UNITED STATES
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Washington, D.C. 20549
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by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities
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| ☒ | Smaller reporting company | ||
| Emerging growth company | |||
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MONTANA TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION
TABLE OF CONTENTS
i
PART 1 - FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
MONTANA
TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (UNAUDITED)
| June 30, | December 31, | |||||||
| 2024 | 2023 | |||||||
| Assets | ||||||||
| Current assets | ||||||||
| Cash | $ | $ | ||||||
| Prepaid expenses and other current assets | ||||||||
| Total current assets | ||||||||
| Operating lease right-of-use asset | ||||||||
| Property and equipment, net | ||||||||
| Investment in AirJoule, LLC | ||||||||
| Total assets | $ | $ | ||||||
| Liabilities and Stockholders’ equity (deficit) | ||||||||
| Current liabilities | ||||||||
| Accounts payable | $ | $ | ||||||
| Accrued transaction fees | ||||||||
| Other accrued expenses | ||||||||
| Operating lease liability, current | ||||||||
| True Up Shares liability | ||||||||
| Total current liabilities | ||||||||
| Earnout Shares liability | ||||||||
| Subject Vesting Shares liability | ||||||||
| Operating lease liability, non-current | ||||||||
| Deferred tax liability | ||||||||
| Total liabilities | $ | $ | ||||||
| Commitments and contingencies (Note 12) | ||||||||
| Stockholders’ equity (deficit) | ||||||||
| Preferred stock, $ | $ | $ | ||||||
| Class A Common stock, $ | ||||||||
| Class B Common stock, $ | ||||||||
| Additional paid-in capital | ||||||||
| Retained earnings (accumulated deficit) | ( | ) | ||||||
| Total stockholders’ equity (deficit) | ( | ) | ||||||
| Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity (deficit) | $ | $ | ||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
1
MONTANA
TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS (UNAUDITED)
| Three Months Ended June 30, | Six Months Ended June 30, | |||||||||||||||
| 2024 | 2023 | 2024 | 2023 | |||||||||||||
| Costs and expenses: | ||||||||||||||||
| General and administrative | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
| Research and development | ||||||||||||||||
| Sales and marketing | ||||||||||||||||
| Transaction costs incurred in connection with business combination | ||||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | ||||||||||||||||
| Loss from operations | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||
| Other income, net: | ||||||||||||||||
| Interest income | ||||||||||||||||
| Gain on contribution to AirJoule, LLC | ||||||||||||||||
| Equity loss from investment in AirJoule, LLC | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||
| Change in fair value of Earnout Shares liability | ||||||||||||||||
| Change in fair value of True Up Shares liability | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||
| Change in fair value of Subject Vesting Shares | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||
| Gain on settlement of legal fees | ||||||||||||||||
| Total other income (expenses), net | ||||||||||||||||
| Income (loss) before income taxes | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||
| Income tax benefit (expense) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | $ | ( | ) | ||||||||
| Weighted average Class A common stock outstanding, basic | ||||||||||||||||
| Basic net income (loss) per share, Class A common stock | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | $ | ( | ) | ||||||||
| Weighted average Class A common stock outstanding, diluted | ||||||||||||||||
| Diluted net income (loss), per share, Class A common stock | $ | ( | ) | $ | $ | ( | ) | |||||||||
| Basic net income (loss) per share, Class B common stock | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | $ | ( | ) | ||||||||
| Diluted net income (loss) per share, Class B common stock | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | ||||||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
2
MONTANA
TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN MEMBERS’ AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (DEFICIT) (UNAUDITED)
For the Three and Six Months Ended June 30, 2024
| Members’ | Preferred | Class
A Common Stock | Class
B Common Stock | Subscription | Additional Paid-In | Accumulated | Total Stockholders’ Equity | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Contribution | Units | Shares | Amount | Shares | Amount | Receivable | Capital | Deficit | (Deficit) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance at December 31, 2023 | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Retroactive application of recapitalization | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance at December 31, 2023 | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of common stock | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Exercise of warrants | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Exercise of options | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Reverse capitalization, net of transaction costs | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance at March 31, 2024 | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of common stock pursuant to June 2024 subscription agreement | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Exercise of warrants | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Exercise of options | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Subscription proceeds received | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock based compensation | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance at June 30, 2024 | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
For the Three and Six Months Ended June 30, 2023
| Members’ | Preferred | Class A common stock | Class B Common Stock | Additional Paid-In | Accumulated | Total Stockholders’ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Contribution | Units | Shares | Amount | Shares | Amount | Capital | Deficit | Deficit | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance at December 31, 2022 | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Retroactive application of recapitalization | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance at December 31, 2022 | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of class A common stock | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss | — | — | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance at March 31, 2023 | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of common stock | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock based compensation | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss | — | — | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance at June 30, 2023 | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
3
MONTANA
TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (UNAUDITED)
| For the Six Months Ended June 30, | ||||||||
| 2024 | 2023 | |||||||
| Cash Flows from Operating Activities | ||||||||
| Net income (loss) | $ | $ | ( | ) | ||||
| Adjustment to reconcile net income (loss) to cash used in operating activities: | ||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | ||||||||
| Deferred tax expense | ||||||||
| Amortization of operating lease right-of-use assets | ||||||||
| Change in fair value of Earnout Shares liability | ( | ) | ||||||
| Change in fair value of True Up Shares liability | ( | ) | ||||||
| Change in fair value of Subject Vesting Shares liability | ||||||||
| Gain on contribution to AirJoule, LLC | ( | ) | ||||||
| Equity loss from investment in AirJoule, LLC | ||||||||
| Non-cash transaction costs in connection with business combination | ||||||||
| Gain on settlement of legal fees | ( | ) | ||||||
| Share-based compensation | ||||||||
| Changes in operating assets and liabilities: | ||||||||
| Prepaid expenses and other assets | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Operating lease liabilities | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Accounts payable | ( | ) | ||||||
| Due to related party | ( | ) | ||||||
| Accrued expenses, accrued transaction costs and other liabilities | ( | ) | ||||||
| Net cash used in operating activities | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Cash Flows from Investing Activities | ||||||||
| Purchases of fixed assets | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Investment in AirJoule, LLC | ( | ) | ||||||
| Net cash used in investing activities | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Cash Flows from Financing Activities | ||||||||
| Proceeds from the exercise of warrants | ||||||||
| Proceeds from the exercise of options | ||||||||
| Proceeds from the issuance of common stock pursuant to subscription agreements | ||||||||
| Issuance of preferred units | ||||||||
| Net cash provided by financing activities | ||||||||
| Net increase (decrease) in cash | ( | ) | ||||||
| Cash, beginning of period | ||||||||
| Cash, end of the period | $ | $ | ||||||
| Supplemental Non-Cash investing and financing activities: | ||||||||
| Initial recognition of True Up Shares liability | $ | $ | ||||||
| Initial recognition of Subject Vesting Shares liability | $ | $ | ||||||
| Initial recognition of ROU asset and operating lease liability | $ | $ | ||||||
| Liabilities combined in recapitalization, net | $ | $ | ||||||
| Contribution to AirJoule, LLC of license to technology | $ | $ | ||||||
| Supplemental Cash flow information: | ||||||||
| Taxes paid | $ | $ | ||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
4
MONTANA
TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION
NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Note 1 — ORGANIZATION AND BUSINESS OPERATIONS
Montana Technologies Corporation (the “Company”) was established to pursue the development and expected commercialization of various technological innovations and may engage in any activity or purpose permitted for a corporation organized in Delaware. The Company has created a transformational technology that provides significant energy efficiency gains in air conditioning and comfort cooling applications, as well as a potential source of potable water, all through its proprietary “AirJoule” units.
Power & Digital Infrastructure Acquisition II Corp (“XPDB”) entered into an Agreement and Plan of Merger (the “Merger Agreement”), dated June 5, 2023, as amended on February 5, 2024, with XPDB Merger Sub, LLC, a direct wholly-owned subsidiary of XPDB (“Merger Sub”), and Montana Technologies LLC (“Legacy Montana”). On March 14, 2024, pursuant to the Merger Agreement, Merger Sub was merged with and into Legacy Montana, with the Legacy Montana surviving the merger as a wholly-owned subsidiary of XPDB (the “Merger” and, together with the other transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement, the “Business Combination”). In connection with closing the Business Combination (the “Closing”), XPDB changed its name from “Power & Digital Infrastructure Acquisition II Corp.” to “Montana Technologies Corporation.”
Prior
to the Business Combination, all of the outstanding preferred units of Legacy Montana were converted into Class B common units. As a
result of the Business Combination, (i) each issued and outstanding Class B common unit and Class C common unit of Legacy Montana was
converted into the right to receive approximately
The Business Combination was accounted for as a reverse recapitalization in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”). Under this method of accounting, although XPDB acquired the outstanding equity interest in Legacy Montana in the Business Combination, XPDB is treated as the “acquired company” and Legacy Montana was treated as the accounting acquirer for financial statement purposes. Accordingly, the Business Combination was treated as the equivalent of Legacy Montana issuing stock for the net assets of XPDB, accompanied by a recapitalization.
Furthermore, the historical financial statements of Legacy Montana became the historical financial statements of the Company upon the consummation of the merger. As a result, the condensed consolidated financial statements reflect (i) the historical operating results of Legacy Montana prior to the Business Combination; (ii) the combined results of XPDB and Legacy Montana following the Closing; (iii) the assets and liabilities of Legacy Montana at their historical cost and (iv) Legacy Montana’s equity structure for all periods presented, as affected by the recapitalization presentation after completion of the Business Combination. See Note 4 - Recapitalization for further details of the Business Combination.
On January 25, 2024, the Company entered into a joint
venture formation framework agreement with GE Ventures LLC, a Delaware limited liability company and, solely for the purposes specified
therein, GE Vernova LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, pursuant to which the Company and GE Vernova agreed, subject to the terms
and conditions of the framework agreement, including certain closing conditions specified therein, to form a joint venture (the “AirJoule
JV”) in which each of the Company and GE Vernova will each hold a
5
Note 2 — LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
The Company’s primary sources of liquidity have been cash from
contributions from founders or other investors. The Company had retained earnings of $
The Company assesses its liquidity in terms of its ability to generate adequate amounts of cash to meet current and future needs. Its expected primary uses of cash on a short and long-term basis are for working capital requirements, capital expenditures, capital contributions to its joint ventures and other general corporate services. The Company’s primary working capital requirements are for project execution activities including purchases of materials, services and payroll which fluctuate during the year, driven primarily by the timing and extent of activities required on new and existing projects. The Company’s management expects that future operating losses and negative operating cash flows may increase from historical levels because of additional costs and expenses related to the development of its technology and the development of market and strategic relationships with other businesses and customers.
With the consummation of the Business Combination
and Subscription Agreements, the Company received proceeds of approximately $
Our future capital requirements will depend on many
factors, including, the timing and extent of spending by the Company and its joint ventures to support the launch of its product and research
and development efforts, the degree to which it is successful in launching new business initiatives and the cost associated with these
initiatives, the timing and extent of contributions made to its joint ventures by the other partners and the growth of our business generally.
In March 2024, the Company contributed $
In order to finance these opportunities and associated costs, it is possible that the Company would need to raise additional financing if the proceeds realized from the Business Combination and cash received from Subscription Agreements are insufficient to support its business needs. While management believes that the proceeds realized through the Business Combination and cash received from Subscription Agreements will be sufficient to meet its currently contemplated business needs, management cannot assure you that this will be the case. If additional financing is required by us from outside sources, the Company may not be able to raise it on terms acceptable to it or at all. If the Company is unable to raise additional capital on acceptable terms when needed, its product development business, results of operations and financial condition would be materially and adversely affected.
Note 3 — SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Basis of Presentation and principles of Consolidation
The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with GAAP, expressed in U.S. dollars. The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments including normal recurring adjustments, which, in the opinion of the Company’s management, are necessary to present fairly the financial position, results of operations and cash flows for the periods presented in accordance with GAAP. References to GAAP issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) in these accompanying notes to the financial statements are to the FASB Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”). The condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming the Company will continue as a going concern.
The Company owns a noncontrolling interest (
6
Use of Estimates
The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires the Company’s management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and reported amounts of expenses during the reporting period.
Some of the more significant estimates include estimates of amortization and depreciation, fair values of liabilities associated with the Earnout Shares, True Up Shares and Subject Vesting Shares (as such terms are defined in Note 4 Recapitalization), consolidation analysis of JVs and other entities (including determination of primary beneficiary, VIE and consolidation), fair value of the initial investment in the AirJoule JV, income taxes and estimates relating to leases. Due to the uncertainty involved in making estimates, actual results could differ from those estimates, which could have a material effect on the financial condition and results of operations in future periods.
Cash and Concentration of Credit Risk
The
Company considers all highly liquid investments with a maturity of 90 days or less at the time of purchase to be cash equivalents.
The carrying values of cash and cash equivalents approximate their fair values due to the short-term nature of these instruments. As
of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, there were cash equivalents on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets.
The Company maintains cash balances at financial institutions that may exceed the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation’s insurance
limits. The amounts over these insured limits as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 were $
Business Combinations
The Company evaluates whether acquired net assets should be accounted for as a business combination or an asset acquisition by first applying a screen test to determine whether substantially all of the fair value of the gross assets acquired is concentrated in a single identifiable asset or group of similar identifiable assets. If so, the transaction is accounted for as an asset acquisition. If not, the Company applies its judgement to determine whether the acquired net assets meet the definition of a business by considering if the set includes an acquired input, process, and the ability to create outputs.
The Company accounts for business combinations using the acquisition method when it has obtained control. The Company measures goodwill as the fair value of the consideration transferred, including the fair value of any non-controlling interest recognized, less the net recognized amount of the identifiable assets acquired and liabilities combined, all measured at their fair value as of the acquisition date. Transaction costs, other than those associated with the issuance of debt or equity securities, that the Company incurs in connection with a business combination are expensed as incurred.
Any contingent consideration is measured at fair value at the acquisition date. For contingent consideration that does not meet all the criteria for equity classification, such contingent consideration is required to be recorded at its initial fair value at the acquisition date, and on each balance sheet date thereafter. Changes in the estimated fair value of liability-classified contingent consideration are recognized on the consolidated statements of operations in the period of change.
Equity Method Investment
In accordance with ASC 323, Investments - Equity Method and Joint Ventures, investments in entities over which the Company does not have a controlling financial interest but has significant influence are accounted for using the equity method, with the Company’s share of earnings or losses reported in earnings or losses from equity method investments on the statements of operations. Under the equity method, the Company’s investments are initially measured and recognized using the cost accumulation model following the guidance in ASC 805-50-30. After initial recognition, the consolidated financial statements include the Company’s share of undistributed earnings or losses, and impairment, if any, until the date on which significant influence ceases.
The Company’s equity method investments are assessed for impairment whenever changes in the facts and circumstances indicate a loss in value may have occurred. When a loss is deemed to have occurred and is other than temporary, the carrying value of the equity method investment is written down to fair value. In evaluating whether a loss is other than temporary, the Company considers the length of time for which the conditions have existed and its intent and ability to hold the investment.
7
Property and Equipment
Property and equipment is carried at cost less accumulated depreciation and includes expenditures that substantially increase the useful lives of existing property and equipment. Maintenance, repairs and minor renovations are charged to expense as incurred. When property and equipment is retired or otherwise disposed of, the related costs and accumulated depreciation are removed from their respective accounts, and any difference between the sale proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset is recognized as a gain or loss on disposal in the statements of income.
Depreciation
is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the various classes of depreciable assets.
| Estimated useful lives | |||
| Machinery and Equipment | |||
| Vehicles |
The estimated useful lives and depreciation methods are reviewed at each year-end, with the effect of any changes in estimates accounted for prospectively. All depreciation expenses are included with depreciation and amortization in the condensed consolidated statements of operations.
Leases
The Company determines if an arrangement is a lease at inception. Operating lease right-of-use asset (“ROU asset”) and short-term and long-term lease liability are included on the face of the condensed consolidated balance sheets.
ROU asset represents the right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liability represents the Company’s obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. An operating lease ROU asset and liability are recognized at the commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. As typically the Company’s leases do not provide an implicit rate, the Company uses an incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at commencement date over the respective lease term in determining the present value of lease payments. The Company’s lease terms may include options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that the Company will exercise that option. Lease expense for lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. For lease agreements with terms less than 12 months, the Company has elected the short-term lease measurement and recognition exemption, and it recognizes such lease payments on a straight-line basis over the lease term.
Warrants
The Company determines the accounting classification of warrants it issues as either liability or equity classified by first assessing whether the warrants meet liability classification in accordance with ASC 480-10, Accounting for Certain Financial Instruments with Characteristics of both Liabilities and Equity (“ASC 480”), then in accordance with ASC 815-40 (“ASC 815”), Accounting for Derivative Financial Instruments Indexed to, and Potentially Settled in, a Company’s Own Stock. In order for a warrant to be classified in stockholders’ deficit, the warrant must be (i) indexed to the Company’s equity and (ii) meet the conditions for equity classification.
If a warrant does not meet the conditions for stockholders’ deficit classification, it is carried on the condensed consolidated balance sheets as a warrant liability measured at fair value, with subsequent changes in the fair value of the warrant recorded in other non-operating losses (gains) in the consolidated statements of operations. If a warrant meets both conditions for equity classification, the warrant is initially recorded, at its relative fair value on the date of issuance, in stockholders’ deficit in the condensed consolidated balance sheets, and the amount initially recorded is not subsequently remeasured at fair value.
8
Income Taxes
Prior to the Business Combination on March 14, 2024, the Company was a limited liability company (“LLC”) and treated as a partnership for income tax purpose. As a Partnership, the Company was not directly liable for federal income taxes. As of the date of the Business Combination, the operations of the Company ceased to be taxed as a partnership resulting in a change in tax status for federal and state income tax purposes.
The Company follows the asset and liability method
of accounting for income taxes under ASC Topic 740, Income Taxes (“ASC 740”). Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured
using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered
or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that is included
in the enactment date. Valuation allowances are established, when necessary, to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount expected to be
realized. During the six months ended June 30, 2024, as a result of our contribution to AirJoule, LLC of a perpetual license to our intellectual
property, measured at fair value resulting in a book gain, a temporary difference between book and tax arose. The temporary difference
resulted in the recognition of a deferred tax expenses and deferred tax liabilities of approximately $
ASC 740 prescribes a recognition threshold and a measurement attribute for the financial statement recognition
and measurement of tax positions taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. For those benefits to be recognized, a tax position must
be more likely than not to be sustained upon examination by taxing authorities. The Company recognizes accrued interest and penalties
related to unrecognized tax benefits as income tax expense. Management has evaluated the Company’s tax positions, including its
previous status as a pass-through entity for federal and state tax purposes, and has determined that the Company has taken no uncertain
tax positions that require adjustment to the condensed consolidated financial statements. The Company’s reserve related to uncertain
tax positions was
Research and Development Cost
The Company accounts for research and development cost (“R&D”) in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 730, “Research and Development.” R&D represents costs incurred in performing research aimed at the discovery of new knowledge and the advancement of techniques to bring significant improvements to products and processes. Costs incurred in developing a product include consulting, engineering, construction and costs incurred to build prototypes.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset, or the amount paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. There is a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs used to measure fair value. The hierarchy gives the highest priority to quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1 measurement) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3 measurement). The Company classifies fair value balances based on the observability of those inputs. The three levels of the fair value hierarchy are as follows:
| Level 1 — | Inputs based on unadjusted quoted market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the Company has the ability to access at the measurement date. | |
| Level 2 — | Observable inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets or quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active or for which all significant inputs are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data. | |
| Level 3 — | Inputs reflect management’s best estimate of what market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability at the measurement date. The inputs are both unobservable for the asset and liability in the market and significant to the overall fair value measurement. |
In some circumstances, the inputs used to measure fair value might be categorized within different levels of the fair value hierarchy. In those instances, the fair value measurement is categorized in its entirety in the fair value hierarchy based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The Company establishes the fair value of its assets and liabilities using the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date and establishes a fair value hierarchy based on the inputs used to measure fair value. The recorded amounts of certain financial instruments, including accounts payable, accrued expenses, and other current liabilities approximate fair value due to their relatively short maturities. See Note 5 – Equity Method Investment for measurements of the Investment in AirJoule, LLC measured utilizing level 3 inputs as of March 4, 2024. See Note 11 – Fair Value Measurements for measurements of the Earnout Shares, True Up Shares and Subject Vesting Shares, measured utilizing level 3 inputs as of June 30, 2024 and March 14, 2024.
9
Earnout Shares Liability
In connection with the reverse recapitalization and pursuant to the Business Combination Agreement, eligible former Legacy Montana Equityholders (as defined below) are entitled to receive additional shares of Common Stock upon the Company achieving certain milestones. See Note 4 – Recapitalization. The settlement of the Earnout Shares to the Legacy Montana Equityholders depends on factors other than just the Company’s stock price. As such, management determined that the Earnout Shares should be classified as a liability and recognized at fair value at each reporting period with changes in fair value included in earnings.
We
estimated fair value of the Earnout Shares with a Monte Carlo simulation using a distribution of potential outcomes for expected earnings
before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization (“EBITDA”) and stock price at expected commission dates, utilizing
a correlation coefficient for EBITDA and stock price, and assuming $
The Company determined the Earnout Shares associated with employees are accounted for as compensation expense under FASB ASC Topic 718, Share-based Compensation (“ASC 718”). See “Share-Based Compensation” below.
Derivative Financial Instruments and Other Financial Instruments Carried at Fair Value
The Company does not use derivative instruments to hedge exposures to cash flow, market, or foreign currency risks. The Company evaluates all of its financial instruments, including the True Up Shares issued in connection with the Subscription Agreement and the Subject Vesting Shares issued in connection with the Business Combination, to determine if such instruments are derivatives or contain features that qualify as embedded derivatives, pursuant to ASC 480 and FASB ASC Topic 815, “Derivatives and Hedging” (“ASC 815”). The classification of derivative instruments, including whether such instruments should be recorded as liabilities or as equity, is reassessed at the end of each reporting period.
The True Up Shares issued under one of the Subscription Agreements do not qualify as equity under ASC 815-40; therefore, the True Up Shares” are required to be classified as a liability and measured at fair value with subsequent changes in fair value recorded in earnings. Changes in the estimated fair value of the derivative liability are recognized as a non-cash gain or loss on the condensed consolidated statements of operations. The fair value of the derivative liability is discussed in Note 11 — Fair Value Measurements.
The Subject Vesting Shares liability was an assumed liability of XPDB
in the Merger as described in Note 4 – Recapitalization. The Subject Vesting Shares vested and are no longer subject to forfeiture
as described in Note 4 – Recapitalization. They do not meet the “fixed-for-fixed” criterion and thus are not
considered indexed to the Company’s stock price. As such, management determined that the Subject Vesting Shares should be classified
as a liability and recognized at fair value at each reporting period with changes in fair value included in earnings. The estimated fair
value of the Subject Vesting Shares was determined utilizing a Monte Carlo simulation, with underlying forecast mathematics based on geometric
Brownian motion in a risk-neutral framework. The Calculation of the value of the Subject Vesting Shares considered the $
Share-Based Compensation
The Company accounts for share-based compensation arrangements granted to employees in accordance with ASC 718 by measuring the grant date fair value of the award and recognizing the resulting expense over the period during which the employee is required to perform service in exchange for the award. Equity-based compensation expense is only recognized for awards subject to performance conditions if it is probable that the performance condition will be achieved. The Company accounts for forfeitures when they occur.
The Company estimates the fair value of stock option awards subject to only a service condition on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes valuation model. The Black-Scholes model requires the use of highly subjective and complex assumptions, including the option’s expected term, price volatility of the underlying stock, risk-free interest rate and the expected dividend yield of the underlying common stock, as well as an estimate of the fair value of the common stock underlying the award.
10
The Company estimates the fair value of Earnout
Shares awards to employees, which are considered compensatory awards and accounted for under ASC 718 using the Monte-Carlo simulation
model. The Monte-Carlo simulation model was selected as the valuation methodology for the Earnout Shares due to the path-dependent
nature of triggering events. Under ASC 718, such Earnout shares are measured at fair value as of the grant date and expense is recognized
over the applicable time-based vesting period (the triggering event is a market condition and does not impact expense recognition). The
Monte-Carlo model requires the use of highly subjective and complex assumptions, estimates and judgements, including the current stock
price, volatility of the underlying stock, expected term the risk-free interest rate, the selection of comparable companies, and the probability
of possible future events. Changes in any or all of these estimates and assumptions or the relationships between those assumptions impact
our valuations as of each valuation date and may have a material impact on the valuation of Common Stock. An increase of 100-basis points
in interest rates would not have a material impact on the Company’s stock-based compensation. During the period from the date of
the Business Combination through June 30, 2024 the Company did not record stock-based compensation expense associated with these Earnout
Shares as the performance conditions associated with these Earnout Shares were not deemed probable of achievement. Unrecognized stock-based
compensation expense for these Earnout Shares with a performance-based vesting condition that was not deemed probable of occurring
as of June 30, 2024 was $
Net Income (Loss) Per Share
Basic net income (loss) per share is computed by dividing the net loss, which is allocated based upon the proportionate amount of weighted average shares outstanding, by each class of stockholder’s stock outstanding during the period. Diluted net loss per share is computed by giving effect to all potential shares of common stock, including warrants, stock options, the Earnout Shares, True Up Shares and Subject Vesting Shares, to the extent dilutive. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, the Earnout Shares, True Up Shares and Subject Vesting Shares were not included in the calculation of dilutive net income per share as their conditions were not deemed satisfied for issuance as of June 30, 2024. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, due to a net loss the warrants and options were not included in the calculation of dilutive net loss per share as their effect would have been anti-dilutive.
For the three months ended June 30, 2024, dilutive
shares included in the calculation or net income per share of common stock, utilizing the treasury stock method, were:
| For the three months ended June 30, | ||||||||||||||||
| 2024 | 2023 | |||||||||||||||
| Class A Common Stock | Class B Common Stock | Class A Common Stock | Class B Common Stock | |||||||||||||
| Basic net income (loss) per share of common stock | ||||||||||||||||
| Numerator: | ||||||||||||||||
| Allocation of net income (loss) | $ | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | ||||||||
| Denominator: | ||||||||||||||||
| Basic weighted average shares outstanding | ||||||||||||||||
| Basic net income (loss) per share of common stock | $ | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | ||||||||
| Diluted net income (loss) per share of common stock | ||||||||||||||||
| Numerator: | ||||||||||||||||
| Allocation of net income (loss) | $ | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | ||||||||
| Denominator: | ||||||||||||||||
| Diluted weighted average shares outstanding | ||||||||||||||||
| Diluted net income (loss) per share of common stock | $ | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | ||||||||
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| For the six months ended June 30, | ||||||||||||||||
| 2024 | 2023 | |||||||||||||||
| Class A Common Stock | Class B Common Stock | Class A Common Stock | Class B Common Stock | |||||||||||||
| Basic and diluted net income (loss) per share of common stock | ||||||||||||||||
| Numerator: | ||||||||||||||||
| Allocation of net income (loss) | $ | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | ||||||||
| Denominator: | ||||||||||||||||
| Basic and diluted weighted average shares outstanding | ||||||||||||||||
| Basic and diluted net income (loss) per share of common stock | $ | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | ||||||||
| Diluted net income (loss) per share of common stock | ||||||||||||||||
| Numerator: | ||||||||||||||||
| Allocation of net income (loss) | $ | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | ||||||||
| Denominator: | ||||||||||||||||
| Diluted weighted average shares outstanding | ||||||||||||||||
| Diluted net income (loss) per share of common stock | $ | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | ||||||||
New Accounting Pronouncements
Recently Issued Accounting Standards
The Company is an emerging growth company, as defined in the JOBS Act. Under the JOBS Act, emerging growth companies can delay adopting new or revised accounting standards issued subsequent to the enactment of the JOBS Act, until such time as those standards apply to private companies. The Company has elected to use this extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards that have different effective dates for public and private companies until the earlier of the date that it (i) is no longer an emerging growth company or (ii) affirmatively and irrevocably opts out of the extended transition period provided in the JOBS Act. As a result, these financial statements may not be comparable to companies that comply with the new or revised accounting pronouncements as of public company effective dates.
In June 2022, the FASB issued ASU 2022-03, “Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Fair Value Measurement of Equity Securities Subject to Contractual Sale Restrictions,” which clarifies that contractual sale restrictions are not considered in measuring fair value of equity securities and requires additional disclosures for equity securities subject to contractual sale restrictions. The standard is effective for the Company for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. The adoption of this standard is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.
In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, “Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures,” which requires disaggregated information about a reporting entity’s effective tax rate reconciliation as well as information on income taxes paid. The standard is intended to benefit investors by providing more detailed income tax disclosures that would be useful in making capital allocation decisions. The standard will be effective for the Company for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2025. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this accounting standard update on its condensed consolidated financial statements and disclosures.
12
Note 4 — RECAPITALIZATION
On June 5, 2023, XPDB and Merger Sub entered into the Merger Agreement with Legacy Montana. On March 14, 2024, pursuant to the Merger Agreement, Merger Sub merged with and into Legacy Montana, with Legacy Montana surviving the Merger as a wholly owned subsidiary of XPDB.
As part of the Business Combination, the holders
of Legacy Montana equity securities (the “Legacy Montana Equityholders”) received consideration (the “Merger Consideration”).
After giving effect to the conversion of all outstanding Legacy Montana preferred units into Legacy Montana Class B common units,
which occurred prior to the effective time of the Merger, the Merger Consideration was paid (i) in the case of holders of Legacy
Montana Class B common units and Legacy Montana Class C common units, in the form of newly issued shares of Class A
common stock, with a $
Immediately prior to the Closing,
The Legacy Montana Equityholders have the opportunity to receive additional equity consideration (in each case, in accordance with their respective pro rata share), and the Company has reserved shares of Class A Common Stock that may be issuable in the future upon full completion of construction and achievement of operational viability (including all permitting, regulatory approvals and necessary or useful inspections) of new production capacity of Legacy Montana’s key components or See Note 11-Fair Value Measurements for additional information on the Earnout Shares.
Upon
the Closing of the Business Combination, and following the conversion of the XPDB Class B common stock to Class A common stock,
the sponsor of XPDB beneficially owned
| ● | During the vesting period, a portion of the Subject Vesting Shares shall vest, from time to time, simultaneously with any Earnout Shares, with the number of vesting shares calculated as (A) the aggregate number of Subject Vesting Shares outstanding immediately after the Closing multiplied by (B) the fraction of (x) the applicable Earnout Milestone Amount (as defined below) divided by (y) the Maximum Earnout Milestone Amount (as defined below); and |
13
| ● | (A) |
| ● | Any remaining Subject Vesting Shares shall vest in full at the same time that the volume weighted average price of Class A common stock on the Nasdaq as reported by Bloomberg L.P. equals or exceeds $ |
On March 8, 2024, XPDB and an investor entered
into a Subscription Agreement pursuant to which XPDB agreed to sell
As discussed in Note 1- Organization and Business Operations, the Business Combination was consummated on March 14, 2024, which, for accounting purposes, was treated as the equivalent of Montana Technologies LLC issuing stock for the net assets of XPDB, accompanied by a recapitalization. Under this method of accounting, XPDB was treated as the acquired company for financial accounting and reporting purposes under US GAAP.
Legacy Montana was determined to be the accounting acquirer based on evaluation of the following facts and circumstances:
| ● | Following Closing, the Legacy Montana Equityholders had the greatest voting interest in the Post-Combination Company; |
| ● | The Post-Combination Company Board immediately after Closing had six members, and Legacy Montana nominated the majority of the members of the Post-Combination Company Board at Closing; |
| ● | The ongoing operations of the Post-Combination Company was comprised of Legacy Montana operations; |
| ● | Legacy Montana’s existing senior management became the senior management of the Post-Combination Company; and |
| ● | The intended strategy and operations of the Post-Combination Company continued Legacy Montana’s prior strategy and operations. |
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Transaction Proceeds
Upon
closing of the Business Combination, the Company received gross proceeds of $
| Cash-trust and cash, net of redemptions | $ | |||
| Add: Proceeds from PIPE investment | ||||
| Less: transaction costs and advisory fees, paid | ( | ) | ||
| Net proceeds from the Business Combination | ||||
| Less: Subject Vesting Shares liability | ( | ) | ||
| Less: True Up Shares liability | ( | ) | ||
| Less: accounts payable and accrued liabilities combined | ( | ) | ||
| Add: other, net | ||||
| Reverse recapitalization, net | $ | ( | ) |
| XPDB Class A common stock, outstanding prior to the Business Combination | ||||
| Less: Redemption of XPDB Class A common stock | ( | ) | ||
| Class A common stock of XPDB | ||||
| XPDB Class B common stock, outstanding prior to the Business Combination | ||||
| PIPE subscription | ||||
| Business Combination Class A common stock | ||||
| Legacy Montana Shares | ||||
| Class A and B Common Stock immediately after the Business Combination |
| Legacy Montana Units | Montana’s Shares after conversion ratio | |||||||
| Class A Common Stock | ||||||||
| Class A Common Stock | ||||||||
Transaction Costs
During the six months ended June 30, 2024, based on
the proceeds received, the Company expensed $
Public and private placement warrants
The
Redemption
Prior
to the closing of the Business Combination, certain XPDB public shareholders exercised their right to redeem certain of their outstanding
shares for cash, resulting in the redemption of
Note 5 — EQUITY METHOD INVESTMENT
AirJoule, LLC
On
January 25, 2024, the Company entered into a joint venture formation framework agreement (the “Framework Agreement”) with
GE Ventures LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“GE Vernova”), and, solely for the purposes specified therein, GE
Vernova LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“GE Vernova Parent”), pursuant to which the Company and GE Vernova agreed,
subject to the terms and conditions of the Framework Agreement, including certain closing conditions specified therein, to form a joint
venture (the “AirJoule JV”) in which each of the Company and GE Vernova will hold a
15
Upon
the closing of the transaction on March 4, 2024, (the “JV Closing”), each party to the agreement entered into (i) an amended
and restated limited liability company agreement of the AirJoule JV (the “A&R Joint Venture Agreement”), pursuant to
which, among other things, the AirJoule JV has the exclusive right to manufacture and supply products incorporating the combined technologies
to leading original equipment manufacturers and customers in the Americas, Africa and Australia, (ii) master services agreements, pursuant
to which, among other things, each party to the agreement agree to provide certain agreed services to the AirJoule JV for a period of
at least
Pursuant to the A&R Joint Venture Agreement,
the Company contributed $
The
business and affairs of the A&R Joint Venture Agreement shall be managed by a Board of Managers, consisting of two managers (including
the chairman) appointed by the Company and two managers appointed by GE Vernova. Following the second anniversary of the JV Closing,
if the Board of Managers reach an impasse that cannot be resolved through the process set forth in the A&R Joint Venture Agreement,
the A&R Joint Venture Agreement generally provides that the Company may require GE Vernova to sell GE Vernova’s
In
the event that a change in applicable laws or regulations has a material adverse effect on GE Vernova’s interest in the AirJoule
JV, or GE Vernova determines that the Company fails to meet certain financial performance benchmarks, GE Vernova may require the Company
to purchase GE Vernova’s interest for a total purchase price of $
AirJoule, LLC is a variable interest entity for which the Company has determined there is shared power with GE Vernova and therefore accounts for the VIE under the equity method of accounting.
The Company applies the equity method to an investment in common stock
of a nonconsolidated entity. In addition to $
The Company evaluated whether there was a basis difference between the carrying value and fair value of the Company’s proportionate share of the investee’s underlying net assets. AirJoule, LLC has elected to early adopt ASU 2023-05, Business Combinations – Joint Venture Formations (Subtopic 805-60), and, as a result measured the contributed assets at fair value. AirJoule, LLC was deemed a business as defined in ASC 805 - Business Combinations, and, as such there is a basis difference between the Company’s investment and the amount recorded in member’s capital by the investee, AirJoule, LLC, related to in-process R&D and goodwill which as of June 30, 2024 have indefinite lives.
