directly or indirectly, any action designed to stabilize or manipulate the price of the Common Stock to facilitate the sale or resale of the Shares or the Warrant Shares.

3.24 Investment Company Act. The Company is not, and immediately after receipt of payment for the Common Stock will not be, an “investment company” within the meaning of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended.

3.25 General Solicitation; No Integration or Aggregation. Neither the Company nor any other person or entity authorized by the Company to act on its behalf has engaged in a general solicitation or general advertising (within the meaning of Regulation D of the Securities Act) of investors with respect to offers or sales of Common Stock pursuant to this Agreement. The Company has not, directly or indirectly, sold, offered for sale, solicited offers to buy or otherwise negotiated in respect of, any security (as defined in the Securities Act) which, to its knowledge, is or will be (i) integrated with the Securities sold pursuant to this Agreement for purposes of the Securities Act or (ii) aggregated with prior offerings by the Company for the purposes of the rules and regulations of the Nasdaq Global Market. Assuming the accuracy of the representations and warranties of the Purchaser set forth in Section 4, neither the Company nor any of its Affiliates, its subsidiaries nor any Person acting on their behalf has, directly or indirectly, made any offers or sales of any Company security or solicited any offers to buy any Company security, under circumstances that would adversely affect reliance by the Company on Section 4(a)(2) for the exemption from registration for the transactions contemplated hereby.

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3.26 Brokers and Finders. Other than the Placement Agents, neither the Company nor any other Person authorized by the Company to act on its behalf has retained, utilized or been represented by any broker or finder in connection with the transactions contemplated by this Agreement.

3.27 Reliance by the Purchasers. The Company acknowledges that each of the Purchasers will rely upon the truth and accuracy of, and the Company’s compliance with, the representations, warranties, agreements, acknowledgements and understandings of the Company set forth herein.

3.28 No Disqualification Events. Neither the Company nor any of its (i) predecessors, (ii) affiliates, (iii) directors, (iv) executive officers, (v) non-executive officers participating in the placement contemplated by this Agreement, (vi) beneficial owners of 20% or more of its outstanding voting equity securities (calculated on the basis of voting power), (vii) promoters, or (viii) investment managers (including any of such investment managers’ directors, executive officers or officers participating in the placement contemplated by this Agreement) or general partners or managing members of such investment managers (including any of such general partners’ or management members’ directors, executive officers or officers participating in the placement contemplated by this Agreement) is subject to the disqualification provisions of Rule 506(d) of Regulation D under the Securities Act.

3.29 No Additional Agreements. To the knowledge of the Company, there are no agreements or understandings with any Purchaser with respect to the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Agreements other than as specified in the Transaction Agreements.

3.30 Anti-Bribery and Anti-Money Laundering Laws. Each of the Company, its Subsidiaries and, to the knowledge of the Company, any of their respective officers, directors, supervisors, managers, agents, or employees are and have at all times been in compliance with and its participation in the offering will not violate: (A) anti-bribery laws, including but not limited to, any applicable law, rule, or regulation of any locality, including but not limited to any law, rule, or regulation promulgated to implement the OECD Convention on Combating Bribery of Foreign Public Officials in International Business Transactions, signed December 17, 1997, including the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977, as amended, the U.K. Bribery Act 2010, or any other law, rule or regulation of similar purposes and scope or (B) anti-money laundering laws, including, but not limited to, applicable federal, state, international, foreign or other laws, regulations or government guidance regarding anti-money laundering, including, without limitation, Title 18 US. Code sections 1956 and 1957, the Patriot Act, the Bank Secrecy Act, and international anti-money laundering principles or procedures by an intergovernmental group or organization, such as the Financial Action Task Force on Money Laundering, of which the United States is a member and with which designation the United States representative to the group or organization continues to concur, all as amended, and any executive order, directive, or regulation pursuant to the authority of any of the foregoing, or any orders or licenses issued thereunder.

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3.31 Cybersecurity. Except as would not reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect, the Company and its Subsidiaries’ information technology assets and equipment, computers, systems, networks, hardware, software, websites, applications, and databases (collectively, “IT Systems”) are adequate for, and operate and perform in all respects as required in connection with the operation of the business of the Company and its Subsidiaries as currently conducted, and are free and clear of all material Trojan horses, time bombs, malware and other malicious code. The Company and its Subsidiaries have implemented and maintained commercially reasonable physical, technical and administrative controls designed to maintain and protect the confidentiality, integrity, availability, privacy and security of all sensitive, confidential or regulated data (“Confidential Data”) used or maintained in connection with their businesses and Personal Data (defined below), and the integrity, availability continuous operation, redundancy and security of all IT Systems. “Personal Data” means the following data used in connection with the Company’s and its Subsidiaries’ businesses and in their possession or control: (i) a natural person’s name, street address, telephone number, e-mail address, photograph, social security number or other tax identification number, driver’s license number, passport number, credit card number or bank information; (ii) information that identifies or may reasonably be used to identify an individual; (iii) any information that would qualify as “protected health information” under the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996, as amended by the Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act (collectively, “HIPAA”); and (iv) any information that would qualify as “personal data,” “personal information” (or similar term) under the Privacy Laws. To the Company’s knowledge, there have been no breaches, outages or unauthorized uses of or accesses to the Company’s IT Systems, Confidential Data, or Personal Data that would require notification under Privacy Laws (as defined below).

3.32 Compliance with Data Privacy Laws. The Company and its Subsidiaries are, and at all prior times were, in material compliance with all applicable state and federal data privacy and security laws and regulations regarding the collection, use, storage, retention, disclosure, transfer, disposal, or any other processing (collectively “Process” or “Processing”) of Personal Data, including without limitation HIPAA, the EU General Data Protection Regulation (“GDPR”) (Regulation (EU) No. 2016/679), all other local, state, federal, national, supranational and foreign laws relating to the regulation of the Company or its Subsidiaries, and the regulations promulgated pursuant to such statutes and any state or non-U.S. counterpart thereof (collectively, the “Privacy Laws”). To ensure material compliance with the Privacy Laws, the Company and its Subsidiaries have in place, comply with, and take all appropriate steps necessary to ensure compliance in all material respects with their policies and procedures relating to data privacy and security, and the Processing of Personal Data and Confidential Data (the “Privacy Statements”). The Company and its Subsidiaries have, except as would not reasonably be expected, individually or in the aggregate, to result in a Material Adverse Effect, at all times since inception provided accurate notice of its Privacy Statements then in effect to its customers, employees, third party vendors and representatives. None of such disclosures made or contained in any Privacy Statements have been materially inaccurate, misleading, incomplete, or in material violation of any Privacy Laws.

3.33 Transactions with Affiliates and Employees. No relationship, direct or indirect, exists between or among the Company, on the one hand, and the directors, officers, stockholders, customers or suppliers of the Company, on the other hand, that is required to be described in the SEC Reports that is not so described.

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3.34 Use of Proceeds. The net proceeds of the sale of the Securities hereunder shall be used by the Company for advancement of the Company’s clinical development pipeline, working capital and general corporate purposes.

3.35 Reliance. The Company has a reasonable basis for making each of the representations set forth in this Section 3. The Company acknowledges that the Purchaser is relying upon the accuracy and truthfulness of the foregoing representations made by the Company hereunder and hereby consents to such reliance.

4. Representations and Warranties of Each Purchaser. Each Purchaser, severally for itself and not jointly with any other Purchaser, represents and warrants to the Company and the Placement Agents that the statements contained in this Section 4 are true and correct as of the date hereof and the Closing Date:

4.1 Organization. Such Purchaser is duly organized, validly existing and in good standing under the laws of the jurisdiction of its organization and has the requisite power and authority to own, lease and operate its properties and to carry on its business as now conducted.

4.2 Authorization. Such Purchaser has all requisite corporate or similar power and authority to enter into this Agreement and the other Transaction Agreements to which it will be a party and to carry out and perform its obligations hereunder and thereunder. All corporate, member or partnership action on the part of such Purchaser or its stockholders, members or partners necessary for the authorization, execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement and the other Transaction Agreements to which it will be a party and the consummation of the other transactions contemplated herein has been taken. The signature of the Purchaser on this Agreement is genuine and the signatory to this Agreement, if the Purchaser is an individual, has the legal competence and capacity to execute the same or, if the Purchaser is not an individual, the signatory has been duly authorized to execute the same on behalf of the Purchaser. Assuming this Agreement constitutes the legal and binding agreement of the Company, this Agreement constitutes a legal, valid and binding obligation of such Purchaser, enforceable against such Purchaser in accordance with its respective terms, except as such enforceability may be limited or otherwise affected by bankruptcy, insolvency, fraudulent conveyance, reorganization, moratorium and/or similar laws relating to or affecting the rights of creditors generally or by general equity principles (regardless of whether such enforceability is considered in a proceeding in equity or at law).

4.3 No Conflicts. The execution, delivery and performance of the Transaction Agreements by such Purchaser, the purchase of the Securities in accordance with their terms and the consummation by such Purchaser of the other transactions contemplated hereby will not conflict with or result in any violation of, breach or default by such Purchaser (with or without notice or lapse of time, or both) under, conflict with, or give rise to a right of termination, cancellation or acceleration of any obligation, a change of control right or to a loss of a material benefit under (i) any provision of the organizational documents of such Purchaser, including, without limitation, its incorporation or formation papers, bylaws, indenture of trust or partnership or operating agreement, as may be applicable or (ii) any agreement or instrument, undertaking, credit facility, franchise, license, judgment, order, ruling, statute, law, ordinance, rule or regulations, applicable to such Purchaser or its respective properties or assets, except, in the case

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of clause (ii), as would not, individually or in the aggregate, be reasonably expected to materially delay or hinder the ability of such Purchaser to perform its obligations under the Transaction Agreements (such delay or hindrance, a “Purchaser Adverse Effect”).

4.4 Residency. Such Purchaser’s residence (if an individual) or offices in which its investment decision with respect to the Securities was made (if an entity) are located at the address immediately below such Purchaser’s name on Exhibit A.

4.5 Brokers and Finders. Such Purchaser has not retained, utilized or been represented by any broker or finder in connection with the transactions contemplated by this Agreement whose fees the Company would be required to pay.

4.6 Investment Representations and Warranties. Each Purchaser hereby represents and warrants that, it (i) as of the date hereof is, if an entity, is a “qualified institutional buyer” (as defined in Rule 144A under the Securities Act) or an institutional “accredited investor” as that term is defined in Rule 501(a) under Regulation D promulgated pursuant to the Securities Act; or (ii) if an individual, is an “accredited investor” as that term is defined in Rule 501(a) of Regulation D of the Securities Act and has such knowledge and experience in financial and business matters as to be able to protect its own interests in connection with an investment in the Securities. Each Purchaser further represents and warrants that (x) it is capable of evaluating the merits and risk of such investment, and (y) that it has not been organized for the purpose of acquiring the Securities and is an “institutional account” as defined by FINRA Rule 4512(c). Such Purchaser understands and agrees that the offering and sale of the Securities has not been registered under the Securities Act or any applicable state securities laws and is being made in reliance upon federal and state exemptions for transactions not involving a public offering which depend upon, among other things, the bona fide nature of the investment intent and the accuracy of such Purchaser’s representations as expressed herein.

4.7 Intent. Each Purchaser is purchasing the Securities solely for investment purposes, for such Purchaser’s own account and not for the account of others, and not with a view to the resale or distribution of any part thereof in violation of the Securities Act, and the Purchaser has no present intention of selling, granting any participation in, or otherwise distributing the same in violation of the Securities Act without prejudice, however, to the Purchaser’s right at all times to sell or otherwise dispose of all or any part of such Securities in compliance with applicable federal and state securities laws. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if such Purchaser is purchasing the Securities as a fiduciary or agent for one or more investor accounts, such Purchaser has full investment discretion with respect to each such account, and the full power and authority to make the acknowledgements, representations and agreements herein on behalf of each owner of each such account. Each Purchaser has no present arrangement to sell the Securities to or through any person or entity. Each Purchaser understands that the Securities must be held indefinitely unless such Securities are resold pursuant to a registration statement under the Securities Act or an exemption from registration is available. Nothing contained herein shall be deemed a representation or warranty by such Purchaser to hold the Securities for any period of time.

4.8 Investment Experience; Ability to Protect Its Own Interests and Bear Economic Risks. Each Purchaser acknowledges that it can bear the economic risk and complete loss of its investment in the Securities and has knowledge and experience in finance, securities,

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taxation, investments and other business matters as to be capable of evaluating the merits and risks of investments of the kind described in this Agreement and contemplated hereby, and the Purchaser has had an opportunity to seek, and has sought, such accounting, legal, business and tax advice as such Purchaser has considered necessary to make an informed investment decision.

Each Purchaser acknowledges that such Purchaser (i) is a sophisticated investor, experienced in investing in private placements of equity securities and capable of evaluating investment risks independently, both in general and with regard to all transactions and investment strategies involving a security or securities and (ii) has exercised independent judgment in evaluating its participation in the purchase of the Securities. Each Purchaser acknowledges that such Purchaser is aware that there are substantial risks incident to the purchase and ownership of the Securities, including those set forth in the Company’s filings with the SEC. Alone, or together with any professional advisor(s), such Purchaser has adequately analyzed and fully considered the risks of an investment in the Securities and determined that the Securities are a suitable investment for the Purchaser. Each Purchaser is, at this time and in the foreseeable future, able to afford the loss of such Purchaser’s entire investment in the Securities and such Purchaser acknowledges specifically that a possibility of total loss exists.

4.9 Independent Investment Decision. Such Purchaser understands that nothing in the Transaction Documents or any other materials presented by or on behalf of the Company to such Purchaser in connection with the purchase of the Securities constitutes legal, tax or investment advice. Such Purchaser has consulted such legal, tax and investment advisors as it, in their sole discretion, has deemed necessary or appropriate in connection with its purchase of the Securities.

4.10 Securities Not Registered; Legends. Such Purchaser acknowledges and agrees that the Securities are being offered in a transaction not involving any public offering within the meaning of the Securities Act, and such Purchaser understands that the Securities have not been registered under the Securities Act, by reason of their issuance by the Company in a transaction exempt from the registration requirements of the Securities Act, and that the Securities must continue to be held and may not be offered, resold, transferred, pledged or otherwise disposed of by such Purchaser unless a subsequent disposition thereof is registered under the Securities Act or is exempt from such registration and in each case in accordance with any applicable securities laws of any state of the United States. Such Purchaser understands that the exemptions from registration afforded by Rule 144 (the provisions of which are known to it) promulgated under the Securities Act depend on the satisfaction of various conditions including, but not limited to, the time and manner of sale, the holding period and on requirements relating to the Company which are outside of such Purchaser’s control and which the Company may not be able to satisfy, and that, if applicable, Rule 144 may afford the basis for sales only in limited amounts. Such Purchaser acknowledges and agrees that it has been advised to consult legal counsel prior to making any offer, resale, transfer, pledge or disposition of any of the Securities. Such Purchaser acknowledges that no federal or state agency has passed upon or endorsed the merits of the offering of the Securities or made any findings or determination as to the fairness of this investment.

