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Fair Value (Tables)
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2024
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]  
Schedule of Financial Assets and Liabilities Recorded at Fair Value
The following summarize the Company’s financial assets and liabilities recorded at fair value hierarchy level:

March 31, 2024
(In millions)Level 1Level 2Level 3NAVTotal
Assets
Asset Management
Cash and cash equivalents$2,473 $— $— $— $2,473 
Restricted cash and cash equivalents— — — 
Cash and cash equivalents of VIEs323 — — — 323 
Investments, at fair value199 22 1,182 
1
66 1,469 
Investments of VIEs— 27 2,110 134 2,271 
Due from related parties2
— — 33 — 33 
Derivative assets3
— — 14 
Total Assets – Asset Management
2,997 54 3,334 200 6,585 
Retirement Services
AFS Securities
U.S. government and agencies5,796 — — 5,803 
U.S. state, municipal and political subdivisions— 1,031 — — 1,031 
Foreign governments809 935 40 — 1,784 
Corporate11 80,035 3,378 — 83,424 
CLO— 22,398 — — 22,398 
ABS— 6,705 7,165 — 13,870 
CMBS— 6,915 21 — 6,936 
RMBS— 7,362 265 — 7,627 
Total AFS securities6,616 125,388 10,869 — 142,873 
Trading securities23 1,622 40 — 1,685 
Equity securities212 1,054 27 — 1,293 
Mortgage loans— — 48,207 — 48,207 
Funds withheld at interest – embedded derivative— — (3,362)— (3,362)
Derivative assets127 7,031 — 7,159 
Short-term investments70 169 101 — 340 
Other investments— 362 751 — 1,113 
Cash and cash equivalents15,250 — — — 15,250 
Restricted cash and cash equivalents1,575 — — — 1,575 
Investments in related parties
AFS securities
Corporate— 180 1,175 — 1,355 
CLO— 3,926 520 — 4,446 
ABS— 534 10,043 — 10,577 
Total AFS securities – related parties— 4,640 11,738 — 16,378 
Trading securities— — 781 — 781 
Equity securities66 — 249 — 315 
Mortgage loans— — 1,263 — 1,263 
Investment funds— — 1,067 — 1,067 
Funds withheld at interest – embedded derivative— — (723)— (723)
Other investments— — 336 — 336 
Reinsurance recoverable— — 1,468 — 1,468 
Other assets5
— — 383 — 383 
(Continued)
March 31, 2024
(In millions)Level 1Level 2Level 3NAVTotal
Assets of consolidated VIEs
Trading securities— 264 1,770 — 2,034 
Mortgage loans— — 2,147 — 2,147 
Investment funds— — 951 15,756 16,707 
Other investments115 — 121 
Cash and cash equivalents93 — — — 93 
Total Assets – Retirement Services
24,036 140,532 78,179 15,756 258,503 
Total Assets$27,033 $140,586 $81,513 $15,956 $265,088 
Liabilities
Asset Management
Other liabilities of VIEs, at fair value$— $11 $— $— $11 
Contingent consideration obligations4
— — 127 — 127 
Total Liabilities – Asset Management
— 11 127 — 138 
Retirement Services
Interest sensitive contract liabilities
Embedded derivative— — 10,908 — 10,908 
Universal life benefits— — 788 — 788 
Future policy benefits
AmerUs Closed Block— — 1,151 — 1,151 
ILICO Closed Block and life benefits— — 553 — 553 
Market risk benefits5
— — 3,723 — 3,723 
Derivative liabilities17 2,411 — 2,429 
Other liabilities— — 229 — 229 
Total Liabilities – Retirement Services
17 2,411 17,353 — 19,781 
Total Liabilities$17 $2,422 $17,480 $— $19,919 
(Concluded)
December 31, 2023
(In millions)Level 1Level 2Level 3NAVTotal
Assets
Asset Management
Cash and cash equivalents$2,748 $— $— $— $2,748 
Restricted cash and cash equivalents— — — 
Cash and cash equivalents of VIEs62 — — — 62 
Investments, at fair value202 38 1,188 
1
61 1,489 
Investments of VIEs— 16 1,492 127 1,635 
Due from related parties2
— — 37 — 37 
Derivative assets3
— — 13 — 13 
Total Assets – Asset Management
3,014 54 2,730 188 5,986 
Retirement Services
AFS Securities
U.S. government and agencies5,392 — — 5,399 
U.S. state, municipal and political subdivisions— 1,046 — — 1,046 
Foreign governments895 964 40 — 1,899 
Corporate10 75,711 2,525 — 78,246 
CLO— 20,207 — — 20,207 
ABS— 6,440 6,943 — 13,383 
CMBS— 6,570 21 — 6,591 
RMBS— 7,302 265 — 7,567 
Total AFS securities6,297 118,247 9,794 — 134,338 
Trading securities24 1,654 28 — 1,706 
Equity securities210 699 26 — 935 
Mortgage loans— — 44,115 — 44,115 
Funds withheld at interest – embedded derivative— — (3,379)— (3,379)
Derivative assets108 5,190 — — 5,298 
Short-term investments— 236 105 — 341 
Other investments— 313 630 — 943 
Cash and cash equivalents13,020 — — — 13,020 
Restricted cash and cash equivalents1,761 — — — 1,761 
Investments in related parties
AFS securities
Corporate— 181 1,171 — 1,352 
CLO— 3,762 506 — 4,268 
ABS— 563 7,826 — 8,389 
Total AFS securities – related parties— 4,506 9,503 — 14,009 
Trading securities— — 838 — 838 
Equity securities63 — 255 — 318 
Mortgage loans— — 1,281 — 1,281 
Investment funds— — 1,082 — 1,082 
Funds withheld at interest – embedded derivative— — (721)— (721)
Other investments— — 343 — 343 
Reinsurance recoverable— — 1,367 — 1,367 
Other assets5
— — 378— 378 
Assets of consolidated VIEs
Trading securities— 284 1,852 — 2,136 
Mortgage loans— — 2,173 — 2,173 
Investment funds— — 977 14,843 15,820 
(Continued)
December 31, 2023
(In millions)Level 1Level 2Level 3NAVTotal
Other investments— 101 — 103 
Cash and cash equivalents98 — — — 98 
Total Assets – Retirement Services
21,581 131,131 70,748 14,843 238,303 
Total Assets$24,595 $131,185 $73,478 $15,031 $244,289 
Liabilities
Asset Management
Other liabilities of VIEs, at fair value$— $$— $— $
Contingent consideration obligations4
— — 93 — 93 
Derivative liabilities3
— 42 — — 42 
Total Liabilities – Asset Management
— 45 93 — 138 
Retirement Services
Interest sensitive contract liabilities
Embedded derivative— — 9,059 — 9,059 
Universal life benefits— — 834 — 834 
Future policy benefits
AmerUs Closed Block— — 1,178 — 1,178 
ILICO Closed Block and life benefits— — 522 — 522 
Market risk benefits5
— — 3,751 — 3,751 
Derivative liabilities17 1,977 — 1,995 
Other liabilities— (64)330 — 266 
Total Liabilities – Retirement Services
17 1,913 15,675 — 17,605 
Total Liabilities$17 $1,958 $15,768 $— $17,743 
(Concluded)
1 Investments as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 excludes $207 million and $218 million, respectively, of performance allocations classified as Level 3 related to certain investments for which the Company elected the fair value option. The Company’s policy is to account for performance allocations as investments.
2 Due from related parties represents a receivable from a fund.
3 Derivative assets and derivative liabilities are presented as a component of Other assets and Other liabilities, respectively, in the condensed consolidated statements of financial condition.
4 As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, Other liabilities includes $74 million and $26 million, respectively, of contingent obligations related to the Griffin Capital acquisition, classified as Level 3 and also includes profit sharing payable of $53 million and $67 million, respectively, related to other contingent obligations classified as Level 3.
5 Other assets consist of market risk benefits assets. See note 8 for additional information on market risk benefits assets and liabilities valuation methodology and additional fair value disclosures.
Schedule of Valuation Techniques and Quantitative Inputs and Assumptions used for Financial Assets and Liabilities
The following tables summarize the valuation techniques and quantitative inputs and assumptions used for financial assets and liabilities categorized as Level 3:

March 31, 2024
Fair Value
(In millions)
Valuation TechniqueUnobservable InputsRangesWeighted Average
Financial Assets
Asset Management
Investments$855 Discounted cash flowDiscount rate
10.3% – 52.8%
17.3%
1
120Direct capitalizationCapitalization rate6.9%6.9%
207Adjusted transaction valueN/AN/AN/A
Due from related parties33Discounted cash flowDiscount rate14.0%14.0%
Derivative assets9Option modelVolatility rate55.0%55.0%
Investments of consolidated VIEs
Bank loans272 Discounted cash flowDiscount rate
7.9% – 15.2%
8.4%
1
1,137 Adjusted transaction valueN/AN/AN/A
Equity securities492Dividend discount modelDiscount rate13.5%13.5%
166Adjusted transaction valueN/AN/AN/A
Bonds43Discounted cash flowDiscount rate
5.7% – 12.3%
9.0%
1
Retirement Services
AFS, trading and equity securities16,547 Discounted cash flowDiscount rate
1.7% – 18.2%
7.0%
1
Mortgage loans2
51,617 Discounted cash flowDiscount rate
1.8% – 26.0%
7.0%
1
Investment funds2
1,545 Discounted cash flowDiscount rate
6.3% – 13.5%
11.3%
1
471 Net tangible asset valuesImplied multiple
1.24x
1.24x
Financial Liabilities
Asset Management
Contingent consideration obligations127 Discounted cash flowDiscount rate
20.0% – 25.0%
22.5%
1
Option modelVolatility rate
29.2% – 30.1%
29.7%
1
Retirement Services
Interest sensitive contract liabilities – fixed indexed annuities embedded derivatives10,908 Discounted cash flowNonperformance risk
0.4% – 1.2%
0.8%
3
Option budget
0.5% – 6.0%
2.5%
4
Surrender rate
5.9% – 14.0%
8.7%
4
1 Unobservable inputs were weighted based on the fair value of the investments included in the range.
2 Includes those of consolidated VIEs.
3 The nonperformance risk weighted average is based on the projected cash flows attributable to the embedded derivative.
4 The option budget and surrender rate weighted averages are calculated based on projected account values.
 December 31, 2023
Fair Value
(In millions)
Valuation TechniquesUnobservable InputsRangesWeighted Average
Financial Assets
Asset Management
Investments$857 Discounted cash flowDiscount rate
10.5% – 52.8%
17.2%
1
112 Direct capitalizationCapitalization rate6.9%6.9%