The Company determined the fair value of the IP license by applying
the multi-period excess earnings method. The excess earnings valuation method estimates the value of the IP license equal to
the present value of the incremental after-tax cash flows attributable to that IP license over its remaining economic life. Some of the
more significant assumptions utilized in our asset valuations included projected revenues, probability of commercial success, and the
discount rate. The fair value using the excess earnings valuation method was determined using an estimated weighted average
cost of capital of
16
The Company’s share of the losses reported by AirJoule, LLC are classified as equity loss from investment in AirJoule, LLC. The investment is evaluated for impairment annually and if facts and circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable, an impairment charge would be recorded.
| As of June 30, 2024 | ||||
| Total current assets | ||||
| Total non-current assets | ||||
| Total assets | $ | |||
| Total current liabilities | ||||
| Total non-current liabilities | ||||
| Total liabilities | $ | |||
| Equity | ||||
| $ | ||||
| For the three months ended June 30, 2024 | For the period from March 4, 2024 to June 30, 2024 | |||||||
| Revenue | $ | $ | ||||||
| Net loss | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | ||
Note 6 — ACCRUED EXPENSES AND OTHER CURRENT LIABILITIES
| June 30, 2024 | December 31, 2023 | |||||||
| Accrued royalty | $ | $ | ||||||
| Accrued payroll | ||||||||
| Professional services | ||||||||
| Engineering consulting | ||||||||
| Business development | ||||||||
| Accrued other | ||||||||
| $ | $ | |||||||
Note 7 — LEASES
As discussed in Note 8 – Related Party Transactions, the
Company had a property lease with a related party which terminated on March 14, 2024. Lease expenses under this lease were $
On
March 1, 2024, the Company’s entered into an operating property lease with an initial term of
17
| Operating Lease | ||||
| Remainder of 2024 | $ | |||
| 2025 | ||||
| 2026 | ||||
| 2027 | ||||
| 2028 | ||||
| Thereafter | ||||
| Total undiscounted lease payments | ||||
| Less: effects of discounting | ( | ) | ||
| Operating Lease Liability | $ | |||
| Classified as: | ||||
| Current lease liabilities | $ | |||
| Non-current lease liabilities | $ | |||
Note 8 — RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
Lease Agreement
The Company had a property lease agreement with its Chief Executive
Officer as discussed in Note 7 – Leases. The lease agreement was terminated upon close of the Business Combination on
Consultancy Agreement
On January 1, 2019, the Company entered into a consultancy
agreement with a company affiliated with the Chief Executive Officer for a monthly payment of $
Office Services Agreement
On October 31, 2020, the Company entered into a
consultancy agreement with an affiliate for a monthly payment of $
Due to related party
Commencing
on December 9, 2021, through the consummation of the initial Business Combination, XPDB agreed to pay affiliates of the sponsor a total
of $
In 2023, the sponsor contributed $
Related Party Equity Transactions
As described in Note 9 – Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit), Legacy Montana sold shares of Class A common stock, as well as other preferred equity that subsequently converted into shares of Class A common stock, to TEP Montana, LLC (“TEP Montana”). The Executive Chairman of the Company is the managing partner of the managing member of TEP Montana.
18
Note 9 — STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (DEFICIT)
Preferred
Stock — The Company is authorized to issue
Class
A Common stock — The Company is authorized to issue
Class
B Common stock — The Company is authorized to issue
Shares
of Class B common stock shall be convertible into shares of Class A common stock on a one-for-one basis (i) at any time and from time
to time at the option of the holder thereof or (ii) automatically upon on the earliest to occur of (a) the date that is seven (7) years
from the date of the Second Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation and (b) the first date on which the permitted Class B owners
cease to own, in the aggregate, at least
Warrants
In
January, February and March 2024, 14 warrant holders of Legacy Montana exercised their warrants to purchase a total of
As
part of XPDB’s initial public offering (“IPO”), XPDB issued
As
of June 30, 2024, there are
The Private Placement Warrants (including the common stock issuable upon exercise of the Private Placement Warrants) were not transferable, assignable or saleable until 30 days after the consummation of the Business Combination (except, among other limited exceptions, to the Company’s officers and directors and other persons or entities affiliated with the XPDB’s sponsor and anchor investors) and they will not be redeemable by the Company. The Private Placement Warrants have terms and provisions that are identical to those of the Public Warrants, including as to exercise price, exercisability and exercise period, except that the Private Placement Warrants are exercisable on a cashless basis and are non-redeemable.
If holders of the Private Placement Warrants elect to exercise them on a cashless basis, they would pay the exercise price by surrendering their warrants for that number of shares of the Company’s common stock equal to the quotient obtained by dividing (x) the product of the number of shares of the Company’s common stock underlying the warrants multiplied by the excess of the “10 day average closing price” (defined below) as of the date prior to the date on which notice of exercise is sent or given to the warrant agent, less the warrant exercise price by (y) the 10 day average closing price. The “10 day average closing price” means, as of any date, the average last reported sale price (defined below) of the shares of the Company’s common stock as reported during the 10 trading day period ending on the trading day prior to such date. “Last reported sale price” means the last reported sale price of the Company’s common stock on the date on which the notice of exercise of the warrant is sent to the warrant agent.
These Public Warrants expire on the fifth anniversary of the Business Combination or earlier upon redemption or liquidation and are exercisable commencing 30 days after the Business Combination, provided that the Company has an effective registration statement under the Securities Act covering the shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of the warrants and a current prospectus relating to them is available (or the Company permits holders to exercise their warrants on a cashless basis under the circumstances specified in the warrant agreement) and registered, qualified or exempt from registration under the securities, or blue sky, laws of the state of residence of the holder.
19
Once the Public Warrants become exercisable, the Company may redeem the outstanding Public Warrants:
| ● | in whole and not in part; | |
| ● | at a price of $ | |
| ● | upon a minimum | |
| ● | if, and only if, the reported last reported sale price of the Class A common stock for any |
The Company accounts for the warrants issued in connection with the IPO in accordance with the guidance contained in ASC 815. Such guidance provides that the warrants described above are not precluded from equity classification. Equity-classified contracts are initially measured at fair value (or allocated value). Subsequent changes in fair value are not recognized as long as the contracts continue to be classified in equity.
Subscription Agreements
During the six months ended June 30, 2024, the
Company entered into subscription agreements with various investors (the “Subscription Agreements”), which brought in approximately
$
Equity financing
Montana
Technologies LLC completed a preferred equity financing during February 2023 with TEP Montana, and issued
Note 10 — STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION
Legacy Montana Options
On
April 5, 2023, Legacy Montana granted
In January, February and March 2024, 13 Legacy
Montana option holders exercised their options to purchase a total of
As of June 30, 2024, of the
Montana Technologies Corporation 2024 Incentive Award Plan
On March 8, 2024, the holders of XPDB common stock considered and approved
the Montana Technologies Corporation 2024 Incentive Award Plan (the “Incentive Plan”) and Montana Technologies Corporation
2024 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the “ESPP” and together with the Incentive Plan, the “Incentive Plans”), which
became effective immediately upon the Closing on March 14, 2024. Under the Incentive Plans, the Company may grant equity and equity-based
awards to certain employees, consultants and non-employee directors award, such as, (a) Incentive Stock Options (granted to employees
only) , (b) Non-Qualified Stock Options, (c) Stock Appreciation Right (“SAR”), (d) Restricted Stock Units (e) Restricted Stock,
(f) Restricted Stock Units, (g), including (a) incentive stock options, (b) non-qualified stock options (“NSOs”), (c) stock
appreciation right, (d) restricted stock units (“RSUs”), (e) restricted stock, (f) dividend equivalents;, and (hg) other stock
and cash-based awards of the Company (“Incentive Award”). The sum of any cash compensation, or other compensation, and
the value (determined as of the grant date in accordance with ASC Topic 718, or any successor thereto) of awards granted to a non-employee
director as compensation for services as a non-employee director during any fiscal year of the Company may not exceed $
20
On June 6, 2024, the Company issued an aggregate
of
On June 6, 2024, the Company issued an aggregate
of
On June 6, 2024, the Company issued an aggregate
of
On June 6, 2024, the Company issued an aggregate
of
The fair value of the NSOs granted was determined
using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model and were based on the following weighted average assumptions: Expected dividend yield –
Note 11 — FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS
Items Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis:
The Company accounts for certain liabilities at fair value on a recurring basis and classifies these liabilities within the fair value hierarchy (Level 1, Level 2, or Level 3).
| As of June 30, 2024 | ||||||||||||||||
| Level 1 | Level 2 | Level 3 | Total | |||||||||||||
| Liabilities | ||||||||||||||||
| Earnout Shares liability | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
| True Up Shares liability | ||||||||||||||||
| Subject Vesting Shares liability | ||||||||||||||||
| Total liabilities | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
21
Earnout Shares
The
Legacy Montana Equityholders have the opportunity to receive additional equity consideration (in each case, in accordance with their
respective pro rata share) through the Earnout Shares. The maximum value of the Earnout Shares is capped at $
If the conditions for payment of the Earnout Shares
are satisfied and assuming all originally designated employees are then still providing services to the Post-Combination Company on the
date such condition is met, approximately
The settlement of the Earnout Shares to the holders of Legacy Montana common units contains variations in something other than the fair value of the issuer’s equity shares. As such, management determined that they should be classified as a liability and recognized at fair value at each reporting period with changes in fair value included in earnings. The Earnout Shares to employees are subject to ASC 718 and are accounted for as post-combination compensation cost.
The
estimated fair value of the Earnout Shares was determined with a Monte Carlo simulation using a distribution of potential outcomes for
expected EBITDA and stock price at expected commission dates, utilizing a correlation coefficient for EBITDA and stock price, and assuming
$
| As of June 30, 2024 |
As of March 14, 2024 |
|||||||
| Stock Price (1) | $ | $ | ||||||
| Volatility | % | % | ||||||
| Risk free rate of return | % | % | ||||||
| Expected term (in years) | ||||||||
| (1) |
| For the six months ended June 30, 2024 | ||||
| Earnout Shares Liability as of December 31, 2023 | $ | |||
| Expensed as transaction costs of business combination | ||||
| Change in fair value | ||||
| Balance as of March 31, 2024 | ||||
| Change in fair value | ( | ) | ||
| Balance as of June 30, 2024 | $ | |||
22
As of June 30, 2024 and March 14, 2024, the estimated
fair value of all the Earnout Shares ($
True Up Shares liability
As discussed in Note 4 - Recapitalization,
on March 8, 2024, XPDB and an investor entered into a Subscription Agreement pursuant to which XPDB agreed to sell
| For the six months ended June 30, 2024 |
||||
| Balance as of December 31, 2023 | $ | |||
| Assumed in the Business Combination | ||||
| Change in fair value | ( |
) | ||
| Balance as of March 31, 2024 | $ | |||
| Change in fair value | ||||
| Balance as of June 30, 2024 | ||||
The estimated fair value of the true up share liability was determined utilizing a Monte Carlo simulation, with underlying forecast mathematics based on geometric Brownian motion in a risk-neutral framework. The Calculation of the value of the True Up Shares considered the 15-day average price over the one-year period following the Closing Date.
Subject Vesting Shares liability
In connection with the execution of the Merger
Agreement and pursuant to the terms of the sponsor support agreement (the “Sponsor Support Agreement”) entered into among
the XPDB sponsor (the “Sponsor”), XPDB, Legacy Montana and other holders of XPDB’s Class B common stock, $
In addition, pursuant to the terms of the Sponsor
Support Agreement, the Sponsor (i) agreed to waive its redemption rights with respect to any Sponsor Securities in connection with the
completion of a Business Combination (which waiver was provided in connection with the IPO and without any separate consideration paid
in connection with providing such waiver), (ii) agreed not to transfer any public shares and founder shares held by it during the time
prior to Closing or the termination of the Business Combination Agreement, (iii) agreed to waive anti-dilution protections and (iv) and
agreed to subject certain of the shares of Combined Company Class A common stock held by Sponsor following the conversion of the founder
shares as of the Closing to certain vesting provisions. Specifically, and as described above in Note 4 – Recapitalization,
the Sponsor Support Agreement provides that as of immediately prior to (but subject to) the Closing, the Subject Vesting Shares will
be subject to an earnout, with the Subject Vesting Shares vesting during the period beginning on the date of Closing and ending five
(5) years following the date of Closing (i) simultaneously with the issuance of the Earnout Shares made to the Legacy Montana Equityholders
in a proportionate amount to the payment achieved in relation to the maximum issuance of Earnout Shares of equity interests of $
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| For the six months ended March 31, 2024 |
||||
| Balance as of December 31, 2023 | $ | |||
| Assumed in the Business Combination | ||||
| Change in fair value | ||||
| Balance as of March 31, 2024 | ||||
| Change in fair value | ( |
) | ||
| Balance as of June 30, 2024 | $ | |||
The estimated fair value of the Subject Vesting
Share liability was determined utilizing a Monte Carlo simulation, with underlying forecast mathematics based on geometric Brownian motion
in a risk-neutral framework. The calculation of the value of the Subject Vesting Shares considered the $
Items Measured at Fair Value on a Nonrecurring Basis:
In addition to items that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis, the Company measures certain assets and liabilities at fair value on a nonrecurring basis, which are not included in the table above. As these nonrecurring fair value measurements are generally determined using unobservable inputs, these fair value measurements are classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. For further information see Note 5 – Equity Method Investment.
Note 12 — COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
The Company is involved in various legal matters arising in the normal course of business. In the opinion of the Company’s management and legal counsel, the amount of losses that may be sustained, if any, would not have a material effect on the financial position and results of operations of the Company.
Risks and Uncertainties
The Company, as an early-stage business without any current operations, product sales or revenue, has historically been dependent upon the sourcing of external capital to fund its overhead and product development costs. This is a typical situation for any early-stage company without product sales to be in.
License Agreement
In October 2021, the Company entered into
a patent license agreement with a third party whereby the third party granted the Company rights to use certain of their patents in exchange
for an upfront payment and royalties based on a percentage of net sales until such patents expire. In connection with this, the Company
agreed to a minimum royalty amount of which $
| Remainder of 2024 | $ | |||
| 2025 and each year through the date the patents expire |
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Joint Venture Agreement
On October 27, 2021, the Company entered into
a joint venture with CATL US Inc. (“CATL US”), an affiliate of CATL, pursuant to which we and CATL US formed CAMT Climate
Solutions Ltd., a limited liability company organized under the laws of Hong Kong (“CAMT”). The Company and CATL US both own
Pursuant to the Amended and Restated Joint Venture
Agreement for CAMT, entered into on September 29, 2023 (the “A&R Joint Venture Agreement”), the Company and CATL US have
each agreed to contribute $
The purpose of the Company’s joint venture with CATL US is to commercialize our AirJoule technology in Asia and Europe and, pursuant to the A&R Joint Venture Agreement, CAMT has the exclusive right to commercialize our AirJoule technology in those territories. Subject to the oversight of CAMT’s board, CATL US is responsible for managing the day-to-day operations of CAMT (including the nomination and replacement of the Chief Executive Officer of CAMT), and is responsible for providing CAMT and any subsidiaries formed by CAMT with, among other things, administrative services, supply chain support, assistance in obtaining required permits and approvals, and assistance in purchasing or leasing land and equipment. The Company’s financial statements do not reflect any accounting for CAMT as no assets (including IP) or cash have been contributed to CAMT and there has been no activity as of June 30, 2024.
Letter Agreement
On January 7, 2024, the Legacy Montana entered into a letter agreement (the “Letter Agreement”) with XPDB and Carrier Corporation, an affiliate of Carrier Global Corporation (NYSE: CARR), a global leader in intelligent climate and energy solutions (collectively with its affiliates, “Carrier”), pursuant to which Carrier, XPDB and the Company agreed, among other things, to provide Carrier the right to nominate one (1) designee, subject to the approval of the Company, for election to the board of directors for so long as Carrier satisfies certain investment conditions, following the Business Combination. Pursuant to the terms of the agreement, Carrier has nominated its director.
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ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS.
The following “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (“MD&A”)” should be read in conjunction with our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, and our audited financial statements as of the year ended December 31, 2023, included in Form 8-K filed with the SEC on March 20, 2024
This discussion includes forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). We have based these forward-looking statements on our current expectations and projections about future events. These forward-looking statements are subject to known and unknown risks, uncertainties and assumptions about us that may cause our actual results, levels of activity, performance or achievements to be materially different from any future results, levels of activity, performance or achievements expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by terminology such as “may,” “should,” “could,” “would,” “expect,” “plan,” “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “continue,” or the negative of such terms or other similar expressions. Such statements include, but are not limited to, possible business combinations and the financing thereof, and related matters, as well as all other statements other than statements of historical fact included herein. Factors that might cause or contribute to such a discrepancy include, but are not limited to: our status as an early stage company with limited operating history, which may make it difficult to evaluate the prospects for our future viability; our initial dependence on revenue generated from a single product; significant barriers we face to deploy our technology; the dependence of our commercialization strategy on our relationship with third parties; our history of losses; and other risks and uncertainties described in our other Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) filings.
Unless the context otherwise requires, references in this “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” to “Montana,” “we”, “us”, “our”, and the “Company” are intended to refer to (i) following the Business Combination (as defined below), the business and operations of Montana Technologies Corporation (formerly Montana Technologies LLC) and its consolidated subsidiaries, and (ii) prior to the Business Combination, Montana (the predecessor entity in existence prior to the consummation of the Business Combination) and its consolidated subsidiaries.
Company Overview
We are an atmospheric renewable energy and water harvesting technology company that aims to provide energy and cost-efficient, sustainable dehumidification, evaporative cooling and atmospheric water generation. As compared to currently existing HVAC systems, our AirJoule technology is designed to reduce energy consumption, minimize/eliminate harmful refrigerants, and generate material cost efficiencies. AirJoule is a climate solution technology that harvests the untapped supply of renewable thermal energy in water vapor in the atmosphere in an effort to provide significant energy efficiency gains in HVAC and a potential source of potable water. We are focused on scaling manufacturing through global joint ventures and deploying AirJoule units worldwide as a key part of the solution to address global warming and water scarcity.
Growth Strategy and Outlook
The AirJoule system seeks to address two of the world’s most problematic issues: increasing demand for comfort cooling and rising water stress. We estimate that our Total Addressable Market (“TAM”) globally is approximately $455 billion, comprised of a TAM in the HVAC sector of approximately $355 billion and a TAM in the atmospheric water harvesting sector of approximately $100 billion. We obtained the HVAC estimate from an independent report prepared by thebrainyinsights.com and the atmospheric harvesting estimate from conversations with water.org.
We aim to offer our products and services in global markets where demand for comfort cooling and water stress are highest. In light of our proprietary technology, we believe that we are uniquely positioned to provide curated solutions that satisfy our customers’ needs and expectations within the HVAC and atmospheric water harvesting sectors. Additionally, with several partnerships in place and a rapidly growing pipeline of new opportunities, we believe that we possess the potential for global scalability at attractive margins. We anticipate that our existing partnerships with Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, BASF (an international chemical company), and CATL (an international lithium-ion electric vehicle battery manufacturer) will help accelerate manufacturing of materials and components as well as provide product validation and commercialization. See “— Our Competitive Strengths — Our Partners.”
We believe that we have a capital efficient and highly scalable business model. We estimate that a capital expenditure investment of less than $25 million per production line to coat aluminum contactors has the potential to generate approximately $50 million in Annualized EBITDA per line for the Company.
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Recent Developments
Recapitalization
Power & Digital Infrastructure Acquisition II Corp. (“XPDB”) previously entered into an Agreement and Plan of Merger (the “Merger Agreement”), dated June 5, 2023, as amended on February 5, 2024, with XPDB Merger Sub, LLC, a direct wholly-owned subsidiary of XPDB (“Merger Sub”), and pursuant to which, on March 14, 2024, Merger Sub was merged with and into Legacy Montana, with Legacy Montana surviving the merger as a wholly-owned subsidiary of XPDB (the “Merger” and, together with the other transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement, the “Business Combination”). In connection with the closing of the Business Combination (the “Closing”), the Company changed its name from “Power & Digital Infrastructure Acquisition II Corp.” to “Montana Technologies Corporation.”
Prior to the Recapitalization, all of the outstanding preferred units of Legacy Montana were converted to Class B common units. As a result of the Business Combination, (i) each issued and outstanding Class B common unit and Class C common unit of Legacy Montana was converted into the right to receive approximately 23.8 shares of newly issued shares of Class A common stock of Montana Technologies Corporation, (ii) each issued and outstanding Class A common unit of Legacy Montana converted into the right to receive approximately 23.8 shares of newly issued shares of Class B common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, of Montana Technologies Corporation and (iii) each option to purchase common units of Legacy Montana converted into the right to receive an option to purchase Class A common stock of Montana Technologies Corporation having substantially similar terms to the corresponding option, including with respect to vesting and termination-related provisions, except that such options represented the right to receive a number of shares of Class A common stock equal to the number of common units subject to the corresponding option immediately prior to the effective time of the merger multiplied by approximately 23.8.
The recapitalization was accounted for as a reverse recapitalization in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”). Under this method of accounting, although XPDB acquired the outstanding equity interests in Legacy Montana at the Closing, XPDB is treated as the “acquired company” and Legacy Montana was treated as the accounting acquirer for financial statement purposes. Accordingly, the Business Combination was treated as the equivalent of Legacy Montana issuing stock for the net assets of XPDB, accompanied by a recapitalization.
Furthermore, the historical financial statements of Legacy Montana became the historical financial statements of the Company upon the consummation of the merger. As a result, the condensed consolidated financial statements reflect (i) the historical operating results of Legacy Montana prior to the merger; (ii) the combined results of XPDB and Legacy Montana following the close of the merger; (iii) the assets and liabilities of Legacy Montana at their historical cost and (iv) Legacy Montana’s equity structure for all periods presented, as affected by the recapitalization presentation after completion of the merger.
In connection with the Recapitalization, XPDB entered into a subscription agreement (the “Subscription Agreement”) with a certain investor (the “PIPE Investor”), pursuant to which, among other things, the PIPE Investor agreed to subscribe for and purchase from XPDB, and XPDB agreed to issue and sell to the PIPE Investor, an aggregate of 588,235 newly issued shares of Class A common stock (the “Committed Shares”) on the terms and subject to the conditions set forth therein. On March 14, 2024, in connection with the Business Combination, the Company consummated the issuance and sale of the Committed Shares to the PIPE Investor.
After giving effect to the Recapitalization, the redemption of Class A common stock in connection with the Special Meeting and the consummation of the issuance and sale of the Committed Shares, there were 53,823,412 shares of Company Common Stock issued and outstanding, consisting of 49,063,770 shares of Class A common stock and 4,759,642 shares of Class B common stock issued and outstanding. Of those shares, 45,821,456 were issued to holders of Legacy Montana equity securities in respect of such Legacy Montana equity securities, representing approximately 85.5% of the Company’s voting power at the Closing.
The Company’s Class A common stock and public warrants to purchase Class A common stock commenced trading on the Nasdaq Capital Market (“Nasdaq”) under the symbols “AIRJ” and “AIRJW,” respectively, on March 15, 2024.
Subscription agreements
Prior to the Closing, Montana entered into common unit subscription agreements (the “Subscription Agreements”) with certain investors party thereto (the “Investors”), resulting in Aggregate Transaction Proceeds in the Business Combination of approximately $43,365,000 million. Pursuant to the Subscription Agreements, and subject to the conditions set forth therein, the Investors agreed to purchase from Montana and Legacy Montana agreed to issue and sell to the Investors, an aggregate number of Legacy Montana Class B Common Units as converted into an aggregate of 5,807,647 shares of Class A common stock (such shares, the “Conversion Shares”) upon the Closing as part of the consideration relating thereto. On May 9, 2024 and May 10, 2024, the Company received $6.0 million owed under the Subscription Agreements as reported as subscription proceeds received on the condensed consolidated statements of equity (deficit).
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On June 5, 2024, the Company entered into subscription agreements (the “ Additional Subscription Agreements”) with certain continuing and new investors (the “PIPE Investors”), pursuant to which, among other things, the PIPE Investors agreed to subscribe for and purchase from Montana, and Montana agreed to issue and sell to the PIPE Investors, an aggregate of approximately 1,238,500 shares of Class A common stock, par value $0.0001 for an aggregate purchase price of $12,385,000. The purchase of shares under this agreement was completed in June 2024.
Investment in AirJoule, LLC
On January 25, 2024, Montana entered into a joint venture formation framework agreement (the “Framework Agreement”) with GE Ventures LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“GE Vernova”), and, solely for the purposes specified therein, GE Vernova LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“GE Vernova Parent”), pursuant to which Legacy Montana and GE Vernova agreed, subject to the terms and conditions of the Framework Agreement, including certain closing conditions specified therein, to form a joint venture (the “AirJoule JV”) in which each of Montana and GE Vernova will hold a 50% interest. The purpose of the AirJoule JV is to incorporate GE Vernova’s proprietary sorbent materials into systems that utilize Legacy Montana’s AirJoule® water capture technology and to manufacture and bring products incorporating the combined technologies to market in the Americas, Africa, and Australia.
Upon the closing of the transaction on March 4, 2024, (the “JV Closing”), each party to the agreement entered into (i) an amended and restated limited liability company agreement of the AirJoule JV (the “A&R Joint Venture Agreement”), pursuant to which, among other things, the AirJoule JV has the exclusive right to manufacture and supply products incorporating the combined technologies to leading original equipment manufacturers and customers in the Americas, Africa and Australia, (ii) master services agreements, pursuant to which, among other things, each party to the agreement agree to provide certain agreed services to the AirJoule JV for a period of at least two years following the JV Closing (unless earlier terminated by the parties thereto) and (iii) an intellectual property agreement, pursuant to which, among other things, each of the Company and GE Vernova Parent license certain intellectual property to the AirJoule JV.
Pursuant to the A&R Joint Venture Agreement, the Company contributed $10 million in cash to the AirJoule JV at the JV Closing (the “Closing Contribution”) and in June 2024, GE Vernova contributed $100 to the AirJoule JV. The Company has also agreed to contribute up to an additional $90 million in capital contributions to the AirJoule JV following the JV Closing based on a business plan and annual operating budgets to be agreed between the Company and GE Vernova. In general, for the first six years, GE Vernova has the right, but not the obligation, to make capital contributions to the AirJoule JV. Until GE Vernova elects to participate and contributes its pro-rata share of all past capital contributions and commits to contribute its pro-rata share for all future capital contributions (the “GE Match Date”), the Company shall be solely responsible for funding the AirJoule JV, and the Company shall have a distribution preference under the A&R Joint Venture Agreement for the amount of its post-closing capital contributions plus a 9.50% preferred return on such amounts.
The business and affairs of the A&R Joint Venture Agreement shall be managed by a Board of Managers, consisting of two managers (including the chairman) appointed by the Company and two managers appointed by GE Vernova. Following the second anniversary of the JV Closing, if the Board of Managers reach an impasse that cannot be resolved through the process set forth in the A&R Joint Venture Agreement, the A&R Joint Venture Agreement generally provides that the Company may require GE Vernova to sell GE Vernova’s 50% interest to the Company or GE Vernova may require the Company to purchase GE Vernova’s 50% interest, but only, in each case, if the GE Match Date has not yet occurred. The price for GE Vernova’s interest will depend on the fair market value of the interest, as set forth in the A&R Joint Venture Agreement, with a minimum value of approximately $5 million. The A&R Joint Venture Agreement also provides similar call and put rights with respect to GE Vernova’s interest if the GE Match Date does not occur by the sixth anniversary of the JV Closing or if the Company is acquired by a competitor of GE Vernova.
In the event that a change in applicable laws or regulations has a material adverse effect on GE Vernova’s interest in the AirJoule JV, or GE Vernova determines that the Company fails to meet certain financial performance benchmarks, GE Vernova may require the Company to purchase GE Vernova’s interest for a total purchase price of $1.00.
We own 50% interest in AirJoule, LLC. A variable interest entity (“VIE”), AirJoule, LLC is to be consolidated by its primary beneficiary if the Company has both (i) the power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly impact the VIE’s economic performance and (ii) the obligation to absorb losses of, or the right to receive benefits from, the VIE that could potentially be significant to the VIE. The Company determined that it does not meet the control criterion for consolidating AirJoule and, accordingly, accounts for its variable interest in AirJoule, LLC under the equity method.
In addition to $10.0 million in cash, we contributed a perpetual license in our intellectual property with a carrying value of zero in exchange for the investment in AirJoule. In applying the equity method, our investment was initially recorded at fair value on the consolidated balance sheet. As such the Company recognized a gain of $333.5 million (and treated as a temporary item for tax purposes resulting in a deferred tax liability of approximately $87.8 million) as presented on the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations.
Our share of the losses reported by AirJoule, LLC are classified as equity loss from investment in AirJoule, LLC. The investment is evaluated for impairment annually and if facts and circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable, an impairment charge would be recorded.
Appointment of additional executive officers
On May 7, 2024, the Company announced the expansion of its management team, including the appointment of a new Chief Financial Officer (“CFO”) and the transition of the previous CFO to the role of Chief Administrative Officer (“CAO”).
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Key Financial Definitions/Components of Results
Revenue
The Company anticipates that it will earn revenue from the sale of various key components that will be used in the assembly of AirJoule systems. As of June 30, 2024 no revenue has been earned.
Operating Expenses
We classify our operating expenses into the following categories:
| ● | General and administrative expenses. General and administrative expenses consist primarily of personnel-related expenses for our executives, consultants and advisors. These expenses also include non-personnel costs, such as rent, office supplies, legal, audit and accounting services and other professional fees. |
| ● | Research and development expenses. Research and development expenses include internal personnel, parts, prototypes and third-party consulting costs related to preliminary research and development of the Company’s products. |
| ● | Sales and marketing expenses. Sales and marketing expenses consist primarily of business development professional fees, advertising and marketing costs. |
| ● | Transaction costs incurred in connection with business combination. Transaction costs represent the initial recognition of the earnout shares liability and fees incurred for financial advisory, legal and other professional services that were directly related to the Business Combination. |
| ● | Depreciation expense: Depreciation expense consists of depreciation of Montana and AirJoule’s property and equipment. |
Critical Accounting Estimates
Management’s discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations is based on our condensed consolidated financial statements, which are prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make certain estimates, judgments, and assumptions that we believe are reasonable based upon the information available. These estimates and assumptions can be subjective and complex and may affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, revenues, and expenses reported in those financial statements. As a result, actual results could differ from such estimates and assumptions. Such changes to estimates could potentially result in impacts that would be material to the consolidated financial statements.
While our significant accounting policies are described in more detail in Note 2 to our condensed consolidated financial statements appearing in Item 1 to this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, we believe that the following accounting policies were most critical to the judgments and estimates used in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements.
Share-Based Compensation
We account for share-based compensation arrangements granted to employees in accordance with ASC Topic 718, “Compensation: Stock Compensation,” by measuring the grant date fair value of the award and recognizing the resulting expense over the period during which the employee is required to perform service in exchange for the award. Equity-based compensation expense is only recognized for awards subject to performance conditions if it is probable that the performance condition will be achieved. The Company accounts for forfeitures when they occur.
We estimate the fair value of stock option awards subject to only a service condition on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes valuation model. The Black-Scholes model requires the use of highly subjective and complex assumptions, including the option’s expected term, price volatility of the underlying stock, risk-free interest rate, and the expected dividend yield of the underlying common stock, as well as an estimate of the fair value of the common stock underlying the award.
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The Company estimates the fair value of Earnout Shares awards to employees, which are considered compensatory awards and accounted for under ASC 718 using the Monte-Carlo simulation model. The Monte-Carlo simulation model was selected as the valuation methodology for the Earnout Shares due to the path-dependent nature of triggering events. Under ASC 718, such Earnout shares are measured at fair value as of the grant date and expense is recognized over the applicable time-based vesting period (the triggering event is a market condition and does not impact expense recognition). The Monte-Carlo model requires the use of highly subjective and complex assumptions, estimates and judgements, including the current stock price, volatility of the underlying stock, expected term the risk-free interest rate, the selection of comparable companies, and the probability of possible future events. Changes in any or all of these estimates and assumptions or the relationships between those assumptions impact our valuations as of each valuation date and may have a material impact on the valuation of Common Stock. An increase of 100-basis points in interest rates would not have a material impact on the Company’s stock-based compensation. During the period from the date of the Business Combination through June 30, 2024 the Company did not record stock-based compensation expense associated with these Earnout Shares as the performance conditions associated with these Earnout Shares were not deemed probable of achievement. Unrecognized stock-based compensation expense for these Earnout Shares with a performance-based vesting condition that was not deemed probable of occurring as of June 30, 2024 was $13.0 million which is expected to vest subject to the performance-based vesting condition being satisfied or deemed probable.
Earnout Shares Liability
In connection with the reverse recapitalization and pursuant to the Business Combination Agreement, eligible former Legacy Montana Equityholders are entitled to receive the Earnout Shares upon the Company achieving certain Earnout Milestones (as described in the Merger Agreement). The settlement of the Earnout Shares to the holders of Legacy Montana common units contain variations in something other than the fair value of the issuer’s equity shares. As such, management determined that they should be classified as a liability and recognized at fair value at each reporting period with changes in fair value included in earnings.
We estimated fair value of the Earnout Shares with a Monte Carlo simulation using a distribution of potential outcomes for expected earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization (“EBITDA”) and stock price at expected commission dates, utilizing a correlation coefficient for EBITDA and stock price, and assuming $50 million of Annualized EBITDA per production line, with six production lines commissioned over a five-year period. EBITDA was discounted to the valuation date with a weighted average cost of capital estimate and forecasted to each estimated commission date. Earnout mechanics at each estimated commission date were assessed, and if the Earnout Thresholds were achieved, the future value of the Earnout Shares was discounted to the valuation date utilizing a risk-free rate commensurate with the overall term. Expected EBITDA assumes that each production line will achieve equivalent production generating $50 million of Annualized EBITDA. The commission dates used reflected management’s best estimates regarding the time to complete full construction and operational viability of a production line, including all permitting, regulatory approvals and necessary or useful inspections. The Earnout term of 5 years and the Earnout mechanics represent contractual inputs. The contingent Earnout Shares liability involves certain assumptions requiring significant judgment and actual results may differ from assumed and estimated amounts.
Derivative Financial Instruments and Other Financial Instruments Carried at Fair Value
We do not use derivative instruments to hedge exposures to cash flow, market, or foreign currency risks. We evaluate all of its financial instruments, including the True Up Shares issued in connection with the Subscription Agreement and the Subject Vesting Shares issued in connection with the Business Combination, to determine if such instruments are derivatives or contain features that qualify as embedded derivatives, pursuant to ASC 480 and FASB ASC Topic 815, “Derivatives and Hedging” (“ASC 815”). The classification of derivative instruments, including whether such instruments should be recorded as liabilities or as equity, is reassessed at the end of each reporting period.
The True Up Shares issued under the Subscription Agreement do not qualify as equity under ASC 815-40; therefore, the Class A common stock (the “True Up Shares”) is required to be classified as a liability and measured at fair value with subsequent changes in fair value recorded in earnings. Changes in the estimated fair value of the derivative liability is recognized as a non-cash gain or loss on the condensed consolidated statements of operations. The fair value of the derivative liability is discussed in Note 11 Fair Value Measurements.
The Subject Vesting Shares liability was an assumed liability of XPDB in the Merger as described in Note 4 - Recapitalization. The Subject Vesting Shares vest and are no longer subject to forfeiture as described in Note 4. They do not meet the “fixed-for-fixed” criterion and thus are not considered indexed to the issuer’s stock. As such, management determined that the Subject Vesting Shares should be classified as a liability and recognized at fair value at each reporting period with changes in fair value included in earnings. The estimated fair value of the Subject Vesting Share liability was determined utilizing a Monte Carlo simulation, with underlying forecast mathematics based on geometric Brownian motion in a risk-neutral framework. The Calculation of the value of the Subject Vesting Shares considered the $12.00 and $14.00 vesting conditions in addition to the vesting related to the Earnout Milestone Amount. The Subject Vesting Shares liability involves certain assumptions requiring significant judgment and actual results may differ from assumed and estimated amounts. See Note 11 – Fair Value Measurements.
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Business Combinations
We evaluate whether acquired net assets should be accounted for as a business combination or an asset acquisition by first applying a screen test to determine whether substantially all of the fair value of the gross assets acquired is concentrated in a single identifiable asset or group of similar identifiable assets. If so, the transaction is accounted for as an asset acquisition. If not, we apply judgement to determine whether the acquired net assets meet the definition of a business by considering if the set includes an acquired input, process, and the ability to create outputs.
We account for business combinations using the acquisition method of accounting whereby the identifiable assets and liabilities of the acquired business, including contingent consideration, as well as any non-controlling interest in the acquired business, are recorded at their estimated fair values as of the date that we obtain control of the acquired business. We measure goodwill as the fair value of the consideration transferred including the fair value of any non-controlling interest recognized, less the net recognized amount of the identifiable assets and liabilities combined, all measured at their fair value as of the acquisition date. Transaction costs, other than those associated with the issuance of debt or equity securities, that the Company incurs in connection with a business combination are expensed as incurred.
Any contingent consideration is measured at fair value at the acquisition date. For contingent consideration that does not meet all the criteria for equity classification, such contingent consideration is required to be recorded at its initial fair value at the acquisition date, and on each balance sheet date thereafter. Changes in the estimated fair value of liability-classified contingent consideration are recognized on the consolidated statements of operations in the period of change.
Several valuation methods may be used to determine the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed. For intangible assets, we typically use a variation of the income approach, whereby a forecast of future cash flows attributable to the asset is discounted to present value using a risk-adjusted discount rate. Some of the more significant estimates and assumptions inherent in the income approach include the amount and timing of projected future cash flows, the discount rate selected to measure the risks inherent in the future cash flows, and the assessment of the asset’s expected useful life. When the initial accounting for a business combination has not been finalized by the end of the reporting period in which the transaction occurs, we report provisional amounts. Provisional amounts are adjusted during the measurement period, which does not exceed one year from the acquisition date. These adjustments, or recognition of additional assets or liabilities, reflect new information obtained about facts and circumstances that existed at the acquisition date that, if known, would have affected the amounts recognized at that date.
