10-Q

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, DC 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2023

OR

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from __________ to __________

Commission File Number: 001-40926

Vivid Seats Inc.

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)

Delaware	86-3355184
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
24 E. Washington Street Suite 900 Chicago, Illinois	60602
(Address of principal executive offices)	(Zip Code)

(312) 291-9966

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Class A common stock, par value $0.0001 per share	SEAT	The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC
Warrants to purchase one share of Class A common stock	SEATW	The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer	☐	Accelerated filer	☐
Non-accelerated filer	☒	Smaller reporting company	☐
Emerging growth company	☒

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

As of October 31, 2023, the registrant had outstanding 96,609,670 shares of Class A common stock, $0.0001 par value per share, net of treasury shares, and 99,800,000 shares of Class B common stock, $0.0001 par value per share.

table of contents

		Page
	Forward-Looking Statements	1
PART I.	FINANCIAL INFORMATION	3
Item 1.	Financial Statements (Unaudited)	3
	Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets	3
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations	4
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income	5
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Deficit	6
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows	8
	Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	9
Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	28
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	38
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	38
PART II.	OTHER INFORMATION	39
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	39
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	39
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities, Use of Proceeds, and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities	39
Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	39
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	40
Item 5.	Other Information	40
Item 6.	Exhibits	40
Signatures		42

forward-looking statements

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (this "Report") contains forward-looking statements regarding future events and the future results of Vivid Seats Inc. and its subsidiaries (collectively, “us,” “we” and “our”) that are based on our current expectations, estimates, forecasts and projections about our business and the industries in which we operate and the beliefs and assumptions of our management. We intend such forward-looking statements to be covered by the safe harbor provisions for forward-looking statements contained in Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"). Words such as “expect,” “anticipate,” “target,” “goal,” “project,” “intend,” “plan,” “believe,” “seek,” “estimate,” “will,” “likely,” “may,” “designed,” “would,” “future,” “can” and “could,” as well as similar expressions which predict or indicate future events and trends or which do not relate to historical matters, are intended to identify such forward-looking statements.

For example, we may use forward-looking statements when addressing topics such as:

•our ability to raise financing in the future;

•our future financial performance;

•our success in retaining or recruiting, or changes required in, our officers, key employees or directors;

•our ability to pay dividends on our Class A common stock on the terms currently contemplated or at all; and

•factors relating to our business, operations and financial performance, including, but not limited to:

oour ability to compete in the ticketing industry;

oour ability to maintain relationships with ticket buyers, sellers and distribution partners;

oour ability to continue to improve our platform and maintain and enhance our brand;

othe impact of extraordinary events or adverse economic conditions on discretionary consumer and corporate spending or on the supply and demand of live events;

oour ability to identify suitable acquisition targets, and to complete and realize the expected benefits of planned acquisitions;

oour ability to comply with applicable regulatory regimes;

oour ability to successfully defend against litigation;

oour ability to maintain the integrity of our information systems and infrastructure, and to mitigate possible cyber security risks;

oour ability to generate sufficient cash flows or raise additional capital necessary to fund our operations; and

othe impact of pandemics on our business and the industries in which we operate.

We have based these forward-looking statements largely on our current expectations and projections about future events and financial trends that we believe may affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. Forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance, conditions or results, and are subject to risks, uncertainties and assumptions that are difficult to predict. Therefore, actual results may differ materially and adversely from those anticipated in any forward-looking statements. You are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date of this Report or, in the case of statements incorporated herein by reference, as of the date of the incorporated document. While we believe such information forms a reasonable basis for such statements, such information may be limited or incomplete, and our statements

1

should not be read to indicate that we have conducted an exhaustive inquiry into, or review of, all potentially available relevant information.

Important factors that could cause or contribute to such differences include, but are not limited to, those discussed under the “Risk Factors” and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” sections of this Report and our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022 (together with Amendment No. 1 thereto, our “2022 Form 10-K”), as well as in our press releases and other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”).

Except as required by applicable law, we undertake no obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements contained in this Report, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.

2

VIVID SEATS INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(in thousands, except per share data) (Unaudited)

	September 30,			December 31,
	2023			2022
Assets
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	268,678		$	251,542
Restricted cash		1,056			748
Accounts receivable – net		64,829			36,531
Inventory – net		21,533			12,783
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		49,407			29,912
Total current assets		405,503			331,516
Property and equipment – net		10,240			10,431
Right-of-use assets – net		9,291			7,859
Intangible assets – net		113,873			81,976
Goodwill		759,971			715,258
Deferred tax assets		77,376			1,853
Investments		6,042			—
Other non-current assets		2,780			2,538
Total assets	$	1,385,076		$	1,151,431
Liabilities and shareholders’ deficit
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	219,118		$	161,312
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities		197,247			181,970
Deferred revenue		34,447			31,983
Current maturities of long-term debt		3,308			2,750
Total current liabilities		454,120			378,015
Long-term debt – net		265,875			264,898
Long-term lease liabilities		15,931			14,911
Tax Receivable Agreement liability		98,977			—
Other non-current liabilities		29,745			13,445
Total long-term liabilities		410,528			293,254
Commitments and contingencies (Note 14)
Redeemable noncontrolling interests		640,717			862,860
Shareholders' deficit
Class A common stock, $0.0001 par value; 500,000,000 shares authorized at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022; 101,803,392 and 82,410,774 issued and outstanding at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively		11			8
Class B common stock, $0.0001 par value; 250,000,000 shares authorized, 99,800,000 and 118,200,000 issued and outstanding at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively		10			12
Additional paid-in capital		884,523			663,908
Treasury stock, at cost, 5,291,497 and 4,342,477 shares at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively		(40,106	)		(32,494	)
Accumulated deficit		(964,561	)		(1,014,132	)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss		(166	)		—
Total Shareholders' deficit		(120,289	)		(382,698	)
Total liabilities, Redeemable noncontrolling interests, and Shareholders' deficit	$	1,385,076		$	1,151,431

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.

3

VIVID SEATS INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(in thousands, except for per share data) (Unaudited)

	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023			2022			2023			2022
Revenues	$	188,133		$	156,818		$	514,576		$	435,284
Costs and expenses:
Cost of revenues (exclusive of depreciation and amortization shown separately below)		50,462			37,617			130,838			102,203
Marketing and selling		77,006			66,323			196,970			179,963
General and administrative		37,225			30,239			107,921			95,721
Depreciation and amortization		3,301			2,158			8,603			5,269
Change in fair value of contingent consideration		20			(1,220	)		(998	)		(1,220	)
Income from operations		20,119			21,701			71,242			53,348
Other (income) expense:
Interest expense – net		2,544			2,901			8,596			9,542
Loss on extinguishment of debt		—			—			—			4,285
Other income		(1,038	)		(65	)		(365	)		(6,618	)
Income before income taxes		18,613			18,865			63,011			46,139
Income tax expense (benefit)		2,595			118			(21,605	)		194
Net income		16,018			18,747			84,616			45,945
Net income attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests		9,341			11,084			35,045			27,368
Net income attributable to Class A Common Stockholders	$	6,677		$	7,663		$	49,571		$	18,577
Net income per Class A common stock:
Basic	$	0.07		$	0.09		$	0.57		$	0.23
Diluted	$	0.07		$	0.09		$	0.43		$	0.23
Weighted average Class A common stock outstanding:
Basic		96,407,327			81,996,447			86,403,617			80,145,329
Diluted		96,862,899			82,023,463			196,307,731			198,709,769

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.

4

VIVID SEATS INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

(in thousands) (Unaudited)

	Three Months Ended September 30,					Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023			2022		2023			2022
Net income	$	16,018		$	18,747	$	84,616		$	45,945
Other comprehensive income:
Foreign currency translation adjustment		(374	)		—		(374	)		—
Comprehensive income, net of taxes	$	15,644		$	18,747	$	84,242		$	45,945
Comprehensive income attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests		9,341			11,084		35,045			27,368
Foreign currency translation adjustment attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests		(208	)		—		(208	)		—
Comprehensive income attributable to Class A Common Stockholders	$	6,511		$	7,663	$	49,405		$	18,577

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.

5

VIVID SEATS INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF DEFICIT

(in thousands, except for share data) (Unaudited)
 

				Class A Common Stock				Class B Common Stock							Treasury Stock
	Redeemable noncontrolling interests			Shares		Amount		Shares		Amount		Additional paid-in capital			Shares			Amount			Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (loss)		Accumulated deficit			Total shareholders' deficit
Balances at January 1, 2022	$	1,286,016			79,091,871	$	8		118,200,000	$	12	$	182,091			—		$	—		$	—	$	(1,042,794	)	$	(860,683	)
Net income		1,879			—		—		—		—		—			—			—			—		1,259			1,259
Issuance of shares		—			75,072		—		—		—		—			—			—			—		—			—
Deemed contribution from former parent		691			—		—		—		—		463			—			—			—		—			463
Equity-based compensation		—			—		—		—		—		2,443			—			—			—		—			2,443
Subsequent remeasurement of Redeemable noncontrolling interests		18,706			—		—		—		—		(18,706	)		—			—			—		—			(18,706	)
Balances at March 31, 2022	$	1,307,292			79,166,943	$	8		118,200,000	$	12	$	166,291			—		$	—		$	—	$	(1,041,535	)	$	(875,224	)
Net income		14,405			—		—		—		—		—			—			—			—		9,655			9,655
Issuance of shares		—			74,089		—		—		—		—			—			—			—		—			—
Deemed contribution from former parent		699			—		—		—		—		468			—			—			—		—			468
Equity-based compensation		—			—		—		—		—		4,145			—			—			—		—			4,145
Distributions to non-controlling interest		—			—		—		—		—		(4,108	)		—			—			—		—			(4,108	)
Subsequent remeasurement of Redeemable noncontrolling interests		(439,442	)		—		—		—		—		439,442			—			—			—		—			439,442
Balances at June 30, 2022	$	882,954			79,241,032	$	8		118,200,000	$	12	$	606,238			—		$	—		$	—	$	(1,031,880	)	$	(425,622	)
Net income		11,084			—		—		—		—		—			—			—			—		7,663			7,663
Issuance of shares		—			72,325		—		—		—		—			—			—			—		—			—
Deemed contribution from former parent		617			—		—		—		—		427			—			—			—		—			427
Equity-based compensation		—			—		—		—		—		4,029			—			—			—		—			4,029
Repurchases of common stock		—			—		—		—		—		—			(397,551	)		(3,050	)		—		—			(3,050	)
Distributions to non-controlling interest		(810	)		—		—		—		—		—			—			—			—		—			—
Reclassification of contingent consideration		—					—		—		—		2,657									—					2,657
Subsequent remeasurement of Redeemable noncontrolling interests		11,567			—		—		—		—		(11,567	)		—			—			—		—			(11,567	)
Increase in common shares outstanding following warrant exchange		—			2,727,785		—		—		—		—			—			—			—		—			—
Balances at September 30, 2022	$	905,412			82,041,142	$	8		118,200,000	$	12	$	601,784			(397,551	)	$	(3,050	)	$	—	$	(1,024,217	)	$	(425,463	)

6

VIVID SEATS INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF DEFICIT

(in thousands, except for share data) (Unaudited)
 

				Class A Common Stock				Class B Common Stock									Treasury Stock
	Redeemable noncontrolling interests			Shares		Amount		Shares			Amount			Additional paid-in capital			Shares			Amount			Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss			Accumulated deficit			Total shareholders' deficit
Balances at January 1, 2023	$	862,860			82,410,774	$	8		118,200,000		$	12		$	663,908			(4,342,477	)	$	(32,494	)	$	—		$	(1,014,132	)	$	(382,698	)
Net income		18,090			—		—		—			—			—			—			—			—			12,182			12,182
Issuance of shares		—			491,502		1		—			—			—			—			—			—			—			1
Deemed contribution from former parent		577			—		—		—			—			391			—			—			—			—			391
Equity-based compensation		—			—		—		—			—			4,615			—			—			—			—			4,615
Repurchases of common stock		—			—		—		—			—			—			(949,020	)		(7,612	)		—			—			(7,612	)
Distributions to non-controlling interest		(3,816	)		—		—		—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—
Subsequent remeasurement of Redeemable noncontrolling interests		24,155			—		—		—			—			(24,155	)		—			—			—			—			(24,155	)
Balances at March 31, 2023	$	901,866			82,902,276	$	9		118,200,000		$	12		$	644,759			(5,291,497	)	$	(40,106	)	$	—		$	(1,001,950	)	$	(397,276	)
Net income		7,614			—		—		—			—			—			—			—			—			30,712			30,712
Issuance of shares		—			309,529		—		—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—
Deemed contribution from former parent		544			—		—		—			—			431			—			—			—			—			431
Secondary Offering of Class A common stock		(145,064	)		18,400,000		2		(18,400,000	)		(2	)		145,064			—			—			—			—			145,064
Equity-based compensation		—			—		—		—			—			6,524			—			—			—			—			6,524
Distributions to non-controlling interest		(7,200	)		—		—		—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—
Subsequent remeasurement of Redeemable noncontrolling interests		32,656			—		—		—			—			(32,656	)		—			—			—			—			(32,656	)
Establishment of liabilities under Tax Receivable Agreement, net of tax and other tax impact of Secondary Offering (Note 16)		—			—		—		—			—			(46,132	)		—			—			—			—			(46,132	)
Balances at June 30, 2023	$	790,416			101,611,805	$	11		99,800,000		$	10		$	717,990			(5,291,497	)	$	(40,106	)	$	—		$	(971,238	)	$	(293,333	)
Net income		9,341			—		—		—			—			—			—			—			—			6,677			6,677
Issuance of shares		—			191,587		—		—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—
Deemed contribution from former parent		498			—		—		—			—			481			—			—			—			—			481
Equity-based compensation		—			—		—		—			—			6,722			—			—			—			—			6,722
Other comprehensive loss		(208	)		—		—		—			—			—			—			—			(166	)		—			(166	)
Subsequent remeasurement of Redeemable noncontrolling interests		(159,330	)		—		—		—			—			159,330			—			—			—			—			159,330
Balances at September 30, 2023	$	640,717			101,803,392	$	11		99,800,000		$	10		$	884,523			(5,291,497	)	$	(40,106	)	$	(166	)	$	(964,561	)	$	(120,289	)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.

7

VIVID SEATS INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(in thousands) (Unaudited)

	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023			2022
Cash flows from operating activities
Net income	$	84,616		$	45,945
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization		8,603			5,269
Amortization of leases		467			1,591
Amortization of deferred financing costs and interest rate cap		688			819
Equity-based compensation expense		20,488			13,982
Change in fair value of warrants		(991	)		(6,618	)
Change in fair value of derivative asset		83			—
Change in fair value of contingent consideration		(998	)		(1,220	)
Loss on extinguishment of debt		—			4,285
Loss on asset disposals		51			63
Deferred taxes		(22,678	)		—
Non-cash interest income		(125	)		—
Foreign currency revaluation losses		542			—
Change in assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable		(26,147	)		(4,292	)
Inventory		(8,702	)		(2,350	)
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		(19,239	)		37,778
Accounts payable		50,484			(26,737	)
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities		18,415			(73,938	)
Deferred revenue		2,464			8,492
Other non-current assets and liabilities		6,365			(1,680	)
Net cash provided by operating activities		114,386			1,389
Cash flows from investing activities
Acquisition of business, net of cash acquired		(55,935	)		—
Investments in convertible promissory note and warrant		(6,000	)		—
Purchases of property and equipment		(785	)		(2,727	)
Purchases of personal seat licenses		(542	)		(165	)
Investments in developed technology		(7,770	)		(8,988	)
Cash adjustment in acquisition		—			(8	)
Net cash used in investing activities		(71,032	)		(11,888	)
Cash flows from financing activities
Payments of February 2022 First Lien Loan		(2,063	)		(1,375	)
Repurchase of common stock as treasury stock		(7,612	)		(3,050	)
Cash paid for milestone payments		(6,005	)		—
Distributions to non-controlling interest		(11,016	)		(4,918	)
Payments of June 2017 First Lien Loan		—			(465,712	)
Proceeds from February 2022 First Lien Loan		—			275,000
Payments of deferred financing costs and other debt-related costs		—			(4,856	)
Net cash used in financing activities		(26,696	)		(204,911	)
Impact of foreign exchange on cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash		786			—
Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash		17,444			(215,410	)
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash – beginning of period		252,290			489,810
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash – end of period	$	269,734		$	274,400
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:
Cash paid for interest	$	13,250		$	9,886
Cash paid for income tax	$	401		$	—
Cash paid for operating lease liabilities	$	686		$	2,587
Property and equipment acquired through tenant improvement allowance	$	—		$	5,346
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations	$	—		$	3,406
Establishment of liabilities under Tax Receivable Agreement	$	98,977		$	—
Establishment of deferred tax asset under Tax Receivable Agreement and Secondary Offering	$	52,845		$	—

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.

8

Vivid Seats INC.

NOTES to the CONDENSED Consolidated Financial Statements

(UNAUDITED)

1. Background and Basis of Presentation

Vivid Seats Inc. and its subsidiaries including Hoya Intermediate, LLC ("Hoya Intermediate"), Hoya Midco, LLC and Vivid Seats LLC (collectively the “Company,” “us,” “we,” and “our”) provide an online secondary ticket marketplace that enables ticket buyers to discover and easily purchase tickets to concert, sporting and theater events in the United States, Canada and Japan. Through our Marketplace segment, we operate an online platform enabling ticket buyers to purchase tickets to live events, while enabling ticket sellers to seamlessly manage their operations. In our Resale segment, we acquire tickets to resell on secondary ticket marketplaces, including our own.

We have prepared these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("GAAP") for interim financial information and the instructions to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X issued by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC"). Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and notes required by GAAP for comprehensive annual financial statements. These condensed consolidated financial statements are not necessarily indicative of results that may be expected for any other interim period or for the full year. These condensed consolidated financial statements should be read together with the audited annual consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022 and Amendment No. 1 thereto, which were filed with the SEC on March 7, 2023 and May 9, 2023, respectively (together, our “2022 Form 10-K”). These condensed consolidated financial statements include all of our accounts, including those of our consolidated subsidiaries. All intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation. Certain prior period amounts of Other non-current assets have been reclassified to conform to current period presentation. These reclassifications had no effect on previously reported totals for assets, liabilities, shareholders' deficit, cash flows or net income.

2. New Accounting Standards

Recently Adopted Accounting Standards

In June 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2016-13, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, which changes how entities will measure credit losses for financial assets and certain other instruments that are not measured at fair value through net income. The new expected credit loss impairment model requires immediate recognition of estimated credit losses expected to occur. ASU 2019-10, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326), Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815), and Leases (Topic 842): Effective Dates, deferred the effective date for non-public companies. The standard is effective for non-public companies for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022. We adopted these requirements as of January 1, 2023 with no material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848), Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting, as modified in January 2021. The ASU is intended to help stakeholders during the global market-wide reference rate transition period. The new guidance provides optional expedients and exceptions for applying GAAP to contract modifications and hedging relationships, subject to meeting certain criteria, that reference the London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) or another reference rate expected to be discontinued. The guidance also establishes (1) a general contract modification principle that entities can apply in other areas that may be affected by reference rate reform and (2) certain elective hedge accounting expedients. We adopted these requirements as of January 1, 2023 with no material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

3. Business Acquisition

On September 8, 2023 (the "Acquisition Date"), we acquired 100% of the outstanding shares of WD Holdings Co., Ltd. ("Wavedash"), an online ticket marketplace headquartered in Tokyo, Japan. The purchase price was JPY

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NOTES to the CONDENSED Consolidated Financial Statements

(UNAUDITED)

10,946.1 million, or approximately $74.3 million based on the exchange rate in effect on the Acquisition Date, before considering the net effect of cash acquired equal to the amount in the table below. We financed the transaction at closing with cash on hand. The acquisition was accounted for as an acquisition of a business in accordance with the acquisition method of accounting.

We have applied the acquisition method of accounting in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") 805, Business Combinations and recognized assets acquired and liabilities assumed at their respective fair values as of the Acquisition Date, with the excess purchase consideration recorded to goodwill. The goodwill recorded is not expected to be deductible for income tax purposes. The goodwill is primarily attributable to revenue opportunities associated with Wavedash’s service offerings and assembled workforce and is included in our Marketplace segment.

The fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed are preliminary and subject to change because the evaluations necessary to assess the fair values of the net assets acquired are still in process. The primary areas that are not yet finalized relate to the valuations of certain intangible assets and acquired income tax assets and liabilities. Acquired assets and liability amounts are also still being finalized. We expect to finalize the allocation of the purchase price as soon as practicable, but no later than one year from the Acquisition Date when the measurement period ends. In connection with the transaction, we assumed long-term debt which matures in the second quarter of 2026, subject to a fixed interest rate. Refer to Note 12, Debt for more information.

Acquisition costs directly related to the transaction were $1.9 million and $2.7 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively, and are included in General and administrative expenses in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

The following table summarizes the estimated fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of the Acquisition Date (in thousands):

Cash	$	18,390
Accounts receivable		2,182
Inventory		49
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		259
Property and equipment		67
Right-of-use assets		1,927
Other net assets		675
Intangible assets		31,846
Goodwill		45,351
Accounts payable		(7,427	)
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities		(3,901	)
Current maturities of long-term debt		(566	)
Long-term debt		(2,546	)
Other non-current liabilities		(11,981	)
Net assets acquired	$	74,325

The following table sets forth the components of identifiable intangible assets acquired (in thousands) and their estimated useful lives (in years) as of the Acquisition Date:

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NOTES to the CONDENSED Consolidated Financial Statements

(UNAUDITED)

	Cost		Estimated Useful Life
Tradename	$	2,173	Indefinite
Supplier relationships		19,963	5 years
Customer relationships		5,500	4 years
Developed technology		4,210	3 years
Total acquired intangible assets	$	31,846

4. Revenue Recognition

We recognize revenue in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. We have two reportable segments: Marketplace and Resale.

Through the Marketplace segment, we act as an intermediary between ticket buyers and sellers. We earn revenue processing ticket sales from our Owned Properties, consisting of our websites and mobile applications, and from our Private Label offering, which is comprised of numerous distribution partners.

Marketplace revenues consisted of the following (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Marketplace revenues:
Owned Properties	$	122,778	$	106,597	$	329,006	$	288,827
Private Label		31,610		23,945		101,113		82,145
Total Marketplace revenues	$	154,388	$	130,542	$	430,119	$	370,972

Marketplace revenues consisted of the following event categories (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Marketplace revenues:
Concerts	$	87,142	$	63,802	$	239,762	$	188,291
Sports		52,169		52,812		143,118		143,012
Theater		14,788		13,526		45,705		37,997
Other		289		402		1,534		1,672
Total Marketplace revenues	$	154,388	$	130,542	$	430,119	$	370,972

Resale revenues were $33.7 million and $84.5 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively, and $26.3 million and $64.3 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively.

At September 30, 2023, Deferred revenue in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets was $34.4 million, which primarily relates to Vivid Seats Rewards, our loyalty program. Stamps earned under the program expire in two to three years, if not converted to credits, and credits expire in two to four years, if not redeemed. We expect to recognize all outstanding deferred revenue in the next seven years.

At December 31, 2022, $32.0 million was recorded as Deferred revenue, of which $1.9 million and $13.6 million was recognized as revenue during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively. At December 31,

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NOTES to the CONDENSED Consolidated Financial Statements

(UNAUDITED)

2021, $25.1 million was recorded as Deferred revenue, of which $1.2 million and $7.2 million was recognized as revenue during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively.

5. Segment Reporting

Our reportable segments are Marketplace and Resale. Through the Marketplace segment, we act as an intermediary between ticket buyers and sellers within our online secondary ticket marketplace. Through the Resale segment, we acquire tickets from primary sellers, which we then sell through secondary ticket marketplaces, including our own. Revenues and contribution margin are used by our Chief Operating Decision Maker ("CODM") to assess performance of the business. We define contribution margin as revenues less cost of revenues and marketing and selling expenses.

We do not report our assets, capital expenditures, general and administrative expenses or related depreciation and amortization expenses by segment because our CODM does not use this information to evaluate the performance of our operating segments.

The following tables represent our segment information (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended September 30, 2023							Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023
	Marketplace		Resale		Consolidated			Marketplace		Resale		Consolidated
Revenues	$	154,388	$	33,745	$	188,133		$	430,119	$	84,457	$	514,576
Cost of revenues (exclusive of depreciation and amortization shown separately below)		23,923		26,539		50,462			66,749		64,089		130,838
Marketing and selling		77,006		—		77,006			196,970		—		196,970
Contribution margin	$	53,459	$	7,206		60,665		$	166,400	$	20,368		186,768
General and administrative						37,225							107,921
Depreciation and amortization						3,301							8,603
Change in fair value of contingent consideration						20							(998	)
Income from operations						20,119							71,242
Interest expense – net						2,544							8,596
Other income						(1,038	)						(365	)
Income before income taxes					$	18,613						$	63,011

	Three Months Ended September 30, 2022							Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022
	Marketplace		Resale		Consolidated			Marketplace		Resale		Consolidated
Revenues	$	130,542	$	26,276	$	156,818		$	370,972	$	64,312	$	435,284
Cost of revenues (exclusive of depreciation and amortization shown separately below)		17,950		19,667		37,617			52,912		49,291		102,203
Marketing and selling		66,323		—		66,323			179,963		—		179,963
Contribution margin	$	46,269	$	6,609		52,878		$	138,097	$	15,021		153,118
General and administrative						30,239							95,721
Depreciation and amortization						2,158							5,269
Change in fair value of contingent consideration						(1,220	)						(1,220	)
Income from operations						21,701							53,348
Interest expense – net						2,901							9,542
Loss on extinguishment of debt						—							4,285
Other expenses						(65	)						(6,618	)
Income before income taxes					$	18,865						$	46,139

Substantially all of our assets reside in the United States.

6. Accounts Receivable - Net

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NOTES to the CONDENSED Consolidated Financial Statements

(UNAUDITED)

As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, Accounts receivable – net was $64.8 million and $36.5 million, respectively.