219 Adjusted transaction valueN/AN/AN/A
Due from related parties37 Discounted cash flowDiscount rate14.0%14.0%
Derivative assets13 Option modelVolatility rate62.5%62.5%
Investments of consolidated VIEs
Bank loans605 Discounted cash flowDiscount rate
7.7% – 11.0%
9.4%
1
64 Adjusted transaction valueN/AN/AN/A
Equity securities494 Dividend discount modelDiscount rate13.5%13.5%
131 Adjusted transaction valueN/AN/AN/A
Bonds35 Discounted cash flowDiscount rate
6.1% – 13.0%
10.7%
1
163 Adjusted transaction valueN/AN/AN/A
Retirement Services
AFS, trading and equity securities14,247 Discounted cash flowDiscount rate
2.3% – 18.1%
7.0%
1
Mortgage loans2
47,569 Discounted cash flowDiscount rate
2.5% – 20.6%
6.8%
1
Investment funds2
1,574 Discounted cash flowDiscount rate
6.3% – 13.5%
11.2%
1
483 Net tangible asset valuesImplied multiple
1.14x
1.14x
Financial Liabilities
Contingent consideration obligations93 Discounted cash flowDiscount rate
20.0% – 25.0%
23.3%
1
Option modelVolatility rate
31.4% – 33.4%
32.4%
1
Retirement Services
Interest sensitive contract liabilities – fixed indexed annuities embedded derivatives9,059 Discounted cash flowNonperformance risk
0.4% – 1.4%
0.9%
3
Option budget
0.5% – 6.0%
2.3%
4
Surrender rate
6.0% – 13.4%
8.7%
4
1 Unobservable inputs were weighted based on the fair value of the investments included in the range.
2 Includes those of consolidated VIEs.
3 The nonperformance risk weighted average is based on the projected cash flows attributable to the embedded derivative.
4 The option budget and surrender rate weighted averages are calculated based on projected account values.
The following summarizes the unobservable inputs for market risk benefits:

March 31, 2024
(In millions, except percentages)Fair ValueValuation TechniqueUnobservable InputsMinimumMaximumWeighted AverageImpact of an Increase in the Input on Fair Value
Market risk benefits, net
$3,340 Discounted cash flowNonperformance risk0.4 %1.2 %1.1 %
1
Decrease
Option budget0.5 %6.0 %2.0 %
2
Decrease
Surrender rate3.1 %6.6 %4.4 %
2
Decrease
Utilization rate28.6 %95.0 %84.1 %
3
Increase
March 31, 2023
(In millions, except percentages)Fair ValueValuation TechniqueUnobservable InputsMinimumMaximumWeighted AverageImpact of an Increase in the Input on Fair Value
Market risk benefits, net
$2,763 Discounted cash flowNonperformance risk0.3 %1.7 %1.6 %
1
Decrease
Option budget0.5 %5.6 %1.7 %
2
Decrease
Surrender rate3.3 %6.9 %4.5 %
2
Decrease
Utilization rate28.6 %95.0 %82.7 %
3
Increase
1 The nonperformance risk weighted average is based on the cash flows underlying the market risk benefit reserve.
2 The option budget and surrender rate weighted averages are calculated based on projected account values.
3 The utilization of GLWB withdrawals represents the estimated percentage of policyholders that are expected to use their income rider over the duration of the contract, with the weighted average based on current account values.
Schedule of Level 3 Assets Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis
The following are reconciliations for Level 3 assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis:
Three months ended March 31, 2024
Total realized and unrealized gains (losses)
(In millions)Beginning BalanceIncluded in IncomeIncluded in OCINet Purchases, Issuances, Sales and SettlementsNet Transfers In (Out)Ending Balance
Total Gains (Losses) Included in Earnings1
Total Gains (Losses) Included in OCI1
Assets – Asset Management
Investments and derivative assets$1,201 $(7)$— $(3)$— $1,191 $18 $— 
Investments of Consolidated VIEs1,492 — — 618 — 2,110 (1)— 
Total Level 3 assets – Asset Management
$2,693 $(7)$— $615 $— $3,301 $17 $— 
Assets – Retirement Services
AFS securities
Foreign governments$40 $— $— $— $— $40 $— $— 
Corporate2,525 (2)844 3,378 (1)
ABS6,943 13 125 82 7,165 (2)11 
CMBS21 — — — — 21 — 
RMBS265 — (1)— 265 — — 
Trading securities28 — — (2)14 40 — — 
Equity securities26 — — — 27 — 
Mortgage loans44,115 (341)— 4,433 — 48,207 (341)— 
Funds withheld at interest – embedded derivative(3,379)17 — — — (3,362)— — 
Derivative assets— — — — — — 
Short-term investments105 — — (4)— 101 — — 
Other investments630 (3)— 124 — 751 (3)— 
Investments in related parties
AFS securities
Corporate1,171 (1)— 1,175 — (1)
CLO506 — 14 — — 520 — 14 
ABS7,826 (14)2,230 — 10,043 (4)(17)
Trading securities838 — — (57)— 781 — — 
Equity securities255 (6)— — — 249 (6)— 
Mortgage loans1,281 (17)— (1)— 1,263 (17)— 
Investment funds1,082 (15)— — — 1,067 (15)— 
Funds withheld at interest – embedded derivative(721)(2)— — — (723)— — 
Other investments343 (7)— — — 336 (7)— 
Reinsurance recoverable1,367 (8)— 109 — 1,468 — — 
Assets of consolidated VIEs
Trading securities1,852 (33)— (55)1,770 (33)— 
Mortgage loans2,173 (42)— 16 — 2,147 (42)— 
Investment funds977 (27)— — 951 (27)— 
Other investments101 (2)— 16 — 115 (2)— 
Total Level 3 assets – Retirement Services
$70,370 $(483)$14 $7,783 $112 $77,796 $(499)$
Liabilities – Asset Management
Contingent consideration obligations$93 $48 $— $(14)$— $127 $— $— 
Total Level 3 liabilities – Asset Management
$93 $48 $— $(14)$— $127 $— $— 
(Continued)
Three months ended March 31, 2024
Total realized and unrealized gains (losses)
(In millions)Beginning BalanceIncluded in IncomeIncluded in OCINet Purchases, Issuances, Sales and SettlementsNet Transfers In (Out)Ending Balance
Total Gains (Losses) Included in Earnings1
Total Gains (Losses) Included in OCI1
Liabilities – Retirement Services
Interest sensitive contract liabilities
Embedded derivative$(9,059)$(1,177)$— $(672)$— $(10,908)$— $— 
Universal life benefits(834)46 — — — (788)— — 
Future policy benefits
AmerUs Closed Block(1,178)27 — — — (1,151)— — 
ILICO Closed Block and life benefits(522)(31)— — — (553)— — 
Derivative liabilities(1)— — — — (1)— — 
Other liabilities(330)(10)— 47 64 (229)— — 
Total Level 3 liabilities – Retirement Services
$(11,924)$(1,145)$— $(625)$64 $(13,630)$— $— 
(Concluded)
1 Related to instruments held at end of period.