Equity Method Investment
In accordance with ASC 323, Investments - Equity Method and Joint Ventures, investments in entities over which the Company does not have a controlling financial interest but has significant influence are accounted for using the equity method, with the Company’s share of earnings or losses reported in earnings or losses from equity method investments on the statements of operations. Under the equity method, the Company’s investments are initially measured and recognized using the cost accumulation model following the guidance in ASC 805-50-30. After initial recognition, the consolidated financial statements include the Company’s share of undistributed earnings or losses, and impairment, if any, until the date on which significant influence ceases.
The Company’s equity method investments are assessed for impairment whenever changes in the facts and circumstances indicate a loss in value may have occurred. When a loss is deemed to have occurred and is other than temporary, the carrying value of the equity method investment is written down to fair value. In evaluating whether a loss is other than temporary, the Company considers the length of time for which the conditions have existed and its intent and ability to hold the investment.
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Warrants
We determine the accounting classification of warrants it issues as either liability or equity classified by first assessing whether the warrants meet liability classification in accordance with ASC 480-10, Accounting for Certain Financial Instruments with Characteristics of both Liabilities and Equity (“ASC 480”), then in accordance with ASC 815-40 (“ASC 815”), Accounting for Derivative Financial Instruments Indexed to, and Potentially Settled in, a Company’s Own Stock.. In order for a warrant to be classified in stockholders’ deficit, the warrant must be (i) indexed to the Company’s equity and (ii) meet the conditions for equity classification.
If a warrant does not meet the conditions for stockholders’ deficit classification, it is carried on the condensed consolidated balance sheets as a warrant liability measured at fair value, with subsequent changes in the fair value of the warrant recorded in other non-operating losses (gains) in the consolidated statements of operations. If a warrant meets both conditions for equity classification, the warrant is initially recorded, at its relative fair value on the date of issuance, in stockholders’ deficit in the condensed consolidated balance sheets, and the amount initially recorded is not subsequently remeasured at fair value.
Income Taxes
Prior to the Business Combination on March 14, 2024, the Company was a limited liability company (“LLC”) and treated as a partnership for income tax purpose. As a Partnership, the Company was not directly liable for federal income taxes. As of the date of the Business Combination, the operations of the Company ceased to be taxed as a partnership resulting in a change in tax status for federal and state income tax purposes.
The Company follows the asset and liability method of accounting for income taxes under ASC Topic 740, Income Taxes (“ASC 740”). Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that is included in the enactment date. Valuation allowances are established, when necessary, to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount expected to be realized.
ASC 740 prescribes a recognition threshold and a measurement attribute for the financial statement recognition and measurement of tax positions taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. For those benefits to be recognized, a tax position must be more likely than not to be sustained upon examination by taxing authorities. The Company recognizes accrued interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits as income tax expense. Management has evaluated the Company’s tax positions, including its previous status as a pass-through entity for federal and state tax purposes, and has determined that the Company has taken no uncertain tax positions that require adjustment to the condensed consolidated financial statements. The Company’s reserve related to uncertain tax positions was zero as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023. There were no unrecognized tax benefits and no amounts accrued for interest and penalties as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023. The Company is currently not aware of any issues under review that could result in significant payments, accruals or material deviation from its position.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
A discussion of recently issued accounting standards applicable to Montana is described in Note 3, Significant Accounting Policies, in the Notes to Financial Statements contained elsewhere in this Current Report on Form 10-Q.
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Results of Operations
The following tables set forth the results of our operations for the periods presented, as well as the changes between periods. The period-to-period comparison of financial results is not necessarily indicative of future results.
The three and six months ended June 30, 2024 compared to the three and six months ended June 30, 2023
The following table sets forth the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of operations data for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023:
| Three months ended June 30, | Six months ended June 30, | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2024 | 2023 | $ Change | 2024 | 2023 | $ Change | |||||||||||||||||||
| Expenses | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| General and administrative | $ | 3,211,205 | $ | 1,813,014 | $ | 1,398,191 | $ | 4,024,444 | $ | 2,031,189 | $ | 1,993,255 | ||||||||||||
| Research and development | 1,050,804 | 1,099,143 | (48,339 | ) | 1,896,961 | 1,704,087 | 192,874 | |||||||||||||||||
| Sales and marketing | 74,841 | 128,153 | (53,312 | ) | 112,566 | 138,576 | (26,010 | ) | ||||||||||||||||
| Transaction costs incurred in connection with business combination | - | - | - | 54,693,103 | - | 54,693,103 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Depreciation expense | 1,216 | 1,085 | 131 | 2,301 | 2,170 | 131 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Loss from operations | (4,338,066 | ) | (3,041,395 | ) | 1,296,671 | (60,729,375 | ) | (3,876,022 | ) | 56,853,353 | ||||||||||||||
| Other income (expenses): | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest Income | 216,480 | 3,551 | 212,929 | 242,626 | 3,551 | 239,075 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Gain on contribution to AirJoule, LLC | - | - | - | 333,500,000 | - | 333,500,000 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Equity loss from investment in AirJoule, LLC | (580,788 | ) | - | (580,788 | ) | (607,170 | ) | - | (607,170 | ) | ||||||||||||||
| Change in fair value of Earnout Shares liability | 13,064,000 | - | 13,064,000 | 5,392,000 | - | 5,392,000 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Change in fair value of True Up Shares liability | (136,000 | ) | - | (136,000 | ) | 133,000 | - | 133,000 | ||||||||||||||||
| Change in fair value of Subject Vesting Shares | 1,759,000 | - | 1,759,000 | (666,000 | ) | - | (666,000 | ) | ||||||||||||||||
| Gain on settlement of legal fees | 2,207,445 | - | 2,207,445 | 2,207,445 | - | 2,207,445 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Other income (loss), net | 16,530,137 | 3,551 | 16,526,586 | 340,201,901 | 3,551 | 340,198,350 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Income (loss) before income taxes | 12,192,071 | (3,037,844 | ) | 15,229,915 | 279,472,526 | (3,872,471 | ) | 283,344,997 | ||||||||||||||||
| Income tax benefit (expense) | 1,237,824 | - | 1,237,824 | (84,487,339 | ) | - | (84,487,339 | ) | ||||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) | $ | 13,429,895 | $ | (3,037,844 | ) | $ | 16,467,739 | $ | 194,985,187 | $ | (3,872,471 | ) | $ | 198,857,658 | ||||||||||
General and Administrative
General and administrative expenses for the three months ended June 30, 2024 was $3,211,205 as compared to $1,813,014 for the three months ended June 30, 2023. The $1,398,191 increase in general and administrative reflects increases in professional services such as legal, audit and accounting services. Montana expects that its general and administrative expenses will increase in future periods commensurate with the expected growth of its business and increased expenditures associated with its status as an exchange-listed public company.
General and administrative expenses for the six months ended June 30, 2024 was $4,024,444 as compared to $2,031,189 for the six months ended June 30, 2023. The $1,993,255 increase in general and administrative reflects increases in professional services such as legal and audit and accounting. Montana expects that its general and administrative expenses will increase in future periods commensurate with the expected growth of its business and increased expenditures associated with its status as an exchange listed public company.
Research and Development
Research and Development expenses for the three months ended June 30, 2024 was $1,050,804 as compared to $1,099,143 for the three months ended June 30, 2023. The $48,339 decrease in research and development is a result of timing of services and purchases. The Company expects that its research and development expenses will increase in future periods commensurate with the expected growth of its business.
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Research and Development expenses for the six months ended June 30, 2024 was $1,896,961 as compared to $1,704,087 for the six months ended June 30, 2023. The $192,874 increase in research and development reflects increases in personnel and prototype related costs as the Company continues to develop its products and technology. The Company expects that its research and development expenses will increase in future periods commensurate with the expected growth of its business.
Sales and Marketing
Sales and marketing for the three months ended June 30, 2024 was $74,841 as compared to $128,153 for the three months ended June 30, 2023. In 2023, Montana incurred non-recurring expenses related to business development that ended in July 2023. Montana expects that its sales and marketing expenses will increase in future periods commensurate with the expected growth of its business.
Sales and marketing for the six months ended June 30, 2024 was $112,566 as compared to $138,576 for the six months ended June 30, 2023. In 2023, Montana incurred non-recurring expenses related to business development that ended in July 2023. Montana expects that its sales and marketing expenses will increase in future periods commensurate with the expected growth of its business.
Transaction costs incurred in connection with business combination
Transaction costs incurred in connection with the business combination include the non-cash recognition of earnout liabilities of approximately $53.7 million and transaction costs incurred by Legacy Montana of approximately $1.0 million, which were paid in 2024.
Depreciation Expense
Depreciation expense for the three months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 was $1,216 and $1,085, respectively. Depreciation expense for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 was $2,301 and $2,168, respectively.
Interest Income
Interest income was $216,480 and $242,626, respectively for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 compared to $3,551 for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023. This is a result of the increase in our cash balance after the closing of the Business Combination.
Gain on contribution to AirJoule, LLC
An equity method investment received in exchange for noncash consideration is measured at fair value. As a result, for the six months ended June 30, 2024, we recognized a gain of $333,500,000 on the contribution to AirJoule, LLC for the difference between our zero carrying value and the fair value of the perpetual license to intellectual property that we transferred to AirJoule, LLC.
The Company determined the fair value of the intellectual property by applying the multi-period excess earnings method, which involved the use of significant estimates and assumptions related to forecasted revenue growth rate and customer attrition rate, Level 3 measurements. Valuation specialists were used to develop and evaluate the appropriateness of the multi-period excess earnings method, the Company's discount rates, attrition rate and fair value estimates using its cash flow projections.
Equity loss on earnings from investment AirJoule, LLC
As previously noted, on January 25, 2024, we entered into a joint venture with GE Ventures LLC, the AirJoule JV which closed on March 4, 2024. For the three months ended June 30, 2024 and for the period from March 4, 2024 to June 30, 2024, we recognized a loss of $580,788 and $607,170, respectively from our 50% equity investment in the AirJoule JV.
Income Taxes
For the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, income tax benefit/(expense) was $1,237,824 and $(84,487,339), respectively. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, the Company’s contribution of a perpetual license to AirJoule, LLC’s intellectual property was measured at fair value and resulted in a book gain and a temporary difference between book and taxable income. The temporary difference resulted in the recognition of a deferred tax expenses and deferred tax liabilities of approximately $87.8 million. This expense was partially offset by the recognition of deferred tax assets in connection with the Company now being a corporation through the Business Combination.
Fair value of Earnout Shares liability
Upon consummation of the Business Combination, the Company expensed approximately $53.7 million in Earnout Shares liability. The change in fair value of $13.1 million and $5.4 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, is due to a decrease in the estimated fair value of the liability and is recognized as a gain in other income (expenses) in the statements of operations. The fair value of the liability decreased primarily due changes in the valuation inputs, mainly a change in the timing of future cash flows, a decrease in the stock price and an increase in the volatility.
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Fair value of Subject Vesting Shares liability
Upon consummation of the Business Combination, the Company assumed approximately $11.8 million for the subject vesting shares liability. The change in fair value of income of $1.8 million and a loss of $0.7 million during the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, respectively, is due to a decrease and increase, respectively, in the estimated fair value of the liability recognized as a gain and (loss), respectively, in the condensed consolidated statements of operations. The stock price at June 30, 2024 decreased compared to the stock price as of March 31, 2024, which was the primary reason for the decrease in the liability in the three months ended June 30, 2024. However, compared to the date of closing, the stock price was higher as of June 30, 2024, substantially contributing to an increase in the estimated liability in the six months ended June 30, 2024.
Fair value of True Up Shares liability
Upon consummation of the Business Combination, the Company assumed approximately $555,000 in earnout true up shares liability. The change in fair value of the liability of $(0.1) million and $0.1 million during the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, respectively, is due to an increase and decrease, respectively as a result of changes in the Company’s stock price, in the estimated fair value of the liability recognized as a (loss) and gain, respectively, in the condensed consolidated statements of operations.
Gain on settlement of legal fees
During the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, the Company recognized a gain on the settlement of legal fees related to the transaction costs of the Business Combination. There were no such gains in the three and six months ended June 30, 2023.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
The Company’s primary sources of liquidity have been cash from contributions from founders or other investors through subscriptions agreements. The Company had retained earnings of approximately $177.8.0 million as of June 30, 2024. As of June 30, 2024, the Company had $32.4 million of working capital including $34.6 million in cash.
The Company assesses its liquidity in terms of its ability to generate adequate amounts of cash to meet current and future needs. Its expected primary uses of cash on a short and long-term basis are for working capital requirements, capital expenditures and other general corporate services. The Company’s primary working capital requirements are for project execution activities including purchases of materials, services and payroll which fluctuate during the year, driven primarily by the timing and extent of activities required on new and existing projects. The Company’s management expects that future operating losses and negative operating cash flows may increase from historical levels because of additional costs and expenses related to the development of its technology and the development of market and strategic relationships with other businesses and customers.
With the consummation of the Business Combination and Subscription Agreements (as described above and in Note 4 – Recapitalization), the Company received proceeds of approximately $40 million in March 2024, and $6 million in May 2024, after giving effect to XPDB’s stockholder redemptions and payment of transaction expenses, which will be utilized to fund our product development, operations and growth plans. Additionally, in June 2024, the Company received gross proceeds of $12.4 million from existing and new investors for 1,238,500 million shares of Class A common stock pursuant to an Additional Subscription Agreement entered into on June 5, 2024.
Our future capital requirements will depend on many factors, including, the timing and extent of spending by the Company to support the launch of its product and research and development efforts, the degree to which it is successful in launching new business initiatives and the cost associated with these initiatives, and the growth of our business generally. Pursuant to the A&R Joint Venture Agreement, the Company contributed $10 million in cash to the AirJoule JV at the JV Closing (the “Closing Contribution”) and in June 2024, GE Vernova contributed $100 to the AirJoule JV. The Company has also agreed to contribute up to an additional $90 million in capital contributions to the AirJoule JV following the JV Closing based on a business plan and annual operating budgets to be agreed between the Company and GE Vernova. In general, for the first six years, GE Vernova has the right, but not the obligation, to make capital contributions to the AirJoule JV. In order to finance these opportunities and associated costs, it is possible that the Company would need to raise additional financing if the proceeds realized from the Business Combination and cash received from Subscription Agreements are insufficient to support its business needs. While management believes that the proceeds realized through the Business Combination and cash received from Subscription Agreements will be sufficient to meet its currently contemplated business needs, management cannot assure that this will be the case. If additional financing is required by us from outside sources, the Company may not be able to raise it on terms acceptable to it or at all. If the Company is unable to raise additional capital on acceptable terms when needed, its product development business, results of operations and financial condition would be materially and adversely affected.
Contractual Obligations and Commitments
In October 2021, the Company entered into a patent license agreement with a third party whereby the third party granted the Company rights to use certain of their patents in exchange for an upfront payment and royalties based on a percentage of net sales until such patents expire. In connection with this, the Company agreed to a minimum royalty amount of which $62,500 and $37,500 was expensed for the three months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively and $125,000 and $62,500 was expensed for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. At June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, $125,000 and $150,000, respectively, was accrued by the Company in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet.
Future minimum royalties are as follows as of June 30 ,2024:
| Remainder of 2024 | $ | 125,000 | ||
| 2025 and each year through the date the patents expire | 300,000 |
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Joint Venture Agreement
On October 27, 2021, we entered into a joint venture agreement with CATL US, an affiliate of CATL, pursuant to which we and CATL US formed CAMT, a limited liability company organized under the laws of Hong Kong. Legacy Montana and CATL US each own 50% of CAMT’s issued and outstanding shares.
Pursuant to the Amended and Restated Joint Venture Agreement for CAMT, entered into on September 29, 2023 (the “A&R Joint Venture Agreement”), Legacy Montana and CATL US have each agreed to contribute $6 million to CAMT. Of this $6 million, we expect to make an initial contribution of $2 million prior to December 31, 2024, with the remaining $4 million contributed when requested by CAMT based on a business plan and operating budgets to be agreed between us and CATL US. Any additional financing beyond the initial $12 million (i.e., $6 million from each of Legacy Montana and CATL US) will be subject to the prior mutual agreement of Legacy Montana and CATL US. CAMT is managed by a four-member board of directors, with two directors (including the chairman) designated by CATL US and two directors (including the vice chairman) designated by Legacy Montana. In the event of an equal vote, the chairman may cast the deciding vote. Certain reserved matters, including debt issuances exceeding $5 million in a single transaction or in aggregate within a fiscal year, amendments to CAMT’s constitutional documents the annual financial budget of CAMT, and any transaction between CAMT and CATL US or Legacy Montana in an amount exceeding $10 million in a single transaction or in aggregate within a fiscal year, require the unanimous vote of both CATL US and Legacy Montana or all directors. As of June 30, 2024, the Company has not funded this joint venture or contributed any assets to the joint venture.
The purpose of Legacy Montana’s joint venture with CATL US is to commercialize our AirJoule technology in Asia and Europe and, pursuant to the A&R Joint Venture Agreement, CAMT has the exclusive right to commercialize AirJoule technology in those territories. Subject to the oversight of CAMT’s board, CATL US is responsible for managing the day-to-day operations of CAMT (including the nomination and replacement of the Chief Executive Officer of CAMT), and is responsible for providing CAMT and any subsidiaries formed by CAMT with, among other things, administrative services, supply chain support, assistance in obtaining required permits and approvals and assistance in purchasing or leasing land and equipment.
Cash flows for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023
The following table summarizes the Company’s cash flows from operating, investing and financing activities for the three months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023:
| For the six months ended June 30, | ||||||||
| (in thousands) | 2024 | 2023 | ||||||
| Net cash used in operating activities | $ | (17,576,561 | ) | $ | (1,856,812 | ) | ||
| Net cash used in investing activities | (10,006,554 | ) | (96,025 | ) | ||||
| Net cash provided by financing activities | $ | 61,855,930 | $ | 264,441 | ||||
Net Cash Used in Operating Activities
Net cash used in operating activities was $17,576,561 during the six months ended June 30, 2024 compared to net cash used in operating activities of $1,856,812 during the six months ended June 30, 2023. The period-to-period change was a result of Montana’s net loss from operations, a decrease in accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities reflecting payments made in the six months ended June 30, 2024 and the change in fair value of earnout shares liability and True Up Shares.
Net Cash Used in Investing Activities
Net cash used in investing activities was $10,006,554 during the six months ended June 30, 2024 compared to net cash used in investing activities of $96,025 for the six months ended June 30, 2023 as a result of the Company’s contribution made to AirJoule, LLC.
Net Cash flows Provided by Financing Activities
For the six months ended June 30, 2024, net cash provided by financing activities was $61,855,930 compared to net cash flow from financing activities of $264,441 during the six months ended June 30, 2023. The period-to-period change was primarily due to higher proceeds from the issuance of Legacy Montana common stock related to private placements prior to the Merger and the exercise of stock options and warrants and the issuance of common stock to PIPE investors.
Off balance sheet arrangements
The Company did not have any off-balance sheet arrangements as of June 30, 2024.
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Emerging Growth Company Status
We are an emerging growth company as defined in the JOBS Act. The JOBS Act permits companies with emerging growth company status to take advantage of an extended transition period to comply with new or revised accounting standards, delaying the adoption of these accounting standards until they would apply to private companies. We have elected to use this extended transition period to enable it to comply with new or revised accounting standards that have different effective dates for public and private companies until the earlier of the date we (i) are no longer an emerging growth company or (ii) affirmatively and irrevocably opts out of the extended transition period provided in the JOBS Act. As a result, our financial statements may not be comparable to companies that comply with the new or revised accounting standards as of public company effective dates.
In addition, we intend to rely on the other exemptions and reduced reporting requirements provided by the JOBS Act. Subject to certain conditions set forth in the JOBS Act, if, as an emerging growth company, we intend to rely on such exemptions, we are not required to, among other things: (i) provide an auditor’s attestation report on our system of internal controls over financial reporting pursuant to Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act; (ii) provide all of the compensation disclosure that may be required of non-emerging growth public companies under the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act; (iii) comply with any requirement that may be adopted by the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board regarding mandatory audit firm rotation or a supplement to the auditor’s report providing additional information about the audit and the financial statements (auditor discussion and analysis); and (iv) disclose certain executive compensation-related items such as the correlation between executive compensation and performance and comparisons of the Chief Executive Officer’s compensation to median employee compensation.
We will remain an emerging growth company under the JOBS Act until the earliest of (i) the last day of our first fiscal year following the fifth anniversary of the closing of XPDB’s initial public offering, (ii) the last date of our fiscal year in which we have total annual gross revenue of at least $1.235 billion, (iii) the date on which we are deemed to be a “large accelerated filer” under the rules of the SEC with at least $700.0 million of outstanding securities held by non-affiliates or (iv) the date on which we have issued more than $1.0 billion in non-convertible debt securities during the previous three years.
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.
Not applicable.
Item 4. Controls and Procedures.
Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, the Company conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of its disclosure controls and procedures (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act, as amended (the “Exchange Act”)) as of the end of the period covered by this report. Disclosure controls and procedures are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the reports the Company files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms and that such information is accumulated and communicated to management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were not effective, due to the material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting, which pertains to internal controls over complex accounting issues, including the application of the reverse recapitalization accounting for the Business Combination and the VIE accounting for the AirJoule JV. As a result, we performed additional analysis as deemed necessary to ensure that our consolidated financial statements were prepared in accordance with US GAAP. Accordingly, management believes that the condensed consolidated financial statements included in this Form 10-Q present fairly in all material respects our financial position, results of operations and cash flows for the period presented.
Management intends to implement remediation steps to improve our disclosure controls and procedures and our internal control over financial reporting. Specifically, we intend to expand and improve our review process for complex transactions. We are currently considering remedial procedures, including enhancing access to accounting literature, identifying third-party professionals with whom to consult regarding complex accounting applications, and considering the addition of staff with the requisite experience and training to supplement existing accounting professionals.
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
During the most recently completed fiscal quarter ended June 30, 2024, other than noted above, there were no other changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
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PART II - OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. Legal Proceedings.
We are and, from time to time, we may become involved in legal proceedings or be subject to claims arising in the ordinary course of our business. We are not presently a party to any other legal proceedings that, in the opinion of our management, if determined adversely to us, would individually or taken together have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results, financial condition, or cash flows.
ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
We are subject to various risks and uncertainties in the course of our business. As a result of the closing of the Business Combination, the risk factors previously disclosed in part I, Item 1A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023 no longer apply. For a discussion of risks and uncertainties relating to our business following the Business Combination, please see below as well as the section in our Registration Statement on Form S-1 filed with the SEC on April 12, 2024 (as amended) (the “Form S-1”) titled “Risk Factors.” As of the date hereof, there have been no material changes to the risk factors disclosed in the Form S-1, other than as updated by the information appearing in Part II, Item 1A, Risk Factors in Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q filed following the Form S-1. Any of the factors disclosed in the Form S-1 or any such subsequent Form 10-Qs in the section titled “Risk Factors” could result in a significant or material adverse effect on our results of operations or financial condition, and additional risks could arise that may also affect our business. We may disclose changes to such risk factors or disclose additional risk factors from time to time in our future filings with the SEC.
ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS
Set forth below is information regarding shares of capital stock issued by us within the quarterly period ended in June 30, 2024. Also included is the consideration received by us for such shares and information relating to the section of the Securities Act, or rule of the Securities and Exchange Commission, under which exemption from registration was claimed.
Subscription Agreements
On June 5, 2024, the Company entered into Subscription Agreements with certain investors, pursuant to which, among other things, the investors agreed to subscribe for and purchase from Montana, and Montana has agreed to issue and sell to the investors, an aggregate of 1,238,500 shares of Class A common stock for an aggregate purchase price of approximately $12.4 million. These securities were issued and sold in reliance on Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act.
ITEM 3. DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES
None.
ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES
Not applicable.
ITEM 5. OTHER INFORMATION
During the quarter ended June 30, 2024, no director or officer (as
defined in Rule 16a-1(f) under the Exchange Act) of the Company adopted or terminated a “
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ITEM 6. EXHIBITS
The following exhibits are filed as part of, or incorporated by reference into, this Report.
| * | Filed or furnished herewith. |
| + | Indicates management contract or compensatory plan |
| # | Schedules have been omitted pursuant to Item 601(a)(5) of Regulation S-K. The registrant undertakes to furnish supplemental copies of any of the omitted schedules upon request by the SEC. |
| † | The information in Exhibits 32.1 and 32.2 shall not be deemed “filed” for purposes of Section 18 of the Exchange Act, or otherwise subject to the liabilities of that section, nor shall it be deemed incorporated by reference in any filing under the Securities Act or the Exchange Act (including this Annual Report), unless the Registrant specifically incorporates the foregoing information into those documents by reference. |
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, the Registrant has duly caused this Report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
| MONTANA TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION | ||
| August 22, 2024 | By: | /s/ Stephen S. Pang |
| Name: | Stephen S. Pang | |
| Title: | Chief Financial Officer | |
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Exhibit 10.2
MONTANA TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION
EXECUTIVE SEVERANCE PLAN
Montana Technologies Corporation, a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), has adopted this Montana Technologies Corporation Executive Severance Plan, including the attached Exhibits (the “Plan”), for the benefit of Participants (as defined below) on the terms and conditions hereinafter stated. The Plan, as set forth herein, is intended to provide severance protections to a select group of management or highly compensated employees (within the meaning of ERISA (as defined below)) in connection with qualifying terminations of employment.
1. Defined Terms. Capitalized terms used but not otherwise defined herein shall have the meanings indicated below:
1.1 “Base Salary” means, with respect to any Participant, the Participant’s annual base salary rate in effect immediately prior to a Qualifying Termination, disregarding any reduction which gives rise to Good Reason.
1.2 “Board” means the Board of Directors of the Company.
1.3 “Cash Salary Severance” means the portion of a Participant’s Cash Severance that is based on the Participant’s Base Salary determined in accordance with Exhibit A or Exhibit B attached hereto, as applicable.
1.4 “Cash Severance” means the Cash Salary Severance and, if applicable, the Target Bonus Severance.
1.5 “Cause” means, with respect to any Participant, (i) the Participant’s unauthorized use or disclosure of confidential information or trade secrets of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries or any material breach of a written agreement between the Participant and the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, including without limitation a material breach of any employment, confidentiality, non-compete, non-solicit or similar agreement; (ii) the Participant’s commission of, indictment for or the entry of a plea of guilty or nolo contendere by the Participant to, a felony under the laws of the United States or any state thereof or any crime involving dishonesty or moral turpitude (or any similar crime in any jurisdiction outside the United States); (iii) the Participant’s gross negligence or willful misconduct in the performance of the Participant’s duties or the Participant’s willful or repeated failure or refusal to substantially perform assigned duties; (iv) any act of fraud, embezzlement, material misappropriation or dishonesty committed by the Participant against the Company or any of its Subsidiaries; or (v) any acts, omissions or statements by the Participant which the Company determines to be materially detrimental or damaging to the reputation, operations, prospects or business relations of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries.
1.6 “Change in Control” shall have the meaning set forth in the Company’s 2024 Incentive Award Plan, as may be amended from time to time.
1.7 “CIC Protection Period” means the period beginning on and including three (3) months prior to the date on which a Change in Control is consummated and ending on and including the twelve (12)-month anniversary of the date on which a Change in Control is consummated.
1.8 “CIC Termination” means (i) during the portion of the CIC Protection Period that occurs prior to the date on which a Change in Control is consummated, a Qualifying Termination solely due to a termination by the Company or a Subsidiary without Cause; and (ii) during the portion of the CIC Protection Period occurring on or after the date on which a Change in Control is consummated, any Qualifying Termination. For the avoidance of doubt, a Participant’s Qualifying Termination due to his or her resignation for Good Reason during the portion of the CIC Protection Period that occurs prior to the date on which a Change in Control is consummated shall constitute a Qualifying Termination for purposes of Section 4.2 of the Plan but shall not constitute a CIC Termination.
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1.9 “Claimant” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 11.1 hereof.
1.10 “COBRA” means the Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1985.
1.11 “COBRA Benefits” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 4.2(b) hereof.
1.12 “COBRA Multiplier” means, with respect to any Participant, the number of months used to calculate the amount of the COBRA Payment to which the Participant is entitled pursuant to Section 4.3(b), as determined in accordance with Exhibit B attached hereto (based on the Participant’s Severance Classification).
1.13 “COBRA Payment” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 4.3(b) hereof.
1.14 “Code” means the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended from time to time, or any successor thereto.
1.15 “Committee” means the Compensation Committee of the Board, or such other committee as may be appointed by the Board to administer the Plan.
1.16 “Date of Termination” means the effective date of the termination of the Participant’s employment.
1.17 “Employee” means an individual who is an employee (within the meaning of Code Section 3401(c)) of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries.
1.18 “Equity Award” means an equity or equity-based award granted by the Company covering shares of Class A common stock of the Company.
1.19 “ERISA” means the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended, and the regulations promulgated thereunder.
1.20 “Excise Tax” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 7.1 hereof.
1.21 “Good Reason” means, with respect to any Participant, the occurrence of one or more of the following events, without the Participant’s written consent: (i) a material diminution in the Participant’s duties, responsibilities or authority, (ii) the Company (or its Subsidiary) requires the Participant to relocate the Participant’s principal place of employment by more than fifty (50) miles from the Participant’s principal place of work as of immediately prior to such relocation (which, for clarity, may include a remote work location in accordance with the Company’s standard practices and policies regarding remote work), other than temporary work-related travel and other than a relocation that reduces the Participant’s one-way commute from his principal residence, or (iii) a material diminution in the Participant’s Base Salary or Target Bonus, except in connection with proportionate across-the-board salary reductions (and corresponding target bonus deductions) imposed on substantially all of the Company’s similarly-situated employees. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Participant will not be deemed to have resigned for Good Reason unless (x) the Participant provides the Company with written notice setting forth in reasonable detail the facts and circumstances alleged by the Participant to constitute Good Reason within thirty (30) days following the date of the occurrence of the event constituting Good Reason, (y) the Company fails to cure the same (to the extent capable of cure) within thirty (30) days after its receipt of such notice and (z) the effective date of the Participant’s termination for Good Reason occurs no later than thirty (30) days after the expiration of the Company’s cure period.
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1.22 “Independent Advisors” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 7.2 hereof.
1.23 “Participant” means each Employee with a title of Vice President or higher who is selected by the Administrator (or designee thereof in accordance with Section 4 hereof) to participate in the Plan and is provided with (and, if applicable, countersigns) a Participation Notice in accordance with Section 13.2 hereof, other than any Employee who, at the time of his or her termination of employment, is covered by a plan or agreement with the Company or a Subsidiary that provides for cash severance or termination benefits. For the avoidance of doubt, retention bonus payments, change in control bonus payments and other similar payments shall not constitute “cash severance” for purposes of this definition.
1.24 “Participation Notice” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 13.2 hereof.
1.25 “Qualifying Termination” means a termination of the Participant’s employment with the Company or a Subsidiary, as applicable, (i) by the Company or a Subsidiary, as applicable, without Cause or (ii) by the Participant for Good Reason. Notwithstanding anything contained herein, in no event shall a Participant be deemed to have experienced a Qualifying Termination (a) if such Participant is offered and accepts a comparable employment position with the Company or any Subsidiary, or (b) if in connection with a Change in Control or any other corporate transaction or sale of assets involving the Company or any Subsidiary, such Participant is offered and accepts a comparable employment position with the successor or purchaser entity (or an affiliate thereof), as applicable. A Qualifying Termination shall not include a termination due to the Participant’s death or disability.
1.26 “Release” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 4.4 hereof.
1.27 “Severance Benefits” means, collectively, the Cash Severance and the COBRA Benefits (or the COBRA Payments, as applicable) to which a Participant may become entitled pursuant to the Plan.
1.28 “Severance Classification” means, with respect to any Participant, his or her designation as a “Tier 1”, “Tier 2” or “Tier 3” Participant in the Plan.
1.29 “Severance Period” means, with respect to any Participant, the number of months following the Participant’s Date of Termination during which the Participant is entitled to the Cash Salary Severance and COBRA Benefits, as determined in accordance with Exhibit A or Exhibit B, as applicable, attached hereto (based on the Participant’s Severance Classification).
1.30 “Subsidiary” means any entity (other than the Company), whether domestic or foreign, in an unbroken chain of entities beginning with the Company if each of the entities other than the last entity in the unbroken chain beneficially owns, at the time of the determination, securities or interests representing at least 50% of the total combined voting power of all classes of securities or interests in one of the other entities in such chain.
1.31 “Target Bonus” means, with respect to any Participant, the Participant’s target annual cash performance bonus, if any, for the year in which the Date of Termination occurs. For clarity, if the Participant is not eligible to receive an annual cash performance bonus, such Participant’s Target Bonus shall equal zero.
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1.32 “Target Bonus Severance” means the portion of a Participant’s Cash Severance that is based on the Participant’s Target Bonus, determined in accordance with Exhibit B attached hereto.
1.33 “Total Payments” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 7.1 hereof.
2. Effectiveness of the Plan; Notification. The Plan shall become effective on the date on which it is duly adopted by the Board. The Administrator shall, pursuant to a Participation Notice, notify each Participant that such Participant has been selected to participate in the Plan and of such Participant’s Severance Classification.
3. Administration. Subject to Section 13.4 hereof, the Plan shall be interpreted, administered and operated by the Committee (the “Administrator”), which shall have complete authority, subject to the express provisions of the Plan, to interpret the Plan, to prescribe, amend and rescind rules and regulations relating to the Plan, and to make all other determinations necessary or advisable for the administration of the Plan. The Administrator may delegate any of its duties hereunder to a subcommittee, or to such person or persons from time to time as it may designate other than to any Participant in the Plan. All decisions, interpretations and other actions of the Administrator (including with respect to whether a Qualifying Termination has occurred) shall be final, conclusive and binding on all parties who have an interest in the Plan.
4. Severance Benefits.
4.1 Eligibility. Each Employee who qualifies as a Participant and who experiences a Qualifying Termination is eligible to receive Severance Benefits under the Plan.
4.2 Qualifying Termination Payment. In the event that a Participant experiences a Qualifying Termination (other than a CIC Termination), then, subject to the Participant’s execution and, to the extent applicable, non-revocation of a Release in accordance with Section 4.4 hereof, and subject to any additional requirements specified in the Plan, the Company shall pay or provide to the Participant the following Severance Benefits:
(a) Cash Salary Severance Payment. The Company shall pay to the Participant an amount equal to the Participant’s Cash Salary Severance as determined in accordance with Exhibit A attached hereto (based on the Participant’s Severance Classification). Subject to Section 6.2 hereof, the Cash Salary Severance (as set forth on Exhibit A) shall be paid to the Participant in accordance with the Company’s usual payroll periods during the Severance Period (as set forth on Exhibit A and based on the Participant’s Severance Classification) commencing on the Date of Termination; provided, that no such payments shall be made prior to the date on which the Release becomes effective and irrevocable and, if the aggregate period during which the Participant is entitled to consider and/or revoke the Release starts in one calendar year and ends in another calendar year, no payments under this Section 4.2(a) shall be made prior to the beginning of the second (2nd) such calendar year (and any such payments otherwise payable prior thereto (if any) shall instead be paid on the first (1st) regularly scheduled Company payroll date in the second (2nd) such calendar year).
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(b) COBRA. Subject to the requirements of the Code, if the Participant properly elects health care continuation coverage under the Company’s group health plans pursuant to COBRA, to the extent that the Participant is eligible to do so, then the Company shall directly pay or, at its election, reimburse the Participant for the Participant’s and the Participant’s covered dependents coverage under its group health plans (at the same benefit levels and same cost to the Participant as would have applied if the Participant’s employment had not been terminated based on the Participant’s elections in effect on the Date of Termination) until the earlier of the end of the month during which the Participant’s Severance Period (as determined in accordance with Exhibit A attached hereto (based on the Participant’s Severance Classification)) ends or the date the Participant becomes eligible for healthcare coverage under a subsequent employer’s health plan, of which eligibility the Participant promptly gives notice to the Company (the “COBRA Benefits”). Notwithstanding the foregoing, (i) if any plan pursuant to which such COBRA Benefits are provided is not, or ceases prior to the expiration of the period of continuation coverage to be, exempt from the application of Code Section 409A under Treasury Regulation Section 1.409A-1(a)(5), or (ii) the Company is otherwise unable to continue to cover the Participant under its group health plans without penalty under applicable law (including without limitation, Section 2716 of the Public Health Service Act), then, in either case, an amount equal to each remaining Company reimbursement shall thereafter be paid to the Participant in substantially equal monthly installments over the Severance Period (or the remaining portion thereof).
(c) Equity Award Treatment. Each outstanding Equity Award which is held by the Participant as of the Date of Termination shall be treated in accordance with the terms of the applicable Company equity plan and award agreement governing the Equity Award.
4.3 CIC Termination Payment. In the event that a Participant experiences a CIC Termination, then, subject to the Participant’s execution and, to the extent applicable, non-revocation of a Release in accordance with Section 4.4 hereof, and subject to any additional requirements specified in the Plan, then the Company shall pay or provide to the Participant the following Severance Benefits:
(a) Cash Salary Severance. The Company shall pay to the Participant the Severance Benefits set forth in Section 4.2(a) hereof; provided, however, that the amount of the Cash Salary Severance shall be determined in accordance with Exhibit B attached hereto (instead of in accordance with Exhibit A) based on the Participant’s Severance Classification and any Cash Salary Severance set forth in Exhibit B will be paid in a single lump-sum on the later of the 60th day following the Date of Termination and the date of the Change in Control; provided further, that if Cash Salary Severance payments set forth in Exhibit A have commenced under Section 4.2(a) prior to the consummation of the Change in Control, then the excess of the Cash Salary Severance payments set forth in Exhibit B over the actual aggregate amount of the Cash Salary Severance paid to the Participant under Section 4.2(a) prior to the consummation of such Change in Control shall be paid to the Participant in a lump-sum on the date on which the Change in Control is consummated (and, for clarity, no further Cash Salary Severance payments shall be made to the Participant under Section 4.2(a)).