$42.2 million and $18.9 million of the Accounts receivable balance at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, consisted of uncollateralized payment processor obligations due under normal trade terms typically requiring payment within three business days. Credit risk with respect to accounts receivable from payment processing entities is limited due to the consolidation of those receivables with large financial institutions and the frequency with which the receivables turn over.

$7.8 million and $1.0 million of the Accounts receivable balance at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, consisted of amounts due from marketplace ticket sellers for canceled events and costs of replacement tickets. We recorded an allowance for credit losses of $4.0 million and $0.1 million at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, to reflect potential challenges in collecting funds from marketplace ticket sellers. The allowance for credit losses increased during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 as certain ticket sellers on the marketplace platform generated balances in excess of their existing payables, creating a greater risk of credit losses on these receivables.

$12.1 million and $11.7 million of the Accounts receivable balance at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, consisted of amounts due from distribution partners for cancellation charges, primarily related to canceled events. We recorded an allowance for credit losses of $5.0 million and $3.6 million at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, to reflect potential challenges in collecting funds from distribution partners, particularly for amounts due upon usage of store credit previously issued to buyers.

Accounts receivable balances are stated net of allowance for credit losses and bad debt expense is presented as a reduction of Revenues in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations.

There were no write-offs for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022.

7. Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets

Prepaid expenses and other current assets consist of the following (in thousands):

	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Recovery of future customer compensation	$	42,421	$	23,311
Prepaid expenses		6,591		6,032
Other current assets		395		569
Total prepaid expenses and other current assets	$	49,407	$	29,912

Recovery of future customer compensation represents expected recoveries of compensation to be paid to customers for event cancellations or other service issues related to previously recorded sales transactions. Recovery of future customer compensation costs increased by $19.1 million at September 30, 2023 compared to December 31, 2022 due to an increase in the reserve for future cancellations driven by higher volume of sales for future events. The provision related to these expected recoveries is included in Accrued expenses and other current liabilities in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

8. Goodwill and Intangible Assets

Definite-lived intangible assets includes developed technology and customer relationships, which had a net carrying amount of $47.1 million and $17.3 million at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, and accumulated amortization of $17.2 million and $9.6 million at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. Our goodwill is included in our Marketplace segment.

The net changes in the carrying amounts of our intangible assets and goodwill were as follows (in thousands):

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NOTES to the CONDENSED Consolidated Financial Statements

(UNAUDITED)

	Definite-lived Intangible Assets			Trademark			Goodwill
Balance at January 1, 2023	$	17,310		$	64,666		$	715,258
Wavedash acquisition		29,673			2,173			45,351
Foreign currency translation		(418	)		(30	)		(638	)
Capitalized development costs		8,067			—			—
Disposals		(43	)		—			—
Amortization		(7,525	)		—			—
Balance at September 30, 2023	$	47,064		$	66,809		$	759,971

	Definite-lived Intangible Assets			Trademark		Goodwill
Balance at January 1, 2022	$	13,845		$	64,666	$	718,204
Betcha acquisition adjustment		(890	)		—		(2,946	)
Capitalized development costs		8,988			—		—
Amortization		(5,009	)		—		—
Balance at September 30, 2022	$	16,934		$	64,666	$	715,258

We had recorded $563.2 million of cumulative impairment charges related to our intangible assets and goodwill as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022.

Amortization expense on our definite-lived intangible assets was $2.9 million and $7.5 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively, and $2.1 million and $5.0 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively. Amortization expense is presented in Depreciation and amortization in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

9. Investments

In July 2023, we invested $6.0 million in a privately held company in the form of a convertible promissory note (the “Note”) and a warrant to purchase up to 1,874,933 shares of the company's stock (the "Warrant"). Interest on the Note accrues at 8% per annum and outstanding principal and accrued interest is due and payable at the earlier of July 3, 2030 or a change in control of the company. The Warrant is exercisable until the date three years after the Note is repaid, subject to certain accelerating events.

We account for the Note in accordance with ASC Topic 320, Investments - Debt and Equity Securities. The Note is classified as an available-for-sale security and is recorded at fair value with the change in unrealized gains and losses reported as a separate component on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income until realized. The Note's unrealized gain for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 was less than $0.1 million. The Note's amortized cost amounted to $2.5 million at September 30, 2023. We did not recognize any credit losses related to the Note during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023.

We account for the Warrant in accordance with ASC Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging ("ASC 815"). As required by ASC 815, we record the derivative instrument on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in Other (income) expense on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations on the recurring basis. The classification of the derivative instrument, including whether such instrument should be recorded as an asset or a liability, is evaluated at the end of each reporting period.

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NOTES to the CONDENSED Consolidated Financial Statements

(UNAUDITED)

10. Fair Value Measurements

We account for financial instruments under ASC Topic 820, Fair Value Measurements ("ASC 820"). This statement defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value in generally accepted accounting principles, and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. To increase consistency and comparability in fair value measurements, ASC 820 establishes a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value into three levels as follows:

Level 1 - Measurements that reflect quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets.

Level 2 - Measurements that include other inputs that are directly or indirectly observable in the marketplace.

Level 3 - Measurements derived from valuation techniques in which one or more significant inputs or significant value drivers are unobservable. These fair value measurements require significant judgment.

Financial instruments recorded at fair value on recurring basis as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 are as follows (in thousands):

	Fair Value Measurements Using
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
September 30, 2023
Money market funds (cash equivalent)	$	190,054	$	—	$	—	$	190,054
Investments:
Note		—		—		2,536		2,536
Warrant		—		—		3,506		3,506
	$	190,054	$	—	$	6,042	$	196,096
	Fair Value Measurements Using
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
December 31, 2022
Money market funds (cash equivalent)	$	203,285	$	—	$	—	$	203,285
	$	203,285	$	—	$	—	$	203,285

The fair value of the Note is determined using the income approach, utilizing Level 3 inputs. The estimated fair value of the Warrant is determined using the Black-Scholes model, which requires us to make assumptions and judgments about the variables used in the calculation related to volatility, expected term, dividend yield and risk-free interest rate. Because of the inherent uncertainty of valuation, these estimated values may differ significantly from the values that would have been used had a ready market for the investments existed, and the differences could be material.

The following table presents quantitative information about the significant unobservable inputs applied to these Level 3 fair value measurements:

Assets	Significant Unobservable Inputs	September 30, 2023
Note	Expected terms (years)		7.0
	Implied Yield		23.0	%
Warrant	Estimated volatility		55.0	%
	Expected terms (years)		7.0
	Risk-free rate		4.6	%
	Expected dividend yield		0	%

The following table provides a reconciliation of the financial instruments measured at fair value using Level 3 significant unobservable inputs for the three months ended September 30, 2023 (in thousands):

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NOTES to the CONDENSED Consolidated Financial Statements

(UNAUDITED)

	Note		Warrant
Balance as of July 3, 2023 (inception)	$	2,411	$	3,589
Accretion of discount		8
Interest paid-in-kind		117
Total unrealized gains or losses:
Recognized in earnings		—		(83	)
Balance at September 30, 2023	$	2,536	$	3,506

11. Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities

Accrued expenses and other current liabilities consist of the following (in thousands):

	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Accrued marketing expense	$	44,709	$	26,873
Accrued taxes		938		542
Accrued customer credits		63,754		88,167
Accrued future customer compensation		46,263		30,181
Accrued contingencies		—		5,898
Accrued payroll		13,363		10,660
Other current liabilities		28,220		19,649
Total accrued expenses and other current liabilities	$	197,247	$	181,970

Accrued customer credits represent credits issued and outstanding for event cancellations or other service issues related to recorded sales transactions. The accrued amount is reduced by the amount of credits estimated to go unused, known as breakage, provided that the credits are not subject to escheatment. We estimate breakage based on historical usage trends and available data on comparable programs and recognize breakage in proportion to the pattern of redemption for customer credits. Our breakage estimate could be impacted by future activity differing from our estimates, the effects of which could be material.

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, $2.6 million and $7.8 million of accrued customer credits were redeemed, respectively, and we recognized $7.7 million and $18.4 million of revenue from breakage, respectively. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, $5.6 million and $22.9 million of accrued customer credits were redeemed, respectively, and we recognized $1.8 million and $5.0 million of revenue from breakage, respectively. Breakage amounts are net of reductions in associated accounts receivable balances.

Accrued future customer compensation represents an estimate of the amount of customer compensation due from cancellation charges in the future. These provisions are based on historic experience, revenue volumes for future events, and management’s estimate of the likelihood of future event cancellations and are recognized as a component of Revenues in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. The expected recoveries of these obligations are included in Prepaid expenses and other current assets in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. This estimated accrual could be impacted by future activity differing from our estimates, the effects of which could be material. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, we recognized a net increase in revenue of $1.5 million and $0.2 million, respectively, and during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, we recognized a net increase in revenue of $4.6 million and $4.5 million, respectively, from the reversals of previously recorded revenue and changes to accrued future customer compensation related to event cancellations where the performance obligations were satisfied in prior periods.

Accrued contingencies primarily decreased as a result of milestone payments to Betcha Sports, Inc. ("Betcha," which was rebranded as "Vivid Picks") of $6.0 million in cash during the nine months ended September 30, 2023.

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NOTES to the CONDENSED Consolidated Financial Statements

(UNAUDITED)

Other current liabilities primarily increased as a result of accrued interest during the nine months ended September 30, 2023.

12. Debt

Our outstanding debt is comprised of the following (in thousands):

	September 30, 2023			December 31, 2022
February 2022 First Lien Loan	$	270,875		$	272,938
Shoko Chukin Bank Loan		3,068			—
Total long-term debt, gross		273,943			272,938
Less: unamortized debt issuance costs		(4,760	)		(5,290	)
Total long-term debt, net of issuance costs		269,183			267,648
Less: current portion		(3,308	)		(2,750	)
Total long-term debt, net	$	265,875		$	264,898

June 2017 Term Loans

On June 30, 2017, we entered into a $575.0 million first lien debt facility, comprised of a $50.0 million revolving credit facility and a $525.0 million term loan (the “June 2017 First Lien Loan”), and a second lien credit facility, comprised of a $185.0 million second lien term loan (the “June 2017 Second Lien Loan”). The June 2017 First Lien Loan was amended to upsize the committed amount by $115.0 million on July 2, 2018. On October 28, 2019, we paid off the June 2017 Second Lien Loan balance. The revolving credit facility component of the first lien debt facility was subsequently retired on May 22, 2020. On October 18, 2021, we made an early principal payment related to the June 2017 First Lien Loan of $148.2 million in connection with, and using the proceeds from, the merger transaction with Horizon Acquisition Corporation ("Merger Transaction") and a private investment in public equity. On February 3, 2022, we repaid $190.7 million of the outstanding balance of the June 2017 First Lien Loan and refinanced the remaining balance with a new $275.0 million term loan.

February 2022 First Lien Loan

On February 3, 2022, we entered into an amendment which refinanced the remaining balance of the June 2017 First Lien Loan with a new $275.0 million term loan (the "February 2022 First Lien Loan"), which has a maturity date of February 3, 2029 and added a new $100.0 million revolving credit facility (the “Revolving Facility”) with a maturity date of February 3, 2027. At September 30, 2023, we had no outstanding borrowings under our Revolving Facility.

The terms of the February 2022 First Lien Loan specify a secured overnight financing rate (“SOFR”) based floating interest rate and contain a springing financial covenant that requires compliance with a first lien net leverage ratio when revolver borrowings exceed certain levels. All obligations under the February 2022 First Lien Loan are unconditionally guaranteed by Hoya Intermediate and substantially all of Hoya Intermediate’s existing and future direct and indirect wholly owned domestic subsidiaries. The February 2022 First Lien Loan requires quarterly amortization payments of $0.7 million. The Revolving Facility does not require periodic payments. All obligations under the February 2022 First Lien Loan are secured, subject to permitted liens and other exceptions, by first-priority perfected security interests in substantially all of our assets. The February 2022 First Lien Loan carries an interest rate of SOFR (subject to a 0.5% floor) plus 3.25%. The effective interest rate on the February 2022 First Lien Loan was 9.04% and 7.98% per annum at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.

Our February 2022 First Lien Loan is held by third-party financial institutions and is carried at the outstanding principal balance, less debt issuance costs and any unamortized discount or premium. The fair value was estimated using quoted prices that are directly observable in the marketplace. Therefore, the fair value is estimated on a Level

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NOTES to the CONDENSED Consolidated Financial Statements

(UNAUDITED)

2 basis. At September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the fair value of our February 2022 First Lien Loan approximated the carrying value.

We are subject to certain reporting and compliance-related covenants to remain in good standing under the February 2022 First Lien Loan. These covenants, among other things, limit our ability to incur additional indebtedness and, in certain circumstances, restrict our ability to enter into transactions with affiliates, create liens, merge or consolidate, and make certain payments. Non-compliance with these covenants and failure to remedy could result in the acceleration of the loans or foreclosure on the collateral. As of September 30, 2023, we were in compliance with all of our debt covenants related to the February 2022 First Lien Loan.

Due to the refinancing of the June 2017 First Lien Loan with the February 2022 First Lien Loan, we incurred a loss of $4.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, which is presented in Loss on extinguishment of debt in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Shoko Chukin Bank Loan

In connection with our acquisition of Wavedash, we assumed long-term debt of JPY 458.3 million (approximately $3.1 million), which has a maturity date of June 24, 2026, subject to a fixed interest rate of 1.27% per annum.

13. Financial Instruments

We issued the following warrants during the year ended December 31, 2021 in connection with the Merger Transaction:

Public Warrants

We issued warrants to purchase 18,132,776 shares of our Class A common stock at an exercise price of $11.50 per share ("Public Warrants") to former warrant holders of Horizon Acquisition Corporation, of which warrants to purchase 5,166,666 shares were issued to Horizon Sponsor, LLC. The Public Warrants are traded on the Nasdaq Stock Market under the symbol “SEATW.” As of September 30, 2023, there were 6,766,853 outstanding Public Warrants.

Private Warrants

We issued warrants to purchase 6,519,791 shares of our Class A common stock at an exercise price of $11.50 per share ("Private Warrants") to Horizon Sponsor, LLC. The Private Warrants have similar terms to the Public Warrants, except that the Private Warrants are not redeemable by us. As of September 30, 2023, there were 6,519,791 outstanding Private Warrants.

Exercise Warrants

We issued to Horizon Sponsor, LLC warrants to purchase 17,000,000 shares of our Class A common stock at an exercise price of $10.00 per share (“$10 Exercise Warrants”) and warrants to purchase 17,000,000 shares of our Class A common stock at an exercise of $15.00 per share (“$15 Exercise Warrants”; together with the $10 Exercise Warrants, “Exercise Warrants”). The Exercise Warrants have similar terms to the Public Warrants, except that the Exercise Warrants have different exercise prices, an initial term of 10 years, are not redeemable by us, and are fully transferable. As of September 30, 2023, there were 17,000,000 $10 Exercise Warrants outstanding and 17,000,000 $15 Exercise Warrants outstanding.

Mirror Warrants

Hoya Intermediate issued to us warrants to purchase 17,000,000 of its common units (“Intermediate Units”) at an exercise price of $10.00 per unit (“$10 Mirror Warrants”), warrants to purchase 17,000,000 Intermediate Units at an exercise of $15.00 per unit (“$15 Mirror Warrants”), and warrants to purchase 24,652,557 Intermediate Units at an exercise price of $11.50 per unit (“$11.50 Mirror Warrants”; together with the $10 Mirror Warrants and $15 Mirror Warrants, “Mirror Warrants”). The number and terms of the Mirror Warrants are identical to the Public,

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NOTES to the CONDENSED Consolidated Financial Statements

(UNAUDITED)

Private and Exercise Warrants, respectively. Upon the valid exercise of a Public, Private or Exercise Warrant, Hoya Intermediate will issue to us an equivalent number of Intermediate Units. Similarly, if a Public, Private or Exercise Warrant is tendered, an equivalent number of Mirror Warrants will be tendered. As of September 30, 2023, there were 17,000,000 $10 Mirror Warrants outstanding, 17,000,000 $15 Mirror Warrants outstanding and 13,286,644 $11.50 Mirror Warrants outstanding.

Hoya Intermediate Warrants

Hoya Intermediate issued to Hoya Topco, LLC (“Hoya Topco”) warrants to purchase 3,000,000 Intermediate Units at an exercise price of $10.00 per unit and warrants to purchase 3,000,000 Intermediate Units at an exercise of $15.00 per unit (collectively, the "Hoya Intermediate Warrants").

A portion of the Hoya Intermediate Warrants, consisting of warrants to purchase 1,000,000 Intermediate Units at exercise prices of $10.00 and $15.00 per unit, respectively (“Option Contingent Warrants”), were issued in tandem with stock options we issued to members of our management team (“Management Options”). The Option Contingent Warrants only become exercisable by Hoya Topco if a Management Option is forfeited or expires unexercised. As of September 30, 2023, 0.1 million Management Options were forfeited or expired.

Because the Hoya Intermediate Warrants allow for cash redemption at the option of the warrant holder, they are classified as a liability in Other liabilities in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. Upon consummation of the Merger Transaction, we recorded a warrant liability of $20.4 million, reflecting the fair value of the Hoya Intermediate Warrants determined using the Black-Scholes model. Upon consummation of the Merger Transaction, the fair value of the Hoya Intermediate Warrants included Option Contingent Warrants of $1.6 million. The estimated fair value of the Option Contingent Warrants is adjusted to reflect the probability of forfeiture of the corresponding Management Options based on historical forfeiture rates for Hoya Topco profits interests.

The following assumptions were used to calculate the fair value of the Hoya Intermediate Warrants and the Option Contingent Warrants:

	September 30, 2023			December 31, 2022
Estimated volatility		46.0	%		39.0	%
Expected term (years)		8.1			8.8
Risk-free rate		4.6	%		3.9	%
Expected dividend yield		0.0	%		0.0	%

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, the fair value of the Hoya Intermediate Warrants and the Option Contingent Warrants decreased by $1.7 million and $1.0 million, respectively, and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 decreased by less than $0.1 million and $6.6 million, respectively, which is presented in Other (income) expense on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Upon the valid exercise of a Hoya Intermediate Warrant for Intermediate Units, we will issue an equivalent amount of shares of our Class B common stock to Hoya Topco.

Other financial instruments, including accounts receivable and accounts payable, are carried at cost, which approximates their fair value because of the short-term nature of these instruments.

Share Repurchase Program

On May 25, 2022, our board of directors (“Board”) authorized a share repurchase program of our Class A common stock of up to $40.0 million ("Repurchase Program"). The Repurchase Program was announced on May 26, 2022 and its authorization was fully utilized during 2022 and the three months ended March 31, 2023. Cumulatively under the Repurchase Program, we repurchased 5.3 million shares of our Class A common stock for $40.0 million and paid $0.1 million in commissions. The share repurchases are accounted for as Treasury stock in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. We made no share repurchases during the three months ended September 30, 2023.

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NOTES to the CONDENSED Consolidated Financial Statements

(UNAUDITED)

Secondary Offering

We completed a public offering of 18,400,000 shares of our Class A common stock, comprised of 16,000,000 shares sold on May 22, 2023 and 2,400,000 shares sold on June 15, 2023 pursuant to the full exercise by the underwriters of their option to purchase additional shares (the "Secondary Offering"). The shares were sold at a public offering price of $8.00 per share and were purchased by the underwriters from Hoya Topco (the "Selling Stockholder") at a price of $7.68 per share. The Selling Stockholder exchanged 18,400,000 shares of our Class B common stock and 18,400,000 Intermediate Units for the shares of our Class A common stock that it sold in the Secondary Offering. We did not receive any of the proceeds from the sale of the shares by the Selling Stockholder in the Secondary Offering. In connection with the Secondary Offering, we incurred $1.5 million of expenses during the nine months ended September 30, 2023, which are included within General and administrative expenses in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

14. Commitments and Contingencies

Litigation

From time to time, we are involved in various claims and legal actions arising in the ordinary course of business, none of which, in the opinion of management, could have a material effect on our business, financial position or results of operations other than those matters discussed herein.

We are a co-defendant in a class action lawsuit in Canada alleging a failure to disclose service fees prior to checkout, which we have settled. On January 5, 2022, we issued coupons to certain members of the class. Other members were notified in 2022 that they are eligible to submit a claim for a coupon, which they received in 2023. As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, a liability of $0.9 million was recorded in Accrued expenses and other current liabilities in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets related to expected claim submissions and credit redemptions as of the measurement date.

We received multiple class action lawsuits related to customer compensation for cancellations, primarily as a result of COVID-19 restrictions. A final order approving settlement of one of the lawsuits was entered by the court on November 1, 2021. As such, after insurance, $4.5 million was funded to a claims settlement pool in 2021 and fully disbursed in 2022. A settlement was reached in another of the lawsuits in July 2022 and received final approval from the court on January 31, 2023. After insurance, we paid $3.3 million to cover legal and administrative fees and approved claims. Payments for approved claims were made in August 2023. We had no accrued liability as of September 30, 2023 and an accrued liability of $1.6 million as of December 31, 2022 within Accrued expenses and other current liabilities in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets related to these matters.

We are a defendant in a lawsuit related to an alleged violation of the Illinois Biometric Information Privacy Act. We deny these allegations and intend to vigorously defend against this lawsuit. Based on the information currently available, we are unable to reasonably estimate a possible loss or range of possible losses. As a result, no litigation reserve has been recorded in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets related to this matter.

Other

In 2018, the U.S. Supreme Court issued its decision in South Dakota v. Wayfair Inc., which overturned previous case law that had precluded states from imposing sales tax collection requirements on retailers without a physical presence in the state. In response, most states have already adopted laws that attempt to impose tax collection obligations on out-of-state companies, and we have registered and are collecting tax, where required by statute. However, states or local governments may continue to adopt laws requiring that we calculate, collect, and remit taxes on sales in their jurisdictions. A successful assertion by one or more jurisdictions could result in tax liabilities,

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NOTES to the CONDENSED Consolidated Financial Statements

(UNAUDITED)

including taxes on past sales, as well as penalties and interest. Based on our analysis of certain state regulations, specifically related to marketplace facilitators and ticket sales, we do not believe risk of loss is probable on historical revenue activities where tax has not already been remitted. We continuously monitor state regulations and will implement required collection and remittance procedures if and when we are subject to such regulations.

15. Related-Party Transactions

Vivid Cheers Inc.

In December 2020, Vivid Cheers Inc. (“Vivid Cheers”) was incorporated as a non-profit organization within the meaning of Section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "IRC"). Vivid Cheers’ mission is to support causes and organizations dedicated to healthcare, education, and support of workers in the live events industry during times of need. We have the right to elect the board of directors of Vivid Cheers, which currently comprises our executives. We do not have a controlling financial interest in Vivid Cheers and, accordingly, do not consolidate its statement of activities with our financial results. We made no charitable contributions to Vivid Cheers during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023. We made no charitable contributions to Vivid Cheers during the three months ended September 30, 2022, and $0.6 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2022. We had no accrued charitable contributions payable as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022.

Viral Nation Inc.

Viral Nation Inc. ("Viral Nation") is a marketing agency that creates viral social media influencer campaigns and provides advertising, marketing, and technology services. Todd Boehly, a member of our Board, is the Co-Founder, Chairman and CEO of Eldridge Industries, LLC, which owns in excess of 25% of Viral Nation. We incurred an expense of $0.1 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and $0.2 million and $0.8 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively, which is presented in Marketing and selling expenses on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Rolling Stone

Rolling Stone, LLC ("Rolling Stone") is a high-profile magazine and media platform that focuses on music, film, television, and news coverages. Todd Boehly, a member of our Board, is the Co-Founder, Chairman and CEO of Eldridge Industries, LLC, which owns in excess of 20% of Rolling Stone. We incurred an expense of $0.2 million and $0.7 million as part of our multifaceted partnership with Rolling Stone for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively, which is presented in Marketing and selling expenses on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. We incurred an expense of $0.5 million and $0.6 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively.

Khoros, LLC

Khoros, LLC ("Khoros") is a social media engagement and management platform. Martin Taylor, a member of our Board, is a Senior Managing Director at Vista Equity Partners, which is one of our investors and a majority owner of Khoros. We incurred an expense of less than $0.1 million and $0.1 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively, and less than $0.1 million and $0.1 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively, which is presented in General and administrative expenses on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Los Angeles Dodgers

The Los Angeles Dodgers (the “Dodgers”) is a Major League Baseball team based in Los Angeles, California. Todd Boehly, a member of our Board, is a minority owner of the Dodgers. As part of our strategic partnership with the

21

Vivid Seats INC.

NOTES to the CONDENSED Consolidated Financial Statements

(UNAUDITED)

Dodgers, including our designation as the Official Ticket Marketplace of the Dodgers and certain other advertising, marketing, promotional and sponsorship benefits, we incurred an expense of $1.1 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and zero for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively, which is presented in Marketing and selling expenses on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Tax Receivable Agreement

In connection with the Merger Transaction, we entered into a Tax Receivable Agreement with the existing Hoya Intermediate shareholders that provides for our payment to such shareholders of 85% of the amount of the tax savings, if any, that we realize (or, under certain circumstances, are deemed to realize) as a result of, or attributable to, (i) increases in the tax basis of assets owned directly or indirectly by Hoya Intermediate or its subsidiaries from, among other things, any redemptions or exchanges of Intermediate Units, (ii) existing tax basis (including depreciation and amortization deductions arising from such tax basis) in long-lived assets owned directly or indirectly by Hoya Intermediate and its subsidiaries, and (iii) certain other tax benefits (including deductions in respect of imputed interest) related to us making payments under the Tax Receivable Agreement.