Each Purchaser understands that the Shares may bear one or more legends in substantially the following form and substance:

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“THE SECURITIES REPRESENTED BY THIS CERTIFICATE HAVE NOT BEEN REGISTERED UNDER SECURITIES ACT OF 1933. THE SECURITIES HAVE BEEN ACQUIRED FOR INVESTMENT AND MAY NOT BE SOLD, TRANSFERRED OR ASSIGNED IN THE ABSENCE OF AN EFFECTIVE REGISTRATION STATEMENT FOR THESE SECURITIES UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933 OR AN OPINION OF THE COMPANY’S COUNSEL THAT REGISTRATION IS NOT REQUIRED UNDER THE SAID ACT.”

In addition, the Securities may contain a legend regarding affiliate status of the Purchaser, if applicable.

4.11 Placement Agents. Each Purchaser hereby acknowledges and agrees that (a) each Placement Agent is acting solely as placement agent in connection with the execution, delivery and performance of the Transaction Agreements and the issuance of the Securities to Purchaser and neither the Placement Agents nor any of their respective affiliates have acted as an underwriter or in any other capacity and is not and shall not be construed as a fiduciary or financial advisor for such Purchaser, the Company or any other person or entity in connection with the execution, delivery and performance of the Transaction Agreements and the issuance and purchase of the Securities, (b) each Placement Agent has not made and does not make any representation or warranty, whether express or implied, of any kind or character, or has not provided any advice or recommendation in connection with the execution, delivery and performance of the Transaction Agreements or with respect to the Securities, nor is such information or advice necessary or desired, (c) each Placement Agent will not have any responsibility with respect to (i) any representations, warranties or agreements made by any person or entity under or in connection with the execution, delivery and performance of the Transaction Agreements, or the execution, legality, validity or enforceability (with respect to any person) thereof, or (ii) the business, affairs, financial condition, operations, properties or prospects of, or any other matter concerning the Company, and (d) each Placement Agent will not have any liability or obligation (including without limitation, for or with respect to any losses, claims, damages, obligations, penalties, judgments, awards, liabilities, costs, expenses or disbursements incurred by such Purchaser, the Company or any other person or entity), whether in contract, tort or otherwise, to such Purchaser, or to any person claiming through it, in respect of the execution, delivery and performance of the Transaction Agreements, except in each case for such party’s own gross negligence, willful misconduct or bad faith. No disclosure or offering document has been prepared by the Placement Agents or any of their respective affiliates in connection with the offer and sale of the Securities. Neither the Placement Agents nor any of their respective affiliates have made or make any representation as to the quality or value of the Securities and the Placement Agents and any of their respective affiliates may have acquired non-public information with respect to the Company which Purchaser agrees need not be provided to it.

4.12 No General Solicitation. The Purchaser acknowledges and agrees that the Purchaser is purchasing the Securities directly from the Company. Purchaser became aware of this offering of the Securities solely by means of direct contact from the Placement Agents or directly from the Company as a result of a pre-existing, substantive relationship with the Company or the Placement Agents, and/or their respective advisors (including, without limitation, attorneys, accountants, bankers, consultants and financial advisors), agents, control persons, representatives, affiliates, directors, officers, managers, members, and/or employees, and/or the representatives of

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such persons. The Securities were offered to Purchaser solely by direct contact between Purchaser and the Company, the Placement Agents and/or their respective representatives. Purchaser did not become aware of this offering of the Securities, nor were the Securities offered to Purchaser, by any other means, and none of the Company, the Placement Agents and/or their respective representatives acted as investment advisor, broker or dealer to Purchaser. The Purchaser is not purchasing the Securities as a result of any general or public solicitation or general advertising, or publicly disseminated advertisement, article, notice or other communication regarding the Securities published in any newspaper, magazine or similar media or broadcast over television, radio or the internet or presented at any seminar or any other general solicitation or general advertisement, including any of the methods described in Section 502(c) of Regulation D under the Securities Act.

4.13 Access to Information. In making its decision to purchase the Securities, Purchaser has relied solely upon independent investigation made by Purchaser and upon the representations, warranties and covenants set forth herein. The Purchaser acknowledges and agrees that the Purchaser has received such information as the Purchaser deems necessary in order to make an investment decision with respect to the Securities, including, with respect to the Company. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, each Purchaser acknowledges that copies of the 2023 SEC Reports filed prior to the date hereof are available on EDGAR at www.sec.gov. The Purchaser acknowledges and agrees that the Purchaser and the Purchaser’s professional advisor(s), if any, have had the opportunity to ask such questions, receive such answers and obtain such information from the Company regarding the Company, its business and the terms and conditions of the offering of the Securities as the Purchaser and such Purchaser’s professional advisor(s), if any, have deemed necessary to make an investment decision with respect to the Securities and that the Purchaser has independently made its own analysis and decision to invest in the Company.

4.14 Certain Trading Activities. Other than consummating the transaction contemplated hereby, the Purchaser has not, nor has any Person acting on behalf of or pursuant to any understanding with such Purchaser, directly or indirectly executed any purchases or sales, including Short Sales, of the securities of the Company during the period commencing as of the time that such Purchaser was first contacted by the Company or any other Person regarding the transaction contemplated hereby and ending immediately prior to the date hereof. Notwithstanding the foregoing, in the case of a Purchaser that is a multi-managed investment vehicle whereby separate portfolio managers manage separate portions of such Purchaser’s assets and the portfolio managers have no direct knowledge of the investment decisions made by the portfolio managers managing other portions of such Purchaser’s assets, the representation set forth above shall only apply with respect to the portion of the assets managed by the portfolio manager that made the investment decision to purchase the Securities covered by this Agreement. Other than to other Persons party to this Agreement, such Purchaser has maintained the confidentiality of all disclosures made to it in connection with this transaction (including the existence and terms of this transaction). Notwithstanding the foregoing, for avoidance of doubt, nothing contained herein shall constitute a representation or warranty, or preclude any actions, with respect to the identification of the availability of, or securing of, available shares to borrow in order to effect Short Sales or similar transactions in the future.

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4.15 Disqualification Event. To the extent the Purchaser is one of the covered persons identified in Rule 506(d)(1), the Purchaser represents that no disqualifying event described in Rule 506(d)(1)(i-viii) of the Securities Act (a “Disqualification Event”) is applicable to the Purchaser or any of its Rule 506(d) Related Parties (as defined below), except, if applicable, for a Disqualification Event as to which Rule 506(d)(2)(ii) or (iii) or (d)(3) is applicable. The Purchaser hereby agrees that it shall notify the Company promptly in writing in the event a Disqualification Event becomes applicable to the Purchaser or any of its Rule 506(d) Related Parties, except, if applicable, for a Disqualification Event as to which Rule 506(d)(2)(ii) or (iii) or (d)(3) is applicable. For purposes of this Section, “Rule 506(d) Related Party” shall mean a person or entity that is a beneficial owner of the Purchaser’s securities for purposes of Rule 506(d) of the Securities Act.

5. Covenants.

5.1 Further Assurances. Each party agrees to cooperate with each other and their respective officers, employees, attorneys, accountants and other agents, and, generally, do such other reasonable acts and things in good faith as may be necessary to effectuate the intents and purposes of this Agreement, subject to the terms and conditions hereof and compliance with applicable law, including taking reasonable action to facilitate the filing of any document or the taking of reasonable action to assist the other parties hereto in complying with the terms hereof. Each Purchaser acknowledges that the Company and the Placement Agents will rely on the acknowledgments, understandings, agreements, representations and warranties contained in this Agreement. Prior to the Closing, the Purchaser agrees to promptly notify the Company if any of the acknowledgments, understandings, agreements, representations and warranties set forth in Section 4 of this Agreement are no longer accurate.

5.2 Listing. The Company shall use commercially reasonable efforts to maintain the listing and trading of its Common Stock on the Nasdaq Global Select Market and, in accordance therewith, will use reasonable best efforts to comply in all material respects with the Company’s reporting, filing and other obligations under the rules and regulations of Nasdaq.

5.3 Disclosure of Transactions. The Company shall, by 9:00 a.m., New York City time, on the first (1st) business day immediately following the date hereof, file with the SEC a Current Report on Form 8-K (the “Disclosure Document”) disclosing all material terms of the transactions contemplated hereby, by the other Transaction Agreements (and including as exhibits to such Current Report on Form 8-K the material Transaction Agreements (including, without limitation, this Agreement and the Registration Rights Agreement). Upon the issuance of the Disclosure Document, to the knowledge of the Company, no Purchaser shall be in possession of any material, non-public information received from the Company or any of its officers, directors, or employees or agents, that is not disclosed in the Disclosure Document unless otherwise specifically agreed in writing by such Purchaser. Notwithstanding anything in this Agreement to the contrary, the Company shall not publicly disclose the name of any Purchaser or any of its affiliates or advisers, or include the name of any Purchaser or any of its affiliates or advisers in any press release or filing with the SEC (other than any registration statement contemplated by the Registration Rights Agreement) or any regulatory agency, without the prior written consent of such Purchaser, except (i) as required by the federal securities law in connection with (A) any registration statement contemplated by the Registration Rights Agreement and (B) the filing of

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final Transaction Agreements (including signature pages thereto) with the SEC or pursuant to other routine proceedings of regulatory authorities, or (ii) to the extent such disclosure is required by law, at the request of the staff of the SEC or regulatory agency or under the regulations of the Nasdaq Global Market.

5.4 Integration. The Company shall not, and shall use its commercially reasonable efforts to ensure that no Affiliate of the Company shall, sell, offer for sale or solicit offers to buy or otherwise negotiate in respect of any security (as defined in Section 2 of the Securities Act) that will be integrated with the offer or sale of the Securities in a manner that would require the registration under the Securities Act of the sale of the Securities to the Purchasers, or that will be integrated with the offer or sale of the Securities for purposes of the rules and regulations of any National Exchange such that it would require stockholder approval prior to the closing of such other transaction unless stockholder approval is obtained before the closing of such subsequent transaction.

5.5 Subsequent Equity Sales. From the date hereof until 60 days after the date the Initial Registration Statement (as defined in the Registration Rights Agreement) is filed, without the consent of the Purchasers of at least a majority in interest of the Shares then held by Purchasers, the Company shall not (a) issue shares of Common Stock or Common Stock Equivalents, or (b) file with the SEC a registration statement under the Securities Act relating to any shares of Common Stock or Common Stock Equivalents. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the provisions of this Section 5.5 shall not apply to (i) the issuance of the Securities hereunder or the issuance of the Warrant Shares upon exercise of the Warrants, (ii) the transactions contemplated by the Registration Rights Agreement, (iii) the issuance of Common Stock upon the exercise of any options or warrants or upon the vesting of any restricted stock units outstanding on the date hereof, (iv) the issuance of Common Stock or Common Stock Equivalents to employees, directors or consultants pursuant to (a) any stock option or equity incentive or employee stock purchase plan in effect on the date hereof, or (b) any compensation agreements, (v) the issuance of Common Stock in connection with acquisitions or strategic transactions, provided that any such issuance shall only be to a Person which is, itself or through its Subsidiaries, an operating company in a business synergistic with the business of the Company, but shall not include a transaction in which the Company is issuing securities primarily for the purpose of raising capital or to an entity whose primary business is investing in securities, provided that the aggregate number of shares of Common Stock issued in accordance with clause (v) of this Section 5.5 do not exceed 10% of the number of shares of Common Stock outstanding immediately after the issuance and sale of the Shares, (vi) the filing of a registration statement on Form S-8, and (vii) facilitating the establishment of a trading plan on behalf of a stockholder, officer or director of the Company pursuant to Rule 10b5-1 under the Exchange Act for the transfer of shares of Common Stock.

5.6 Use of Proceeds. The Company shall use the proceeds from the sale of the Securities for working capital and general corporate purposes.

5.7 Removal of Legends.

(a) In connection with any sale, assignment, transfer or other disposition of the Shares or Warrant Shares by a Purchaser pursuant to Rule 144 or pursuant to any other exemption under the Securities Act such that the purchaser acquires freely tradable shares

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and upon compliance by the Purchaser with the requirements of this Agreement, if requested by the Purchaser by notice to the Company, the Company shall request the Transfer Agent to remove any restrictive legends related to the book entry account holding such shares and make a new, unlegended entry for such book entry shares sold or disposed of without restrictive legends as soon as reasonably practicable following any such request therefor from such Purchaser, provided that the Company has timely received from the Purchaser customary representations and other documentation reasonably acceptable to the Company in connection therewith. The Company shall be responsible for the fees of its Transfer Agent and its legal counsel associated with such legend removal.

(b) Subject to receipt from the Purchaser by the Company and the Transfer Agent of customary representations and other documentation reasonably acceptable to the Company and the Transfer Agent in connection therewith, upon the earliest of such time as the Shares or Warrant Shares (i) have been registered under the Securities Act pursuant to an effective registration statement or (ii) have been sold pursuant to Rule 144, the Company shall, in accordance with the provisions of this Section 5.7(b) and as soon as reasonably practicable following any request therefor from a Purchaser accompanied by such customary and reasonably acceptable documentation referred to above, (A) deliver to the Transfer Agent irrevocable instructions that the Transfer Agent shall make a new, unlegended entry for such book entry shares, and (B) cause its counsel to deliver to the Transfer Agent one or more opinions to the effect that the removal of such legends in such circumstances may be effected under the Securities Act if required by the Transfer Agent to effect the removal of the legend in accordance with the provisions of this Agreement.

5.8 Withholding Taxes. Each Purchaser agrees to furnish the Company with any information, representations and forms as shall reasonably be requested by the Company from time to time to assist the Company in complying with any applicable tax law (including any withholding obligations). Each Purchaser represents that it has provided the Company with a completed and executed Internal Revenue Service Form W-9 or applicable Form W-8, as appropriate, and agrees to promptly furnish the Company with such forms upon any expiration, obsolescence or inaccuracy of any prior forms or upon request of the Company.

5.9 Fees and Taxes. The Company shall be responsible for the payment of any placement agent’s fees, financial advisory fees, or broker’s commissions (other than for Persons engaged by the Investor) relating to or arising out of the transactions contemplated hereby, including, without limitation, any fees or commissions payable to placement agents as the Company may engage in connection with the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents.

5.10 No Conflicting Agreements. The Company will not take any action, enter into any agreement or make any commitment that would conflict or interfere in any material respect with the Company’s obligations to the Purchasers under the Transaction Documents.

5.11 Reporting Status. The Company shall timely file all reports required to be filed with the SEC pursuant to the Exchange Act, and the Company shall not terminate its status as an issuer required to file reports under the Exchange Act even if the Exchange Act or the rules and regulations thereunder would otherwise permit such termination.

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6. Conditions of Closing.

6.1 Conditions to the Obligation of the Purchasers. The several obligations of each Purchaser to consummate the transactions to be consummated at the Closing, and to purchase and pay for the Securities being purchased by it at the Closing pursuant to this Agreement, are subject to the satisfaction or waiver in writing of the following conditions precedent:

(a) Representations and Warranties. The representations and warranties of the Company contained herein shall be true and correct in all material respects, except for those representation and warranties qualified by materiality or Material Adverse Effect, which shall be true and correct in all respects, as of the date hereof and as of the Closing Date, as though made on and as of such date, except to the extent any such representation or warranty expressly speaks as of an earlier date, in which case such representation or warranty shall be true and correct in all material respects as of such earlier date.

(b) Performance. The Company shall have performed in all material respects the obligations and conditions herein required to be performed or observed by the Company on or prior to the Closing Date.

(c) No Injunction. The purchase of and payment for the Securities by each Purchaser shall not be prohibited or enjoined by any law or governmental or court order or regulation and no such prohibition shall have been threatened in writing.