(b) COBRA Payment. The Company shall pay to the Participant an amount equal to the product of (i) the Company’s portion of the monthly premium contributions for the Participant’s and the Participant’s covered dependents coverage under its group health plans (based on the Participant’s elections as in effect as of the Date of Termination) and (ii) the Participant’s “COBRA Multiplier” determined in accordance with Exhibit B attached hereto based on the Participant’s Severance Classification (the “COBRA Payment”). The COBRA Payment will be paid in a single lump-sum on the later of the 60th day following the Date of Termination and the date of the Change in Control; provided, that if the COBRA Benefits have commenced under Section 4.2(b) prior to the consummation of the Change in Control, then the excess of the Participant’s COBRA Payment over the actual aggregate amount paid by the Company in respect of the COBRA Benefits under Section 4.2(b) prior to the consummation of such Change in Control shall be paid to the Participant in a lump-sum on the date on which the Change in Control is consummated (and, for clarity, no further COBRA Benefits shall be provided to the Participant under Section 4.2(b)).
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(c) Target Bonus Severance. The Company shall pay to the Participant an amount equal to the Participant’s Target Bonus Severance (as set forth on Exhibit B), in a lump-sum cash payment on the later of the 60th day following the Date of Termination and the date of the Change in Control.
(d) Equity Award Treatment. Each outstanding Equity Award which is held by the Participant as of the Date of Termination shall be treated in accordance with the terms of the applicable Company equity plan and award agreement governing the Equity Award.
4.4 Release. Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, no Participant shall be eligible or entitled to receive or retain any Severance Benefits under the Plan unless he or she executes a general release of claims in a form prescribed by the Company (the “Release”) within 21 days (or 45 days if necessary to comply with applicable law) after the Date of Termination and, if he or she is entitled to a post-signing revocation period under applicable law, does not revoke such Release during such revocation period.
4.5 Statutory Severance; Non-U.S. Participants. Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, with respect to any Participant that resides outside of the United States and is entitled to receive severance, termination or notice payment or benefits (collectively, “Statutory Severance”) under the laws of his or her country of residence and that becomes entitled to receive Severance Benefits under the Plan, to the extent permitted by applicable law, such Participant’s Severance Benefits under the Plan will be reduced, on a dollar-for-dollar basis by such Participant’s Statutory Severance. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary herein, with respect to any Participant that resides outside of the United States and becomes entitled to COBRA Benefits or a COBRA Payment, Section 4.2(b) or 4.3(b), as applicable, shall be administered and interpreted to apply to any applicable health care benefits of the Participant that are provided, reimbursed or subsidized by the Company, if any (as determined by the Committee in its sole discretion) and, for clarity, if no such health care benefits apply to the Participant, then the Participant shall not be entitled to the COBRA Benefits, a COBRA Payment or any similar payment or benefit pursuant to this Section 4.5 (as applicable) under the Plan.
5. Limitations. Notwithstanding any provision of the Plan to the contrary, if a Participant’s status as an Employee is terminated for any reason other than due to a Qualifying Termination, the Participant shall not be entitled to receive any Severance Benefits under the Plan, and the Company shall not have any obligation to such Participant under the Plan.
6. Section 409A.
6.1 General. To the extent applicable, the Plan shall be interpreted and applied consistent and in accordance with Code Section 409A and Department of Treasury regulations and other interpretive guidance issued thereunder. Notwithstanding any provision of the Plan to the contrary, to the extent that the Administrator determines that any payments or benefits under the Plan may not be either compliant with or exempt from Code Section 409A and related Department of Treasury guidance, the Administrator may in its sole discretion adopt such amendments to the Plan or take such other actions that the Administrator determines are necessary or appropriate to (a) exempt the compensation and benefits payable under the Plan from Code Section 409A and/or preserve the intended tax treatment of such compensation and benefits, or (b) comply with the requirements of Code Section 409A and related Department of Treasury guidance; provided, however, that this Section 6.1 shall not create any obligation on the part of the Administrator to adopt any such amendment or take any other action, nor shall the Company have any liability for failing to do so.
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6.2 Potential Six-Month Delay. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in the Plan, no amounts shall be paid to any Participant under the Plan during the six-month period following such Participant’s “separation from service” (within the meaning of Code Section 409A(a)(2)(A)(i) and Treasury Regulation Section 1.409A-1(h)) to the extent that the Administrator determines that paying such amounts at the time or times indicated in the Plan would result in a prohibited distribution under Code Section 409A(a)(2)(B)(i). If the payment of any such amounts is delayed as a result of the previous sentence, then on the first business day following the end of such six-month period (or such earlier date upon which such amount can be paid under Code Section 409A without resulting in a prohibited distribution, including as a result of the Participant’s death), the Participant shall receive payment of a lump-sum amount equal to the cumulative amount that would have otherwise been payable to the Participant during such six-month period without interest thereon.
6.3 Separation from Service. A termination of employment shall not be deemed to have occurred for purposes of any provision of the Plan providing for the payment of any amounts or benefits that constitute “nonqualified deferred compensation” under Code Section 409A upon or following a termination of employment unless such termination is also a “separation from service” within the meaning of Code Section 409A and, for purposes of any such provision of the Plan, references to a “termination,” “termination of employment” or like terms shall mean “separation from service”.
6.4 Reimbursements. To the extent that any payments or reimbursements provided to a Participant under the Plan are deemed to constitute compensation to the Participant to which Treasury Regulation Section 1.409A-3(i)(1)(iv) would apply, such amounts shall be paid or reimbursed reasonably promptly, but not later than December 31st of the year following the year in which the expense was incurred. The amount of any such payments eligible for reimbursement in one year shall not affect the payments or expenses that are eligible for payment or reimbursement in any other taxable year, and the Participant’s right to such payments or reimbursement of any such expenses shall not be subject to liquidation or exchange for any other benefit.
6.5 Installments. For purposes of applying the provisions of Code Section 409A to the Plan, each separately identified amount to which a Participant is entitled under the Plan shall be treated as a separate payment. In addition, to the extent permissible under Code Section 409A, the right to receive any installment payments under the Plan shall be treated as a right to receive a series of separate payments and, accordingly, each such installment payment shall at all times be considered a separate and distinct payment as permitted under Treasury Regulation Section 1.409A-2(b)(2)(iii). Whenever a payment under the Plan specifies a payment period with reference to a number of days, the actual date of payment within the specified period shall be within the sole discretion of the Company.
7. Limitation on Payments.
7.1 Best Pay Cap. Notwithstanding any other provision of the Plan, in the event that any payment or benefit received or to be received by a Participant (whether pursuant to the terms of the Plan or any other plan, arrangement or agreement) (all such payments and benefits, including the Severance Benefits, being hereinafter referred to as the “Total Payments”) would be subject (in whole or part), to the excise tax imposed under Code Section 4999 (the “Excise Tax”), then, after taking into account any reduction in the Total Payments provided by reason of Code Section 280G in any other plan, arrangement or agreement, the Cash Severance benefits under the Plan shall first be reduced, and any non-cash Severance Benefits hereunder shall thereafter be reduced, to the extent necessary so that no portion of the Total Payments is subject to the Excise Tax but only if (a) the net amount of such Total Payments, as so reduced (and after subtracting the net amount of federal, state and local income taxes on such reduced Total Payments and after taking into account the phase out of itemized deductions and personal exemptions attributable to such reduced Total Payments) is greater than or equal to (b) the net amount of such Total Payments without such reduction (but after subtracting the net amount of federal, state and local income taxes on such Total Payments and the amount of Excise Tax to which the Participant would be subject in respect of such unreduced Total Payments and after taking into account the phase out of itemized deductions and personal exemptions attributable to such unreduced Total Payments).
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7.2 Certain Exclusions. For purposes of determining whether and the extent to which the Total Payments will be subject to the Excise Tax, (a) no portion of the Total Payments, the receipt or retention of which the Participant has waived at such time and in such manner so as not to constitute a “payment” within the meaning of Code Section 280G(b), will be taken into account; (b) no portion of the Total Payments will be taken into account which, in the written opinion of an independent, nationally recognized accounting firm (the “Independent Advisors”) selected by the Company, does not constitute a “parachute payment” within the meaning of Code Section 280G(b)(2) (including by reason of Code Section 280G(b)(4)(A)) and, in calculating the Excise Tax, no portion of such Total Payments will be taken into account which, in the opinion of Independent Advisors, constitutes reasonable compensation for services actually rendered, within the meaning of Code Section 280G(b)(4)(B), in excess of the “base amount” (as defined in Code Section 280G(b)(3)) allocable to such reasonable compensation; and (c) the value of any non-cash benefit or any deferred payment or benefit included in the Total Payments shall be determined by the Independent Advisors in accordance with the principles of Code Sections 280G(d)(3) and (4).
8. No Mitigation. No Participant shall be required to seek other employment or attempt in any way to reduce or mitigate any Severance Benefits payable under the Plan and the amount of any such Severance Benefits shall not be reduced by any other compensation paid or provided to any Participant following such Participant’s termination of service.
9. Successors.
9.1 Company Successors. The Plan shall inure to the benefit of and shall be binding upon the Company and its successors and assigns. Any successor (whether direct or indirect and whether by purchase, lease, merger, consolidation, liquidation or otherwise) to all or substantially all of the Company’s business and/or assets shall assume and agree to perform the obligations of the Company under the Plan.
9.2 Participant Successors. The Plan shall inure to the benefit of and be enforceable by each Participant’s personal or legal representatives, executors, administrators, successors, heirs, distributees, devisees, legatees or other beneficiaries. If a Participant dies while any amount remains payable to such Participant hereunder, all such amounts shall be paid in accordance with the terms of the Plan to the executors, personal representatives or administrators of such Participant’s estate.
10. Notices. All communications relating to matters arising under the Plan shall be in writing and shall be deemed to have been duly given when hand delivered, faxed, emailed or mailed by reputable overnight carrier or United States certified mail, return receipt requested, addressed, if to a Participant, to the address on file with the Company or to such other address as the Participant may have furnished to the other in writing in accordance herewith and, if to the Company, to such address as may be specified from time to time by the Administrator, except that notice of change of address shall be effective only upon actual receipt.
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11. Claims Procedure; Arbitration.
11.1 Claims. Generally, Participants are not required to present a formal claim in order to receive benefits under the Plan. If, however, any person (the “Claimant”) believes that benefits are being denied improperly, that the Plan is not being operated properly, that fiduciaries of the Plan have breached their duties, or that the Claimant’s legal rights are being violated with respect to the Plan, the Claimant must file a formal claim, in writing, with the Administrator. This requirement applies to all claims that any Claimant has with respect to the Plan, including claims against fiduciaries and former fiduciaries, except to the extent the Administrator determines, in its sole discretion that it does not have the power to grant all relief reasonably being sought by the Claimant. A formal claim must be filed within 90 days after the date the Claimant first knew or should have known of the facts on which the claim is based, unless the Administrator consents otherwise in writing. The Administrator shall provide a Claimant, on request, with a copy of the claims procedures established under Section 11.2 hereof.
11.2 Claims Procedure. The Administrator has adopted procedures for considering claims (which are set forth in Exhibit C attached hereto), which it may amend or modify from time to time, as it sees fit. These procedures shall comply with all applicable legal requirements. These procedures may provide that final and binding arbitration shall be the ultimate means of contesting a denied claim (even if the Administrator or its delegates have failed to follow the prescribed procedures with respect to the claim). The right to receive benefits under the Plan is contingent on a Claimant using the prescribed claims and arbitration procedures to resolve any claim.
12. Covenants.
12.1 Restrictive Covenants. A Participant’s right to receive and/or retain the Severance Benefits payable under this Plan is conditioned upon and subject to the Participant’s continued compliance with any restrictive covenants (e.g., confidentiality, non-solicitation, non-competition, non-disparagement) contained in any other written agreement between the Participant and the Company, as in effect on the date of the Participant’s Qualifying Termination.
12.2 Return of Property. A Participant’s right to receive and/or retain the Severance Benefits payable under the Plan is conditioned upon the Participant’s return to the Company of all Company documents (and all copies thereof) and other Company property (in each case, whether physical, electronic or otherwise) in the Participant’s possession or control.
13. Miscellaneous.
13.1 Entire Plan; Relation to Other Agreements. The Plan, together with any Participation Notice issued in connection with the Plan, contains the entire understanding of the parties relating to the subject matter hereof and supersedes any prior agreement, arrangement and understanding between any Participant, on the one hand, and the Company and/or any Subsidiary, on the other hand, with respect to the subject matter hereof. Severance Benefits payable under the Plan are not intended to duplicate any other severance benefits payable to a Participant by the Company. By participating in the Plan and accepting the Severance Benefits hereunder, the Participant acknowledges and agrees that any prior agreement, arrangement and understanding between any Participant, on the one hand, and the Company and/or any Subsidiary, on the other hand, with respect to the subject matter hereof is hereby revoked and ineffective with respect to the Participant.
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13.2 Participation Notices. The Administrator shall have the authority, in its sole discretion, to select Employees to participate in the Plan and to provide written notice to any such Employee that he or she is a Participant in, and eligible to receive Severance Benefits under, the Plan (a “Participation Notice”) at or any time prior to his or her termination of employment.
13.3 No Right to Continued Service. Nothing contained in the Plan shall (a) confer upon any Participant any right to continue as an employee of the Company or any Subsidiary, (b) constitute any contract of employment or agreement to continue employment for any particular period, or (c) interfere in any way with the right of the Company to terminate a service relationship with any Participant, with or without Cause.
13.4 Termination and Amendment of Plan. Prior to the consummation of a Change in Control, the Plan may be amended or terminated by the Administrator at any time and from time to time, in its sole discretion. For a period of twelve (12) months from and after the consummation of a Change in Control, the Plan may not be amended, modified, suspended or terminated except with the express written consent of each Participant who would be adversely affected by any such amendment, modification, suspension or termination. After the expiration of such twelve (12)-month period, and subject to Section 2 hereof, the Plan may again be amended or terminated by the Administrator at any time and from time to time, in its sole discretion (provided, that no such amendment or termination shall adversely affect the rights of any Participant who has experienced a Qualifying Termination on or prior to such amendment or termination).
13.5 Survival. Section 7 (Limitation on Payments), Section 11 (Claims Procedure; Arbitration) and Section 12 (Covenants) hereof shall survive the termination or expiration of the Plan and shall continue in effect.
13.6 Severance Benefit Obligations. Notwithstanding anything contained herein, Severance Benefits paid or provided under the Plan may be paid or provided by the Company or any Subsidiary employer, as applicable.
13.7 Withholding. The Company shall have the authority and the right to deduct and withhold an amount sufficient to satisfy federal, state, local and foreign taxes required by law to be withheld with respect to any Severance Benefits payable under the Plan.
13.8 Benefits Not Assignable. Except as otherwise provided herein or by law, no right or interest of any Participant under the Plan shall be assignable or transferable, in whole or in part, either directly or by operation of law or otherwise, including without limitation by execution, levy, garnishment, attachment, pledge or in any manner; no attempted assignment or transfer thereof shall be effective; and no right or interest of any Participant under the Plan shall be liable for, or subject to, any obligation or liability of such Participant. When a payment is due under the Plan to a Participant who is unable to care for his or her affairs, payment may be made directly to his or her legal guardian or personal representative.
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13.9 Applicable Law. The Plan is intended to be an unfunded “top hat” pension plan within the meaning of U.S. Department of Labor Regulation Section 2520.104-23 and shall be interpreted, administered, and enforced as such in accordance with ERISA. To the extent that state law is applicable, the statutes and common law of the State of Delaware, excluding any that mandate the use of another jurisdiction’s laws, will apply.
13.10 Validity. The invalidity or unenforceability of any provision of the Plan shall not affect the validity or enforceability of any other provision of the Plan, which shall remain in full force and effect.
13.11 Captions. The captions contained in the Plan are for convenience only and shall have no bearing on the meaning, construction or interpretation of the Plan’s provisions.
13.12 Expenses. The expenses of administering the Plan shall be borne by the Company or its successor, as applicable.
13.13 Unfunded Plan. The Plan shall be maintained in a manner to be considered “unfunded” for purposes of ERISA. The Company shall be required to make payments only as benefits become due and payable. No person shall have any right, other than the right of an unsecured general creditor against the Company, with respect to the benefits payable hereunder, or which may be payable hereunder, to any Participant, surviving spouse or beneficiary hereunder. If the Company, acting in its sole discretion, establishes a reserve or other fund associated with the Plan, no person shall have any right to or interest in any specific amount or asset of such reserve or fund by reason of amounts which may be payable to such person under the Plan, nor shall such person have any right to receive any payment under the Plan except as and to the extent expressly provided in the Plan. The assets in any such reserve or fund shall be part of the general assets of the Company, subject to the control of the Company.
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Exhibit A
Calculation of non-Change in control Severance Amounts
Severance Classification |
Cash Salary Severance | Severance Period |
| Tier 1 | 12 months of Base Salary | 12 months |
| Tier 2 | 9 months of Base Salary | 9 months |
| Tier 3 | 6 months of Base Salary | 6 months |
Exh. A-1
Exhibit B
Calculation of Change in control Severance Amounts
Severance Classification |
Cash Severance | COBRA Multiplier |
| Tier 1 | 1. Cash Salary Severance: 18 months of Base Salary 2. Target Bonus Severance: 150% of Target Bonus |
18 months |
| Tier 2 | 1. Cash Salary Severance: 12 months of Base Salary 2. Target Bonus Severance: 100% of Target Bonus |
12 months |
| Tier 3 | 1. Cash Salary Severance: 9 months of Base Salary 2. Target Bonus Severance: 75% of Target Bonus |
9 months |
Exh. B-1
EXHIBIT C
Detailed Claims Procedures
Section 1.1. Claim Procedure. Claims for benefits under the Plan shall be administered in accordance with Section 503 of ERISA and the Department of Labor Regulations thereunder. The Administrator shall have the right to delegate its duties under this Exhibit and all references to the Administrator shall be a reference to any such delegate, as well. The Administrator shall make all determinations as to the rights of any Participant, beneficiary, alternate payee or other person who makes a claim for benefits under the Plan (each, a “Claimant”). A Claimant may authorize a representative to act on his or her behalf with respect to any claim under the Plan. A Claimant who asserts a right to any benefit under the Plan he has not received, in whole or in part, must file a written claim with the Administrator. All written claims shall be submitted to Chad MacDonald, Chief Legal Officer at chadmacdonald@mt.energy.
(a) Regular Claims Procedure. The claims procedure in this subsection (a) shall apply to all claims for Plan benefits.
(1) Timing of Denial. If the Administrator denies a claim in whole or in part (an “adverse benefit determination”), then the Administrator will provide notice of the decision to the Claimant within a reasonable period of time, not to exceed 90 days after the Administrator receives the claim, unless the Administrator determines that any extension of time for processing is required. In the event that the Administrator determines that such an extension is required, written notice of the extension will be furnished to the Claimant before the end of the initial 90 day review period. The extension will not exceed a period of 90 days from the end of the initial 90 day period, and the extension notice will indicate the special circumstances requiring such extension of time and the date by which the Administrator expects to render the benefit decision.
(2) Denial Notice. The Administrator shall provide every Claimant who is denied a claim for benefits with a written or electronic notice of its decision. The notice will set forth, in a manner to be understood by the Claimant:
| i. | the specific reason or reasons for the adverse benefit determination; |
| ii. | reference to the specific Plan provisions on which the determination is based; |
| iii. | a description of any additional material or information necessary for the Claimant to perfect the claim and an explanation as to why such information is necessary; and |
| iv. | an explanation of the Plan’s appeal procedure and the time limits applicable to such procedures, including a statement of the Claimant’s right to bring an action under Section 502(a) of ERISA after receiving a final adverse benefit determination upon appeal. |
(3) Appeal of Denial. The Claimant may appeal an initial adverse benefit determination by submitting a written appeal to the Administrator within 60 days of receiving notice of the denial of the claim. The Claimant:
| i. | may submit written comments, documents, records and other information relating to the claim for benefits; |
| ii. | will be provided, upon request and without charge, reasonable access to and copies of all documents, records and other information relevant to the Claimant’s claim for benefits; and |
| iii. | will receive a review that takes into account all comments, documents, records and other information submitted by the Claimant relating to the appeal, without regard to whether such information was submitted or considered in the initial benefit determination. |
Exh. C-1
(4) Decision on Appeal. The Administrator will conduct a full and fair review of the claim and the initial adverse benefit determination. The Administrator holds regularly scheduled meetings at least quarterly. The Administrator shall make a benefit determination no later than the date of the regularly scheduled meeting that immediately follows the Plan’s receipt of an appeal request, unless the appeal request is filed within 30 days preceding the date of such meeting. In such case, a benefit determination may be made by no later than the date of the second regularly scheduled meeting following the Plan’s receipt of the appeal request. If special circumstances require a further extension of time for processing, a benefit determination shall be rendered no later than the third regularly scheduled meeting of the Administrator following the Plan’s receipt of the appeal request. If such an extension of time for review is required, the Administrator shall provide the Claimant with written notice of the extension, describing the special circumstances and the date as of which the benefit determination will be made, prior to the commencement of the extension. The Administrator generally cannot extend the review period any further unless the Claimant voluntarily agrees to a longer extension. The Administrator shall notify the Claimant of the benefit determination as soon as possible but not later than five days after it has been made.
(5) Notice of Determination on Appeal. The Administrator shall provide the Claimant with written or electronic notification of its benefit determination on review. In the case of an adverse benefit determination, the notice shall set forth, in a manner intended to be understood by the Claimant:
| i. | the specific reason or reasons for the adverse benefit determination; |
| ii. | reference to the specific Plan provisions on which the adverse benefit determination is based; |
| iii. | a statement that the Claimant is entitled to receive, upon request and without charge, reasonable access to, and copies of, all documents, records and other information relevant to the claim for benefits; |
| iv. | a statement describing any voluntary appeal procedures offered by the Plan and the Claimant’s right to obtain the information about such procedures; and |
| v. | a statement of the Claimant’s right to bring an action under Section 502(a) of ERISA. |
(c) Exhaustion; Judicial Proceedings. No action at law or in equity shall be brought to recover benefits under the Plan until the claim and appeal rights described in the Plan have been exercised and the Plan benefits requested in such appeal have been denied in whole or in part. If any judicial proceeding is undertaken to appeal the denial of a claim or bring any other action under ERISA other than a breach of fiduciary claim, the evidence presented may be strictly limited to the evidence timely presented to the Administrator. Any such judicial proceeding must be filed by the earlier of: (a) one year after the Administrator’s final decision regarding the claim appeal or (b) one year after the Participant or other Claimant commenced payment of the Plan benefits at issue in the judicial proceeding.
(d) Administrator’s Decision is Binding. Benefits under the Plan shall be paid only if the Administrator decides in its sole discretion that a Claimant is entitled to them. In determining claims for benefits, the Administrator has the authority to interpret the Plan, to resolve ambiguities, to make factual determinations, and to resolve questions relating to eligibility for and amount of benefits. Subject to applicable law, any decision made in accordance with the above claims procedures is final and binding on all parties and shall be given the maximum possible deference allowed by law. A misstatement or other mistake of fact shall be corrected when it becomes known and the Administrator shall make such adjustment on account thereof as it considers equitable and practicable.
Exh. C-2
Exhibit 10.11
EXECUTION VERSION
JOINT VENTURE FORMATION
FRAMEWORK AGREEMENT
BY AND AMONG
Montana Technologies llc,
GE VENTURES LLC
and
GE VERNOVA LLC
(solely for the purposes set forth herein)
TABLE OF CONTENTS
| Page | |
| ARTICLE I | |
| Definitions | |
| SECTION 1.01. Definitions | 1 |
| ARTICLE II | |
| Closing | |
| SECTION 2.01. Closing Date | 6 |
| SECTION 2.02. Transactions to be Effected at the Closing | 6 |
| ARTICLE III | |
| Representations and Warranties of GE Vernova | |
| SECTION 3.01. Organization, Standing and Corporate Power | 7 |
| SECTION 3.02. Authority; Noncontravention | 7 |
| SECTION 3.03. Legal Proceedings | 8 |
| SECTION 3.04. Intellectual Property | 8 |
| SECTION 3.05. Taxes | 8 |
| SECTION 3.06. Broker’s Fees | 9 |
| SECTION 3.07. No Other Representations or Warranties | 9 |
| ARTICLE IV | |
| Representations and Warranties of MT | |
| SECTION 4.01. Organization, Standing and Corporate Power | 9 |
| SECTION 4.02. Authority; Noncontravention | 9 |
| SECTION 4.03. Legal Proceedings | 10 |
| SECTION 4.04. Intellectual Property | 10 |
| SECTION 4.05. Taxes | 10 |
| SECTION 4.06. Broker’s Fees | 10 |
| SECTION 4.07. No Other Representations or Warranties | 11 |
| ARTICLE V | |
| Representations and Warranties of MT Regarding the Company | |
| SECTION 5.01. Organization, Standing and Corporate Power | 11 |
| SECTION 5.02. Authority; Noncontravention | 12 |
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| ARTICLE VI | |
| Covenants Relating to Conduct of Business | |
| SECTION 6.01. Conduct of Business | 13 |
| SECTION 6.02. Conduct of the Company | 13 |
| SECTION 6.03. Commercially Reasonable Efforts | 14 |
| SECTION 6.04. Notice of Certain Events | 14 |
| SECTION 6.05. Access to Information | 14 |
| SECTION 6.06. Public Announcements | 14 |
| ARTICLE VII | |
| Tax Matters | |
| SECTION 7.01. Transfer Taxes | 15 |
| SECTION 7.02. Tax Forms | 15 |
| SECTION 7.03. Intended Tax Treatment | 15 |
| ARTICLE VIII | |
| Conditions to Closing | |
| SECTION 8.01. Conditions to Each Party’s Obligations for the Closing | 15 |
| SECTION 8.02. Conditions to Obligations of MT for the Closing | 16 |
| SECTION 8.03. Conditions to Obligations of GE Vernova for the Closing | 16 |
| ARTICLE IX | |
| Indemnification | |
| SECTION 9.01. Indemnification | 17 |
| ARTICLE X | |
| Termination | |
| SECTION 10.01. Termination | 17 |
| SECTION 10.02. Effect of Termination | 18 |
| SECTION 10.03. Fees and Expenses | 18 |
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| ARTICLE XI | |
| Guarantee | |
| SECTION 11.01. GE Vernova Parent Guarantee | 18 |
| ARTICLE XII | |
| Miscellaneous | |
| SECTION 12.01. Survival of Representations and Warranties | 19 |
| SECTION 12.02. Notices | 20 |
| SECTION 12.03. Terms Generally; Interpretation | 21 |
| SECTION 12.04. Counterparts | 22 |
| SECTION 12.05. Entire Agreement; No Third-Party Beneficiaries | 22 |
| SECTION 12.06. Assignment | 22 |
| SECTION 12.07. Severability | 22 |
| SECTION 12.08. Failure or Indulgence Not Waiver; Remedies Cumulative | 22 |
| SECTION 12.09. GOVERNING LAW | 23 |
| SECTION 12.10. JURISDICTION AND VENUE | 23 |
| SECTION 12.11. WAIVER OF JURY TRIAL | 23 |
| SECTION 12.12. Specific Performance | 23 |
| SECTION 12.13. Amendments | 23 |
EXHIBITS
| Exhibit A | A&R LLC Agreement |
| Exhibit B | Intellectual Property Agreement |
| Exhibit C | Master Services Agreements |
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JOINT VENTURE FORMATION FRAMEWORK AGREEMENT (this “Agreement”) dated as of January 25, 2024, by and among MONTANA TECHNOLOGIES LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“MT”), GE VENTURES LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“GE Vernova”) (each, a “Party” and together, the “Parties”), and, solely for the purposes specified herein, GE VERNOVA LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“GE Vernova Parent”).
WHEREAS the Parties desire to jointly establish a Delaware limited liability company (the “Company”);
WHEREAS, on January 5, 2024, the Certificate of Formation of the Company was filed with the Office of the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware by an authorized person in accordance with the Delaware Liability Company Act, 6 Del. C §§18-101, et seq.;
WHEREAS, MT, as the sole initial member of the Company, entered into the Original LLC Agreement;
WHEREAS, on the Closing Date, subject to the terms and conditions set forth herein, the Original LLC Agreement will be amended and restated in the form of the A&R LLC Agreement; and
WHEREAS, in furtherance of the foregoing, subject to the terms and conditions set forth herein, among other things, at the Closing and pursuant to the A&R LLC Agreement, (a) MT (i) will enter into the Intellectual Property Agreement with GE Vernova Parent and the Company and (ii) will make the MT Closing Date Capital Contribution and agree to make the additional capital contributions in accordance with the A&R LLC Agreement in connection with the issuance by the Company of Class A Interests to MT, and (b) (i) GE Vernova Parent will enter into the Intellectual Property Agreement with MT and the Company and (ii) GE Vernova will make the GE Closing Date Capital Contribution in connection with the issuance by the Company of Class B Interests to GE Vernova.
NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the foregoing and the respective representations, warranties, covenants and agreements set forth herein, and subject to the conditions set forth herein, the Parties and GE Vernova Parent agree as follows:
ARTICLE I
Definitions
SECTION 1.01. Definitions. The following terms shall have the following meanings and, unless stated otherwise, all references to “Exhibit”, “Section” or “Schedule” herein shall be to such Exhibit, Section or Schedule to this Agreement:
“A&R LLC Agreement” means the amended and restated limited liability company operating agreement of the Company, substantially in the form attached hereto as Exhibit A, to be entered into at Closing by and among GE Vernova, MT and the Company.
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“Affiliate” has the meaning ascribed to such term in the A&R LLC Agreement.
“Agreement” has the meaning set forth in the Preamble.
“Applicable Regions” has the meaning ascribed to such term in the A&R LLC Agreement.
“Battelle” means Battelle Memorial Institute, an Ohio non-profit corporation.
“Battelle License Agreement” means that certain amended and restated license agreement number 530271 by and between Battelle and MT, dated as of October 14, 2021.
“Battelle License Amendment” means the amendment to the Battelle License Agreement, to be entered into at Closing by and among MT and Battelle, adding the Company as a Named Affiliate (as defined therein) with respect to the Applicable Regions in form and substance reasonably acceptable to GE Vernova.
“Business Day” means any day other than a Saturday, Sunday or day on which commercial banks in New York, New York are authorized or required by Law to close.
“Certificate of Formation” means the Certificate of Formation of the Company filed on January 5, 2024, and any and all amendments thereto and restatements thereof filed on behalf of the Company with the office of the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware pursuant to the Delaware Act.
“Class A Interests” has the meaning ascribed to such term in the A&R LLC Agreement.
“Class B Interests” has the meaning ascribed to such term in the A&R LLC Agreement.
“Closing” has the meaning set forth in Section 2.01.
“Closing Date” has the meaning set forth in Section 2.01.
“Code” means the U.S. Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended.
“Company” has the meaning set forth in the Recitals.
“Company Interests” has the meaning set forth in Section 5.01(b).
“Confidentiality Agreement” means the non-disclosure agreement dated October 17, 2022, by and between General Electric Company, including its subsidiaries and affiliates, acting through GE Research, and MT.
“Contract” means any contract, license, sublicense, undertaking or other legally binding agreement or instrument, whether written or oral.
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“Encumbrances” means any license, obligation to license, covenant or obligation to forebear from suit, charge, claim, equitable interest, lien, lien for taxes, option, pledge, hypothecation, security interest, title retention, right of first refusal or negotiation, adverse claim or restriction of any kind (including any restriction on transfer or other assignment, as security or otherwise) of or relating to use, transfer, receipt of income or exercise of any other attribute of ownership, or any agreement to create any of the foregoing.
“Enforceability Exceptions” means (a) applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium or similar Laws now or hereafter in effect relating to rights of creditors generally and (b) rules of law and equity governing specific performance, injunctive relief and other equitable remedies.
“Equity Financing” means one or more equity financings obtained by MT, the proceeds of which will in part be used to make the MT Closing Date Capital Contribution and any additional capital contributions to be made by MT in accordance with the A&R LLC Agreement.
“Exchange Act” means the United States Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
“GE Closing Date Capital Contribution” has the meaning ascribed to such term in the A&R LLC Agreement.
“GE Group” means GE Vernova Parent and its Subsidiaries.
“GE IP Assets” means all Intellectual Property licensed or purported to be licensed by GE Vernova Parent, on behalf of itself and each of its applicable Subsidiaries, to the Company under the Intellectual Property Agreement.
“GE IP License” means the licenses granted by GE Vernova Parent, on behalf of itself and each of its applicable Subsidiaries, pursuant to the Intellectual Property Agreement.
“GE Vernova” has the meaning set forth in the Preamble.
“GE Vernova Parent” has the meaning set forth in the Preamble.
“Governmental Entity” means any government, court, tribunal, arbitrator, administrative agency, commission or other governmental official, authority or instrumentality, in each case whether domestic or foreign, any stock exchange or similar self-regulatory organization or any quasi-governmental or private body exercising any regulatory, taxing or other governmental or quasi-governmental authority.
“Guarantee” has the meaning set forth in Section 11.01(a).
“Guaranteed Obligations” has the meaning set forth in Section 11.01(a).
“Indemnified Persons” has the meaning set forth in Section 9.01.
“Intellectual Property” has the meaning set forth in the Intellectual Property Agreement.
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“Intellectual Property Agreement” means the Intellectual Property Agreement, to be entered into at Closing by and among MT, GE Vernova Parent and the Company, substantially in the form of Exhibit C hereto.
“Intended Tax Treatment” has the meaning set forth in Section 7.03.
“IP Assets” means the GE IP Assets and the MT IP Assets.
“Knowledge” means (a) with respect to GE Vernova, with respect to any matter in question, the actual knowledge of the Carbon Capture Leader designated by GE Vernova as of the applicable time of determination and (b) with respect to MT, with respect to any matter in question, the actual knowledge of Matt Jore.
“Laws” means all multinational, federal, national, state, provincial, municipal and local laws (including common and civil law), treaties, statutes, acts, codes, ordinances, directives, resolutions (ministerial or other), by-laws, rules, regulations, implementing rules or regulations or other requirements enacted, adopted, promulgated, applied or interpreted by any Governmental Entity, in each case, having the force of law.
“Liabilities” means liabilities, debts, claims, demands, expenses, commitments and obligations, whether known or unknown, contingent or absolute, of every kind and description.
“Losses” has the meaning set forth in Section 9.01.
“Master Services Agreements” means, collectively, (a) the Master Services Agreement, including the initial statement of work attached thereto, to be entered into at Closing by and between MT and the Company and (b) the Master Services Agreement, including the initial statement of work attached thereto, to be entered into at Closing by and between GE Vernova and the Company, in each case, substantially in the form of Exhibit C hereto.
“MT” has the meaning set forth in the Preamble.
“MT Closing Date Capital Contribution” has the meaning ascribed to such term in the A&R LLC Agreement.
“MT IP Assets” means all Intellectual Property licensed by MT to the Company under the Intellectual Property Agreement.
“MT IP License” means the licenses granted by MT pursuant to the Intellectual Property Agreement.
“MT Parent” has the meaning ascribed to such term in the A&R LLC Agreement.
“Order” means any injunction, judgment, decision, consent decree, compliance order, subpoena, verdict, ruling, award, arbitral award, assessment, direction, instruction, penalty, sanction, writ, decree or other order entered, issued, made, rendered or imposed by any Governmental Entity.
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“Original LLC Agreement” means the limited liability company agreement of the Company, effective as of January 5, 2024.
“Parties” and “Party” have the meanings set forth in the Preamble.
“Permit” means any permit, license, approval, consent or authorization issued by a Governmental Entity.
“Person” means any individual, firm, corporation, partnership, limited liability company, trust, joint venture, Governmental Entity or other entity, and shall include any successor (by merger or otherwise) of such entity.
“Pre-Closing Period” has the meaning set forth in Section 6.01(a).
“Proceeding” means any demand, suit, litigation, arbitration, claim (including any cross-claim or counter-claim), action, investigation or other proceeding (including any civil, criminal, administrative, judicial, investigative or appellate proceeding).
“Representatives” means, with respect to any Person, the directors, officers, employees, consultants, accountants, legal counsel, investment bankers or other financial advisors, agents and other representatives of such Person.
“Restraints” has the meaning set forth in Section 8.01(a).
“Securities Act” means the United States Securities Act of 1933.
“Subsidiary” of any Person means a corporation, partnership, limited liability company, trust, joint venture or other entity (i) more than 50% of whose outstanding shares or securities (representing the right to vote for the election of directors or other managing authority of such Person) are or (ii) which does not have outstanding shares or securities (as may be the case in a partnership, limited liability company, joint venture or unincorporated association), but more than 50% of whose ownership interest representing the right to make decisions for such entity is, in the case of clause (i) or (ii), now or hereafter owned or controlled, directly or indirectly, by such Person (either alone or through or together with any other Subsidiary of such Person).