In conjunction with the Secondary Offering in the second quarter of 2023, Hoya Topco exchanged Intermediate Units, and as a result, we recorded a liability of $99.0 million and a deferred tax asset of $52.8 million related to the Secondary Offering as well as the projected payments under the Tax Receivable Agreement, with a corresponding reduction to additional paid-in capital of $46.1 million. Tax Receivable Agreement-related liabilities are classified as current or long-term based on the expected date of payment. As of September 30, 2023, there were no amounts due within 12 months and, therefore, the entire liability is included in Tax Receivable Agreement liability within long-term liabilities in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

16. Income Taxes

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, we recorded a $2.6 million income tax expense and a $21.6 million income tax benefit in continuing operations, respectively. Our effective income tax rate differs from the 21% U.S. federal statutory rate largely due to the impact of noncontrolling interests and the release of our valuation allowance on our U.S. net operating losses, interest limitations, and tax credit carryforwards.

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, we recorded a $0.1 million and $0.2 million income tax expense in continuing operations, respectively. The September 30, 2022 income tax provision was primarily a result of state taxes.

As of September 30, 2023, our deferred tax assets were primarily the result of our investment in partnership, net operating losses, interest limitations, and tax credit carryforwards. Prior to the second quarter of 2023, a full valuation allowance was maintained against our U.S. deferred tax assets on the basis of management’s reassessment of the amount of the deferred tax assets that are more likely than not to be realized. As of each reporting date, management considers new evidence, both positive and negative, that could affect its view of the future realization of deferred tax assets. As of June 30, 2023, in part because in the current year we achieved three years of cumulative pretax income in the U.S. federal tax jurisdiction, management determined that there is sufficient positive evidence to conclude that it is more likely than not that additional deferred tax assets of $31.3 million associated with our investment in partnership, U.S. net operating losses, interest limitations, and tax credit carryforwards are realizable. We therefore reduced the valuation allowance accordingly in the second quarter of 2023. We maintain a partial valuation allowance on our investments in partnership related to the portion of the basis difference that will only reverse upon the sale of our interests, which would result in a capital loss that we do not expect to be able to utilize. Certain tax attributes remain subject to an annual limitation under Section 382 of the IRC as a result of the historical acquisitions.

During the second quarter of 2023, we received a refund associated with our 2021 tax filing in the amount of $7.8 million, including interest, for which a long-term liability was established.

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Vivid Seats INC.

NOTES to the CONDENSED Consolidated Financial Statements

(UNAUDITED)

Tax Receivable Agreement

In connection with the Merger Transaction, we entered into a Tax Receivable Agreement with the existing Hoya Intermediate shareholders that will provide for payment to Hoya Intermediate shareholders of 85% of the amount of the tax savings, if any, that we realize (or, under certain circumstances, are deemed to realize) as a result of, or attributable to, (i) increases in the tax basis of assets owned directly or indirectly by Hoya Intermediate or its subsidiaries from, among other things, any redemptions or exchanges of Intermediate Units (ii) existing tax basis (including depreciation and amortization deductions arising from such tax basis) in long-lived assets owned directly or indirectly by Hoya Intermediate and its subsidiaries, and (iii) certain other tax benefits (including deductions in respect of imputed interest) related to VSI making payments under the Tax Receivable Agreement.

In conjunction with the Secondary Offering in the second quarter of 2023, Hoya Topco exchanged Intermediate Units, and as a result, we now have an obligation to make payments pursuant to the Tax Receivable Agreement. The increase in deferred tax assets, the Tax Receivable Agreement liability, and additional reduction in paid-in capital resulting from the Secondary Offering was $52.8 million, $99.0 million, and $46.1 million, respectively. Payments pursuant to the Tax Receivable Agreement relating to the Secondary Offering are expected to begin during the year ending December 31, 2024.

Amounts payable under the Tax Receivable Agreement are contingent upon the generation of future taxable income over the term of the Tax Receivable Agreement and future changes in tax laws. If we do not generate sufficient taxable income in the aggregate over the term of the Tax Receivable Agreement to utilize the tax benefits, then we would not be required to make the related payments. As of September 30, 2023, we estimate that the tax savings associated with all tax attributes described above would aggregate to approximately $116.4 million. Under this scenario we would be required to pay approximately 85% of such amount, or $99.0 million, primarily over the next 15 years. As of September 30, 2023, there were no amounts due within 12 months.

17. Equity-Based Compensation

The 2021 Incentive Award Plan ("2021 Plan") was approved and adopted in order to facilitate the grant of equity incentive awards to our employees, directors and consultants. The 2021 Plan became effective on October 18, 2021 upon closing of the Merger Transaction.

Restricted Stock Units ("RSUs")

In March 2023, we granted 2.5 million RSUs to certain employees at a weighted average grant date fair value of $7.17 per share. In May 2023, we granted less than 0.1 million RSUs to certain employees at a weighted average grant date fair value of $7.67 per share. In August 2023, we granted 0.1 million RSUs to certain employees at a weighted average grant date fair value of $7.45 per share. RSUs granted to employees vest over three years, with one-third vesting on the one-year anniversary of the grant date and the remaining portion vesting on a quarterly basis thereafter, subject to the employee’s continued employment through the applicable vesting date.

In June 2023, we granted 0.1 million RSUs to our directors at a weighted average grant date fair value of $7.68 per share. RSUs granted to directors fully vest on the earlier of (i) one day prior to the date of our first annual meeting of stockholders following the grant date and (ii) the one-year anniversary of the grant date, subject to the director's continued service on our Board.

In June 2023, we granted less than 0.1 million RSUs to certain consultants at a weighted average grant date fair value of $7.98 per share. RSUs granted to consultants vest in equal annual installments over three years, subject to the consultant's continued service.

We account for forfeitures of outstanding, but unvested grants, in the period they occur. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, less than 0.1 million and 0.2 million RSUs were forfeited, respectively. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, 0.2 million and 0.3 million RSUs were forfeited, respectively.

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Vivid Seats INC.

NOTES to the CONDENSED Consolidated Financial Statements

(UNAUDITED)

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, 0.3 million and 1.0 million RSUs vested, respectively. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, 0.1 million and 0.2 million RSUs vested, respectively. At September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, there were 4.1 million and 2.6 million RSUs outstanding, respectively.

Stock options

In March 2023, we granted 3.6 million stock options to certain employees at an exercise price of $7.17. The grant date fair value of the stock options is $3.30 per option. Stock options provide for the purchase of shares of our Class A common stock in the future at an exercise price set on the grant date. These stock options vest over three years, with one-third vesting on the one-year anniversary of the grant date and the remaining portion vesting on a quarterly basis thereafter. The stock options have a contractual term of ten years from the grant date, subject to the employee’s continued employment through the applicable vesting date. The fair value of stock options granted is estimated on the grant date using the Black-Scholes model.

In June 2023, we granted 0.9 million stock options divided into three tranches, 0.2 million, 0.3 million and 0.4 million, respectively, to certain consultants at exercise prices of $7.98, $17.00 and $23.00, respectively. The grant date fair value of the stock options is $3.22, $1.87 and $1.44 per option, respectively. Stock options provide for the purchase of shares of our Class A common stock in the future at an exercise price set on the grant date. These stock options vest in equal annual installments over three years. The stock options have a contractual term of seven years from the grant date, subject to the consultants' continued service through the applicable vesting date. The fair value of stock options granted is estimated on the grant date using the Hull White model.

The following assumptions were used to calculate the fair value of our stock options:

	June 14, 2023			March 10, 2023
Volatility		42.0	%		42.0	%
Expected term (years)		7.0			5.9
Risk-free rate		4.0	%		3.9	%
Dividend yield		0.0	%		0.0	%

At September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, there were 10.6 million and 6.1 million stock options outstanding, respectively. No stock options were exercised during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, zero and less than 0.1 million stock options were forfeited or expired, respectively. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, 0.4 million stock options were forfeited or expired.

Compensation expense

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, equity-based compensation expense related to RSUs was $3.9 million and $10.5 million, respectively, compared to $2.3 million and $6.0 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively. Unrecognized compensation expense relating to unvested RSUs as of September 30, 2023 was $35.8 million, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of approximately two years.

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, equity-based compensation expense related to stock options was $2.8 million and $7.3 million, respectively, compared to $1.7 million and $4.6 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively. Unrecognized compensation expense relating to unvested stock options as of September 30, 2023 was $25.4 million, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of approximately two years.

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, equity-based compensation expense related to profit interests was $1.0 million and $3.0 million, respectively. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022,

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Vivid Seats INC.

NOTES to the CONDENSED Consolidated Financial Statements

(UNAUDITED)

equity-based compensation expense related to profit interests was $1.1 million and $3.4 million, respectively. Unrecognized compensation expense relating to these profit interests as of September 30, 2023 was $1.6 million, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of approximately two years.

18. Earnings Per Share

We calculate basic and diluted net income per share of Class A common stock in accordance with ASC 260, Earnings per Share. Our Class B common stock does not have economic rights in our Company and, as a result, is not considered a participating security for basic and diluted income per share. As such, basic and diluted income per share of our Class B common stock has not been presented. However, holders of our Class B common stock are allocated income in Hoya Intermediate (our operating entity) according to their weighted average percentage ownership of Intermediate Units during each quarter.

Net income attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests is calculated by multiplying Hoya Intermediate's net income for each quarterly period by Hoya Topco's weighted average percentage ownership of Intermediate Units during the period. Hoya Topco has the right to exchange its Intermediate Units for shares of our Class A common stock on a one-to-one basis or for cash proceeds of equal value at the time of redemption. The option to redeem Intermediate Units for cash proceeds must be approved by our Board, which as of September 30, 2023, is controlled by investors in Hoya Topco. The ability to put Intermediate Units is solely within the control of the holder of the redeemable noncontrolling interests. If Hoya Topco elects for a redemption to be settled in cash, the cash used to settle the redemption must be funded through a private or public offering of our Class A common stock and is subject to our Board's approval.

The following table provides net income attributable to Hoya Topco's redeemable noncontrolling interests (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023			2022			2023			2022
Net income—Hoya Intermediate	$	17,672		$	18,761		$	61,674		$	45,963
Hoya Topco’s weighted average % allocation of Hoya Intermediate's net income		52.9	%		59.1	%		56.8	%		59.5	%
Net income attributable to Hoya Topco's redeemable noncontrolling interests	$	9,341		$	11,084		$	35,045		$	27,368

Net income attributable to Class A common stockholders–basic is calculated by subtracting the portion of Hoya Intermediate's net income attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests from our total net income, which includes our net income for activities outside of our investment in Hoya Intermediate as well as the full results of Hoya Intermediate on a consolidated basis.

Net income per Class A common stock–diluted is based on the average number of shares of our Class A common stock used for the basic earnings per share calculation, adjusted for the weighted-average number of Class A common share equivalents outstanding for the period determined using the treasury stock method and if-converted method, as applicable. Net income attributable to Class A common stockholders–diluted is adjusted for (i) our share of Hoya Intermediate’s consolidated net income after giving effect to Intermediate Units that convert into potential shares of our Class A common stock, to the extent it is dilutive, and (ii) the impact of changes in the fair value of Hoya Intermediate Warrants, to the extent they are dilutive.

The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted net income per share of Class A common stock for the periods in which shares of our Class A and Class B common stock were outstanding (in thousands, except share and per share data):

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Vivid Seats INC.

NOTES to the CONDENSED Consolidated Financial Statements

(UNAUDITED)

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Numerator—basic:
Net income	$	16,018	$	18,747	$	84,616	$	45,945
Less: Income attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests		9,341		11,084		35,045		27,368
Net income attributable to Class A Common Stockholders—basic		6,677		7,663		49,571		18,577
Denominator—basic:
Weighted average Class A common stock outstanding—basic		96,407,327		81,996,447		86,403,617		80,145,329
Net income per Class A common stock—basic	$	0.07	$	0.09	$	0.57	$	0.23
Numerator—diluted:
Net income attributable to Class A Common Stockholders—basic	$	6,677	$	7,663	$	49,571	$	18,577
Net income effect of dilutive securities:
Effect of Exercise Warrants		—		—		—		—
Effect of RSUs		15		1		68		—
Effect of noncontrolling interests		—		—		33,874		27,368
Net income attributable to Class A Common Stockholders—diluted		6,692		7,664		83,513		45,945
Denominator—diluted:
Weighted average Class A common stock outstanding—basic		96,407,327		81,996,447		86,403,617		80,145,329
Weighted average effect of dilutive securities:
Effect of Noncontrolling Interests		—		—		109,514,286		118,200,000
Effect of Exercise Warrants		—		—		—		345,208
Effect of RSUs		455,572		27,016		389,828		19,232
Weighted average Class A common stock outstanding—diluted		96,862,899		82,023,463		196,307,731		198,709,769
Net income per Class A common stock—diluted	$	0.07	$	0.09	$	0.43	$	0.23

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Vivid Seats INC.

NOTES to the CONDENSED Consolidated Financial Statements

(UNAUDITED)

Potential shares of our Class A common stock are excluded from the computation of diluted net income per share of Class A common stock if their effect would have been anti-dilutive for the period presented or if the issuance of shares is contingent upon events that did not occur by the end of the period. The dilution reflected in diluted net income per share of Class A common stock during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 relates primarily to an assumed conversion of our noncontrolling interests to shares of our Class A common stock, which would not have a commensurate effect on net income, primarily due to the release of the valuation allowance which benefit is attributable to Vivid Seats Inc. only.

The following table presents potentially dilutive securities excluded from the computation of diluted net income per share of Class A common stock for the periods presented that could potentially dilute earnings per share in the future:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
RSUs		1,576,861		2,446,014		857,813		1,273,638
Stock options		10,597,528		6,239,307		10,597,528		6,239,607
Public Warrants and Private Warrants		13,286,644		13,286,644		13,286,644		13,286,644
Exercise Warrants		34,000,000		34,000,000		34,000,000		17,000,000
Hoya Intermediate Warrants		6,000,000		6,000,000		6,000,000		6,000,000
Noncontrolling Interests		99,800,000		118,200,000		—		—

19. Subsequent Events

On November 3, 2023, we entered into a definitive agreement to acquire 100% ownership of VDC Holdco, LLC, the indirect parent company of Vegas.com, LLC, a leading entertainment marketplace for consumers exploring Las Vegas, Nevada. The agreed upon purchase price was approximately $243.8 million, which is subject to customary closing adjustments, comprised of approximately $153.6 million in cash and approximately 15.6 million shares of our Class A common stock (calculated based on a price per share of $5.80, representing the average daily volume weighted price per share for each of the five consecutive trading days ending on and including November 2, 2023). The transaction also closed on November 3, 2023. We financed the cash portion of the purchase price with cash on hand.

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VIVID SEATS INC.

Item 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

This discussion and analysis is intended to help readers understand our results of operations and financial condition and is provided as an addition to, and should be read together with, our condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes included elsewhere in this Report, as well as our consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes contained in our 2022 Form 10-K. This discussion contains forward-looking statements, which are subject to a number of risks and uncertainties. Important factors that could cause actual results or outcomes to differ materially from those anticipated in the forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, those set forth in the “Risk Factors” sections of this Report, our 2022 Form 10-K and our other filings with the SEC.

Overview

We are an online ticket marketplace that utilizes our technology platform to connect fans of live events seamlessly with ticket sellers. Our mission is to empower and enable fans to Experience It Live. We believe in the power of shared experiences to connect people with live events delivering some of life’s most exciting moments. We operate a technology platform and marketplace that enables ticket buyers to easily discover and purchase tickets from ticket sellers while enabling ticket sellers to seamlessly manage their operations. We differentiate from competitors by offering an extensive breadth and depth of ticket listings at a competitive value. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, our revenues were $188.1 million and $514.6 million, respectively, and our Marketplace Gross Order Value ("Marketplace GOV") was $998.9 million and $2,808.2 million, respectively. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, our revenues were $156.8 million and $435.3 million, respectively, and our Marketplace GOV was $781.8 million and $2,338.8 million, respectively. Our net income was $16.0 million and $84.6 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively, and $18.7 million and $45.9 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively.

Our Business Model

We operate our business in two segments, Marketplace and Resale.

Marketplace

In our Marketplace segment, we act as an intermediary between ticket buyers and sellers. We earn revenue processing ticket sales from our Owned Properties, consisting of our websites and mobile applications, and from our Private Label Offering, which is comprised of numerous distribution partners. Our Marketplace segment also includes our daily fantasy sports offering, where users partake in contests by making picks from a variety of sport and player matchups. Using our online platform, we facilitate customer payments, deposits and withdrawals, coordinate ticket deliveries, and provide customer service to our ticket buyers and sellers and daily fantasy sports users. We do not hold ticket inventory in our Marketplace segment.

We primarily earn revenue from service and delivery fees charged to ticket buyers. We also earn referral fee revenue by offering event ticket insurance to ticket buyers, using a third-party insurance provider. The revenue we earn from our daily fantasy sports offering is the difference between cash entry fees collected and cash amounts paid out to users for winning picks, less customer promotions and incentives in a period.

We incur costs for developing and maintaining our platform, providing back-office and customer support to ticket buyers, sellers and daily fantasy sports users, facilitating payments and deposits, and shipping non-electronic tickets. We also incur substantial marketing costs, primarily related to online advertising.

A key component of our platform is Skybox, a proprietary enterprise resource planning ("ERP") tool used by the majority of our ticket sellers. Skybox is a free-to-use system that helps ticket sellers manage ticket inventories, adjust pricing, and fulfill orders across multiple ticket resale marketplaces. Professional ticket sellers use an ERP to manage their operations, and Skybox is their most widely adopted ERP.

Resale

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In our Resale segment, we acquire tickets to resell on secondary ticketing marketplaces, including our own. Our Resale segment also provides internal research and development support for Skybox and our ongoing efforts to deliver industry-leading seller software and tools.

Key Business Metrics and Non-GAAP Financial Measure

We use the following metrics to evaluate our performance, identify trends, formulate financial projections, and make strategic decisions. We believe these metrics provide useful information to investors and others in understanding and evaluating our results of operations in the same manner as our management team.

The following table summarizes our key business metrics and non-GAAP financial measure (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Marketplace GOV(1)	$	998,933	$	781,834	$	2,808,200	$	2,338,789
Total Marketplace orders(2)		3,022		2,572		7,924		7,001
Total Resale orders(3)		110		90		273		225
Adjusted EBITDA(4)	$	33,367	$	28,284	$	106,879	$	79,625

(1)Marketplace GOV represents the total transactional amount of Marketplace segment orders placed on our platform in a period, inclusive of fees, exclusive of taxes, and net of event cancellations that occurred during that period. Marketplace GOV was negatively impacted by event cancellations in the amount of $10.1 million and $33.9 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively, and $13.8 million and $63.3 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively.

(2)Total Marketplace orders represents the volume of Marketplace segment orders placed on our platform in a period, net of event cancellations that occurred during that period. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, our Marketplace segment experienced 28,203 and 78,034 event cancellations, respectively, compared to 42,942 and 170,258 event cancellations during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively.

(3)Total Resale orders represents the volume of Resale segment orders in a period, net of event cancellations that occurred during that period. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, our Resale segment experienced 851 and 2,363 event cancellations, respectively, compared to 1,113 and 4,383 event cancellations during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively.

(4)Adjusted EBITDA is a non-GAAP financial measure. We believe Adjusted EBITDA provides useful information to investors and others in understanding and evaluating our results of operations, as well as provides a useful measure for making period-to-period comparisons of our business performance. Refer to the “Adjusted EBITDA” section below for more information and a reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA to its most directly comparable GAAP measure.

Marketplace GOV

Marketplace GOV is a key driver of our Marketplace segment revenue. Marketplace GOV represents the total transactional amount of Marketplace orders in a period, inclusive of fees, exclusive of taxes, and net of event cancellations that occurred during that period. Marketplace GOV reflects our ability to attract and retain customers, as well as the overall health of the industry.

Our Marketplace GOV is impacted by seasonality, and typically sees increased activity in the fourth quarter when all major sports leagues are in season and we experience increases in order volume for theater events during the holiday season and concert on-sales for the subsequent year. Quarterly fluctuations in our Marketplace GOV result

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from the number of cancellations, the popularity and demand of performers, tours, teams, and events, and the length and team composition of sports playoff series and championship games.

Total Marketplace Orders

Total Marketplace orders represent the volume of Marketplace segment orders placed on our platform in a period, net of event cancellations that occurred during that period. An order can include one or more tickets and/or parking passes. Total Marketplace orders allow us to monitor order volume and better identify trends within our Marketplace segment.

Total Resale Orders

Total Resale orders represent the volume of Resale segment orders in a period, net of event cancellations that occurred during that period. An order can include one or more tickets and/or parking passes. Total Resale orders allow us to monitor order volume and better identify trends within our Resale segment.

Adjusted EBITDA

We present Adjusted EBITDA, which is a non-GAAP financial measure, because it is a measure frequently used by analysts, investors, and other interested parties to evaluate companies in our industry. Further, we believe this measure is helpful in highlighting trends in our operating results because it excludes the impact of items that are outside the control of management or not reflective of ongoing performance related directly to the operation of our business.

Adjusted EBITDA is a key measure used by our management internally to make operating decisions, including those related to analyzing operating expenses, evaluating performance, and performing strategic planning and annual budgeting. Moreover, we believe Adjusted EBITDA provides useful information to investors and others in understanding and evaluating our results of operations, as well as provides a useful measure for making period-to-period comparisons of our business performance and highlighting trends in our operating results.

Adjusted EBITDA is not based on any comprehensive set of accounting rules or principles and should not be considered a substitute for, or superior to, financial measures calculated in accordance with GAAP. Adjusted EBITDA does not reflect all amounts associated with our operating results as determined in accordance with GAAP and may exclude recurring costs, such as interest expense, equity-based compensation, litigation, settlements and related costs, change in fair value of warrants, change in fair value of derivative assets and foreign currency revaluation (gains)/losses. In addition, other companies may calculate Adjusted EBITDA differently than us, thereby limiting its usefulness as a comparative tool. We compensate for these limitations by providing specific information regarding the GAAP amounts excluded from Adjusted EBITDA.

The following is a reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA to its most directly comparable GAAP measure, net income (in thousands):

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	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023			2022			2023			2022
Net income	$	16,018		$	18,747		$	84,616		$	45,945
Income tax expense (benefit)		2,595			118			(21,605	)		194
Interest expense – net		2,544			2,901			8,596			9,542
Depreciation and amortization		3,301			2,158			8,603			5,269
Sales tax liability(1)		—			(118	)		—			2,814
Transaction costs(2)		2,290			538			7,234			4,285
Equity-based compensation(3)		7,578			5,073			20,488			13,982
Loss on extinguishment of debt(4)		—			—			—			4,285
Litigation, settlements and related costs(5)		26			89			260			1,084
Change in fair value of warrants(6)		(1,664	)		(65	)		(991	)		(6,618	)
Change in fair value of derivative asset(7)		83			—			83			—
Change in fair value of contingent consideration(8)		20			(1,220	)		(998	)		(1,220	)
Loss on asset disposals(9)		34			63			51			63
Foreign currency revaluation losses(10)		542			—			542			—
Adjusted EBITDA	$	33,367		$	28,284		$	106,879		$	79,625

(1)We have historically incurred sales tax expense in jurisdictions where we expected to remit sales tax payments but were not yet collecting from customers. During the second half of 2021, we began collecting sales tax from customers in the required jurisdictions. The sales tax liability presented herein represents the tax liability for sales tax prior to the date we began collecting sales tax from customers reduced by abatements received, inclusive of any penalties and interest assessed by the jurisdictions. The remaining historic sales tax liability payments were made during the year ended December 31, 2022.

(2)This consists of legal, accounting, tax and other professional fees; personnel-related costs, which consist of retention bonuses; and integration costs. Transaction costs recognized in 2023 were primarily related to the Secondary Offering and our acquisitions and strategic investments. Transaction costs recognized in 2022 were primarily related to our acquisitions and strategic investments, the refinancing of the June 2017 First Lien Loan with the February 2022 First Lien Loan and our exchange offering of shares of our Class A common stock for properly tendered public warrants.

(3)We incur equity-based compensation expenses for profits interests issued prior to the Merger Transaction and equity granted pursuant to the 2021 Plan, which we do not consider to be indicative of our core operating performance.

(4)Losses incurred resulted from the extinguishment of the June 2017 First Lien Loan in February 2022.

(5)This relates to external legal costs, settlement costs and insurance recoveries, which were unrelated to our core business operations.

(6)This relates to the revaluation of warrants to purchase Intermediate Units held by Hoya Topco following the Merger Transaction.

(7)This relates to the revaluation of derivatives recorded at fair value.

(8)This relates to the revaluation of Vivid Picks cash earnouts.

(9)This relates to asset disposals, which are not considered indicative of our core operating performance.

(10)This relates to unrealized foreign currency revaluation losses from the remeasurement of non-operating assets and liabilities denominated in non-functional currencies on the balance sheet date.

Key Factors Affecting our Performance

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There have been no material changes from the “Key Factors Affecting Our Performance” discussed in the “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” section of our 2022 Form 10-K. Our financial position and results of operations depend to a significant extent on those factors.

Recent Developments

Business Acquisition

On September 8, 2023 (the "Acquisition Date"), we acquired 100% of the outstanding shares of WD Holdings Co., Ltd. ("Wavedash"), an online ticket marketplace headquartered in Tokyo, Japan. The purchase price was JPY 10,946.1 million, or approximately $74.3 million based on the exchange rate in effect on the Acquisition Date, before considering the net effect of cash acquired. We financed the transaction at closing with cash on hand. The acquisition was accounted for as an acquisition of a business in accordance with the acquisition method of accounting.