Three months ended March 31, 2023
Total realized and unrealized gains (losses)
(In millions)Beginning BalanceIncluded in IncomeIncluded in OCINet Purchases, Issuances, Sales and SettlementsNet Transfers In (Out)Ending Balance
Total Gains (Losses) Included in Earnings1
Total Gains (Losses) Included in OCI1
Assets – Asset Management
Investments and derivative assets$1,098 $26 $— $$— $1,131 $26 $— 
Investments of Consolidated VIEs727 34 — 523 (2)1,282 — 
Total Level 3 assets – Asset Management
$1,825 $60 $— $530 $(2)$2,413 $35 $— 
Assets – Retirement Services
AFS securities
Foreign governments$$— $— $— $— $$— $— 
Corporate1,665 (1)12 126 (180)1,622 — 
ABS4,867 — (19)155 (61)4,942 — (16)
RMBS232 — — 238 — 
Trading securities53 — (4)(9)42 — 
Equity securities92 (8)— — (13)71 (8)— 
Mortgage loans27,454 251 — 2,244 — 29,949 252 — 
Funds withheld at interest – embedded derivative(4,847)556 — — — (4,291)— — 
Short-term investments36 — (2)(30)26 30 — — 
Other investments441 — (156)— 286 — 
Investments in related parties
AFS securities
Corporate812 (7)153 — 959 — (7)
CLO303 — 10 185 — 498 — 10 
ABS5,542 44 1,415 — 7,005 42 
Trading securities878 — — 885 — 
Equity securities279 — (32)— 251 — 
Mortgage loans1,302 26 — (4)— 1,324 26 — 
Investment funds959 43 — 32 — 1,034 43 — 
(Continued)
Three months ended March 31, 2023
Total realized and unrealized gains (losses)
(In millions)Beginning BalanceIncluded in IncomeIncluded in OCINet Purchases, Issuances, Sales and SettlementsNet Transfers In (Out)Ending Balance
Total Gains (Losses) Included in Earnings1
Total Gains (Losses) Included in OCI1
Funds withheld at interest – embedded derivative(1,425)159 — — — (1,266)— — 
Other investments303 (7)— 42 — 338 (7)— 
Reinsurance recoverable1,388 82 — — — 1,470 — — 
Assets of consolidated VIEs
Trading securities622 12 — (2)16 648 12 — 
Mortgage loans2,055 19 — 45 — 2,119 19 — 
Investment funds2,471 18 — (8)100 2,581 18 — 
Other investments 99 — — (2)— 97 — — 
Total Level 3 assets – Retirement Services
$45,582 $1,171 $41 $4,160 $(121)$50,833 $369 $38 
Liabilities – Asset Management
Contingent consideration obligations$86 $(8)$— $— $— $78 $— $— 
Total Level 3 liabilities – Asset Management
$86 $(8)$— $— $— $78 $— $— 
Liabilities – Retirement Services
Interest sensitive contract liabilities
Embedded derivative$(5,841)$(473)$— $(433)$— $(6,747)$— $— 
Universal life benefits(829)(50)— — — (879)— — 
Future policy benefits
AmerUs Closed Block(1,164)(26)— — — (1,190)— — 
ILICO Closed Block and life benefits(548)(31)— — — (579)— — 
Derivative liabilities(1)— — — — (1)— — 
Other liabilities(142)(47)— — — (189)— — 
Total Level 3 liabilities – Retirement Services
$(8,525)$(627)$— $(433)$— $(9,585)$— $— 
(Concluded)
1 Related to instruments held at end of period.
The following represents the gross components of purchases, issuances, sales and settlements, net, and net transfers in (out) shown above:

Three months ended March 31, 2024
(In millions)PurchasesIssuancesSalesSettlementsNet Purchases, Issuances, Sales and SettlementsTransfers InTransfers OutNet Transfers In (Out)
Assets – Asset Management
Investments and derivative assets$12 $— $(15)$— $(3)$— $— $— 
Investments of consolidated VIEs1,301 — (683)— 618 — — — 
Total Level 3 assets – Asset Management
$1,313 $— $(698)$— $615 $— $— $— 
Assets – Retirement Services
AFS securities
Corporate$922 $— $(2)$(76)$844 $$— $
ABS313 — — (188)125 341 (259)82 
RMBS— — — (1)(1)— — — 
Trading securities— — — (2)(2)14 — 14 
Equity securities— (1)— — — — 
Mortgage loans5,686 — (26)(1,227)4,433 — — — 
Derivative assets— — — — — — 
Short-term investments— (6)— (4)— — — 
Other investments124 — — — 124 — — — 
Investments in related parties
AFS securities
Corporate— — (2)— — — 
ABS2,693 — (200)(263)2,230 — — — 
Trading securities— — (59)(57)— — — 
Mortgage loans— — — (1)(1)— — — 
Reinsurance recoverable— 109 — — 109 — — — 
Assets of consolidated VIEs
Trading securities— — (55)— (55)— 
Mortgage loans32 — — (16)16 — — — 
Investment funds— — — — — — 
Other investments19 — (3)— 16 — — — 
Total Level 3 assets – Retirement Services
$9,802 $109 $(293)$(1,835)$7,783 $371 $(259)$112 
Liabilities - Asset Management
Contingent consideration obligations$— $— $— $(14)$(14)$— $— $— 
Total Level 3 liabilities – Asset Management
$— $— $— $(14)$(14)$— $— $— 
Liabilities – Retirement Services
Interest sensitive contract liabilities - Embedded derivative$— $(898)$— $226 $(672)$— $— $— 
Other liabilities— — — 47 47 64 — 64 
Total Level 3 liabilities – Retirement Services
$— $(898)$— $273 $(625)$64 $— $64 
Three months ended March 31, 2023
(In millions)PurchasesIssuancesSalesSettlementsNet Purchases, Issuances, Sales and SettlementsTransfers InTransfers OutNet Transfers In (Out)
Assets – Asset Management
Investments and derivative assets$$— $(1)$— $$— $— $— 
Investments of consolidated VIEs871 — (348)— 523 — (2)(2)
Total Level 3 assets – Asset Management
$879 $— $(349)$— $530 $— $(2)$(2)
Assets – Retirement Services
AFS securities
Corporate$208 $— $— $(82)$126 $29 $(209)$(180)
ABS298 — — (143)155 215 (276)(61)
RMBS— — (1)— — — — 
Trading securities— — — (4)(4)(14)(9)
Equity securities— — — — — — (13)(13)
Mortgage loans2,882 — (32)(606)2,244 — — — 
Short-term investments— — — (30)(30)26 — 26 
Other investments— — (158)(156)— — — 
Investments in related parties
AFS securities
Corporate156 — — (3)153 — — — 
CLO185 — — — 185 — — — 
ABS1,634 — — (219)1,415 — — — 
Trading securities— — (1)— — — 
Equity securities— — — (32)(32)— — — 
Mortgage loans— — — (4)(4)— — — 
Investment funds32 — — — 32 — — — 
Other investments42 — — — 42 — — — 
Assets of consolidated VIEs
Trading securities10 — (12)— (2)19 (3)16 
Mortgage loans46 — — (1)45 — — — 
Investment funds— — (8)— (8)148 (48)100 
Other investments— (7)— (2)— — — 
Total Level 3 assets – Retirement Services
$5,503 $— $(59)$(1,284)$4,160 $442 $(563)$(121)
Liabilities – Retirement Services
Interest sensitive contract liabilities - Embedded derivative$— $(577)$— $144 $(433)$— $— $— 
Total Level 3 liabilities – Retirement Services
$— $(577)$— $144 $(433)$— $— $— 
Schedule of Level 3 Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis
Three months ended March 31, 2024
Total realized and unrealized gains (losses)
(In millions)Beginning BalanceIncluded in IncomeIncluded in OCINet Purchases, Issuances, Sales and SettlementsNet Transfers In (Out)Ending Balance
Total Gains (Losses) Included in Earnings1
Total Gains (Losses) Included in OCI1
Assets – Asset Management
Investments and derivative assets$1,201 $(7)$— $(3)$— $1,191 $18 $— 
Investments of Consolidated VIEs1,492 — — 618 — 2,110 (1)— 
Total Level 3 assets – Asset Management
$2,693 $(7)$— $615 $— $3,301 $17 $— 
Assets – Retirement Services
AFS securities
Foreign governments$40 $— $— $— $— $40 $— $— 
Corporate2,525 (2)844 3,378 (1)
ABS6,943 13 125 82 7,165 (2)11 
CMBS21 — — — — 21 — 
RMBS265 — (1)— 265 — — 
Trading securities28 — — (2)14 40 — — 
Equity securities26 — — — 27 — 
Mortgage loans44,115 (341)— 4,433 — 48,207 (341)— 
Funds withheld at interest – embedded derivative(3,379)17 — — — (3,362)— — 
Derivative assets— — — — — — 
Short-term investments105 — — (4)— 101 — — 
Other investments630 (3)— 124 — 751 (3)— 
Investments in related parties
AFS securities
Corporate1,171 (1)— 1,175 — (1)
CLO506 — 14 — — 520 — 14 
ABS7,826 (14)2,230 — 10,043 (4)(17)
Trading securities838 — — (57)— 781 — — 
Equity securities255 (6)— — — 249 (6)— 
Mortgage loans1,281 (17)— (1)— 1,263 (17)— 
Investment funds1,082 (15)— — — 1,067 (15)— 
Funds withheld at interest – embedded derivative(721)(2)— — — (723)— — 
Other investments343 (7)— — — 336 (7)— 
Reinsurance recoverable1,367 (8)— 109 — 1,468 — — 
Assets of consolidated VIEs
Trading securities1,852 (33)— (55)1,770 (33)— 
Mortgage loans2,173 (42)— 16 — 2,147 (42)— 
Investment funds977 (27)— — 951 (27)— 
Other investments101 (2)— 16 — 115 (2)— 
Total Level 3 assets – Retirement Services
$70,370 $(483)$14 $7,783 $112 $77,796 $(499)$
Liabilities – Asset Management
Contingent consideration obligations$93 $48 $— $(14)$— $127 $— $— 
Total Level 3 liabilities – Asset Management
$93 $48 $— $(14)$— $127 $— $— 
(Continued)
Three months ended March 31, 2024
Total realized and unrealized gains (losses)
(In millions)Beginning BalanceIncluded in IncomeIncluded in OCINet Purchases, Issuances, Sales and SettlementsNet Transfers In (Out)Ending Balance
Total Gains (Losses) Included in Earnings1
Total Gains (Losses) Included in OCI1
Liabilities – Retirement Services
Interest sensitive contract liabilities
Embedded derivative$(9,059)$(1,177)$— $(672)$— $(10,908)$— $— 
Universal life benefits(834)46 — — — (788)— — 
Future policy benefits
AmerUs Closed Block(1,178)27 — — — (1,151)— — 
ILICO Closed Block and life benefits(522)(31)— — — (553)— — 
Derivative liabilities(1)— — — — (1)— — 
Other liabilities(330)(10)— 47 64 (229)— — 
Total Level 3 liabilities – Retirement Services
$(11,924)$(1,145)$— $(625)$64 $(13,630)$— $— 
(Concluded)
1 Related to instruments held at end of period.