“Tax” or “Taxes” means all taxes, imposts, duties, customs, withholdings (including withholdings for social charges), charges, fees, levies or other assessments imposed by any Taxing Authority, whether domestic or foreign (including income, excise, property, sales, use, transfer, conveyance, payroll or other employment-related tax, license, registration, ad valorem, value added, withholding, social charges, social security, national insurance (or other similar contributions or payments), franchise, estimated severance, stamp taxes, windfall profit, production, alternative or add-on minimum taxes, taxes based upon or measured by capital stock, net worth or gross receipts and other taxes), in each case in the nature of a tax, together with all interest, fines, penalties and additions attributable to or imposed with respect to such amounts.
“Taxing Authority” means any federal, state or local, domestic or foreign Governmental Entity exercising regulatory authority in respect of taxes.
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“Termination Date” has the meaning set forth in Section 10.01(b).
“Transaction Agreements” means this Agreement, the Intellectual Property Agreement, the A&R LLC Agreement and the Master Services Agreements.
“Transactions” means the transactions contemplated by this Agreement, including the formation and operation of the Company.
“Transfer Taxes” means all sales (including bulk sales), use, transfer, real estate transfer, recording, ad valorem, privilege, documentary, gross receipts, registration, conveyance, excise, license, stamp or similar Taxes and fees arising out of, in connection with or attributable to the Transaction.
ARTICLE II
Closing
SECTION 2.01. Closing Date. The closing (the “Closing”) will take place via electronic (including pdf, DocuSign or otherwise) exchange of documents at 10:00 a.m. (New York City time) on the third Business Day following the satisfaction (or, to the extent permitted by applicable Law, waiver by the Party entitled to the benefits thereof) of the conditions set forth in Article VIII, or at such other place, time and date as shall be agreed in writing between MT and GE Vernova. The date on which the Closing occurs is referred to in this Agreement as the “Closing Date”. The Closing shall be deemed to be effective as of 12:01 a.m., New York City time, on the Closing Date.
SECTION 2.02. Transactions to be Effected at the Closing. At the Closing:
(a) Company Closing Deliverables. MT shall cause the Company to deliver to each of GE Vernova and MT, (i) a counterpart of the A&R LLC Agreement, duly executed by the Company, (ii) counterparts of the Master Services Agreements, duly executed by the Company, (iii) a valid, true and properly executed Internal Revenue Service Form W-9 (or any applicable successor form) from the Company, dated as of the Closing Date and (iv) a counterpart of the Intellectual Property Agreement, duly executed by the Company.
(b) GE Closing Deliverables. GE Vernova Parent and GE Vernova, as applicable, shall deliver (or cause their Affiliates to deliver) (i) to each of MT and the Company, (A) a counterpart of the A&R LLC Agreement, duly executed by GE Vernova, (B) a counterpart of the applicable Master Services Agreement, duly executed by GE Vernova Parent, and (C) a valid, true and properly executed Internal Revenue Service Form W-9 (or any applicable successor form) from each of GE Vernova and any Affiliate thereof that is a licensor or, if GE Vernova or any such licensor is a “disregarded entity” for U.S. federal income tax purposes, the regarded parent entity of GE Vernova or such licensor, as applicable, of any GE IP Assets registered in the U.S. to the Company, in each case dated as of the Closing Date, (ii) to the Company, a counterpart of the Intellectual Property Agreement, duly executed by GE Vernova Parent and (iii) to MT, the certificate required to be delivered by GE Vernova and GE Vernova Parent pursuant to Section 8.02(c).
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(c) MT Closing Deliverables. MT shall deliver (i) to each of GE Vernova and the Company, (A) a counterpart of the A&R LLC Agreement, duly executed by MT, (B) a counterpart of the applicable Master Services Agreement, duly executed by MT, and (C) a valid, true and properly executed Internal Revenue Service Form W-9 (or any applicable successor form) from MT, dated as of the Closing Date, and (ii) to the Company, (A) a counterpart of the Intellectual Property Agreement, duly executed by MT, and (B) a duly executed copy of the Battelle License Amendment and (iii) to GE Vernova, the certificate required to be delivered by MT pursuant to Section 8.03(c).
(d) Closing Date Capital Contribution. MT shall make the MT Closing Date Capital Contribution and GE Vernova shall make the GE Closing Date Capital Contribution, in each case by wire transfer to the Company of immediately available funds.
ARTICLE III
Representations and Warranties of GE Vernova
GE Vernova and GE Vernova Parent, as applicable, represent and warrant to MT as of the date of this Agreement and as of the Closing as follows:
SECTION 3.01. Organization, Standing and Corporate Power. GE Vernova (a) is duly organized, validly existing and in good standing under the Laws of the jurisdiction of its organization, (b) has the corporate power to own, lease and operate its assets and to conduct its business as currently conducted, (c) is duly qualified to do business and is in good standing in the jurisdiction of its organization, and (d) is not in violation of any of the provisions of its organizational documents.
SECTION 3.02. Authority; Noncontravention.
(a) GE Vernova has all requisite corporate power and authority to enter into this Agreement and the other Transaction Agreements to which GE Vernova is or will be a party, to perform its obligations hereunder and thereunder and consummate the Transactions. The execution and delivery of this Agreement and the other Transaction Agreements to which GE Vernova is or will be a party, as applicable, and the consummation of the Transactions have been duly authorized and approved by all necessary corporate action on the part of GE Vernova. This Agreement has been and the other Transaction Agreements to which GE Vernova is or will be a party will be as of the Closing duly executed and delivered by GE Vernova and, assuming due authorization, execution and delivery by MT and the Company, as applicable, each constitutes the valid and binding obligation of GE Vernova, enforceable against GE Vernova in accordance with its terms, subject to the effect of any Enforceability Exceptions.
(b) The execution and delivery by GE Vernova of this Agreement and the other Transaction Agreements to which GE Vernova is or will be a party do not, and the consummation of the Transactions will not, (i) result in the creation of an Encumbrance on any assets of GE Vernova, other than pursuant to the A&R LLC Agreement, or (ii) conflict with, or result in any violation of, breach of, or default under (with or without notice or lapse of time, or both), or give rise to a right of termination, cancellation, renegotiation or acceleration of any obligation or loss of any benefit under, or require any consent, approval or waiver from any Person in accordance with, (A) any provision of the organizational documents of GE Vernova, or (B) any Permit, Law or Order applicable to GE Vernova or any of its properties or assets. No consent, approval, order or authorization of, or registration, declaration, notice or filing with, any Governmental Entity is required by or with respect to GE Vernova in connection with the execution and delivery of this Agreement or the other Transaction Agreements to which GE Vernova is or will be a party, any additional Contracts contemplated hereby or thereby or the consummation of the Transactions, except for compliance with any applicable requirements of the Securities Act, the Exchange Act, state securities and “blue sky” Laws.
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(c) The execution and delivery by GE Vernova of this Agreement and the other Transaction Agreements to which GE Vernova is or will be a party and the consummation of the Transactions will not conflict with, or result in any violation of, breach of, or default under (with or without notice or lapse of time, or both), or give rise to a right of termination, cancellation, renegotiation, payment of additional amounts or acceleration of any obligation or loss of any benefit under, or require any consent, approval or waiver from any Person in accordance with any Contract to which GE Vernova is a party.
SECTION 3.03. Legal Proceedings. There are no Proceedings pending or, to the Knowledge of GE Vernova, threatened against GE Vernova or any of its Affiliates or before any Governmental Entity (a) seeking to prevent or delay the Closing or (b) with the exception of prosecution and registration before a Governmental Entity, relating to the GE IP Assets.
SECTION 3.04. Intellectual Property.
(a) (i) GE Vernova Parent, individually or collectively with its wholly owned Subsidiaries, exclusively owns all right, title and interest in and to the GE IP Assets listed on Schedule B of the Intellectual Property Agreement, in each case free and clear of all Encumbrances other than non-exclusive licenses granted in the ordinary course of business, and except as indicated on such Schedule B, (ii) the consummation of the Transactions will not adversely affect such rights and (iii) GE Vernova Parent, and each of its applicable Subsidiaries, is in material compliance with the terms of any funding or use of facilities or personnel of any Governmental Entity used in the development of any GE IP Asset.
(b) GE Vernova Parent, and each of its applicable Affiliates, has taken commercially reasonable steps to protect its right, title and interest in and to all trade secrets contained in the GE IP Assets, including the execution of appropriate confidentiality agreements with third parties or employees of GE Vernova Parent or its applicable Affiliate, as applicable, who have been granted access to such trade secrets.
SECTION 3.05. Taxes. Except for liens for Taxes not yet due and payable or that are being contested in good faith in appropriate proceedings and for which adequate reserves have been established in accordance with GAAP, (i) there are no liens for Taxes on any of the GE IP Assets and (ii) no claim has been made by any Taxing Authority that could give rise to any such lien.
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SECTION 3.06. Broker’s Fees. No broker, investment banker, financial advisor or other Person is entitled to any broker’s, finder’s, financial advisor’s or other similar fee or commission in connection with the Transactions based upon arrangements made by or on behalf of GE Vernova or any of its Affiliates.
SECTION 3.07. No Other Representations or Warranties. GE Vernova acknowledges that it is relying on its own investigation and examination of the Transactions, including the MT IP License. GE Vernova specifically disclaims that it is relying upon or has relied upon any express or implied representations or warranties made by MT, any Affiliates of MT, any of their respective Representatives or any other Person on behalf of MT in connection with the Transactions except for the representations and warranties contained in Article IV, Article V or certificates delivered at Closing and such representations and warranties contained in the other Transaction Agreements.
ARTICLE IV
Representations and Warranties of MT
MT represents and warrants to GE Vernova as of the date of this Agreement and as of the Closing, as follows:
SECTION 4.01. Organization, Standing and Corporate Power. MT (a) is duly organized, validly existing and in good standing under the Laws of the jurisdiction of its organization, (b) has the corporate power to own, lease and operate its assets and to conduct its business as currently conducted, (c) is duly qualified to do business and is in good standing in the jurisdiction of its organization, and (d) is not in violation of any of the provisions of its organizational documents.
SECTION 4.02. Authority; Noncontravention.
(a) MT has all requisite corporate power and authority to enter into this Agreement and the other Transaction Agreements to which MT is or will be a party, to perform its obligations hereunder and thereunder and consummate the Transactions. The execution and delivery of this Agreement and the other Transaction Agreements to which MT is or will be a party, as applicable, and the consummation of the Transactions have been duly authorized and approved by all necessary corporate action on the part of MT. This Agreement has been and the other Transaction Agreements to which MT is or will be a party will be as of the Closing duly executed and delivered by MT and, assuming due authorization, execution and delivery by GE Vernova and the Company, as applicable, each constitutes the valid and binding obligation of MT, enforceable against MT in accordance with its terms, subject to the effect of any Enforceability Exceptions.
(b) The execution and delivery by MT of this Agreement and the other Transaction Agreements to which MT is or will be a party do not, and the consummation of the Transactions will not, (i) result in the creation of an Encumbrance on any assets of MT, other than pursuant to the Intellectual Property Agreement, or (ii) conflict with, or result in any violation of, breach of, or default under (with or without notice or lapse of time, or both), or give rise to a right of termination, cancellation, renegotiation or acceleration of any obligation or loss of any benefit under, or require any consent, approval or waiver from any Person (other than the Battelle License Amendment) in accordance with, (A) any provision of the organizational documents of MT, or (B) any Permit, Law or Order applicable to MT or any of its properties or assets. No consent, approval, order or authorization of, or registration, declaration or filing with any Governmental Entity is required by or with respect to MT in connection with the execution and delivery of this Agreement or the other Transaction Agreements to which MT is or will be a party, any additional Contracts contemplated hereby or thereby or the consummation of the Transactions, except for compliance with any applicable requirements of the Securities Act, the Exchange Act, state securities and “blue sky” Laws.
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(c) The execution and delivery by MT of this Agreement and the other Transaction Agreements to which MT is or will be a party and the consummation of the Transactions will not conflict with, or result in any violation of, breach of or default under (with or without notice or lapse of time, or both), or give rise to a right of termination, cancellation, renegotiation, payment of additional amounts or acceleration of any obligation or loss of any benefit under, or require any consent, approval or waiver from any Person in accordance with any Contract to which MT is a party (other than the Battelle License Amendment).
SECTION 4.03. Legal Proceedings. There are no Proceedings pending or, to the Knowledge of MT, threatened against MT or any of its Affiliates or before any Governmental Entity (a) seeking to prevent or delay the Closing or (b) with the exception of prosecution and registration before a Governmental Entity, relating to the MT IP Assets.
SECTION 4.04. Intellectual Property.
(a) (i) MT exclusively owns all right, title and interest in and to all MT IP Assets, in each case free and clear of all Encumbrances other than non-exclusive licenses granted in the ordinary course of business, (ii) the consummation of the Transactions will not adversely affect such rights and (iii) MT is compliant with the terms of any funding or use of facilities or personnel of any Governmental Entity used in the development of any MT IP Asset.
(b) MT has taken commercially reasonable steps to protect its right, title and interest in and to all trade secrets contained in the MT IP Assets, including the execution of appropriate confidentiality agreements with third parties or employees of MT who have been granted access to such MT IP Assets.
SECTION 4.05. Taxes. (a) Except for liens for Taxes not yet due and payable or that are being contested in good faith in appropriate proceedings and for which adequate reserves have been established in accordance with GAAP, (i) there are no liens for Taxes on any of the MT IP Assets and (ii) no claim has been made by any Taxing Authority that could give rise to any such lien.
(b) MT has not made an election to treat the Company as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes.
SECTION 4.06. Broker’s Fees. No broker, investment banker, financial advisor or other Person is entitled to any broker’s, finder’s, financial advisor’s or other similar fee or commission in connection with the Transactions based upon arrangements made by or on behalf of MT or any of its Affiliates.
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SECTION 4.07. No Other Representations or Warranties. MT acknowledges that it is relying on its own investigation and examination of the Transactions, including the GE IP License. MT specifically disclaims that it is relying upon or has relied upon any express or implied representations or warranties made by GE Vernova, any Affiliates of GE Vernova, any of their respective Representatives or any other Person on behalf of GE Vernova in connection with the Transactions except for the representations and warranties contained in Article III or certificates delivered at Closing and such representations and warranties contained in the other Transaction Agreements.
ARTICLE V
Representations and Warranties of MT Regarding the Company
MT represents and warrants to GE Vernova as of the date of this Agreement and as of the Closing, as follows:
SECTION 5.01. Organization, Standing and Corporate Power.
(a) The Company (i) is duly organized, validly existing and in good standing under the Laws of the jurisdiction of its organization, (ii) has the corporate power to own, lease and operate its assets and to conduct its business as currently conducted, (iii) is duly qualified to do business and is in good standing in the jurisdiction of its organization, and (iv) is not in violation of any of the provisions of its organizational documents.
(b) The Company was formed as a Delaware limited liability company on January 5, 2024. As of the date hereof, the authorized membership interests of the Company (the “Company Interests”) are 100.0% owned by MT, free and clear of all Encumbrances (other than any transfer restrictions under applicable securities Laws). The Company has never had any assets, Liabilities or business operations, and will have no assets, Liabilities or business operations prior to the Closing, except in connection with the Transactions. Immediately following the Closing, all the outstanding Company Interests will have been duly authorized and validly issued, free and clear of all Encumbrances, except restrictions on transfer under securities Laws and Encumbrances under the A&R LLC Agreement. There are no options, warrants, rights, convertible or exchangeable securities, “phantom” stock or other equity rights, stock or other equity appreciation rights, stock-based performance units, Contracts or undertakings of any kind to which the Company is a party or by which it is bound (i) obligating the Company to issue, deliver, sell, repurchase, redeem or otherwise acquire or cause to be issued, delivered, sold, repurchased, redeemed or otherwise acquired any membership interests of, or other equity interests in, or any security convertible or exercisable for or exchangeable into any membership interests of, or other equity interests in, the Company, (ii) obligating the Company to issue, grant, extend or enter into any such option, warrant, right, security, unit, Contract or undertaking or (iii) that give any Person the right to receive any economic benefit or right similar to or derived from the economic benefits and rights accruing to holders of membership interests of, or other equity interests in, the Company.
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SECTION 5.02. Authority; Noncontravention.
(a) The Company has all requisite corporate power and authority to enter into the Transaction Agreements to which the Company is or will be a party, to perform its obligations thereunder and consummate the Transactions. The execution and delivery of the Transaction Agreements to which the Company is or will be a party, as applicable, and the consummation of the Transactions have been duly authorized and approved by all necessary corporate action on the part of the Company. The Transaction Agreements to which the Company is or will be a party will be as of the Closing duly executed and delivered by the Company and, assuming due authorization, execution and delivery by GE Vernova and MT, as applicable, each constitutes the valid and binding obligation of the Company, enforceable against the Company in accordance with its terms, subject to the effect of any Enforceability Exceptions.
(b) MT, as the sole member of the Company, has duly adopted resolutions approving this Agreement and the other Transactions, which resolutions have not been subsequently rescinded, modified or withdrawn in any way. Other than as set forth in the immediately preceding sentence, no vote or consent of the holders of any class or series of membership interests of, or other equity interests in, the Company is necessary to approve the Transaction Agreements or the consummation of the Transactions.
(c) The execution and delivery by the Company of the Transaction Agreements to which the Company is or will be a party do not, and the consummation of the Transactions will not, (i) result in the creation of an Encumbrance on any assets of the Company or (ii) conflict with, or result in any violation of, breach of, or default under (with or without notice or lapse of time, or both), or give rise to a right of termination, cancellation, renegotiation or acceleration of any obligation or loss of any benefit under, or require any consent, approval or waiver from any Person in accordance with, (A) any provision of the organizational documents of the Company, or (B) any Permit, Law or Order applicable to the Company or any of its properties or assets. No consent, approval, order or authorization of, or registration, declaration or filing with any Governmental Entity is required by or with respect to the Company in connection with the execution and delivery of the Transaction Agreements to which the Company is or will be a party, any additional Contracts contemplated hereby or thereby or the consummation of the Transactions, except for compliance with any applicable requirements of the Securities Act, the Exchange Act, state securities and “blue sky” Laws.
(d) The execution and delivery by the Company of the Transaction Agreements to which the Company is or will be a party and the consummation of the Transactions will not conflict with, or result in any violation of, breach of or default under (with or without notice or lapse of time, or both), or give rise to a right of termination, cancellation, renegotiation, payment of additional amounts or acceleration of any obligation or loss of any benefit under, or require any consent, approval or waiver from any Person in accordance with any Contract to which the Company is a party.
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ARTICLE VI
Covenants Relating to Conduct of Business
SECTION 6.01. Conduct of Business. (a) During the period from the date of this Agreement until the earlier of the termination of this Agreement in accordance with Article X and the Closing (such period, the “Pre-Closing Period”), except with the prior written consent of the other Party, each Party, as licensor, shall, and shall cause its Affiliates to, use their reasonable best efforts to use and maintain its IP Assets in the ordinary course of business consistent with past practice (except to the extent expressly provided otherwise in this Agreement or the Intellectual Property Agreement). In addition, during the Pre-Closing Period, each Party shall, and shall cause each of its Affiliates to:
(i) continue the prosecution (including fronting fees if needed) of its respective patent applications listed on Schedule A and Schedule B of the Intellectual Property Agreement, and otherwise take necessary and appropriate actions to avoid the abandonment of same;
(ii) materially comply with the terms of any funding or use of facilities or personnel of any Governmental Entity used in the development of any IP Asset; and
(iii) take such actions (and refrain from taking or agreeing to take such actions, including the sale, assignment or exclusive license of any IP Asset) as may be necessary and appropriate to preserve the existence and current value of its respective IP Assets in furtherance of the rights and licenses to be granted in the Intellectual Property Agreement.
SECTION 6.02. Conduct of the Company.
(a) During the Pre-Closing Period, MT shall cause the Company not to conduct any activities other than such activities as are reasonably necessary in connection with its formation and the consummation of the Transactions.
(b) Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, during the Pre-Closing Period, except with the prior written consent of GE Vernova, MT shall not and shall not permit the Company to:
(i) issue, grant, sell, transfer or pledge any Company Interests, or other equity interests in the Company, or any security convertible or exercisable for or exchangeable therefor or any rights thereto, or adjust, split, combine, redeem or repurchase Company Interests;
(ii) make a tax election to treat the Company as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes;
(iii) make or authorize any change in the organizational documents of the Company; or
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(iv) take or agree in writing to take, any of the actions described in the foregoing clauses of Section 6.02(b).
SECTION 6.03. Commercially Reasonable Efforts. During the Pre-Closing Period, on the terms and subject to the conditions set forth in this Agreement, each of the Parties shall use commercially reasonable efforts, and shall cooperate with the other Party, to take, or cause to be taken, all actions, and to do, or cause to be done, all things necessary, appropriate or desirable to consummate and make effective, in the most expeditious manner practicable, the Transactions, including the satisfaction of the respective conditions set forth in Article VIII (provided that no Party shall be required to waive any condition for its benefit).
SECTION 6.04. Notice of Certain Events. During the Pre-Closing Period, the Parties agree that, subject to applicable Laws, each shall provide the other with prompt notice in writing (together with copies of all related documents and correspondence) of:
(a) any notice or communication from any Person alleging that the consent of such Person is or may be required in connection with the Transactions; or
(b) any material Proceeding commenced or threatened in writing against it or its Affiliates relating to the Transactions;
provided, however, that no such notification shall affect the representations, warranties, covenants or agreements of the Parties under this Agreement.
SECTION 6.05. Access to Information. During the Pre-Closing Period, each Party shall continue to afford the other Party and its Representatives reasonable access during normal business hours in the manner and to the extent as has been previously provided with respect to information concerning the IP Assets as the other Party may reasonably request. Each requesting Party will be responsible for ensuring that its representatives comply with such Party’s obligations under the Confidentiality Agreement. Such access may not unreasonably interfere with the business of each Party or any of its Affiliates and will be subject to compliance with applicable Laws and any Contracts or Permits to which such Party or any of its Affiliates is subject. Each Party may restrict access to any privileged information relating to any pending or threatened claim.
SECTION 6.06. Public Announcements. Neither Party shall, and each Party shall cause its Affiliates not to, issue any press release or other public announcement or make any public statement concerning the Transactions without the prior consent of the other Party (which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld, conditioned or delayed), except as may be required by applicable Laws, Order or any Governmental Entity, in which case the Party required to make the disclosure shall allow the other Party reasonable time (not less than 24 hours) to comment thereon in advance of such issuance and the disclosing Party shall consider in good faith any reasonable comments provided by the other Party. The press release announcing the execution and delivery of this Agreement shall be a joint press release of the Parties in the form mutually agreed upon by the Parties in writing prior to the date hereof (the “Announcements”). Notwithstanding the foregoing, (a) this Section 6.06 shall not apply to any press release or other public announcement or statement made by any of the Parties hereto which is substantially consistent with the Announcements and the terms of this Agreement and does not contain any information relating to GE Vernova, MT or any of their respective Affiliates that has not been previously announced or made public in accordance with the terms of this Agreement, (b) each of GE Vernova and MT may make internal announcements to their respective employees that are consistent with the Announcements, and (c) MT and its Affiliates and Representatives may provide information to MT’s current or prospective investors (including limited partners of investment funds affiliated with MT and/or its Affiliates) and/or lenders (and their respective Representatives) regarding the subject matter and terms of this Agreement in connection with their respective fundraising, marketing, informational, transactional and/or reporting activities, in each case, without any required approval by any Party hereto, so long as the recipients of such information are bound by confidentiality obligations with respect to such information in form and substance reasonably acceptable to GE Vernova in advance of receiving such information.
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ARTICLE VII
Tax Matters
SECTION 7.01. Transfer Taxes. The Parties agree that the Company will be responsible for all Transfer Taxes imposed by reason of the Transaction. Each Party shall, and shall cause its respective Affiliates and the Company to, (i) cooperate in timely making all filings, returns, reports and forms as may be required in connection with the payment of such Transfer Taxes and (ii) use commercially reasonable efforts, in accordance with the terms of this Agreement, to minimize the amount of such Transfer Taxes.
SECTION 7.02. Tax Forms. Each Party agrees to notify the other Party immediately in writing if any U.S. Tax form previously delivered pursuant to this Agreement ceases to be accurate or complete and to the extent such Party is able to do so, shall furnish, or shall cause to be furnished, to the other Party any additional U.S. Tax forms or information upon reasonable request by such other Party.
SECTION 7.03. Intended Tax Treatment. For U.S. federal income tax purposes, the Parties agree to treat (x) the MT Closing Date Capital Contribution and the GE Closing Date Capital Contribution in exchange for Class A Interests and Class B Interests, respectively, pursuant to the A&R LLC Agreement as a tax-free transfer of property under Section 721(a) of the Code and (y) the Intellectual Property Agreement as licenses to the Company of their respective underlying Intellectual Property (the “Intended Tax Treatment”). The Parties shall not take any tax reporting or tax return position that is inconsistent with the Intended Tax Treatment unless required by a final “determination” within the meaning of Section 1313(a) of the Code.
ARTICLE VIII
Conditions to Closing
SECTION 8.01. Conditions to Each Party’s Obligations for the Closing. The respective obligations of each Party to consummate the Transactions shall be subject to the satisfaction or waiver by each of the Parties (to the extent permitted by Law) at or prior to the Closing of each of the following conditions:
(a) No Injunctions or Restraints; Illegality. No temporary restraining order, preliminary or permanent injunction or other order issued by any court of competent jurisdiction or other legal or regulatory restraint or prohibition or any applicable Law (collectively, “Restraints”) preventing or making illegal the consummation of the Transactions shall be in effect.
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(b) Battelle License Amendment. MT and Battelle shall have entered into the Battelle License Amendment.
SECTION 8.02. Conditions to Obligations of MT for the Closing. The obligations of MT to consummate the Transactions shall be further subject to the satisfaction or waiver by MT (to the extent permitted by Law) at the Closing of the following conditions:
(a) Representations and Warranties of GE Vernova. Each of the representations and warranties made by GE Vernova and GE Vernova Parent, as applicable, in this Agreement and the other Transaction Agreements to which GE Vernova or GE Vernova Parent is or will be a party, without giving effect to any materiality or material adverse effect qualifications set forth therein, shall be true and correct in all material respects, in each case as of the date of this Agreement and as of the Closing Date.
(b) Performance of Obligations of GE Vernova. GE Vernova shall have performed and complied in all material respects with all covenants and other obligations of this Agreement required to be performed and complied with by it at or before the Closing.
(c) GE Certificate. MT shall have received a certificate, dated as of the Closing Date and signed on behalf of GE Vernova and GE Vernova Parent by an authorized representative of GE Vernova and GE Vernova Parent, stating that the conditions set forth in Section 8.02(a) and Section 8.02(b) have been satisfied.
(d) Financing. MT shall have committed to use $10 million of any Equity Financing obtained after the date of this Agreement for the purposes of the MT Closing Date Capital Contribution.
SECTION 8.03. Conditions to Obligations of GE Vernova for the Closing. The obligations of GE Vernova to consummate the Transactions shall be further subject to the satisfaction or waiver by GE Vernova (to the extent permitted by Law) at the Closing of the following conditions:
(a) Representations and Warranties of MT. Each of the representations and warranties made by MT in this Agreement and the other Transaction Agreements to which MT is or will be a party, without giving effect to any materiality or material adverse effect qualifications set forth therein, shall be true and correct in all material respects, in each case as of the date of this Agreement and as of the Closing Date.
(b) Performance of Obligations of MT. MT shall have performed and complied in all material respects with all covenants and other obligations of this Agreement required to be performed and complied with by it at or before the Closing.
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(c) MT Certificate. GE Vernova shall have received a certificate, dated as of the Closing Date and signed on behalf of MT by an authorized representative of MT, stating that the conditions set forth in Section 8.03(a) and Section 8.03(b) have been satisfied.
ARTICLE IX
Indemnification
SECTION 9.01. Indemnification. From and after the Closing, each Party (an “Indemnifying Party”) shall indemnify, defend and hold harmless the other Party and their respective officers, directors, agents and employees (each, an “Indemnified Person”) from and against any and all losses, liabilities, damages, claims, suits, settlements, reductions in value, costs and expenses, including reasonable costs of investigation, settlement, and defense and reasonable legal fees, court costs, and any interest costs or penalties (collectively, “Losses”), arising out of, related to or otherwise by virtue of (a) any failure of any representation and warranty of the Indemnifying Party set forth herein to be true and correct as of the date hereof or as of the Closing Date; and (b) any breach by the Indemnifying Party of any of such Party’s covenants or agreements contained herein.
ARTICLE X
Termination
SECTION 10.01. Termination. At any time prior to the Closing, this Agreement may be terminated:
(a) by mutual written consent of GE Vernova and MT;
(b) by either GE Vernova or MT, pursuant to a written notice, if the Closing shall not have occurred on or before March 31, 2024, or such later date as may be mutually agreed between the Parties in writing (the “Termination Date”); provided, however, that the right to terminate this Agreement under this Section 10.01(b) shall not be available to any Party whose breach of this Agreement has resulted in the failure of the Closing to occur on or before the Termination Date;
(c) by either GE Vernova or MT, pursuant to a written notice, if any Restraint having the effect set forth in Section 8.01(a) shall have become final and nonappealable; provided, however, that the right to terminate this Agreement under this Section 10.01(c) shall not be available to any Party if such Party has failed to perform its obligations pursuant to Section 6.03;
(d) by MT, pursuant to a written notice, if GE Vernova shall have breached any of its representations or warranties or failed to perform any of its covenants or agreements set forth in this Agreement, which breach or failure to perform (A) would give rise to the failure of a condition set forth in Section 8.02(a) or Section 8.02(b) and (B) is incapable of being cured or, if capable of being cured by the Termination Date, GE Vernova (x) shall not have commenced good-faith efforts to cure such breach or failure to perform within 30 calendar days following receipt by GE Vernova of written notice of such breach or failure to perform from MT stating the MT’s intention to terminate this Agreement pursuant to this Section 10.01(d) and the basis for such termination or (y) are not thereafter continuing to take good-faith efforts to cure such breach or failure to perform; provided that MT shall not have the right to terminate this Agreement pursuant to this Section 10.01(d) if MT is then in material breach of any of its representations, warranties, covenants or agreements hereunder; or
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(e) by GE Vernova, pursuant to a written notice, if MT shall have breached any of its representations or warranties or failed to perform any of its covenants or agreements set forth in this Agreement, which breach or failure to perform (A) would give rise to the failure of a condition set forth in Section 8.03(a) or Section 8.03(b) and (B) is incapable of being cured or, if capable of being cured by the Termination Date, MT (x) shall not have commenced good-faith efforts to cure such breach or failure to perform within 30 calendar days following receipt by MT of written notice of such breach or failure to perform from GE Vernova stating the GE Vernova’s intention to terminate this Agreement pursuant to this Section 10.01(e) and the basis for such termination or (y) are not thereafter continuing to take good-faith efforts to cure such breach or failure to perform; provided that GE Vernova shall not have the right to terminate this Agreement pursuant to this Section 10.01(e) if GE Vernova is then in material breach of any of its representations, warranties, covenants or agreements hereunder.
SECTION 10.02. Effect of Termination. If this Agreement is terminated in accordance with Section 10.01, this Agreement and the other Transaction Agreements shall forthwith become void and there shall be no Liability on the part of MT or GE Vernova or their respective officers, directors, stockholders or Affiliates under this Agreement or any of the other Transaction Agreements; provided, however, that each Party shall remain liable for any fraud and for any willful breaches of this Agreement; and provided, further, that the Confidentiality Agreement and the provisions of this Section 10.02 and Article XI shall remain in full force and effect and survive any termination of this Agreement.
SECTION 10.03. Fees and Expenses. In the event that the Closing occurs, the Parties agree that the Company shall reimburse each Party for its documented out-of-pocket fees and expenses incurred in connection with this Agreement and the Transactions up to an aggregate amount per Party equal to $250,000; provided that the aggregate amount of such fees and expenses reimbursable by the Company to any Party shall not exceed the lesser of the aggregate amount of fees and expenses incurred by either Party. In the event that the Closing does not occur, all fees and expenses incurred in connection with this Agreement and the Transactions shall be paid by the Party incurring such fees or expenses.
ARTICLE XI
Guarantee
SECTION 11.01. GE Vernova Parent Guarantee.
(a) GE Vernova Parent hereby absolutely, irrevocably and unconditionally guarantees to MT, the Company and their respective Affiliates the full and timely observance, performance and discharge by each applicable member of the GE Group of any agreements, covenants or other obligations that are required to be performed or satisfied by such member of the GE Group under any of the Transaction Agreements to which such member of the GE Group is or will be a party (including any obligations to make payments in respect of capital contributions under the A&R LLC Agreement), in each case in accordance with and solely if, as and when required by the terms of such Transaction Agreements (in each case, as any such Transaction Agreements may be amended or modified from time to time in accordance with their respective terms) (the “Guaranteed Obligations”). All payments hereunder shall be made in lawful money of the United States, in immediately available funds. Subject to Section 11.02, the guarantee contained in this Section 11.01 (the “Guarantee”) is a continuing one and shall remain in full force and effect until all of the Guaranteed Obligations shall have been paid and performed in full, and will be binding upon GE Vernova Parent, its successors and permitted assigns.
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(b) If for any reason any member of the GE Group fails to perform or satisfy any Guaranteed Obligations with respect to which it is the obligor, or cause the same to be duly and promptly performed or satisfied, then GE Vernova Parent will itself duly and promptly perform or satisfy the Guaranteed Obligations, or cause the same to be duly and promptly performed or satisfied, in each case as if GE Vernova Parent were itself the obligor with respect to such Guaranteed Obligations. The guarantee provided in this Section 11.01 shall become effective as of the Closing. GE Vernova Parent further agrees that the Guarantee constitutes a guaranty of payment and performance when due and not of collection and is in no way conditioned or contingent upon any attempt to collect from any member of the GE Group.
(c) Section 6.01, Section 7.03, Section 11.01, Section 12.02, Section 12.03, Section 12.04, Section 12.05, Section 12.06, Section 12.07, Section 12.08, Section 12.09, Section 12.10, Section 12.11, Section 12.12 and Section 12.13 shall apply with respect to GE Vernova Parent and the Guarantee, and any use of the term “Party” or “Parties” in such Sections shall be deemed to include GE Vernova Parent.
ARTICLE XII
Miscellaneous
SECTION 12.01. Survival of Representations and Warranties. Except as otherwise expressly set forth herein or in another Transaction Agreement, the representations and warranties (other than the representations and warranties contained in Sections 3.01, 3.02(a), 3.04, 3.06, 4.01, 4.02(a), 4.04, 4.06, 5.01, 5.02(a) and 5.02(b), which shall survive until the sixth anniversary of the Closing) made by GE Vernova, on the one hand, and MT, on the other hand, in the Transaction Agreements, shall survive the execution and delivery of this Agreement and the Closing and remain in full force and effect until the first anniversary of the Closing; provided that nothing herein shall relieve any Party of liability for any inaccuracy or breach of such representation or warranty to the extent that any good faith allegation of such inaccuracy or breach is made in writing prior to such expiration by a Person entitled to make such claim pursuant to the terms and conditions of this Agreement. For the avoidance of doubt, claims may be made with respect to the breach of any representation or warranty until the applicable survival period therefor as described above expires.
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SECTION 12.02. Notices.
(a) All notices and other communications hereunder shall be in writing and shall be deemed given when delivered personally, one Business Day after having been dispatched by a nationally recognized overnight courier service or when sent via email (to the extent that no “bounce back” or similar message indicating non-delivery is received with respect thereto) to the Parties at the following address (or at such other addresses for a Party as shall be specified by like notice):
(i) if to MT, to:
MT Technologies LLC
34361 Innovation Drive
Ronan, Montana 59864
Attention: Matt Jore
Email: mattjore@mt.energy
with a copy (which shall not constitute notice) to:
Cravath, Swaine & Moore LLP
Worldwide Plaza
825 Eighth Avenue
New York, NY 10019
Attention: O. Keith Hallam
David J. Kappos
Jin-Kyu Baek
Benjamin G. Joseloff
Email: KHallam@cravath.com
DKappos@cravath.com
JBaek@cravath.com
BJoseloff@cravath.com
(ii) if to GE Vernova, to:
GE Ventures LLC
58 Charles St.
Cambridge, MA 02141
Attention: Limor Spector
Email: limor.spector@ge.com
with a copy (which shall not constitute notice) to:
Holland & Knight LLP
31 West 52nd Street
New York, NY 10019
Attention: Waajid Siddiqui
Email: Waajid.Siddiqui@hklaw.com
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(iii) if to GE Vernova Parent, to:
GE Vernova LLC
58 Charles St.
Cambridge, MA 02141
Attention: Limor Spector
Email: limor.spector@ge.com
with a copy (which shall not constitute notice) to:
Holland & Knight LLP
31 West 52nd Street
New York, NY 10019
Attention: Waajid Siddiqui
Email: Waajid.Siddiqui@hklaw.com
(b) Any Party may at any time change its address for service from time to time by giving notice to the other Parties in accordance with this Section 12.02.