Results of Operations

Comparison of the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 and 2022

The following table sets forth our results of operations (in thousands, except percentages):

	Three Months Ended September 30,												Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023			2022			Change			% Change			2023			2022			Change			% Change
Revenues	$	188,133		$	156,818		$	31,315			20	%	$	514,576		$	435,284		$	79,292			18	%
Costs and expenses:
Cost of revenues (exclusive of depreciation and amortization shown separately below)		50,462			37,617			12,845			34	%		130,838			102,203			28,635			28	%
Marketing and selling		77,006			66,323			10,683			16	%		196,970			179,963			17,007			9	%
General and administrative		37,225			30,239			6,986			23	%		107,921			95,721			12,200			13	%
Depreciation and amortization		3,301			2,158			1,143			53	%		8,603			5,269			3,334			63	%
Change in fair value of contingent consideration		20			(1,220	)		1,240			102	%		(998	)		(1,220	)		222			18	%
Income from operations		20,119			21,701			(1,582	)		(7	)%		71,242			53,348			17,894			34	%
Other (income) expense:
Interest expense – net		2,544			2,901			(357	)		(12	)%		8,596			9,542			(946	)		(10	)%
Loss on extinguishment of debt		—			—			—			—	%		—			4,285			(4,285	)		(100	)%
Other (income) expense		(1,038	)		(65	)		(973	)		(1,497	)%		(365	)		(6,618	)		6,253			94	%
Income before income taxes		18,613			18,865			(252	)		(1	)%		63,011			46,139			16,872			37	%
Income tax expense (benefit)		2,595			118			2,477			2,099	%		(21,605	)		194			(21,799	)		(11,237	)%
Net income		16,018			18,747			(2,729	)		(15	)%		84,616			45,945			38,671			84	%
Net income attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests		9,341			11,084			(1,743	)		(16	)%		35,045			27,368			7,677			28	%
Net income attributable to Class A Common Stockholders	$	6,677		$	7,663		$	(986	)		(13	)%	$	49,571		$	18,577		$	30,994			167	%

Revenues

The following table presents revenues by segment (in thousands, except percentages):

	Three Months Ended September 30,									Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023		2022		Change		% Change			2023		2022		Change		% Change
Revenues:
Marketplace	$	154,388	$	130,542	$	23,846		18	%	$	430,119	$	370,972	$	59,147		16	%
Resale		33,745		26,276		7,469		28	%		84,457		64,312		20,145		31	%
Total revenues	$	188,133	$	156,818	$	31,315		20	%	$	514,576	$	435,284	$	79,292		18	%

Total revenues increased $31.3 million, or 20%, during the three months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2022 and increased $79.3 million, or 18%, during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2022. The increase, which occurred in both

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our Marketplace and Resale segments, resulted primarily from an increase in new orders processed and an increase in average order size, which is calculated by dividing Marketplace GOV by Total Marketplace Orders.

Marketplace

The following table presents Marketplace revenues by event category (in thousands, except percentages):

	Three Months Ended September 30,										Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023		2022		Change			% Change			2023		2022		Change			% Change
Revenues:
Concerts	$	87,142	$	63,802	$	23,340			37	%	$	239,762	$	188,291	$	51,471			27	%
Sports		52,169		52,812		(643	)		(1	)%		143,118		143,012		106			0	%
Theater		14,788		13,526		1,262			9	%		45,705		37,997		7,708			20	%
Other		289		402		(113	)		(28	)%		1,534		1,672		(138	)		(8	)%
Total Marketplace revenues	$	154,388	$	130,542	$	23,846			18	%	$	430,119	$	370,972	$	59,147			16	%

Marketplace revenues increased $23.8 million, or 18%, during the three months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2022 and increased $59.1 million, or 16%, during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2022. The increase resulted primarily from an increase in new orders processed and an increase in average order size, especially in our concerts event category.

Total Marketplace orders increased 449,784, or 17%, during the three months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2022 and increased 922,788, or 13%, during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2022.

Cancellation charges, which are typically recognized as a reduction of revenues, represented a $1.0 million increase to revenue for the three months ended September 30, 2023 compared to a $3.0 million reduction for the three months ended September 30, 2022, and a $7.6 million reduction to revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to a $24.0 million reduction for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. Cancellation charges for the three months ended September 30, 2023 were lower than the three months ended September 30, 2022 due to higher store credit breakage. Cancellation charges for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 were lower than the nine months ended September 30, 2022 due to higher store credit breakage and negative impacts in early 2022 from abnormally high cancellations.

Marketplace revenues by business model consisted of the following (in thousands, except percentages):

	Three Months Ended September 30,									Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023		2022		Change		% Change			2023		2022		Change		% Change
Revenues:
Owned Properties	$	122,778	$	106,597	$	16,181		15	%	$	329,006	$	288,827	$	40,179		14	%
Private Label		31,610		23,945		7,665		32	%		101,113		82,145		18,968		23	%
Total Marketplace revenues	$	154,388	$	130,542	$	23,846		18	%	$	430,119	$	370,972	$	59,147		16	%

The increase in revenue from Owned Properties during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 resulted primarily from an increase in new orders processed and an increase in average order size.

Within our Marketplace segment, we also earn referral fee revenue by offering event ticket insurance to ticket buyers, using a third-party insurance provider. Our referral fee revenue was $7.3 million and $21.9 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively, and $7.6 million and $25.9 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively. The decrease for both periods was due to declining insurance attachment rates to orders following abnormally high rates during the height of the COVID-19 pandemic and following the resumption of live events in 2021 and 2022.

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Resale

Resale revenues increased $7.5 million, or 28%, during the three months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2022 and increased $20.1 million, or 31%, during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the nine months ended September 30 2022. The increase resulted primarily from higher order volume.

Total Resale orders increased 20,031, or 22%, during the three months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2022 and increased 48,276, or 21%, during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2022. Cancellation charges, which are classified as a reduction of revenues, negatively impacted Resale revenue by $0.3 million and $1.0 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively, compared to less than $0.1 million and $0.6 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively, due to an increase in the reserve for future cancellations.

Cost of Revenues (exclusive of Depreciation and Amortization)

The following table presents cost of revenues by segment (in thousands, except percentages):

	Three Months Ended September 30,									Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023		2022		Change		% Change			2023		2022		Change		% Change
Cost of revenues:
Marketplace	$	23,923	$	17,950	$	5,973		33	%	$	66,749	$	52,912	$	13,837		26	%
Resale		26,539		19,667		6,872		35	%		64,089		49,291		14,798		30	%
Total cost of revenues	$	50,462	$	37,617	$	12,845		34	%	$	130,838	$	102,203	$	28,635		28	%

Total cost of revenues increased $12.8 million, or 34%, for the three months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2022, and increased $28.6 million, or 28%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2022. The increase was primarily driven by higher Marketplace GOV in our Marketplace segment and higher revenue in our Resale segment.

Marketplace

Marketplace cost of revenues increased $6.0 million, or 33%, for the three months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2022, and increased $13.8 million, or 26%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2022. The increase was relatively consistent with the increase in Marketplace GOV, which increased by 28% and 20% during the same respective periods.

Resale

Resale cost of revenues increased $6.9 million, or 35%, for the three months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2022, which was higher than the 28% increase in Resale revenues over the same period, due to event category mix. Resale cost of revenues increased $14.8 million, or 30%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2022. The increase was relatively consistent with the 31% increase in Resale revenues over the same period.

Marketing and Selling

The following table presents marketing and selling expenses (in thousands, except percentages):

	Three Months Ended September 30,									Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023		2022		Change		% Change			2023		2022		Change		% Change
Marketing and selling:
Online	$	66,226	$	59,774	$	6,452		11	%	$	174,224	$	164,444	$	9,780		6	%
Offline		10,780		6,549		4,231		65	%		22,746		15,519		7,227		47	%
Total marketing and selling	$	77,006	$	66,323	$	10,683		16	%	$	196,970	$	179,963	$	17,007		9	%

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Marketing and selling expenses, which are entirely attributable to our Marketplace segment, increased $10.7 million, or 16%, during the three months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2022, and increased $17.0 million, or 9%, during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2022. The increase resulted from greater spending on online advertising, attributable to higher Marketplace GOV, and higher spending on offline advertising, attributable to increased brand marketing and partnership efforts to further cultivate brand awareness and affinity.

General and Administrative

The following table presents general and administrative expenses (in thousands, except percentages):

	Three Months Ended September 30,									Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023		2022		Change		% Change			2023		2022		Change			% Change
General and administrative:
Personnel expenses	$	27,740	$	22,251	$	5,489		25	%	$	78,791	$	64,685	$	14,106			22	%
Non-income tax expenses		472		177		295		167	%		1,426		3,859		(2,433	)		(63	)%
Other		9,013		7,811		1,202		15	%		27,704		27,177		527			2	%
Total general and administrative	$	37,225	$	30,239	$	6,986		23	%	$	107,921	$	95,721	$	12,200			13	%

Total general and administrative expenses increased $7.0 million, or 23%, for the three months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2022, and increased $12.2 million, or 13%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2022. The increase was primarily due to higher personnel expenses from higher equity-based compensation expense and from higher employee headcount.

Depreciation and Amortization

Depreciation and amortization expenses increased $1.1 million, or 53%, during the three months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2022 and increased $3.3 million, or 63%, during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2022. The increase was primarily related to an increase in development activities related to our platform and the intangibles acquired as part of our acquisition of Betcha (which was rebranded as "Vivid Picks").

Change in Fair Value of Contingent Consideration

Change in fair value of contingent consideration was less than $0.1 million and $1.0 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively, due to the fair value remeasurement of cash earnouts.

Other (Income) Expense

Interest expense – net

Interest expense decreased $0.4 million, or 12%, for the three months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2022 and decreased $0.9 million, or 10%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2022 due to higher interest income.

Loss on extinguishment of debt

Loss on extinguishment of debt was $4.3 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 due to the refinancing of the June 2017 First Lien Loan with the February 2022 First Lien Loan. There was no loss on extinguishment of debt for the nine months ended September 30, 2023.

Other (income) expense

Other income increased $1.0 million, or 1,497%, for the three months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2022 and decreased $6.3 million, or 94%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2022, primarily due to the fair value remeasurement

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of the Hoya Intermediate Warrants and foreign currency revaluation losses due to unrealized losses arising from the remeasurement of non-operating assets and liabilities denominated in non-functional currencies on the balance sheet date.

Income tax expense (benefit)

Income tax expense was $2.6 million during the three months ended September 30, 2023 and income tax benefit was $21.6 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 largely due to the impact of noncontrolling interests and the release of our valuation allowance on our U.S. net operating losses, interest limitations, and tax credit carryforwards.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

We have historically financed our operations primarily through cash generated from our operating activities. Our primary short-term requirements for liquidity and capital are to fund general working capital, capital expenditures, and debt service requirements. Our primary long-term liquidity needs are related to debt repayment and potential acquisitions.

Our primary source of funds is cash generated from operations. Our existing cash and cash equivalents are sufficient to fund our liquidity needs for at least the next 12 months. As of September 30, 2023, we had $268.7 million of cash and cash equivalents, which consist of interest-bearing deposit accounts, money market accounts managed by financial institutions, and highly liquid investments with maturities of three months or less. For the nine months ended September 30, 2023, we generated positive cash flows from our operating activities.

Loan agreements

We had an outstanding loan balance of $465.7 million under the June 2017 First Lien Loan as of December 31, 2021. In the first quarter of 2022, we repaid $190.7 million of the outstanding balance of the June 2017 First Lien Loan. On February 3, 2022, we entered into an amendment which refinanced the remaining balance of the June 2017 First Lien Loan with a new $275.0 million February 2022 First Lien Loan with a maturity date of February 3, 2029, and added a new $100.0 million Revolving Facility with a maturity date of February 3, 2027. The terms of the February 2022 First Lien Loan specify a SOFR-based floating interest rate and contain a springing financial covenant that requires compliance with a first lien net leverage ratio when revolver borrowings exceed certain levels. All obligations under the February 2022 First Lien Loan are unconditionally guaranteed by Hoya Intermediate and substantially all of Hoya Intermediate’s existing and future direct and indirect wholly owned domestic subsidiaries. The February 2022 First Lien Loan requires quarterly amortization payments of $0.7 million. The Revolving Facility does not require periodic payments. All obligations under the February 2022 First Lien Loan are secured, subject to permitted liens and other exceptions, by first-priority perfected security interests in substantially all of our assets. The February 2022 First Lien Loan carries an interest rate of SOFR (subject to a 0.5% floor) plus 3.25%.

In connection with our acquisition of Wavedash, we assumed long-term debt from Shoko Chukin Bank Loan of JPY 458.3 million (approximately $3.1 million), which has a maturity date of June 24, 2026, subject to a fixed interest rate of 1.27% per annum.

As of September 30, 2023, we have the February 2022 First Lien Loan and Shoko Chukin Bank Loan outstanding. At September 30, 2023, we had no outstanding borrowings under our Revolving Facility.

Share Repurchase Program

On May 25, 2022, our Board authorized the Repurchase Program. The Repurchase Program was announced on May 26, 2022 and its authorization was fully utilized during 2022 and the three months ended March 31, 2023. Cumulatively under the Repurchase Program, we repurchased 5.3 million shares of our Class A common stock for $40.0 million and paid $0.1 million in commissions. The share repurchases are accounted for as Treasury stock in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. We made no share repurchases during the three months ended September 30, 2023.

Distributions to non-controlling interests

36

Per its Limited Liability Company Agreement, Hoya Intermediate is required to make pro-rata tax distributions to its members, of which zero and $11.0 million was distributed to non-controlling interests in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively.

Tax Receivable Agreement

In connection with the Merger Transaction, we entered into a Tax Receivable Agreement with the existing Hoya Intermediate shareholders that provides for our payment to such shareholders of 85% of the amount of the tax savings, if any, that we realize (or, under certain circumstances, are deemed to realize) as a result of, or attributable to, (i) increases in the tax basis of assets owned directly or indirectly by Hoya Intermediate or its subsidiaries from, among other things, any redemptions or exchanges of Intermediate Units, (ii) existing tax basis (including depreciation and amortization deductions arising from such tax basis) in long-lived assets owned directly or indirectly by Hoya Intermediate and its subsidiaries, and (iii) certain other tax benefits (including deductions in respect of imputed interest) related to us making payments under the Tax Receivable Agreement.

In conjunction with the Secondary Offering in the second quarter of 2023, Hoya Topco exchanged Intermediate Units, and as a result, we recorded a liability of $99.0 million and a deferred tax asset of $52.8 million related to the Secondary Offering as well as the projected payments under the Tax Receivable Agreement, with a corresponding reduction to additional paid-in capital of $46.1 million. Tax Receivable Agreement-related liabilities are classified as current or long-term based on the expected date of payment. As of September 30, 2023, there are no amounts due within 12 months and, therefore, the entire liability is included in Tax Receivable Agreement liability within long-term liabilities in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Cash Flows

The following table summarizes our cash flows (in thousands):

	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023			2022
Net cash provided by operating activities	$	114,386		$	1,389
Net cash used in investing activities		(71,032	)		(11,888	)
Net cash used in financing activities		(26,696	)		(204,911	)
Impact of foreign exchange on cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash		786			—
Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash	$	17,444		$	(215,410	)

Cash Provided by Operating Activities

Net cash provided by operating activities was $114.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 due to $84.6 million in net income, non-cash charges of $6.1 million, and net cash inflows from a $23.6 million change in net operating assets. The net cash inflows from the change in our net operating assets were primarily due to an increase in amounts payable to ticket sellers due to higher volume of orders.

Net cash provided by operating activities was $1.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 due to $45.9 million in net income, non-cash charges of $18.2 million, and net cash outflows from a $62.7 million change in net operating assets. The net cash outflows from the change in our net operating liabilities were primarily due to decreases in accrued expenses and other current liabilities and accounts payable. The decreases resulted primarily from sales tax liability settlements, the redemption of customer credits issued during the COVID-19 pandemic, and a decrease in amounts payable to ticket sellers as events postponed during the COVID-19 pandemic finally occurred.

Cash Used in Investing Activities

Net cash used in investing activities was $71.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, which was primarily related to our acquisition of Wavedash, capital spending on development activities related to our platform and our investment in a privately held company.

37

Net cash used in investing activities was $11.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, which was primarily related to capital spending on development activities related to our platform.

Cash Used in Financing Activities

Net cash used in financing activities was $26.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, which was primarily related tax distributions to non-controlling interest and our Repurchase Program.

Net cash used in financing activities was $204.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, which was due to the repayment of the June 2017 First Lien Loan in connection with the refinancing.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Accounting policies and estimates are considered critical when they require management to make subjective and complex judgments, estimates and assumptions about matters that have a material impact on the presentation of our financial statements and accompanying notes. For a description of our critical accounting policies and estimates, refer to the “Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates” section of our 2022 Form 10-K. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, there were no material changes to our critical accounting policies from those discussed in our 2022 Form 10-K.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Refer to Note 2, New Accounting Standards, in the notes to our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Report for a description of recently adopted accounting pronouncements and issued accounting pronouncements not yet adopted.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

Market risk is the potential loss from adverse changes in interest rates, foreign exchange rates, and market prices. Our primary market risk is interest rate risk associated with our long-term debt. We manage our exposure to this risk through established policies and procedures. Our objective is to mitigate potential income statement, cash flow, and market exposures from changes in interest rates.

Interest Rate Risk

Our market risk is affected by changes in interest rates. We maintain floating-rate debt that bears interest based on market rates plus an applicable spread. Because our interest rate is tied to market rates, we will be susceptible to fluctuations in interest rates if we do not hedge the interest rate exposure arising from our floating-rate borrowings. A hypothetical 1% change in interest rates, assuming rates are above our interest rate floor, would change our interest expense by $2.1 million based on amounts outstanding under the February 2022 First Lien Loan during the nine months ended September 30, 2023.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Limitations on Effectiveness of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

In designing and evaluating our disclosure controls and procedures, management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives. In addition, the design of disclosure controls and procedures must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints and that management is required to apply judgment in evaluating the benefits of possible controls and procedures relative to their costs.

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act) are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in reports filed or submitted under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC's rules and forms,

38

and that such information is accumulated and communicated to management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures.

Our management, with the participation of our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act) as of the end of the period covered by this Report. Based on such evaluation, our principal executive officer and principal financial officer have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were not effective at reasonable assurance levels as of September 30, 2023 due to the reasons described below.

Material Weakness

In connection with the audit of our consolidated financial statements as of December 31, 2022, we identified a material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting related to the implementation of segregation of duties as part of our control activities, the establishment of clearly defined roles within our finance and accounting functions and the number of personnel in our finance and accounting functions with an appropriate level of technical accounting and SEC reporting experience, which in the aggregate, constitute a material weakness.

Remediation Activities

As part of our plan to remediate the material weakness described above, we are performing a full review of our internal control procedures. We have implemented, and plan to continue to implement, new controls and processes. We have hired, and plan to continue to hire, additional qualified personnel and establish more robust processes to support our internal control over financial reporting, including clearly defined roles and responsibilities and appropriate segregation of duties. During the three months ended September 30, 2023, we continued to make progress in our remediation of the material weakness. While progress has been made to enhance our internal control, additional time is required to complete implementation and to assess and ensure the sustainability of these controls. The material weakness will not be considered remediated until the applicable controls operate for a sufficient period of time and management has concluded, through testing, that these controls are operating effectively.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) during the three months ended September 30, 2023 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

Part II - Other Information

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

Refer to Note 14, Commitments and Contingencies, in the notes to our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Report.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

In addition to the other information set forth in this Report, you should carefully consider the factors discussed in the “Risk Factors” section of our 2022 Form 10-K. These factors could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition, liquidity, results of operations and capital position, and could cause our actual results to differ materially from our historical results or the results contemplated by any forward-looking statements contained in this Report. There have been no material changes from the risk factors disclosed in our 2022 Form 10-K.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities, Use of Proceeds, and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

None.

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities

None.

39

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

Item 5. Other Information

Insider Trading Arrangements

During the three months ended September 30, 2023, none of our directors or officers adopted or terminated any “Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement” or “non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement” (as each term is defined in Item 408 of Regulation S-K).

Item 6. Exhibits

		Incorporated by Reference
Exhibit Number	Description	Form	Exhibit	Filing Date	Filed / Furnished Herewith
2.1	Transaction Agreement dated April 21, 2021 among Horizon Acquisition Corporation, Horizon Sponsor, LLC, Hoya Topco, LLC, Hoya Intermediate, LLC and Vivid Seats Inc.	S-4	2.1	5/28/2021
2.2	Purchase, Sale and Redemption Agreement dated April 21, 2021 among Hoya Topco, LLC, Hoya Intermediate, LLC, Vivid Seats Inc., Crescent Mezzanine Partners VIB, L.P., Crescent Mezzanine Partners VIC, L.P., NPS/Crescent Strategic Partnership II, LP, CM7C VS Equity Holdings, LP, Crescent Mezzanine Partners VIIB, L.P., CM6B Vivid Equity, Inc., CM6C Vivid Equity, Inc., CM7C VS Equity, LLC, CM7B VS Equity, LLC, Crescent Mezzanine Partners VI, L.P., Crescent Mezzanine Partners VII, L.P., Crescent Mezzanine Partners VII (LTL), L.P., CBDC Universal Equity, Inc., Crescent Capital Group, LP and Horizon Acquisition Corporation	S-4	2.2	5/28/2021
2.3	Plan of Merger dated October 18, 2021 among Horizon Acquisition Corporation, Horizon Sponsor, LLC, Hoya Topco, LLC, Hoya Intermediate, LLC and Vivid Seats Inc.	10-Q	2.3	11/15/2021
3.1	Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation	8-K	3.1	10/22/2021
3.2	First Amendment to Amended and Restated Bylaws	10-Q	3.2	5/10/2022
3.3	Amended and Restated Bylaws	8-K	3.2	10/22/2021

40

4.1	Amended and Restated Warrant Agreement dated October 14, 2021 between Horizon Acquisition Corporation and Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company	8-K	10.7	10/22/2021
4.2	Specimen Class A Common Stock Certificate of Vivid Seats Inc.	10-K	4.2	3/15/2022
4.3	Specimen Warrant Certificate of Vivid Seats Inc.	10-K	4.3	3/15/2022
31.1	Certification of Principal Executive Officer Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) / 15d-14(a)				*
31.2	Certification of Principal Financial Officer Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) / 15d-14(a)				*
32.1	Certification of Principal Executive Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. 1350				**
32.2	Certification of Principal Financial Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. 1350				**
101.INS	Inline XBRL Instance Document – the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document				*
101.SCH	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document				*
101.CAL	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document				*
101.DEF	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document				*
101.LAB	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document				*
101.PRE	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document				*
104	Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL document)				*

* Filed herewith.

** Furnished herewith.

41

Signatures

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

Vivid Seats Inc.
By:	/s/ Stanley Chia
	Stanley Chia
	Chief Executive Officer
	November 7, 2023
By:	/s/ Lawrence Fey
	Lawrence Fey
	Chief Financial Officer
	November 7, 2023

42

EX-31.1

Exhibit 31.1

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

RULE 13a-14(a) / 15d-14(a) UNDER THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

I, Stanley Chia, certify that:

1.I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Vivid Seats Inc.;

2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4.The registrant's other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a)Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b)Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c)Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d)Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and

5.The registrant's other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a)All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b)Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.

Date: November 7, 2023	By:	/s/ Stanley Chia
		Stanley Chia
		Chief Executive Officer
		(Principal Executive Officer)

EX-31.2

Exhibit 31.2

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

RULE 13a-14(a) / 15d-14(a) UNDER THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

I, Lawrence Fey, certify that:

1.I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Vivid Seats Inc.;

2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4.The registrant's other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a)Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b)Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c)Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d)Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and

5.The registrant's other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a)All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b)Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.

Date: November 7, 2023	By:	/s/ Lawrence Fey
		Lawrence Fey
		Chief Financial Officer
		(Principal Financial Officer)

EX-32.1

Exhibit 32.1

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

18 U.S.C. 1350, AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Vivid Seats Inc. (the “Company”) for the period ended September 30, 2023 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Stanley Chia, Chief Executive Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350, as adopted pursuant to § 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that, to my knowledge:

(1)The Report fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

(2)The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

Date: November 7, 2023	By:	/s/ Stanley Chia
		Stanley Chia
		Chief Executive Officer
		(Principal Executive Officer)

A signed original of this written statement required by Section 906 has been provided to the Company and will be retained by the Company and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon request.

The foregoing certification is being furnished solely pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350 and is not being filed as a part of this report or on a separate disclosure document.

EX-32.2

Exhibit 32.2

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

18 U.S.C. 1350, AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Quarterly Report of Vivid Seats Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the period ending September 30, 2023 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Lawrence Fey, Chief Financial Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350, as adopted pursuant to § 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that, to such officer's knowledge:

(1)The Report fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

(2)The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

Date: November 7, 2023	By:	/s/ Lawrence Fey
		Lawrence Fey
		Chief Financial Officer
		(Principal Financial Officer)

A signed original of this written statement required by Section 906 has been provided to the Company and will be retained by the Company and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon request.

The foregoing certification is being furnished solely pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350 and is not being filed as a part of this report or on a separate disclosure document.