(d) Consents. The Company shall have obtained any and all consents, permits, approvals, registrations and waivers necessary for the consummation of the purchase and sale of the Securities, all of which shall be in full force and effect.

(e) Transfer Agent. The Company shall have furnished all required materials to the Transfer Agent to reflect the issuance of the Shares at the Closing.

(f) Adverse Changes. Since the date hereof, no event or series of events shall have occurred that has had or would reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.

(g) Opinion of Company Counsel. The Company shall have delivered to the Purchasers and the Placement Agents the opinion of Sidley Austin LLP, dated as of the Closing Date in customary form and substance to be reasonably agreed upon with the Purchasers and addressing such legal matters as the Purchasers and the Company reasonably agree.

(h) Compliance Certificate. An authorized officer of the Company shall have delivered to the Purchasers at the Closing Date a certificate certifying that the conditions specified in Sections 6.1(a) (Representations and Warranties), 6.1(b) (Performance), 6.1(c) (No Injunction) and 6.1(k) (Listing Requirements) of this Agreement have been fulfilled.

(i) Secretary’s Certificate. The Secretary of the Company shall have delivered to the Purchasers at the Closing Date a certificate certifying (i) the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation; (ii) the Amended and Restated Bylaws; and (iii) resolutions of the Company’s Board of Directors (or an authorized committee thereof) approving this Agreement, the other Transaction Documents, the transactions contemplated by this Agreement and the issuance of the Securities.

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(j) Registration Rights Agreement. The Company shall have executed and delivered the Registration Rights Agreement in the form attached hereto as Exhibit B (the “Registration Rights Agreement”) to the Purchasers.

(k) Listing Requirements. No stop order or suspension of trading shall have been imposed by Nasdaq, the SEC or any other governmental or regulatory body with respect to public trading in the Common Stock. The Common Stock shall be listed on a National Exchange and shall not have been suspended, as of the Closing Date, by the SEC or the National Exchange from trading thereon nor shall suspension by the SEC or the National Exchange have been threatened, as of the Closing Date, in writing by the SEC or the National Exchange; and the Company shall have filed with Nasdaq a Notification Form: Listing of Additional Shares for the listing of the Shares.

(l) No judgment, writ, order, injunction, award or decree of or by any court, or judge, justice or magistrate, including any bankruptcy court or judge, or any order of or by any Governmental Entity, shall have been issued, and no action or proceeding shall have been instituted by any Governmental Entity, enjoining or preventing the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby or in the other Transaction Documents.

6.2 Conditions to the Obligation of the Company. The obligation of the Company to consummate the transactions to be consummated at the Closing, and to issue and sell to each Purchaser the Common Stock to be purchased by it at the Closing pursuant to this Agreement, is subject to the satisfaction or waiver in writing of the following conditions precedent:

(a) Representations and Warranties. The representations and warranties of each Purchaser in Section 4 hereto shall be true and correct on and as of the Closing Date, with the same force and effect as though made on and as of the Closing Date and consummation of the Closing shall constitute a reaffirmation by the Purchaser of each of the representations, warranties, covenants and agreements of the Purchaser contained in this Agreement as of the Closing Date.

(b) Performance. Each Purchaser shall have performed or complied with in all material respects all obligations and conditions herein required to be performed or observed by such Purchaser on or prior to the Closing Date.

(c) Injunction. The purchase of and payment for the Securities by each Purchaser shall not be prohibited or enjoined by any law or governmental or court order or regulation.

(d) Registration Rights Agreement. Each Purchaser shall have executed and delivered the Registration Rights Agreement to the Company in the form attached as Exhibit B.

(e) Payment. The Company shall have received payment, by wire transfer of immediately available funds, in the full amount of the purchase price for the number of Securities being purchased by each Purchaser at the Closing as set forth in Exhibit A.

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7. Termination.

7.1 Termination. The obligations of the Company, on the one hand, and the Purchaser, on the other hand, to effect the Closing shall terminate as follows:

(i) Upon the mutual written consent of the Company and the Purchaser prior to the Closing;

(ii) By the Company if any of the conditions set forth in Section 6.2 shall have become incapable of fulfillment, and shall not have been waived by the Company;

(iii) By the Purchaser if any of the conditions set forth in Section 6.1 shall have become incapable of fulfillment, and shall not have been waived by the Purchaser; or

(iv) By either the Company or the Purchaser if the Closing has not occurred on or prior to the fifth Trading Day following the date of this Agreement;

provided, however, that, except in the case of clauses (ii) and (iii) above, the party seeking to terminate its obligation to effect the Closing shall not then be in breach of any of its representations, warranties, covenants or agreements contained in the Transaction Documents if such breach has resulted in the circumstances giving rise to such party’s seeking to terminate its obligation to effect the Closing.

7.2 Notice. In the event of termination by the Company or the Purchaser of its obligations to effect the Closing pursuant to Section 7.1, written notice thereof shall be given to the other party. Nothing in this Section 7 shall be deemed to release any party from any liability for any breach by such party of the other terms and provisions of the Transaction Documents or to impair the right of any party to compel specific performance by any other party of its other obligations under the Transaction Documents.

8. Miscellaneous Provisions.

8.1 Public Statements or Releases. Except as set forth in Section 5.3, neither the Company nor any Purchaser shall make any public announcement with respect to the existence or terms of this Agreement or the transactions provided for herein without the prior approval of the other parties without the prior consent of the other party (which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld). Notwithstanding the foregoing, and subject to compliance with Section 5.3, nothing in this Section 8.1 shall prevent any party from making any public announcement it considers necessary in order to satisfy its obligations under the law, including applicable securities laws, or under the rules of any national securities exchange or securities market, in which case the Company shall allow the Purchaser reasonable time to comment on such release or announcement in advance of such issuance. The Company shall not include the name of the Purchaser in any press release or public announcement (which, for the avoidance of doubt, shall not include any filing with the SEC) without the prior written consent of the Purchaser, except as otherwise required by law or the applicable rules or regulations of any securities exchange or securities market, in which case the Company shall allow the Purchaser, to the extent reasonably practicable in the circumstances, reasonable time to comment on such release or announcement in advance of such issuance. Interpretation. The words “hereof,” “herein” and “hereunder” and words of similar

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import when used in this Agreement will refer to this Agreement as a whole and not to any particular provision of this Agreement, and section and subsection references are to this Agreement unless otherwise specified. The headings in this Agreement are included for convenience of reference only and will not limit or otherwise affect the meaning or interpretation of this Agreement. Whenever the words “include,” “includes” or “including” are used in this Agreement, they will be deemed to be followed by the words “without limitation.” The phrases “the date of this Agreement,” “the date hereof” and terms of similar import, unless the context otherwise requires, will be deemed to refer to the date set forth in the first paragraph of this Agreement. The meanings given to terms defined herein will be equally applicable to both the singular and plural forms of such terms. All matters to be agreed to by any party hereto must be agreed to in writing by such party unless otherwise indicated herein. References to agreements, policies, standards, guidelines or instruments, or to statutes or regulations, are to such agreements, policies, standards, guidelines or instruments, or statutes or regulations, as amended or supplemented from time to time (or to successors thereto).

8.2 Notices. Any notices or other communications required or permitted to be given hereunder shall be in writing and shall be deemed to be given (a) when delivered if personally delivered to the party for whom it is intended, (b) when delivered, if sent by electronic mail during normal business hours of the recipient, and if not sent during normal business hours, then on the recipient’s next business day, (c) three (3) days after having been sent by certified or registered mail, return-receipt requested and postage prepaid, or (d) one (1) business day after deposit with a nationally recognized overnight courier, freight prepaid, specifying next business day delivery, with written verification of receipt:

(a) If to the Company, addressed as follows:

IO Biotech, Inc.

Ole Maaløes Vej 3

DK-2200 Copenhagen N

Denmark

Attention: Mai-Britt Zocca

Email: mz@iobiotech.com

with a copy (which shall not constitute notice):

Sidley Austin LLP.

555 California Street, Suite 2000

San Francisco, CA 94104

USA

Attention: Frank F. Rahmani

Email: frahmani@sidley.com

(b) If to any Purchaser, at its address set forth on Exhibit A or to such e-mail address, or address as subsequently modified by written notice given in accordance with this Section 8.2.

Any Person may change the address to which notices and communications to it are to be addressed by notification as provided for herein.

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8.3 Severability. If any part or provision of this Agreement is held unenforceable or in conflict with the applicable laws or regulations of any jurisdiction, the invalid or unenforceable part or provisions shall be replaced with a provision which accomplishes, to the extent possible, the original business purpose of such part or provision in a valid and enforceable manner, and the remainder of this Agreement shall remain binding upon the parties hereto.

8.4 Governing Law; Submission to Jurisdiction; Venue; Waiver of Trial by Jury.

(a) This Agreement shall be governed by, and construed in accordance with, the laws of the State of New York without regard to choice of laws or conflicts of laws provisions thereof that would require the application of the laws of any other jurisdiction, except to the extent that mandatory principles of Delaware law may apply.

(b) The Company and each of the Purchasers hereby irrevocably and unconditionally:

(i) submits for itself and its property in any legal action or proceeding relating solely to this Agreement or the transactions contemplated hereby, to the general jurisdiction of the any state court or United States Federal court sitting in the City of New York in the State of New York;

(ii) consents that any such action or proceeding may be brought in such courts, and waives any objection that it may now or hereafter have to the venue of any such action or proceeding in any such court or that such action or proceeding was brought in an inconvenient court and agrees not to plead or claim the same to the extent permitted by applicable law;

(iii) agrees that service of process in any such action or proceeding may be effected by mailing a copy thereof by registered or certified mail (or any substantially similar form of mail), postage prepaid, to the party, as the case may be, at its address set forth in Section 8.2 or at such other address of which the other party shall have been notified pursuant thereto;

(iv) agrees that nothing herein shall affect the right to effect service of process in any other manner permitted by law or shall limit the right to sue in any other jurisdiction for recognition and enforcement of any judgment or if jurisdiction in the courts referenced in the foregoing clause (i) are not available despite the intentions of the parties hereto;

(v) agrees that final judgment in any such suit, action or proceeding brought in such a court may be enforced in the courts of any jurisdiction to which such party is subject by a suit upon such judgment, provided that service of process is effected upon such party in the manner specified herein or as otherwise permitted by law;

(vi) agrees that to the extent that such party has or hereafter may acquire any immunity from jurisdiction of any court or from any legal process with respect to itself or its property, such party hereby irrevocably waives such immunity in respect of its obligations under this Agreement, to the extent permitted by law; and

(vii) irrevocably and unconditionally waives trial by jury in any legal action or proceeding in relation to this Agreement.

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8.5 Waiver. No waiver of any term, provision or condition of this Agreement, whether by conduct or otherwise, in any one or more instances, shall be deemed to be, or be construed as, a further or continuing waiver of any such term, provision or condition or as a waiver of any other term, provision or condition of this Agreement.

8.6 Expenses. Except as expressly set forth in the Transaction Documents to the contrary ,each party shall pay its own out-of-pocket fees and expenses, including the fees and expenses of attorneys, accountants and consultants employed by such party, incurred in connection with the proposed investment in the Securities and the consummation of the transactions contemplated thereby; provided, however, that the Company shall pay all transfer agent fees (including, without limitation, any fees required for same-day processing of any instruction letter delivered by the Company), stamp taxes and other taxes (other than income taxes) and duties levied in connection with the delivery of any Securities to the Purchasers. The Company shall pay all Placement Agent fees relating to or arising out of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement.

8.7 Assignment. None of the parties may assign its rights or obligations under this Agreement or designate another person (i) to perform all or part of its obligations under this Agreement or (ii) to have all or part of its rights and benefits under this Agreement, in each case without the prior written consent of (x) the Company, in the case of a Purchaser, and (y) the Purchasers, in the case of the Company, provided that a Purchaser may, without the prior consent of the Company, assign its rights to purchase the Securities hereunder to any of its affiliates or to any other investment funds or accounts managed or advised by the investment manager who acts on behalf of such Purchaser (provided each such assignee agrees to be bound by the terms of this Agreement and makes the same representations and warranties set forth in Section 4 hereof). In the event of any assignment in accordance with the terms of this Agreement, the assignee shall specifically assume and be bound by the provisions of this Agreement by executing a writing agreeing to be bound by and subject to the provisions of this Agreement and shall deliver an executed counterpart signature page to this Agreement and, notwithstanding such assumption or agreement to be bound hereby by an assignee, no such assignment shall relieve any party assigning any interest hereunder from its obligations or liability pursuant to this Agreement.

8.8 Confidential Information.

(a) Each Purchaser covenants that until such time as the transactions contemplated by this Agreement are publicly disclosed by the Company, such Purchaser will maintain the confidentiality of all disclosures made to it in connection with this transaction (including the existence and terms of this transaction), other than to such Purchaser’s outside attorney, accountant, auditor or investment advisor only to the extent necessary to permit evaluation of the investment, and the performance of the necessary or required tax, accounting, financial, legal, or administrative tasks and services and other than as may be required by law.

(b) The Company may request from the Purchasers such additional information as the Company may deem necessary to evaluate the eligibility of the Purchaser to acquire the Securities, and the Purchaser shall promptly provide such information as may reasonably be requested to the extent readily available; provided, that the Company agrees to keep any such information provided by the Purchaser confidential, except (i) as required by the federal securities laws, rules or regulations and (ii) to the extent such disclosure is required by other laws,

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rules or regulations, at the request of the staff of the SEC or regulatory agency or under the regulations of Nasdaq. The Purchaser acknowledges that the Company may file a copy of this Agreement and the Registration Rights Agreement with the SEC as exhibit to a periodic report or a registration statement of the Company.

8.9 Reliance by and Exculpation of Placement Agents.

(a) Each Purchaser agrees for the express benefit of each Placement Agent, its affiliates and its representatives that (i) such Placement Agent, its affiliates and its representatives have not made, and will not make any representations or warranties with respect to the Company or the offer and sale of the Securities, and such Purchaser will not rely on any statements made by such Placement Agent, orally or in writing, to the contrary, (ii) such Purchaser will be responsible for conducting its own due diligence investigation with respect to the Company and the offer and sale of the Securities, (iii) such Purchaser will be purchasing Securities based on the results of its own due diligence investigation of the Company and such Placement Agent and each of its directors, officers, employees, representatives, and controlling persons have made no independent investigation with respect to the Company, the Securities, or the accuracy, completeness, or adequacy of any information supplied to the Purchaser by the Company, (iv) such Purchaser has negotiated the offer and sale of the Securities directly with the Company, and such Placement Agent will not be responsible for the ultimate success of any such investment and (v) the decision to invest in the Company will involve a significant degree of risk, including a risk of total loss of such investment. Each Purchaser further represents and warrants to each Placement Agent that it, including any fund or funds that it manages or advises that participates in the offer and sale of the Securities, is permitted under its constitutive documents (including, without limitation, all limited partnership agreements, charters, bylaws, limited liability company agreements, all applicable side letters with investors, and similar documents) to make investments of the type contemplated by this Agreement. This Section 8.10 shall survive any termination of this Agreement.

(b) The Company agrees and acknowledges that the Placement Agents may rely on its representations, warranties, agreements and covenants contained in this Agreement and each Purchaser agrees that the Placement Agents may rely on such Purchaser’s representations and warranties contained in this Agreement as if such representations and warranties, as applicable, were made directly to the Placement Agents.