SECTION 12.03. Terms Generally; Interpretation. Except to the extent that the context otherwise requires:
(a) when a reference is made in this Agreement to an Article, Section, Subsection, Exhibit, Schedule or Recitals, such reference is to an Article, Section or Subsection of, an Exhibit or Schedule or the Recitals to, this Agreement unless otherwise indicated;
(b) the table of contents and headings for this Agreement are for reference purposes only and do not affect in any way the meaning or interpretation of this Agreement;
(c) the words “include”, “includes” or “including” (or similar terms) are deemed to be followed by the words “without limitation”;
(d) the words “hereof”, “herein” and “hereunder” and words of similar import, when used in this Agreement, refer to this Agreement as a whole and not to any particular provision of this Agreement;
(e) any gender-specific reference in this Agreement includes all genders;
(f) the definitions contained in this Agreement are applicable to the other grammatical forms of such terms;
(g) a reference to any legislation or to any provision of any legislation will include any modification, amendment or re-enactment thereof, any legislative provision substituted therefor and all rules, regulations and statutory instruments issued or related to such legislation;
(h) references to a Person are also to its permitted successors and assigns;
(i) the Parties have participated jointly in the negotiation and drafting hereof; if any ambiguity or question of intent or interpretation arises, this Agreement will be construed as if drafted jointly by the Parties, and no presumption or burden of proof will arise favoring or disfavoring any Party by virtue of the authorship of any provision hereof; no prior draft of this Agreement nor any course of performance or course of dealing will be used in the interpretation or construction hereof; and
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(j) no parol evidence will be introduced in the construction or interpretation of this Agreement unless the ambiguity or uncertainty at issue is plainly discernible from a reading of this Agreement without consideration of any extrinsic evidence.
SECTION 12.04. Counterparts. This Agreement may be executed in one or more counterparts (whether delivered by facsimile or otherwise, including electronic delivery), each of which shall be considered one and the same instrument and shall become effective when one or more counterparts have been signed by each of the Parties and delivered to the other Party; it being understood that all Parties need not sign the same counterpart.
SECTION 12.05. Entire Agreement; No Third-Party Beneficiaries. This Agreement and the other Transaction Agreements and the documents and instruments and other agreements specifically referred to herein or therein or delivered pursuant hereto or thereto, including all the exhibits attached hereto or thereto, (a) constitute the entire agreement among the parties to the Transaction Agreements with respect to the subject matter hereof and supersede all prior agreements and understandings, both written and oral, among the parties to the Transaction Agreements with respect to the subject matter hereof, except for the Confidentiality Agreement, which shall continue in full force and effect, and shall survive any termination of this Agreement, in accordance with its terms, and (b) are not intended to confer, and shall not be construed as conferring, upon any Person other than the parties to the Transaction Agreements any rights or remedies hereunder (except the provisions of Section 9.01 and Article XI, which are intended to be for the benefit of the Persons covered thereby and may, to the extent provided therein, be enforced by such Persons).
SECTION 12.06. Assignment. Neither this Agreement nor any of the rights, interests or obligations hereunder shall be assigned by any of the Parties (whether by operation of law or otherwise) without the prior written consent of the other Party. This Agreement will be binding upon, inure to the benefit of and be enforceable by the Parties and their respective successors and assigns.
SECTION 12.07. Severability. Any term or provision of this Agreement that is held by a court of competent jurisdiction or arbitrator to be invalid, void or unenforceable in any situation in any jurisdiction shall not affect the validity or enforceability of the remaining terms and provisions hereof or the validity or enforceability of the invalid, void or unenforceable term or provision in any other situation or in any other jurisdiction. If the final judgment of such court or arbitrator declares that any term or provision hereof is invalid, void or unenforceable, the Parties agree to reduce the scope, duration, area or applicability of the term or provision, to delete specific words or phrases, or to replace any invalid, void or unenforceable term or provision with a term or provision that is valid and enforceable and that comes closest to expressing the original intention of the invalid or unenforceable term or provision.
SECTION 12.08. Failure or Indulgence Not Waiver; Remedies Cumulative. No failure or delay on the part of either Party in the exercise of any right hereunder shall impair such right or be construed to be a waiver of, or acquiescence in, any breach of any representation, warranty or agreement herein, nor shall any single or partial exercise of any such right preclude other or further exercise thereof or of any other right. Except as otherwise provided herein all rights and remedies existing under this Agreement are cumulative to, and not exclusive of, any rights or remedies otherwise available.
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SECTION 12.09. GOVERNING LAW. THIS AGREEMENT SHALL BE GOVERNED BY AND CONSTRUED AND INTERPRETED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE LAWS OF THE STATE OF DELAWARE, IRRESPECTIVE OF THE CHOICE OF LAWS PRINCIPLES OF THE STATE OF DELAWARE, AS TO ALL MATTERS, INCLUDING MATTERS OF VALIDITY, CONSTRUCTION, EFFECT, ENFORCEABILITY, PERFORMANCE AND REMEDIES.
SECTION 12.10. JURISDICTION AND VENUE. Each Party hereby irrevocably agrees that any legal dispute, claim or controversy shall be brought only to the exclusive jurisdiction of the courts of the State of Delaware or the federal courts located in the District of Delaware, and each Party hereby consents to the jurisdiction of such courts (and of the appropriate appellate courts therefrom) in any such legal dispute, claim or controversy. During the period that an action, suit or proceeding is filed in accordance with this Section is pending before a court, all actions, suits or proceedings with respect to such dispute, claim or controversy or any other dispute, claim or controversy, including any counterclaim, cross-claim or interpleader, shall be subject to the exclusive jurisdiction of such court. Each Party hereby waives, and shall not assert as a defense in any action, suit, or proceeding, that (a) such Party is not subject thereto, (b) such action, suit or proceeding may not be brought or is not maintainable in such court, (c) such Party’s property is exempt or immune from execution, (d) such action, suit or proceeding is brought in an inconvenient forum, or (e) the venue of such action, suit, or proceeding is improper.
SECTION 12.11. WAIVER OF JURY TRIAL. EACH PARTY HERETO HEREBY IRREVOCABLY WAIVES ALL RIGHT TO TRIAL BY JURY IN ANY ACTION, PROCEEDING OR COUNTERCLAIM (WHETHER BASED ON CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE) ARISING OUT OF OR RELATING TO THIS AGREEMENT OR THE ACTIONS OF ANY PARTY HERETO IN THE NEGOTIATION, ADMINISTRATION, PERFORMANCE AND ENFORCEMENT HEREOF.
SECTION 12.12. Specific Performance. The Parties agree that irreparable damage for which monetary relief, even if available, would not be an adequate remedy, would occur in the event that any provision of this Agreement is not performed in accordance with its specific terms or is otherwise breached, including if the Parties fail to take any action required of them hereunder to consummate this Agreement and the Transactions. Subject to the following sentence, the Parties acknowledge and agree that (a) the Parties shall be entitled to an injunction or injunctions, specific performance or other equitable relief to prevent breaches of this Agreement and to enforce specifically the terms and provisions hereof in the courts described in Section 12.10 without proof of damages or otherwise, this being in addition to any other remedy to which they are entitled under this Agreement and (b) the right of specific enforcement is an integral part of the Transactions and without that right neither GE Vernova nor MT would have entered into this Agreement. The Parties agree not to assert that a remedy of specific enforcement is unenforceable, invalid, contrary to Law or inequitable for any reason, and not to assert that a remedy of monetary damages would provide an adequate remedy or that the Parties otherwise have an adequate remedy at law. The Parties acknowledge and agree that any Party seeking an injunction or injunctions to prevent breaches of this Agreement and to enforce specifically the terms and provisions of this Agreement in accordance with this Section 12.12 shall not be required to provide any bond or other security in connection with any such order or injunction.
SECTION 12.13. Amendments. This Agreement may be amended or waived if, and only if, such amendment or waiver is in writing and signed by each Party against whom such amendment or waiver shall be enforced.
[Signature Pages Follow]
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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, MT, GE Vernova and GE Vernova Parent have caused this Agreement to be signed as of the date first written above.
| MONTANA TECHNOLOGIES LLC, | |||
| by | |||
| /s/ Matt Jore | |||
| Name: | Matt Jore | ||
| Title: | Chief Executive Officer | ||
| GE VENTURES LLC, | |||
| by | |||
| /s/ Robert Duffy | |||
| Name: | Robert Duffy | ||
| Title: | President | ||
| GE VERNOVA LLC, | |||
| by | |||
| /s/ Victoria Vron | |||
| Name: | Victoria Vron | ||
| Title: | Vice President | ||
[Signature Page to Joint Venture Formation Framework Agreement]
Exhibit A
A&R LLC Agreement
Exhibit B
Intellectual Property Agreement
Exhibit C
Master Services Agreements
Exhibit 31.1
CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER PURSUANT TO
RULES 13-a-14(a) AND 15d-14(a) UNDER THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934,
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
I, Matthew Jore, certify that:
| 1. | I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Montana Technologies Corporation; |
| 2. | Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report; |
| 3. | Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report; |
| 4. | The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and have: |
| (a) | Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared; |
| (b) | [Omitted]; |
| (c) | Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and |
| (d) | Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and |
| 5. | The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions): |
| (a) | All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and |
| (b) | Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting. |
| Date: August 22, 2024 | By: | /s/ Matthew Jore |
| Matthew Jore Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer) |
Exhibit 31.2
CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER PURSUANT TO
RULES 13-a-14(a) AND 15d-14(a) UNDER THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934,
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
I, Stephen S. Pang, certify that:
| 1. | I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Montana Technologies Corporation; |
| 2. | Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report; |
| 3. | Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report; |
| 4. | The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and have: |
| (a) | Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared; |
| (b) | [Omitted]; |
| (c) | Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and |
| (d) | Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and |
| 5. | The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions): |
| (a) | All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and |
| (b) | Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting. |
| Date: August 22, 2024 | By: | /s/ Stephen S. Pang |
| Stephen S. Pang Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer) |
Exhibit 32.1
CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO
18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350, AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO
SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
In connection with the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Montana Technologies Corporation (the “Company”) for the quarterly period ended June 30, 2024 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350, as adopted pursuant to § 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that, to my knowledge:
| (1) | The Report fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and |
| (2) | The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company. |
| Date: August 22, 2024 | By: | /s/ Matthew Jore |
| Matthew Jore | ||
|
Chief Executive Officer |
Exhibit 32.2
CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO
18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350, AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO
SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
In connection with the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Montana Technologies Corporation (the “Company”) for the period ended June 30, 2024 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350, as adopted pursuant to § 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that, to my knowledge:
| (1) | The Report fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and |
| (2) | The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company. |
| Date: August 22, 2024 | By: | /s/ Stephen S. Pang |
| Stephen S. Pang | ||
|
Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer) |
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Unaudited) (Parentheticals) - $ / shares |
Jun. 30, 2024 |
Dec. 31, 2023 |
|---|---|---|
| Preferred stock, par value (in Dollars per share) | $ 0.0001 | $ 0.0001 |
| Preferred stock, shares authorized | 25,000,000 | 25,000,000 |
| Preferred stock, shares issued | 0 | 0 |
| Preferred stock, shares outstanding | 0 | 0 |
| Class A Common Stock | ||
| Common stock par value (in Dollars per share) | $ 0.0001 | $ 0.0001 |
| Common stock, shares authorized | 600,000,000 | 600,000,000 |
| Common stock, shares issued | 51,016,028 | 32,731,583 |
| Common stock, shares outstanding | 51,016,028 | 32,731,583 |
| Class B Common Stock | ||
| Common stock par value (in Dollars per share) | $ 0.0001 | $ 0.0001 |
| Common stock, shares authorized | 50,000,000 | 50,000,000 |
| Common stock, shares issued | 4,759,642 | 4,759,642 |
| Common stock, shares outstanding | 4,759,642 | 4,759,642 |
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations (Unaudited) (Parentheticals) - shares |
3 Months Ended | 6 Months Ended | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Jun. 30, 2024 |
Jun. 30, 2023 |
Jun. 30, 2024 |
Jun. 30, 2023 |
|
| Class B Common Stock | ||||
| Weighted average common stock outstanding, diluted | 4,759,642 | 4,759,642 | 4,759,642 | 4,759,642 |
Organization and Business Operations |
6 Months Ended |
|---|---|
Jun. 30, 2024 | |
| Organization and Business Operations [Abstract] | |
| ORGANIZATION AND BUSINESS OPERATIONS | Note 1 — ORGANIZATION AND BUSINESS OPERATIONS
Montana Technologies Corporation (the “Company”) was established to pursue the development and expected commercialization of various technological innovations and may engage in any activity or purpose permitted for a corporation organized in Delaware. The Company has created a transformational technology that provides significant energy efficiency gains in air conditioning and comfort cooling applications, as well as a potential source of potable water, all through its proprietary “AirJoule” units.
Power & Digital Infrastructure Acquisition II Corp (“XPDB”) entered into an Agreement and Plan of Merger (the “Merger Agreement”), dated June 5, 2023, as amended on February 5, 2024, with XPDB Merger Sub, LLC, a direct wholly-owned subsidiary of XPDB (“Merger Sub”), and Montana Technologies LLC (“Legacy Montana”). On March 14, 2024, pursuant to the Merger Agreement, Merger Sub was merged with and into Legacy Montana, with the Legacy Montana surviving the merger as a wholly-owned subsidiary of XPDB (the “Merger” and, together with the other transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement, the “Business Combination”). In connection with closing the Business Combination (the “Closing”), XPDB changed its name from “Power & Digital Infrastructure Acquisition II Corp.” to “Montana Technologies Corporation.”
Prior to the Business Combination, all of the outstanding preferred units of Legacy Montana were converted into Class B common units. As a result of the Business Combination, (i) each issued and outstanding Class B common unit and Class C common unit of Legacy Montana was converted into the right to receive approximately 23.8 shares of newly issued shares of Class A common stock of Montana Technologies Corporation, (ii) each issued and outstanding class A common unit of Legacy Montana converted into the right to receive approximately 23.8 shares of newly issued shares of Class B common stock of Montana Technologies Corporation and (iii) each option to purchase common units of Legacy Montana converted into the right to receive an option to purchase Class A common stock of Montana Technologies Corporation having substantially similar terms to the corresponding option, including with respect to vesting and termination-related provisions, except that such options represented the right to receive a number of shares of Class A common stock equal to the number of common units subject to the corresponding option immediately prior to the Closing multiplied by approximately 23.8.
The Business Combination was accounted for as a reverse recapitalization in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”). Under this method of accounting, although XPDB acquired the outstanding equity interest in Legacy Montana in the Business Combination, XPDB is treated as the “acquired company” and Legacy Montana was treated as the accounting acquirer for financial statement purposes. Accordingly, the Business Combination was treated as the equivalent of Legacy Montana issuing stock for the net assets of XPDB, accompanied by a recapitalization.
Furthermore, the historical financial statements of Legacy Montana became the historical financial statements of the Company upon the consummation of the merger. As a result, the condensed consolidated financial statements reflect (i) the historical operating results of Legacy Montana prior to the Business Combination; (ii) the combined results of XPDB and Legacy Montana following the Closing; (iii) the assets and liabilities of Legacy Montana at their historical cost and (iv) Legacy Montana’s equity structure for all periods presented, as affected by the recapitalization presentation after completion of the Business Combination. See Note 4 - Recapitalization for further details of the Business Combination.
On January 25, 2024, the Company entered into a joint venture formation framework agreement with GE Ventures LLC, a Delaware limited liability company and, solely for the purposes specified therein, GE Vernova LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, pursuant to which the Company and GE Vernova agreed, subject to the terms and conditions of the framework agreement, including certain closing conditions specified therein, to form a joint venture (the “AirJoule JV”) in which each of the Company and GE Vernova will each hold a 50% interest. The joint venture transaction closed on March 4, 2024. AirJoule, LLC, the entity formed under this agreement is included under the equity method of accounting within these financial statements (See Note 5-Equity Method Investment). |
Liquidity and Capital Resources |
6 Months Ended |
|---|---|
Jun. 30, 2024 | |
| Liquidity and Capital Resources [Abstract] | |
| LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES | Note 2 — LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
The Company’s primary sources of liquidity have been cash from contributions from founders or other investors. The Company had retained earnings of $177.8 million as of June 30, 2024. As of June 30, 2024, the Company had $32.4 million of working capital including $34.6 million in cash.
The Company assesses its liquidity in terms of its ability to generate adequate amounts of cash to meet current and future needs. Its expected primary uses of cash on a short and long-term basis are for working capital requirements, capital expenditures, capital contributions to its joint ventures and other general corporate services. The Company’s primary working capital requirements are for project execution activities including purchases of materials, services and payroll which fluctuate during the year, driven primarily by the timing and extent of activities required on new and existing projects. The Company’s management expects that future operating losses and negative operating cash flows may increase from historical levels because of additional costs and expenses related to the development of its technology and the development of market and strategic relationships with other businesses and customers.
With the consummation of the Business Combination and Subscription Agreements, the Company received proceeds of approximately $40 million in March 2024, and $6 million in May 2024 and $12 million in June 2024, after giving effect to XPDB’s stockholder redemptions and payment of transaction expenses, which will be utilized to fund our product development, operations and growth plans.
Our future capital requirements will depend on many factors, including, the timing and extent of spending by the Company and its joint ventures to support the launch of its product and research and development efforts, the degree to which it is successful in launching new business initiatives and the cost associated with these initiatives, the timing and extent of contributions made to its joint ventures by the other partners and the growth of our business generally. In March 2024, the Company contributed $10 million in cash to the AirJoule JV, the Company has also agreed to contribute up to an additional $90 million in capital contributions to the AirJoule JV based on a business plan and annual operating budgets to be agreed between the Company and GE Vernova. In general, for the first six years, GE Vernova has the right, but not the obligation, to make capital contributions to the AirJoule JV. See Note 5 - Equity Method Investment for further information.
In order to finance these opportunities and associated costs, it is possible that the Company would need to raise additional financing if the proceeds realized from the Business Combination and cash received from Subscription Agreements are insufficient to support its business needs. While management believes that the proceeds realized through the Business Combination and cash received from Subscription Agreements will be sufficient to meet its currently contemplated business needs, management cannot assure you that this will be the case. If additional financing is required by us from outside sources, the Company may not be able to raise it on terms acceptable to it or at all. If the Company is unable to raise additional capital on acceptable terms when needed, its product development business, results of operations and financial condition would be materially and adversely affected. |
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies |
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| Summary of Significant Accounting Policies [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES | Note 3 — SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Basis of Presentation and principles of Consolidation
The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with GAAP, expressed in U.S. dollars. The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments including normal recurring adjustments, which, in the opinion of the Company’s management, are necessary to present fairly the financial position, results of operations and cash flows for the periods presented in accordance with GAAP. References to GAAP issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) in these accompanying notes to the financial statements are to the FASB Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”). The condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming the Company will continue as a going concern.
The Company owns a noncontrolling interest (50%) in an unconsolidated joint venture with GE Ventures LLC, the AirJoule JV. The investment in the Company’s unconsolidated affiliate is accounted for using the equity method with the Company’s proportionate share of income or loss recognized within equity in net income of unconsolidated affiliate (“equity income”) in its consolidated statements of earnings. See further discussion of the Company’s unconsolidated affiliate in Note 5 Equity Method Investment.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires the Company’s management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and reported amounts of expenses during the reporting period.
Some of the more significant estimates include estimates of amortization and depreciation, fair values of liabilities associated with the Earnout Shares, True Up Shares and Subject Vesting Shares (as such terms are defined in Note 4 Recapitalization), consolidation analysis of JVs and other entities (including determination of primary beneficiary, VIE and consolidation), fair value of the initial investment in the AirJoule JV, income taxes and estimates relating to leases. Due to the uncertainty involved in making estimates, actual results could differ from those estimates, which could have a material effect on the financial condition and results of operations in future periods.
Cash and Concentration of Credit Risk
The Company considers all highly liquid investments with a maturity of 90 days or less at the time of purchase to be cash equivalents. The carrying values of cash and cash equivalents approximate their fair values due to the short-term nature of these instruments. As of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, there were cash equivalents on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets. The Company maintains cash balances at financial institutions that may exceed the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation’s insurance limits. The amounts over these insured limits as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 were $34,083,529 and $114,254, respectively. The Company mitigates this concentration of credit risk by monitoring the credit worthiness of the financial institutions. No losses have been incurred to date on any deposits.
Business Combinations
The Company evaluates whether acquired net assets should be accounted for as a business combination or an asset acquisition by first applying a screen test to determine whether substantially all of the fair value of the gross assets acquired is concentrated in a single identifiable asset or group of similar identifiable assets. If so, the transaction is accounted for as an asset acquisition. If not, the Company applies its judgement to determine whether the acquired net assets meet the definition of a business by considering if the set includes an acquired input, process, and the ability to create outputs.
The Company accounts for business combinations using the acquisition method when it has obtained control. The Company measures goodwill as the fair value of the consideration transferred, including the fair value of any non-controlling interest recognized, less the net recognized amount of the identifiable assets acquired and liabilities combined, all measured at their fair value as of the acquisition date. Transaction costs, other than those associated with the issuance of debt or equity securities, that the Company incurs in connection with a business combination are expensed as incurred.
Any contingent consideration is measured at fair value at the acquisition date. For contingent consideration that does not meet all the criteria for equity classification, such contingent consideration is required to be recorded at its initial fair value at the acquisition date, and on each balance sheet date thereafter. Changes in the estimated fair value of liability-classified contingent consideration are recognized on the consolidated statements of operations in the period of change.
Equity Method Investment
In accordance with ASC 323, Investments - Equity Method and Joint Ventures, investments in entities over which the Company does not have a controlling financial interest but has significant influence are accounted for using the equity method, with the Company’s share of earnings or losses reported in earnings or losses from equity method investments on the statements of operations. Under the equity method, the Company’s investments are initially measured and recognized using the cost accumulation model following the guidance in ASC 805-50-30. After initial recognition, the consolidated financial statements include the Company’s share of undistributed earnings or losses, and impairment, if any, until the date on which significant influence ceases.
The Company’s equity method investments are assessed for impairment whenever changes in the facts and circumstances indicate a loss in value may have occurred. When a loss is deemed to have occurred and is other than temporary, the carrying value of the equity method investment is written down to fair value. In evaluating whether a loss is other than temporary, the Company considers the length of time for which the conditions have existed and its intent and ability to hold the investment.
Property and Equipment
Property and equipment is carried at cost less accumulated depreciation and includes expenditures that substantially increase the useful lives of existing property and equipment. Maintenance, repairs and minor renovations are charged to expense as incurred. When property and equipment is retired or otherwise disposed of, the related costs and accumulated depreciation are removed from their respective accounts, and any difference between the sale proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset is recognized as a gain or loss on disposal in the statements of income.
Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the various classes of depreciable assets. The lives used in computing depreciation for significant asset classes are as follow:
The estimated useful lives and depreciation methods are reviewed at each year-end, with the effect of any changes in estimates accounted for prospectively. All depreciation expenses are included with depreciation and amortization in the condensed consolidated statements of operations.
Leases
The Company determines if an arrangement is a lease at inception. Operating lease right-of-use asset (“ROU asset”) and short-term and long-term lease liability are included on the face of the condensed consolidated balance sheets.
ROU asset represents the right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liability represents the Company’s obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. An operating lease ROU asset and liability are recognized at the commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. As typically the Company’s leases do not provide an implicit rate, the Company uses an incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at commencement date over the respective lease term in determining the present value of lease payments. The Company’s lease terms may include options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that the Company will exercise that option. Lease expense for lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. For lease agreements with terms less than 12 months, the Company has elected the short-term lease measurement and recognition exemption, and it recognizes such lease payments on a straight-line basis over the lease term.
Warrants
The Company determines the accounting classification of warrants it issues as either liability or equity classified by first assessing whether the warrants meet liability classification in accordance with ASC 480-10, Accounting for Certain Financial Instruments with Characteristics of both Liabilities and Equity (“ASC 480”), then in accordance with ASC 815-40 (“ASC 815”), Accounting for Derivative Financial Instruments Indexed to, and Potentially Settled in, a Company’s Own Stock. In order for a warrant to be classified in stockholders’ deficit, the warrant must be (i) indexed to the Company’s equity and (ii) meet the conditions for equity classification.
If a warrant does not meet the conditions for stockholders’ deficit classification, it is carried on the condensed consolidated balance sheets as a warrant liability measured at fair value, with subsequent changes in the fair value of the warrant recorded in other non-operating losses (gains) in the consolidated statements of operations. If a warrant meets both conditions for equity classification, the warrant is initially recorded, at its relative fair value on the date of issuance, in stockholders’ deficit in the condensed consolidated balance sheets, and the amount initially recorded is not subsequently remeasured at fair value.
Income Taxes
Prior to the Business Combination on March 14, 2024, the Company was a limited liability company (“LLC”) and treated as a partnership for income tax purpose. As a Partnership, the Company was not directly liable for federal income taxes. As of the date of the Business Combination, the operations of the Company ceased to be taxed as a partnership resulting in a change in tax status for federal and state income tax purposes.
The Company follows the asset and liability method of accounting for income taxes under ASC Topic 740, Income Taxes (“ASC 740”). Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that is included in the enactment date. Valuation allowances are established, when necessary, to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount expected to be realized. During the six months ended June 30, 2024, as a result of our contribution to AirJoule, LLC of a perpetual license to our intellectual property, measured at fair value resulting in a book gain, a temporary difference between book and tax arose. The temporary difference resulted in the recognition of a deferred tax expenses and deferred tax liabilities of approximately $87.8 million. This expense was partially offset by the recognition of deferred tax assets in connection with the Company now being a corporation through the Business Combination.
ASC 740 prescribes a recognition threshold and a measurement attribute for the financial statement recognition and measurement of tax positions taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. For those benefits to be recognized, a tax position must be more likely than not to be sustained upon examination by taxing authorities. The Company recognizes accrued interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits as income tax expense. Management has evaluated the Company’s tax positions, including its previous status as a pass-through entity for federal and state tax purposes, and has determined that the Company has taken no uncertain tax positions that require adjustment to the condensed consolidated financial statements. The Company’s reserve related to uncertain tax positions was zero as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023. There were unrecognized tax benefits, and no amounts accrued for interest and penalties as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023. The Company is currently not aware of any issues under review that could result in significant payments, accruals or material deviation from its position.
Research and Development Cost
The Company accounts for research and development cost (“R&D”) in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 730, “Research and Development.” R&D represents costs incurred in performing research aimed at the discovery of new knowledge and the advancement of techniques to bring significant improvements to products and processes. Costs incurred in developing a product include consulting, engineering, construction and costs incurred to build prototypes.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset, or the amount paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. There is a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs used to measure fair value. The hierarchy gives the highest priority to quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1 measurement) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3 measurement). The Company classifies fair value balances based on the observability of those inputs. The three levels of the fair value hierarchy are as follows:
In some circumstances, the inputs used to measure fair value might be categorized within different levels of the fair value hierarchy. In those instances, the fair value measurement is categorized in its entirety in the fair value hierarchy based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The Company establishes the fair value of its assets and liabilities using the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date and establishes a fair value hierarchy based on the inputs used to measure fair value. The recorded amounts of certain financial instruments, including accounts payable, accrued expenses, and other current liabilities approximate fair value due to their relatively short maturities. See Note 5 – Equity Method Investment for measurements of the Investment in AirJoule, LLC measured utilizing level 3 inputs as of March 4, 2024. See Note 11 – Fair Value Measurements for measurements of the Earnout Shares, True Up Shares and Subject Vesting Shares, measured utilizing level 3 inputs as of June 30, 2024 and March 14, 2024.
Earnout Shares Liability
In connection with the reverse recapitalization and pursuant to the Business Combination Agreement, eligible former Legacy Montana Equityholders (as defined below) are entitled to receive additional shares of Common Stock upon the Company achieving certain milestones. See Note 4 – Recapitalization. The settlement of the Earnout Shares to the Legacy Montana Equityholders depends on factors other than just the Company’s stock price. As such, management determined that the Earnout Shares should be classified as a liability and recognized at fair value at each reporting period with changes in fair value included in earnings.
We estimated fair value of the Earnout Shares with a Monte Carlo simulation using a distribution of potential outcomes for expected earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization (“EBITDA”) and stock price at expected commission dates, utilizing a correlation coefficient for EBITDA and stock price, and assuming $50 million of Annualized EBITDA per production line, with six production lines commissioned over a five-year period. EBITDA was discounted to the valuation date with a weighted average cost of capital estimate and forecasted to each estimated commission date. Earnout mechanics at each estimated commission date were assessed, and if the earnout thresholds were achieved, the future value of the Earnout Shares was discounted to the valuation date utilizing a risk-free rate commensurate with the overall term. The commission dates used reflected management’s best estimates regarding the time to complete full construction and achieve operational viability of a production line, including all permitting, regulatory approvals and necessary or useful inspections. The 5 year term and overall settlement mechanics for the Earnout Shares represent contractual inputs. Management’s valuation of the Earnout Shares liability involves certain assumptions requiring significant judgment and actual results may differ from assumed and estimated amounts.
The Company determined the Earnout Shares associated with employees are accounted for as compensation expense under FASB ASC Topic 718, Share-based Compensation (“ASC 718”). See “Share-Based Compensation” below.
Derivative Financial Instruments and Other Financial Instruments Carried at Fair Value
The Company does not use derivative instruments to hedge exposures to cash flow, market, or foreign currency risks. The Company evaluates all of its financial instruments, including the True Up Shares issued in connection with the Subscription Agreement and the Subject Vesting Shares issued in connection with the Business Combination, to determine if such instruments are derivatives or contain features that qualify as embedded derivatives, pursuant to ASC 480 and FASB ASC Topic 815, “Derivatives and Hedging” (“ASC 815”). The classification of derivative instruments, including whether such instruments should be recorded as liabilities or as equity, is reassessed at the end of each reporting period.
The True Up Shares issued under one of the Subscription Agreements do not qualify as equity under ASC 815-40; therefore, the True Up Shares” are required to be classified as a liability and measured at fair value with subsequent changes in fair value recorded in earnings. Changes in the estimated fair value of the derivative liability are recognized as a non-cash gain or loss on the condensed consolidated statements of operations. The fair value of the derivative liability is discussed in Note 11 — Fair Value Measurements.
The Subject Vesting Shares liability was an assumed liability of XPDB in the Merger as described in Note 4 – Recapitalization. The Subject Vesting Shares vested and are no longer subject to forfeiture as described in Note 4 – Recapitalization. They do not meet the “fixed-for-fixed” criterion and thus are not considered indexed to the Company’s stock price. As such, management determined that the Subject Vesting Shares should be classified as a liability and recognized at fair value at each reporting period with changes in fair value included in earnings. The estimated fair value of the Subject Vesting Shares was determined utilizing a Monte Carlo simulation, with underlying forecast mathematics based on geometric Brownian motion in a risk-neutral framework. The Calculation of the value of the Subject Vesting Shares considered the $12.00 and $14.00 vesting conditions in addition to the vesting related to the milestones associated with the Earnout Shares. Management’s valuation of the Subject Vesting Shares liability involves certain assumptions requiring significant judgment and actual results may differ from assumed and estimated amounts. See Note 11 – Fair Value Measurements.
Share-Based Compensation
The Company accounts for share-based compensation arrangements granted to employees in accordance with ASC 718 by measuring the grant date fair value of the award and recognizing the resulting expense over the period during which the employee is required to perform service in exchange for the award. Equity-based compensation expense is only recognized for awards subject to performance conditions if it is probable that the performance condition will be achieved. The Company accounts for forfeitures when they occur.
The Company estimates the fair value of stock option awards subject to only a service condition on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes valuation model. The Black-Scholes model requires the use of highly subjective and complex assumptions, including the option’s expected term, price volatility of the underlying stock, risk-free interest rate and the expected dividend yield of the underlying common stock, as well as an estimate of the fair value of the common stock underlying the award.
The Company estimates the fair value of Earnout Shares awards to employees, which are considered compensatory awards and accounted for under ASC 718 using the Monte-Carlo simulation model. The Monte-Carlo simulation model was selected as the valuation methodology for the Earnout Shares due to the path-dependent nature of triggering events. Under ASC 718, such Earnout shares are measured at fair value as of the grant date and expense is recognized over the applicable time-based vesting period (the triggering event is a market condition and does not impact expense recognition). The Monte-Carlo model requires the use of highly subjective and complex assumptions, estimates and judgements, including the current stock price, volatility of the underlying stock, expected term the risk-free interest rate, the selection of comparable companies, and the probability of possible future events. Changes in any or all of these estimates and assumptions or the relationships between those assumptions impact our valuations as of each valuation date and may have a material impact on the valuation of Common Stock. An increase of 100-basis points in interest rates would not have a material impact on the Company’s stock-based compensation. During the period from the date of the Business Combination through June 30, 2024 the Company did not record stock-based compensation expense associated with these Earnout Shares as the performance conditions associated with these Earnout Shares were not deemed probable of achievement. Unrecognized stock-based compensation expense for these Earnout Shares with a performance-based vesting condition that was not deemed probable of occurring as of June 30, 2024 was $13.0 million which is expected to vest subject to the performance-based vesting condition being satisfied or deemed probable.
Net Income (Loss) Per Share
Basic net income (loss) per share is computed by dividing the net loss, which is allocated based upon the proportionate amount of weighted average shares outstanding, by each class of stockholder’s stock outstanding during the period. Diluted net loss per share is computed by giving effect to all potential shares of common stock, including warrants, stock options, the Earnout Shares, True Up Shares and Subject Vesting Shares, to the extent dilutive. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, the Earnout Shares, True Up Shares and Subject Vesting Shares were not included in the calculation of dilutive net income per share as their conditions were not deemed satisfied for issuance as of June 30, 2024. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, due to a net loss the warrants and options were not included in the calculation of dilutive net loss per share as their effect would have been anti-dilutive.
For the three months ended June 30, 2024, dilutive shares included in the calculation or net income per share of common stock, utilizing the treasury stock method, were: 386,601 shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of warrants and 1,411,586 shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of stock options. For the six months ended June 30, 2024, dilutive shares included in the calculation or net income per share of common stock, utilizing the treasury stock method were: 277,001 shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of warrants and 1,360,305 shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of stock options.
The net loss per share of common stock presented in the condensed consolidated statements of operations is based on the following for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023:
New Accounting Pronouncements
Recently Issued Accounting Standards
The Company is an emerging growth company, as defined in the JOBS Act. Under the JOBS Act, emerging growth companies can delay adopting new or revised accounting standards issued subsequent to the enactment of the JOBS Act, until such time as those standards apply to private companies. The Company has elected to use this extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards that have different effective dates for public and private companies until the earlier of the date that it (i) is no longer an emerging growth company or (ii) affirmatively and irrevocably opts out of the extended transition period provided in the JOBS Act. As a result, these financial statements may not be comparable to companies that comply with the new or revised accounting pronouncements as of public company effective dates.
In June 2022, the FASB issued ASU 2022-03, “Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Fair Value Measurement of Equity Securities Subject to Contractual Sale Restrictions,” which clarifies that contractual sale restrictions are not considered in measuring fair value of equity securities and requires additional disclosures for equity securities subject to contractual sale restrictions. The standard is effective for the Company for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. The adoption of this standard is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.
In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, “Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures,” which requires disaggregated information about a reporting entity’s effective tax rate reconciliation as well as information on income taxes paid. The standard is intended to benefit investors by providing more detailed income tax disclosures that would be useful in making capital allocation decisions. The standard will be effective for the Company for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2025. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this accounting standard update on its condensed consolidated financial statements and disclosures. |
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Recapitalization |
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| RECAPITALIZATION | Note 4 — RECAPITALIZATION
On June 5, 2023, XPDB and Merger Sub entered into the Merger Agreement with Legacy Montana. On March 14, 2024, pursuant to the Merger Agreement, Merger Sub merged with and into Legacy Montana, with Legacy Montana surviving the Merger as a wholly owned subsidiary of XPDB.
As part of the Business Combination, the holders of Legacy Montana equity securities (the “Legacy Montana Equityholders”) received consideration (the “Merger Consideration”). After giving effect to the conversion of all outstanding Legacy Montana preferred units into Legacy Montana Class B common units, which occurred prior to the effective time of the Merger, the Merger Consideration was paid (i) in the case of holders of Legacy Montana Class B common units and Legacy Montana Class C common units, in the form of newly issued shares of Class A common stock, with a $10.00 value ascribed to each such share and which entitles the holder thereof to one vote per share on all matters submitted to a vote of the holders of Class A common stock, whether voting separately as a class or otherwise, (ii) in the case of holders of Legacy Montana Class A common units, in the form of newly issued shares of Class B common stock, with a $10.00 value ascribed to each such share and which entitles the holder thereof to a number of votes per share such that the Legacy Montana Equityholders as of immediately prior to the Closing, immediately following the Closing, collectively owned shares representing at least 80% of the voting power of all classes of capital stock of the recapitalized company (the “Post-Combination Company”) entitled to vote on matters submitted to a vote of the stockholders of the Post-Combination Company, and (iii) in the case of holders of Legacy Montana options, each outstanding Legacy Montana option, whether vested or unvested, were converted into an option to purchase, upon the same terms and conditions as are in effect with respect to the corresponding Legacy Montana option immediately prior to the Closing, including with respect to vesting and termination-related provisions, a number of shares of Class A common stock (rounded down to the nearest whole share) equal to the product of (x) the number of Legacy Montana common units underlying such option immediately prior to the Closing and (y) the number of shares of Class A common stock issued in respect of each Legacy Montana common unit in the Business Combination pursuant to the Merger Agreement, at an exercise price per share (rounded up to the nearest whole cent) equal to (A) the exercise price per Legacy Montana common unit underlying such option immediately prior to the Closing divided by (B) the number of shares of Class A common stock issued in respect of each Legacy Montana common unit in the Business Combination pursuant to the Merger Agreement.