XML

Document and Entity Information - shares	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Oct. 31, 2023
Document Information [Line Items]
Document Type	10-Q
Entity Registrant Name	Vivid Seats Inc.
Entity Central Index Key	0001856031
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Entity Filer Category	Non-accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business	false
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Emerging Growth Company	true
Document Period End Date	Sep. 30, 2023
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2023
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q3
Amendment Flag	false
Entity File Number	001-40926
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	DE
Entity Tax Identification Number	86-3355184
Entity Address, Address Line One	24 E. Washington Street
Entity Address, Address Line Two	Suite 900
Entity Address, City or Town	Chicago
Entity Address, State or Province	IL
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	60602
City Area Code	312
Local Phone Number	291-9966
Document Quarterly Report	true
Document Transition Report	false
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Ex Transition Period	false
Class A Common Stock
Document Information [Line Items]
Trading Symbol	SEAT
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		96,609,670
Title of 12(b) Security	Class A common stock, par value $0.0001 per share
Security Exchange Name	NASDAQ
Class B Common Stock
Document Information [Line Items]
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		99,800,000
Warrants [Member]
Document Information [Line Items]
Trading Symbol	SEATW
Title of 12(b) Security	Warrants to purchase one share of Class A common stock
Security Exchange Name	NASDAQ

XML

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 268,678	$ 251,542
Restricted cash	1,056	748
Accounts receivable - net	64,829	36,531
Inventory - net	21,533	12,783
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	49,407	29,912
Total current assets	405,503	331,516
Property and equipment - net	10,240	10,431
Right-of-use assets - net	9,291	7,859
Intangible assets - net	113,873	81,976
Goodwill	759,971	715,258
Deferred tax assets	77,376	1,853
Investments	6,042	0
Other non-current assets	2,780	2,538
Total assets	1,385,076	1,151,431
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	219,118	161,312
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	197,247	181,970
Deferred revenue	34,447	31,983
Current maturities of long-term debt	3,308	2,750
Total current liabilities	454,120	378,015
Long-term debt - net	265,875	264,898
Long-term lease liabilities	15,931	14,911
Tax Receivable Agreement liability	98,977	0
Other non-current liabilities	29,745	13,445
Total long-term liabilities	410,528	293,254
Commitments and contingencies (Note 14)
Redeemable noncontrolling interests	640,717	862,860
Shareholders' deficit
Additional paid-in capital	884,523	663,908
Treasury stock, at cost, 5,291,497 and 4,342,477 shares at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively	(40,106)	(32,494)
Accumulated deficit	(964,561)	(1,014,132)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(166)	0
Total Shareholders' deficit	(120,289)	(382,698)
Total liabilities, Redeemable noncontrolling interests, and Shareholders' deficit	1,385,076	1,151,431
Class A Common Stock
Shareholders' deficit
Common Stock	11	8
Class B Common Stock
Shareholders' deficit
Common Stock	$ 10	$ 12

XML

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Parenthetical) - $ / shares	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Treasury stock, shares	5,291,497	4,342,477
Class A Common Stock
Common stock, par value	$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Common stock, shares authorized	500,000,000	500,000,000
Common stock, shares issued	101,803,392	82,410,774
Common stock, shares outstanding	101,803,392	82,410,774
Class B Common Stock
Common stock, par value	$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Common stock, shares authorized	250,000,000	250,000,000
Common stock, shares issued	99,800,000	118,200,000
Common stock, shares outstanding	99,800,000	118,200,000

XML

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Costs and expenses:
Depreciation and amortization			$ 8,603	$ 5,269
Change in fair value of contingent consideration			(998)	(1,220)
Other (income) expense:
Loss on extinguishment of debt			0	4,285
Net income	$ 17,672	$ 18,761	61,674	45,963
Net income attributable to Class A Common Stockholders	6,677	7,663
Hoya Intermediate, LLC
Revenues	188,133	156,818	514,576	435,284
Costs and expenses:
Cost of revenues (exclusive of depreciation and amortization shown separately below)	50,462	37,617	130,838	102,203
Marketing and selling	77,006	66,323	196,970	179,963
General and administrative	37,225	30,239	107,921	95,721
Depreciation and amortization	3,301	2,158	8,603	5,269
Change in fair value of contingent consideration	20	(1,220)	(998)	(1,220)
Income from operations	20,119	21,701	71,242	53,348
Other (income) expense:
Interest expense – net	2,544	2,901	8,596	9,542
Loss on extinguishment of debt	0	0	0	4,285
Other income	(1,038)	(65)	(365)	(6,618)
Income before income taxes	18,613	18,865	63,011	46,139
Income tax expense (benefit)	2,595	118	(21,605)	194
Net income	16,018	18,747	84,616	45,945
Net income attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests	9,341	11,084	35,045	27,368
Net income attributable to Class A Common Stockholders	$ 6,677	$ 7,663	$ 49,571	$ 18,577
Net income per Class A common stock:
Basic	$ 0	$ 0.09	$ 0	$ 0.23
Diluted	$ 0	$ 0.09	$ 0	$ 0.23
Weighted average Class A common stock outstanding:
Basic	96,407,327	81,996,447	86,403,617	80,145,329
Diluted	0	82,023,463	0	198,709,769

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Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Net income	$ 17,672	$ 18,761	$ 61,674	$ 45,963
Hoya Intermediate, LLC
Net income	16,018	18,747	84,616	45,945
Other comprehensive income:
Foreign currency translation adjustment	(374)	0	(374)	0
Comprehensive income, net of taxes	15,644	18,747	84,242	45,945
Comprehensive income attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests	9,341	11,084	35,045	27,368
Foreign currency translation adjustment attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests	(208)	0	(208)	0
Comprehensive income attributable to Class A Common Stockholders	$ 6,511	$ 7,663	$ 49,405	$ 18,577

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Condensed Consolidated Statements of Equity - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Total	Class A Common Stock	Class B Common Stock	Common Stock Class A Common Stock	Common Stock Class B Common Stock	Additional Paid-in Capital	Treasury Stock	Noncontrolling Interest	Accumulated Deficit	Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
Temporary equity, Balances at Dec. 31, 2021								$ 1,286,016
Balances, shares at Dec. 31, 2021				79,091,871	118,200,000
Balances at Dec. 31, 2021	$ (860,683)			$ 8	$ 12	$ 182,091			$ (1,042,794)	$ 0
Net income	1,259								1,259
Net income attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests								1,879
Issuance of shares, shares				75,072
Deemed contribution from former parent	463					463		691
Equity-based compensation	2,443					2,443
Temporary equity, Balances at Mar. 31, 2022								1,307,292
Subsequent remeasurement of Redeemable noncontrolling interests	(18,706)					(18,706)		18,706
Balances, shares at Mar. 31, 2022				79,166,943	118,200,000
Balances at Mar. 31, 2022	(875,224)			$ 8	$ 12	166,291			(1,041,535)	0
Temporary equity, Balances at Dec. 31, 2021								1,286,016
Balances, shares at Dec. 31, 2021				79,091,871	118,200,000
Balances at Dec. 31, 2021	(860,683)			$ 8	$ 12	182,091			(1,042,794)	0
Temporary equity, Balances at Sep. 30, 2022								905,412
Balances, shares at Sep. 30, 2022				82,041,142	118,200,000		(397,551)
Balances at Sep. 30, 2022	(425,463)			$ 8	$ 12	601,784	$ (3,050)		(1,024,217)	0
Temporary equity, Balances at Mar. 31, 2022								1,307,292
Balances, shares at Mar. 31, 2022				79,166,943	118,200,000
Balances at Mar. 31, 2022	(875,224)			$ 8	$ 12	166,291			(1,041,535)	0
Net income	9,655								9,655
Net income attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests								14,405
Issuance of shares, shares				74,089
Deemed contribution from former parent	468					468		699
Equity-based compensation	4,145					4,145
Distributions to non-controlling interest	4,108					(4,108)
Temporary equity, Balances at Jun. 30, 2022								882,954
Subsequent remeasurement of Redeemable noncontrolling interests	439,442					439,442		(439,442)
Balances, shares at Jun. 30, 2022				79,241,032	118,200,000
Balances at Jun. 30, 2022	(425,622)			$ 8	$ 12	606,238			(1,031,880)	0
Net income	7,663								7,663
Net income attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests								11,084
Issuance of shares, shares				72,325
Deemed contribution from former parent	427					427		617
Equity-based compensation	4,029					4,029
Distributions to non-controlling interest								(810)
Repurchases of common stock	(3,050)						$ (3,050)
Repurchases of common stock Share							$ (397,551)
Temporary equity, Balances at Sep. 30, 2022								905,412
Increase in common shares outstanding following warrant exchange				2,727,785
Reclassification of contingent consideration	2,657					2,657
Subsequent remeasurement of Redeemable noncontrolling interests	(11,567)					(11,567)		(11,567)
Balances, shares at Sep. 30, 2022				82,041,142	118,200,000		(397,551)
Balances at Sep. 30, 2022	(425,463)			$ 8	$ 12	601,784	$ (3,050)		(1,024,217)	0
Temporary equity, Balances at Dec. 31, 2022								862,860
Balances, shares at Dec. 31, 2022		82,410,774	118,200,000	82,410,774	118,200,000		(4,342,477)
Balances at Dec. 31, 2022	(382,698)			$ 8	$ 12	663,908	$ (32,494)		(1,014,132)	0
Net income	12,182								12,182
Net income attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests								18,090
Issuance of shares, shares				491,502
Issuance of shares	1			$ 1
Deemed contribution from former parent	391					391		577
Equity-based compensation	4,615					4,615
Distributions to non-controlling interest								(3,816)
Repurchases of common stock	(7,612)						$ (7,612)
Repurchases of common stock Share							$ (949,020)
Temporary equity, Balances at Mar. 31, 2023								901,866
Subsequent remeasurement of Redeemable noncontrolling interests	(24,155)					(24,155)		24,155
Balances, shares at Mar. 31, 2023				82,902,276	118,200,000		(5,291,497)
Balances at Mar. 31, 2023	(397,276)			$ 9	$ 12	644,759	$ (40,106)		(1,001,950)	0
Temporary equity, Balances at Dec. 31, 2022								862,860
Balances, shares at Dec. 31, 2022		82,410,774	118,200,000	82,410,774	118,200,000		(4,342,477)
Balances at Dec. 31, 2022	(382,698)			$ 8	$ 12	663,908	$ (32,494)		(1,014,132)	0
Temporary equity, Balances at Sep. 30, 2023								640,717
Balances, shares at Sep. 30, 2023		101,803,392	99,800,000	101,803,392	99,800,000		(5,291,497)
Balances at Sep. 30, 2023	(120,289)			$ 11	$ 10	884,523	$ (40,106)		(964,561)	(166)
Temporary equity, Balances at Mar. 31, 2023								901,866
Balances, shares at Mar. 31, 2023				82,902,276	118,200,000		(5,291,497)
Balances at Mar. 31, 2023	(397,276)			$ 9	$ 12	644,759	$ (40,106)		(1,001,950)	0
Net income	30,712								30,712
Net income attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests								7,614
Issuance of shares, shares				309,529
Deemed contribution from former parent	431					431		544
Secondary offering of Class A common stock	145,064			$ 2	$ (2)	145,064		(145,064)
Secondary Offering of Class A common stock ,shares				18,400,000	(18,400,000)
Equity-based compensation	6,524					6,524
Distributions to non-controlling interest								(7,200)
Temporary equity, Balances at Jun. 30, 2023								790,416
Subsequent remeasurement of Redeemable noncontrolling interests	(32,656)					(32,656)		32,656
Establishment of liabilities under Tax Receivable Agreement, net of tax and other tax impact of Secondary Offering (Note 16)	(46,132)					(46,132)
Balances, shares at Jun. 30, 2023				101,611,805	99,800,000		(5,291,497)
Balances at Jun. 30, 2023	(293,333)			$ 11	$ 10	717,990	$ (40,106)		(971,238)	0
Net income	6,677								6,677
Net income attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests								9,341
Issuance of shares, shares				191,587
Deemed contribution from former parent	481					481		498
Equity-based compensation	6,722					6,722
Other comprehensive loss	(166)							(208)		(166)
Temporary equity, Balances at Sep. 30, 2023								640,717
Subsequent remeasurement of Redeemable noncontrolling interests	159,330					159,330		$ (159,330)
Balances, shares at Sep. 30, 2023		101,803,392	99,800,000	101,803,392	99,800,000		(5,291,497)
Balances at Sep. 30, 2023	$ (120,289)			$ 11	$ 10	$ 884,523	$ (40,106)		$ (964,561)	$ (166)

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Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - USD ($) $ in Thousands	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Cash flows from operating activities
Net income	$ 61,674	$ 45,963
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	8,603	5,269
Amortization of leases	467	1,591
Amortization of deferred financing costs and interest rate cap	688	819
Equity-based compensation expense	20,488	13,982
Change in fair value of warrants	(991)	(6,618)
Change in fair value of derivative asset	83	0
Change in fair value of contingent consideration	(998)	(1,220)
Loss on extinguishment of debt	0	4,285
Loss on asset disposals	51	63
Deferred taxes	(22,678)	0
Non-cash interest income	(125)	0
Foreign currency revaluation losses	542	0
Change in assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable	(26,147)	(4,292)
Inventory	(8,702)	(2,350)
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	(19,239)	37,778
Accounts payable	50,484	(26,737)
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	18,415	(73,938)
Deferred revenue	2,464	8,492
Other non-current assets and liabilities	6,365	(1,680)
Net cash provided by operating activities	114,386	1,389
Cash flows from investing activities
Acquisition of business, net of cash acquired	(55,935)	0
Investments in convertible promissory note and warrant	(6,000)	0
Purchases of property and equipment	(785)	(2,727)
Purchases of personal seat licenses	(542)	(165)
Investments in developed technology	(7,770)	(8,988)
Cash adjustment in acquisition	0	(8)
Net cash used in investing activities	(71,032)	(11,888)
Cash flows from financing activities
Payments of February 2022 First Lien Loan	(2,063)	(1,375)
Repurchase of common stock as treasury stock	(7,612)	(3,050)
Cash paid for milestone payments	(6,005)	0
Distributions to non-controlling interest	(11,016)	(4,918)
Payments of deferred financing costs and other debt-related costs	0	(4,856)
Net cash used in financing activities	(26,696)	(204,911)
Impact of foreign exchange on cash and cash equivalents, and restricted cash	786	0
Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash	17,444	(215,410)
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash - beginning of period	252,290	489,810
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash - end of period	269,734	274,400
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:
Cash paid for interest	13,250	9,886
Cash paid for income tax	401	0
Cash paid for operating lease liabilities	686	2,587
Property and equipment acquired through tenant improvement allowance	0	5,346
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations	0	3,406
Establishment of liabilities under Tax Receivable Agreement	98,977	0
Establishment of deferred tax asset under Tax Receivable Agreement and Secondary Offering	52,845	0
Subsidiaries [Member]
Cash flows from operating activities
Net income	84,616	45,945
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	8,603	5,269
Change in fair value of contingent consideration	(998)	(1,220)
Loss on extinguishment of debt	0	4,285
June 2017 First Lien Loan
Cash flows from financing activities
Payments of June 2017 First Lien Loan	0	(465,712)
February 2022 First Lien Loan
Cash flows from financing activities
Proceeds from February 2022 First Lien Loan	$ 0	$ 275,000

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Pay vs Performance Disclosure - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2023	Mar. 31, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2022	Mar. 31, 2022
Pay vs Performance Disclosure
Net Income (Loss)	$ 6,677	$ 30,712	$ 12,182	$ 7,663	$ 9,655	$ 1,259

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Insider Trading Arrangements	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023
Trading Arrangements, by Individual
Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted	false
Non-Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted	false
Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Terminated	false
Non-Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Terminated	false

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Background and Basis of Presentation

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Vivid Seats Inc

Subsidiary of Limited Liability Company or Limited Partnership [Line Items]

Background and Basis of Presentation

1. Background and Basis of Presentation

Vivid Seats Inc. and its subsidiaries including Hoya Intermediate, LLC ("Hoya Intermediate"), Hoya Midco, LLC and Vivid Seats LLC (collectively the “Company,” “us,” “we,” and “our”) provide an online secondary ticket marketplace that enables ticket buyers to discover and easily purchase tickets to concert, sporting and theater events in the United States, Canada and Japan. Through our Marketplace segment, we operate an online platform enabling ticket buyers to purchase tickets to live events, while enabling ticket sellers to seamlessly manage their operations. In our Resale segment, we acquire tickets to resell on secondary ticket marketplaces, including our own.

We have prepared these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("GAAP") for interim financial information and the instructions to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X issued by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC"). Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and notes required by GAAP for comprehensive annual financial statements. These condensed consolidated financial statements are not necessarily indicative of results that may be expected for any other interim period or for the full year. These condensed consolidated financial statements should be read together with the audited annual consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022 and Amendment No. 1 thereto, which were filed with the SEC on March 7, 2023 and May 9, 2023, respectively (together, our “2022 Form 10-K”). These condensed consolidated financial statements include all of our accounts, including those of our consolidated subsidiaries. All intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation. Certain prior period amounts of Other non-current assets have been reclassified to conform to current period presentation. These reclassifications had no effect on previously reported totals for assets, liabilities, shareholders' deficit, cash flows or net income.

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New Accounting Standards

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

2. New Accounting Standards

Recently Adopted Accounting Standards

In June 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2016-13, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, which changes how entities will measure credit losses for financial assets and certain other instruments that are not measured at fair value through net income. The new expected credit loss impairment model requires immediate recognition of estimated credit losses expected to occur. ASU 2019-10, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326), Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815), and Leases (Topic 842): Effective Dates, deferred the effective date for non-public companies. The standard is effective for non-public companies for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022. We adopted these requirements as of January 1, 2023 with no material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848), Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting, as modified in January 2021. The ASU is intended to help stakeholders during the global market-wide reference rate transition period. The new guidance provides optional expedients and exceptions for applying GAAP to contract modifications and hedging relationships, subject to meeting certain criteria, that reference the London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) or another reference rate expected to be discontinued. The guidance also establishes (1) a general contract modification principle that entities can apply in other areas that may be affected by reference rate reform and (2) certain elective hedge accounting expedients. We adopted these requirements as of January 1, 2023 with no material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

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Business Acquisition

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Business Combination and Asset Acquisition [Abstract]

Business Acquisition

3. Business Acquisition

On September 8, 2023 (the "Acquisition Date"), we acquired 100% of the outstanding shares of WD Holdings Co., Ltd. ("Wavedash"), an online ticket marketplace headquartered in Tokyo, Japan. The purchase price was JPY

10,946.1 million, or approximately $74.3 million based on the exchange rate in effect on the Acquisition Date, before considering the net effect of cash acquired equal to the amount in the table below. We financed the transaction at closing with cash on hand. The acquisition was accounted for as an acquisition of a business in accordance with the acquisition method of accounting.

We have applied the acquisition method of accounting in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") 805, Business Combinations and recognized assets acquired and liabilities assumed at their respective fair values as of the Acquisition Date, with the excess purchase consideration recorded to goodwill. The goodwill recorded is not expected to be deductible for income tax purposes. The goodwill is primarily attributable to revenue opportunities associated with Wavedash’s service offerings and assembled workforce and is included in our Marketplace segment.

The fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed are preliminary and subject to change because the evaluations necessary to assess the fair values of the net assets acquired are still in process. The primary areas that are not yet finalized relate to the valuations of certain intangible assets and acquired income tax assets and liabilities. Acquired assets and liability amounts are also still being finalized. We expect to finalize the allocation of the purchase price as soon as practicable, but no later than one year from the Acquisition Date when the measurement period ends. In connection with the transaction, we assumed long-term debt which matures in the second quarter of 2026, subject to a fixed interest rate. Refer to Note 12, Debt for more information.

Acquisition costs directly related to the transaction were $1.9 million and $2.7 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively, and are included in General and administrative expenses in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

The following table summarizes the estimated fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of the Acquisition Date (in thousands):

Cash	$	18,390
Accounts receivable		2,182
Inventory		49
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		259
Property and equipment		67
Right-of-use assets		1,927
Other net assets		675
Intangible assets		31,846
Goodwill		45,351
Accounts payable		(7,427	)
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities		(3,901	)
Current maturities of long-term debt		(566	)
Long-term debt		(2,546	)
Other non-current liabilities		(11,981	)
Net assets acquired	$	74,325

The following table sets forth the components of identifiable intangible assets acquired (in thousands) and their estimated useful lives (in years) as of the Acquisition Date:

	Cost		Estimated Useful Life
Tradename	$	2,173	Indefinite
Supplier relationships		19,963	5 years
Customer relationships		5,500	4 years
Developed technology		4,210	3 years
Total acquired intangible assets	$	31,846

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Revenue Recognition

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Hoya Intermediate, LLC

Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]

Revenue Recognition

4. Revenue Recognition

We recognize revenue in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. We have two reportable segments: Marketplace and Resale.

Through the Marketplace segment, we act as an intermediary between ticket buyers and sellers. We earn revenue processing ticket sales from our Owned Properties, consisting of our websites and mobile applications, and from our Private Label offering, which is comprised of numerous distribution partners.

Marketplace revenues consisted of the following (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Marketplace revenues:
Owned Properties	$	122,778	$	106,597	$	329,006	$	288,827
Private Label		31,610		23,945		101,113		82,145
Total Marketplace revenues	$	154,388	$	130,542	$	430,119	$	370,972

Marketplace revenues consisted of the following event categories (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Marketplace revenues:
Concerts	$	87,142	$	63,802	$	239,762	$	188,291
Sports		52,169		52,812		143,118		143,012
Theater		14,788		13,526		45,705		37,997
Other		289		402		1,534		1,672
Total Marketplace revenues	$	154,388	$	130,542	$	430,119	$	370,972

Resale revenues were $33.7 million and $84.5 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively, and $26.3 million and $64.3 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively.

At September 30, 2023, Deferred revenue in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets was $34.4 million, which primarily relates to Vivid Seats Rewards, our loyalty program. Stamps earned under the program expire in two to three years, if not converted to credits, and credits expire in two to four years, if not redeemed. We expect to recognize all outstanding deferred revenue in the next seven years.

At December 31, 2022, $32.0 million was recorded as Deferred revenue, of which $1.9 million and $13.6 million was recognized as revenue during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively. At December 31,

2021, $25.1 million was recorded as Deferred revenue, of which $1.2 million and $7.2 million was recognized as revenue during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively.

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Segment Reporting

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Segment Reporting [Abstract]

Segment Reporting

5. Segment Reporting

Our reportable segments are Marketplace and Resale. Through the Marketplace segment, we act as an intermediary between ticket buyers and sellers within our online secondary ticket marketplace. Through the Resale segment, we acquire tickets from primary sellers, which we then sell through secondary ticket marketplaces, including our own. Revenues and contribution margin are used by our Chief Operating Decision Maker ("CODM") to assess performance of the business. We define contribution margin as revenues less cost of revenues and marketing and selling expenses.

We do not report our assets, capital expenditures, general and administrative expenses or related depreciation and amortization expenses by segment because our CODM does not use this information to evaluate the performance of our operating segments.

The following tables represent our segment information (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended September 30, 2023							Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023
	Marketplace		Resale		Consolidated			Marketplace		Resale		Consolidated
Revenues	$	154,388	$	33,745	$	188,133		$	430,119	$	84,457	$	514,576
Cost of revenues (exclusive of depreciation and amortization shown separately below)		23,923		26,539		50,462			66,749		64,089		130,838
Marketing and selling		77,006		—		77,006			196,970		—		196,970
Contribution margin	$	53,459	$	7,206		60,665		$	166,400	$	20,368		186,768
General and administrative						37,225							107,921
Depreciation and amortization						3,301							8,603
Change in fair value of contingent consideration						20							(998	)
Income from operations						20,119							71,242
Interest expense – net						2,544							8,596
Other income						(1,038	)						(365	)
Income before income taxes					$	18,613						$	63,011

	Three Months Ended September 30, 2022							Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022
	Marketplace		Resale		Consolidated			Marketplace		Resale		Consolidated
Revenues	$	130,542	$	26,276	$	156,818		$	370,972	$	64,312	$	435,284
Cost of revenues (exclusive of depreciation and amortization shown separately below)		17,950		19,667		37,617			52,912		49,291		102,203
Marketing and selling		66,323		—		66,323			179,963		—		179,963
Contribution margin	$	46,269	$	6,609		52,878		$	138,097	$	15,021		153,118
General and administrative						30,239							95,721
Depreciation and amortization						2,158							5,269
Change in fair value of contingent consideration						(1,220	)						(1,220	)
Income from operations						21,701							53,348
Interest expense – net						2,901							9,542
Loss on extinguishment of debt						—							4,285
Other expenses						(65	)						(6,618	)
Income before income taxes					$	18,865						$	46,139

Substantially all of our assets reside in the United States.

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Accounts Receivable - Net

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Receivables [Abstract]

Accounts Receivable - Net

6. Accounts Receivable - Net

As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, Accounts receivable – net was $64.8 million and $36.5 million, respectively.

$42.2 million and $18.9 million of the Accounts receivable balance at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, consisted of uncollateralized payment processor obligations due under normal trade terms typically requiring payment within three business days. Credit risk with respect to accounts receivable from payment processing entities is limited due to the consolidation of those receivables with large financial institutions and the frequency with which the receivables turn over.

$7.8 million and $1.0 million of the Accounts receivable balance at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, consisted of amounts due from marketplace ticket sellers for canceled events and costs of replacement tickets. We recorded an allowance for credit losses of $4.0 million and $0.1 million at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, to reflect potential challenges in collecting funds from marketplace ticket sellers. The allowance for credit losses increased during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 as certain ticket sellers on the marketplace platform generated balances in excess of their existing payables, creating a greater risk of credit losses on these receivables.

$12.1 million and $11.7 million of the Accounts receivable balance at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, consisted of amounts due from distribution partners for cancellation charges, primarily related to canceled events. We recorded an allowance for credit losses of $5.0 million and $3.6 million at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, to reflect potential challenges in collecting funds from distribution partners, particularly for amounts due upon usage of store credit previously issued to buyers.

Accounts receivable balances are stated net of allowance for credit losses and bad debt expense is presented as a reduction of Revenues in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations.

There were no write-offs for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022.

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Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Deferred Costs, Capitalized, Prepaid, and Other Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets

7. Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets

Prepaid expenses and other current assets consist of the following (in thousands):

	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Recovery of future customer compensation	$	42,421	$	23,311
Prepaid expenses		6,591		6,032
Other current assets		395		569
Total prepaid expenses and other current assets	$	49,407	$	29,912

Recovery of future customer compensation represents expected recoveries of compensation to be paid to customers for event cancellations or other service issues related to previously recorded sales transactions. Recovery of future customer compensation costs increased by $19.1 million at September 30, 2023 compared to December 31, 2022 due to an increase in the reserve for future cancellations driven by higher volume of sales for future events. The provision related to these expected recoveries is included in Accrued expenses and other current liabilities in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

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Goodwill and Intangible Assets

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Subsidiary of Limited Liability Company or Limited Partnership [Line Items]

Goodwill and Intangible Assets

8. Goodwill and Intangible Assets

Definite-lived intangible assets includes developed technology and customer relationships, which had a net carrying amount of $47.1 million and $17.3 million at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, and accumulated amortization of $17.2 million and $9.6 million at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. Our goodwill is included in our Marketplace segment.