(c) Neither the Placement Agents nor any of their respective affiliates or representatives (1) shall be liable for any improper payment made in accordance with the information provided by the Company; (2) makes any representation or warranty, or has any responsibilities as to the validity, accuracy, value or genuineness of any information, certificates or documentation delivered by or on behalf of the Company pursuant to the Transaction Agreements or in connection with any of the transactions contemplated therein; or (3) shall be liable (x) for any action taken, suffered or omitted by any of them in good faith and reasonably believed to be authorized or within the discretion or rights or powers conferred upon it by the Transaction Agreements or (y) for anything which any of them may do or refrain from doing in connection with the Transaction Agreements, except in each case for such party’s own gross negligence, willful misconduct or bad faith.

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(d) The Company agrees that the Placement Agents, their respective affiliates and representatives shall be entitled to (1) rely on, and shall be protected in acting upon, any certificate, instrument, notice, letter or any other document or security delivered to any of them by or on behalf of the Company, and (2) be indemnified by the Company for acting as a Placement Agent hereunder pursuant to the indemnification provisions set forth in the applicable letter agreement between the Company and each Placement Agent.

8.10 Third Parties. Nothing in this Agreement, express or implied, is intended to confer on any Person other than the parties to this Agreement any rights, remedies, claims, benefits, obligations or liabilities under or by reason of this Agreement, and no Person that is not a party to this Agreement (including, without limitation, any partner, member, shareholder, director, officer, employee or other beneficial owner of any party to this Agreement, in its own capacity as such or in bringing a derivative action on behalf of a party to this Agreement) shall have any standing as a third party beneficiary with respect to this Agreement or the transactions contemplated hereby. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Placement Agents are an intended third-party beneficiary of the representations and warranties of the Company and of each Purchaser set forth in Section 3, Section 4 and Section 6.1(h) and Section 8.10 respectively, of this Agreement.

8.11 Independent Nature of Purchasers’ Obligations and Right. The obligations of each Purchaser under this Agreement are several and not joint with the obligations of any other Purchaser, and no Purchaser shall be responsible in any way for the performance obligations of any other Purchaser under this Agreement. Nothing contained herein, and no action taken by any Purchaser pursuant hereto, shall be deemed to constitute the Purchasers as, and the Company acknowledges that the Purchasers do not so constitute, a partnership, an association, a joint venture or any other kind of entity, or create a presumption that the Purchasers are in any way acting in concert or as a group, and the Company will not assert any such claim with respect to such obligations or the transactions contemplated by this Agreement. The Company acknowledges and each Purchaser confirms that it has independently participated in the negotiation of the transaction contemplated hereby with the advice of its own counsel and advisors. Each Purchaser also acknowledges that Sidley Austin LLP has rendered legal advice to the Company and not such Purchaser. Each Purchaser shall be entitled to independently protect and enforce its rights, including, without limitation, the rights arising out of this Agreement, and it shall not be necessary for any other Purchaser to be joined as an additional party in any proceeding for such purpose. The Company has elected to provide all Purchasers with the same terms and Transaction Documents for the convenience of the Company and not because it was required or requested to do so by any Purchaser.

8.12 Counterparts. This Agreement may be signed in any number of counterparts, each of which shall be an original, but all of which together shall constitute one instrument.

8.13 Entire Agreement; Amendments. This Agreement and the other Transaction Agreements constitute the entire agreement between the parties hereto respecting the subject matter hereof and supersedes all prior agreements, negotiations, understandings, representations and statements respecting the subject matter hereof, whether written or oral. No modification, alteration, or change in any of the terms of this Agreement shall be valid or binding upon the parties hereto unless made in writing and duly executed by the Company and the Purchasers of at

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least a majority in interest of the Shares then held by the Purchasers. Notwithstanding the foregoing, this Agreement may not be amended and the observance of any term of this Agreement may not be waived with respect to any Purchaser without the written consent of such Purchaser unless such amendment or waiver applies to all Purchasers in the same fashion and provided that the consent of each Purchaser is required for the waiver of any of the conditions set forth in Sections 6.1(f) or 6.1(k). The Company, on the one hand, and each Purchaser, on the other hand, may by an instrument signed in writing by such parties waive the performance, compliance or satisfaction by such Purchaser or the Company, respectively, with any term or provision hereof or any condition hereto to be performed, complied with or satisfied by such Purchaser or the Company, respectively.

8.14 Survival. The covenants, representations and warranties made by each party hereto contained in this Agreement shall survive the Closing and the delivery of the Securities in accordance with their respective terms. Each Purchaser shall be responsible only for its own representations, warranties, agreements and covenants hereunder.

8.15 Mutual Drafting. This Agreement is the joint product of each Purchaser and the Company and each provision hereof has been subject to the mutual consultation, negotiation and agreement of such parties and shall not be construed for or against any party hereto.

8.16 Additional Matters. For the avoidance of doubt, the parties acknowledge and confirm that the terms and conditions of the Securities were determined as a result of arm’s-length negotiations.

9.18 Further Assurances. The parties shall execute and deliver all such further instruments and documents and take all such other actions as may reasonably be required to carry out the transactions contemplated hereby and to evidence the fulfillment of the agreements herein contained

[Remainder of Page Intentionally Left Blank.]

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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have executed this Agreement as of the day and year first above written.

COMPANY: IO BIOTECH, INC.
By:	/s/ Amy Sullivan
	Name: Amy Sullivan
	Title: Chief Financial Officer

EXHIBIT A

PURCHASERS

A-1

EXHIBIT B

FORM OF REGISTRATION RIGHTS AGREEMENT

B-1

EXHIBIT C

FORM OF WARRANT

C-1

EX-10.2

Exhibit 10.2

REGISTRATION RIGHTS AGREEMENT

THIS REGISTRATION RIGHTS AGREEMENT (this “Agreement”), dated as of August 7, 2023, is entered into by and among IO BIOTECH, INC., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), and the several investors signatory hereto (individually as an “Investor” and collectively together with their respective permitted assigns, the “Investors”). Capitalized terms used herein and not otherwise defined herein shall have the respective meanings set forth in the Stock Purchase Agreement by and among the parties hereto, dated as of the date hereof (as amended, restated, supplemented or otherwise modified from time to time, the “Purchase Agreement”).

WHEREAS:

A.    Upon the terms and subject to the conditions of the Purchase Agreement, the Company has agreed to issue to the Investors, and the Investors have agreed to purchase, severally and not jointly, an aggregate of up to $75.1 million of (x) shares (the “Initial Shares”) of the Company’s common stock, par value $0.001 per share (the “Common Stock”), and (y) warrants (the “Warrants”) to purchase shares of Common Stock, in each case, pursuant to the Purchase Agreement. The Initial Shares and the shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of the Warrants are collectively referred to herein as the “Shares.”

B.    To induce the Investors to enter into the Purchase Agreement, the Company has agreed to provide certain registration rights under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the rules and regulations thereunder, or any similar successor statute (collectively, the “Securities Act”), and applicable state securities laws.

NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the promises and the mutual covenants contained herein and other good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged, the Company and the Investors hereby agree as follows:

1.    DEFINITIONS.

For purposes of this Agreement, the following terms shall have the following meanings:

(a)    “Person” means any individual or entity including but not limited to any corporation, limited liability company, association, partnership, organization, business, individual, governmental or political subdivision thereof or a governmental agency.

(b)    “Register,” “Registered,” and “Registration” refer to a registration effected by preparing and filing one or more registration statements of the Company in compliance with the Securities Act and providing for offering securities on a continuous basis, and the declaration or ordering of effectiveness of such registration statement(s) by the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”).

(c)    “Registrable Securities” means the Shares and any Common Stock issued or issuable with respect to the Shares as a result of any stock split or subdivision, stock dividend, recapitalization, exchange or similar event. Registrable Securities shall cease to be Registrable Securities upon the earliest to occur of the following events: (i) the date that is five years following the initial effective date of the Registration Statement; and (ii) the date on which the Investors shall have resold all the Registrable Securities covered by the Registration Statement.

(d)    “Registration Expenses” shall mean all registration and filing fee expenses incurred by the Company in effecting any registration pursuant to this Agreement, including (i) all registration, qualification, and filing fees, printing expenses, and any other fees and expenses associated with filings required to be made with the SEC, FINRA or any other regulatory authority, (ii) all fees and expenses in connection with compliance with or clearing the Registrable Securities for sale under any securities or “Blue Sky” laws, (iii) all printing, duplicating, word processing, messenger, telephone, facsimile and delivery expenses, and (iv) all fees and disbursements of counsel for the Company and of all independent certified public accountants of the Company (including the expenses of any special audit and cold comfort letters required by or incident to such performance), and (v) all fees and disbursements of one special counsel for Investors during the term of this Agreement, in an amount not to exceed $35,000.

(e)    “Registration Statement” means any registration statement of the Company filed with, or to be filed with, the SEC under the Securities Act, that Registers Registrable Securities, including the related prospectus, amendments and supplements to such registration statement, including pre- and post-effective amendments, and all exhibits and all material incorporated by reference in such registration statement as may be necessary to comply with applicable securities laws. “Registration Statement” shall also include a New Registration Statement, as amended when each became effective, including all documents filed as part thereof or incorporated by reference therein, and including any information contained in a prospectus subsequently filed with the SEC.

(f)    “Selling Expenses” shall mean all underwriting discounts and selling commissions applicable to the sale of Registrable Securities and all similar fees and commissions relating to the Investors’ disposition of the Registrable Securities.

2.    REGISTRATION.

(a)    Mandatory Registration. The Company shall, as promptly as reasonably practicable and in any event no later than September 8, 2023, prepare and file with the SEC an initial Registration Statement (the “Initial Registration Statement”) covering the resale of all Registrable Securities. Before filing the Registration Statement, the Company shall furnish to the Investors a copy of the Registration Statement. The Investors and their counsel shall have at least four (4) Business Days prior to the anticipated filing date of a Registration Statement to review and comment upon such Registration Statement and any amendment or supplement to such Registration Statement and any related prospectus (including any documents incorporated by reference therein), prior to its filing with the SEC. The Company shall (a) use its reasonable best efforts to address in each such document prior to being so filed with the SEC such comments as the Investor or its counsel reasonably proposed by the Investor, and (b) not file any Registration Statement or related prospectus or any amendment or supplement thereto containing information regarding the Investor to which Investor reasonably objects, unless such information is required to comply with any applicable law or regulation. The Investors shall furnish all information reasonably requested by the Company and as shall be reasonably required in connection with any registration referred to in this Agreement.

(b)    The Company shall use its reasonable best efforts to have the Initial Registration Statement and any amendment declared effective by the SEC at the earliest possible date but no later than the earlier of the seventy-fifth (75^th) calendar day following the initial filing date of the Initial Registration Statement if the SEC notifies the Company that it will “review” the Initial Registration Statement and (b) the fifth (5^th) Business Day after the date the Company is notified (orally or in writing, whichever is earlier)

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by the SEC that the Initial Registration Statement will not be “reviewed” or will not be subject to further review (the “Effectiveness Deadline”). The Company shall notify the Investor by e-mail as promptly as practicable, and in any event, within twenty-four (24) hours, after the Registration Statement is declared effective or is supplemented and shall provide the Investor with copies of any related Prospectus to be used in connection with the sale or other disposition of the securities covered thereby. The Company shall use reasonable best efforts to keep the Initial Registration Statement effective pursuant to Rule 415 promulgated under the Securities Act and available for the resale by the Investors of all of the Registrable Securities covered thereby at all times until the earliest to occur of the following events: (i) the date that is five years following the initial effective date of the Registration Statement; (ii) the date on which the Investors shall have resold all the Registrable Securities covered thereby; and (iii) the date on which the Registrable Securities may be resold by the Investors without registration and without regard to any volume or manner-of-sale limitations by reason of Rule 144, without the requirement for the Company to be in compliance with the current public information requirement under Rule 144 under the Securities Act or any other rule of similar effect (the “Registration Period”). The Initial Registration Statement (including any amendments or supplements thereto and prospectuses contained therein) shall not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be stated therein, or necessary to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances in which they were made, not misleading.

(c)    Sufficient Number of Shares Registered. In the event the number of shares available under the Initial Registration Statement at any time is insufficient to cover the Registrable Securities, the Company shall, to the extent necessary and permissible, amend the Initial Registration Statement or file a new registration statement (together with any prospectuses or prospectus supplements thereunder, a “New Registration Statement”), so as to cover all of such Registrable Securities as soon as reasonably practicable, but in any event not later than ten (10) Business Days after the necessity therefor arises. The Company shall use its reasonable best efforts to have such amendment and/or New Registration Statement become effective as soon as reasonably practicable following the filing thereof.     

(d)    Liquidated Damages. If (i) the Initial Registration Statement has not been declared effective by the Effectiveness Deadline or (ii) after any Registration Statement has been declared effective by the SEC, sales cannot be made pursuant to such Registration Statement for any reason (including without limitation by reason of a stop order, or the Company’s failure to update such Registration Statement), but excluding any Allowed Delay (as defined below) or, if the Registration Statement is on Form S-1, for a period of twenty (20) days following the date on which the Company files a post-effective amendment to incorporate the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K (a “Maintenance Failure”), then the Company will make pro rata payments to each Investor then holding Registrable Securities, as liquidated damages and not as a penalty, in an amount equal to 1.0% of the aggregate amount paid pursuant to the Purchase Agreement by such Investor for such Registrable Securities then held by such Investor for each 30-day period or pro rata for any portion thereof following the date by which such Registration Statement should have been effective (the “Blackout Period”). Such payments shall constitute the Investors’ exclusive monetary remedy for such events, but shall not affect the right of the Investors to seek injunctive relief. The amounts payable as liquidated damages pursuant to this paragraph shall be paid in cash no later than five (5) Business Days after each such 30-day period following the commencement of the Blackout Period until the termination of the Blackout Period (the “Blackout Period Payment Date”). Interest shall accrue at the rate of 1.0% per month on any such liquidated damages payments that shall not be paid by the Blackout Period Payment Date until such amount is paid in full. Notwithstanding the above, in no event shall the aggregate amount of liquidated damages (or interest thereon) paid under this Agreement to any Investor exceed, in the aggregate, 5.0% of the aggregate purchase price of the Shares purchased by such Investor under the Purchase Agreement. Notwithstanding anything in this Section 2(d) to the contrary, during any periods that the Company is unable to meet its obligations hereunder with respect to the registration of the Registrable Securities because any Investor fails to furnish information required to be provided pursuant to

3

Section 2(a) or Section 4(a) within three (3) Business Days of the Company’s request, any liquidated damages that would otherwise accrue as to such Investor only shall be tolled until such information is delivered to the Company.

