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Intangible Assets, Net
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2023
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]  
Intangible Assets, Net Intangible Assets, Net
Intangible assets, net consisted of the following (in thousands):

As of March 31, 2023
Gross Book ValueAccumulated AmortizationNet Book Value
General Motors Data Sharing Agreement$9,644 $(5,883)$3,761 
Internally developed software16,591 (13,323)3,268 
Total$26,235 $(19,206)$7,029 

As of December 31, 2022
Gross Book ValueAccumulated AmortizationNet Book Value
General Motors Data Sharing Agreement$9,376 $(5,387)$3,989 
Internally developed software15,805 (12,457)3,348 
Total$25,181 $(17,844)$7,337 

The foreign currency exchange difference related to the gross book value of the GM data sharing agreement as of March 31, 2023 compared to December 31, 2022 was $0.3 million which is recognized within Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income in the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Shareholders' (Deficit) Equity. Amortization expense was $0.3 million and $0.4 million, respectively, for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022.

Amortization for internally developed software was $0.5 million and $0.7 million, respectively, for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022. The Company did not recognize any intangible asset impairment losses for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022.

The estimated aggregate amortization expense, excluding effects of currency exchange rates, for intangible assets subject to amortization for each of the five succeeding fiscal years is as follows (in thousands):

Fiscal Year Ended December 31,
2023 (excluding the three months ended March 31, 2023)$2,422 
20242,757 
20251,840 
202610 
2027— 
Total$7,029