The net changes in the carrying amounts of our intangible assets and goodwill were as follows (in thousands):

	Definite-lived Intangible Assets			Trademark			Goodwill
Balance at January 1, 2023	$	17,310		$	64,666		$	715,258
Wavedash acquisition		29,673			2,173			45,351
Foreign currency translation		(418	)		(30	)		(638	)
Capitalized development costs		8,067			—			—
Disposals		(43	)		—			—
Amortization		(7,525	)		—			—
Balance at September 30, 2023	$	47,064		$	66,809		$	759,971

	Definite-lived Intangible Assets			Trademark		Goodwill
Balance at January 1, 2022	$	13,845		$	64,666	$	718,204
Betcha acquisition adjustment		(890	)		—		(2,946	)
Capitalized development costs		8,988			—		—
Amortization		(5,009	)		—		—
Balance at September 30, 2022	$	16,934		$	64,666	$	715,258

We had recorded $563.2 million of cumulative impairment charges related to our intangible assets and goodwill as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022.

Amortization expense on our definite-lived intangible assets was $2.9 million and $7.5 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively, and $2.1 million and $5.0 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively. Amortization expense is presented in Depreciation and amortization in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

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Investment

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Investment Income, Nonoperating [Abstract]

Investments

9. Investments

In July 2023, we invested $6.0 million in a privately held company in the form of a convertible promissory note (the “Note”) and a warrant to purchase up to 1,874,933 shares of the company's stock (the "Warrant"). Interest on the Note accrues at 8% per annum and outstanding principal and accrued interest is due and payable at the earlier of July 3, 2030 or a change in control of the company. The Warrant is exercisable until the date three years after the Note is repaid, subject to certain accelerating events.

We account for the Note in accordance with ASC Topic 320, Investments - Debt and Equity Securities. The Note is classified as an available-for-sale security and is recorded at fair value with the change in unrealized gains and losses reported as a separate component on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income until realized. The Note's unrealized gain for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 was less than $0.1 million. The Note's amortized cost amounted to $2.5 million at September 30, 2023. We did not recognize any credit losses related to the Note during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023.

We account for the Warrant in accordance with ASC Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging ("ASC 815"). As required by ASC 815, we record the derivative instrument on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in Other (income) expense on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations on the recurring basis. The classification of the derivative instrument, including whether such instrument should be recorded as an asset or a liability, is evaluated at the end of each reporting period.

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Fair Value Measurements

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Fair Value Measurements

10. Fair Value Measurements

We account for financial instruments under ASC Topic 820, Fair Value Measurements ("ASC 820"). This statement defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value in generally accepted accounting principles, and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. To increase consistency and comparability in fair value measurements, ASC 820 establishes a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value into three levels as follows:

Level 1 - Measurements that reflect quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets.

Level 2 - Measurements that include other inputs that are directly or indirectly observable in the marketplace.

Level 3 - Measurements derived from valuation techniques in which one or more significant inputs or significant value drivers are unobservable. These fair value measurements require significant judgment.

Financial instruments recorded at fair value on recurring basis as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 are as follows (in thousands):

	Fair Value Measurements Using
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
September 30, 2023
Money market funds (cash equivalent)	$	190,054	$	—	$	—	$	190,054
Investments:
Note		—		—		2,536		2,536
Warrant		—		—		3,506		3,506
	$	190,054	$	—	$	6,042	$	196,096
	Fair Value Measurements Using
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
December 31, 2022
Money market funds (cash equivalent)	$	203,285	$	—	$	—	$	203,285
	$	203,285	$	—	$	—	$	203,285

The fair value of the Note is determined using the income approach, utilizing Level 3 inputs. The estimated fair value of the Warrant is determined using the Black-Scholes model, which requires us to make assumptions and judgments about the variables used in the calculation related to volatility, expected term, dividend yield and risk-free interest rate. Because of the inherent uncertainty of valuation, these estimated values may differ significantly from the values that would have been used had a ready market for the investments existed, and the differences could be material.

The following table presents quantitative information about the significant unobservable inputs applied to these Level 3 fair value measurements:

Assets	Significant Unobservable Inputs	September 30, 2023
Note	Expected terms (years)		7.0
	Implied Yield		23.0	%
Warrant	Estimated volatility		55.0	%
	Expected terms (years)		7.0
	Risk-free rate		4.6	%
	Expected dividend yield		0	%

The following table provides a reconciliation of the financial instruments measured at fair value using Level 3 significant unobservable inputs for the three months ended September 30, 2023 (in thousands):

	Note		Warrant
Balance as of July 3, 2023 (inception)	$	2,411	$	3,589
Accretion of discount		8
Interest paid-in-kind		117
Total unrealized gains or losses:
Recognized in earnings		—		(83	)
Balance at September 30, 2023	$	2,536	$	3,506

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Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Payables and Accruals [Abstract]

Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities

11. Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities

Accrued expenses and other current liabilities consist of the following (in thousands):

	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Accrued marketing expense	$	44,709	$	26,873
Accrued taxes		938		542
Accrued customer credits		63,754		88,167
Accrued future customer compensation		46,263		30,181
Accrued contingencies		—		5,898
Accrued payroll		13,363		10,660
Other current liabilities		28,220		19,649
Total accrued expenses and other current liabilities	$	197,247	$	181,970

Accrued customer credits represent credits issued and outstanding for event cancellations or other service issues related to recorded sales transactions. The accrued amount is reduced by the amount of credits estimated to go unused, known as breakage, provided that the credits are not subject to escheatment. We estimate breakage based on historical usage trends and available data on comparable programs and recognize breakage in proportion to the pattern of redemption for customer credits. Our breakage estimate could be impacted by future activity differing from our estimates, the effects of which could be material.

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, $2.6 million and $7.8 million of accrued customer credits were redeemed, respectively, and we recognized $7.7 million and $18.4 million of revenue from breakage, respectively. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, $5.6 million and $22.9 million of accrued customer credits were redeemed, respectively, and we recognized $1.8 million and $5.0 million of revenue from breakage, respectively. Breakage amounts are net of reductions in associated accounts receivable balances.

Accrued future customer compensation represents an estimate of the amount of customer compensation due from cancellation charges in the future. These provisions are based on historic experience, revenue volumes for future events, and management’s estimate of the likelihood of future event cancellations and are recognized as a component of Revenues in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. The expected recoveries of these obligations are included in Prepaid expenses and other current assets in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. This estimated accrual could be impacted by future activity differing from our estimates, the effects of which could be material. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, we recognized a net increase in revenue of $1.5 million and $0.2 million, respectively, and during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, we recognized a net increase in revenue of $4.6 million and $4.5 million, respectively, from the reversals of previously recorded revenue and changes to accrued future customer compensation related to event cancellations where the performance obligations were satisfied in prior periods.

Accrued contingencies primarily decreased as a result of milestone payments to Betcha Sports, Inc. ("Betcha," which was rebranded as "Vivid Picks") of $6.0 million in cash during the nine months ended September 30, 2023.

Other current liabilities primarily increased as a result of accrued interest during the nine months ended September 30, 2023.

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Debt

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Debt

12. Debt

Our outstanding debt is comprised of the following (in thousands):

	September 30, 2023			December 31, 2022
February 2022 First Lien Loan	$	270,875		$	272,938
Shoko Chukin Bank Loan		3,068			—
Total long-term debt, gross		273,943			272,938
Less: unamortized debt issuance costs		(4,760	)		(5,290	)
Total long-term debt, net of issuance costs		269,183			267,648
Less: current portion		(3,308	)		(2,750	)
Total long-term debt, net	$	265,875		$	264,898

June 2017 Term Loans

On June 30, 2017, we entered into a $575.0 million first lien debt facility, comprised of a $50.0 million revolving credit facility and a $525.0 million term loan (the “June 2017 First Lien Loan”), and a second lien credit facility, comprised of a $185.0 million second lien term loan (the “June 2017 Second Lien Loan”). The June 2017 First Lien Loan was amended to upsize the committed amount by $115.0 million on July 2, 2018. On October 28, 2019, we paid off the June 2017 Second Lien Loan balance. The revolving credit facility component of the first lien debt facility was subsequently retired on May 22, 2020. On October 18, 2021, we made an early principal payment related to the June 2017 First Lien Loan of $148.2 million in connection with, and using the proceeds from, the merger transaction with Horizon Acquisition Corporation ("Merger Transaction") and a private investment in public equity. On February 3, 2022, we repaid $190.7 million of the outstanding balance of the June 2017 First Lien Loan and refinanced the remaining balance with a new $275.0 million term loan.

February 2022 First Lien Loan

On February 3, 2022, we entered into an amendment which refinanced the remaining balance of the June 2017 First Lien Loan with a new $275.0 million term loan (the "February 2022 First Lien Loan"), which has a maturity date of February 3, 2029 and added a new $100.0 million revolving credit facility (the “Revolving Facility”) with a maturity date of February 3, 2027. At September 30, 2023, we had no outstanding borrowings under our Revolving Facility.

The terms of the February 2022 First Lien Loan specify a secured overnight financing rate (“SOFR”) based floating interest rate and contain a springing financial covenant that requires compliance with a first lien net leverage ratio when revolver borrowings exceed certain levels. All obligations under the February 2022 First Lien Loan are unconditionally guaranteed by Hoya Intermediate and substantially all of Hoya Intermediate’s existing and future direct and indirect wholly owned domestic subsidiaries. The February 2022 First Lien Loan requires quarterly amortization payments of $0.7 million. The Revolving Facility does not require periodic payments. All obligations under the February 2022 First Lien Loan are secured, subject to permitted liens and other exceptions, by first-priority perfected security interests in substantially all of our assets. The February 2022 First Lien Loan carries an interest rate of SOFR (subject to a 0.5% floor) plus 3.25%. The effective interest rate on the February 2022 First Lien Loan was 9.04% and 7.98% per annum at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.

Our February 2022 First Lien Loan is held by third-party financial institutions and is carried at the outstanding principal balance, less debt issuance costs and any unamortized discount or premium. The fair value was estimated using quoted prices that are directly observable in the marketplace. Therefore, the fair value is estimated on a Level

2 basis. At September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the fair value of our February 2022 First Lien Loan approximated the carrying value.

We are subject to certain reporting and compliance-related covenants to remain in good standing under the February 2022 First Lien Loan. These covenants, among other things, limit our ability to incur additional indebtedness and, in certain circumstances, restrict our ability to enter into transactions with affiliates, create liens, merge or consolidate, and make certain payments. Non-compliance with these covenants and failure to remedy could result in the acceleration of the loans or foreclosure on the collateral. As of September 30, 2023, we were in compliance with all of our debt covenants related to the February 2022 First Lien Loan.

Due to the refinancing of the June 2017 First Lien Loan with the February 2022 First Lien Loan, we incurred a loss of $4.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, which is presented in Loss on extinguishment of debt in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Shoko Chukin Bank Loan

In connection with our acquisition of Wavedash, we assumed long-term debt of JPY 458.3 million (approximately $3.1 million), which has a maturity date of June 24, 2026, subject to a fixed interest rate of 1.27% per annum.

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Financial Instruments

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Investments, All Other Investments [Abstract]

Financial Instruments

13. Financial Instruments

We issued the following warrants during the year ended December 31, 2021 in connection with the Merger Transaction:

Public Warrants

We issued warrants to purchase 18,132,776 shares of our Class A common stock at an exercise price of $11.50 per share ("Public Warrants") to former warrant holders of Horizon Acquisition Corporation, of which warrants to purchase 5,166,666 shares were issued to Horizon Sponsor, LLC. The Public Warrants are traded on the Nasdaq Stock Market under the symbol “SEATW.” As of September 30, 2023, there were 6,766,853 outstanding Public Warrants.

Private Warrants

We issued warrants to purchase 6,519,791 shares of our Class A common stock at an exercise price of $11.50 per share ("Private Warrants") to Horizon Sponsor, LLC. The Private Warrants have similar terms to the Public Warrants, except that the Private Warrants are not redeemable by us. As of September 30, 2023, there were 6,519,791 outstanding Private Warrants.

Exercise Warrants

We issued to Horizon Sponsor, LLC warrants to purchase 17,000,000 shares of our Class A common stock at an exercise price of $10.00 per share (“$10 Exercise Warrants”) and warrants to purchase 17,000,000 shares of our Class A common stock at an exercise of $15.00 per share (“$15 Exercise Warrants”; together with the $10 Exercise Warrants, “Exercise Warrants”). The Exercise Warrants have similar terms to the Public Warrants, except that the Exercise Warrants have different exercise prices, an initial term of 10 years, are not redeemable by us, and are fully transferable. As of September 30, 2023, there were 17,000,000 $10 Exercise Warrants outstanding and 17,000,000 $15 Exercise Warrants outstanding.

Mirror Warrants

Hoya Intermediate issued to us warrants to purchase 17,000,000 of its common units (“Intermediate Units”) at an exercise price of $10.00 per unit (“$10 Mirror Warrants”), warrants to purchase 17,000,000 Intermediate Units at an exercise of $15.00 per unit (“$15 Mirror Warrants”), and warrants to purchase 24,652,557 Intermediate Units at an exercise price of $11.50 per unit (“$11.50 Mirror Warrants”; together with the $10 Mirror Warrants and $15 Mirror Warrants, “Mirror Warrants”). The number and terms of the Mirror Warrants are identical to the Public,

Private and Exercise Warrants, respectively. Upon the valid exercise of a Public, Private or Exercise Warrant, Hoya Intermediate will issue to us an equivalent number of Intermediate Units. Similarly, if a Public, Private or Exercise Warrant is tendered, an equivalent number of Mirror Warrants will be tendered. As of September 30, 2023, there were 17,000,000 $10 Mirror Warrants outstanding, 17,000,000 $15 Mirror Warrants outstanding and 13,286,644 $11.50 Mirror Warrants outstanding.

Hoya Intermediate Warrants

Hoya Intermediate issued to Hoya Topco, LLC (“Hoya Topco”) warrants to purchase 3,000,000 Intermediate Units at an exercise price of $10.00 per unit and warrants to purchase 3,000,000 Intermediate Units at an exercise of $15.00 per unit (collectively, the "Hoya Intermediate Warrants").

A portion of the Hoya Intermediate Warrants, consisting of warrants to purchase 1,000,000 Intermediate Units at exercise prices of $10.00 and $15.00 per unit, respectively (“Option Contingent Warrants”), were issued in tandem with stock options we issued to members of our management team (“Management Options”). The Option Contingent Warrants only become exercisable by Hoya Topco if a Management Option is forfeited or expires unexercised. As of September 30, 2023, 0.1 million Management Options were forfeited or expired.

Because the Hoya Intermediate Warrants allow for cash redemption at the option of the warrant holder, they are classified as a liability in Other liabilities in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. Upon consummation of the Merger Transaction, we recorded a warrant liability of $20.4 million, reflecting the fair value of the Hoya Intermediate Warrants determined using the Black-Scholes model. Upon consummation of the Merger Transaction, the fair value of the Hoya Intermediate Warrants included Option Contingent Warrants of $1.6 million. The estimated fair value of the Option Contingent Warrants is adjusted to reflect the probability of forfeiture of the corresponding Management Options based on historical forfeiture rates for Hoya Topco profits interests.

The following assumptions were used to calculate the fair value of the Hoya Intermediate Warrants and the Option Contingent Warrants:

	September 30, 2023			December 31, 2022
Estimated volatility		46.0	%		39.0	%
Expected term (years)		8.1			8.8
Risk-free rate		4.6	%		3.9	%
Expected dividend yield		0.0	%		0.0	%

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, the fair value of the Hoya Intermediate Warrants and the Option Contingent Warrants decreased by $1.7 million and $1.0 million, respectively, and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 decreased by less than $0.1 million and $6.6 million, respectively, which is presented in Other (income) expense on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Upon the valid exercise of a Hoya Intermediate Warrant for Intermediate Units, we will issue an equivalent amount of shares of our Class B common stock to Hoya Topco.

Other financial instruments, including accounts receivable and accounts payable, are carried at cost, which approximates their fair value because of the short-term nature of these instruments.

Share Repurchase Program

On May 25, 2022, our board of directors (“Board”) authorized a share repurchase program of our Class A common stock of up to $40.0 million ("Repurchase Program"). The Repurchase Program was announced on May 26, 2022 and its authorization was fully utilized during 2022 and the three months ended March 31, 2023. Cumulatively under the Repurchase Program, we repurchased 5.3 million shares of our Class A common stock for $40.0 million and paid $0.1 million in commissions. The share repurchases are accounted for as Treasury stock in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. We made no share repurchases during the three months ended September 30, 2023.

Secondary Offering

We completed a public offering of 18,400,000 shares of our Class A common stock, comprised of 16,000,000 shares sold on May 22, 2023 and 2,400,000 shares sold on June 15, 2023 pursuant to the full exercise by the underwriters of their option to purchase additional shares (the "Secondary Offering"). The shares were sold at a public offering price of $8.00 per share and were purchased by the underwriters from Hoya Topco (the "Selling Stockholder") at a price of $7.68 per share. The Selling Stockholder exchanged 18,400,000 shares of our Class B common stock and 18,400,000 Intermediate Units for the shares of our Class A common stock that it sold in the Secondary Offering. We did not receive any of the proceeds from the sale of the shares by the Selling Stockholder in the Secondary Offering. In connection with the Secondary Offering, we incurred $1.5 million of expenses during the nine months ended September 30, 2023, which are included within General and administrative expenses in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

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Commitments and Contingencies

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Commitments and Contingencies

14. Commitments and Contingencies

Litigation

From time to time, we are involved in various claims and legal actions arising in the ordinary course of business, none of which, in the opinion of management, could have a material effect on our business, financial position or results of operations other than those matters discussed herein.

We are a co-defendant in a class action lawsuit in Canada alleging a failure to disclose service fees prior to checkout, which we have settled. On January 5, 2022, we issued coupons to certain members of the class. Other members were notified in 2022 that they are eligible to submit a claim for a coupon, which they received in 2023. As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, a liability of $0.9 million was recorded in Accrued expenses and other current liabilities in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets related to expected claim submissions and credit redemptions as of the measurement date.

We received multiple class action lawsuits related to customer compensation for cancellations, primarily as a result of COVID-19 restrictions. A final order approving settlement of one of the lawsuits was entered by the court on November 1, 2021. As such, after insurance, $4.5 million was funded to a claims settlement pool in 2021 and fully disbursed in 2022. A settlement was reached in another of the lawsuits in July 2022 and received final approval from the court on January 31, 2023. After insurance, we paid $3.3 million to cover legal and administrative fees and approved claims. Payments for approved claims were made in August 2023. We had no accrued liability as of September 30, 2023 and an accrued liability of $1.6 million as of December 31, 2022 within Accrued expenses and other current liabilities in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets related to these matters.

We are a defendant in a lawsuit related to an alleged violation of the Illinois Biometric Information Privacy Act. We deny these allegations and intend to vigorously defend against this lawsuit. Based on the information currently available, we are unable to reasonably estimate a possible loss or range of possible losses. As a result, no litigation reserve has been recorded in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets related to this matter.

Other

In 2018, the U.S. Supreme Court issued its decision in South Dakota v. Wayfair Inc., which overturned previous case law that had precluded states from imposing sales tax collection requirements on retailers without a physical presence in the state. In response, most states have already adopted laws that attempt to impose tax collection obligations on out-of-state companies, and we have registered and are collecting tax, where required by statute. However, states or local governments may continue to adopt laws requiring that we calculate, collect, and remit taxes on sales in their jurisdictions. A successful assertion by one or more jurisdictions could result in tax liabilities,

including taxes on past sales, as well as penalties and interest. Based on our analysis of certain state regulations, specifically related to marketplace facilitators and ticket sales, we do not believe risk of loss is probable on historical revenue activities where tax has not already been remitted. We continuously monitor state regulations and will implement required collection and remittance procedures if and when we are subject to such regulations.

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Related-Party Transactions

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Related Party Transactions [Abstract]

Related-Party Transactions

15. Related-Party Transactions

Vivid Cheers Inc.

In December 2020, Vivid Cheers Inc. (“Vivid Cheers”) was incorporated as a non-profit organization within the meaning of Section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "IRC"). Vivid Cheers’ mission is to support causes and organizations dedicated to healthcare, education, and support of workers in the live events industry during times of need. We have the right to elect the board of directors of Vivid Cheers, which currently comprises our executives. We do not have a controlling financial interest in Vivid Cheers and, accordingly, do not consolidate its statement of activities with our financial results. We made no charitable contributions to Vivid Cheers during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023. We made no charitable contributions to Vivid Cheers during the three months ended September 30, 2022, and $0.6 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2022. We had no accrued charitable contributions payable as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022.

Viral Nation Inc.

Viral Nation Inc. ("Viral Nation") is a marketing agency that creates viral social media influencer campaigns and provides advertising, marketing, and technology services. Todd Boehly, a member of our Board, is the Co-Founder, Chairman and CEO of Eldridge Industries, LLC, which owns in excess of 25% of Viral Nation. We incurred an expense of $0.1 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and $0.2 million and $0.8 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively, which is presented in Marketing and selling expenses on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Rolling Stone

Rolling Stone, LLC ("Rolling Stone") is a high-profile magazine and media platform that focuses on music, film, television, and news coverages. Todd Boehly, a member of our Board, is the Co-Founder, Chairman and CEO of Eldridge Industries, LLC, which owns in excess of 20% of Rolling Stone. We incurred an expense of $0.2 million and $0.7 million as part of our multifaceted partnership with Rolling Stone for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively, which is presented in Marketing and selling expenses on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. We incurred an expense of $0.5 million and $0.6 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively.

Khoros, LLC

Khoros, LLC ("Khoros") is a social media engagement and management platform. Martin Taylor, a member of our Board, is a Senior Managing Director at Vista Equity Partners, which is one of our investors and a majority owner of Khoros. We incurred an expense of less than $0.1 million and $0.1 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively, and less than $0.1 million and $0.1 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively, which is presented in General and administrative expenses on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Los Angeles Dodgers

The Los Angeles Dodgers (the “Dodgers”) is a Major League Baseball team based in Los Angeles, California. Todd Boehly, a member of our Board, is a minority owner of the Dodgers. As part of our strategic partnership with the

Dodgers, including our designation as the Official Ticket Marketplace of the Dodgers and certain other advertising, marketing, promotional and sponsorship benefits, we incurred an expense of $1.1 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and zero for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively, which is presented in Marketing and selling expenses on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Tax Receivable Agreement

In connection with the Merger Transaction, we entered into a Tax Receivable Agreement with the existing Hoya Intermediate shareholders that provides for our payment to such shareholders of 85% of the amount of the tax savings, if any, that we realize (or, under certain circumstances, are deemed to realize) as a result of, or attributable to, (i) increases in the tax basis of assets owned directly or indirectly by Hoya Intermediate or its subsidiaries from, among other things, any redemptions or exchanges of Intermediate Units, (ii) existing tax basis (including depreciation and amortization deductions arising from such tax basis) in long-lived assets owned directly or indirectly by Hoya Intermediate and its subsidiaries, and (iii) certain other tax benefits (including deductions in respect of imputed interest) related to us making payments under the Tax Receivable Agreement.

In conjunction with the Secondary Offering in the second quarter of 2023, Hoya Topco exchanged Intermediate Units, and as a result, we recorded a liability of $99.0 million and a deferred tax asset of $52.8 million related to the Secondary Offering as well as the projected payments under the Tax Receivable Agreement, with a corresponding reduction to additional paid-in capital of $46.1 million. Tax Receivable Agreement-related liabilities are classified as current or long-term based on the expected date of payment. As of September 30, 2023, there were no amounts due within 12 months and, therefore, the entire liability is included in Tax Receivable Agreement liability within long-term liabilities in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

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Income Taxes

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Income Taxes

16. Income Taxes

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, we recorded a $2.6 million income tax expense and a $21.6 million income tax benefit in continuing operations, respectively. Our effective income tax rate differs from the 21% U.S. federal statutory rate largely due to the impact of noncontrolling interests and the release of our valuation allowance on our U.S. net operating losses, interest limitations, and tax credit carryforwards.

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, we recorded a $0.1 million and $0.2 million income tax expense in continuing operations, respectively. The September 30, 2022 income tax provision was primarily a result of state taxes.

As of September 30, 2023, our deferred tax assets were primarily the result of our investment in partnership, net operating losses, interest limitations, and tax credit carryforwards. Prior to the second quarter of 2023, a full valuation allowance was maintained against our U.S. deferred tax assets on the basis of management’s reassessment of the amount of the deferred tax assets that are more likely than not to be realized. As of each reporting date, management considers new evidence, both positive and negative, that could affect its view of the future realization of deferred tax assets. As of June 30, 2023, in part because in the current year we achieved three years of cumulative pretax income in the U.S. federal tax jurisdiction, management determined that there is sufficient positive evidence to conclude that it is more likely than not that additional deferred tax assets of $31.3 million associated with our investment in partnership, U.S. net operating losses, interest limitations, and tax credit carryforwards are realizable. We therefore reduced the valuation allowance accordingly in the second quarter of 2023. We maintain a partial valuation allowance on our investments in partnership related to the portion of the basis difference that will only reverse upon the sale of our interests, which would result in a capital loss that we do not expect to be able to utilize. Certain tax attributes remain subject to an annual limitation under Section 382 of the IRC as a result of the historical acquisitions.

During the second quarter of 2023, we received a refund associated with our 2021 tax filing in the amount of $7.8 million, including interest, for which a long-term liability was established.

Tax Receivable Agreement

In connection with the Merger Transaction, we entered into a Tax Receivable Agreement with the existing Hoya Intermediate shareholders that will provide for payment to Hoya Intermediate shareholders of 85% of the amount of the tax savings, if any, that we realize (or, under certain circumstances, are deemed to realize) as a result of, or attributable to, (i) increases in the tax basis of assets owned directly or indirectly by Hoya Intermediate or its subsidiaries from, among other things, any redemptions or exchanges of Intermediate Units (ii) existing tax basis (including depreciation and amortization deductions arising from such tax basis) in long-lived assets owned directly or indirectly by Hoya Intermediate and its subsidiaries, and (iii) certain other tax benefits (including deductions in respect of imputed interest) related to VSI making payments under the Tax Receivable Agreement.