(e)    Rule 415; Cutback. If at any time the SEC takes the position that the offering of some or all of the Registrable Securities in any Registration Statement is not eligible to be made on a delayed or continuous basis under the provisions of Rule 415 under the Securities Act (provided, however, the Company shall be obligated to use reasonable best efforts to advocate with the SEC for the registration of all of the Registrable Securities) or requires any Investor to be named as an “underwriter,” the Company shall (i) promptly notify each holder of Registrable Securities thereof and (ii) make commercially reasonable efforts to persuade the SEC that the offering contemplated by such Registration Statement is a valid secondary offering and not an offering “by or on behalf of the issuer” as defined in Rule 415 and that none of the Investors is an “underwriter.” The Investors shall have the right to have its legal counsel, at such Investor’s expense, to review and oversee any registration or matters pursuant to this Section 2(d), including participation in any meetings or discussions with the SEC regarding the SEC’s position and to comment on any written submission made to the SEC with respect thereto. No such written submission with respect to this matter shall be made to the SEC to which any Investor’s counsel reasonably objects. In the event that, despite the Company’s reasonable best efforts and compliance with the terms of this Section 2(d), the SEC refuses to alter its position, the Company shall (i) remove from such Registration Statement such portion of the Registrable Securities (the “Cut Back Shares”) and/or (ii) agree to such restrictions and limitations on the registration and resale of the Registrable Securities as the SEC may require to assure the Company’s compliance with the requirements of Rule 415 (collectively, the “SEC Restrictions”); provided, however, that the Company shall not name any Investor as an “underwriter” in such Registration Statement without the prior written consent of such Investor (provided that, in the event an Investor withholds such consent, the Company shall have no obligation hereunder to include any Registrable Securities of such Investor in any Registration Statement covering the resale thereof until such time as the SEC no longer requires such Investor to be named as an “underwriter” in such Registration Statement or such Investor otherwise consents in writing to being so named). Any cut-back imposed on the Investors pursuant to this Section 2(d) shall be allocated among the Investors on a pro rata basis and shall be applied first to any of the Registrable Securities of such Investor as such Investor shall designate, unless the SEC Restrictions otherwise require or provide or the Investors otherwise agree. No liquidated damages shall accrue as to any Cut Back Shares until such date as the Company is able to effect the registration of such Cut Back Shares in accordance with any SEC Restrictions applicable to such Cut Back Shares (such date, the “Restriction Termination Date”). From and after the Restriction Termination Date applicable to any Cut Back Shares, all of the provisions of this Section 2 (including the Company’s obligations with respect to the filing of a Registration Statement and its obligations to use reasonable efforts to have such Registration Statement declared effective within the time periods set forth herein and the liquidated damages provisions relating thereto) shall again be applicable to such Cut Back Shares; provided, however, that the date by which the Company is required to obtain effectiveness with respect to such Cut Back Shares shall be the fifty-fifth (55^th) day immediately after the Restriction Termination Date.

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3.    RELATED COMPANY OBLIGATIONS.

With respect to the Registration Statement and whenever any Registrable Securities are to be Registered pursuant to Section 2, including on the Initial Registration Statement or on any New Registration Statement, the Company shall use its reasonable best efforts to effect the registration of the Registrable Securities in accordance with the intended method of disposition thereof and, pursuant thereto, the Company shall have the following obligations:

(a)    Notifications. The Company will promptly notify the Investors promptly of the time when any subsequent amendment to the Initial Registration Statement or any New Registration Statement, other than documents incorporated by reference, has been filed with the SEC and/or has become effective or where a receipt has been issued therefor or any subsequent supplement to a prospectus has been filed and of any request by the SEC for any amendment or supplement to the Registration Statement, any New Registration Statement or any prospectus or for additional information.

(b)    Amendments. The Company will prepare and file with the SEC any amendments, post-effective amendments or supplements to the Initial Registration Statement, any New Registration Statement or any related prospectus, as applicable, that, (a) as may be necessary to keep such Registration Statement effective for the Effectiveness Period and to comply with the provisions of the Securities Act and the Exchange Act with respect to the distribution of all of the Registrable Securities covered thereby, or (b) in the reasonable opinion of the Investors and the Company, as may be necessary or advisable in connection with any acquisition or sale of Registrable Securities by the Investors.

(c)    Investor Review. The Company will not file any amendment or supplement to the Registration Statement, any New Registration Statement or any prospectus, other than documents incorporated by reference, relating to the Investors, the Registrable Securities or the transactions contemplated hereby unless (A) the Investors and their counsel shall have been advised and afforded the opportunity to review and comment thereon at least four (4) Business Days prior to filing with the SEC and (B) the Company shall have given reasonable due consideration to any comments thereon received from the Investors or their counsel.

(d)    Copies Available. The Company will furnish to any Investor whose Registrable Securities are included in any Registration Statement and its counsel copies of the Initial Registration Statement, any prospectus thereunder (including all documents incorporated by reference therein), any prospectus supplement thereunder, any New Registration Statement and all amendments to the Initial Registration Statement or any New Registration Statement that are filed with the SEC during the Registration Period (including all documents filed with or furnished to the SEC during such period that are deemed to be incorporated by reference therein), each letter written by or on behalf of the Company to the SEC or the staff of the SEC, and each item of correspondence from the SEC or the staff of the SEC, in each case relating to such Registration Statement (other than any portion thereof which contains information for which the Company has sought confidential treatment) and such other documents as Investor may reasonably request in order to facilitate the disposition of the Registrable Securities owned by Investor that are covered by such Registration Statement, in each case as soon as reasonably practicable upon such Investor’s request and in such quantities as such Investor may from time to time reasonably request; provided, however, that the Company shall not be required to furnish any document to the Investor to the extent such document is available on EDGAR.

(e)    Notification of Stop Orders; Material Changes. The Company use best efforts to (i) prevent the issuance of any stop order or other suspension of effectiveness and, (ii) if such order is issued, obtain the withdrawal of any such order as soon as practicable. The Company shall advise the Investors promptly (but in no event later than 48 hours) and shall confirm such advice in writing, in each case: (i) of the Company’s receipt of notice of any request by the SEC or any other federal or state governmental authority for amendment of or a supplement to the Registration Statement or any prospectus or for any additional information; (ii) of the Company’s receipt of notice of the issuance by the SEC or any other federal or state governmental authority of any stop order suspending the effectiveness of the Initial Registration Statement or prohibiting or suspending the use of any prospectus or prospectus supplement, or any New Registration Statement, or of the Company’s receipt of any notification of the suspension of

5

qualification of the Registrable Securities for offering or sale in any jurisdiction or the initiation or contemplated initiation of any proceeding for such purpose; and (iii) of the Company becoming aware of the happening of any event, which makes any statement of a material fact made in any Registration Statement or any prospectus untrue or which requires the making of any additions to or changes to the statements then made in any Registration Statement or any prospectus in order to state a material fact required by the Securities Act to be stated therein or necessary in order to make the statements then made therein (in the case of any prospectus, in light of the circumstances under which they were made) not misleading, or of the necessity to amend any Registration Statement or any prospectus to comply with the Securities Act or any other law. The Company shall not be required to disclose to the Investors the substance of specific reasons of any of the events set forth in clause (i) to (iii) of the immediately preceding sentence (each, a “Suspension Event”), but rather, shall only be required to disclose that the event has occurred. If at any time the SEC, or any other federal or state governmental authority shall issue any stop order suspending the effectiveness of any Registration Statement or prohibiting or suspending the use of any prospectus or prospectus supplement, the Company shall use its reasonable best efforts to obtain the withdrawal of such order at the earliest practicable time. The Company shall furnish to the Investors, without charge, a copy of any correspondence from the SEC or the staff of the SEC, or any other federal or state governmental authority to the Company or its representatives relating to the Initial Registration Statement, any New Registration Statement or any prospectus, or prospectus supplement as the case may be. In the event of a Suspension Event set forth in clause (iii) of the first sentence of this Section 3(e), the Company will use its commercially reasonable efforts to publicly disclose such event as soon as reasonably practicable, or otherwise resolve the matter such that sales under Registration Statements may resume; provided, however, that if the Company has a bona fide business purpose for not making such information public, the Company may suspend the use of all Registration Statements for up to sixty (60) consecutive calendar days; provided, further, that the Company may not suspend the use of all Registration Statements more than twice, or for more than ninety (90) total calendar days, in each case during any twelve-month period.

(f)    Confirmation of Effectiveness. If reasonably requested by an Investor at any time in respect of any Registration Statement, the Company shall deliver to such Investor a written confirmation from Company’s counsel of whether or not the effectiveness of such Registration Statement has lapsed at any time for any reason (including, without limitation, the issuance of a stop order) and whether or not such Registration Statement is currently effective and available to the Company for sale of Registrable Securities.

(g)    Listing. The Company shall use best efforts to cause all Registrable Securities covered by a Registration Statement to be listed on the Nasdaq Global Select Market.

(h)    The Company shall otherwise use best efforts to comply with all applicable rules and regulations of the SEC under the Securities Act and the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), including, without limitation, Rule 172 under the Securities Act, file any final prospectus, including any supplement or amendment thereof, with the SEC pursuant to Rule 424 under the Securities Act, promptly inform the Investor in writing if, at any time during the Effectiveness Period, the Company does not satisfy the conditions specified in Rule 172 and, as a result thereof, the Investor is required to deliver a prospectus in connection with any disposition of Registrable Securities and take such other actions as may be reasonably necessary to facilitate the registration of the Registrable Securities hereunder;

(i)    Blue-Sky. The Company shall use best efforts to register or qualify or cooperate with the Investor and their counsel in connection with the registration or qualification of such Registrable Securities for the offer and sale under the securities or blue sky laws of such jurisdictions reasonably requested by the Investor; provided, however, that the Company shall not be required in connection

6

therewith or as a condition thereto to (i) qualify to do business in any jurisdiction where it would not otherwise be required to qualify but for this Section 3(i), (ii) subject itself to general taxation in any jurisdiction where it would not otherwise be so subject but for this Section 3(i), or (iii) file a general consent to service of process in any such jurisdiction.

(j)    Rule 144. With a view to making available to the Investors the benefits of Rule 144 (or its successor rule) and any other rule or regulation of the SEC that may at any time permit the Investors to sell shares of Common Stock to the public without registration, the Company covenants and agrees to: (i) make and keep adequate current public information available, as those terms are understood and defined in Rule 144, until the earlier of (A) six (6) months after such date as all of the Registrable Securities may be sold without restriction by the holders thereof pursuant to Rule 144 or any other rule of similar effect or (B) such date as there are no longer Registrable Securities; (ii) file with the SEC in a timely manner all reports and other documents required of the Company under the Exchange Act; (iii) furnish electronically to each Investor upon request, as long as such Investor owns any Registrable Securities, (A) a written statement by the Company that it has complied with the reporting requirements of the Exchange Act, (B) a copy of or electronic access to the Company’s most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K or Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, and (C) such other information as may be reasonably requested in order to avail such Investor of any rule or regulation of the SEC that permits the selling of any such Registrable Securities without registration and (iv) provide any legal opinions.

(k)    The Company shall cooperate with the holders of the Registrable Securities to facilitate the timely preparation and delivery of certificates or uncertificated shares representing the Registrable Securities to be sold pursuant to such Registration Statement or Rule 144 free of any restrictive legends and representing such number of shares of Common Stock and registered in such names as the holders of the Registrable Securities may reasonably request to the extent permitted by such Registration Statement or Rule 144 to effect sales of Registrable Securities ; for the avoidance of doubt, the Company may satisfy its obligations hereunder without issuing physical stock certificates through the use of The Depository Trust Company’s Direct Registration System.

(l)    The Company shall use reasonable best efforts to cause the Company’s transfer agent to remove any restrictive legend from any Registrable Securities, as promptly as practicable following such request.

4.    OBLIGATIONS OF THE INVESTORS.

(a)    Investor Information. The Investors shall provide a completed Investor Questionnaire in the form attached hereto as Exhibit A in connection with the registration of the Registrable Securities. The Investors will as promptly as practicable notify the Company of any material change in the information provided hereunder, other than changes in its ownership of Common Stock.

(b)    Suspension of Sales. The Investors agree that, upon receipt of any notice from the Company of the existence of Suspension Event as set forth in Section 3(e), the Investors will immediately discontinue disposition of Registrable Securities pursuant to any Registration Statement covering such Registrable Securities until the Investors’ receipt of a notice from the Company confirming the resolution of such Suspension Event and that such dispositions may again be made.

(c)    Investor Cooperation. The Investors agree to cooperate with the Company as reasonably requested by the Company in connection with the preparation and filing of any amendments and supplements to any Registration Statement or New Registration Statement hereunder, unless Investor has notified the Company in writing of its election to exclude all of its Registrable Securities from such Registration Statemen.

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5.    EXPENSES OF REGISTRATION.

All Registration Expenses incurred in connection with registrations pursuant to this Agreement shall be borne by the Company. All Selling Expenses relating to securities registered on behalf of the Investors shall be borne by the Investors pro rata on the basis of the number of Registrable Securities so registered..

6.    INDEMNIFICATION.

(a)    To the fullest extent permitted by law, the Company will, and hereby does, indemnify, hold harmless and defend the Investors, each Person, if any, who controls the Investors, the members, the directors, officers, partners, employees, members, managers, agents, representatives and advisors of the Investors and each Person, if any, who controls the Investors within the meaning of the Securities Act or the Exchange Act (each, an “Indemnified Person”), against any losses, obligation, claims, damages, liabilities, contingencies, judgments, fines, penalties, charges, costs (including, without limitation, court costs and costs of preparation, reasonable and documented attorneys’ fees, amounts paid in settlement (with the prior consent of the Company, such consent not to be unreasonably withheld) or reasonable and documented expenses, (collectively, “Claims”)) reasonably incurred in investigating, preparing or defending any action, claim, suit, inquiry, proceeding, investigation or appeal taken from the foregoing by or before any court or governmental, administrative or other regulatory agency or body or the SEC, whether pending or threatened, whether or not an indemnified party is or may be a party thereto (“Indemnified Damages”), to which any of them may become subject insofar as such Claims (or actions or proceedings, whether commenced or threatened, in respect thereof) arise out of or are based upon: (i) any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement or omission or alleged omission of any material fact contained in any Registration Statement, any preliminary Prospectus or final Prospectus, or any amendment or supplement thereof, or (ii) any violation or alleged violation by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries of the Securities Act, Exchange Act or any other state securities or other “blue sky” laws of any jurisdiction in which Registrable Securities are offered or any rule or regulation promulgated thereunder applicable to the Company or its agents and relating to action or inaction required of the Company in connection with such registration of the Registrable Securities (the matters in the foregoing clauses (i) and (ii) being, collectively, “Violations”). The Company shall reimburse each Indemnified Person promptly as such expenses are incurred and are due and payable, for any reasonable out-of-pocket legal fees or other reasonable and documented expenses incurred by them in connection with investigating or defending any such Claim. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained herein, the indemnification agreement contained in this Section 6(a): (A) shall not apply to a Claim by an Indemnified Person arising out of or based upon a Violation which occurs in reliance upon and in conformity with information furnished in writing to the Company by the Investors or such Indemnified Person specifically for use in such Registration Statement or prospectus and was reviewed and approved in writing by such Investor or such Indemnified Person expressly for use in connection with the preparation of any Registration Statement, any prospectus or any such amendment thereof or supplement thereto, if such in each case if the foregoing was timely made available by the Company; (B) with respect to any superseded prospectus, shall not inure to the benefit of any such Person from whom the Person asserting any such Claim purchased the Registrable Securities that are the subject thereof (or to the benefit of any other Indemnified Person) if the untrue statement or omission of material fact contained in the superseded prospectus was corrected in the revised prospectus, as then amended or supplemented, and the Indemnified Person was promptly advised in writing not to use the outdated, defective or incorrect prospectus prior to the use giving rise to a violation; (C) shall not be available to the extent such Claim is based on a failure of the Investors to deliver, or cause to be

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delivered, if required the prospectus to the Persons asserting an untrue statement or omission or alleged untrue statement or omission at or prior to the written confirmation of the sale of Registrable Securities; and (D) shall not apply to amounts paid in settlement of any Claim if such settlement is effected without the prior written consent of the Company, which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld. Such indemnity shall remain in full force and effect regardless of any investigation made by or on behalf of the Indemnified Person and shall survive the transfer of the Registrable Securities by the Investor pursuant to Section 8.