Immediately prior to the Closing, 100% of the total outstanding Legacy Montana Class A common units and 7% of the total outstanding Legacy Montana Class B common units (or an aggregate of approximately 18% of the total outstanding Legacy Montana Class A units and Legacy Montana Class B units) were held by unitholders that continue as directors, officers, employees or contractors of the Post-Combination Company. The retention of certain employees who continues as directors, officers or employees of the Post-Combination Company (whose responsibilities include continued technology development and commercial execution) is integral to the achievement of the milestones that will determine whether Earnout Shares are payable. Legacy Montana does not believe that such targets are achievable absent the continued involvement of such persons. In June 2024, the Company granted equity awards (pursuant to the terms of the Incentive Plan (as defined below)) to its directors, officers and certain of its employees, and the Company expects to continue to provide competitive compensation, benefits and equity awards to key directors, officers and employees going forward in order to incentivize these individuals to continue to provide services to the Company.
The Legacy Montana Equityholders have the opportunity to receive additional equity consideration (in each case, in accordance with their respective pro rata share), and the Company has reserved shares of Class A Common Stock that may be issuable in the future upon full completion of construction and achievement of operational viability (including all permitting, regulatory approvals and necessary or useful inspections) of new production capacity of Legacy Montana’s key components or See Note 11-Fair Value Measurements for additional information on the Earnout Shares.
Upon the Closing of the Business Combination, and following the conversion of the XPDB Class B common stock to Class A common stock, the sponsor of XPDB beneficially owned 6,827,969 shares of Class A common stock, of which (i) 5,447,233 shares automatically vested (and shall not be subject to forfeiture) at the Closing and (ii) 1,380,736 shares (the “Subject Vesting Shares”) shall be vested and no longer be subject to forfeiture as follows:
On March 8, 2024, XPDB and an investor entered into a Subscription Agreement pursuant to which XPDB agreed to sell 588,235 shares of Class A common stock to the investor for an aggregate purchase price of approximately $5.0 million, contingent on the Closing of the Business Combination. The Subscription Agreement provides that, subject to certain conditions set forth therein, the Company may be required to issue to the investor up to an additional 840,336 shares of Class A common stock (the “True Up Shares”) if the trading price of the Class A common stock falls below the per share purchase price within one year of the Closing of the Business Combination. The True Up Shares are considered a variable-share obligation under ASC 480-10-25-14, and as a result were accounted for as a liability recognized at fair value at each reporting period with changes in fair value included in earnings. See Note 11 – Fair Value Measurements.
As discussed in Note 1- Organization and Business Operations, the Business Combination was consummated on March 14, 2024, which, for accounting purposes, was treated as the equivalent of Montana Technologies LLC issuing stock for the net assets of XPDB, accompanied by a recapitalization. Under this method of accounting, XPDB was treated as the acquired company for financial accounting and reporting purposes under US GAAP.
Legacy Montana was determined to be the accounting acquirer based on evaluation of the following facts and circumstances:
Transaction Proceeds
Upon closing of the Business Combination, the Company received gross proceeds of $7.5 million as a result of the Business Combination inclusive of $5.0 million from the PIPE investment, offset by total transaction costs and other fees totaling of $7.5 million. The following table reconciles the elements of the Business Combination to the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows and the condensed consolidated statement of changes in stockholders’ deficit for the three months ended March 31, 2024:
The number of shares of Common Stock issued immediately following the consummation of the Business Combination were:
The number of Legacy Montana shares was determined as follows:
Transaction Costs
During the six months ended June 30, 2024, based on the proceeds received, the Company expensed $54.7 million for transaction costs incurred in connection with the business combination, inclusive of the recognition of the earnout shares liability of $53.7 million, because the transaction costs exceeded the proceeds received in the business combination. See Note 11- Fair Value Measurements for further information on the recognition and measurement of the Earnout shares. The remaining transaction costs primarily represented fees incurred for financial advisory, legal and other professional services that were directly related to the Business Combination.
Public and private placement warrants
The 14,375,000 Public Warrants issued at the time of XPDB’s initial public offering, and 11,125,000 warrants issued in connection with private placement at the time of XPDB’s initial public offering (the “Private Placement Warrants”) remained outstanding and became warrants for the Company.
Redemption
Prior to the closing of the Business Combination, certain XPDB public shareholders exercised their right to redeem certain of their outstanding shares for cash, resulting in the redemption of 10,381,983 shares of XPDB Class A common stock for an aggregate payment of $112,697,086. |
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Equity Method Investment |
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| EQUITY METHOD INVESTMENT | Note 5 — EQUITY METHOD INVESTMENT
AirJoule, LLC
On January 25, 2024, the Company entered into a joint venture formation framework agreement (the “Framework Agreement”) with GE Ventures LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“GE Vernova”), and, solely for the purposes specified therein, GE Vernova LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“GE Vernova Parent”), pursuant to which the Company and GE Vernova agreed, subject to the terms and conditions of the Framework Agreement, including certain closing conditions specified therein, to form a joint venture (the “AirJoule JV”) in which each of the Company and GE Vernova will hold a 50% interest. The purpose of the AirJoule JV is to incorporate GE Vernova’s proprietary sorbent materials into systems that utilize the Company’s AirJoule® water capture technology and to manufacture and bring products incorporating the combined technologies to market in the Americas, Africa, and Australia.
Upon the closing of the transaction on March 4, 2024, (the “JV Closing”), each party to the agreement entered into (i) an amended and restated limited liability company agreement of the AirJoule JV (the “A&R Joint Venture Agreement”), pursuant to which, among other things, the AirJoule JV has the exclusive right to manufacture and supply products incorporating the combined technologies to leading original equipment manufacturers and customers in the Americas, Africa and Australia, (ii) master services agreements, pursuant to which, among other things, each party to the agreement agree to provide certain agreed services to the AirJoule JV for a period of at least two years following the JV Closing (unless earlier terminated by the parties thereto) and (iii) an intellectual property agreement, pursuant to which, among other things, each of the Company and GE Vernova Parent license certain intellectual property to the AirJoule JV.
Pursuant to the A&R Joint Venture Agreement, the Company contributed $10 million in cash to the AirJoule JV at the JV Closing (the “Closing Contribution”) and in June 2024, GE Vernova contributed $100 to the AirJoule JV. The Company has also agreed to contribute up to an additional $90 million in capital contributions to the AirJoule JV following the JV Closing based on a business plan and annual operating budgets to be agreed between the Company and GE Vernova. In general, for the first six years, GE Vernova has the right, but not the obligation, to make capital contributions to the AirJoule JV. Until GE Vernova elects to participate and contributes its pro-rata share of all past capital contributions and commits to contribute its pro-rata share for all future capital contributions (the “GE Match Date”), the Company shall be solely responsible for funding the AirJoule JV, and the Company shall have a distribution preference under the A&R Joint Venture Agreement for the amount of its post-closing capital contributions plus a 9.50% preferred return on such amounts.
The business and affairs of the A&R Joint Venture Agreement shall be managed by a Board of Managers, consisting of two managers (including the chairman) appointed by the Company and two managers appointed by GE Vernova. Following the second anniversary of the JV Closing, if the Board of Managers reach an impasse that cannot be resolved through the process set forth in the A&R Joint Venture Agreement, the A&R Joint Venture Agreement generally provides that the Company may require GE Vernova to sell GE Vernova’s 50% interest to the Company or GE Vernova may require the Company to purchase GE Vernova’s 50% interest, but only, in each case, if the GE Match Date has not yet occurred. The price for GE Vernova’s interest will depend on the fair market value of the interest, as set forth in the A&R Joint Venture Agreement, with a minimum value of approximately $5 million. The A&R Joint Venture Agreement also provides similar call and put rights with respect to GE Vernova’s interest if the GE Match Date does not occur by the sixth anniversary of the JV Closing or if the Company is acquired by a competitor of GE Vernova.
In the event that a change in applicable laws or regulations has a material adverse effect on GE Vernova’s interest in the AirJoule JV, or GE Vernova determines that the Company fails to meet certain financial performance benchmarks, GE Vernova may require the Company to purchase GE Vernova’s interest for a total purchase price of $1.00.
AirJoule, LLC is a variable interest entity for which the Company has determined there is shared power with GE Vernova and therefore accounts for the VIE under the equity method of accounting.
The Company applies the equity method to an investment in common stock of a nonconsolidated entity. In addition to $10.0 million in cash, the Company contributed a perpetual license in its intellectual property with a carrying value of zero in exchange for its investment in AirJoule. In applying the equity method, the Company’s investment was initially recorded at fair value on the consolidated balance sheet. As it relates to the contributed perpetual license, the Company followed the following the guidance in ASC 610-20, Sale or Transfer of Non-financial assets, which states the transfer of a license of IP that is not part of the entity’s ordinary activities, the entity should apply the licensing guidance in ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, by analogy when evaluating the recognition and measurement of consideration received in exchange for transferring the rights to the IP and record this as other income in the statement of operations. As such the Company recognized a gain of $333.5 million (and treated as a temporary item for tax purposes resulting in a deferred tax liability of approximately $87.8 million) as presented on the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations.
The Company evaluated whether there was a basis difference between the carrying value and fair value of the Company’s proportionate share of the investee’s underlying net assets. AirJoule, LLC has elected to early adopt ASU 2023-05, Business Combinations – Joint Venture Formations (Subtopic 805-60), and, as a result measured the contributed assets at fair value. AirJoule, LLC was deemed a business as defined in ASC 805 - Business Combinations, and, as such there is a basis difference between the Company’s investment and the amount recorded in member’s capital by the investee, AirJoule, LLC, related to in-process R&D and goodwill which as of June 30, 2024 have indefinite lives.
The Company determined the fair value of the IP license by applying the multi-period excess earnings method. The excess earnings valuation method estimates the value of the IP license equal to the present value of the incremental after-tax cash flows attributable to that IP license over its remaining economic life. Some of the more significant assumptions utilized in our asset valuations included projected revenues, probability of commercial success, and the discount rate. The fair value using the excess earnings valuation method was determined using an estimated weighted average cost of capital of 12.5%, which reflects the risks inherent in future cash flow projections and represents a rate of return that a market participant would expect for this asset. This fair value measurement was based on significant inputs not observable in the market and thus represent Level 3 fair value measurement.
The Company’s share of the losses reported by AirJoule, LLC are classified as equity loss from investment in AirJoule, LLC. The investment is evaluated for impairment annually and if facts and circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable, an impairment charge would be recorded.
The following tables set forth certain financial information of AirJoule, LLC as of June 30, 2024 and for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024:
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Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities |
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| Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities [Abstract] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ACCRUED EXPENSES AND OTHER CURRENT LIABILITIES | Note 6 — ACCRUED EXPENSES AND OTHER CURRENT LIABILITIES
The following table summarizes accrued expenses and other current liabilities:
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Leases |
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| Leases [Abstract] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| LEASES | Note 7 — LEASES
As discussed in Note 8 – Related Party Transactions, the Company had a property lease with a related party which terminated on March 14, 2024. Lease expenses under this lease were $0 and $6,000 for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, respectively. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, lease expenses under this lease were $8,000 and $12,000, respectively. Lease expense is included in general and administrative costs on the accompanying the condensed consolidated statements of operations.
On March 1, 2024, the Company’s entered into an operating property lease with an initial term of 5 years, with an option to extend for another five-year term which is not reasonably certain to extend. Lease expenses under this lease were $9,593 and $12,791, respectively for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 which was included in general and administrative costs in the condensed consolidated statements of operations. Total cash paid for operating leases was $2,475 per month with a remaining term of 57 months and a discount rate of 4.69%.
At June 30, 2024, approximate future minimum rental payments required under the lease agreements are as follows:
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Related Party Transactions |
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Jun. 30, 2024 | |
| Related Party Transactions [Abstract] | |
| Related Party Transactions | Note 8 — RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
Lease Agreement
The Company had a property lease agreement with its Chief Executive Officer as discussed in Note 7 – Leases. The lease agreement was terminated upon close of the Business Combination on March 14, 2024. As of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, $0 and $2,000 were owing under this agreement and included in accounts payable on the condensed consolidated balance sheets.
Consultancy Agreement
On January 1, 2019, the Company entered into a consultancy agreement with a company affiliated with the Chief Executive Officer for a monthly payment of $20,000 in exchange for the Chief Executive Officer providing services in connection with the development and sales of Company technologies and products. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, $20,000 and $80,000, respectively was accrued and included in general and administrative expenses on the condensed consolidated statement of income. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, $60,000 and $120,000, respectively was accrued and included in general and administrative expenses on the condensed consolidated statement of income. As of June 30, 2024, $0 was owing under this agreement and included in accounts payable on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. On May 1, 2024, this consultancy agreement was terminated.
Office Services Agreement
On October 31, 2020, the Company entered into a consultancy agreement with an affiliate for a monthly payment of $5,000 to provide office services. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, $5,000 and $30,000, respectively was accrued and included in research and development expenses on the condensed consolidated statement of income. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, $15,000 and $30,000, respectively was accrued for these services and included in research and development expenses on the condensed consolidated statement of income. As of June 30, 2024 and June 30, 2023, $0 and $2,500, respectively, was owed under this agreement and included in accounts payable on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. On May 1, 2024, this office services agreement was terminated.
Due to related party
Commencing on December 9, 2021, through the consummation of the initial Business Combination, XPDB agreed to pay affiliates of the sponsor a total of $20,000 per month for office space, administrative and support services. Upon the close of the Business combination, the Company assumed $540,000 related to this agreement. The balance was repaid in May 2024.
In 2023, the sponsor contributed $900,000 to the XPDB trust account in connection with extending the XPDB’s termination date pursuant to the approval of the extension amendment proposal. Upon the closing of the Business Combination, the Company assumed this balance and it was subsequently repaid in May 2024.
Related Party Equity Transactions
As described in Note 9 – Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit), Legacy Montana sold shares of Class A common stock, as well as other preferred equity that subsequently converted into shares of Class A common stock, to TEP Montana, LLC (“TEP Montana”). The Executive Chairman of the Company is the managing partner of the managing member of TEP Montana. |
Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit) |
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| Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit) [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (DEFICIT) | Note 9 — STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (DEFICIT)
Preferred Stock — The Company is authorized to issue 25,000,000 shares of preferred stock with a par value of $0.0001 per share. At June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, there were no shares of preferred stock issued and outstanding.
Class A Common stock — The Company is authorized to issue 600,000,000 shares of Class A common stock with a par value of $0.0001 per share. At June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, there were 51,016,028 shares and 32,731,583 shares of Class A common stock issued and outstanding, respectively. Each share of Class A Common Stock has one vote and has similar rights and obligations.
Class B Common stock — The Company is authorized to issue 50,000,000 shares of Class B common stock with a par value of $0.0001 per share. At June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, there were 4,759,642 shares of Class B common stock issued and outstanding. Each share entitles the holder thereof to a number of votes per share such that the Legacy Montana Equityholders as of immediately prior to the Closing, immediately following the Closing, collectively owned shares representing at least 80% of the voting power of all classes of capital stock of the Post-Combination Company entitled to vote on matters submitted to a vote of the stockholders of the Post-Combination Company.
Shares of Class B common stock shall be convertible into shares of Class A common stock on a one-for-one basis (i) at any time and from time to time at the option of the holder thereof or (ii) automatically upon on the earliest to occur of (a) the date that is seven (7) years from the date of the Second Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation and (b) the first date on which the permitted Class B owners cease to own, in the aggregate, at least 33.0% of the number of shares of Class B common stock issued and held by the permitted Class B owners immediately following the effective time of the Business Combination (or as to which the permitted Class B owners are entitled to as of such time), in each case, as equitably adjusted to reflect any stock splits, reverse stock splits, stock dividends, reorganization, recapitalization, reclassification, combination, exchange of shares or other like change or transaction, each outstanding share of Class B common stock shall automatically, without any further action by the Corporation or any stockholder, convert into one (1) fully paid and nonassessable share of Class A common stock. Following such conversion, the reissuance of all shares of Class B common stock shall be prohibited, and such shares of Class B common stock shall be retired and may not be reissued.
Warrants
In January, February and March 2024, 14 warrant holders of Legacy Montana exercised their warrants to purchase a total of 380,771 Class A common stock, as converted, for a total purchase price of $45,760.
As part of XPDB’s initial public offering (“IPO”), XPDB issued 14,375,000 warrants to third-party investors where each whole warrant entitles the holder to purchase one share of the Company’s Class A common stock at an exercise price of $11.50 per share (the “Public Warrants”). Simultaneously with the closing of the IPO, XPDB completed the private sale of 11,125,000 warrants where each warrant allows the holder to purchase one share of the Company’s Class A common stock at $11.50 per share. In June 2024, 3,942,388 of the Public Warrants were exercised on a cashless basis for a total of 705,758 Class A shares of the Company.
As of June 30, 2024, there are 10,432,596 Public Warrants and 11,125,000 Private Placement warrants outstanding.
The Private Placement Warrants (including the common stock issuable upon exercise of the Private Placement Warrants) were not transferable, assignable or saleable until 30 days after the consummation of the Business Combination (except, among other limited exceptions, to the Company’s officers and directors and other persons or entities affiliated with the XPDB’s sponsor and anchor investors) and they will not be redeemable by the Company. The Private Placement Warrants have terms and provisions that are identical to those of the Public Warrants, including as to exercise price, exercisability and exercise period, except that the Private Placement Warrants are exercisable on a cashless basis and are non-redeemable.
If holders of the Private Placement Warrants elect to exercise them on a cashless basis, they would pay the exercise price by surrendering their warrants for that number of shares of the Company’s common stock equal to the quotient obtained by dividing (x) the product of the number of shares of the Company’s common stock underlying the warrants multiplied by the excess of the “10 day average closing price” (defined below) as of the date prior to the date on which notice of exercise is sent or given to the warrant agent, less the warrant exercise price by (y) the 10 day average closing price. The “10 day average closing price” means, as of any date, the average last reported sale price (defined below) of the shares of the Company’s common stock as reported during the 10 trading day period ending on the trading day prior to such date. “Last reported sale price” means the last reported sale price of the Company’s common stock on the date on which the notice of exercise of the warrant is sent to the warrant agent.
These Public Warrants expire on the fifth anniversary of the Business Combination or earlier upon redemption or liquidation and are exercisable commencing 30 days after the Business Combination, provided that the Company has an effective registration statement under the Securities Act covering the shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of the warrants and a current prospectus relating to them is available (or the Company permits holders to exercise their warrants on a cashless basis under the circumstances specified in the warrant agreement) and registered, qualified or exempt from registration under the securities, or blue sky, laws of the state of residence of the holder.
Once the Public Warrants become exercisable, the Company may redeem the outstanding Public Warrants:
The Company accounts for the warrants issued in connection with the IPO in accordance with the guidance contained in ASC 815. Such guidance provides that the warrants described above are not precluded from equity classification. Equity-classified contracts are initially measured at fair value (or allocated value). Subsequent changes in fair value are not recognized as long as the contracts continue to be classified in equity.
Subscription Agreements
During the six months ended June 30, 2024, the Company entered into subscription agreements with various investors (the “Subscription Agreements”), which brought in approximately $61.8 million in gross proceeds. Pursuant to the Subscription Agreements entered into by Legacy Montana in the first quarter of 2024, the Company issued and sold 5,807,647 shares of the Class A common stock to investors upon the Closing, which resulted in gross proceeds of approximately $49.4 million, $43.4 million received in the first quarter of 2024 and $6.0 million in the second quarter of 2024. Of this total, TEP Montana purchased an aggregate of 5,116,176 shares in exchange for approximately $43.5 million pursuant to Subscription Agreements between Legacy Montana and TEP Montana. During the second quarter of 2024, the Company issued and sold an additional 1,238,500 shares of Class A common stock to investors pursuant to Subscription Agreements executed in the second quarter, which resulted in additional gross proceeds of approximately $12.4 million.
Equity financing
Montana Technologies LLC completed a preferred equity financing during February 2023 with TEP Montana, and issued 4,426 Series B Preferred Units in conjunction with this transaction. Upon close of the Business combination, these shares were converted to 105,331 Class A Common stock of the Company. |
Stock-Based Compensation |
6 Months Ended |
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Jun. 30, 2024 | |
| Stock-Based Compensation [Abstract] | |
| STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION | Note 10 — STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION
Legacy Montana Options
On April 5, 2023, Legacy Montana granted 383,151 options, as converted, exercisable for Class A Common stock to key team members of Legacy Montana. The options immediately vested, had an exercise price of $0.49, as converted, a term of years, and a grant date fair value of $0.14, as converted. The Company used the Black-Scholes option pricing model to estimate the fair value of stock options. Fair value was estimated at the date of grant.
In January, February and March 2024, 13 Legacy Montana option holders exercised their options to purchase a total of 2,141,839 shares of Class A common stock, as converted, for a total purchase price of $56,250. In June 2024, 1 Legacy Montana option holder exercised their options to purchase a total of 8,000 shares of Class A common stock, as converted, for a total purchase price of $3,920.
As of June 30, 2024, of the 1,327,080 Legacy Montana options that are outstanding, 594,955 options expire on December 7, 2030, 71,395 options expire on March 15, 2031, 375,151 options expire on April 4, 2030, and 285,579 options expire on April 8, 2031.
Montana Technologies Corporation 2024 Incentive Award Plan
On March 8, 2024, the holders of XPDB common stock considered and approved the Montana Technologies Corporation 2024 Incentive Award Plan (the “Incentive Plan”) and Montana Technologies Corporation 2024 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the “ESPP” and together with the Incentive Plan, the “Incentive Plans”), which became effective immediately upon the Closing on March 14, 2024. Under the Incentive Plans, the Company may grant equity and equity-based awards to certain employees, consultants and non-employee directors award, such as, (a) Incentive Stock Options (granted to employees only) , (b) Non-Qualified Stock Options, (c) Stock Appreciation Right (“SAR”), (d) Restricted Stock Units (e) Restricted Stock, (f) Restricted Stock Units, (g), including (a) incentive stock options, (b) non-qualified stock options (“NSOs”), (c) stock appreciation right, (d) restricted stock units (“RSUs”), (e) restricted stock, (f) dividend equivalents;, and (hg) other stock and cash-based awards of the Company (“Incentive Award”). The sum of any cash compensation, or other compensation, and the value (determined as of the grant date in accordance with ASC Topic 718, or any successor thereto) of awards granted to a non-employee director as compensation for services as a non-employee director during any fiscal year of the Company may not exceed $500,000 (or, with respect to the first fiscal year of the Post-Combination Company during which a non-employee director first serves as a non-employee director, $1,000,000).
On June 6, 2024, the Company issued an aggregate of 272,500 RSUs to certain employees with a grant date fair value of $10.23 per RSU. These awards vest as to 25% of the RSUs granted thereunder on each of the first four anniversaries of the applicable vesting commencement date, subject to the applicable employee’s continued service through the applicable vesting date. For the three and six months ended June 2024, the Company recognized $48,407 in compensation expense related to these RSUs which is included in general and administrative expenses on the accompanying condensed consolidated statement of operations.
On June 6, 2024, the Company issued an aggregate of 37,800 RSUs to certain non-employee directors with a grant date fair value of $10.23 per RSU. These awards vest in full on the earlier of (i) the one (1) year anniversary of the grant date and (ii) the date of the next annual shareholders’ meeting of the Company following the grant date, subject to the applicable non-employee director’s continued service through the applicable vesting date. For the three and six months ended June 2024, the Company recognized $26,853 as compensation expense related to these RSUs which is included in general and administrative expenses on the accompanying condensed consolidated statement of operations.
On June 6, 2024, the Company issued an aggregate of 717,569 NSOs to certain employees with an exercise price of $10.23 per share. One-fourth of the total number of shares of Class A common stock subject to the NSOs vest and become exercisable on the first anniversary of the grant date, and one-sixteenth of the total number of shares of Class A common stock subject to the Option shall vest and become exercisable on each three (3)-month anniversary of the grant date thereafter, subject to the applicable employee’s continued service through the applicable vesting date. The NSOs expire on June 6, 2034. For the three and six months ended June 2024, the Company recognized $48,405 in compensation expense related to these NSOs which is included in general and administrative expenses on the accompanying condensed consolidated statement of operations.
On June 6, 2024, the Company issued an aggregate of 99,540 NSOs to certain non-employee directors with an exercise price of $10.23 per share. These awards vest and become exercisable in full on the earlier of (i) the one year anniversary of the grant date and (ii) the date of the next annual shareholders’ meeting of the Company following the grant date, subject to the applicable non-employee director’s continued service through the applicable vesting date. The NSOs expire on June 6, 2034. For the three and six months ended June 2024, the Company recognized $26,854 in compensation expense related to these NSOs which is included in general and administrative expenses on the accompanying condensed consolidated statement of operations.
The fair value of the NSOs granted was determined using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model and were based on the following weighted average assumptions: Expected dividend yield – 0.00%, expected volatility – 29.51%, Risk-free interest rate - 4.18%, Expected life – 6.11 years. |
Fair Value Measurements |
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| FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS | Note 11 — FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS
Items Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis:
The Company accounts for certain liabilities at fair value on a recurring basis and classifies these liabilities within the fair value hierarchy (Level 1, Level 2, or Level 3).
Liabilities subject to fair value measurements are as follows:
Earnout Shares
The Legacy Montana Equityholders have the opportunity to receive additional equity consideration (in each case, in accordance with their respective pro rata share) through the Earnout Shares. The maximum value of the Earnout Shares is capped at $200 million (“Maximum Earnout Milestone Amount”) and the ability to receive Earnout Shares expires on the fifth anniversary of the Closing. A majority of the independent members of the Post-Combination Company Board then serving has sole discretion in determining, among other things, the achievement of the applicable milestones, the calculations of payments of Earnout Shares to the applicable Legacy Montana Equityholders, the dates on which construction and operational viability of new production capacity is deemed completed and whether to consent to a transfer of the applicable Legacy Montana Equityholder’s right to receive Earnout Shares. Earnout Shares issuable in respect of Legacy Montana options outstanding as of immediately prior to the effective time of the Merger may be issued to the holder of such Legacy Montana option only if such holder continues to provide services (whether as an employee, director or individual independent contractor) to the Post-Combination Company or one of its subsidiaries through the date on which such Earnout Shares are issued, as determined by a majority of the independent members of the Post-Combination Company Board.
If the conditions for payment of the Earnout Shares are satisfied and assuming all originally designated employees are then still providing services to the Post-Combination Company on the date such condition is met, approximately 21% of the aggregate Earnout Shares will be payable to the employees and 79% of the aggregate Earnout Shares will be payable to the holders of Legacy Montana common units, in accordance with their respective pro rata share immediately following the Closing.
The settlement of the Earnout Shares to the holders of Legacy Montana common units contains variations in something other than the fair value of the issuer’s equity shares. As such, management determined that they should be classified as a liability and recognized at fair value at each reporting period with changes in fair value included in earnings. The Earnout Shares to employees are subject to ASC 718 and are accounted for as post-combination compensation cost.
The estimated fair value of the Earnout Shares was determined with a Monte Carlo simulation using a distribution of potential outcomes for expected EBITDA and stock price at expected commission dates, utilizing a correlation coefficient for EBITDA and stock price, and assuming $50 million of Annualized EBITDA per production line, with six production lines commissioned over a five-year period. EBITDA was discounted to the valuation date with a weighted average cost of capital estimate and forecasted to each estimated commission date. Earnout mechanics at each estimated commission date were assessed, and if the Earnout Thresholds were achieved, the future value of the Earnout Shares was discounted to the valuation date utilizing a risk-free rate commensurate with the overall term. The commission dates used reflected XPDB’s management’s best estimates regarding the time to complete full construction and operational viability of a production line, including all permitting, regulatory approvals and necessary or useful inspections. The Earnout term of 5 years and the Earnout mechanics which impact the timing of future cash flows represent contractual inputs. Assumptions such as risk-free rate, stock price, volatility, and discount rate were based on market data. See the following summary of key inputs:
The following table presents the changes in the fair value of the Earnout Shares liability at June 30, 2024:
As of June 30, 2024 and March 14, 2024, the estimated fair value of all the Earnout Shares ($48.3 million and $53.7 million, respectively) represents approximately 4,627,294 Earnout Shares, respectively. The Earnout Shares liability in the preceding table represent the fair value of the contingent obligation to issue Earnout Shares to Legacy Montana Equityholders (excluding the shares to employees accounted for under ASC 718) upon the achievement of certain Earnout milestones. For the six months ended June 30, 2024, the change in the fair value of the earnout liability primarily relates to changes in the timing of cash flows, a decrease in the stock price and an increase in the volatility.
True Up Shares liability
As discussed in Note 4 - Recapitalization, on March 8, 2024, XPDB and an investor entered into a Subscription Agreement pursuant to which XPDB agreed to sell 588,235 shares of Class A common stock to the investor for an aggregate purchase price of approximately $5.0 million, contingent on the Closing of the Business Combination. The Subscription Agreement provides that, subject to certain conditions set forth therein, the Company may be required to issue to the investor up to an additional 840,336 shares of Class A common stock (“True Up Shares”) if the trading price of the Class A common stock falls below the per share purchase price within one year of the Closing of the Business Combination. The True Up Shares were accounted for as a liability recognized at fair value at each reporting period with changes in fair value included in earnings. See Note 11 – Fair Value Measurements.
The following table presents the changes in the fair value of the True Up Shares liability at June 30, 2024:
The estimated fair value of the true up share liability was determined utilizing a Monte Carlo simulation, with underlying forecast mathematics based on geometric Brownian motion in a risk-neutral framework. The Calculation of the value of the True Up Shares considered the 15-day average price over the one-year period following the Closing Date.
Subject Vesting Shares liability
In connection with the execution of the Merger Agreement and pursuant to the terms of the sponsor support agreement (the “Sponsor Support Agreement”) entered into among the XPDB sponsor (the “Sponsor”), XPDB, Legacy Montana and other holders of XPDB’s Class B common stock, $0.0001 par value per share (the “XPDB Class B common stock”), the Sponsor and the other holders of XPDB Class B common stock agreed to, among other things, (i) vote any XPDB Class A common stock, $0.0001 par value per share (the “Class A common stock”), of XPDB or XPDB Class B common stock (collectively, the “Sponsor Securities”), held of record or thereafter acquired in favor of the proposals presented by XPDB at a special meeting to approve the proposed Business Combination, (ii) be bound by certain other covenants and agreements related to the proposed Business Combination, (iii) be bound by certain transfer restrictions with respect to the Sponsor Securities and (iv) waive certain antidilution protections with respect to the Sponsor Securities, in each case, on the terms and subject to the conditions set forth in the Sponsor Support Agreement.
In addition, pursuant to the terms of the Sponsor Support Agreement, the Sponsor (i) agreed to waive its redemption rights with respect to any Sponsor Securities in connection with the completion of a Business Combination (which waiver was provided in connection with the IPO and without any separate consideration paid in connection with providing such waiver), (ii) agreed not to transfer any public shares and founder shares held by it during the time prior to Closing or the termination of the Business Combination Agreement, (iii) agreed to waive anti-dilution protections and (iv) and agreed to subject certain of the shares of Combined Company Class A common stock held by Sponsor following the conversion of the founder shares as of the Closing to certain vesting provisions. Specifically, and as described above in Note 4 – Recapitalization, the Sponsor Support Agreement provides that as of immediately prior to (but subject to) the Closing, the Subject Vesting Shares will be subject to an earnout, with the Subject Vesting Shares vesting during the period beginning on the date of Closing and ending five (5) years following the date of Closing (i) simultaneously with the issuance of the Earnout Shares made to the Legacy Montana Equityholders in a proportionate amount to the payment achieved in relation to the maximum issuance of Earnout Shares of equity interests of $200 million (the “Performance Vesting Trigger”) and (ii) up to 50% of the Subject Vesting Shares (including any vested Subject Vesting Shares from the Performance Vesting Trigger) vesting on any day following the Closing when the closing price of a share of Combined Company Class A common stock on the Nasdaq (the “Closing Share Price”) equals or exceeds $12.00 (as adjusted for stock splits, stock dividends, reorganizations, recapitalizations and the like) and all remaining Subject Vesting Shares vesting when the Closing Share Price equals or exceeds $14.00 (as adjusted for stock splits, stock dividends, reorganizations, recapitalizations and the like).
The following table presents the changes in the fair value of the Subject Vesting Shares liability at June 30, 2024:
The estimated fair value of the Subject Vesting Share liability was determined utilizing a Monte Carlo simulation, with underlying forecast mathematics based on geometric Brownian motion in a risk-neutral framework. The calculation of the value of the Subject Vesting Shares considered the $12.00 and $14.00 vesting conditions in addition to the vesting related to the Earnout Milestone Amount.
Items Measured at Fair Value on a Nonrecurring Basis:
In addition to items that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis, the Company measures certain assets and liabilities at fair value on a nonrecurring basis, which are not included in the table above. As these nonrecurring fair value measurements are generally determined using unobservable inputs, these fair value measurements are classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. For further information see Note 5 – Equity Method Investment. |
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Commitments and Contingencies |
6 Months Ended | ||||||||||
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Jun. 30, 2024 | |||||||||||
| Commitments and Contingencies [Abstract] | |||||||||||
| COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES | Note 12 — COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
The Company is involved in various legal matters arising in the normal course of business. In the opinion of the Company’s management and legal counsel, the amount of losses that may be sustained, if any, would not have a material effect on the financial position and results of operations of the Company.
Risks and Uncertainties
The Company, as an early-stage business without any current operations, product sales or revenue, has historically been dependent upon the sourcing of external capital to fund its overhead and product development costs. This is a typical situation for any early-stage company without product sales to be in.
License Agreement
In October 2021, the Company entered into a patent license agreement with a third party whereby the third party granted the Company rights to use certain of their patents in exchange for an upfront payment and royalties based on a percentage of net sales until such patents expire. In connection with this, the Company agreed to a minimum royalty amount of which $62,500 and $37,500 was expensed for the three months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively and $125,000 and $62,500 was expensed for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. At June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, $125,000 and $150,000, respectively, was accrued by the Company in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets.
Future minimum royalties are as follows as of June 30, 2024:
Joint Venture Agreement
On October 27, 2021, the Company entered into a joint venture with CATL US Inc. (“CATL US”), an affiliate of CATL, pursuant to which we and CATL US formed CAMT Climate Solutions Ltd., a limited liability company organized under the laws of Hong Kong (“CAMT”). The Company and CATL US both own 50% of CAMT’s issued and outstanding shares.
Pursuant to the Amended and Restated Joint Venture Agreement for CAMT, entered into on September 29, 2023 (the “A&R Joint Venture Agreement”), the Company and CATL US have each agreed to contribute $6 million to CAMT. Of this $6 million, we expect to make an initial contribution of $2 million prior to December 31, 2024, with the remaining $4 million contributed when requested by CAMT based on a business plan and operating budgets to be agreed between us and CATL US. Any additional financing beyond the initial $12 million (i.e., $6 million from each of the Company and CATL US) will be subject to the prior mutual agreement of the Company and CATL US. CAMT is managed by a four-member board of directors, with two directors (including the chairman) designated by CATL US and two directors (including the vice chairman) designated by the Company. In the event of an equal vote, the chairman may cast the deciding vote. Certain reserved matters, including debt issuances exceeding $5 million in a single transaction or in aggregate within a fiscal year, amendments to CAMT’s constitutional documents the annual financial budget of CAMT, and any transaction between CAMT and CATL US or the Company in an amount exceeding $10 million in a single transaction or in aggregate within a fiscal year, require the unanimous vote of both CATL US and the Company or all directors. As of June 30, 2024, no amount was funded to CAMT.
The purpose of the Company’s joint venture with CATL US is to commercialize our AirJoule technology in Asia and Europe and, pursuant to the A&R Joint Venture Agreement, CAMT has the exclusive right to commercialize our AirJoule technology in those territories. Subject to the oversight of CAMT’s board, CATL US is responsible for managing the day-to-day operations of CAMT (including the nomination and replacement of the Chief Executive Officer of CAMT), and is responsible for providing CAMT and any subsidiaries formed by CAMT with, among other things, administrative services, supply chain support, assistance in obtaining required permits and approvals, and assistance in purchasing or leasing land and equipment. The Company’s financial statements do not reflect any accounting for CAMT as no assets (including IP) or cash have been contributed to CAMT and there has been no activity as of June 30, 2024.