In conjunction with the Secondary Offering in the second quarter of 2023, Hoya Topco exchanged Intermediate Units, and as a result, we now have an obligation to make payments pursuant to the Tax Receivable Agreement. The increase in deferred tax assets, the Tax Receivable Agreement liability, and additional reduction in paid-in capital resulting from the Secondary Offering was $52.8 million, $99.0 million, and $46.1 million, respectively. Payments pursuant to the Tax Receivable Agreement relating to the Secondary Offering are expected to begin during the year ending December 31, 2024.

Amounts payable under the Tax Receivable Agreement are contingent upon the generation of future taxable income over the term of the Tax Receivable Agreement and future changes in tax laws. If we do not generate sufficient taxable income in the aggregate over the term of the Tax Receivable Agreement to utilize the tax benefits, then we would not be required to make the related payments. As of September 30, 2023, we estimate that the tax savings associated with all tax attributes described above would aggregate to approximately $116.4 million. Under this scenario we would be required to pay approximately 85% of such amount, or $99.0 million, primarily over the next 15 years. As of September 30, 2023, there were no amounts due within 12 months.

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Equity-Based Compensation

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]

Equity-Based Compensation

17. Equity-Based Compensation

The 2021 Incentive Award Plan ("2021 Plan") was approved and adopted in order to facilitate the grant of equity incentive awards to our employees, directors and consultants. The 2021 Plan became effective on October 18, 2021 upon closing of the Merger Transaction.

Restricted Stock Units ("RSUs")

In March 2023, we granted 2.5 million RSUs to certain employees at a weighted average grant date fair value of $7.17 per share. In May 2023, we granted less than 0.1 million RSUs to certain employees at a weighted average grant date fair value of $7.67 per share. In August 2023, we granted 0.1 million RSUs to certain employees at a weighted average grant date fair value of $7.45 per share. RSUs granted to employees vest over three years, with one-third vesting on the one-year anniversary of the grant date and the remaining portion vesting on a quarterly basis thereafter, subject to the employee’s continued employment through the applicable vesting date.

In June 2023, we granted 0.1 million RSUs to our directors at a weighted average grant date fair value of $7.68 per share. RSUs granted to directors fully vest on the earlier of (i) one day prior to the date of our first annual meeting of stockholders following the grant date and (ii) the one-year anniversary of the grant date, subject to the director's continued service on our Board.

In June 2023, we granted less than 0.1 million RSUs to certain consultants at a weighted average grant date fair value of $7.98 per share. RSUs granted to consultants vest in equal annual installments over three years, subject to the consultant's continued service.

We account for forfeitures of outstanding, but unvested grants, in the period they occur. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, less than 0.1 million and 0.2 million RSUs were forfeited, respectively. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, 0.2 million and 0.3 million RSUs were forfeited, respectively.

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, 0.3 million and 1.0 million RSUs vested, respectively. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, 0.1 million and 0.2 million RSUs vested, respectively. At September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, there were 4.1 million and 2.6 million RSUs outstanding, respectively.

Stock options

In March 2023, we granted 3.6 million stock options to certain employees at an exercise price of $7.17. The grant date fair value of the stock options is $3.30 per option. Stock options provide for the purchase of shares of our Class A common stock in the future at an exercise price set on the grant date. These stock options vest over three years, with one-third vesting on the one-year anniversary of the grant date and the remaining portion vesting on a quarterly basis thereafter. The stock options have a contractual term of ten years from the grant date, subject to the employee’s continued employment through the applicable vesting date. The fair value of stock options granted is estimated on the grant date using the Black-Scholes model.

In June 2023, we granted 0.9 million stock options divided into three tranches, 0.2 million, 0.3 million and 0.4 million, respectively, to certain consultants at exercise prices of $7.98, $17.00 and $23.00, respectively. The grant date fair value of the stock options is $3.22, $1.87 and $1.44 per option, respectively. Stock options provide for the purchase of shares of our Class A common stock in the future at an exercise price set on the grant date. These stock options vest in equal annual installments over three years. The stock options have a contractual term of seven years from the grant date, subject to the consultants' continued service through the applicable vesting date. The fair value of stock options granted is estimated on the grant date using the Hull White model.

The following assumptions were used to calculate the fair value of our stock options:

	June 14, 2023			March 10, 2023
Volatility		42.0	%		42.0	%
Expected term (years)		7.0			5.9
Risk-free rate		4.0	%		3.9	%
Dividend yield		0.0	%		0.0	%

At September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, there were 10.6 million and 6.1 million stock options outstanding, respectively. No stock options were exercised during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, zero and less than 0.1 million stock options were forfeited or expired, respectively. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, 0.4 million stock options were forfeited or expired.

Compensation expense

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, equity-based compensation expense related to RSUs was $3.9 million and $10.5 million, respectively, compared to $2.3 million and $6.0 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively. Unrecognized compensation expense relating to unvested RSUs as of September 30, 2023 was $35.8 million, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of approximately two years.

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, equity-based compensation expense related to stock options was $2.8 million and $7.3 million, respectively, compared to $1.7 million and $4.6 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively. Unrecognized compensation expense relating to unvested stock options as of September 30, 2023 was $25.4 million, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of approximately two years.

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, equity-based compensation expense related to profit interests was $1.0 million and $3.0 million, respectively. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022,

equity-based compensation expense related to profit interests was $1.1 million and $3.4 million, respectively. Unrecognized compensation expense relating to these profit interests as of September 30, 2023 was $1.6 million, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of approximately two years.

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Earnings Per Share

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Earnings Per Share

18. Earnings Per Share

We calculate basic and diluted net income per share of Class A common stock in accordance with ASC 260, Earnings per Share. Our Class B common stock does not have economic rights in our Company and, as a result, is not considered a participating security for basic and diluted income per share. As such, basic and diluted income per share of our Class B common stock has not been presented. However, holders of our Class B common stock are allocated income in Hoya Intermediate (our operating entity) according to their weighted average percentage ownership of Intermediate Units during each quarter.

Net income attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests is calculated by multiplying Hoya Intermediate's net income for each quarterly period by Hoya Topco's weighted average percentage ownership of Intermediate Units during the period. Hoya Topco has the right to exchange its Intermediate Units for shares of our Class A common stock on a one-to-one basis or for cash proceeds of equal value at the time of redemption. The option to redeem Intermediate Units for cash proceeds must be approved by our Board, which as of September 30, 2023, is controlled by investors in Hoya Topco. The ability to put Intermediate Units is solely within the control of the holder of the redeemable noncontrolling interests. If Hoya Topco elects for a redemption to be settled in cash, the cash used to settle the redemption must be funded through a private or public offering of our Class A common stock and is subject to our Board's approval.

The following table provides net income attributable to Hoya Topco's redeemable noncontrolling interests (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023			2022			2023			2022
Net income—Hoya Intermediate	$	17,672		$	18,761		$	61,674		$	45,963
Hoya Topco’s weighted average % allocation of Hoya Intermediate's net income		52.9	%		59.1	%		56.8	%		59.5	%
Net income attributable to Hoya Topco's redeemable noncontrolling interests	$	9,341		$	11,084		$	35,045		$	27,368

Net income attributable to Class A common stockholders–basic is calculated by subtracting the portion of Hoya Intermediate's net income attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests from our total net income, which includes our net income for activities outside of our investment in Hoya Intermediate as well as the full results of Hoya Intermediate on a consolidated basis.

Net income per Class A common stock–diluted is based on the average number of shares of our Class A common stock used for the basic earnings per share calculation, adjusted for the weighted-average number of Class A common share equivalents outstanding for the period determined using the treasury stock method and if-converted method, as applicable. Net income attributable to Class A common stockholders–diluted is adjusted for (i) our share of Hoya Intermediate’s consolidated net income after giving effect to Intermediate Units that convert into potential shares of our Class A common stock, to the extent it is dilutive, and (ii) the impact of changes in the fair value of Hoya Intermediate Warrants, to the extent they are dilutive.

The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted net income per share of Class A common stock for the periods in which shares of our Class A and Class B common stock were outstanding (in thousands, except share and per share data):

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Numerator—basic:
Net income	$	16,018	$	18,747	$	84,616	$	45,945
Less: Income attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests		9,341		11,084		35,045		27,368
Net income attributable to Class A Common Stockholders—basic		6,677		7,663		49,571		18,577
Denominator—basic:
Weighted average Class A common stock outstanding—basic		96,407,327		81,996,447		86,403,617		80,145,329
Net income per Class A common stock—basic	$	0.07	$	0.09	$	0.57	$	0.23
Numerator—diluted:
Net income attributable to Class A Common Stockholders—basic	$	6,677	$	7,663	$	49,571	$	18,577
Net income effect of dilutive securities:
Effect of Exercise Warrants		—		—		—		—
Effect of RSUs		15		1		68		—
Effect of noncontrolling interests		—		—		33,874		27,368
Net income attributable to Class A Common Stockholders—diluted		6,692		7,664		83,513		45,945
Denominator—diluted:
Weighted average Class A common stock outstanding—basic		96,407,327		81,996,447		86,403,617		80,145,329
Weighted average effect of dilutive securities:
Effect of Noncontrolling Interests		—		—		109,514,286		118,200,000
Effect of Exercise Warrants		—		—		—		345,208
Effect of RSUs		455,572		27,016		389,828		19,232
Weighted average Class A common stock outstanding—diluted		96,862,899		82,023,463		196,307,731		198,709,769
Net income per Class A common stock—diluted	$	0.07	$	0.09	$	0.43	$	0.23

Potential shares of our Class A common stock are excluded from the computation of diluted net income per share of Class A common stock if their effect would have been anti-dilutive for the period presented or if the issuance of shares is contingent upon events that did not occur by the end of the period. The dilution reflected in diluted net income per share of Class A common stock during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 relates primarily to an assumed conversion of our noncontrolling interests to shares of our Class A common stock, which would not have a commensurate effect on net income, primarily due to the release of the valuation allowance which benefit is attributable to Vivid Seats Inc. only.

The following table presents potentially dilutive securities excluded from the computation of diluted net income per share of Class A common stock for the periods presented that could potentially dilute earnings per share in the future:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
RSUs		1,576,861		2,446,014		857,813		1,273,638
Stock options		10,597,528		6,239,307		10,597,528		6,239,607
Public Warrants and Private Warrants		13,286,644		13,286,644		13,286,644		13,286,644
Exercise Warrants		34,000,000		34,000,000		34,000,000		17,000,000
Hoya Intermediate Warrants		6,000,000		6,000,000		6,000,000		6,000,000
Noncontrolling Interests		99,800,000		118,200,000		—		—

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Subsequent events

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Subsequent Event [Line Items]

Subsequent Events

19. Subsequent Events

On November 3, 2023, we entered into a definitive agreement to acquire 100% ownership of VDC Holdco, LLC, the indirect parent company of Vegas.com, LLC, a leading entertainment marketplace for consumers exploring Las Vegas, Nevada. The agreed upon purchase price was approximately $243.8 million, which is subject to customary closing adjustments, comprised of approximately $153.6 million in cash and approximately 15.6 million shares of our Class A common stock (calculated based on a price per share of $5.80, representing the average daily volume weighted price per share for each of the five consecutive trading days ending on and including November 2, 2023). The transaction also closed on November 3, 2023. We financed the cash portion of the purchase price with cash on hand.

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Business Acquisition (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Business Combination and Asset Acquisition [Abstract]

Schedule of Estimated Fair Values of the Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed

The following table summarizes the estimated fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of the Acquisition Date (in thousands):

Cash	$	18,390
Accounts receivable		2,182
Inventory		49
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		259
Property and equipment		67
Right-of-use assets		1,927
Other net assets		675
Intangible assets		31,846
Goodwill		45,351
Accounts payable		(7,427	)
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities		(3,901	)
Current maturities of long-term debt		(566	)
Long-term debt		(2,546	)
Other non-current liabilities		(11,981	)
Net assets acquired	$	74,325

Schedule of Components of Intangible Assets Acquired

The following table sets forth the components of identifiable intangible assets acquired (in thousands) and their estimated useful lives (in years) as of the Acquisition Date:

	Cost		Estimated Useful Life
Tradename	$	2,173	Indefinite
Supplier relationships		19,963	5 years
Customer relationships		5,500	4 years
Developed technology		4,210	3 years
Total acquired intangible assets	$	31,846

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Revenue Recognition (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Hoya Intermediate, LLC

Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]

Schedule of Market Place Revenues

Marketplace revenues consisted of the following (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Marketplace revenues:
Owned Properties	$	122,778	$	106,597	$	329,006	$	288,827
Private Label		31,610		23,945		101,113		82,145
Total Marketplace revenues	$	154,388	$	130,542	$	430,119	$	370,972

Marketplace revenues consisted of the following event categories (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Marketplace revenues:
Concerts	$	87,142	$	63,802	$	239,762	$	188,291
Sports		52,169		52,812		143,118		143,012
Theater		14,788		13,526		45,705		37,997
Other		289		402		1,534		1,672
Total Marketplace revenues	$	154,388	$	130,542	$	430,119	$	370,972

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Segment Reporting (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Segment Reporting [Abstract]

Schedule of Segment Information

The following tables represent our segment information (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended September 30, 2023							Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023
	Marketplace		Resale		Consolidated			Marketplace		Resale		Consolidated
Revenues	$	154,388	$	33,745	$	188,133		$	430,119	$	84,457	$	514,576
Cost of revenues (exclusive of depreciation and amortization shown separately below)		23,923		26,539		50,462			66,749		64,089		130,838
Marketing and selling		77,006		—		77,006			196,970		—		196,970
Contribution margin	$	53,459	$	7,206		60,665		$	166,400	$	20,368		186,768
General and administrative						37,225							107,921
Depreciation and amortization						3,301							8,603
Change in fair value of contingent consideration						20							(998	)
Income from operations						20,119							71,242
Interest expense – net						2,544							8,596
Other income						(1,038	)						(365	)
Income before income taxes					$	18,613						$	63,011

	Three Months Ended September 30, 2022							Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022
	Marketplace		Resale		Consolidated			Marketplace		Resale		Consolidated
Revenues	$	130,542	$	26,276	$	156,818		$	370,972	$	64,312	$	435,284
Cost of revenues (exclusive of depreciation and amortization shown separately below)		17,950		19,667		37,617			52,912		49,291		102,203
Marketing and selling		66,323		—		66,323			179,963		—		179,963
Contribution margin	$	46,269	$	6,609		52,878		$	138,097	$	15,021		153,118
General and administrative						30,239							95,721
Depreciation and amortization						2,158							5,269
Change in fair value of contingent consideration						(1,220	)						(1,220	)
Income from operations						21,701							53,348
Interest expense – net						2,901							9,542
Loss on extinguishment of debt						—							4,285
Other expenses						(65	)						(6,618	)
Income before income taxes					$	18,865						$	46,139

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Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Deferred Costs, Capitalized, Prepaid, and Other Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets

Prepaid expenses and other current assets consist of the following (in thousands):

	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Recovery of future customer compensation	$	42,421	$	23,311
Prepaid expenses		6,591		6,032
Other current assets		395		569
Total prepaid expenses and other current assets	$	49,407	$	29,912

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Goodwill and Intangible Assets (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Subsidiary of Limited Liability Company or Limited Partnership [Line Items]

Schedule of Goodwill and Intangible Assets

The net changes in the carrying amounts of our intangible assets and goodwill were as follows (in thousands):

	Definite-lived Intangible Assets			Trademark			Goodwill
Balance at January 1, 2023	$	17,310		$	64,666		$	715,258
Wavedash acquisition		29,673			2,173			45,351
Foreign currency translation		(418	)		(30	)		(638	)
Capitalized development costs		8,067			—			—
Disposals		(43	)		—			—
Amortization		(7,525	)		—			—
Balance at September 30, 2023	$	47,064		$	66,809		$	759,971

	Definite-lived Intangible Assets			Trademark		Goodwill
Balance at January 1, 2022	$	13,845		$	64,666	$	718,204
Betcha acquisition adjustment		(890	)		—		(2,946	)
Capitalized development costs		8,988			—		—
Amortization		(5,009	)		—		—
Balance at September 30, 2022	$	16,934		$	64,666	$	715,258

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Fair Value Measurements (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Subsidiary of Limited Liability Company or Limited Partnership [Line Items]

Schedule of financial instruments recorded at fair value on recurring basis

Financial instruments recorded at fair value on recurring basis as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 are as follows (in thousands):

	Fair Value Measurements Using
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
September 30, 2023
Money market funds (cash equivalent)	$	190,054	$	—	$	—	$	190,054
Investments:
Note		—		—		2,536		2,536
Warrant		—		—		3,506		3,506
	$	190,054	$	—	$	6,042	$	196,096
	Fair Value Measurements Using
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
December 31, 2022
Money market funds (cash equivalent)	$	203,285	$	—	$	—	$	203,285
	$	203,285	$	—	$	—	$	203,285

Schedule of financial instruments quantitative information using the Level 3 significant unobservable inputs

The following table presents quantitative information about the significant unobservable inputs applied to these Level 3 fair value measurements:

Assets	Significant Unobservable Inputs	September 30, 2023
Note	Expected terms (years)		7.0
	Implied Yield		23.0	%
Warrant	Estimated volatility		55.0	%
	Expected terms (years)		7.0
	Risk-free rate		4.6	%
	Expected dividend yield		0	%

Schedule of reconiliation of the financial instruments measured at fair value using Level 3 significant unobservable inputs

The following table provides a reconciliation of the financial instruments measured at fair value using Level 3 significant unobservable inputs for the three months ended September 30, 2023 (in thousands):

	Note		Warrant
Balance as of July 3, 2023 (inception)	$	2,411	$	3,589
Accretion of discount		8
Interest paid-in-kind		117
Total unrealized gains or losses:
Recognized in earnings		—		(83	)
Balance at September 30, 2023	$	2,536	$	3,506

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Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Payables and Accruals [Abstract]

Summary of Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities

Accrued expenses and other current liabilities consist of the following (in thousands):

	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Accrued marketing expense	$	44,709	$	26,873
Accrued taxes		938		542
Accrued customer credits		63,754		88,167
Accrued future customer compensation		46,263		30,181
Accrued contingencies		—		5,898
Accrued payroll		13,363		10,660
Other current liabilities		28,220		19,649
Total accrued expenses and other current liabilities	$	197,247	$	181,970

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Debt (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Summary of Outstanding debt

Our outstanding debt is comprised of the following (in thousands):

	September 30, 2023			December 31, 2022
February 2022 First Lien Loan	$	270,875		$	272,938
Shoko Chukin Bank Loan		3,068			—
Total long-term debt, gross		273,943			272,938
Less: unamortized debt issuance costs		(4,760	)		(5,290	)
Total long-term debt, net of issuance costs		269,183			267,648
Less: current portion		(3,308	)		(2,750	)
Total long-term debt, net	$	265,875		$	264,898

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Financial Instruments (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Investments, All Other Investments [Abstract]

Summary of Fair Value of Option Contingent Warrants

The following assumptions were used to calculate the fair value of the Hoya Intermediate Warrants and the Option Contingent Warrants:

	September 30, 2023			December 31, 2022
Estimated volatility		46.0	%		39.0	%
Expected term (years)		8.1			8.8
Risk-free rate		4.6	%		3.9	%
Expected dividend yield		0.0	%		0.0	%

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Equity-Based Compensation (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]

Fair Value Assumptions for Stock Option at the Date of Grant

The following assumptions were used to calculate the fair value of our stock options:

	June 14, 2023			March 10, 2023
Volatility		42.0	%		42.0	%
Expected term (years)		7.0			5.9
Risk-free rate		4.0	%		3.9	%
Dividend yield		0.0	%		0.0	%

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Earnings Per Share (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Schedule of Net Income Attributable to Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests

The following table provides net income attributable to Hoya Topco's redeemable noncontrolling interests (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023			2022			2023			2022
Net income—Hoya Intermediate	$	17,672		$	18,761		$	61,674		$	45,963
Hoya Topco’s weighted average % allocation of Hoya Intermediate's net income		52.9	%		59.1	%		56.8	%		59.5	%
Net income attributable to Hoya Topco's redeemable noncontrolling interests	$	9,341		$	11,084		$	35,045		$	27,368

Schedule of Earnings Per Share, Basic and Diluted

The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted net income per share of Class A common stock for the periods in which shares of our Class A and Class B common stock were outstanding (in thousands, except share and per share data):

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Numerator—basic:
Net income	$	16,018	$	18,747	$	84,616	$	45,945
Less: Income attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests		9,341		11,084		35,045		27,368
Net income attributable to Class A Common Stockholders—basic		6,677		7,663		49,571		18,577
Denominator—basic:
Weighted average Class A common stock outstanding—basic		96,407,327		81,996,447		86,403,617		80,145,329
Net income per Class A common stock—basic	$	0.07	$	0.09	$	0.57	$	0.23
Numerator—diluted:
Net income attributable to Class A Common Stockholders—basic	$	6,677	$	7,663	$	49,571	$	18,577
Net income effect of dilutive securities:
Effect of Exercise Warrants		—		—		—		—
Effect of RSUs		15		1		68		—
Effect of noncontrolling interests		—		—		33,874		27,368
Net income attributable to Class A Common Stockholders—diluted		6,692		7,664		83,513		45,945
Denominator—diluted:
Weighted average Class A common stock outstanding—basic		96,407,327		81,996,447		86,403,617		80,145,329
Weighted average effect of dilutive securities:
Effect of Noncontrolling Interests		—		—		109,514,286		118,200,000
Effect of Exercise Warrants		—		—		—		345,208
Effect of RSUs		455,572		27,016		389,828		19,232
Weighted average Class A common stock outstanding—diluted		96,862,899		82,023,463		196,307,731		198,709,769
Net income per Class A common stock—diluted	$	0.07	$	0.09	$	0.43	$	0.23

Summary of Potentially Dilutive Securities

The following table presents potentially dilutive securities excluded from the computation of diluted net income per share of Class A common stock for the periods presented that could potentially dilute earnings per share in the future:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
RSUs		1,576,861		2,446,014		857,813		1,273,638
Stock options		10,597,528		6,239,307		10,597,528		6,239,607
Public Warrants and Private Warrants		13,286,644		13,286,644		13,286,644		13,286,644
Exercise Warrants		34,000,000		34,000,000		34,000,000		17,000,000
Hoya Intermediate Warrants		6,000,000		6,000,000		6,000,000		6,000,000
Noncontrolling Interests		99,800,000		118,200,000		—		—

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Business Acquisition (Additional Information) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions		3 Months Ended	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 08, 2023	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2023
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Purchase Price of Acquisition	$ 10,946.1
Acquisition Costs		$ 1.9	$ 2.7
WD Holdings Co. Ltd.
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Acquisition Date	Sep. 08, 2023
Business Acquisition, Percentage of Voting Interests Acquired	100.00%
Purchase Price of Acquisition	$ 74.3

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Business Acquisition - Schedule of Estimated Fair Values of the Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Inventory	$ 21,533	$ 12,783
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	49,407	29,912
Right-of-use assets	9,291	7,859
Goodwill	759,971	715,258
Accounts payable	(219,118)	(161,312)
Long-term debt	(265,875)	(264,898)
Other non-current liabilities	29,745	$ 13,445
Betcha Sports Inc [Member]
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Cash	18,390
Accounts receivable	2,182
Inventory	49
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	259
Property and equipment	67
Right-of-use assets	1,927
Other net assets	675
Intangible assets	31,846
Goodwill	45,351
Accounts payable	(7,427)
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	(3,901)
Current maturities of long-term debt	(566)
Long-term debt	(2,546)
Other non-current liabilities	(11,981)
Net assets acquired	$ 74,325

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Business Acquisition - components of identifiable intangible assets acquired (in thousands) and their estimated useful lives (in years) as of the date of acquisition (Details) - Betcha Sports Inc [Member] $ in Thousands	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($)
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Business Combination, Recognized Identifiable Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed, Finite-Lived Intangibles	$ 31,846
Customer Relationships [Member]
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Business Combination, Recognized Identifiable Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed, Finite-Lived Intangibles	$ 5,500
Acquired Finite-Lived Intangible Assets, Weighted Average Useful Life	4 years
Developed Technology Rights [Member]
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Business Combination, Recognized Identifiable Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed, Finite-Lived Intangibles	$ 4,210
Acquired Finite-Lived Intangible Assets, Weighted Average Useful Life	3 years
Trade Names [Member]
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Business Combination, Recognized Identifiable Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed, Finite-Lived Intangibles	$ 2,173
Supplier Relationships [Member]
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Business Combination, Recognized Identifiable Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed, Finite-Lived Intangibles	$ 19,963
Acquired Finite-Lived Intangible Assets, Weighted Average Useful Life	5 years

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Revenue Recognition - Schedule of Market Place Revenues (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Marketplace revenues:
Total Marketplace revenues	$ 154,388	$ 130,542	$ 430,119	$ 370,972
Owned Properties
Marketplace revenues:
Total Marketplace revenues	122,778	106,597	329,006	288,827
Private Label
Marketplace revenues:
Total Marketplace revenues	31,610	23,945	101,113	82,145
Concerts
Marketplace revenues:
Total Marketplace revenues	87,142	63,802	239,762	188,291
Sports
Marketplace revenues:
Total Marketplace revenues	52,169	52,812	143,118	143,012
Theater
Marketplace revenues:
Total Marketplace revenues	14,788	13,526	45,705	37,997
Other
Marketplace revenues:
Total Marketplace revenues	$ 289	$ 402	$ 1,534	$ 1,672

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Revenue Recognition - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue from Related Parties	$ 33,700	$ 26,300	$ 84,500	$ 64,300
Deferred revenue	34,447		34,447		$ 31,983	$ 25,100
Deferred Revenue, Revenue Recognized	$ 1,900	$ 1,200	$ 13,600	$ 7,200