(b)    In connection with the Initial Registration Statement, any New Registration Statement or any prospectus, the Investors, severally and not jointly, agree to indemnify, hold harmless and defend, the Company, each of its directors, each of its officers who signed the Initial Registration Statement or signs any New Registration Statement, each Person, if any, who controls the Company within the meaning of the Securities Act or the Exchange Act (collectively and together with an Indemnified Person, an “Indemnified Party”), against any losses, claims, damages, liabilities and expense (including reasonable attorney fees) resulting from any Violation, in each case to the extent, and only to the extent, that such Violation occurs in reliance upon and in conformity with information about the Investors furnished in writing by the Investor to the Company and reviewed and approved in writing by such Investor or such Indemnified Person expressly for use in connection with the preparation of the Registration Statement, any New Registration Statement, any prospectus or any such amendment thereof or supplement thereto. In no event shall the liability of Investor be greater in amount than the dollar amount of the proceeds (net of all expense paid by Investor in connection with any claim relating to this Section 6 and the amount of any damages Investor has otherwise been required to pay by reason of such untrue statement or omission) received by Investor upon the sale of the Registrable Securities included in such Registration Statement giving rise to such indemnification obligation. Such indemnity shall remain in full force and effect regardless of any investigation made by or on behalf of such Indemnified Party and shall survive the transfer of the Registrable Securities by any Investor pursuant to Section 8.

(c)    Promptly after receipt by an Indemnified Person or Indemnified Party under this Section 6 of notice of the commencement of any action or proceeding (including any governmental action or proceeding) involving a Claim, such Indemnified Person or Indemnified Party shall, if a Claim in respect thereof is to be made against any indemnifying party under this Section 6, deliver to the indemnifying party a written notice of the commencement thereof, and the indemnifying party shall have the right to participate in, and, to the extent the indemnifying party so desires, jointly with any other indemnifying party similarly noticed, to assume control of the defense thereof with counsel mutually satisfactory to the indemnifying party and the Indemnified Person or the Indemnified Party, as the case may be, and upon such notice, the indemnifying party shall not be liable to the Indemnified Person or the Indemnified Party for any legal or other expenses subsequently incurred by the Indemnified Person or the Indemnified Party in connection with the defense thereof; provided, however, that an Indemnified Person or Indemnified Party (together with all other Indemnified Persons and Indemnified Parties that may be represented without conflict by one counsel) shall have the right to retain its own counsel with the reasonable fees and expenses to be paid by the indemnifying party, if, in the reasonable opinion of counsel retained by the indemnifying party, the representation by such counsel of the Indemnified Person or Indemnified Party and the indemnifying party would be inappropriate due to actual or potential differing interests between such Indemnified Person or Indemnified Party and any other party represented by such counsel in such proceeding. The Indemnified Party or Indemnified Person shall cooperate with the indemnifying party in connection with any negotiation or defense of any such action or claim by the indemnifying party and shall furnish to the indemnifying party all information reasonably available to the Indemnified Party or Indemnified Person which relates to such action or claim. The indemnifying party shall keep the Indemnified Party or Indemnified Person fully apprised as to the status of the defense or any settlement negotiations with respect thereto. No indemnifying party shall be liable for any settlement of any action, claim or proceeding effected without its written

9

consent, provided, however, that the indemnifying party shall not unreasonably withhold, delay or condition its consent. No indemnifying party shall, without the consent of the Indemnified Party or Indemnified Person, consent to entry of any judgment or enter into any settlement or other compromise which does not include as an unconditional term thereof the giving by the claimant or plaintiff to such Indemnified Party or Indemnified Person of a release from all liability in respect to such claim or litigation. Following indemnification as provided for hereunder, the indemnifying party shall be subrogated to all rights of the Indemnified Party or Indemnified Person with respect to all third parties, firms or corporations relating to the matter for which indemnification has been made. The failure to deliver written notice to the indemnifying party within a reasonable time of the commencement of any such action shall not relieve such indemnifying party of any liability to the Indemnified Person or Indemnified Party under this Section 6, except to the extent that the indemnifying party is prejudiced in its ability to defend such action.

(d)    The indemnification required by this Section 6 shall be made by periodic payments of the amount thereof during the course of the investigation or defense, as and when bills are received or Indemnified Damages are incurred. Any Person receiving a payment pursuant to this Section 6 which person is later determined to not be entitled to such payment shall return such payment (including reimbursement of expenses) to the person making it.

(e)    The indemnity agreements contained herein shall be in addition to (i) any cause of action or similar right of the Indemnified Party or Indemnified Person against the indemnifying party or others, and (ii) any liabilities the indemnifying party may be subject to pursuant to the law.

7.    CONTRIBUTION.

To the extent any indemnification by an indemnifying party is prohibited or limited by law, the indemnifying party agrees to make the maximum contribution with respect to any amounts for which it would otherwise be liable under Section 6 to the fullest extent permitted by law; provided, however, that: (i) no seller of Registrable Securities guilty of fraudulent misrepresentation (within the meaning of Section 11(f) of the Securities Act) shall be entitled to contribution from any seller of Registrable Securities who was not guilty of fraudulent misrepresentation; and (ii) contribution by any seller of Registrable Securities shall be limited in amount to the net amount of proceeds (net of all expenses paid by such holder in connection with any claim relating to this Section 6 and the amount of any damages such holder has otherwise been required to pay by reason of such untrue or alleged untrue statement or omission or alleged omission) received by such seller from the sale of such Registrable Securities giving rise to such contribution obligation.

8.    ASSIGNMENT OF REGISTRATION RIGHTS.

The Company shall not assign this Agreement or any rights or obligations hereunder (whether by operation of law or otherwise) without the prior written consent of the Investors holding a majority of the Registrable Securities then outstanding; provided, however, that in any transaction, whether by merger, reorganization, restructuring, consolidation, financing or otherwise, whereby the Company is a party and in which the Registrable Securities are converted into the equity securities of another Person, from and after the effective time of such transaction, such Person shall, by virtue of such transaction, be deemed to have assumed the obligations of the Company hereunder, the term “Company” shall be deemed to refer to such Person and the term “Registrable Securities” shall be deemed to include the securities received by the Investor in connection with such transaction unless such securities are otherwise freely tradable by the Investor after giving effect to such transaction, and the prior written consent of the Investors holding a majority of the Registrable Securities then outstanding shall not be required for such transaction. No Investor may assign its rights under this Agreement, other than to an affiliate of such Investor, without the prior written consent of the Company. The provisions of this Agreement shall be binding upon and inure to the benefit of the Investor and its successors and permitted assigns.

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9.    AMENDMENTS AND WAIVERS.

The provisions of this Agreement, including the provisions of this sentence, may be amended, modified or supplemented, or waived only by a written instrument executed by (i) the Company and (ii) the holders of a majority of the then outstanding Registrable Securities (voting together as a single class), provided that any party may give a waiver as to itself and provided further provided that any amendment, modification, supplement or waiver that disproportionately and adversely affects the rights and obligations of any Investor relative to the comparable rights and obligations of the other Investors shall require the prior written consent of such adversely affected Investor or each Investor, as applicable. Notwithstanding the foregoing, a waiver or consent to depart from the provisions hereof with respect to a matter that relates exclusively to the rights of one or more Investors and that does not adversely directly or indirectly affect the rights of other Investors may be given by Investors holding all of the Registrable Securities to which such waiver or consent relates.

10.    MISCELLANEOUS.

(a)    Notices. Any notices or other communications required or permitted to be given hereunder shall be in writing and shall be deemed to be given (a) when delivered if personally delivered to the party for whom it is intended, (b) when delivered, if sent by electronic mail during normal business hours of the recipient, and if not sent during normal business hours, then on the recipient’s next business day, (c) three (3) days after having been sent by certified or registered mail, return-receipt requested and postage prepaid, or (d) one (1) business day after deposit with a nationally recognized overnight courier, freight prepaid, specifying next business day delivery, with written verification of receipt:

i.    If to the Company, addressed as follows:

IO Biotech, Inc.

Ole Maaløes Vej 3

DK-2200 Copenhagen N

Denmark

Attention: Mai-Britt Zocca

Email: mb@iobiotech.com

  with a copy (which shall not constitute notice):

Sidley Austin LLP.

555 California Street, Suite 2000

San Francisco, CA 94104

USA

Attention: Frank F. Rahmani

Email: frahmani@sidley.com

ii.    If to any Investor, at its e-mail address or address set forth on Exhibit A to the Purchase Agreement or to such e-mail address, or address as subsequently modified by written notice given in accordance with this Section 10.

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Any Person may change the address to which notices and communications to it are to be addressed by notification as provided for herein.

(b)    No Waiver. No failure or delay on the part of either party hereto in the exercise of any power, right or privilege under this Agreement shall operate as a waiver thereof, nor shall any single or partial exercise of any such power, right or privilege preclude any other or further exercise thereof or of any other right, power or privilege.

(c)    Governing Law. The provisions of Section 8.5 of the Purchase Agreement are incorporated by reference herein mutatis mutandis.

(d)    Integration. This Agreement, the Purchase Agreement and the other Transaction Agreements constitute the entire understanding among the parties hereto with respect to the subject matter hereof and thereof. There are no restrictions, promises, warranties or undertakings, other than those set forth or referred to herein and therein. This Agreement, the Purchase Agreement and the other Transaction Agreements supersede all other prior oral or written agreements between the Investors, the Company, their affiliates and persons acting on their behalf with respect to the subject matter hereof and thereof.

(e)    No Third Party Benefits. Subject to the requirements of Section 8, this Agreement shall inure to the benefit of and be binding upon the permitted successors and assigns of each of the parties hereto.

(f)    Headings. The titles, subtitles and headings in this Agreement are for convenience of reference and shall not form part of, or affect the interpretation of, this Agreement.

(g)    Counterparts. This Agreement may be executed in two or more identical counterparts, all of which shall be considered one and the same agreement and shall become effective when counterparts have been signed by each party and delivered to the other party; provided that a facsimile or pdf signature including any electronic signatures complying with the U.S. federal ESIGN Act of 2000, e.g., www.docusign.com shall be considered due execution and shall be binding upon the signatory thereto with the same force and effect as if the signature were an original, not a facsimile or pdf (or other electronic reproduction of a) signature.

(h)    Each party shall do and perform, or cause to be done and performed, all such further acts and things, and shall execute and deliver all such other agreements, certificates, instruments and documents as the other party may reasonably request in order to carry out the intent and accomplish the purposes of this Agreement and the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby.

(i)    The language used in this Agreement will be deemed to be the language chosen by the parties to express their mutual intent and no rules of strict construction will be applied against any party.

(j)    This Agreement is intended for the benefit of the parties hereto and their respective permitted successors and assigns, and is not for the benefit of, nor may any provision hereof be enforced by, any other Person. Nothing in this Agreement, express or implied, is intended to confer upon any party other than the parties hereto or their respective successors and assigns any rights, remedies, obligations, or liabilities under or by reason of this Agreement, except as expressly provided in this Agreement.

(k)    Any provision of this Agreement that is prohibited or unenforceable in any jurisdiction shall, as to such jurisdiction, be ineffective to the extent of such prohibition or unenforceability without invalidating the remaining provisions hereof but shall be interpreted as if it were written so as to be enforceable to the maximum extent permitted by applicable law, and any such prohibition or

12

unenforceability in any jurisdiction shall not invalidate or render unenforceable such provision in any other jurisdiction. To the extent permitted by applicable law, the parties hereby waive any provision of law which renders any provisions hereof prohibited or unenforceable in any respect.

(l)    Non-Recourse. Notwithstanding anything that may be expressed or implied in this Agreement, the Company covenants, agrees and acknowledges that no recourse under this Agreement or any documents or instruments delivered in connection with this Agreement shall be had against any current or future director, officer, employee, stockholder, general or limited partner or member of the Investors or of any affiliates or assignees thereof, whether by the enforcement of any assessment or by any legal or equitable proceeding, or by virtue of any statute, regulation or other applicable law, it being expressly agreed and acknowledged that no personal liability whatsoever shall attach to, be imposed on or otherwise be incurred by any current or future director, officer, employee, stockholder, general or limited partner or member of the Investors or of any affiliates or assignees thereof, as such for any obligation of the Investors under this Agreement or any documents or instruments delivered in connection with this Agreement for any claim based on, in respect of or by reason of such obligations or their creation.

(m)    Cumulative Remedies. The remedies provided herein are cumulative and not exclusive of any remedies provided by law.

[Signature Page Follows]

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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties have caused this Registration Rights Agreement to be duly executed as of date first written above.

COMPANY:
IO BIOTECH, INC.
By:	/s/ Amy Sullivan
	Name: Amy Sullivan
	Title: Chief Financial Officer

[Signature Page to Registration Rights Agreement]

EX-99.1

Exhibit 99.1

IO Biotech, Inc. Announces $75 Million Private Placement Financing

• Offering includes participation from both new and existing healthcare-dedicated investors.

• Proceeds extend the company’s cash runway into the fourth quarter of 2025

NEW YORK, August 7, 2023 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) – IO Biotech, Inc. (Nasdaq: IOBT), a clinical biopharmaceutical company developing novel, immune-modulating cancer vaccines based on its T-win® technology platform, today announced that it has entered into a definitive securities purchase agreement for a private placement that is expected to result in gross proceeds of approximately $75 million, before deducting offering expenses. The private placement includes participation from new and existing investors, including Lundbeckfonden BioCapital; Kurma Growth Opportunities Fund; Vivo Capital; Armistice Capital; Marshall Wace; Samsara BioCapital; Novo Holdings; Stonepine Capital Management; PFM Health Sciences, LP; HBM Healthcare Investments (Cayman) Limited; Pivotal Life Sciences; Sunstone Life Science Ventures; Logos Capital; Altamont Pharmaceutical Holdings, LLC; and The Red Hook Fund LP; among others. Members of the company’s management team also participated in this transaction.

“The continued strong support that we have received from our existing investors and the enthusiasm from an impressive group of new healthcare investors are testaments to the potential of IO102-IO103, to the strength of the data generated to date from the Phase 1/2 study in metastatic melanoma and from our ongoing Phase 2 basket study (IOB-022/KND38),” said Mai-Britt Zocca, PhD, President and CEO of IO Biotech. “With the proceeds of this financing, we expect to have sufficient capital to fund our operations into the fourth quarter of 2025, supporting the continued development of IO102-IO103 through critical clinical milestones from our pivotal Phase 3 trial in first-line advanced melanoma, as well as from our Phase 2 studies.”

Under the securities purchase agreement, the investors have agreed to purchase 37,065,647 shares of the company’s common stock and accompanying warrants to purchase up to an aggregate of 37,065,647 shares of common stock, at a combined purchase price of $2.025 per share and accompanying warrant. Each accompanying warrant will represent the right to purchase one share of the company’s common stock at an exercise price of $2.47 per share. The warrants will be exercisable for a period of three years and six months following the date of issuance.

Morgan Stanley and Piper Sandler acted as joint placement agents for the financing.

