Income Taxes

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Income Taxes

10. Income Taxes

The Company’s income tax provision totaled $422 million and $253 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The Company’s effective income tax rate was approximately 19.3% and 14.1% for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

AHL changed its domicile from Bermuda to the United States, causing AHL to become a U.S.-domiciled corporation and a U.S. taxpayer effective December 31, 2023 (the “Redomicile”) and will be subject to U.S. corporate income tax for 2024 and future years. AHL’s Bermuda subsidiaries (and AHL for pre-Redomicile periods) file protective U.S. income tax returns.

AHL’s U.S. subsidiaries file, and AHL for post-Redomicile periods will file, income tax returns with the U.S. federal government and various state governments.

On December 27, 2023, the Government of Bermuda enacted the Corporate Income Tax Act of 2023 (“Bermuda CIT”). Commencing on January 1, 2025, the Bermuda CIT generally will impose a 15% corporate income tax on in-scope entities that are resident in Bermuda or have a Bermuda permanent establishment, without regard to any assurances that have been given pursuant to the Exempted Undertakings Tax Protection Act 1966. The Company recorded material deferred tax assets at December 31, 2023 as a result of the passage of the Bermuda CIT, primarily related to an estimated opening tax loss carryforward under the Bermuda CIT. Throughout 2024, the Company will evaluate and record applicable adjustments to these deferred tax assets. The Company evaluated the existing deferred tax assets and determined that no adjustments were necessary at March 31, 2024.

The U.K. enacted legislation in July 2023 implementing certain provisions of the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development’s “Pillar Two” global minimum tax initiative (“Pillar Two”) that will apply to multinational enterprises for accounting periods beginning on or after December 31, 2023. On February 22, 2024, the U.K. enacted certain amendments to its Pillar Two legislation which similarly take effect for accounting periods beginning on or after December 31, 2023. The Company continues to evaluate the potential impact on future periods of Pillar Two, pending legislative adoption by individual countries, as such legislative changes could result in changes to our effective tax rate. The Company evaluated the enacted legislation and concluded there was no material impact to our effective tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2024.

Under U.S. GAAP, a tax benefit from an uncertain tax position may be recognized when it is more likely than not that the position will be sustained upon examination, including resolution of any related appeals or litigation, based on the technical merits of the position. As of March 31, 2024, the Company recorded $23 million of unrecognized tax benefits for uncertain tax positions. Approximately all of the unrecognized tax benefits, if recognized, would impact our effective tax rate. The Company does not believe that it has any tax positions for which it is reasonably possible that it will be required to record significant amounts of unrecognized tax benefits within the next twelve months.

The primary jurisdictions in which the Company operates and incurs income taxes are the United States, the United Kingdom, and Bermuda (beginning January 1, 2025). There are no unremitted earnings with respect to the United Kingdom or other foreign jurisdictions.

In the normal course of business, the Company is subject to examination by federal, state, local and foreign tax authorities. As of March 31, 2024, the Company’s U.S. federal, state, local and foreign income tax returns for the years 2020 through 2022 are open under the general statute of limitations provisions and therefore subject to examination. Currently, the Internal Revenue Service is examining the tax returns of the Company and certain subsidiaries for tax years 2019 to 2021. The State and City of New York are examining certain subsidiaries’ tax returns for tax years 2011 to 2021. The United Kingdom tax authorities are currently examining certain subsidiaries’ tax returns for tax year 2017. There are other examinations ongoing in other foreign jurisdictions in which the Company operates. No provisions with respect to these examinations have been recorded, other than the unrecognized tax benefits discussed above.

The Company has historically recorded deferred tax assets resulting from the step-up in the tax basis of assets, including intangibles, resulting from exchanges of AOG Units for Class A shares by the Former Managing Partners and Contributing Partners. A related liability has also historically been recorded in due to related parties in the condensed consolidated statements of financial condition for the expected payments under the tax receivable agreement entered into by and among the Company, the Former Managing Partners, the Contributing Partners, and other parties thereto (as amended, the “tax receivable agreement”) (see note 15). The benefit the Company obtained from the difference in the tax asset recognized and the related liability was recorded as an increase to additional paid in capital. The amortization period for the portion of the increase in tax basis related to intangibles is 15 years. The realization of the remaining portion of the increase in tax basis relates to the disposition of the underlying assets to which the step-up is attributed. The associated deferred tax assets reverse at the time of the corresponding asset disposition.