XML

Segment Reporting - Schedule of Segment Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended						9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2023	Mar. 31, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2022	Mar. 31, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Depreciation and amortization							$ 8,603	$ 5,269
Change in fair value of contingent consideration							(998)	(1,220)
Loss on extinguishment of debt							0	(4,285)
Net Income (Loss)	$ 6,677	$ 30,712	$ 12,182	$ 7,663	$ 9,655	$ 1,259
Subsidiaries [Member]
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenues	188,133			156,818			514,576	435,284
Cost of revenues (exclusive of depreciation and amortization shown separately below)	50,462			37,617			130,838	102,203
General and administrative	37,225			30,239			107,921	95,721
Depreciation and amortization	3,301			2,158			8,603	5,269
Change in fair value of contingent consideration	20			(1,220)			(998)	(1,220)
Income from operations	20,119			21,701			71,242	53,348
Interest expense – net	2,544			2,901			8,596	9,542
Loss on extinguishment of debt	0			0			0	(4,285)
Other expenses	(1,038)			(65)			(365)	(6,618)
Net Income (Loss)	6,677			7,663			49,571	18,577
Marketplace | Subsidiaries [Member]
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenues	154,388			130,542			430,119	370,972
Cost of revenues (exclusive of depreciation and amortization shown separately below)	23,923			17,950			66,749	52,912
Marketing and selling expenses	77,006			66,323			196,970	179,963
Contribution margin	53,459			46,269			166,400	138,097
Resale | Subsidiaries [Member]
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenues	33,745			26,276			84,457	64,312
Cost of revenues (exclusive of depreciation and amortization shown separately below)	26,539			19,667			64,089	49,291
Marketing and selling expenses	0			0			0	0
Contribution margin	7,206			6,609			20,368	15,021
Consolidated | Subsidiaries [Member]
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenues	188,133			156,818			514,576	435,284
Cost of revenues (exclusive of depreciation and amortization shown separately below)	50,462			37,617			130,838	102,203
Marketing and selling expenses	77,006			66,323			196,970	179,963
Contribution margin	60,665			52,878			186,768	153,118
General and administrative	37,225			30,239			107,921	95,721
Depreciation and amortization	3,301			2,158			8,603	5,269
Change in fair value of contingent consideration	20			(1,220)			(998)	(1,220)
Income from operations	20,119			21,701			71,242	53,348
Interest expense – net	2,544			2,901			8,596	9,542
Loss on extinguishment of debt				0				4,285
Other expenses	(1,038)			(65)			(365)	(6,618)
Net Income (Loss)	$ 18,613			$ 18,865			$ 63,011	$ 46,139

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Accounts Receivable - Net (Additional Information) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Accounts receivable net	$ 7,800		$ 7,800		$ 1,000
Accounts receivable	64,829		64,829		36,531
Allowance for doubtful accounts	4,000		4,000		100
Accounts receivable write offs	0	$ 0	0	$ 0
Distribution Partners [Member]
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Accounts receivable net	12,100		12,100		11,700
Allowance for doubtful accounts	5,000		5,000		3,600
Uncollateralized Payment [Member]
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Accounts receivable net	$ 42,200		$ 42,200		$ 18,900

XML

Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets - Schedule of Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Subsidiary of Limited Liability Company or Limited Partnership [Line Items]
Recovery of future customer compensation	$ 42,421	$ 23,311
Prepaid expenses	6,591	6,032
Other current assets	395	569
Total prepaid expenses and other current assets	$ 49,407	$ 29,912

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Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets - Additional Information (Details) $ in Millions	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($)
Subsidiary of Limited Liability Company or Limited Partnership [Line Items]
Change in recovery of future customer compensation	$ 19.1

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Goodwill and Intangible Assets - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022
Goodwill [Line Items]
Amortization of intangible assets	$ 2.9	$ 2.1	$ 7.5	$ 5.0
Impairment			563.2		$ 563.2
Developed Technology
Goodwill [Line Items]
Carrying Amount of Definite Lived Intangible Assets	47.1		47.1		17.3
Accumulated amortization	$ 17.2		$ 17.2		$ 9.6

XML

Goodwill and Intangible Assets - Schedule of Goodwill and Intangible Assets (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Goodwill [Member]
Goodwill [Line Items]
Beginning balance	$ 715,258	$ 718,204
Betcha acquisition adjustment		(2,946)
Wavedash acquisition	45,351
Foreign currency translation	(638)
Capitalized development costs	0	0
Disposals	0
Amortization	0	0
Ending balance	759,971	715,258
Definite-lived Intangible Assets [Member]
Goodwill [Line Items]
Beginning balance	17,310	13,845
Betcha acquisition adjustment		(890)
Wavedash acquisition	29,673
Foreign currency translation	(418)
Capitalized development costs	8,067	8,988
Disposals	(43)
Amortization	(7,525)	(5,009)
Ending balance	47,064	16,934
Trademarks [Member]
Goodwill [Line Items]
Beginning balance	64,666	64,666
Betcha acquisition adjustment		0
Wavedash acquisition	2,173
Foreign currency translation	(30)
Capitalized development costs	0	0
Disposals	0
Amortization	0	0
Ending balance	$ 66,809	$ 64,666

XML

Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities - Summary of Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Subsidiary of Limited Liability Company or Limited Partnership [Line Items]
Accrued marketing expense	$ 44,709	$ 26,873
Accrued taxes	938	542
Accrued customer credits	63,754	88,167
Accrued future customer compensation	46,263	30,181
Accrued Contingencies	0	5,898
Accrued payroll	13,363	10,660
Other current liabilities	28,220	19,649
Total accrued expenses and other current liabilities	$ 197,247	$ 181,970

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Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Subsidiary of Limited Liability Company or Limited Partnership [Line Items]
Customer credits redeemed	$ 2.6	$ 5.6	$ 7.8	$ 22.9
Revenue from breakage	7.7	1.8	18.4	5.0
Increase and decrease in revenue	1.5	$ 4.6	0.2	$ 4.5
Milestone payment	$ 6.0		$ 6.0

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Investments (Additional Information) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2023	Jul. 31, 2023
Schedule of Investments [Table]
Convertible promissory note			$ 6.0
Interest on outstanding principal and accrued interest			8.00%
Unrealized gain	$ 0.1	$ 0.1
Amortized cost amounted	$ 2.5	$ 2.5
Warrants [Member]
Schedule of Investments [Table]
Purchase of warrants			1,874,933

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Debt - Summary of Outstanding Debt (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Extinguishment Of Debt [Line Items]
Total long-term debt, gross	$ 273,943	$ 272,938
Shoko Chukin Bank Loan	3,068	0
Less: unamortized debt issuance costs	(4,760)	(5,290)
Total long-term debt, net of issuance costs	269,183	267,648
Less: current portion	(3,308)	(2,750)
Total long-term debt, net	265,875	264,898
February 2022 First Lien Loan
Extinguishment Of Debt [Line Items]
Total long-term debt, gross	$ 270,875	$ 272,938

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Debt - Additional Information (Details) ¥ in Millions			1 Months Ended	9 Months Ended
	Feb. 03, 2022 USD ($)	Oct. 28, 2019	Jun. 30, 2017 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2022 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2023 JPY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)	Oct. 18, 2021 USD ($)	Jul. 02, 2018 USD ($)
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Loss on extinguishment of debt				$ 0	$ (4,285,000)
Long-term debt				265,875,000			$ 264,898,000
Maturity date	Feb. 03, 2029
Amortization payments				688,000	819,000
June 2017 First Lien Loan
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Long-term Line of Credit			$ 575,000,000
Proceeds from revolving facility			50,000,000
June 2017 Second Lien Loan
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Long-term Line of Credit	$ 275,000,000		185,000,000
Line of credit up-sized									$ 115,000,000
Debt instrument, redemption period, end date		Oct. 28, 2019
Repayments of debt	190,700,000
February 2022 First Lien Loan
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Long-term Line of Credit	275,000,000
Loss on extinguishment of debt					$ 4,300,000
Amortization payments				$ 700,000
Effective interest rate				9.04%		9.04%	7.98%
Revolving Credit Facility | June 2017 Second Lien Loan
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Long-term Line of Credit			$ 525,000,000
Revolving Credit Facility | February 2022 First Lien Loan
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Proceeds from revolving facility	$ 100,000,000
Outstanding borrowings				$ 0
WaveDash's Long-Term Debt
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Long-term debt				$ 3,100,000		¥ 458.3
Interest rate on Long Term Debt				1.27%		1.27%
Merger Transaction
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Loan principal payments								$ 148,200,000
SOFR Rate
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Effective interest rate				3.25%		3.25%
SOFR Rate | February 2022 First Lien Loan
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Floor rate				0.50%		0.50%

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Financial Instruments - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands				3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Jun. 15, 2023	May 22, 2023	May 25, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Schedule Of Available For Sale Securities [Line Items]
Derivative warrant liability				$ 20,400		$ 20,400
Fair value of option contingent warrants						1,600
Fair Value Adjustment of Warrants						$ (991)	$ (6,618)
Dollar Ten Exercise Warrants
Schedule Of Available For Sale Securities [Line Items]
Warrant exercise price per share				$ 10		$ 10
Class A Warrants				17,000,000		17,000,000
Exercise Warrants
Schedule Of Available For Sale Securities [Line Items]
Warrant expiration period				10 years		10 years
Hoya Intermediate Warrants
Schedule Of Available For Sale Securities [Line Items]
Number of securities called by warrants				1,000,000		1,000,000
Fair value of option contingent warrants				$ 1,700	$ 100	$ 1,000	$ 6,600
Horizon Sponsor LLC | Dollar Ten Exercise Warrants
Schedule Of Available For Sale Securities [Line Items]
Warrant exercise price per share				$ 10		$ 10
Hoya Topco L L C [Member] | Secondary Offering
Schedule Of Available For Sale Securities [Line Items]
Sales price, per share				$ 7.68		$ 7.68
Hoya Topco L L C [Member] | Hoya Intermediate Warrants
Schedule Of Available For Sale Securities [Line Items]
Number of securities called by warrants				3,000,000		3,000,000
Warrant exercise price per share				$ 15		$ 15
Hoya Intermediate, LLC
Schedule Of Available For Sale Securities [Line Items]
Options forfeited or expiired						$ 100
Warrant Purchased						17,000,000
Number of shares authorized to be repurchased			5,300,000
Payment of Commission			$ 100
Stock repurchased during period				0
Hoya Intermediate, LLC | Secondary Offering
Schedule Of Available For Sale Securities [Line Items]
Sales price, per share				$ 8		$ 8
Marketing and selling expenses						$ 1,500
Hoya Intermediate, LLC | Dollar Ten Exercise Warrants
Schedule Of Available For Sale Securities [Line Items]
Warrant exercise price per share				10		$ 10
Mirror Warrants
Schedule Of Available For Sale Securities [Line Items]
Warrant exercise price per share				$ 11.5		$ 11.5
Class A Warrants				13,286,644		13,286,644
Warrant Purchased						24,652,557
Mirror Warrants | Dollar Ten Exercise Warrants
Schedule Of Available For Sale Securities [Line Items]
Warrant exercise price per share				$ 10		$ 10
Class A Warrants				17,000,000		17,000,000
Mirror Warrants | Dollar Fifteen Exercise Warrants
Schedule Of Available For Sale Securities [Line Items]
Warrant exercise price per share				$ 15		$ 15
Class A Warrants				17,000,000		17,000,000
Warrants [Member] | Horizon Sponsor LLC
Schedule Of Available For Sale Securities [Line Items]
Number of securities called by warrants				5,166,666		5,166,666
Warrants [Member] | Horizon Sponsor LLC | Class A Public Warrants
Schedule Of Available For Sale Securities [Line Items]
Class A Warrants				6,766,853		6,766,853
Private Warrants
Schedule Of Available For Sale Securities [Line Items]
Class A Warrants				6,519,791		6,519,791
Common Stock | Hoya Topco L L C [Member]
Schedule Of Available For Sale Securities [Line Items]
Number of securities called by warrants				3,000,000		3,000,000
Warrant exercise price per share				$ 10		$ 10
Class A Common Stock | Secondary Offering
Schedule Of Available For Sale Securities [Line Items]
Number of shares issued		16,000,000
Class A Common Stock | Dollar Fifteen Exercise Warrants
Schedule Of Available For Sale Securities [Line Items]
Warrant exercise price per share				$ 15		$ 15
Class A Warrants				17,000,000		17,000,000
Class A Common Stock | Horizon Sponsor LLC | Dollar Ten Exercise Warrants
Schedule Of Available For Sale Securities [Line Items]
Number of securities called by warrants				17,000,000		17,000,000
Warrant exercise price per share				$ 10		$ 10
Class A Common Stock | Horizon Sponsor LLC | Dollar Fifteen Exercise Warrants
Schedule Of Available For Sale Securities [Line Items]
Number of securities called by warrants				17,000,000		17,000,000
Warrant exercise price per share				$ 15		$ 15
Class A Common Stock | Hoya Topco L L C [Member] | Secondary Offering
Schedule Of Available For Sale Securities [Line Items]
Proceeds from sale of shares						$ 0
Class A Common Stock | Hoya Intermediate, LLC
Schedule Of Available For Sale Securities [Line Items]
Number of securities called by warrants				17,000,000		17,000,000
Share repurchase program, authorized amount			$ 40,000
Class A Common Stock | Hoya Intermediate, LLC | Secondary Offering
Schedule Of Available For Sale Securities [Line Items]
Number of shares issued	2,400,000					18,400,000
Shares sold by stockholder						18,400,000
Class A Common Stock | Hoya Intermediate, LLC | Dollar Fifteen Exercise Warrants
Schedule Of Available For Sale Securities [Line Items]
Warrant exercise price per share				$ 15		$ 15
Class A Common Stock | Mirror Warrants | Dollar Fifteen Exercise Warrants
Schedule Of Available For Sale Securities [Line Items]
Warrant Purchased						15
Class A Common Stock | Warrants [Member] | Class A Public Warrants
Schedule Of Available For Sale Securities [Line Items]
Warrant exercise price per share				11.5		$ 11.5
Class A Common Stock | Warrants [Member] | Horizon Sponsor LLC
Schedule Of Available For Sale Securities [Line Items]
Stock issued during period, shares						18,132,776
Class A Common Stock | Private Warrants | Horizon Sponsor LLC | Class A Private Warrants [Member]
Schedule Of Available For Sale Securities [Line Items]
Warrant exercise price per share				11.5		$ 11.5
Stock issued during period, shares						6,519,791
Class B Common Stock | Hoya Intermediate, LLC | Secondary Offering
Schedule Of Available For Sale Securities [Line Items]
Exchanged shares by stockholder						18,400,000
Minimum
Schedule Of Available For Sale Securities [Line Items]
Warrant exercise price per share				10		$ 10
Maximum
Schedule Of Available For Sale Securities [Line Items]
Warrant exercise price per share				$ 15		$ 15

XML

Financial Instruments - Summary of Fair Value of Option Contingent Warrants (Details)	9 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Subsidiary of Limited Liability Company or Limited Partnership [Line Items]
Estimated volatility	46.00%	39.00%
Expected term (years)	8 years 1 month 6 days	8 years 9 months 18 days
Risk-free rate	4.60%	3.90%
Expected dividend yield	0.00%	0.00%

XML

Fair Value Measurements - Schedule of Financial Instruments Recorded at Fair Value on Recurring Basis (Details) - Fair Value, Recurring [Member] - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Total cash equivalent		$ 203,285
Total investments	$ 196,096
Warrants [Member]
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Total investments	3,506
Money market funds [Member]
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Total cash equivalent	190,054	203,285
Convertible promissory note [Member]
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Total investments	2,536
Level 1
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Total cash equivalent		203,285
Total investments	190,054
Level 1 | Warrants [Member]
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Total investments	0
Level 1 | Money market funds [Member]
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Total cash equivalent	190,054	203,285
Level 1 | Convertible promissory note [Member]
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Total investments	0
Level 2
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Total cash equivalent		0
Total investments	0
Level 2 | Warrants [Member]
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Total investments	0
Level 2 | Money market funds [Member]
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Total cash equivalent	0	0
Level 2 | Convertible promissory note [Member]
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Total investments	0
Level 3
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Total cash equivalent		0
Total investments	6,042
Level 3 | Warrants [Member]
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Total investments	3,506
Level 3 | Money market funds [Member]
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Total cash equivalent	0	$ 0
Level 3 | Convertible promissory note [Member]
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Total investments	$ 2,536

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Fair Value Measurements - Significant Unobservable Inputs for Level 3 Fair Value Measurement (Details)	9 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Risk-free rate	4.60%	3.90%
Expected term (years)	8 years 1 month 6 days	8 years 9 months 18 days
Estimated volatility	46.00%	39.00%
Expected dividend yield	0.00%	0.00%
Level 3 | Warrants [Member]
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Risk-free rate	4.60%
Expected term (years)	7 years
Estimated volatility	55.00%
Expected dividend yield	0.00%
Level 3 | Convertible promissory note [Member]
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Expected term (years)	7 years
Dividend yield	23.00%

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Fair Value Measurements - Changes in Significant Unobservable Inputs (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2023
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Unrealized gain	$ 100		$ 100
Level 3 | Warrants [Member]
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Balance as of July 3, 2023 (inception)		$ 3,589
Recognized in earnings		(83)
Balance at September 30, 2023	3,506	3,506	3,506
Convertible promissory note [Member] | Level 3
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Balance as of July 3, 2023 (inception)		2,411
Accretion of discount		8
Interest paid-in-kind		117
Recognized in earnings		0
Balance at September 30, 2023	$ 2,536	$ 2,536	$ 2,536

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Commitments and Contingencies - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions		9 Months Ended
	Nov. 01, 2021	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Attorney And Administrative Fees		$ 3.3
Hoya Intermediate, LLC
Termination date	Nov. 01, 2021
Hoya Intermediate, LLC | Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets
Claim settlement pool		4.5
Hoya Intermediate, LLC | Canada
Accrued liabilities		$ 0.9	$ 0.9
Accrued Liabilities
Accrued liabilities			$ 1.6

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Related-Party Transactions - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Tax receivable agreement percentage of amount of tax savings				85.00%
Liability from secondary offering			$ 99,000,000	$ 99,000,000
Tax receivable agreement, amount due for payments	$ 0			0
Adjustments to additional paid in capital				(46,100,000)
Increase in deferred tax assets			$ 52,800,000	52,845,000	$ 0
Vivid Cheers [Member]
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Charitable contributions, amount	0	$ 0		0	600,000
Accrued charitable contributions payable	0			0		$ 0
Viral [Member]
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Marketing and selling expenses	100,000	200,000		100,000	800,000
Rolling Stone [Member]
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Marketing and selling expenses	200,000	500,000		700,000	600,000
Khoros LLC [Member]
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Marketing and selling expenses	100,000	100,000		100,000	100,000
Angeles Dodgers [Member]
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Marketing and selling expenses	$ 1,100,000	$ 0		1,100,000	$ 0
Tax Receivable Agreement [Member]
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Increase in deferred tax assets				$ 52,800,000

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Income Taxes (Additional Information) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Income tax expense (benefit) continuing operations	$ (2,600)	$ (100)		$ 21,600	$ (200)
Increase in deferred tax assets			$ 52,800	52,845	$ 0
Income tax refund from authority			7,800
Liability from secondary offering			$ 99,000	99,000
Deferred tax assets	$ 31,300			$ 31,300
State and Federal Net Operating Loss Rate				21.00%
Adjustments to additional paid in capital				$ (46,100)
Tax receivable agreement percentage of amount of tax savings				85.00%
Aggregate tax amount saved				$ 116,400
Percentage of tax payable under tax receivable agreement	85.00%			85.00%
Amount of tax payable under tax receivable agreement				$ 99,000
Tax receivable agreement, amount due for payments	$ 0			$ 0
Tax receivable agreement period due for payments				15 years
Tax Receivable Agreement [Member]
Increase in deferred tax assets				$ 52,800

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Equity-Based Compensation (Additional Information) (Details) - USD ($)	1 Months Ended				3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Aug. 31, 2023	Jun. 30, 2023	May 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2023	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022
RSUs
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Granted	100,000	100,000	100,000	2,500,000
Vested, amount					$ 300,000	$ 100,000	$ 1,000,000	$ 200,000
Weighted average, term							2 years
Outstanding options, forfeited					100,000	200,000	200,000	300,000
Weighted average grant date fair value	$ 7.45	$ 7.68	$ 7.67	$ 7.17
Shares outstanding					4,100,000		4,100,000		2,600,000
Unrecognized compensation expense							$ 35,800,000
Equity-based compensation expense					$ 3,900,000	$ 2,300,000	$ 10,500,000	$ 6,000,000
Employee Stock Option
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Vesting period				3 years
Weighted average, term				10 years			2 years
Stock option exercise price				$ 7.17	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0
Outstanding options, granted		900,000		3,600,000
Outstanding options, forfeited					0	400,000	100,000	400,000
Weighted average grant date fair value				$ 3.3
Stock options outstanding					10,600,000		10,600,000		6,100,000
Unrecognized compensation expense							$ 25,400,000
Equity-based compensation expense					$ 2,800,000	$ 1,700,000	7,300,000	$ 4,600,000
Profit Interests
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Unrecognized compensation expense							1,600,000
Equity-based compensation expense					$ 1,000,000	$ 1,100,000	$ 3,000,000	$ 3,400,000
Share based payment arrangement, not yet recognized, term							2 years
Tranche One | Employee Stock Option
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Stock option exercise price		$ 7.98
Outstanding options, granted		200,000
Weighted average grant date fair value		$ 3.22
Tranche Two | Employee Stock Option
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Stock option exercise price		$ 17
Outstanding options, granted		300,000
Weighted average grant date fair value		$ 1.87
Tranche Three | Employee Stock Option
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Stock option exercise price		$ 23
Outstanding options, granted		400,000
Weighted average grant date fair value		$ 1.44
Maximum | RSUs
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Granted		100,000
Weighted average grant date fair value		$ 7.98

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Equity-Based Compensation - Fair Value Assumptions for Stock Option at the Date of Grant (Details) - Employee Stock Option	Jun. 14, 2023	Mar. 10, 2023
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Volatility	42.00%	42.00%
Expected term (years)	7 years	5 years 10 months 24 days
Interest rate	4.00%	3.90%
Dividend yield	0.00%	0.00%

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Earnings Per Share - Schedule of Net Income Attributable to Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Net income	$ 17,672	$ 18,761	$ 61,674	$ 45,963
Hoya Topcos weighted average allocation of Hoya Intermediates net income	52.90%	59.10%	56.80%	59.50%
Net income attributable to Hoya Topco's redeemable noncontrolling interests	$ 9,341	$ 11,084	$ 35,045	$ 27,368
Subsidiaries [Member]
Net income	16,018	18,747	84,616	45,945
Net income attributable to Hoya Topco's redeemable noncontrolling interests	$ 9,341	$ 11,084	$ 35,045	$ 27,368

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Earnings Per Share - Schedule of Earnings Per Share, Basic and Diluted (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Numerator for earnings per share calculation
Net income	$ 17,672	$ 18,761	$ 61,674	$ 45,963
Less: Income attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests	9,341	11,084	35,045	27,368
Subsidiaries [Member]
Numerator for earnings per share calculation
Net income	16,018	18,747	84,616	45,945
Less: Income attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests	9,341	11,084	35,045	27,368
Foreign currency translation adjustment attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests	$ 6,511	$ 7,663	$ 49,405	$ 18,577
Denominator for earnings per share calculation
Weighted average Class A common stock outstanding-basic	96,407,327	81,996,447	86,403,617	80,145,329
Weighted Average Number of Shares Outstanding, Diluted	0	82,023,463	0	198,709,769
Basic EPS
Effect of Exercise Warrants	0	0	0	345,208
Effect of RSUs	15	1	68	0
Effect of Noncontrolling Interests	0	0	109,514,286	118,200,000
Net income per Class A common stock-basic	$ 0	$ 0.09	$ 0	$ 0.23
Diluted EPS
Comprehensive income attributable to Class A Common Stockholders	$ 6,511	$ 7,663	$ 49,405	$ 18,577
Effect of Exercise Warrants	0	0	0	0
Effect of RSUs	455,572	27,016	389,828	19,232
Effect of dilutive Noncontrolling Interests	0	0	33,874	27,368
Net income per Class A common stock-diluted	$ 0	$ 0.09	$ 0	$ 0.23
Common Class A [Member] | Subsidiaries [Member]
Numerator for earnings per share calculation
Foreign currency translation adjustment attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests	$ 6,692	$ 7,664	$ 83,513	$ 45,945
Net Income (Loss) Available to Common Stockholders, Basic, Total	$ 6,677	$ 7,663	$ 49,571	$ 18,577
Denominator for earnings per share calculation
Weighted average Class A common stock outstanding-basic	96,407,327	81,996,447	86,403,617	80,145,329
Weighted Average Number of Shares Outstanding, Diluted	96,862,899	82,023,463	196,307,731	198,709,769
Basic EPS
Net income attributable to Class A Common Stockholders-basic	$ 6,677	$ 7,663	$ 49,571	$ 18,577
Net income per Class A common stock-basic	$ 0.07	$ 0.09	$ 0.57	$ 0.23
Diluted EPS
Comprehensive income attributable to Class A Common Stockholders	$ 6,692	$ 7,664	$ 83,513	$ 45,945
Net income per Class A common stock-diluted	$ 0.07	$ 0.09	$ 0.43	$ 0.23

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Earnings Per Share - Summary of Potentially Dilutive Securities (Details) - Subsidiaries [Member] - shares	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
RSUs
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Dilutive common equivalent units	1,576,861	2,446,014	857,813	1,273,638
Stock options
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Dilutive common equivalent units	10,597,528	6,239,307	10,597,528	6,239,607
Exercise Warrants
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Dilutive common equivalent units	34,000,000	34,000,000	34,000,000	17,000,000
Hoya Intermediate Warrants
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Dilutive common equivalent units	6,000,000	6,000,000	6,000,000	6,000,000
Public Warrants and Private Warrants
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Dilutive common equivalent units	13,286,644	13,286,644	13,286,644	13,286,644
Noncontrolling Interest
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Dilutive common equivalent units	0	118,200,000	0	0

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Subsequent events - Additional Information (Details) - Subsequent Event - Forecast - VDC Holdco $ / shares in Units, $ in Millions	Nov. 03, 2023 USD ($) $ / shares
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Ownership percentage	100.00%
Total Cash Consideration	$ 243.8
Customary closing adjustments in cash	153.6
Class A common stock	$ 15.6
Class A common stock, price per share | $ / shares	$ 5.8