The offer and sale of the foregoing securities are being made in a transaction not involving a public offering and the securities have not been registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), or applicable state securities laws. Accordingly, the securities may not be reoffered or resold in the United States except pursuant to an effective registration statement or an applicable exemption from the registration requirements of the Securities Act and such applicable state securities laws.

This press release does not constitute an offer to sell or the solicitation of an offer to buy the securities, nor shall there be any sale of the securities in any state in which such offer, solicitation or sale would be unlawful prior to the registration or qualification under the securities laws of such state.

About IO102-IO103

IO102-IO103 is an investigational immune-modulating cancer vaccine designed to target the immunosuppressive mechanisms mediated by the proteins indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO)

and PD-L1. The company is currently conducting a Phase 3 trial (IOB-013/KN-D18; NCT05155254) evaluating IO102-IO103 in combination with pembrolizumab in first-line advanced melanoma patients. The company is also conducting a Phase 2 basket trial (IOB-022/KN-D38; NCT05077709), a non-comparative, open label trial to investigate the safety and efficacy of IO102-IO103 in combination with pembrolizumab for the first-line treatment of each of the following advanced cancers: non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN).

About IO Biotech

IO Biotech is a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company developing novel, immune-modulating cancer vaccines based on its T-win® vaccine platform. The T-win platform is a novel approach to cancer vaccines designed to activate T cells to target the most important immunosuppressive cells in the tumor microenvironment. IO Biotech is advancing in clinical studies its lead cancer vaccine candidate, IO102-IO103, targeting IDO and PD-L1, and through preclinical development its other pipeline candidates. IO Biotech is headquartered in Copenhagen, Denmark and has US headquarters in New York, New York.

Forward-Looking Statements

This press release contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Forward-looking statements, including regarding the closing of the private placement, the timing of the interim analysis of our Phase 3 trial, current or future clinical trials, their progress, enrollment or results, or the company’s financial position or cash runway, are based on IO Biotech’s current assumptions and expectations of future events and trends, which affect or may affect its business, strategy, operations or financial performance, and actual results and other events may differ materially from those expressed or implied in such statements due to numerous risks and uncertainties. Forward-looking statements are inherently subject to risks and uncertainties, some of which cannot be predicted or quantified. Because forward-looking statements are inherently subject to risks and uncertainties, you should not rely on these forward-looking statements as predictions of future events. These forward-looking statements speak only as of the date hereof and should not be unduly relied upon. Except to the extent required by law, IO Biotech undertakes no obligation to update these statements, whether as a result of any new information, future developments or otherwise.

Company Contact:

Maryann Cimino, Director of Investor Relations

IO Biotech, Inc.

617-710-7305

mci@iobiotech.com

EX-99.2

Exhibit 99.2 Cancer Vaccines: The Next Immunotherapy Frontier IO Biotech Breaking boundaries. Igniting change. Nasdaq: IOBT Corporate Overview Summer 2023 © 2023 IO Biotech, Inc. Confidential O Co v n efr id vie en w tial Overview 1

Disclaimer and Forward-Looking Statements This presentation is provided solely for informational purposes and has been prepared to assist interested parties in making their own evaluation with respect to a potential private placement of the securities (the “Private Placement”) of IO Biotech, Inc. (the “Company”). No representations or warranties, express or implied, are given in, or with respect to, this presentation. The information in this presentation does not contain or purport to contain all of the information that may be relevant to an investor’s decision to participate in the Private Placement. It is the sole responsibility of each investor to make its own evaluation of the Company and the Private Placement and to ask such additional questions and obtain such additional information as such investor deems necessary. The securities to be issued in the Private Placement will not be registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), or the securities laws of any other jurisdiction. The Company intends to offer such securities in reliance on exemptions from the registration requirements of the Securities Act and other applicable laws. Any offer or sale of such securities will only be made to persons that are institutional “accredited investors” within the meaning of Rule 501(a) under the Securities Act or “qualified institutional buyers” within the meaning of Rule 144A under the Securities Act. These securities will not be approved or recommended by any federal, state or foreign securities authorities, nor will any of these authorities pass upon the merits of the Private Placement. This presentation shall not constitute an offer to sell or the solicitation of an offer to buy these securities, nor shall there be any sale of these securities in any state or jurisdiction in which such offer, solicitation, or sale would be unlawful prior to registration or qualification under the securities laws of any such state or jurisdiction. This presentation and the information contained herein (the “Confidential Information”) constitutes confidential information. By receiving the Confidential Information, you agree to maintain the confidentiality of the Confidential Information and that such Confidential Information is subject to any confidentiality obligations you or your affiliates have with respect to the Company, its business, or the Private Placement. Any reproduction or distribution of the Confidential Information without the prior written consent of the Company is prohibited. All statements contained in this presentation that do not relate to matters of historical fact should be considered forward-looking statements, including statements relating to our development of IO102-IO103, IO112, and any other product candidates, the promise and potential impact of our preclinical or clinical trial data, and the timing and results of any clinical trials or readouts. These forward-looking statements are based on management’s current expectations. Forward-looking statements, in some cases, can be identified by terms such as “may,” “should,” “would,” “expects,” “plans,” “anticipates,” “could,” “intends,” “target,” “projects,” “contemplates,” “believes,” “estimates,” “predicts,” “potential” or “continue” or the negative of these terms, or other comparable terminology intended to identify statements about the future. Forward-looking statements contained in this presentation include, but are not limited to, statements regarding our future financial or business performance, conditions, plans, prospects, trends or strategies and other financial and business matters; the timing, progress and success of our clinical trials of IO102-IO103, IO112, and any other product candidates, including statements regarding the timing of initiation and completion of studies or trials and related preparatory work, the period during which the results of the trials will become available and our research and development program; our ability to enroll patients in our clinical trials at the pace that we project; regulatory approvals and actions with respect to our product candidates or our competitors’ products and product candidates; the outcomes of our preclinical studies; the cost of development of any of our product candidates or clinical development programs; expectations about the period of time over which our existing capital resources will be sufficient to fund our operating expenses and capital expenditures; the potential attributes and clinical benefits of the use of IO102-IO103, IO112 or any other product candidate, if approved; our ability to successfully commercialize IO102-IO103, IO112 or any other product candidates we may identify and pursue, if approved; our ability to successfully establish or maintain collaborations or strategic relationships for our product candidates; the rate and degree of market acceptance of IO102-IO103, IO112 or any other product candidates we may identify and pursue; our ability to obtain orphan drug designation, Breakthrough Therapy Designation, accelerated or other approval for any of our product candidates we may identify; our expectations regarding government and third-party payor coverage and reimbursement; our ability to manufacture, including through contract manufacturing organizations, IO102-IO103, IO112 or any other product candidate in conformity with the Food and Drug Administration’s requirements and the requirements of other applicable regulatory authorities; our ability to successfully build a sales force and commercial infrastructure; our ability to compete with companies currently producing or engaged in the clinical development of treatments for the disease indications that we pursue and treatment modalities that we develop; our reliance on third parties to conduct our clinical trials; our reliance on third parties to manufacture and supply our product candidates for us; our ability to retain and recruit key personnel; our ability to obtain and maintain intellectual property protection for IO102-IO103, IO112 or any other product candidates we may identify and pursue; our estimates of our expenses, ongoing losses, future revenue, capital requirements and our needs for or ability to obtain additional financing; and developments and projections relating to our competitors or our industry. New risks and uncertainties may emerge from time to time, and it is not possible to predict all risks and uncertainties. Except as required by law, we assume no obligation to update these forward looking statements publicly, or to update the reasons actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in the forward-looking statements, even if new information becomes available in the future. For a discussion of these and other risks and uncertainties, and other important factors, any of which could cause our actual results to differ from those contained in the forward looking statements, see the section entitled “Risk Factors” in our most recent annual report on Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”), as well as discussions of potential risks, uncertainties, and other important factors in our other subsequent filings with the SEC. Recipients are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date such statements are made and should not be construed as statements of fact. This presentation includes statistical and other industry and market data that we obtained from industry publications and research, surveys and studies conducted by third parties as well as our own estimates of potential market opportunities. All of the market data used in this presentation involves a number of assumptions and limitations, and you are cautioned not to give undue weight to such data. Industry publications and third party research, surveys and studies generally indicate that their information has been obtained from sources believed to be reliable, although they do not guarantee the accuracy or completeness of such information. Our estimates of the potential market opportunities for our product candidates include several key assumptions based on our industry knowledge, industry publications, third party research and other surveys, which may be based on a small sample size and may fail to accurately reflect market opportunities. While we believe that our internal assumptions are reasonable, and management is responsible for the accuracy of such assumptions and data, no independent source has verified such assumptions. Confidential Overview 2

“Cancer Vaccines: the next immunotherapy frontier” Vaccines based on seminal discovery of T cells that target immune-suppressive proteins (e.g., IDO1, PDL1). IO Biotech's T-win Vaccine Platform: Pioneered first immune Direct killing of immune- modulating vaccine directed suppressive cells (IDO1 & PDL1), including both tumor against cells (Tregs & TAMs) in the TME expressing cells and genetically stable immune-suppressive cells in the TME, proteins (currently in Ph3) demonstrated in Ph1/2 Modulation of the TME into a more pro-inflammatory, anti- tumor environment by eradicating IDO and PD-L1 positive Tregs and TAMs T-win® IO102-IO103 vaccine has potential to significantly improve current treatment paradigm 1. Lin et al. Nature Cancer 3, 911-926 (2022) Confidential Overview 3 2. Runwal P. National Geographic, published 22 Dec 2022

Growth Trajectory Supported by Significant Clinical Milestone Momentum Industry Pioneers Shifting the Melanoma Treatment Paradigm Potential for US Market Entry in 2025 Multiple Upside Opportunities in Other Solid Tumors Poised for growth 5 Confidential Overview

T-Win® Vaccine Targets the Immune System Vaccine designed to engage critical immune suppressive cells (e.g. Tregs, TAMs, MDSCs) T-win vaccine designed to target Induction of potent immune response within the TME Potential to overcome limitations of high value TME proteins to enhance killing of tumor cells: previous approaches • Direct killing of target-expressing immunosuppressive cells in the TME (e.g. IDO, PD-L1, arginase) • Modulation of the TME into a more pro-inflammatory, anti-tumor environment Tumor-specific Tumor cell T cell death APC Tumor cells MDSC MDSC T-win drug candidate Treg TAMs Treg Targeted effector T-cell Targeted Proinflammatory effector T-cell cytokines Targeted effector T cell Subcutaneous injection with T- T-win vaccine activates T-cells Vaccine activated T cells attack immune The inflamed TME becomes immune- 1 2 3 4 win vaccine suppressive targeted antigen positive cells permissive, enabling further tumor cell killing by the recruited tumor-specific T cells Kjeldsen et al. Nat Med. 2021;27:2212–2223. Erratum in: Nat Med. 2022;28(4):871 Confidential Overview 6

Translating our Science to Clinical Outcomes for Patients Confidential Overview 7

Current Pipeline – All Programs On Track Line of therapy/ Program Pre-clinical Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 3 Milestones indication ü 225 patients enrolled June 2023 First Line Advanced • Complete enrollment: by year- (1) Melanoma end 2023 • Interim analysis: mid-2024 ü Encouraging data from nine evaluable NSCLC patients (2) IO102-IO103 • Lung (NSCLC) announced January 2023 (1) (2) • Head & Neck (SCCHN) First Line Solid Tumors Targets: • Continue enrolling Phase 2 (2) • Bladder (UBC) IDO, PD-L1 “basket” trial • Additional data in 2023 • Melanoma Neo-adjuvant / (2) • Initiate Phase 2 “basket” trial in • Head & Neck (SCCHN) (1) Adjuvant Solid Tumors 2H 2023 • Indication TBD IO112 Indications TBD Solid Tumors • IND Ready Target: IO112 Arginase 1 1. In combination with pembrolizumab 2. NSCLC = non-small cell lung cancer, SCCHN = squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck, UBC = urothelial bladder cancer Confidential Overview 8

IO Biotech’s Clinical Strategy Leverage First Mover Advantage in Melanoma and Expand into Multiple Cancer Types REASONS TO BELIEVE § Melanoma 1L in combination with * ü Potential position in the “desired pembrolizumab (potential accelerated approval) LAUNCH quadrant” of high efficacy and low toxicity ü Compelling ORR and CRR ** § Melanoma 1L in combination with other CPIü Strong data in key subgroups including elevated LDH, PD-L1+ *** § Earlier setting in combination with pembrolizumab GROW and stage M1c ü Favorable survival with mOS still NR and 3-yr OS rate of 73% ü Favorable safety profile with Gr3-5 + § NSCLC and SCCHN 1L TRAEs of 17%; no incremental increase of systemic toxicity over EXPAND anti-PD1 monotherapy *IOB-013; **MSKCC IIT IO102/IO103 in combination with nivolumab/relatlimab (Opdualag); ***IOB-032, KIEO IIT; +IOB-022, IOB-032, HN1901, UCD IIT NSCLC, non-small cell lung cancer, SCCHN = squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck Confidential Overview 9

Melanoma: A Potentially Life-Threatening Cancer with High Unmet Need for More Efficacious and Tolerable Combination Therapies In 2023 in the U.S.*: 100,000 8,000 Expected New Expected to Die Melanoma Cases of Melanoma Current combination therapies more efficacious but associated with considerable toxicity Anti-PD-1 antibodies Anti-PD-1 antibodies in combination (Monotherapy): with Anti-CTLA-4 antibodies 59% 43-51% 49% BUT grade 3/4 TRAEs 5-year overall survival 6.5-year overall survival Larkin et al. N Engl J Med. 2019; 381(16):1535-1546; Robert 2019; Wolchock et al ASCO 2021 Abstract 9506; Wolchock et al. J Clin Oncol 10 Confidential Overview 2022: 40(2):127-137; * American Cancer Society website accessed 3/1/2023

US Melanoma Market: Projected 10.6% CAGR 2021-2028 Room for innovative therapies and combinations Fore 10 cast US Melanoma Drug Sales ($ in billions) 9 8.6 8 8 7 7 6.3 6 5.5 4.9 5 4.4 4.3 4 3 2 1 0 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 Confidential Overview 11 * Source: Evaluate Pharma 5/11/2023 ($ in billions)

PHASE 1/2 TRIAL Compelling Phase 1/2 Melanoma Data Published in Nature Medicine Successful Outcomes Drive Continued Clinical Development December 09, 2021 January 2023 Data Cut* as Published in JITC, May 2023 25.5 49.8 months mPFS months median follow up mOS Not yet reached* 80% 50% ORR CRR (as previously reported in Nature; RECIST1.1= 73.3% ORR) January 23 update: One patient was re-evaluated and did not have “real progression” but instead pseudo progression Confidential Overview 12 Lorentzen et al. J Immunother Cancer 2023;11(5):e006755

Positioned for Leadership in the Evolving Melanoma Landscape Our Goal: inducing meaningful tumor regression and establishing durable anti-tumor response while achieving a manageable tolerability profile for patients Benefit-Risk Ratio In Phase 3 IO102-IO103 in the desired “quadrant” First mover advantage with IO102-IO103 • High PFS, high ORR, low AEs Potential Competitive Advantages Future combination therapy Potential broad applicability • Strong potential to become backbone of future • Consistent results across melanoma triple combination therapies subgroups • No additional systemic toxicity observed in • Applicability across tumor types and stages completed clinical trials • Potential for use across patients regardless • Designed to be off-the-shelf vaccine of PD-L1 expression Potential to be well-positioned vs. recent combination market entrants Effect only in a subset of patients (PD-L1 low: < 1%)* * Relativity 047 study data as reported Confidential Overview 13