Three months ended March 31, 2023
Total realized and unrealized gains (losses)
(In millions)Beginning BalanceIncluded in IncomeIncluded in OCINet Purchases, Issuances, Sales and SettlementsNet Transfers In (Out)Ending Balance
Total Gains (Losses) Included in Earnings1
Total Gains (Losses) Included in OCI1
Assets – Asset Management
Investments and derivative assets$1,098 $26 $— $$— $1,131 $26 $— 
Investments of Consolidated VIEs727 34 — 523 (2)1,282 — 
Total Level 3 assets – Asset Management
$1,825 $60 $— $530 $(2)$2,413 $35 $— 
Assets – Retirement Services
AFS securities
Foreign governments$$— $— $— $— $$— $— 
Corporate1,665 (1)12 126 (180)1,622 — 
ABS4,867 — (19)155 (61)4,942 — (16)
RMBS232 — — 238 — 
Trading securities53 — (4)(9)42 — 
Equity securities92 (8)— — (13)71 (8)— 
Mortgage loans27,454 251 — 2,244 — 29,949 252 — 
Funds withheld at interest – embedded derivative(4,847)556 — — — (4,291)— — 
Short-term investments36 — (2)(30)26 30 — — 
Other investments441 — (156)— 286 — 
Investments in related parties
AFS securities
Corporate812 (7)153 — 959 — (7)
CLO303 — 10 185 — 498 — 10 
ABS5,542 44 1,415 — 7,005 42 
Trading securities878 — — 885 — 
Equity securities279 — (32)— 251 — 
Mortgage loans1,302 26 — (4)— 1,324 26 — 
Investment funds959 43 — 32 — 1,034 43 — 
(Continued)
Three months ended March 31, 2023
Total realized and unrealized gains (losses)
(In millions)Beginning BalanceIncluded in IncomeIncluded in OCINet Purchases, Issuances, Sales and SettlementsNet Transfers In (Out)Ending Balance
Total Gains (Losses) Included in Earnings1
Total Gains (Losses) Included in OCI1
Funds withheld at interest – embedded derivative(1,425)159 — — — (1,266)— — 
Other investments303 (7)— 42 — 338 (7)— 
Reinsurance recoverable1,388 82 — — — 1,470 — — 
Assets of consolidated VIEs
Trading securities622 12 — (2)16 648 12 — 
Mortgage loans2,055 19 — 45 — 2,119 19 — 
Investment funds2,471 18 — (8)100 2,581 18 — 
Other investments 99 — — (2)— 97 — — 
Total Level 3 assets – Retirement Services
$45,582 $1,171 $41 $4,160 $(121)$50,833 $369 $38 
Liabilities – Asset Management
Contingent consideration obligations$86 $(8)$— $— $— $78 $— $— 
Total Level 3 liabilities – Asset Management
$86 $(8)$— $— $— $78 $— $— 
Liabilities – Retirement Services
Interest sensitive contract liabilities
Embedded derivative$(5,841)$(473)$— $(433)$— $(6,747)$— $— 
Universal life benefits(829)(50)— — — (879)— — 
Future policy benefits
AmerUs Closed Block(1,164)(26)— — — (1,190)— — 
ILICO Closed Block and life benefits(548)(31)— — — (579)— — 
Derivative liabilities(1)— — — — (1)— — 
Other liabilities(142)(47)— — — (189)— — 
Total Level 3 liabilities – Retirement Services
$(8,525)$(627)$— $(433)$— $(9,585)$— $— 
(Concluded)
1 Related to instruments held at end of period.
The following represents the gross components of purchases, issuances, sales and settlements, net, and net transfers in (out) shown above:

Three months ended March 31, 2024
(In millions)PurchasesIssuancesSalesSettlementsNet Purchases, Issuances, Sales and SettlementsTransfers InTransfers OutNet Transfers In (Out)
Assets – Asset Management
Investments and derivative assets$12 $— $(15)$— $(3)$— $— $— 
Investments of consolidated VIEs1,301 — (683)— 618 — — — 
Total Level 3 assets – Asset Management
$1,313 $— $(698)$— $615 $— $— $— 
Assets – Retirement Services
AFS securities
Corporate$922 $— $(2)$(76)$844 $$— $
ABS313 — — (188)125 341 (259)82 
RMBS— — — (1)(1)— — — 
Trading securities— — — (2)(2)14 — 14 
Equity securities— (1)— — — — 
Mortgage loans5,686 — (26)(1,227)4,433 — — — 
Derivative assets— — — — — — 
Short-term investments— (6)— (4)— — — 
Other investments124 — — — 124 — — — 
Investments in related parties
AFS securities
Corporate— — (2)— — — 
ABS2,693 — (200)(263)2,230 — — — 
Trading securities— — (59)(57)— — — 
Mortgage loans— — — (1)(1)— — — 
Reinsurance recoverable— 109 — — 109 — — — 
Assets of consolidated VIEs
Trading securities— — (55)— (55)— 
Mortgage loans32 — — (16)16 — — — 
Investment funds— — — — — — 
Other investments19 — (3)— 16 — — — 
Total Level 3 assets – Retirement Services
$9,802 $109 $(293)$(1,835)$7,783 $371 $(259)$112 
Liabilities - Asset Management
Contingent consideration obligations$— $— $— $(14)$(14)$— $— $— 
Total Level 3 liabilities – Asset Management
$— $— $— $(14)$(14)$— $— $— 
Liabilities – Retirement Services
Interest sensitive contract liabilities - Embedded derivative$— $(898)$— $226 $(672)$— $— $— 
Other liabilities— — — 47 47 64 — 64 
Total Level 3 liabilities – Retirement Services
$— $(898)$— $273 $(625)$64 $— $64 
Three months ended March 31, 2023
(In millions)PurchasesIssuancesSalesSettlementsNet Purchases, Issuances, Sales and SettlementsTransfers InTransfers OutNet Transfers In (Out)
Assets – Asset Management
Investments and derivative assets$$— $(1)$— $$— $— $— 
Investments of consolidated VIEs871 — (348)— 523 — (2)(2)
Total Level 3 assets – Asset Management
$879 $— $(349)$— $530 $— $(2)$(2)
Assets – Retirement Services
AFS securities
Corporate$208 $— $— $(82)$126 $29 $(209)$(180)
ABS298 — — (143)155 215 (276)(61)
RMBS— — (1)— — — — 
Trading securities— — — (4)(4)(14)(9)
Equity securities— — — — — — (13)(13)
Mortgage loans2,882 — (32)(606)2,244 — — — 
Short-term investments— — — (30)(30)26 — 26 
Other investments— — (158)(156)— — — 
Investments in related parties
AFS securities
Corporate156 — — (3)153 — — — 
CLO185 — — — 185 — — — 
ABS1,634 — — (219)1,415 — — — 
Trading securities— — (1)— — — 
Equity securities— — — (32)(32)— — — 
Mortgage loans— — — (4)(4)— — — 
Investment funds32 — — — 32 — — — 
Other investments42 — — — 42 — — — 
Assets of consolidated VIEs
Trading securities10 — (12)— (2)19 (3)16 
Mortgage loans46 — — (1)45 — — — 
Investment funds— — (8)— (8)148 (48)100 
Other investments— (7)— (2)— — — 
Total Level 3 assets – Retirement Services
$5,503 $— $(59)$(1,284)$4,160 $442 $(563)$(121)
Liabilities – Retirement Services
Interest sensitive contract liabilities - Embedded derivative$— $(577)$— $144 $(433)$— $— $— 
Total Level 3 liabilities – Retirement Services
$— $(577)$— $144 $(433)$— $— $— 
Schedule of Gain (Losses) Recorded for Financial Instruments Elected the Fair Value Option The following represents the mortgage loan portfolio, with fair value option loans presented at unpaid principal balance:
(In millions)March 31, 2024December 31, 2023
Commercial mortgage loans$30,512 $27,630 
Commercial mortgage loans under development1,187 1,228 
Total commercial mortgage loans31,699 28,858 
Mark to fair value(3,165)(2,246)
Commercial mortgage loans28,534 26,612 
Residential mortgage loans24,058 21,894 
Mark to fair value(975)(937)
Residential mortgage loans23,083 20,957 
Mortgage loans$51,617 $47,569 
The following represents the gains (losses) recorded for instruments for which Athene has elected the fair value option, including related parties and VIEs:
Three months ended March 31,
(In millions)20242023
Trading securities$(60)$64 
Mortgage loans(400)296 
Investment funds(28)62 
Future policy benefits27 (26)
Other15 (47)
Total gains (losses)$(446)$349 
The following summarizes information for fair value option mortgage loans, including related parties and VIEs:

(In millions)March 31, 2024December 31, 2023
Unpaid principal balance$55,757 $50,752 
Mark to fair value(4,140)(3,183)
Fair value$51,617 $47,569 

The following represents the commercial mortgage loan portfolio 90 days or more past due and/or in non-accrual status:

(In millions)March 31, 2024December 31, 2023
Unpaid principal balance of commercial mortgage loans 90 days or more past due and/or in non-accrual status$571 $221 
Mark to fair value of commercial mortgage loans 90 days or more past due and/or in non-accrual status(211)(74)
Fair value of commercial mortgage loans 90 days or more past due and/or in non-accrual status$360 $147 
Fair value of commercial mortgage loans 90 days or more past due$183 $64 
Fair value of commercial mortgage loans in non-accrual status360 147 

The following represents the residential loan portfolio 90 days or more past due and/or in non-accrual status:

(In millions)March 31, 2024December 31, 2023
Unpaid principal balance of residential mortgage loans 90 days or more past due and/or in non-accrual status$606 $528 
Mark to fair value of residential mortgage loans 90 days or more past due and/or in non-accrual status(39)(49)
Fair value of residential mortgage loans 90 days or more past due and/or in non-accrual status$567 $479 
Fair value of residential mortgage loans 90 days or more past due1
$567 $479 
Fair value of residential mortgage loans in non-accrual status460 355 
1 As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, includes $107 million and $124 million, respectively, of residential mortgage loans that are guaranteed by U.S. government-sponsored agencies.

The following is the estimated amount of gains (losses) included in earnings during the period attributable to changes in instrument-specific credit risk on our mortgage loan portfolio:

Three months ended March 31,
(In millions)20242023
Mortgage loans$(33)$(3)
Schedule of Financial Instruments not Measured at Fair Value
The following represents Athene’s financial instruments not carried at fair value on the condensed consolidated statements of financial condition:

March 31, 2024
(In millions)Carrying ValueFair ValueNAVLevel 1Level 2Level 3
Financial assets
Investment funds$110 $110 $110 $— $— $— 
Policy loans330 330 — — 330 — 
Funds withheld at interest26,592 26,592 — — — 26,592 
Other investments35 42 — — — 42 
Investments in related parties
Investment funds559 559 559 — — — 
Funds withheld at interest6,751 6,751 — — — 6,751 
Short-term investments556 556 — — 556 — 
Total financial assets not carried at fair value$34,933 $34,940 $669 $— $886 $33,385 
Financial liabilities
Interest sensitive contract liabilities$167,360 $158,042 $— $— $— $158,042 
Debt5,740 5,249 — 587 4,662 — 
Securities to repurchase2,666 2,666 — — 2,666 — 
Funds withheld liability1,365 1,365 — — — 1,365 
Total financial liabilities not carried at fair value$177,131 $167,322 $— $587 $7,328 $159,407 

December 31, 2023
(In millions)Carrying ValueFair ValueNAVLevel 1Level 2Level 3
Financial assets
Investment funds$109 $109 $109 $— $— $— 
Policy loans334 334 — — 334 — 
Funds withheld at interest27,738 27,738 — — — 27,738 
Other investments46 52 — — — 52 
Investments in related parties
Investment funds550 550 550 — — — 
Funds withheld at interest7,195 7,195 — — — 7,195 
Short-term investments947 947 — — 947 — 
Total financial assets not carried at fair value$36,919 $36,925 $659 $— $1,281 $34,985 
Financial liabilities
Interest sensitive contract liabilities$154,095 $146,038 $— $— $— $146,038 
Debt4,209 3,660 — — 3,660 — 
Securities to repurchase3,853 3,853 — — 3,853 — 
Funds withheld liability350 350 — — 350 — 
Total financial liabilities not carried at fair value$162,507 $153,901 $— $— $7,863 $146,038