Letter Agreement
On January 7, 2024, the Legacy Montana entered into a letter agreement (the “Letter Agreement”) with XPDB and Carrier Corporation, an affiliate of Carrier Global Corporation (NYSE: CARR), a global leader in intelligent climate and energy solutions (collectively with its affiliates, “Carrier”), pursuant to which Carrier, XPDB and the Company agreed, among other things, to provide Carrier the right to nominate one (1) designee, subject to the approval of the Company, for election to the board of directors for so long as Carrier satisfies certain investment conditions, following the Business Combination. Pursuant to the terms of the agreement, Carrier has nominated its director. |
Pay vs Performance Disclosure - USD ($) |
3 Months Ended | 6 Months Ended | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Jun. 30, 2024 |
Mar. 31, 2024 |
Jun. 30, 2023 |
Mar. 31, 2023 |
Jun. 30, 2024 |
Jun. 30, 2023 |
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| Pay vs Performance Disclosure | ||||||
| Net Income (Loss) | $ 13,429,895 | $ 181,555,292 | $ (3,037,844) | $ (834,627) | $ 194,985,187 | $ (3,872,471) |
Insider Trading Arrangements |
3 Months Ended |
|---|---|
Jun. 30, 2024 | |
| Trading Arrangements, by Individual | |
| Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted | false |
| Non-Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted | false |
| Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Terminated | false |
| Non-Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Terminated | false |
Accounting Policies, by Policy (Policies) |
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| Summary of Significant Accounting Policies [Abstract] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Basis of Presentation and principles of Consolidation | Basis of Presentation and principles of Consolidation The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with GAAP, expressed in U.S. dollars. The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments including normal recurring adjustments, which, in the opinion of the Company’s management, are necessary to present fairly the financial position, results of operations and cash flows for the periods presented in accordance with GAAP. References to GAAP issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) in these accompanying notes to the financial statements are to the FASB Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”). The condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming the Company will continue as a going concern. The Company owns a noncontrolling interest (50%) in an unconsolidated joint venture with GE Ventures LLC, the AirJoule JV. The investment in the Company’s unconsolidated affiliate is accounted for using the equity method with the Company’s proportionate share of income or loss recognized within equity in net income of unconsolidated affiliate (“equity income”) in its consolidated statements of earnings. See further discussion of the Company’s unconsolidated affiliate in Note 5 Equity Method Investment.
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| Use of Estimates | Use of Estimates The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires the Company’s management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and reported amounts of expenses during the reporting period. Some of the more significant estimates include estimates of amortization and depreciation, fair values of liabilities associated with the Earnout Shares, True Up Shares and Subject Vesting Shares (as such terms are defined in Note 4 Recapitalization), consolidation analysis of JVs and other entities (including determination of primary beneficiary, VIE and consolidation), fair value of the initial investment in the AirJoule JV, income taxes and estimates relating to leases. Due to the uncertainty involved in making estimates, actual results could differ from those estimates, which could have a material effect on the financial condition and results of operations in future periods. |
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| Cash and Concentration of Credit Risk | Cash and Concentration of Credit Risk The Company considers all highly liquid investments with a maturity of 90 days or less at the time of purchase to be cash equivalents. The carrying values of cash and cash equivalents approximate their fair values due to the short-term nature of these instruments. As of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, there were cash equivalents on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets. The Company maintains cash balances at financial institutions that may exceed the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation’s insurance limits. The amounts over these insured limits as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 were $34,083,529 and $114,254, respectively. The Company mitigates this concentration of credit risk by monitoring the credit worthiness of the financial institutions. No losses have been incurred to date on any deposits. |
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| Business Combinations | Business Combinations The Company evaluates whether acquired net assets should be accounted for as a business combination or an asset acquisition by first applying a screen test to determine whether substantially all of the fair value of the gross assets acquired is concentrated in a single identifiable asset or group of similar identifiable assets. If so, the transaction is accounted for as an asset acquisition. If not, the Company applies its judgement to determine whether the acquired net assets meet the definition of a business by considering if the set includes an acquired input, process, and the ability to create outputs. The Company accounts for business combinations using the acquisition method when it has obtained control. The Company measures goodwill as the fair value of the consideration transferred, including the fair value of any non-controlling interest recognized, less the net recognized amount of the identifiable assets acquired and liabilities combined, all measured at their fair value as of the acquisition date. Transaction costs, other than those associated with the issuance of debt or equity securities, that the Company incurs in connection with a business combination are expensed as incurred. Any contingent consideration is measured at fair value at the acquisition date. For contingent consideration that does not meet all the criteria for equity classification, such contingent consideration is required to be recorded at its initial fair value at the acquisition date, and on each balance sheet date thereafter. Changes in the estimated fair value of liability-classified contingent consideration are recognized on the consolidated statements of operations in the period of change. |
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| Equity Method Investment | Equity Method Investment In accordance with ASC 323, Investments - Equity Method and Joint Ventures, investments in entities over which the Company does not have a controlling financial interest but has significant influence are accounted for using the equity method, with the Company’s share of earnings or losses reported in earnings or losses from equity method investments on the statements of operations. Under the equity method, the Company’s investments are initially measured and recognized using the cost accumulation model following the guidance in ASC 805-50-30. After initial recognition, the consolidated financial statements include the Company’s share of undistributed earnings or losses, and impairment, if any, until the date on which significant influence ceases. The Company’s equity method investments are assessed for impairment whenever changes in the facts and circumstances indicate a loss in value may have occurred. When a loss is deemed to have occurred and is other than temporary, the carrying value of the equity method investment is written down to fair value. In evaluating whether a loss is other than temporary, the Company considers the length of time for which the conditions have existed and its intent and ability to hold the investment.
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| Property and Equipment | Property and Equipment Property and equipment is carried at cost less accumulated depreciation and includes expenditures that substantially increase the useful lives of existing property and equipment. Maintenance, repairs and minor renovations are charged to expense as incurred. When property and equipment is retired or otherwise disposed of, the related costs and accumulated depreciation are removed from their respective accounts, and any difference between the sale proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset is recognized as a gain or loss on disposal in the statements of income. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the various classes of depreciable assets. The lives used in computing depreciation for significant asset classes are as follow:
The estimated useful lives and depreciation methods are reviewed at each year-end, with the effect of any changes in estimates accounted for prospectively. All depreciation expenses are included with depreciation and amortization in the condensed consolidated statements of operations. |
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| Leases | Leases The Company determines if an arrangement is a lease at inception. Operating lease right-of-use asset (“ROU asset”) and short-term and long-term lease liability are included on the face of the condensed consolidated balance sheets. ROU asset represents the right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liability represents the Company’s obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. An operating lease ROU asset and liability are recognized at the commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. As typically the Company’s leases do not provide an implicit rate, the Company uses an incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at commencement date over the respective lease term in determining the present value of lease payments. The Company’s lease terms may include options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that the Company will exercise that option. Lease expense for lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. For lease agreements with terms less than 12 months, the Company has elected the short-term lease measurement and recognition exemption, and it recognizes such lease payments on a straight-line basis over the lease term. |
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| Warrants | Warrants The Company determines the accounting classification of warrants it issues as either liability or equity classified by first assessing whether the warrants meet liability classification in accordance with ASC 480-10, Accounting for Certain Financial Instruments with Characteristics of both Liabilities and Equity (“ASC 480”), then in accordance with ASC 815-40 (“ASC 815”), Accounting for Derivative Financial Instruments Indexed to, and Potentially Settled in, a Company’s Own Stock. In order for a warrant to be classified in stockholders’ deficit, the warrant must be (i) indexed to the Company’s equity and (ii) meet the conditions for equity classification. If a warrant does not meet the conditions for stockholders’ deficit classification, it is carried on the condensed consolidated balance sheets as a warrant liability measured at fair value, with subsequent changes in the fair value of the warrant recorded in other non-operating losses (gains) in the consolidated statements of operations. If a warrant meets both conditions for equity classification, the warrant is initially recorded, at its relative fair value on the date of issuance, in stockholders’ deficit in the condensed consolidated balance sheets, and the amount initially recorded is not subsequently remeasured at fair value.
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| Income Taxes | Income Taxes Prior to the Business Combination on March 14, 2024, the Company was a limited liability company (“LLC”) and treated as a partnership for income tax purpose. As a Partnership, the Company was not directly liable for federal income taxes. As of the date of the Business Combination, the operations of the Company ceased to be taxed as a partnership resulting in a change in tax status for federal and state income tax purposes. The Company follows the asset and liability method of accounting for income taxes under ASC Topic 740, Income Taxes (“ASC 740”). Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that is included in the enactment date. Valuation allowances are established, when necessary, to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount expected to be realized. During the six months ended June 30, 2024, as a result of our contribution to AirJoule, LLC of a perpetual license to our intellectual property, measured at fair value resulting in a book gain, a temporary difference between book and tax arose. The temporary difference resulted in the recognition of a deferred tax expenses and deferred tax liabilities of approximately $87.8 million. This expense was partially offset by the recognition of deferred tax assets in connection with the Company now being a corporation through the Business Combination. ASC 740 prescribes a recognition threshold and a measurement attribute for the financial statement recognition and measurement of tax positions taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. For those benefits to be recognized, a tax position must be more likely than not to be sustained upon examination by taxing authorities. The Company recognizes accrued interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits as income tax expense. Management has evaluated the Company’s tax positions, including its previous status as a pass-through entity for federal and state tax purposes, and has determined that the Company has taken no uncertain tax positions that require adjustment to the condensed consolidated financial statements. The Company’s reserve related to uncertain tax positions was zero as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023. There were unrecognized tax benefits, and no amounts accrued for interest and penalties as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023. The Company is currently not aware of any issues under review that could result in significant payments, accruals or material deviation from its position. |
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| Research and Development Cost | Research and Development Cost The Company accounts for research and development cost (“R&D”) in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 730, “Research and Development.” R&D represents costs incurred in performing research aimed at the discovery of new knowledge and the advancement of techniques to bring significant improvements to products and processes. Costs incurred in developing a product include consulting, engineering, construction and costs incurred to build prototypes. |
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| Fair Value of Financial Instruments | Fair Value of Financial Instruments Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset, or the amount paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. There is a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs used to measure fair value. The hierarchy gives the highest priority to quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1 measurement) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3 measurement). The Company classifies fair value balances based on the observability of those inputs. The three levels of the fair value hierarchy are as follows:
In some circumstances, the inputs used to measure fair value might be categorized within different levels of the fair value hierarchy. In those instances, the fair value measurement is categorized in its entirety in the fair value hierarchy based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The Company establishes the fair value of its assets and liabilities using the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date and establishes a fair value hierarchy based on the inputs used to measure fair value. The recorded amounts of certain financial instruments, including accounts payable, accrued expenses, and other current liabilities approximate fair value due to their relatively short maturities. See Note 5 – Equity Method Investment for measurements of the Investment in AirJoule, LLC measured utilizing level 3 inputs as of March 4, 2024. See Note 11 – Fair Value Measurements for measurements of the Earnout Shares, True Up Shares and Subject Vesting Shares, measured utilizing level 3 inputs as of June 30, 2024 and March 14, 2024.
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| Earnout Shares Liability | Earnout Shares Liability In connection with the reverse recapitalization and pursuant to the Business Combination Agreement, eligible former Legacy Montana Equityholders (as defined below) are entitled to receive additional shares of Common Stock upon the Company achieving certain milestones. See Note 4 – Recapitalization. The settlement of the Earnout Shares to the Legacy Montana Equityholders depends on factors other than just the Company’s stock price. As such, management determined that the Earnout Shares should be classified as a liability and recognized at fair value at each reporting period with changes in fair value included in earnings. We estimated fair value of the Earnout Shares with a Monte Carlo simulation using a distribution of potential outcomes for expected earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization (“EBITDA”) and stock price at expected commission dates, utilizing a correlation coefficient for EBITDA and stock price, and assuming $50 million of Annualized EBITDA per production line, with six production lines commissioned over a five-year period. EBITDA was discounted to the valuation date with a weighted average cost of capital estimate and forecasted to each estimated commission date. Earnout mechanics at each estimated commission date were assessed, and if the earnout thresholds were achieved, the future value of the Earnout Shares was discounted to the valuation date utilizing a risk-free rate commensurate with the overall term. The commission dates used reflected management’s best estimates regarding the time to complete full construction and achieve operational viability of a production line, including all permitting, regulatory approvals and necessary or useful inspections. The 5 year term and overall settlement mechanics for the Earnout Shares represent contractual inputs. Management’s valuation of the Earnout Shares liability involves certain assumptions requiring significant judgment and actual results may differ from assumed and estimated amounts. The Company determined the Earnout Shares associated with employees are accounted for as compensation expense under FASB ASC Topic 718, Share-based Compensation (“ASC 718”). See “Share-Based Compensation” below. |
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| Derivative Financial Instruments and Other Financial Instruments Carried at Fair Value | Derivative Financial Instruments and Other Financial Instruments Carried at Fair Value The Company does not use derivative instruments to hedge exposures to cash flow, market, or foreign currency risks. The Company evaluates all of its financial instruments, including the True Up Shares issued in connection with the Subscription Agreement and the Subject Vesting Shares issued in connection with the Business Combination, to determine if such instruments are derivatives or contain features that qualify as embedded derivatives, pursuant to ASC 480 and FASB ASC Topic 815, “Derivatives and Hedging” (“ASC 815”). The classification of derivative instruments, including whether such instruments should be recorded as liabilities or as equity, is reassessed at the end of each reporting period. The True Up Shares issued under one of the Subscription Agreements do not qualify as equity under ASC 815-40; therefore, the True Up Shares” are required to be classified as a liability and measured at fair value with subsequent changes in fair value recorded in earnings. Changes in the estimated fair value of the derivative liability are recognized as a non-cash gain or loss on the condensed consolidated statements of operations. The fair value of the derivative liability is discussed in Note 11 — Fair Value Measurements. The Subject Vesting Shares liability was an assumed liability of XPDB in the Merger as described in Note 4 – Recapitalization. The Subject Vesting Shares vested and are no longer subject to forfeiture as described in Note 4 – Recapitalization. They do not meet the “fixed-for-fixed” criterion and thus are not considered indexed to the Company’s stock price. As such, management determined that the Subject Vesting Shares should be classified as a liability and recognized at fair value at each reporting period with changes in fair value included in earnings. The estimated fair value of the Subject Vesting Shares was determined utilizing a Monte Carlo simulation, with underlying forecast mathematics based on geometric Brownian motion in a risk-neutral framework. The Calculation of the value of the Subject Vesting Shares considered the $12.00 and $14.00 vesting conditions in addition to the vesting related to the milestones associated with the Earnout Shares. Management’s valuation of the Subject Vesting Shares liability involves certain assumptions requiring significant judgment and actual results may differ from assumed and estimated amounts. See Note 11 – Fair Value Measurements. |
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| Share-Based Compensation | Share-Based Compensation The Company accounts for share-based compensation arrangements granted to employees in accordance with ASC 718 by measuring the grant date fair value of the award and recognizing the resulting expense over the period during which the employee is required to perform service in exchange for the award. Equity-based compensation expense is only recognized for awards subject to performance conditions if it is probable that the performance condition will be achieved. The Company accounts for forfeitures when they occur. The Company estimates the fair value of stock option awards subject to only a service condition on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes valuation model. The Black-Scholes model requires the use of highly subjective and complex assumptions, including the option’s expected term, price volatility of the underlying stock, risk-free interest rate and the expected dividend yield of the underlying common stock, as well as an estimate of the fair value of the common stock underlying the award.
The Company estimates the fair value of Earnout Shares awards to employees, which are considered compensatory awards and accounted for under ASC 718 using the Monte-Carlo simulation model. The Monte-Carlo simulation model was selected as the valuation methodology for the Earnout Shares due to the path-dependent nature of triggering events. Under ASC 718, such Earnout shares are measured at fair value as of the grant date and expense is recognized over the applicable time-based vesting period (the triggering event is a market condition and does not impact expense recognition). The Monte-Carlo model requires the use of highly subjective and complex assumptions, estimates and judgements, including the current stock price, volatility of the underlying stock, expected term the risk-free interest rate, the selection of comparable companies, and the probability of possible future events. Changes in any or all of these estimates and assumptions or the relationships between those assumptions impact our valuations as of each valuation date and may have a material impact on the valuation of Common Stock. An increase of 100-basis points in interest rates would not have a material impact on the Company’s stock-based compensation. During the period from the date of the Business Combination through June 30, 2024 the Company did not record stock-based compensation expense associated with these Earnout Shares as the performance conditions associated with these Earnout Shares were not deemed probable of achievement. Unrecognized stock-based compensation expense for these Earnout Shares with a performance-based vesting condition that was not deemed probable of occurring as of June 30, 2024 was $13.0 million which is expected to vest subject to the performance-based vesting condition being satisfied or deemed probable. |
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| Net Income (Loss) Per Share | Net Income (Loss) Per Share Basic net income (loss) per share is computed by dividing the net loss, which is allocated based upon the proportionate amount of weighted average shares outstanding, by each class of stockholder’s stock outstanding during the period. Diluted net loss per share is computed by giving effect to all potential shares of common stock, including warrants, stock options, the Earnout Shares, True Up Shares and Subject Vesting Shares, to the extent dilutive. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, the Earnout Shares, True Up Shares and Subject Vesting Shares were not included in the calculation of dilutive net income per share as their conditions were not deemed satisfied for issuance as of June 30, 2024. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, due to a net loss the warrants and options were not included in the calculation of dilutive net loss per share as their effect would have been anti-dilutive. For the three months ended June 30, 2024, dilutive shares included in the calculation or net income per share of common stock, utilizing the treasury stock method, were: 386,601 shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of warrants and 1,411,586 shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of stock options. For the six months ended June 30, 2024, dilutive shares included in the calculation or net income per share of common stock, utilizing the treasury stock method were: 277,001 shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of warrants and 1,360,305 shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of stock options. The net loss per share of common stock presented in the condensed consolidated statements of operations is based on the following for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023:
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| New Accounting Pronouncements | New Accounting Pronouncements Recently Issued Accounting Standards The Company is an emerging growth company, as defined in the JOBS Act. Under the JOBS Act, emerging growth companies can delay adopting new or revised accounting standards issued subsequent to the enactment of the JOBS Act, until such time as those standards apply to private companies. The Company has elected to use this extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards that have different effective dates for public and private companies until the earlier of the date that it (i) is no longer an emerging growth company or (ii) affirmatively and irrevocably opts out of the extended transition period provided in the JOBS Act. As a result, these financial statements may not be comparable to companies that comply with the new or revised accounting pronouncements as of public company effective dates. In June 2022, the FASB issued ASU 2022-03, “Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Fair Value Measurement of Equity Securities Subject to Contractual Sale Restrictions,” which clarifies that contractual sale restrictions are not considered in measuring fair value of equity securities and requires additional disclosures for equity securities subject to contractual sale restrictions. The standard is effective for the Company for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. The adoption of this standard is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements and related disclosures. In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, “Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures,” which requires disaggregated information about a reporting entity’s effective tax rate reconciliation as well as information on income taxes paid. The standard is intended to benefit investors by providing more detailed income tax disclosures that would be useful in making capital allocation decisions. The standard will be effective for the Company for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2025. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this accounting standard update on its condensed consolidated financial statements and disclosures. |
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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Tables) |
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| Summary of Significant Accounting Policies [Abstract] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Schedule of Estimated Useful Lives | The lives used
in computing depreciation for significant asset classes are as follow:
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| Schedule of Net Loss Per Share of Common Stock Presented in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations | The net loss per share of common stock presented
in the condensed consolidated statements of operations is based on the following for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 and
2023:
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Recapitalization (Tables) |
6 Months Ended | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Jun. 30, 2024 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Recapitalization [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Schedule of Business Combination | The following table
reconciles the elements of the Business Combination to the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows and the condensed consolidated
statement of changes in stockholders’ deficit for the three months ended March 31, 2024:
|
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| Schedule of Common Stock Issued | The
number of shares of Common Stock issued immediately following the consummation of the Business Combination were:
|
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| Schedule of the Number of Legacy Montana Shares | The
number of Legacy Montana shares was determined as follows:
|
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Equity Method Investment (Tables) |
6 Months Ended | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Jun. 30, 2024 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Equity Method Investment [Abstract] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Schedule of Financial Information | The following tables set forth certain financial
information of AirJoule, LLC as of June 30, 2024 and for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024:
|
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| Schedule of Condensed Income Statement |
|
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Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities (Tables) |
6 Months Ended | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Jun. 30, 2024 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities [Abstract] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Schedule of Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities | The following table summarizes
accrued expenses and other current liabilities:
|
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Leases (Tables) |
6 Months Ended | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Jun. 30, 2024 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Leases [Abstract] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Schedule of Future Minimum Rental Payments | At
June 30, 2024, approximate future minimum rental payments required under the lease agreements are as follows:
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Fair Value Measurements (Tables) |
6 Months Ended | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Jun. 30, 2024 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fair Value Measurements [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Schedule of Company’s Assets that are Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis | Liabilities
subject to fair value measurements are as follows:
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Schedule of Estimated Fair Value Earnout Shares | Assumptions such as risk-free rate, stock price,
volatility, and discount rate were based on market data. See the following summary of key inputs:
|
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| Schedule of Earnout Share Liability | The following table presents the changes in the
fair value of the Earnout Shares liability at June 30, 2024:
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Schedule of Changes in the Fair Value of the True Up Shares liability | The
following table presents the changes in the fair value of the True Up Shares liability at June 30, 2024:
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Schedule of Vesting Shares Liability | The following table presents the changes in the
fair value of the Subject Vesting Shares liability at June 30, 2024:
|
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Commitments and Contingencies (Tables) |
6 Months Ended | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Jun. 30, 2024 | |||||||||||
| Commitments and Contingencies [Abstract] | |||||||||||
| Schedule of Future Minimum Royalties | Future minimum royalties are as follows as of June 30, 2024:
|
Organization and Business Operations (Details) - shares |
6 Months Ended | |
|---|---|---|
Jun. 30, 2024 |
Jan. 25, 2024 |
|
| Organization and Business Operations [Line Items] | ||
| Interest percentage | 50.00% | 50.00% |
| Class A Common Stock [Member] | Legacy Montana’s [Member] | ||
| Organization and Business Operations [Line Items] | ||
| Newly issued shares | 23.8 | |
| Class A Common Stock [Member] | Montana Technologies Corporation [Member] | ||
| Organization and Business Operations [Line Items] | ||
| Shares issued | 23.8 | |
| Class B Common Stock [Member] | Legacy Montana’s [Member] | ||
| Organization and Business Operations [Line Items] | ||
| Newly issued shares | 23.8 |
Liquidity and Capital Resources (Details) - USD ($) |
6 Months Ended | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Jun. 30, 2024 |
May 31, 2024 |
Mar. 31, 2024 |
Jun. 30, 2024 |
Dec. 31, 2023 |
Jun. 30, 2023 |
Dec. 31, 2022 |
|
| Liquidity and Capital Resources [Line Items] | |||||||
| Accumulated deficit | $ 177,817,086 | $ 177,817,086 | $ (17,168,101) | ||||
| Working capital | 32,400,000 | ||||||
| Cash | 34,648,611 | $ 34,648,611 | $ 375,796 | $ 3,523,090 | $ 5,211,486 | ||
| Proceeds from received amount | $ 12,000,000 | $ 6,000,000 | $ 40,000,000 | ||||
| Capital contribution | 90,000,000 | ||||||
| AirJoule JV [Member] | |||||||
| Liquidity and Capital Resources [Line Items] | |||||||
| Capital contribution | $ 10,000,000 |
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details) - USD ($) |
3 Months Ended | 6 Months Ended | 12 Months Ended |
|---|---|---|---|
Jun. 30, 2024 |
Jun. 30, 2024 |
Dec. 31, 2023 |
|
| Summary of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items] | |||
| Cash equivalents | |||
| Insured limits amount | 34,083,529 | 34,083,529 | $ 114,254 |
| Deferred tax liabilities | 87,800,000 | $ 87,800,000 | |
| Uncertain tax positions | zero | zero | |
| Unrecognized tax benefits | |||
| Accrued interest and penalties | |||
| Annualized amount | $ 50,000,000 | $ 50,000,000 | |
| Earnout term | 5 years | ||
| Subject vesting shares (in Dollars per share) | $ 12 | ||
| Vesting addition shares (in Dollars per share) | $ 14 | ||
| Unrecognized stock-based compensation expense | $ 13,000,000 | ||
| Shares issuable upon the exercise of warrants (in Shares) | 386,601 | 277,001 | |
| Shares issuable upon the exercise of stock options (in Shares) | 1,411,586 | 1,360,305 | |
| AirJoule JV [Member] | |||
| Summary of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items] | |||
| Noncontrolling interest | 50.00% | 50.00% |
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details) - Schedule of Estimated Useful Lives |
Jun. 30, 2024 |
|---|---|
| Machinery and Equipment [Member] | |
| Schedule of Estimated Useful Lives [Line Items] | |
| Estimated useful lives | 3 years |
| Vehicles [Member] | |
| Schedule of Estimated Useful Lives [Line Items] | |
| Estimated useful lives | 3 years |
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details) - Schedule of Net Loss Per Share of Common Stock Presented in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations - USD ($) |
3 Months Ended | 6 Months Ended | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Jun. 30, 2024 |
Jun. 30, 2023 |
Jun. 30, 2024 |
Jun. 30, 2023 |
|
| Class A Common Stock [Member] | ||||
| Numerator: | ||||
| Allocation of net income (loss) | $ 12,253,141 | $ (2,651,515) | $ 175,697,852 | $ (3,379,463) |
| Denominator: | ||||
| Basic weighted average shares outstanding | 49,560,529 | 32,667,171 | 43,357,928 | 32,633,380 |
| Basic net income (loss) per share of common stock | $ 0.25 | $ (0.08) | $ 4.05 | $ (0.1) |
| Numerator: | ||||
| Allocation of net income (loss) | $ 12,290,847 | $ (2,651,515) | $ 176,332,549 | $ (3,379,463) |
| Denominator: | ||||
| Diluted weighted average shares outstanding | 51,358,716 | 32,667,171 | 44,995,234 | 32,633,380 |
| Diluted net income (loss) per share of common stock | $ 0.24 | $ (0.08) | $ 3.92 | $ (0.1) |
| Class B Common Stock [Member] | ||||
| Numerator: | ||||
| Allocation of net income (loss) | $ 1,176,754 | $ (386,329) | $ 19,287,335 | $ (493,008) |
| Denominator: | ||||
| Basic weighted average shares outstanding | 4,759,642 | 4,759,642 | 4,759,642 | 4,759,642 |
| Basic net income (loss) per share of common stock | $ 0.25 | $ (0.08) | $ 4.05 | $ (0.1) |
| Numerator: | ||||
| Allocation of net income (loss) | $ 1,139,048 | $ (386,329) | $ 18,652,638 | $ (493,008) |
| Denominator: | ||||
| Diluted weighted average shares outstanding | 4,759,642 | 4,759,642 | 4,759,642 | 4,759,642 |
| Diluted net income (loss) per share of common stock | $ 0.24 | $ (0.08) | $ 3.92 | $ (0.1) |
Recapitalization (Details) - Schedule of Business Combination - Business Combination [Member] |
Mar. 31, 2024
USD ($)
|
|---|---|
| Schedule of Business Combination [Line Items] | |
| Cash-trust and cash, net of redemptions | $ 2,455,361 |
| Add: Proceeds from PIPE investment | 4,999,998 |
| Less: transaction costs and advisory fees, paid | (7,455,359) |
| Net proceeds from the Business Combination | |
| Less: Subject Vesting Shares liability | (11,792,000) |
| Less: True Up Shares liability | (555,000) |
| Less: accounts payable and accrued liabilities combined | (9,054,854) |
| Add: other, net | 374,377 |
| Reverse recapitalization, net | $ (21,027,477) |
Recapitalization (Details) - Schedule of Common Stock Issued |
Jun. 30, 2024
shares
|
|---|---|
| Schedule of Common Stock Issued [Line Items] | |
| PIPE subscription | 588,235 |
| Business Combination Class A common stock | 8,001,930 |
| Legacy Montana Shares | 45,821,482 |
| Class A and B Common Stock immediately after the Business Combination | 53,823,412 |
| Less: Redemption of XPDB Class A common stock | (10,381,983) |
| Class A common stock of XPDB | 226,195 |
| Common Class A [Member] | |
| Schedule of Common Stock Issued [Line Items] | |
| XPDB Class common stock, outstanding prior to the Business Combination | 10,608,178 |
| Common Class B [Member] | |
| Schedule of Common Stock Issued [Line Items] | |
| XPDB Class common stock, outstanding prior to the Business Combination | 7,187,500 |
Recapitalization (Details) - Schedule of the Number of Legacy Montana Shares |
6 Months Ended |
|---|---|
|
Jun. 30, 2024
shares
| |
| Legacy Montana Units [Member] | |
| Schedule of the Number of Legacy Montana Shares [Line Items] | |
| Legacy Montana Units | 200,000 |
| Montana’s Shares after conversion ratio [Member] | |
| Schedule of the Number of Legacy Montana Shares [Line Items] | |
| Montana’s Shares after conversion ratio | 4,759,642 |
| Class A Common Stock [Member] | Legacy Montana Units [Member] | |
| Schedule of the Number of Legacy Montana Shares [Line Items] | |
| Legacy Montana Units | 1,725,418 |
| Class A Common Stock [Member] | Montana’s Shares after conversion ratio [Member] | |
| Schedule of the Number of Legacy Montana Shares [Line Items] | |
| Montana’s Shares after conversion ratio | 41,061,840 |
Equity Method Investment (Details) - USD ($) |
6 Months Ended | ||
|---|---|---|---|
Jan. 25, 2024 |
Jun. 30, 2024 |
Mar. 31, 2024 |
|
| Equity Method Investment [Line Items] | |||
| Percentage of interest | 50.00% | ||
| Agreement term | 2 years | ||
| Closing contribution | $ 90,000,000 | ||
| Capital contributions percentage | 9.50% | ||
| Interest rate percentage | 50.00% | 50.00% | |
| Fair market value of interest | $ 5,000,000 | ||
| Contributed cash | 10,000,000 | ||
| Recognized amount | 333,500,000 | ||
| Deferred tax liability | $ 87,800,000 | ||
| Percentage of estimated weighted average cost of capital | 12.50% | ||
| GE Vernova’s [Member] | |||
| Equity Method Investment [Line Items] | |||
| Closing contribution | $ 100 | ||
| Interest rate percentage | 50.00% | ||
| Purchase price (in Dollars per share) | $ 1 | ||
| AirJoule JV [Member] | |||
| Equity Method Investment [Line Items] | |||
| Closing contribution | $ 10,000,000 | ||
| AirJoule JV [Member] | GE Vernova’s [Member] | |||
| Equity Method Investment [Line Items] | |||
| Closing contribution | $ 90,000,000 |
Equity Method Investment (Details) - Schedule of Financial Information - Variable Interest Entity, Primary Beneficiary [Member] |
Jun. 30, 2024
USD ($)
|
|---|---|
| Schedule of Financial Information [Line Items] | |
| Total current assets | $ 9,660,553 |
| Total non-current assets | 1,212,548,167 |
| Total assets | 1,222,208,720 |
| Total current liabilities | 1,078,567 |
| Total non-current liabilities | 3,291,393 |
| Total liabilities | 4,369,960 |
| Equity | 1,217,838,760 |
| Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity (deficit) | $ 1,222,208,720 |
Equity Method Investment (Details) - Schedule of Condensed Income Statement - VIE [Member] - USD ($) |
3 Months Ended | 6 Months Ended |
|---|---|---|
Jun. 30, 2024 |
Jun. 30, 2024 |
|
| Schedule of Condensed Income Statement [Line Items] | ||
| Revenue | ||
| Net loss | $ (1,161,577) | $ (1,214,340) |
Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities (Details) - Schedule of Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities - USD ($) |
Jun. 30, 2024 |
Dec. 31, 2023 |
|---|---|---|
| Schedule of Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities [Abstract] | ||
| Accrued royalty | $ 125,000 | $ 150,000 |
| Accrued payroll | 607,500 | 22,481 |
| Professional services | 1,297,531 | 58,021 |
| Engineering consulting | 1,700 | |
| Business development | 1,425 | |
| Accrued other | 245,873 | 10,813 |
| Total | $ 2,275,904 | $ 244,440 |
Leases (Details) - USD ($) |
3 Months Ended | 6 Months Ended | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Jun. 30, 2024 |
Jun. 30, 2023 |
Jun. 30, 2024 |
Jun. 30, 2023 |
Mar. 01, 2024 |
|
| Leases [Line Items] | |||||
| Lease expenses | $ 0 | $ 8,000 | $ 6,000 | $ 12,000 | |
| Lease initial term | 5 years | ||||
| Total cash paid | $ 2,475 | ||||
| Remaining term | 57 months | 57 months | |||
| Discount rate | 4.69% | 4.69% | |||
| Leases [Member] | |||||
| Leases [Line Items] | |||||
| Lease expenses | $ 9,593 | $ 12,791 | |||
Leases (Details) - Schedule of Future Minimum Rental Payments - USD ($) |
Jun. 30, 2024 |
Dec. 31, 2023 |
|---|---|---|
| Schedule of Future Minimum Rental Payments [Abstract] | ||
| Remainder of 2024 | $ 14,850 | |
| 2025 | 36,700 | |
| 2026 | 39,370 | |
| 2027 | 40,495 | |
| 2028 | 42,583 | |
| Thereafter | 10,714 | |
| Total undiscounted lease payments | 185,162 | |
| Less: effects of discounting | (19,795) | |
| Operating Lease Liability | 165,367 | |
| Classified as: | ||
| Current lease liabilities | 25,368 | $ 22,237 |
| Non-current lease liabilities | $ 139,999 | $ 27,299 |
Fair Value Measurements (Details) - Schedule of Company’s Assets that are Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis |
Jun. 30, 2024
USD ($)
|
|---|---|
| Liabilities | |
| Earnout Shares liability | $ 48,329,000 |
| True Up Shares liability | 422,000 |
| Subject Vesting Shares liability | 12,458,000 |
| Total liabilities | 61,209,000 |
| Level 1 [Member] | |
| Liabilities | |
| Earnout Shares liability | |
| True Up Shares liability | |
| Subject Vesting Shares liability | |
| Total liabilities | |
| Level 2 [Member] | |
| Liabilities | |
| Earnout Shares liability | |
| True Up Shares liability | |
| Subject Vesting Shares liability | |
| Total liabilities | |
| Level 3 [Member] | |
| Liabilities | |
| Earnout Shares liability | 48,329,000 |
| True Up Shares liability | 422,000 |
| Subject Vesting Shares liability | 12,458,000 |
| Total liabilities | $ 61,209,000 |
Fair Value Measurements (Details) - Schedule of Estimated Fair Value Earnout Shares |
Jun. 30, 2024 |
Mar. 31, 2024 |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Stock Price [Member] | ||||
| Schedule of Estimated Fair Value Earnout Shares [Abstract] | ||||
| Derivative liability, measurement input | [1] | 10.31 | 10 | |
| Volatility [Member] | ||||
| Schedule of Estimated Fair Value Earnout Shares [Abstract] | ||||
| Derivative liability, measurement input | 40 | 35 | ||
| Risk free rate of return [Line Items] | ||||
| Schedule of Estimated Fair Value Earnout Shares [Abstract] | ||||
| Derivative liability, measurement input | 4.3 | 4.24 | ||
| Expected term [Line Items] | ||||
| Schedule of Estimated Fair Value Earnout Shares [Abstract] | ||||
| Derivative liability, measurement input | 4.7 | 5 | ||
| ||||
Fair Value Measurements (Details) - Schedule of Earnout Share Liability - Earnout Shares [Member] - USD ($) |
3 Months Ended | |
|---|---|---|
Jun. 30, 2024 |
Mar. 31, 2024 |
|
| Schedule of Earnout Share Liability [Line Items] | ||
| Earnout Shares Liability as of December 31, 2023 | $ 61,393,000 | |
| Balance | 48,329,000 | 61,393,000 |
| Expensed as transaction costs of business combination | 53,721,000 | |
| Change in fair value | $ (13,064,000) | $ 7,672,000 |
Fair Value Measurements (Details) - Schedule of True Up Shares liability - True Up Shares liability [Member] - USD ($) |
3 Months Ended | |
|---|---|---|
Jun. 30, 2024 |
Mar. 31, 2024 |
|
| Schedule of True Up Shares liability [Line Items] | ||
| Balance as of begining | $ 286,000 | |
| Assumed in the Business Combination | 555,000 | |
| Change in fair value | 136,000 | (269,000) |
| Balance as of ending | $ 422,000 | $ 286,000 |
Fair Value Measurements (Details) - Schedule of Vesting Shares Liability - Subject Vesting Shares [Member] - USD ($) |
3 Months Ended | 6 Months Ended | |
|---|---|---|---|
Jun. 30, 2024 |
Mar. 31, 2024 |
Jun. 30, 2024 |
|
| Schedule of Vesting Shares Liability [Line Items] | |||
| Balance | $ 14,217,000 | ||
| Assumed in the Business Combination | 11,792,000 | ||
| Change in fair value | (1,759,000) | 2,425,000 | |
| Balance | $ 12,458,000 | $ 14,217,000 | $ 12,458,000 |
Commitments and Contingencies (Details) - Schedule of Future Minimum Royalties |
Jun. 30, 2024
USD ($)
|
|---|---|
| Shedule of Future Minimum Royalties [Abstract] | |
| Remainder of 2024 | $ 125,000 |
| 2025 and each year through the date the patents expire | $ 300,000 |
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