IO102-IO103 Immune-Modulating Cancer Vaccine: Ongoing Clinical Trials Confidential Overview 14

st IOB-013/KN-D18: Pivotal Phase 3Trial in 1 Line Melanoma On Track 225 patients randomized (June ‘23); 380 expected to be randomized by year-end 2023 • Trial active in >100 sites, across Europe, Australia, South Africa, Israel and the United States • 225 patients randomized as of 14 June 2023; protocol calls for an interim analysis of ORR in 1 year • 380 patients to be enrolled by year-end 2023 to accelerate time to reach primary PFS endpoint • IDMC meeting in May 2023 recommended that the trial continue without modifications IDMC, independent data monitoring committee 15 ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT05155254 Confidential Overview

IOB-022/KN-D38: Phase 2 Solid Tumor Basket Trial Currently Enrolling Eligibility Criteria Endpoints 1 Cohorts Primary endpoint: • N=up to 30 per cohort NSCLC • ORR PD- L1 TPS ≥ 50% • Previously untreated 1:1 Secondary endpoints: metastatic solid tumors SCCHN (HPV +/-) IO102-IO103 and Pembrolizumab • PFS (RECIST1.1) PD- L1 CPS ≥ 20 200mg q3w • DoR • No prior 1-line therapy • CR UBC For up to 35 cycles • Measurable disease • DCR PD-L1 CPS ≥ 10 • OS • ECOG PS 0 or 1 • Safety Cohort A = Non-small cell lung cancer adenocarcinoma Cohort B = Squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck R/M disease Cohort C = Urothelial bladder cancer ineligible for platinum-containing chemotherapy EudraCT No. 2021-003026-69; ClinicalTrials.gov No. NCT05077709 Confidential Overview 16

IOB-022/KN-D38: Demographics and Baseline Characteristics Data Cut: June 12, 2023 Patients NSCLC SCCHN Patients NSCLC SCCHN n = 24 n=6 n = 24 N=6 Age (years) HPV p16 status Median Positive 2 (33%) 71.0 70.0 Negative 4 (67%) Sex Female 14 (58%) 2 (33%) Stage (%) Male 10 (42%) 4 (67%) IIIA 1(4%) ECOG Performance status IIIB 1(4%) 0 9 (37%) 2 (33%) IVA 9 (38%) 2(33%) 1 15 (63%) 4 (67%) IVB 1 (17%) 9 (38%) IVC 3(50%) IV (no-sub-staging) 3 (12%) Missing data 1(4%) Confidential Overview 17

IOB-022/KN-D38: Encouraging ORR in Efficacy Evaluable Patients Data Cut: June 12, 2023 NSCLC SCCHN Best Overall 1 1 Response n = 17 n = 5 3/5 ORR 9 (52.9%) 95% CI [27.8, 77.0] CR 0 0 PR 9 (52.9%) 3 SD 5 (29.4%) 0 PD 3 (17.6%) 2 • KEYNOTE-042 (pembro alone in 1L NSCLC PD-L1 ≥50%): ORR 39% (Mok et al. Lancet 2019) • KEYNOTE-48 (pembro alone in 1L SCCHN CPS ≥20%): ORR 23% (Burtness et al. Lancet 2019) 1. Minimum Exposure and Efficacy Evaluable population (MEEE) is defined as all patients who received at least 2 cycles of IMP and have baseline and at least one post-baseline efficacy assessment or died before the first efficacy assessment. Best Overall Response (BOR) is defined as the best among overall Confidential Overview 18 responses at post-baseline tumor assessments; Objective Response Rate (ORR) is defined as the proportion of patients with a complete response or partial response (CR+PR); 95%CI is calculated by Clopper-Pearson Exact Method.

IOB-022/KN-D38: Spider Plot of NSCLC Cohort 1 Data Cut: June 12, 2023; 17 efficacy evaluable patients 1. Minimum Exposure and Efficacy Evaluable population (MEEE) is defined as all patients who received at least 2 cycles of IMP and have baseline and at least one post-baseline efficacy assessment or died before the first efficacy assessment. Best Overall Response (BOR) is defined as the best among overall Confidential Overview 19 responses at post-baseline tumor assessments; Objective Response Rate (ORR) is defined as the proportion of patients with a complete response or partial response (CR+PR); 95%CI is calculated by Clopper-Pearson Exact Method.

IOB-022/KN-D38: Encouraging Data in NSCLC Cohort 1 Data Cut: June 12, 2023; 17 efficacy evaluable patients 1. Minimum Exposure and Efficacy Evaluable population (MEEE) is defined as all patients who received at least 2 cycles of IMP and have baseline and at least one post-baseline efficacy assessment or died before the first efficacy assessment. Best Overall Response (BOR) is defined as the best among overall Confidential Overview 20 responses at post-baseline tumor assessments; Objective Response Rate (ORR) is defined as the proportion of patients with a complete response or partial response (CR+PR); 95%CI is calculated by Clopper-Pearson Exact Method.

IOB-022/KN-D38: Encouraging Early Data in Head and Neck Cohort 1 Data Cut: June 12, 2023; 5 efficacy evaluable patients 1. Minimum Exposure and Efficacy Evaluable population (MEEE) is defined as all patients who received at least 2 cycles of IMP and have baseline and at least one post-baseline efficacy assessment or died before the first efficacy assessment. Best Overall Response (BOR) is defined as the best among overall Confidential Overview 21 responses at post-baseline tumor assessments; Objective Response Rate (ORR) is defined as the proportion of patients with a complete response or partial response (CR+PR); 95%CI is calculated by Clopper-Pearson Exact Method.

IO102-IO103: Totality of Clinical Data is Very Encouraging Ph1/2 in Melanoma (MM1636); NSCLC and H&N Preliminary Efficacy Phase 1/2 MM1636 Melanoma Data 80% ORR*, 50% CR, 23% PR Encouraging preliminary data from IOB-022/KN-D38; No new safety signals observed NSLCC – 17 efficacy evaluable patients H&N – 5 efficacy evaluable patients • Best Overall Response (ORR): 9 (52.9%) • Best Overall Response (ORR): 3/5 *Two of the 24 responding patients progressed before subsequent radiological confirmation (as previously Confidential Overview 22 reported in Nature Medicine RECIST1.1= 73.3% ORR)

Moving Forward Confidential Overview 23

Additional Capital Provides Runway into 4Q 2025* and Supports Multiple Significant Milestones Milestones Supported with IO102-IO103 (PD-L1, IDO) - Dual Epitope Milestones Additional Capital ü 225 patients enrolled June • Potential BLA filing based on 2023 interim analysis Phase 3 Melanoma First-line advanced • Complete enrollment by year- • Potential approval based on end 2023 interim analysis • Interim analysis: mid-2024 NSCLC First-line metastatic Additional Data Final data SCCHN, UBC Phase 2 Basket Trials Melanoma and Initiate Phase 2 in one indication Neo-adjuvant / adjuvant Initial data SCCHN in 2H2023 IO112 (Arginase) Phase 1/2 Solid tumors - IND Ready IND filing; IST study * Significant amount of expenses are budgeted assuming a positive interim analysis; if interim analysis does not support BLA filing, opportunity to extend Confidential Overview 24 cash runway well into 2026 through potential BLA submission based on PFS.

Thank you Contact: info@iobiotech.com © 2023 IO Biotech, Inc. Confidential O Co v n efr id vie en w tial Overview 25

Appendix: T-win® IO102-IO103 Immune-Modulating Cancer Vaccine Phase 1/2 Clinical Trial In collaboration with the Center for Cancer Immune Therapy 26 Confidential Overview 26

PHASE 1/2 TRIAL Phase 1/2 Trial (MM1636) Baseline Demographics Patients n = 30 Patients n = 30 Patient characteristics th Stage (8 edition JACC) (%) Age (years) Majority of patients had one or more poor prognostic factors: M1a 6 (20%) Mean (range) 70 (46-85) 43% PD-L1 negative M1b 6 (20%) Sex 60% M1c M1c 18 (60%) Female 14 (47%) 37% high LDH Male 16 (53%) LDH (%) Baseline characteristics are largely Normal 19 (63%) similar to those in other trials ECOG Performance status Elevated > ULN 11 (37%) 0 26 (87%) 1 4 (13%) Liver metastases (%) Yes 10 (33%) PD-L1 status No 20 (67%) Positive (≥1%) 17 (57%) Negative (< 1%) 13 (43%) Number of metastatic sites 1 7 (23%) BRAF status (%) 2-3 17 (57%) Mutant (V600E, V600K) 11 (37%) > 3 6 (20%) Wild-Type or non-V600 mutation 19 (63%) Confidential Overview 27 Kjeldsen et al. Nat Med. 2021;27:2212–2223.

PHASE 1/2TRIAL Compelling ORR and CRR Data externally confirmed Nature Med 2021 JITC 2023 Best Overall Response 1 2 February 2021 Data cut January 2023 Data cut ORR and CRR externally confirmed with Responders – ORR* 24 80% 24 80% subsequent blinded review Best Overall Response Rate (RECIST 1.1**) 22 73.3% 22 73.3% Complete Response Rate 14 46.7% 15 50% Partial Response Rate 8 26.7% 7 23.3% Stable Disease 0 0% 0 0% Progressive Disease 6 20% 6 20% Total 30 100% 30 100% Best ORR (confirmed) – PD-L1 negative (n = 13) 7 54% 7 54% • Ipi / Nivo ORR: 58% and CRR: 22% (Larkin 2019) • Nivolumab or pembrolizumab ORR 45% - 46% (Larkin 2019 and Robert 2019) *Two of the 24 responding patients progressed before subsequent radiological confirmation; ** Radiologically confirmed at subsequent imaging Confidential Overview 28 1. Kjeldsen et al. Nat Med. 2021;27:2212–2223. 2. Lorentzen et al. J Immunother Cancer 2023;11(5):e006755

PHASE 1/2TRIAL Change inTarget Lesion Size by Patient Key take away 100% • Even patients with poor prognostic 80% factors show clinical benefit (e.g. M1c and elevated LDH) 60% 40% 20% CR 0% PR PD -20% Elevated LDH -40% PD-L1 negative M1c -60% BRAF mutation Lymph nodes target -80% lesions > 1.5 cm at baseline. That shrank to normal size on treatment -100% CR, complete response; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; PD, progressive disease; PD-L1, programmed death ligand 1; PR, partial response. Confidential Overview 29 Lorentzen et al. J Immunother Cancer 2023;11(5):e006755

PHASE 1/2TRIAL Rapid and Durable Responses As of January 2023, median duration of response was 27 months Key take away • Early responses (12 weeks) and deepening of responses up to 18 months after treatment initiation • Durable and deep (CR) responses in patients with poor prognostic factors Time Since First Injection (Months) CR, complete response; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; PD, progressive disease; PD-L1, programmed death ligand 1; PR, partial response. Confidential Overview 30 Lorentzen et al. J Immunother Cancer 2023;11(5):e006755 Time and Duration of Response

PHASE 1/2TRIAL Rapid, Deep and Durable Responses Complete Response (CR) Partial Response (PR) Progressive Disease (PD) 18 Confidential Overview Lorentzen et al. J Immunother Cancer 2023;11(5):e006755

PHASE 1/2 TRIAL Phase 1/2: Encouraging Long-term Follow-up 1 1 Progression Free Survival Overall survival Overall Survival • mPFS = 25.5 months • mOS: Not yet reached • Median duration of follow-up = 49.8 months 2 References: Median PFS of 25.6 months - February 2021 data cut 3 1 mOS Ipilimumab / Nivolumab of 72.1 months (95% CI, 38.2 to NR) Median PFS of 25.5 months – January 2023 data cut 3 3 mOS nivolumab = 36.9 months (95% CI, 28.2 to NR) Reference: Ipilimumab / Nivolumab mPFS 11.5 months 1. Lorentzen et al. J Immunother Cancer 2023;11(5):e006755 2. Kjeldsen et al. Nat Med. 2021;27:2212– Confidential Overview 32 2223; 3. Wolchock et al. J Clin Oncol 2022: 40(2):127-137

PHASE 1/2 TRIAL Attractive Safety Profile Potential to Become the Backbone of Combination Therapy No increase in systemic AE’s when combining IO102-IO103 with anti PD-1 High Grade (CTCAE 3-5) = 17% Comparable with CM-066 (15%) and KN-006 (17%) TRAEs Leading to Discontinuation = 17% CM-066 (9%) and KN-006 (10%) Ipi/Nivo from Registrational Phase 3 High grade AEs occurred in 59% and TRAEs led to discontinuation in 42% of patients All the AEs leading to treatment discontinuation were considered by the investigator to be related to nivolumab. The rate of treatment- related adverse events leading to discontinuation of both nivolumab and IO102-IO103 was 17%. 77% of patients experienced local injection site reactions, most likely due to the Montanide adjuvant Kjeldsen et al. Nat Med. 2021;27:2212–2223; Larkin et al. N Engl J Med. 2019; 381(16):1535-1546; Robert 2019, Confidential Overview 33 Wolchock et al. J Clin Oncol 2022: 40(2):127-137

Appendix: Lung Data Published Studies Confidential Overview 34

NSCLC Clinical Benchmarks NSCLC with PD-L1 ≥50% - First-line Setting Regimen N ORR (%) mPFS (Months) mOS (Months) Gr3/4 TRAEs (%) Pembro + Carbo + Pacli/Nab-pacli; ‡ 64% 8.0 57% 146 NR; HR: 0.68 KEYNOTE-407 Pembro + Peme + Cis/Carbo; ‡ 62% 11.1 27.7 52% 202 KEYNOTE-189 Atezo + Carbo + Nab-pacli; ‡ 62% 10.1 23.4 68% 91 IMpower131 Nivo + Ipi + Chemo; ‡ 174 50% 7.5 18.9 48% CHECKMATE-9LA Cemiplimab mono; ‡ 710 47% 8.1 26.1 18% EMPOWER-Lung 1 Pembro mono; 305 46% 7.7 26.3 31% KEYNOTE-024¶ Nivo + Ipi; ‡ 205 44% 6.7 21.2 33% CHECKMATE-227 Pembro mono; ‡ 599 39% 6.5 20.0 19% KEYNOTE-042 Atezo mono; 205 38% 8.1 20.2 13% IMpower110 Atezo + Beva + Carbo + Pacli; ‡ 350 NA 15.2 30.0 57% IMPower150 Abbreviations: ¶ represents trials that exclusively enrolled pts with PD-L1≥50%; ‡ Gr3/4 TRAEs data from all enrolled pts; * Gr≥3 AEs; AEs: Adverse events; Atezo: Atezolizumab; Beva: Bevacizumab; Carbo: Carboplatin; Cis: Cisplatin; Gr: Grade; HR: Hazard ratio; Ipi: Ipilimumab; mOS: Median overall survival; mPFS: Median progression free survival; NA: Not available; Nivo: Nivolumab; NR: Not reached; ORR: Objective response rate; OS: Overall survival; Pacli: Paclitaxel; Pembro: Pembrolizumab; Peme: Pemetrexed; PFS: Progression free survival; TRAEs: Treatment related adverse events Note: Ph3 trials that enrolled pts only in China have not been included here Confidential Overview 35 Phase 3

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